[
  {
    "id": "123net-dc1-southfield-mi",
    "name": "123NET Southfield DC1",
    "operator": "123NET",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4716416,
      "lon": -83.2380417,
      "city": "Southfield",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "24700 Northwestern Highway",
      "postalCode": "48075",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.123.net/news/123net-expands-dc1/",
        "label": "123NET Expands Southfield Data Center to Power AI and High-Density Deployments",
        "publisher": "123NET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"123.NET - DC1 - 24700 Northwestern Hwy.\" registered by 123.Net, LLC., Southfield 48075",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation, home of the DET-iX Michigan internet exchange. Operator announcement dated 2025-09-24 (retrieved 2026-09-09) states a 4 MW expansion; that is the increment added, not a facility total, so capacityMw is omitted rather than recorded as 4. The announcement states liquid- and air-cooled capacity aimed at GPU clusters and AI inference, hence aiClassification mixed_use for a general-purpose colo that explicitly sells AI capacity. No investment, jobs, or incentive figures are stated. 123NET's own site lists further Southfield buildings (DC2, DC3); those were not confirmed against a fetched operator page in this run and are therefore not proposed here. Coordinates geocoded from the street address in the announcement; parcel not confirmed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Operator states the expansion added both liquid-cooled and air-cooled infrastructure; the announcement does not describe the heat-rejection circuit, so the closed-loop-vs-evaporative question is unresolved."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "123net-dc2-southfield-mi",
    "name": "123NET Southfield DC2 (Southfield Data Center NW)",
    "operator": "123NET",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.467179479879,
      "lon": -83.234668656697,
      "city": "Southfield",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "24275 Northwestern Highway",
      "postalCode": "48075",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.123.net/data-center-colocation/",
        "label": "Leading Data Centers in Michigan for Optimal Connectivity - 123NET data center list",
        "publisher": "123NET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"123.NET - DC2 - 24275 Northwestern Hwy.\" registered by 123.Net, LLC., Southfield 48075",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation. The operator's own facility list (retrieved 2026-09-09) states 8,000 sq ft at 24275 Northwestern Hwy, Southfield, and describes site-wide 'AC/DC power options ranging from 120V/208V three-phase, with up to 60 KW per rack' and '2(N+1) power redundancy'; it states no per-facility MW figure, so capacityMw is omitted. Cooling medium not stated. Distinct building from DC1 (24700) and DC3 (24245) on the same road. No investment, jobs, or incentive figures stated. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder for the street address on the operator's page; parcel not confirmed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "123net-dc3-southfield-mi",
    "name": "123NET Southfield DC3 (Southfield Data Center W)",
    "operator": "123NET",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.466994454342,
      "lon": -83.234393055905,
      "city": "Southfield",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "24245 Northwestern Highway",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.123.net/data-center-colocation/",
        "label": "Leading Data Centers in Michigan for Optimal Connectivity - 123NET data center list",
        "publisher": "123NET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation. The operator's own facility list (retrieved 2026-09-09) states 8,000 sq ft at 24245 Northwestern Hwy, Southfield. No per-facility MW figure is published, so capacityMw is omitted; cooling medium not stated. Adjacent to but distinct from DC2 (24275 Northwestern Hwy). No investment, jobs, or incentive figures stated. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder for the street address on the operator's page; parcel not confirmed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "123net-dc4-byron-center-mi",
    "name": "123NET DC4 Grand Rapids Data Center",
    "operator": "123NET",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.826202163837,
      "lon": -85.67268596115,
      "city": "Byron Center",
      "county": "Kent",
      "street": "400 76th Street SW",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.123.net/data-center-colocation/",
        "label": "Leading Data Centers in Michigan for Optimal Connectivity - 123NET data center list",
        "publisher": "123NET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "123NET's only west-Michigan site. The operator's own facility list (retrieved 2026-09-09) states 3,500 sq ft at 400 76th St SW, Byron Center. No per-facility MW figure published; cooling medium not stated. ⚠️ US Signal's MI02 facility page gives the identical street address, so this address appears to be a shared multi-operator building rather than a single-operator site; the two are proposed as separate operator records and a maintainer should confirm that reading. No investment, jobs, or incentive figures stated. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder; parcel not confirmed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "1623-farnam-omaha-ne",
    "name": "1623 Farnam",
    "operator": "1623 Farnam",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2578,
      "lon": -95.9375,
      "city": "Omaha",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "1623 Farnam Street",
      "postalCode": "68102",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Final two data halls completed June 2025, adding 1.5 MW of IT capacity and space for 280 racks.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250830145932/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/1623-farnam-adds-15mw-to-omaha-data-center-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "1623 Farnam adds 1.5MW to Omaha data center in Nebraska — nine-story facility, 'around 8MW of capacity across 75,000 sq ft'; final two data halls and 280 racks; $10M fifth-floor expansion 2019, floors six-nine added 2021; OmahaIX and some 60 carriers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1623farnam.com/omaha-edge-data-center/",
        "label": "1623 Farnam Omaha Edge Data Center — 1623 Farnam Street, Omaha NE 68102; access to 60+ carriers and seven top IP transit providers; Omaha IX; planning a future OMA2 campus expansion for AI and edge infrastructure growth",
        "publisher": "1623 Farnam",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Omaha's carrier hotel: a nine-story, ~75,000 sq ft facility with around 8 MW of capacity at 1623 Farnam Street downtown, home to the OmahaIX internet exchange and some 60 carriers. News Press & Gazette Co. subsidiary Berks Group acquired Nebraska Data Centers and the 1623 Farnam carrier hotel in 2018 and established 1623 Farnam LLC — so 'Nebraska Data Centers' as an operator name is HISTORICAL, not current. Build-out history: a $10 million expansion in 2019 built out the fifth floor, floors six through nine were added in 2021, and the final two data halls completed in June 2025 added 1.5 MW of IT capacity and space for 280 racks. CEO Bill Severn cites 'significant demand from AI workloads, edge deployments, content platforms, and broadband networks'. The company is separately planning an OMA2 campus expansion explicitly aimed at AI and edge infrastructure growth, with no site, size or date disclosed on its own page — a LEAD to re-check, not yet a proposable facility. DCD also reports the facility serves Trump Media & Technology Group; that is a tenant claim DCD attributes to other reporting and is deliberately NOT recorded as a structured field. capacityMw is the ~8 MW total, not the 1.5 MW increment; investmentUsd records ONLY the sourced $10M 2019 fifth-floor expansion, since no total site capex is published. Coordinates are a street-address approximation.",
    "investmentUsd": 10000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "165-halsey-street-newark-nj",
    "name": "165 Halsey Street",
    "operator": "Tishman Real Estate",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7369,
      "lon": -74.1739,
      "city": "Newark",
      "county": "Essex",
      "street": "165 Halsey Street",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 80
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.165halsey.com/about-us/",
        "label": "About Us",
        "publisher": "165 Halsey Street",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.165halsey.com/",
        "label": "165 Halsey Street — official site",
        "publisher": "165 Halsey Street",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/165-halsey-street",
        "label": "165 Halsey Street Data Center and Carrier Hotel",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/165_Halsey_Street",
        "label": "165 Halsey Street",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Major carrier-neutral carrier hotel and colocation building in downtown Newark: 1.2M sq ft, 14-story former Bamberger's department store (built 1912-1929) converted to telecom use starting 1996 (retrofit initiated by Samuel Jemal). Over 360,000 sq ft of active colocation space plus roughly 110,000 sq ft available; six meet-me rooms totaling 240,000+ sq ft; 60+ networks with no MRC cross-connect fees; a landing point for the Apollo transatlantic submarine cable system. 80 MW power capacity confirmed independently by both Baxtel and the operator's own site.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "32-avenue-of-the-americas-ny",
    "name": "32 Avenue of the Americas",
    "operator": "Multi-tenant carrier hotel (Digital Realty, CoreSite, and other carrier/telecom tenants)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.720012,
      "lon": -74.004641,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Con Edison grid",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york/jfk13",
        "label": "Digital Realty JFK13 — New York",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/ny1-new-york-ny",
        "label": "CoreSite NY1 — New York",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services5.arcgis.com/GfwWNkhOj9bNBqoJ/arcgis/rest/services/MAPPLUTO/FeatureServer/0/query?where=BBL%3D1001920001&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "New York County parcel/GIS record (parcel BBL 1001920001 (Block 192, Lot 1))",
        "publisher": "New York County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Former AT&T Long Distance Building, built 1932, converted to a carrier hotel by Rudin Management after their 1999 acquisition. Represented as ONE consolidated facility record rather than one per tenant. Digital Realty (branded \"JFK13\") occupies 132,500 sq ft per Digital Realty's own facility page — no power (MW) figure is disclosed by Digital Realty itself for this site; a widely-repeated 9.0 MW figure traces only to third-party aggregator listings, not a Digital Realty or building-primary source, and is not repeated here as fact. CoreSite (branded \"NY1\") occupies 48,000+ sq ft per CoreSite's own facility page, also with no MW figure disclosed. No whole-building data-center square footage or power total is disclosed anywhere; capacityMw is deliberately left unset rather than synthesized by summing incomplete tenant figures. Coordinates are a building-centroid geocode (Wikidata, sourced from building records) — plausible but not independently cross-checked against a primary GIS source.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Con Edison"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "365-data-centers-bridgewater-nj",
    "name": "365 Data Centers Bridgewater",
    "operator": "365 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5814424,
      "lon": -74.5738875,
      "city": "Bridgewater",
      "county": "Somerset",
      "street": "999 Frontier Road",
      "postalCode": "08807",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating colocation facility on 365 Data Centers' own New Jersey page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/new-jersey-data-center/",
        "label": "365 Data Centers Bridgewater, New Jersey data center page",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=999+Frontier+Road,+Bridgewater,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=5",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building '365 Bridgewater NJ', 999 Frontier Road, Bridgewater Township NJ 08807, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=365%20Data&state=NJ",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility records 6085 / 10349, '365 Data Centers Bridgewater (BW1)' / '(NJ1)', 999 Frontier Road, Bridgewater NJ 08807",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "25,600 sq ft data center with 2.3 MW of power and 20 MW total available for future expansion; N+1 UPS above 2 MW, a 2N generator with a 13,000-gallon fuel tank rated for 72 hours, and nearly 300 cabinets, cages and suites.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "365 lists a 300-ton N+1 cooling plant with four new 60-ton dry coolers and three split condenser units — a recirculating circuit rejecting heat to air, with no evaporative tower published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "365-data-centers-carlstadt-nj",
    "name": "365 Data Centers Carlstadt (NJ3)",
    "operator": "365 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.827949,
      "lon": -74.049418,
      "city": "Carlstadt",
      "county": "Bergen",
      "street": "410 Commerce Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "07072",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating colocation facility on 365 Data Centers' own Carlstadt page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/carlstadt-data-center/",
        "label": "365 Data Centers Carlstadt, New Jersey data center page",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=365%20Data&state=NJ",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 15701, '365 Data Centers Carlstadt (NJ3)', 410 Commerce Blvd, Carlstadt NJ 07072",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "187,600 sq ft data center plus a 4,000 sq ft admin area, over 120,000 sq ft of raised floor, 18 MW of data center power, four 2 MW and six 2.5 MW generators rated for 40 hours at full load, and a 4,000-ton N+1 cooling plant. Two OSM address points exist for 410 Commerce Boulevard; the registry point is used, hence 'approximate'.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "365-data-centers-commack-ny",
    "name": "365 Data Centers Long Island (Commack)",
    "operator": "365 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8242092,
      "lon": -73.2929267,
      "city": "Commack",
      "county": "Suffolk",
      "street": "500 Commack Road",
      "postalCode": "11725",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020-02-04",
        "note": "365 Data Centers completed the acquisition of the Commack, Long Island data center from mindSHIFT Technologies; the Tier III facility was constructed in 2016 and was already operating at acquisition.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/commack/",
        "label": "Commack — 365 Data Centers (operator facility page, 500 Commack Rd, Commack, NY 11725)",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/365-data-centers-acquires-commack-long-island-data-center-from-mindshift-technologies-300998269.html",
        "label": "365 Data Centers Acquires Commack, Long Island Data Center from mindSHIFT Technologies",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers (via PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=500+Commack+Road%2C+Commack%2C+NY+11725&format=json&limit=3&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 500 Commack Road, Commack, NY 11725",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "24,000 sq ft across two pods, Tier III, constructed 2016. The acquisition announcement states 3 MW immediately available out of 6 MW total utility power and generator capacity; capacityMw.operational records that 6 MW figure, which is utility-plus-generator capacity rather than a measured IT load. Coordinates are a street-address geocode (two OSM address points exist at this address ~110 m apart), hence precision \"approximate\".",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "365-data-centers-dt1-southfield-mi",
    "name": "365 Data Centers Detroit (DT1)",
    "operator": "365 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4691728,
      "lon": -83.2604844,
      "city": "Southfield",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "24660 Lahser Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/detroit-data-center/",
        "label": "Detroit Data Center - 365 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/365-detroit-dt1",
        "label": "365 Detroit (DT1) Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Standalone 12,000 sq ft colocation retrofit facility with a 160-ton cooling plant, 12-inch raised floor, and 3x203kW UPS units for AC customer backup (365datacenters.com spec sheet, retrieved 2026-09-13). A total facility power-capacity figure of ~4.5MW appears on third-party aggregator/broker sites (datacenterhawk, inflect) but was not confirmed against a primary source this session, so capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed. Coolant/water system details were not stated on the pages fetched, so `water` is omitted. Originally built in 2000 as a Switch & Data facility, acquired by Equinix in 2010, and sold to 365 Data Centers in November 2012 (per baxtel.com).",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 0.75,
      "notes": "The 0.75 MW figure is a 750 kW on-site diesel generator for backup/emergency power only (per the operator's own spec sheet), not primary or supplemental grid generation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "365-data-centers-washington-dc",
    "name": "365 Data Centers – Washington, D.C.",
    "operator": "365 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.902580481701,
      "lon": -77.029210511723,
      "city": "Washington",
      "street": "1275 K Street NW",
      "state": "DC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/facilities-network/",
        "label": "Facilities & Network - 365 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c",
        "label": "CoreSite DC1 - Washington, D.C.",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Address confirmed directly from the operator's own facilities-network page, which lists 1275 K Street NW, Washington, DC among its current locations; no square footage, power capacity, tier, or floor/suite detail was published on that page. 'Operational' status is inferred from inclusion in the operator's current facilities listing rather than an explicit statement. Coordinates geocoded via the US Census geocoder for the exact numbered street address (match: '1275 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC, 20005'). IMPORTANT: this is the SAME building address as the existing live record coresite-dc1-washington-d-c-dc — re-fetched CoreSite's own page (sourceIndex 1) and confirmed it independently states the identical address, '1275 K St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005'. 1275 K Street NW is a multi-tenant carrier-hotel building; CoreSite and 365 Data Centers appear to be two distinct operators leasing space in the same building, not the same facility double-counted. Precision set to 'approximate' accordingly (building-level, floor/suite unconfirmed for either tenant). Flagging explicitly for reviewer attention given the near-zero pin distance from a live record.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "365datacenters-marlborough-ma",
    "name": "365 Data Centers Marlborough (MA1)",
    "operator": "365 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3527,
      "lon": -71.58411,
      "city": "Marlborough",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "250 Locke Drive",
      "postalCode": "01752",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/marlborough-data-center/",
        "label": "Marlborough Data Center - 365 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://365datacenters.com/greater-boston/",
        "label": "Greater Boston - 365 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "365 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/16129",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: 365 Data Centers Marlboro (MA1), 250 Locke Drive, Marlboro MA 01752",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "64,000 sq ft facility described by the operator as its \"premiere business continuity center in the northeast quadrant,\" serving Boston, Providence and Springfield enterprise customers. Certified PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOC 1, SOC 2, SSAE 18, ISAE 3402. No AI/HPC capacity named at this site, so aiClassification is left unset.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "4am-development-burkhalter-road-statesboro-ga",
    "name": "Burkhalter Road Data Center (4AM Development)",
    "operator": "4AM Development, LLC (developer; operator undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4049295,
      "lon": -81.7440222,
      "city": "Statesboro",
      "county": "Bulloch",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-18",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-18",
        "note": "Statesboro City Council approved the rezoning of the ~27-acre Burkhalter Road site 3-2, with the mayor breaking the tie. A special use permit is still required and no operator has been selected.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/statesboro-mayor-and-council-approve-rezoning-for-burkhalter-data-center-by-3-2-vote/",
        "label": "Mayor and council approve rezoning for Burkhalter data center by 3-2 vote",
        "publisher": "Statesboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Two-story building of roughly 230,000 sq ft plus a 3/4-acre reserved Georgia Power substation site. The concept plan describes 40-90 MW and the developers applied to Georgia Power for a maximum of 99 MW; no single figure is asserted here. Owners named as Bobby Bagwell and Charles C. Way; the site is being zoned speculatively. Coordinates are approximate to Burkhalter Road pending parcel confirmation.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 27,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "5c-group-vultr-prime-ohio-springfield-oh",
    "name": "5C Group / Vultr Data Center (Prime Ohio)",
    "operator": "5C Group (Hypertec Cloud + 5C Data Centers); tenant Vultr (The Constant Company, LLC)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.8664,
      "lon": -83.7936,
      "city": "Springfield",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "601 Benjamin Drive",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wyso.org/news/2025-12-09/new-1-3-billion-data-center-in-springfield-expected-to-open-in-early-2026",
        "label": "New $1.3 billion Springfield data center expected to open in early 2026",
        "publisher": "WYSO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.jobsohio.com/newsroom/news-press/vultr-announces-1-billion-data-center-investment-in-springfield",
        "label": "Vultr Announces $1 Billion Data Center Investment in Springfield",
        "publisher": "JobsOhio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://springfieldohio.gov/5c-data-center-faqs/",
        "label": "5C Data Center FAQs",
        "publisher": "City of Springfield",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hypertec-cloud-acquires-5c-data-centers-forms-5c-group/",
        "label": "Hypertec Cloud acquires 5C Data Centers, forms 5C Group",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/local/clark-county-approves-new-zoning-rules-for-data-centers/article_941ca03e-6407-53b8-85b4-e86901b4c0b4.html",
        "label": "Clark County approves new zoning rules for data centers",
        "publisher": "Springfield News-Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "5C Group (formed May 2025 when Hypertec Cloud acquired 5C Data Centers) owns/builds the campus in the Prime Ohio corporate park; Vultr (legal entity The Constant Company, LLC) is the AI/cloud tenant. Corrects a discovery-pipeline conflation of this project with a separate, independently tax-credited Crusoe Energy Systems project elsewhere in Springfield -- not the same facility. Capacity: 75 MW disclosed operating load at opening vs. 150 MW max design load (city FAQ) -- both real, tracked field carries the larger design figure. Investment: ~$1.3B total project cost (multi-source) vs. $901.3M JobsOhio incentive-scoped committed investment -- tracked field carries the total-project figure. 120 permanent jobs / >$14M annual payroll disclosed (WYSO); a separate JobsOhio incentive filing cites 20 committed data-infrastructure jobs (narrower, incentive-scoped count). Incentives: ~$95M city enterprise-zone abatement over 15 years; $32M+ state 10-year 50% Ohio Tax Credit Authority credit (Oct 2025) to The Constant Company. Community context: Springfield passed a 6-month moratorium on new data centers and a citizen petition to ban them was launched; Clark County (Jul 2026) restricted data centers to I-2 heavy-industrial zoning, but the county's own zoning administrator noted no I-2 parcels currently exist in county jurisdiction, and Springfield Township (where Prime Ohio sits) zones separately from the county -- this rule change may not directly bind this site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ohio Edison / FirstEnergy"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Enterprise Zone property tax abatement",
        "amountUsd": 95000000,
        "jurisdiction": "City of Springfield"
      },
      {
        "program": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority -- 10-year 50% Job Creation Tax Credit",
        "amountUsd": 32000000,
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2025"
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1300000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 120,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "6-month moratorium, citizen ban petition, and a county zoning restriction (I-2 heavy-industrial, of unclear applicability to this township-zoned site) -- see notes field for full context.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "5c-mem01-memphis-tn",
    "name": "5C MEM01 Memphis (former Fred's headquarters)",
    "operator": "5C Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0301213,
      "lon": -89.936928,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "4300 Getwell Road",
      "postalCode": "38118",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 15
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Construction is under way rather than merely proposed: 5C MEM01 LLC closed on the former Fred's headquarters for $25 million (deed of record), and drone footage in January 2026 captured ongoing construction on the rear of the building including what appeared to be turbines.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250720112541/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/5c-plots-data-center-at-former-freds-site-in-memphis-tennessee/",
        "label": "5C plots data center at former Fred's site in Memphis, Tennessee",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics (archived)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wearememphis.com/news/152-million-data-center-coming-to-former-freds-headquarters-advancing-memphis-tech-future/",
        "label": "$152 Million Data Center Coming to Former Fred's Headquarters — investment, jobs and site details from the EDGE filing",
        "publisher": "We Are Memphis (Greater Memphis Chamber)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/data-center-company-purchases-freds-headquarters-building-for-25-million-records-show/article_4cae4b04-ee6a-41a6-9ac3-279134616909.html",
        "label": "Data center company purchases Fred's headquarters building for $25 million, records show — address from property records",
        "publisher": "FOX13 Memphis",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/data-center-company-purchases-freds-headquarters-building-for-25-million-records-show/article_4cae4b04-ee6a-41a6-9ac3-279134616909.html",
        "label": "Data center company purchases Fred's headquarters building for $25 million, records show (June 10, 2026)",
        "publisher": "FOX13 Memphis",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Conversion of the former Fred's discount-retail headquarters, a multi-storey warehouse and office complex bought by Olymbec in 2019. DCD (2025-05-06), citing WREG, reports plans were submitted to Shelby County in late 2024 to convert 4300 Getwell Road into a data center supporting an initial 15MW IT load in phase one; the 15 MW phase-one figure is what is recorded as planned capacity. 5C's own site separately listed a Memphis facility, MEM01, at 20MW in 2025 and 60MW from 2027 — those larger figures are second-hand in this source and are deliberately NOT recorded as capacity. The 965,000 sq ft / 59-acre complex figures are Olymbec's, for the whole property, not for the data-center footprint. Quebec firms Adag Group and Hypertec are involved; 5C was subsequently acquired by Hypertec. Status is proposed and confidence reported: no source fetched here confirms permit issuance or construction start. Separately, Memphis City Council members led by JB Smiley Jr. introduced a proposed ordinance on 2026-08-16 for a temporary moratorium on new data-center developments citywide, which is context for this site but is not stated to apply to it.",
    "investmentUsd": 152000000,
    "landAcres": 59,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 15,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "60-hudson-street-ny",
    "name": "60 Hudson Street",
    "operator": "Multi-tenant carrier hotel (Hudson Interxchange, Digital Realty, DataBank, Equinix, and 100+ telecom tenants)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.71767,
      "lon": -74.008348,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 15
    },
    "poweredBy": "Con Edison grid",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1994342/000153949723001716/n3791_x3-ts.htm",
        "label": "BBCMS Mortgage Trust 2023-C22 FWP (60 Hudson Street building disclosure)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hudson-ix-to-add-2mw-of-capacity-at-60-hudson-in-nyc/",
        "label": "Hudson IX to Add 2MW of Capacity at 60 Hudson in NYC",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services5.arcgis.com/GfwWNkhOj9bNBqoJ/arcgis/rest/services/MAPPLUTO/FeatureServer/0/query?where=BBL%3D1001440040&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "New York County parcel/GIS record (parcel BBL 1001440040 (Block 144, Lot 40))",
        "publisher": "New York County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Landmarked 1930 Art Deco former Western Union building in TriBeCa, Manhattan — the East Coast's most important carrier hotel / interconnection point, hosting 100+ telecom and data-center tenants. Represented as ONE consolidated facility record rather than one per tenant, since the physical building is the meaningful unit. Total building size is 1,149,619 sq ft, 24 stories + basement, per an authoritative SEC EDGAR CMBS filing (2023) — this is whole-building square footage, not data-center-specific space. No whole-building data-center power (MW) figure is disclosed by any verifiable primary source; a 50MW figure appears on aggregator sites but traces to an unverified 2014 reference and is not repeated here as fact. The one solidly-verified tenant figure: Hudson Interxchange (HIX) occupies ~173,000 sq ft with a 15MW Con Edison feed (+2MW expansion announced), confirmed via Data Center Dynamics (2024-08-21). Figures for Digital Realty and DataBank's space in this building could not be independently confirmed from primary sources in this research pass (conflicting numbers across aggregator sites) and are deliberately omitted rather than guessed — capacityMw is left unset for the same reason (no reliable whole-building total exists). Coordinates are a building-level geocode from a map aggregator, not independently verified against a primary GIS source.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Con Edison"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "9ldg-niagara-falls-ny",
    "name": "9LDG Niagara AI Data Center",
    "operator": "9 Lives Digital Group (9LDG)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0628,
      "lon": -79.0175,
      "city": "Niagara Falls",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "street": "3807 Highland Ave.",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Hydroelectric (NYPA); 100MW on-site substation",
    "announcedDate": "2024-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-08",
        "note": "9LDG announces AI data center plans; acquisition of former Globe Metallurgical plant at 3807 Highland Avenue closed July 16, 2024 for ~$3M; 18-24 month construction timeline announced",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/9ldg-plans-ai-data-center-at-niagara-falls/",
        "label": "9LDG Plans AI Data Center at Niagara Falls",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.niagara-gazette.com/news/local_news/falls-firm-fronted-by-convicted-money-launderer-eyeing-north-end-data-center/article_80fca10c-4f5d-11ef-89b1-777f94833d22.html",
        "label": "Falls firm fronted by convicted money launderer eyeing North End data center",
        "publisher": "Niagara Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate (3807 Highland Ave, Niagara Falls NY). 9LDG stated it will collaborate with an existing data center developer rather than build independently. Company president Michael Bagley leads a three-person partnership; partners not publicly identified. No prior data center development experience disclosed. NO STATUS CHANGE, and a CONFIRMED-ABSENCE finding. Searching for 2025-2026 coverage of this specific project (3807 Highland Ave / Globe Metallurgical) surfaced nothing later than the 2024 acquisition coverage — no permit, no site plan, no construction. Caution for adjudication: 2026 Niagara Falls data-center news is dominated by the SEPARATE Niagara Falls Redevelopment / Urbacon 'Niagara Digital Campus' on Falls Street, which is a different record; do not merge them. No capacityMw, energy, water or subsidy figure could be sourced for the 9LDG site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "notes": "100MW substation on-site at former Globe Metallurgical plant; site selected for hydropower access and water cooling availability."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 100000000,
    "landAcres": 22,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Niagara Falls Chamber director Kory Schuler expressed support, noting project breathes new life into industrial land.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "a1-data-center-millville-nj",
    "name": "A1 Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "A1 Data Center",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.402,
      "lon": -75.043,
      "city": "Millville",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1400
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Atlantic City Electric",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Millville Board of Commissioners banned new data centers citywide (May 19, 2026), blocking this proposal - the largest data center project ever proposed in New Jersey.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.roi-nj.com/2026/05/20/tech/millville-bans-data-centers-rejecting-largest-proposed-facility-in-n-j/",
        "label": "Millville bans data centers, rejecting largest proposed facility in N.J.",
        "publisher": "ROI-NJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.a1datacenter.net/",
        "label": "A1 Data Center Campus - developer site",
        "publisher": "A1 Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "1300 Wheaton Ave. Advertised as a speculative 'ready for inquiry' project (2.9M sq ft, a 1.4GW power pathway, 15-yr tax abatement); no tenant was ever confirmed. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Atlantic City Electric"
    },
    "landAcres": 66,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aaim-data-centers-blue-earth-mn",
    "name": "AAIM Data Centers — Blue Earth (Minnesota 1)",
    "operator": "AAIM Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.635,
      "lon": -94.098,
      "city": "Blue Earth",
      "county": "Faribault",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 95,
      "operational": 15
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aaimdc.com/data-centers/minnesota/",
        "label": "Minnesota 1 - AAIM Data Centers",
        "publisher": "AAIM Data Centers (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aaimdc.com/aaim-to-launch-cutting-edge-data-center-in-blue-earth-minnesota/",
        "label": "AAIM to Launch Cutting-Edge Data Center in Blue Earth, Minnesota",
        "publisher": "AAIM Data Centers (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aaimdc.com/news/aaim-to-launch-cutting-edge-data-center-in-blue-earth-minnesota/",
        "label": "AAIM Data Centers — AAIM to Launch Cutting-Edge Data Center in Blue Earth, Minnesota (relocated under /news/)",
        "publisher": "AAIM Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aaimdc.com/news/aaim-secures-additional-80-mw-at-minnesota-1/",
        "label": "AAIM Data Centers — AAIM Secures an Additional 80 MW at Minnesota 1 (2026-08-15): campus goes \"from a 15 MW colocation facility\" to 95 MW, targeted Q3 2027",
        "publisher": "AAIM Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "On Highway 169 in Blue Earth, MN (county seat of FARIBAULT County — note this is NOT 'Blue Earth County', which is a separate county to the east whose seat is Mankato; classic MN city/county name trap, verified via Wikipedia/Data Commons before writing this). AAIM's own site lists this as 'Minnesota 1', 15MW, in-service June 2025, described elsewhere (DCD, 2024) as an 'HPC/cryptomine' facility; AAIM's own copy says it serves 'high-performance computing, enterprise data, and crypto mining needs' — classified facilityType=data_center/aiClassification=mixed_use rather than crypto_mining because AAIM operates it as multi-tenant colocation (landlord model) rather than mining for itself, unlike Revolve Labs. 10,000 sq ft facility. AAIM's CEO (Levesque) is also CTO of crypto-mining-hardware firm Hash House Tech — noted for context, not fact-changing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "AAIM's launch announcement places the site on Highway 169 near the Blue Earth Light and Water substation, with fiber from Bevcomm. Its 2026-08-15 expansion announcement describes an agreement with an existing utility partner at Blue Earth adding 80 MW targeted for Q3 2027. The serving utility is not named outright in either announcement, so no utility value is asserted."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "aalo-atomics-inl-id",
    "name": "Aalo-X / Aalo Pod (Idaho National Laboratory site)",
    "operator": "Aalo Atomics",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.53333,
      "lon": -112.94472,
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Aalo Atomics broke ground on the Aalo-X demonstration reactor at INL shortly after closing a $100 million Series B round led by Valor Equity Partners.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Aalo-X reactor achieved nuclear criticality on 2026-07-04.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/energy/article/55314289/aalo-atomics-breaks-ground-on-xmr-reactor-eyes-ai-data-center-integration-at-inl",
        "label": "Aalo Atomics Nabs 1st U.S. Advanced Nuclear Fuel Deal, Advances XMR Reactor and AI Data Center Plans at INL",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory",
        "label": "Idaho National Laboratory",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Coordinates are Wikipedia's cited centroid for the entire ~890 sq mi Idaho National Laboratory reservation (43°32'00\"N 112°56'41\"W), not a confirmed location for this specific reactor within that reservation -- treat as approximate at the multi-county-site level, not facility-parcel level. The INL site spans multiple eastern Idaho counties (bordered by Arco, Idaho Falls, Blackfoot, and Atomic City per Wikipedia); no single county could be confidently assigned from sources fetched, so county is omitted. This is a separate location from INL's Idaho Falls Research and Education Campus, where the existing INL C3 data center record in this batch sits. Total disclosed Aalo Atomics investment noted in one source as $136 million.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear_smr",
      "offtaker": "Crusoe",
      "unitCount": 5,
      "notes": "Aalo-X is Aalo Atomics' first demonstration reactor, built on Department of Energy land at the Idaho National Laboratory site under the DOE's Nuclear Reactor Pilot Program; it achieved nuclear criticality on 2026-07-04 (reported as the fourth reactor to do so under that program), separate from and preceding the commercial 'Aalo Pod' design. An Aalo Pod integrates five sodium-cooled, graphite-moderated Aalo-1 microreactors around a single turbine for a combined 50 MWe, requiring no external water for cooling. Crusoe has partnered with Aalo to deploy a 'Crusoe Spark' modular AI data center at the site by 2027, powered directly by an Aalo Pod -- reported as the first pairing of a nuclear reactor with an AI data center in the US. No separate facility record is created for the planned Crusoe data center since it is not yet sited as a distinct built facility in any source fetched."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "abit-usa-duff-tn",
    "name": "Abit USA Duff Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Abit USA, Inc. (Abits Group Inc)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.4467459,
      "lon": -84.0674244,
      "city": "Duff",
      "county": "Campbell",
      "street": "4458 White Oak Road",
      "postalCode": "37729",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04-29",
        "note": "20-F states the company operates one self-owned mining site, at Duff, Tennessee; 200 additional Antminer T21 units were delivered to the Duff site by the end of March 2026 and a further 200 on April 7, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1864055/000149315226019612/form20-f.htm",
        "label": "Abits Group Inc Form 20-F (FY2025) — self-owned property at 4458 White Oak Road, Duff, TN 37729",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Street address is stated verbatim in the 20-F; the point is the Duff community centroid because the street address could not be geocoded. Capacity is not recorded: the filing's 10 MW -> 22 MW figure is the company's combined Duff + hosted-Memphis power capacity, not this site's. Distinct from the CleanSpark Campbell Junction record already tracked in Campbell County (different operator, different place).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Company reports average power cost consistently below $0.04 per kWh and $2,760,377 of electricity cost at the Duff site in 2025; mining is run mostly off-peak."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Two on-site water wells were installed and commissioned in Q3 2025, cutting monthly water expense by up to $25,000; water fees at the Duff site were $295,135 in 2025 (down from $571,053 in 2024)."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aboutbit-merom-sullivan-county-in",
    "name": "AboutBit Merom Cryptocurrency Mining Facility",
    "operator": "AboutBit",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.067889,
      "lon": -87.513056,
      "city": "Merom",
      "county": "Sullivan",
      "street": "5500 W County Rd 200 S",
      "postalCode": "47882",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 115
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-05-11",
        "note": "AboutBit announced a five-year deal to secure 115 MW from the Merom Generating Station.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/AboutBit_Sullivan_County_facility",
        "label": "AboutBit Sullivan County facility",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aboutbit-to-build-115mw-cryptomine-data-center-at-coal-plant-in-indiana/",
        "label": "AboutBit to build 115MW cryptomine data center at coal plant in Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rejournals.com/aboutbit-to-turn-portion-of-indiana-power-station-into-cryptocurrency-mining-facility/",
        "label": "AboutBit to turn portion of Indiana power station into cryptocurrency mining facility",
        "publisher": "REJournals",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250122044833/https://www.gem.wiki/AboutBit_Sullivan_County_facility",
        "label": "Global Energy Monitor / FracTracker Cryptomining Tracker — “AboutBit Sullivan County facility is a proposed 115 MW cryptocurrency mine” (2025-01-22 snapshot)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Proposed 115 MW crypto mine adjacent to the coal-fired Merom Generating Station in Sullivan County. Announced May 2022 ($50M, up to 15 jobs, liquid cooling, 115 MW from WIN Energy). Powering-up was reported in 2023, but in December 2023 AboutBit's CEO walked back the 2022 timeline and denied a link to the plant's continued operation; current operational status is unconfirmed. Staged as proposed pending a fresh primary source. Coordinates approximate. SOURCE CONFLICT RESOLVED 2026-08-08: two claims contradicted this record — Earthjustice (Oct 2023) described the site as operating since 2022, and a Baxtel listing tagged it \"withdrawn before construction\". Neither is supported. Global Energy Monitor's Cryptomining Tracker entry, the most rigorous of the three, still read \"is a proposed 115 MW cryptocurrency mine\" in its 2025-01-22 snapshot (gem.wiki serves 403 to fetchers, so the archived copy is cited). The status stays \"proposed\" and no evidence was found that the mine was ever energized. Location upgraded from a Merom town-level guess to GEM's plotted address.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "WIN Energy",
      "notes": "Five-year agreement to purchase 115 MW; sited adjacent to the coal-fired Merom Generating Station."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 50000000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "abundant-mines-cascadelocks-or",
    "name": "Abundant Mines – Cascade Locks Facility",
    "operator": "Abundant Mines (Good Life Realty LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.6697,
      "lon": -121.8931,
      "city": "Cascade Locks",
      "county": "Hood River",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.portofcascadelocks.gov/port-tenants",
        "label": "Port of Cascade Locks — Port Tenants (lists Good Life Realty LLC dba Abundant Mines, Herman Creek Business Park Flex 1 Suite 101)",
        "publisher": "Port of Cascade Locks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abundantmines.com/",
        "label": "Abundant Mines — company homepage (Pacific Northwest hydro power, Columbia Gorge facility)",
        "publisher": "Abundant Mines",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/press-releases/abundant-mines-wins-inaugural-satos-award-for-mining-energy",
        "label": "Abundant Mines Wins Inaugural Satos Award For Mining & Energy",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/press-releases/celebrating-one-year-of-hashrate-redirect-how-abundant-mines-redefined-uptime-and-protected-millions-in-client-bitcoin-rewards",
        "label": "Celebrating One Year of Hashrate Redirect™ (dateline: Hood River County, Oregon – Dec 16, 2025)",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Bitcoin-mining/HPC hosting company \"Abundant Mines\" (legal entity Good Life Realty LLC) is a confirmed tenant at the Port of Cascade Locks' Herman Creek Business Park. Company press releases (Bitcoin Magazine, Dec 2025 and May 2026) describe six active facilities across Oregon and >25 MW of capacity in development company-wide, plus a seventh site slated for Q2 2026 — those figures are company-wide, not specific to this Cascade Locks site, so per-site capacity is left blank rather than guessed. Company also lists a corporate office at 615 SE Glenwood Dr, Bend, OR (administrative, not a mining site). Region is served by Columbia River hydroelectric supply.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "acehost-marion-tampa-fl",
    "name": "AceHost Marion Mining Facility",
    "operator": "AceHost",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.946873,
      "lon": -82.455567,
      "city": "Tampa",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "203 N Marion St",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.acehost.com/crypto-mining-colocation.php",
        "label": "Crypto Mining Colocation - AceHost.com",
        "publisher": "AceHost",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Acehost_Hillsborough_County_facility_1",
        "label": "Acehost Hillsborough County facility 1",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=203%20N%20Marion%20St%2C%20Tampa%2C%20FL%2033602&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Geocoder match for 203 N Marion St, Tampa, FL 33602",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Downtown Tampa autonomous ASIC/GPU mining colocation facility, dubbed 'the Marion mining facility' by the operator. AceHost's own marketing page advertises up to '100MW+' of available hosting capacity at the site; capacityMw.operational uses Global Energy Monitor's more conservative sourced figure (3 MW) rather than the marketing maximum, since the two describe different things (available hookup vs. actual draw) and only one is independently tracked.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "actapio-east-wenatchee-wa",
    "name": "Actapio East Wenatchee Data Center",
    "operator": "Actapio, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4072423,
      "lon": -120.213935,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "207 North United Sakura Drive",
      "postalCode": "98802",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "Ecology lists Actapio's East Wenatchee facility under Approval Order No. 18AQ-C226 in its data-center air-permit index.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate/air-quality/data-centers",
        "label": "Data centers - air quality permits index (East Wenatchee: Actapio, Approval Order No. 18AQ-C226)",
        "publisher": "Washington State Department of Ecology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/813688320",
        "label": "OSM way 813688320 - 'Actapio', telecom=data_center, operator=Actapio, website actap.io",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/813688319",
        "label": "OSM way 813688319 - data-center building at 207 North United Sakura Drive, East Wenatchee 98802",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Actapio is the US subsidiary through which Yahoo! JAPAN built data centers in central Washington; Ecology's index lists a second, earlier Actapio permit in Wenatchee (08AQ-C071, formerly Yahoo CTC), which is a different site and is not this record. Coordinates are the OSM building polygon carrying the street address, inside the OSM site boundary named 'Actapio'. Current ownership of the operating entity was not independently verified this session, so no parent company is asserted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "active-infrastructure-spring-valley-tech-park-loudoun-va",
    "name": "Spring Valley Technology Park",
    "operator": "Active Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.008,
      "lon": -77.523,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-23",
        "note": "The Loudoun County Planning Commission voted unanimously to recommend denial of application LEGI-2024-0074 on July 23, 2026; the application still awaits a Board of Supervisors decision.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/active-infrastructure-eyes-3m-square-feet-of-data-centers-along-evergreen-mills/article_6cfbeb62-2e1f-491a-8fe0-8b23736a9c38.html",
        "label": "Active Infrastructure Eyes 3M Square Feet of Data Centers Along Evergreen Mills",
        "publisher": "Loudoun Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://loudounwildlife.org/2026/01/spring-valley-technology-park/",
        "label": "Spring Valley Technology Park (LEGI-2024-0074)",
        "publisher": "Loudoun Wildlife Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/loudoun/data-centers-in-loudoun-a-primer/",
        "label": "Data Centers in Loudoun: A Primer",
        "publisher": "The Piedmont Environmental Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Application LEGI-2024-0074. Ten data center buildings up to 100 feet tall, three electrical substations and a backup power storage facility on the east side of Evergreen Mills Road south of Watson Road, in Loudoun's Transition Policy Area near Goose Creek. Rezoning sought from Transitional Residential-10 to Industrial Park. Sources give different footprints — Loudoun Now reports 325 acres and 3.25 million sq ft; Loudoun Wildlife Conservancy reports 362 acres and up to 3.5 million sq ft — so no landAcres value is recorded here rather than picking between them. The southern half comprises 13 parcels of the Spring Valley subdivision with existing single-family homes; one parcel holds an 1880s house and a family cemetery.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Loudoun Wildlife Conservancy describes proposed natural gas-powered hydrogen fuel cells with on-site battery storage and three substations; Loudoun Now reports Tier 4 generators throughout. No generation capacity figure has been published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "adams-fork-harless-datacenter-logan-county-wv",
    "name": "Adams Fork Energy Campus Data Center (Harless Industrial Park, Holden)",
    "operator": "TransGas Development Systems",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.8134,
      "lon": -81.9822,
      "city": "Holden",
      "county": "Logan",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvhighlands.org/article/despite-public-pushback-west-virginia-approves-air-quality-permits-for-data-center-energy-campus-in-mingo-county/",
        "label": "Despite public pushback, West Virginia approves air quality permits for data center energy campus in Mingo County",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Highlands Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ohiorivervalleyinstitute.org/adams-fork-is-a-giant-waste-of-energy/",
        "label": "Adams Fork is a Giant Waste of Energy",
        "publisher": "Ohio River Valley Institute",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed at the Harless Industrial Park near the Mingo-Logan county line, in Holden, Logan County, to be powered exclusively by the co-located off-grid natural-gas plant (facility id adams-fork-harless-power-plant-logan-county-wv, WV DEP permit R13-3715, approved October 2, 2025). No data-center-specific capacity, investment, or job figures distinct from the power plant were found in this research pass (2026-09-10); reporting describes the plant and data center as a single 'energy campus' without separately quantifying the data center building. Part of TransGas's larger 'Adams Fork Energy' project alongside a proposed large natural-gas ammonia plant. Confidence set to 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' (maintainer adjudication 2026-09-10): the WV DEP permit numbers and their 2025-10-02 approval are reported consistently by two independent organisations, but the permit documents themselves could not be retrieved this pass (both dep.wv.gov URLs 404'd), so the sourcing is advocacy-group reporting rather than the primary record. Upgrade to 'confirmed' once R13-3714 / R13-3715 are pulled from WV DEP directly.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "adams-fork-harless-power-plant-logan-county-wv",
    "name": "Adams Fork Energy Campus Power Plant (Harless Industrial Park, Holden)",
    "operator": "TransGas Development Systems",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.8134,
      "lon": -81.9822,
      "city": "Holden",
      "county": "Logan",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2457
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvhighlands.org/article/despite-public-pushback-west-virginia-approves-air-quality-permits-for-data-center-energy-campus-in-mingo-county/",
        "label": "Despite public pushback, West Virginia approves air quality permits for data center energy campus in Mingo County",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Highlands Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ohiorivervalleyinstitute.org/adams-fork-is-a-giant-waste-of-energy/",
        "label": "Adams Fork is a Giant Waste of Energy",
        "publisher": "Ohio River Valley Institute",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sibling facility to adams-fork-wharncliffe-power-plant-mingo-county-wv (Twisted Gun Golf Course site); both are part of the TransGas 'Adams Fork Energy' campus in Mingo/Logan counties.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Off-grid microgrid plant built exclusively to serve the co-located data center; per Ohio River Valley Institute, 'no electricity supplied to West Virginia ratepayers.'"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Mingo and Logan County residents filed a federal lawsuit in December 2025 against TransGas alleging Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, and NEPA violations (per West Virginia Watch reporting located via search but not independently fetched in this pass -- flagged as unverified-by-direct-fetch). WV DEP approved the air quality permits despite public pushback at hearings, per West Virginia Highlands Conservancy.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "TransGas Development Systems",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "adams-fork-harless-datacenter-logan-county-wv"
      ],
      "unitCount": 117,
      "notes": "WV DEP air quality permit R13-3715 approved October 2, 2025, per West Virginia Highlands Conservancy, which describes 117 gas engines generating 'more than 2,400 megawatts.' Ohio River Valley Institute gives a more precise capacity figure of 2,457MW, used here for capacityMw. A separate, unconfirmed figure of 'up to 2,850MW' appeared in an oilandgaswatch.org facility page found via search, but that page returned HTTP 403 on direct fetch in this research pass and so is NOT cited as a source and NOT used for capacityMw. Located at the Harless Industrial Park near the Mingo-Logan county line, in Holden, WV. Part of the larger 'Adams Fork Energy' project, which also includes what is described as potentially the world's largest natural-gas-fueled ammonia plant (not itself recorded here, and permitted separately)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "adams-fork-wharncliffe-datacenter-mingo-county-wv",
    "name": "Adams Fork Energy Campus Data Center (Twisted Gun Golf Course, Wharncliffe)",
    "operator": "TransGas Development Systems",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6412,
      "lon": -81.9689,
      "city": "Wharncliffe",
      "county": "Mingo",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvhighlands.org/article/despite-public-pushback-west-virginia-approves-air-quality-permits-for-data-center-energy-campus-in-mingo-county/",
        "label": "Despite public pushback, West Virginia approves air quality permits for data center energy campus in Mingo County",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Highlands Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ohiorivervalleyinstitute.org/adams-fork-is-a-giant-waste-of-energy/",
        "label": "Adams Fork is a Giant Waste of Energy",
        "publisher": "Ohio River Valley Institute",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Proposed at the former Twisted Gun Golf Course site in Wharncliffe, Mingo County, to be powered exclusively by the co-located off-grid natural-gas plant (facility id adams-fork-wharncliffe-power-plant-mingo-county-wv, WV DEP permit R13-3714, approved October 2, 2025). No data-center-specific capacity, investment, or job figures distinct from the power plant were found in this research pass (2026-09-10); reporting describes the plant and data center as a single 'energy campus' without separately quantifying the data center building. Part of TransGas's larger 'Adams Fork Energy' project alongside a proposed large natural-gas ammonia plant. Confidence set to 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' (maintainer adjudication 2026-09-10): the WV DEP permit numbers and their 2025-10-02 approval are reported consistently by two independent organisations, but the permit documents themselves could not be retrieved this pass (both dep.wv.gov URLs 404'd), so the sourcing is advocacy-group reporting rather than the primary record. Upgrade to 'confirmed' once R13-3714 / R13-3715 are pulled from WV DEP directly.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "adams-fork-wharncliffe-power-plant-mingo-county-wv",
    "name": "Adams Fork Energy Campus Power Plant (Twisted Gun Golf Course, Wharncliffe)",
    "operator": "TransGas Development Systems",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6412,
      "lon": -81.9689,
      "city": "Wharncliffe",
      "county": "Mingo",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2457
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvhighlands.org/article/despite-public-pushback-west-virginia-approves-air-quality-permits-for-data-center-energy-campus-in-mingo-county/",
        "label": "Despite public pushback, West Virginia approves air quality permits for data center energy campus in Mingo County",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Highlands Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ohiorivervalleyinstitute.org/adams-fork-is-a-giant-waste-of-energy/",
        "label": "Adams Fork is a Giant Waste of Energy",
        "publisher": "Ohio River Valley Institute",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sibling facility to adams-fork-harless-power-plant-logan-county-wv (Harless Industrial Park site); both are part of the TransGas 'Adams Fork Energy' campus in Mingo/Logan counties.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Off-grid microgrid plant built exclusively to serve the co-located data center; per Ohio River Valley Institute, 'no electricity supplied to West Virginia ratepayers.'"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Mingo and Logan County residents filed a federal lawsuit in December 2025 against TransGas alleging Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, and NEPA violations (per West Virginia Watch reporting located via search but not independently fetched in this pass -- flagged as unverified-by-direct-fetch). WV DEP approved the air quality permits despite public pushback at hearings, per West Virginia Highlands Conservancy.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "TransGas Development Systems",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "adams-fork-wharncliffe-datacenter-mingo-county-wv"
      ],
      "unitCount": 117,
      "notes": "WV DEP air quality permit R13-3714 approved October 2, 2025, per West Virginia Highlands Conservancy, which describes 117 gas engines generating 'more than 2,400 megawatts,' making it (with its Harless sibling permit) the third- or fourth-largest energy installation in the state. Ohio River Valley Institute gives a more precise capacity figure of 2,457MW, used here for capacityMw. A separate, unconfirmed figure of 'up to 2,850MW' appeared in an oilandgaswatch.org facility page found via search, but that page returned HTTP 403 on direct fetch in this research pass and so is NOT cited as a source and NOT used for capacityMw. Part of the larger 'Adams Fork Energy' project, which also includes what is described as potentially the world's largest natural-gas-fueled ammonia plant (not itself recorded here, and permitted separately)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "adp-ladysmith-data-hub-caroline-va",
    "name": "ADP Ladysmith Data Hub",
    "operator": "ADP Ladysmith Data Hub, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.00386898862997,
      "lon": -77.5030262165529,
      "city": "Ruther Glen",
      "county": "Caroline",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-28",
        "note": "proposed per Caroline County Special Exceptions and Rezonings case listing, Case RZ-02-2025 / SPEX-06-2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://co.caroline.va.us/1036/Special-Exceptions-and-Rezonings",
        "label": "Caroline County Special Exceptions and Rezonings case listing, Case RZ-02-2025 / SPEX-06-2025",
        "publisher": "Caroline County, VA Department of Planning and Community Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2024/08/28/community-meeting-thursday-in-ladysmith-to-discuss-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Community meeting Thursday in Ladysmith to discuss data center project",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Companion case to RZ-02-2025 (proffer amendment). 2030 Comprehensive Plan designates parcel as Light Industrial within the Ladysmith Growth Area. Applicant proffering a 100' buffer. No public hearing date confirmed found in this pass — status kept as 'proposed' pending BOS action.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 140.38,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "advanced-internet-technologies-fayetteville-nc",
    "name": "Advanced Internet Technologies (AIT) Fayetteville Data Center",
    "operator": "Advanced Internet Technologies, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.085,
      "lon": -78.97722,
      "city": "Fayetteville",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "street": "421 Maiden Lane",
      "postalCode": "28301",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Listed among Fayetteville's existing, established data centers.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacentercatalog.com/usa/aitcom-fayetteville-nc",
        "label": "AIT.com — Fayetteville, NC Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Catalog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityviewnc.com/stories/how-to-learn-more-about-data-centers-in-fayetteville/",
        "label": "Data Centers Are Eyeing Fayetteville. Here's How to Learn More (names AIT on Hay Street/Maiden Lane as an existing facility)",
        "publisher": "CityView (Fayetteville, NC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "93,000 sq ft colocation and hosting facility co-located with the company's headquarters. No megawatt figure was found in the sources read, so capacity is omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aes-delta-wind-tunica-ms",
    "name": "Delta Wind Farm",
    "operator": "AES Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.49771,
      "lon": -90.39148,
      "county": "Tunica",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 184.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-07",
        "note": "Amazon and AES announce construction of Mississippi's first utility-scale wind farm in Tunica County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-06",
        "note": "Canary Media reports the project began producing electricity in May 2024 and reached completion in June 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/amazon-aes-partner-on-first-utility-scale-wind-farm-in-mississippi/",
        "label": "Amazon, AES Partner on First Utility-Scale Wind Farm in Mississippi",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/wind/mississippi-just-got-its-first-utility-scale-wind-farm",
        "label": "Mississippi just got its first utility-scale wind farm",
        "publisher": "Canary Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-25-billion-mississippi-data-centers",
        "label": "Amazon plans to invest $25 billion in Mississippi data centers, create 2,000 jobs",
        "publisher": "About Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Overpass API query: power=generator, generator:source=wind, within Tunica County, Mississippi — returns exactly 41 turbine nodes",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "⚠️ ADJUDICATE — SCOPE JUDGEMENT CALL, flagged as instructed. This is a grid-connected corporate-PPA wind farm, not on-site generation dedicated to one compute campus like the xAI Southaven turbines or the Entergy stations built for the AWS load. Include it only if the tracker's power_generation scope covers contracted renewables that a hyperscaler names as part of its data-center power story: Amazon's own $25B Mississippi data-center announcement (source 2) names Delta Wind as 'the state's first utility-scale wind farm', and Canary Media (source 1) says Amazon buys the power 'to support its growing data center operations and logistics hubs in the region' — but POWER Magazine (source 0) describes the same offtake as covering fulfillment centers, delivery stations and a Whole Foods, so the load is NOT exclusively compute. If the scope is on-site/dedicated generation only, DISCARD. Coordinates: no source states a lat/lon or a town, and HARD RULE 2 forbids deriving a point from a county name — so the coordinate is the arithmetic centroid of the 41 wind-turbine nodes OpenStreetMap records inside Tunica County (bbox 34.4634..34.5318 N, -90.4247..-90.3365 W), a count that exactly matches the sourced 41 turbines; precision 'representative_multi_site' because the farm spans 14,000 acres. Capacity: POWER Magazine and Amazon say 184.5 MW, Canary Media rounds to 184 — 184.5 recorded. Confirmed absences: no source fetched states a construction job count precisely ('nearly 300 jobs during peak construction' is a floor-less approximation, so jobs is omitted) and none states a subsidy or abatement; Canary Media reports the project is 'expected to provide $100 million in local property tax revenue over the life of the project', which is revenue TO the county, not a subsidy, and is therefore recorded here rather than in subsidies. Amazon states it has five other renewable projects in Mississippi (solar); none is individually named in any source fetched in this run, so no solar records are proposed.",
    "investmentUsd": 350000000,
    "landAcres": 14000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "offtaker": "Amazon",
      "unitCount": 41,
      "notes": "41 Vestas turbines with blade tips reaching 692 feet, described by Canary Media as the tallest onshore turbines in the country. Amazon is the power purchase agreement offtaker; the PPA value is undisclosed. Canary Media: 'Tech giant Amazon is purchasing power from the 41-turbine facility to support its growing data center operations and logistics hubs in the region.' Power Magazine frames the same output as helping power Amazon's Mississippi operations 'which include fulfillment and sortation centers, delivery stations, and a Whole Foods Market location' — i.e. the offtake is corporate-wide, not dedicated to a single named campus."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aes-oak-ridge-solar-morehouse-parish-la",
    "name": "Oak Ridge Solar",
    "operator": "AES Clean Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.575,
      "lon": -91.7884,
      "county": "Morehouse",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aes.com/sustainability-impact/people-communities/louisiana",
        "label": "AES' Clean Energy Solar Projects in Louisiana",
        "publisher": "AES",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 66193, Oak Ridge Solar)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "AES places the project in Morehouse Parish; the EIA-derived plant record attributes it to Richland Parish near the parish line. The county field records AES's own attribution and the coordinate is marked approximate because of that disagreement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "AES states the project generates about 470,000 MWh annually."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 325,
      "permanent": 5,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "agincourt-valparaiso-porter-county-in",
    "name": "Agincourt Valparaiso Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Agincourt Investments, LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5031027,
      "lon": -87.0201162,
      "city": "Valparaiso",
      "county": "Porter",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-09",
        "note": "Valparaiso Redevelopment Commission approved a purchase option agreement giving Agincourt exclusive rights to buy roughly 180 acres of a 238-acre city-owned parcel for just over $9 million, subject to 180 days of due diligence.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-03-11",
        "note": "Mayor Jon Costas announced the city would cease all efforts toward a data center on the east side; Agincourt agreed to withdraw and release its land option after resident opposition at the March 10 council meeting.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/valparaiso-ind-mayor-says-data-center-dead-after-outcry",
        "label": "Valparaiso, Ind., Mayor Says Data Center Dead After Outcry",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://greatnews.life/article/city-of-valparaiso-statement-on-data-center/",
        "label": "City of Valparaiso Statement on Data Center (March 7, 2025)",
        "publisher": "GreatNews.Life",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Four-building complex proposed on city-owned land near St. Mary Medical Center off Indiana 49. No tax abatement or economic incentive was requested. Coordinates are the St. Mary Drive medical-center address used to anchor the site in public descriptions, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "landAcres": 180,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Heavy resident opposition over water use, noise, environmental impact and property values drove the withdrawal; Valparaiso's council later advanced its own data-center moratorium ordinance in mid-2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "agriforce-east-palestine-columbiana-oh",
    "name": "AgriFORCE Bitcoin Mining Facility — East Palestine",
    "operator": "AgriFORCE Growing Systems Ltd.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8326,
      "lon": -80.5432,
      "city": "East Palestine",
      "county": "Columbiana",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/05/14/3081168/0/en/AGRIForce-Announces-Completion-of-500-Miner-Delivery-for-Installation-at-East-Palestine-Ohio-Bitcoin-Mining-Site.html",
        "label": "AgriFORCE (NASDAQ: AGRI) release (2025-05-14): East Palestine, Ohio site (+2 MW, 50 PH/s) plus a Westpoint, Ohio site (3 MW, 80 PH/s)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / AgriFORCE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/01/23/3014358/0/en/AgriFORCE-Growing-Systems-Secures-Acquisition-of-Bitcoin-Mining-Facility-in-Columbiana-County-Ohio.html",
        "label": "AgriFORCE (2025-01-23): acquisition of a bitcoin-mining facility in Columbiana County, Ohio; 5 MW; powered by natural gas from flare operations; $4.5M",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / AgriFORCE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Bitcoin-mining site in East Palestine (Columbiana County) operated by AgriFORCE Growing Systems (NASDAQ: AGRI), powered by natural gas from flare operations. Capacity figures are not reconciled across AgriFORCE releases: the May 2025 release cites ~2 MW / 50 PH/s for East Palestine, while a Jan 2025 acquisition release cites 5 MW for 'the Columbiana County facility' (which may aggregate both company sites); the site-specific 2 MW figure is recorded and the discrepancy flagged (hence 'reported' confidence). Coordinates approximate (East Palestine city-center).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hashRateThPerS": 50000,
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "flared_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "agriforce-west-point-columbiana-oh",
    "name": "AgriFORCE Bitcoin Mining Facility — West Point",
    "operator": "AgriFORCE Growing Systems Ltd.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.662,
      "lon": -80.702,
      "city": "West Point",
      "county": "Columbiana",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/05/14/3081168/0/en/AGRIForce-Announces-Completion-of-500-Miner-Delivery-for-Installation-at-East-Palestine-Ohio-Bitcoin-Mining-Site.html",
        "label": "AgriFORCE (NASDAQ: AGRI) release (2025-05-14): 'Westpoint, Ohio' site at 3 MW / 80 PH/s (alongside the East Palestine site)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / AgriFORCE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/01/23/3014358/0/en/AgriFORCE-Growing-Systems-Secures-Acquisition-of-Bitcoin-Mining-Facility-in-Columbiana-County-Ohio.html",
        "label": "AgriFORCE (2025-01-23): Columbiana County, Ohio bitcoin-mining acquisition; natural gas from flare operations",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / AgriFORCE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Bitcoin-mining site at West Point (spelled 'Westpoint' in AgriFORCE's release), Columbiana County, operated by AgriFORCE Growing Systems (NASDAQ: AGRI) — ~3 MW / 80 PH/s, powered by natural gas from flare operations, part of the same 2025 Ohio operation as the East Palestine site. County (Columbiana) is from geographic record; the AgriFORCE release names the town but not the county. Confidence 'reported' (single-operator IR sourcing). Coordinates approximate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hashRateThPerS": 80000,
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "flared_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ainet-cybernap-glen-burnie-md",
    "name": "AiNET CyberNAP",
    "operator": "AiNET",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.169,
      "lon": -76.612,
      "city": "Glen Burnie",
      "county": "Anne Arundel",
      "street": "7900 Ritchie Highway",
      "postalCode": "21061",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 80
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Listed as an operational carrier hotel and colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ai.net/cybernap/",
        "label": "CyberNAP — AiNET",
        "publisher": "AiNET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/ainet-glen-burnie-cybernap-data-center/",
        "label": "AiNET — Glen Burnie CyberNAP Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Carrier hotel and colocation campus of roughly 300,000-360,000 sq ft on 15 acres, less than 10 miles from Fort Meade, with three concentric security zones and power density above 25 kW per cabinet. Capacity is operator-stated.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Operator states over 80 MW of protected power delivered as 2N dual feeds from two independent substations on separate grids."
    },
    "landAcres": 15,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ainet-one-market-center-baltimore-md",
    "name": "AiNET One Market Center (Baltimore Carrier Hotel)",
    "operator": "AiNET",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.291652966378,
      "lon": -76.619738877727,
      "city": "Baltimore",
      "street": "300 West Lexington Street",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 80
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ai.net/carrierhotel/",
        "label": "Carrier Hotel | AiNET",
        "publisher": "AiNET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates confirmed via US Census geocoder (exact match on 300 W Lexington St, Baltimore, MD 21201). AiNET's own page states the One Market Center property totals '80 Megawatts of power, and over 150,000 rentable square feet of telecom, data center, and technical office space' -- this is a multi-tenant carrier hotel building (also home to DataBank's separately-recorded BWI1 facility), so the 80MW figure describes the building's total stated power capacity, not necessarily AiNET's own exclusive allocation; recorded as-stated per the source rather than apportioned. aiClassification omitted: no source names AI/GPU/HPC use at this specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "air-products-cetronia-road-upper-macungie-pa",
    "name": "Cetronia Road Data Center (former Air Products site)",
    "operator": "Air Products",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5510536,
      "lon": -75.5965424,
      "city": "Trexlertown",
      "county": "Lehigh",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Air Products proposed a 2.6M sq ft, three-building data center campus on its former HQ site along Hamilton Blvd and Cetronia Road.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Project ended. The Upper Macungie Township Zoning Hearing Board rejected Air Products' request to establish a data center on the 194-acre former headquarters property in a decision issued July 2026 (after a May 27, 2026 hearing). Air Products let the August 5, 2026 appeal deadline pass without appealing; spokesman Art George confirmed 'Air Products has decided not to pursue an appeal of the Upper Macungie Township Zoning Board decision.' No decision has been made on future ownership or use of the property.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/26-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-proposed-in-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "2.6 million sq ft data center campus proposed in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lehighvalleynews.com/business/giant-data-center-proposal-in-upper-macungie-township-is-in-the-works",
        "label": "Giant data center proposal in Upper Macungie Township is in the works",
        "publisher": "LehighValleyNews.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfmz.com/news/area/lehighvalley/lehigh-county/western-lehigh-county/upper-macungie-zoners-reject-appeal-for-massive-data-center-campus-on-former-air-products-site/article_c531b72e-e928-4562-bcbf-3dbc7e9ce3e8.html",
        "label": "Upper Macungie zoners weigh massive data center campus on former Air Products site",
        "publisher": "WFMZ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lehighvalleypublicmedia.org/news/all/air-products-abandons-plan-for-data-center-at-former-upper-macungie-headquarters/",
        "label": "Air Products abandons plan for data center at former Upper Macungie headquarters",
        "publisher": "Lehigh Valley Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "194-acre, ~2.6 million sq ft campus of three buildings (435,600 sq ft to 1.23M sq ft) on the former Air Products headquarters site at 7201 Hamilton Blvd, Upper Macungie Township.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "landAcres": 194,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Substantial local opposition; proposal went before the Upper Macungie Township zoning hearing board.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "alabama-power-clearview-ranch-macon-al",
    "name": "Clearview Ranch Solar and Battery Project",
    "operator": "Alabama Power",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.235,
      "lon": -85.69,
      "county": "Macon",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-04",
        "note": "At its August 4, 2026 meeting the Alabama Public Service Commission approved the Clearview Ranch Project under Docket 32382, Case No. 2026-1, together with the accompanying Renewable Subscription Program contract between Alabama Power and Dotier, LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://psc.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/AUGUST-4-2026-COMMISSION-MEETING-MINUTES.pdf",
        "label": "Minutes of the Alabama Public Service Commission meeting, August 4, 2026 (Docket 32382, Case No. 2026-1)",
        "publisher": "Alabama Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alabamapower.com/company/media-room/energy-answers/clearview-ranch-solar-and-battery-project.html",
        "label": "Clearview Ranch Solar and Battery Project",
        "publisher": "Alabama Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aldailynews.com/psc-approves-construction-of-macon-and-bullock-county-solar-facility-paid-for-by-meta/",
        "label": "PSC approves construction of Macon and Bullock County solar facility paid for by Meta",
        "publisher": "Alabama Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The project spans Macon and Bullock counties; the county field records Macon only because the schema carries a single county string. Alabama Power has not disclosed an exact address, so the coordinate is a representative point on the Macon-Bullock county line and is marked approximate. Alabama Power submitted project information to Commission Staff and the Attorney General on July 2, 2026. Alabama Daily News reports a target commercial operation date of June 30, 2029, roughly 485,000 MWh of first-year production, a 35-year expected solar life and 20-year battery life, and about $110 million in state and local tax impact over two decades ($56 million Bullock, $27 million Macon). Environmental permits and other federal and state reviews remain outstanding before construction can begin.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Alabama Power"
    },
    "landAcres": 1400,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta Platforms (via Dotier, LLC)",
      "notes": "200 MW solar photovoltaic paired with a 200 MW, two-hour-duration battery energy storage system. Alabama Power constructs, owns, operates and maintains both components. Dotier, LLC has subscribed to 100% of the solar portion for a 20-year term under the Renewable Subscription Program, with Alabama Power retiring the associated environmental attributes on Dotier's behalf; the BESS portion is not allocated to Dotier under that arrangement."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alabama-supercomputer-center-huntsville-al",
    "name": "Alabama Supercomputer Center",
    "operator": "Alabama Supercomputer Authority",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.73652,
      "lon": -86.6731271,
      "city": "Huntsville",
      "county": "Madison",
      "street": "686 Discovery Drive NW",
      "postalCode": "35806",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1987-10",
        "note": "The building was completed in October 1987 with the installation of the first supercomputer, a Cray X-MP; ten supercomputers have since been installed, most recently ASA-X in October 2023.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://asc.edu/alabama-supercomputer-center",
        "label": "Alabama Supercomputer Center",
        "publisher": "Alabama Supercomputer Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "State-funded research computing facility in Cummings Research Park, operated by the Alabama Supercomputer Authority (a state corporation founded in 1989) alongside the Alabama Research and Education Network. The building spans nearly 24,000 square feet and houses the authority's Security Operations Center, Network Operations Center, Data Recovery Center, data center and operations offices. ASA's business office is at 445 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery - the same street address as the separately tracked RSA Dexter Avenue Datacenter, which is a different facility. Power and cooling capacity are not published. Single-source record: the operator's own facility page. Coordinate is the OpenStreetMap feature at the stated address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "alaska-communications-anchorage-ak",
    "name": "Alaska Communications Data Center",
    "operator": "Alaska Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 61.188009403546,
      "lon": -149.87239078076,
      "city": "Anchorage",
      "street": "600 East 36th Ave, Suite 100",
      "state": "AK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/alaska-communications-systems-anchorage-data-center/",
        "label": "Alaska Communications Systems - Anchorage Data Center - Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Colocation facility offering 1/3-14U and full-42U locking cabinets, raised floor, 24x7x365 onsite staff and Halon fire suppression, per the only source fetched. That listing cites \"SAS 70 Type II\" certification — a standard superseded by SOC reporting around 2011 — which suggests the page's content may predate that transition and was not independently refreshed for this wave; confidence is set to reported rather than confirmed on that basis, and current operating status was not re-verified against a newer source this session. Coordinates are a Census geocode of the street address (TIGER-line interpolated), not a confirmed parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-atl-01-lithia-springs-ga",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers ATL-01",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7943,
      "lon": -84.6602,
      "city": "Lithia Springs",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "1551 N River Road",
      "postalCode": "30122",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-28",
        "note": "Aligned's own location page lists ATL-01 as an operational facility with 24x7x365 access.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/atlanta-data-centers/",
        "label": "Atlanta Data Centers — Aligned Data Centers (ATL-01)",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Capacity intentionally omitted: a 100 MW figure appears in third-party directories but was not stated on any page fetched and read this session.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Delta³ air-cooling arrays in dedicated mechanical galleries on a closed-loop chilled-water system, with secondary loops supporting DeltaFlow liquid cooling for high-density GPU racks."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-chillicothe-ross-oh",
    "name": "Aligned HPC Campus at Former Pixelle Paper Mill (Chillicothe)",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers (in partnership with U.S. Paper Mill LLC / U.S. Medical Glove Company)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3331,
      "lon": -82.9824,
      "city": "Chillicothe",
      "county": "Ross",
      "street": "232 E 8th St",
      "postalCode": "45601",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-02",
        "note": "Aligned confirmed as the HPC-campus developer within a multi-tenant redevelopment of the shuttered Pixelle Specialty Solutions paper mill.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/07/02/1-5-billion-high-performance-computing-campus-planned-for-former-chillicothe-paper-mill/",
        "label": "$1.5 billion high-performance computing campus planned for former Chillicothe Paper Mill",
        "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wosu.org/2026-07-06/data-center-and-more-new-tenants-expected-for-shuttered-chillicothe-paper-mill-site",
        "label": "Data center and more new tenants expected for shuttered Chillicothe paper mill site",
        "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://athensindependent.com/data-centers-across-appalachian-ohio/",
        "label": "Appalachian Ohio a target for data centers",
        "publisher": "Athens County Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Part of a multi-tenant redevelopment of the shuttered Pixelle paper mill (closed 2025) alongside Amphibian Aerospace Industries, U.S. Medical Glove Company, and U.S. Box Company. The widely-reported $1.5B figure covers the FULL multi-tenant campus (aerospace + medical device + box company + data center), not Aligned's data-center portion alone -- entity/campus-wide, not site-specific; omitted as investmentUsd for that reason. No street address specific to the data-center building has been reported; location uses the mill's mailing address as an approximate anchor.",
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-coal-city-il",
    "name": "Aligned Coal City Campus",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2575,
      "lon": -88.303,
      "city": "Coal City",
      "county": "Grundy",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11-25",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Village Board adopted non-binding TIF inducement resolutions 26-09 and 26-10 on 24 June 2026; no TIF district, redevelopment agreement or zoning approval has been granted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hs.getobedio.com/blog/a-multi-billion-dollar-data-center-takes-a-step-forward-in-coal-city",
        "label": "A Multi-Billion-Dollar Data Center Takes a Step Forward in Coal City",
        "publisher": "Obedio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/daily-journal/2026/08/05/aligned-data-centers-hosts-open-house-to-discuss-coal-city-campus-plans/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers Hosts Open House to Discuss Coal City Campus Plans",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Daily Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Roughly 305 acres in the Coal City industrial park near the southeast corner of Reed and Carbon Hill Roads, with Aligned Data Centers (Acquisition) PropCo, LLC as operator and The Reed Group, LLC as the local landowner/developer. Investment is described only as 'multi-billions of dollars' by the developer, so no figure is recorded. Distinct from the three tracked Aligned ORD buildings in Northlake and Elk Grove Village.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "Developer-funded substation and switchyard connecting directly to the regional transmission system, described as at no cost to ratepayers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.0415,
      "notes": "Air-cooled heat rejection with a sealed closed-loop water circuit; projected water use roughly 41,500 gallons per day."
    },
    "landAcres": 305,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Local coverage reports pushback over proximity to residential zones, Coal City Middle School and the Early Childhood Center; a Change.org petition opposes the campus. Aligned held a public open house on 5 August 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-conesville-oh",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers – Conesville Industrial Park",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.27,
      "lon": -81.83,
      "city": "Conesville",
      "county": "Coshocton",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 340
    },
    "poweredBy": "AEP Ohio (PJM grid)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-24",
        "note": "Aligned press release; 197-acre campus at Conesville Industrial Park, foundational customer secured, initial delivery mid-2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-11",
        "note": "Groundbreaking ceremony held at Conesville Industrial Park",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/press-release/aligned-data-centers-expands-in-ohio-with-new-mega-scale-ai-campus/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers official press release – Ohio mega-scale AI campus expansion",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-to-develop-200-acre-data-center-campus-in-coshocton-ohio/",
        "label": "Aligned to develop 200-acre data center campus in Coshocton, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://frontier-companies.com/aligned-data-centers-expands-with-new-mega-scale-ai-campus-at-conesville-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers expands with new mega-scale AI campus at Conesville Industrial Park",
        "publisher": "Frontier Group of Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yourohionews.com/coshocton/ground-broken-for-new-aligned-data-centers-campus-in-conesville/975588",
        "label": "Ground broken for new Aligned Data Centers campus in Conesville",
        "publisher": "Your Ohio News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55306993/from-brownfield-to-breakthrough-aligned-data-centers-extends-its-ai-first-infrastructure-vision-from-ohio-to-the-edge-of-innovation",
        "label": "From Brownfield to Breakthrough – Aligned Data Centers extends AI-first vision in Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://frontier-companies.com/coshocton-port-authority-secures-58-7-million-from-ohio-department-of-development-for-site-redevelopment-at-the-conesville-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Coshocton Port Authority secures $58.7M from Ohio Department of Development – All Ohio Future Fund",
        "publisher": "Frontier Group of Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://egeneration.org/aligned-data-centers-expands-in-ohio-considering-nuclear-power-for-resilience",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers expands in Ohio, considering nuclear power for resilience",
        "publisher": "eGeneration Foundation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://athensindependent.com/data-centers-across-appalachian-ohio/",
        "label": "Appalachian Ohio a target for data centers",
        "publisher": "Athens County Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Brownfield redevelopment of former AEP Conesville coal plant (2 GW, operational 62 years, closed May 2020). Frontier Group of Companies acquired the plant in 2020 and built the Conesville Industrial Park across ~2,500 acres; Aligned purchased a 197-acre parcel. Aligned describes the project as 'AI/HPC' and 'Gigascale' in its press materials, and this is its third Ohio campus (others: Perkins Township/Sandusky, 96 MW total; Pataskala). Multi-building campus — renderings show up to four buildings; second, third, and fourth buildings referenced at groundbreaking. Capacity MW not publicly disclosed. Investment described as 'multi-billion dollar' — no firm figure confirmed; field omitted per policy. Construction jobs described as 'thousands'; permanent roles as 'hundreds of high-quality long-term positions' — projections only, numeric fields omitted. Aligned is exploring on-site nuclear power (SMRs) for this campus and nearby Zanesville/Cambridge sites; no agreement confirmed. Coordinates approximate (village-level). Site infrastructure funding note: the Coshocton Port Authority received a $58.7M grant (Ohio Dept of Development All Ohio Future Fund, announced July 21, 2025) for utility upgrades, water/wastewater extensions, and roadway improvements across the broader industrial park — this benefits Aligned indirectly but is not a direct subsidy to Aligned and is therefore not listed under subsidies.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio (PJM interconnect)",
      "notes": "Site is in AEP Ohio service territory. Brownfield location retains former plant's high-capacity grid infrastructure, which is a primary site-selection advantage. Aligned is publicly exploring on-site SMR/nuclear additions but no confirmed agreement. Nuclear would be future supplemental supply."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "No cooling type or water consumption data disclosed. Former coal plant had access to Muskingum River cooling water infrastructure; Aligned has not confirmed whether this will be utilized."
    },
    "landAcres": 197,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1800,
      "permanent": 149,
      "sourceIndex": 7
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Strong positive reception at October 2025 groundbreaking. Coshocton County Commissioners and Port Authority executive director spoke favorably. Site revitalization fills a significant local tax and employment gap left by AEP plant closure (plant formerly provided ~10% of River View Local Schools' annual budget and employed ~600 workers). Broader Ohio policy context: a proposed constitutional amendment that would ban large data centers was under debate at the time of announcement; some community and policy advocates cited this project as evidence of the economic value data centers bring to rural counties.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-data-centers-amber-ok",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers Amber Site (Grady County)",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.1603415,
      "lon": -97.8792104,
      "city": "Amber",
      "county": "Grady",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-02",
        "note": "Land purchase near Amber surfaced publicly; Aligned says the project remains in early stages with many details unfinalized.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/data-centers-in-oklahoma/grady-county-commissioners-special-meeting-data-center-oklahoma",
        "label": "Grady County commissioners to hold special meeting on planned data center",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.radiooklahomanews.com/post/grady-county-data-center-concerns-prompt-special-meeting",
        "label": "Grady County Data Center Concerns Prompt Special Meeting",
        "publisher": "Radio Oklahoma News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kswo.com/2026/09/02/grady-county-commissioners-hold-special-meeting-planned-data-center/",
        "label": "Grady County Commissioners to hold special meeting on planned data center",
        "publisher": "KSWO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "An affiliate of Aligned Data Centers bought roughly 800 acres of rural land near Amber, northwest of Chickasha in Grady County, for more than $17 million. That $17M is the LAND purchase price only — it is not a project investment figure and is deliberately not recorded as investmentUsd. No capacity, building count or timeline has been made public. Coordinates are the town of Amber, not a parcel. This is a separate Grady County site from the tracked Chickasha Airport Industrial Park project.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Aligned states its facilities employ \"a closed-loop cooling system designed to minimize water use.\" This is the operator's general design claim, not a site-specific permit or measurement."
    },
    "landAcres": 800,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Neighboring landowners raised concerns about water supply, electricity demand, roads and infrastructure, noise, lighting, agriculture and nearby rural property. The Grady County Board of Commissioners called a special meeting for Sept 8, 2026 to consider county response options. Grady County officials have separately said the county cannot impose a data center moratorium.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-dfw-01-tx",
    "name": "Aligned DFW-01",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.0093142,
      "lon": -96.6765617,
      "city": "Plano",
      "county": "Collin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 60
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/dallas-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/483286527",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/483286527",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/aligned-plano",
        "label": "baxtel — Aligned Plano Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational on Aligned's Dallas directory page; address 2800 Summit Ave, Plano, TX 75074. AI/HPC (likely): Dallas DFW-01: Aligned DeltaFlow/Delta3 high-density AI/HPC platform.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor Electric Delivery",
      "notes": "Aligned's DFW-01/DFW-02 campus in Plano (28000 Summit Avenue, 46 MW at full build) sits within Oncor's T&D service territory covering central/eastern/southern Plano. No facility-specific statement names Oncor directly, and no dedicated on-site generation or renewable PPA was found. The utility is inferred from service-territory geography — it is not a sourced claim about this facility."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-dfw-03-tx",
    "name": "Aligned DFW-03",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5498227,
      "lon": -97.0748553,
      "city": "Mansfield",
      "county": "Tarrant",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/dallas-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1443620406",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1443620406",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/press-release/aligned-data-centers-expands-dfw-footprint-with-new-data-center-in-mansfield-tx/",
        "label": "Aligned — DFW-03 Mansfield press release",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational; 3801 Britton Rd, Mansfield, TX; 27-acre campus. AI/HPC (likely): Mansfield DFW-03 on Aligned adaptive high-density AI/HPC platform.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor Electric Delivery",
      "notes": "Aligned's DFW-03 campus in Mansfield (Tarrant County), TX, sits within Oncor's transmission and distribution service territory — Oncor is the dominant T&D utility across the DFW metro. No press coverage or filing explicitly names Oncor as DFW-03's interconnecting utility, and no dedicated on-site generation or renewable PPA was found. The utility is inferred from service-territory geography — it is not a sourced claim about this facility."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "landAcres": 27,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-iad-01-va",
    "name": "Aligned IAD-01",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0136079,
      "lon": -77.4705563,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 60
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/northern-virginia-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/793622740",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/793622740",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/aligned-energy-iad01-ashburn",
        "label": "datacenters.com — Aligned Energy IAD01 Ashburn",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Ashburn campus confirmed operational (IAD-01, 370,000 sq ft, 60MW) via Aligned press/case study pages; generic candidate name mapped to the first/flagship building. AI/HPC (likely): Ashburn IAD-01 supports AI/HPC/GPU via adaptive high-density design.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Aligned's IAD-01 facility in Ashburn (370,000 sqft, 60 MW power capacity) connects to the Dominion Energy Virginia grid. No site-specific renewable PPA or dedicated on-site generation found — standard grid power from the regional utility."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-iad-03-va",
    "name": "Aligned IAD-03",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9886354,
      "lon": -77.4407776,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/location/iad-03-data-center/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1276518684",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1276518684",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/northern-virginia-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned AI/HPC — Sterling IAD-03 supports high/variable-density AI/HPC",
        "publisher": "aligneddc.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/aligned-energy-iad01-ashburn",
        "label": "datacenters.com — Aligned Energy IAD01/IAD02 Ashburn",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "IAD-03 confirmed via Aligned's own location page; 430,000 sq ft, 72MW, phase one delivered Fall 2023. AI/HPC (likely): Sterling IAD-03 supports high/variable-density AI/HPC.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Aligned's Ashburn campus connects to the Dominion Energy Virginia grid; Dominion offers green-energy program options but no site-specific dedicated generation or PPA was found for IAD-03 specifically."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-iad-06-frederick-md",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers IAD-06 Frederick",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3417,
      "lon": -77.5089,
      "city": "Frederick",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "street": "5601 Manor Woods Road",
      "postalCode": "21703",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Construction began October 2025 as the second building on Aligned's Quantum Frederick campus; the structure topped out March 9, 2026, fewer than five months after groundbreaking.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.turnerconstruction.com/insights/turner-celebrates-topping-out-of-aligned-iad-06-data-center-in-frederick-maryland",
        "label": "Turner Celebrates Topping Out of Aligned IAD-06 Data Center in Frederick, Maryland",
        "publisher": "Turner Construction Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/quantum-frederick-frederick-county-md-maryland-data-center-series-pt-3/",
        "label": "Quantum Frederick, Frederick County, MD: Maryland Data Center Series, Pt. 3",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/maryland-data-centers/",
        "label": "Adaptive Data Centers in Frederick County, Maryland",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Two-story, 450,000 sq ft, 72 MW building — the second of four planned on Aligned's 75-acre, roughly 264 MW campus inside Quantum Frederick. About 345 skilled workers were on site at topping out with more than 80,000 craft hours logged.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Turner Construction describes a high-efficiency hybrid cooling solution integrating liquid- and air-cooled technologies."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-neo-01-oh",
    "name": "Aligned NEO-01",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4321977,
      "lon": -82.7189574,
      "city": "Sandusky (Perkins Township)",
      "county": "Erie",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 96
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/northeast-ohio-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/383796776",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/383796776",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/cleveland/aligned-neo-01/",
        "label": "datacentermap.com — Aligned NEO-01 Cleveland/Sandusky",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Confirmed via Aligned's Northeast Ohio page and DatacenterDynamics/JobsOhio press coverage; 2509 Hayes Ave, Sandusky, OH; 96MW/200,000 sq ft, under construction, official name NEO-01. AI/HPC (likely): Sandusky NEO-01 on Aligned DeltaFlow/Delta3 AI/HPC design.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "NEO-01 in Sandusky (Perkins Township) connects to the FirstEnergy grid with Ohio Edison as the local distribution utility, delivering power feeds up to 80 MW (expandable beyond 200 MW at full build). No dedicated on-site generation or renewable PPA specific to this site was found."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-ord-01-il",
    "name": "Aligned ORD-01",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9140034,
      "lon": -87.9175163,
      "city": "Northlake",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "505 Northwest Ave",
      "postalCode": "60164",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 48
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — ComEd",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/chicago/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1217649348",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1217649348",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ALI_ChicagoBldgSpecs241015.pdf",
        "label": "Aligned Chicago ORD-01 Spec Sheet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/chicago-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned Chicago data centers page",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/aligned-launches-one-chicago-data-center-and-breaks-ground-on-another",
        "label": "Aligned Launches One Chicago Data Center and Breaks Ground on Another",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/aligned-energy-ord-01-chicago",
        "label": "Aligned Energy ORD-01 Chicago (Northlake, IL)",
        "publisher": "Datacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Confirmed via Aligned Chicago page and DatacenterDynamics ('Aligned completes first Chicago data center'); 505 Northwest Ave, Northlake, IL; 48MW, operational. AI/HPC (likely): Northlake ORD-01 hyperscale, adaptive AI/HPC cooling platform.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "Aligned's Chicagoland ORD-01 campus in Northlake draws redundant, critical power from two on-site substations (170 MW total capacity) fed by the Commonwealth Edison grid."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Delta Cube (Delta³) adiabatic, air-cooled modular cooling system (evaporative-assisted air)."
    },
    "landAcres": 18.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-ord-02-northlake-il",
    "name": "Aligned ORD-02",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9169,
      "lon": -87.8956,
      "city": "Northlake",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "501 Northwest Ave",
      "postalCode": "60164",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Listed as an operating campus on Aligned's Chicago page; described as the first facility achieving OCP Ready for Hyperscale",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/chicago/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers — Chicago (ORD) campuses",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/chicago-data-centers/",
        "label": "Sustainable, AI-Ready Data Centers in Chicago, IL — ORD-02 (501 Northwest Ave, Northlake) specifications",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Second Aligned building on the Northlake campus, adjacent to ORD-01 at 505 Northwest Ave. Tier III design, 100% uptime SLA. Operator page does not publish MW.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Delta3 air cooling arrays with a closed-loop chilled water system; Aligned states near-zero WUE and secondary loops supporting DeltaFlow liquid cooling."
    },
    "landAcres": 18.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-ord-03-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Aligned ORD-03",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0039,
      "lon": -87.9703,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "50 NW Point Blvd.",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Listed on Aligned's Chicago campus page with specifications but no in-service date",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/chicago/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers — Chicago (ORD) campuses",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — Aligned Data Centers (EGV) PropCo, LLC, Elk Grove Village (2023 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/chicago-data-centers/",
        "label": "Sustainable, AI-Ready Data Centers in Chicago, IL — ORD-03 (50 NW Point Blvd, Elk Grove Village) specifications",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Aligned's third Chicago campus and its first in Elk Grove Village (36 acres, Tier III). STATUS IS PROVISIONAL: the operator page lists the campus without a delivery or in-service date, so under_construction is an inference — confirm against a delivery announcement before publishing.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Aligned's ORD campuses use Delta3 air cooling arrays on a closed-loop chilled water system with near-zero WUE."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 17812500,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 285000000,
    "landAcres": 36,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 21,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-pataskala-licking-oh",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers — Pataskala",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.9956,
      "lon": -82.6743,
      "city": "Pataskala",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-25",
        "note": "Pataskala City Council voted 7-0 on Aug. 25, 2026 to reject the site plan, accepting the Planning and Zoning Commission's recommendation to deny it. Aligned has not withdrawn — its general counsel said only that the company would “reflect and regroup.” A separate citizen charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW goes to Pataskala and Granville voters on Nov. 3, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://freepress.org/article/pataskala-ohio-zoning-votes-down-data-center-application",
        "label": "Columbus Free Press: 80+ acres, Bloom Energy natural-gas fuel cells, 84 cooling units; Planning & Zoning voted the application down 2026-06-03",
        "publisher": "The Columbus Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/pataskala-allow-data-center-industrial-180844000.html",
        "label": "AOL/Newark Advocate: 89 acres, 200 MW, 3 buildings (down from 4), Broad St & Mink St; P&Z voted 5-2 to recommend rejection (staff recommended approval); Council hearing 2026-08-25",
        "publisher": "AOL / Newark Advocate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/pataskala-rejects-proposed-data-center-voters-to-decide-potential-ban-in-november",
        "label": "Pataskala rejects proposed data center; voters to decide potential ban in November",
        "publisher": "ABC 6 / WSYX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thereportingproject.org/pataskala-residents-cheer-city-council-vote-to-reject-site-plan-for-proposed-large-scale-data-center/",
        "label": "The Reporting Project: City Council rejected the site plan 7-0 on 2026-08-25; Aligned GC David Robinson — “We’ll reflect and regroup”; 89 acres, 200 MW, three buildings; Nov. 3 ballot in Pataskala and Granville",
        "publisher": "The Reporting Project (Denison University)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Blocked 200 MW campus (89 acres, 3 planned buildings, down from 4) at Broad St & Mink St in the Pataskala industrial park, which would have run on on-site Bloom Energy natural-gas fuel cells. The Planning & Zoning Commission voted 5–2 on 2026-06-03 to recommend rejection (staff had recommended approval), and City Council rejected the site plan 7-0 on 2026-08-25. Recorded as cancelled because the city denied the application; note that Aligned itself has not abandoned the project — its general counsel said the company would “reflect and regroup.” A citizen charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW goes to Pataskala and Granville voters on Nov. 3, 2026. Coordinates approximate (Pataskala city-center).",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Sustained resident opposition: rallies at City Hall and a citizen petition drive. P&Z recommended rejection 5–2 on 2026-06-03; City Council then rejected the site plan 7-0 on 2026-08-25. A citizen-driven charter amendment banning data centers over 25 MW is on the Nov. 3, 2026 ballot in Pataskala and Granville.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-pdx-01-or",
    "name": "Aligned PDX-01",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5540594,
      "lon": -122.9492507,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Portland General Electric (PGE), w/ on-site 31MW/62MWh grid-flexibility battery",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/hillsboro-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1114969101",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1114969101",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/data-centers/oregon-utility-tries-out-a-faster-cheaper-way-to-power-data-centers",
        "label": "Canary Media — Oregon utility tries out a faster, cheaper way to power data centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-tops-out-pdx-1-data-center-in-hillsboro-oregon/",
        "label": "DCD — Aligned tops out PDX-1 data center in Hillsboro, Oregon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational, 27-acre campus at NE 30th Ave & NE Evergreen Rd, Hillsboro, OR. AI/HPC (likely): Hillsboro PDX-01 engineered on high-density AI/HPC cooling design.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)",
      "notes": "PDX-01 draws grid power from Portland General Electric."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "landAcres": 27,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-phx-01-02-03-az",
    "name": "Aligned PHX-01/02/03",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6590546,
      "lon": -112.1111595,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "APS grid + 63MW on-site microgrid (natural gas generation)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/phoenix/",
        "label": "Aligned facility directory",
        "publisher": "Aligned",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/155739337",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/155739337",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/phoenix-data-center-will-have-63mw-on-site-generation/",
        "label": "DCD — Phoenix data center will have 63MW on-site generation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/power-reliability-is-a-big-driver-for-aligned-data-centers-in-phoenix/",
        "label": "Aligned — Power Reliability is a Big Driver for Aligned Data Centers in Phoenix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational via Aligned's Phoenix directory page; 55-acre Union Hills campus, PHX-01/02/03/05 buildings. AI/HPC (likely): Phoenix hosts Aligned Advanced Cooling Lab; DeltaFlow supports highest-density GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 63,
      "notes": "Aligned's Phoenix campus (2500 W Union Hills — matches PHX-01/02/03) is powered by APS via a custom 69kV enhanced-capability substation, PLUS a genuine 63 MW on-site microgrid generation project built jointly with APS — allowing the campus to island itself from the grid during congestion."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "landAcres": 55,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-phx13-glendale-az",
    "name": "Aligned PHX-13",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5387,
      "lon": -112.186,
      "city": "Glendale",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Aligned broke ground on PHX-13, a 72 MW campus in Glendale, expanding its Arizona footprint",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.constructconnect.com/aligned-data-centers-breaks-ground-in-glendale-expanding-arizona-infrastructure",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers breaks ground in Glendale, expanding Arizona infrastructure",
        "publisher": "ConstructConnect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcnnmagazine.com/data-centres/aligned-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-glendale-facility/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers breaks ground on Glendale facility (APS 230 kV line; closed-loop cooling)",
        "publisher": "DCNN Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.glendalestar.com/news/aligned-data-centers-breaks-ground/article_4c7a2620-ccc3-4821-a236-dbfedb40ae85.html",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers breaks ground - Glendale mayor praises PHX-13",
        "publisher": "Glendale Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-breaks-ground-on-data-center-in-phoenix-arizona/",
        "label": "Aligned breaks ground on data center in Phoenix, Arizona ($86.5M for 100 acres)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructconnect.com/construction-economic-news/aligned-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-phx-13-facility-expanding-arizona-infrastructure",
        "label": "ConstructConnect — Aligned Data Centers Breaks Ground on PHX-13 Facility",
        "publisher": "ConstructConnect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.glendaleaz.gov/Business/Economic-Development/Economic-Development-News/2025/Aligned-Data-Centers-Breaks-Ground-on-Phx-13-Facility",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers Breaks Ground on Phx-13 Facility",
        "publisher": "City of Glendale, Arizona",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "PHX-13, a 72 MW campus in Glendale, Maricopa County. Coordinates are the Glendale area centroid. Land acquired for $86.5M (100 acres at 8785 N Reems Rd, Dec 2024, from LXP Industrial Trust) - land cost, not campus capex -> investmentUsd omitted. No job counts disclosed -> jobs honest-zero. The campus likely uses Arizona's statutory data-center TPT exemption (A.R.S. 41-1519), but no ACA certification or GPLET agreement for this campus is public -> subsidy honest-zero.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
      "notes": "APS is building a new 230 kV transmission line to serve the campus (DCNN); grid-sourced renewables, no on-site generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Aligned Delta-cube closed-loop air-cooling arrays with water recycling (no evaporative draw); DeltaFlow liquid cooling planned for dense AI workloads. A marketed '>73% water reduction' is versus the site's prior agricultural (rose-farm) use, not a data-center withdrawal figure -> no MGD recorded."
    },
    "landAcres": 100,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Glendale Mayor Jerry Weiers attended and praised the April 2025 groundbreaking; the City of Glendale issued its own release. No opposition, contested vote, or litigation documented.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-project-caprock-hale-county-tx",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers Project Caprock",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.84,
      "lon": -101.84,
      "city": "Abernathy",
      "county": "Hale",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 540
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Xcel Energy); dedicated electrical infrastructure funded by Aligned",
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Site selection and development agreement finalized in Hale County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Groundbreaking April 9, 2026. LBB-01 inaugural data center targets Q1 2027 service date. Ryan Companies is general contractor.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/press-release/aligned-breaks-ground-on-project-caprock/",
        "label": "Aligned breaks ground on Project Caprock 540 MW campus in Hale County",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/09/3271435/0/en/Aligned-Data-Centers-Breaks-Ground-on-Project-Caprock-a-Sustainable-540-MW-Next-Generation-Data-Center-Campus-in-Northwest-Texas.html",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers breaks ground on Project Caprock 540 MW campus in Northwest Texas",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Six facilities totaling 1.65 million sq ft across 313 acres. Largest data center groundbreaking in West Texas at time of announcement. TeraWulf separately targeting a data center campus in Abernathy for Fluidstack. Coordinates corrected: Abernathy TX is at approximately 33.84°N, 101.84°W; original record had longitude −101.55 which is ~15 miles east of the city.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Aligned is building and funding dedicated electrical infrastructure to protect local ratepayers. Xcel Energy is the key power partner. Regional renewable resources (solar, wind) available in Texas Panhandle."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "DeltaFlow liquid cooling technology with closed-loop air-cooled heat rejection; no Ogallala Aquifer water use per developer."
    },
    "landAcres": 313,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Hale County finalized a development agreement and the April 2026 groundbreaking was billed as the largest data-center groundbreaking in West Texas; Aligned emphasized funding dedicated electrical infrastructure to protect local ratepayers. Local coverage also documents some resident concern; no formal opposition or litigation found.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-quantum-frederick-md",
    "name": "Aligned Data Centers IAD-04 Frederick",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.263,
      "lon": -77.387,
      "city": "Adamstown",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "street": "5601 Manor Woods Road",
      "postalCode": "21703",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-01",
        "note": "Aligned announced campus at Quantum Frederick; Maryland regulations on backup generators initially delayed groundbreaking",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Groundbreaking February 5, 2025 after Maryland amended generator regulations. 450,000 sq ft, two-story facility; Turner Construction GC. Structural topping-out milestone completed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-breaks-ground-on-72mw-maryland-data-center-in-quantum-frederick-park/",
        "label": "Aligned breaks ground on 72MW Maryland data center in Quantum Frederick Park",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55261511/circling-back-what-now-for-quantum-loophole-and-the-quantum-frederick-data-center-campus",
        "label": "What Now for Quantum Loophole and the Quantum Frederick Data Center Campus?",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/aligned-maryland-campus-iad04",
        "label": "Aligned Maryland Campus IAD04",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/maryland-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned Maryland Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://commerce.maryland.gov/fund/data-center-maryland-sales-and-use-tax-exemption-incentive-program",
        "label": "Maryland Data Center Sales & Use Tax Exemption Program",
        "publisher": "Maryland Dept. of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/quantum-frederick-data-center-campus-001700328.html",
        "label": "Quantum Frederick data center campus",
        "publisher": "Frederick News-Post via Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/quantum-frederick-frederick-county-md-maryland-data-center-series-pt-3/",
        "label": "Quantum Frederick, Frederick County, MD: Maryland Data Center Series, Pt. 3",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Part of TPG Real Estate / Catellus Development's 2,100-acre Quantum Frederick campus on former Alcoa Eastalco aluminum plant (closed 2010, demolished 2017) in Frederick County MD. Coordinates are approximate for campus area near Buckeystown/Adamstown. Location.city set to Adamstown per the more recent, project-specific Frederick News-Post coverage (2025-11-11, via Yahoo Finance); the 2021 Maryland Dept. of Commerce announcement had said \"near Buckeystown\" — recorded here so the choice is auditable rather than looking arbitrary.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Potomac Edison / FirstEnergy",
      "notes": "Utility-served (FirstEnergy / Potomac Edison, multi-gigawatt scale per Frederick Chamber). Aligned commits to \"100% renewable power\" (procurement, not dedicated generation). 172 emergency diesel generators (508 MW combined) MDE-approved (Jan 2025) for backup only."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Aligned describes \"Delta³ air cooling arrays\" plus \"DeltaFlow liquid cooling\" within a \"closed-loop chilled water system\" and markets \"near-zero water consumption\"; no facility MGD disclosed. Cooling spec is campus-level and may not be IAD-04-specific."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Maryland Data Center Sales & Use Tax Exemption — 10-year exemption on qualified data-center personal property (extendable to 20 years for $250M+ investment). Aligned's CEO cited \"attractive tax exemptions\" for choosing Frederick; statutory eligibility only, no project-specific certification confirmed.",
        "jurisdiction": "Maryland",
        "year": "2020",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 75,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Frederick County Data Center Referendum Committee collected 21,000+ signatures opposing overlay zone expansion. Maryland Supreme Court scheduled to hear referendum appeal. Frederick County Council created Critical Digital Infrastructure Overlay Zone in January 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-shippingport-pa",
    "name": "Shippingport Industrial Park",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.63,
      "lon": -80.44,
      "city": "Shippingport",
      "county": "Beaver",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Conditional use largely granted. On January 28, 2026 Shippingport Borough Council approved most of Aligned's conditional use permit and related modifications for the campus ('Project Phoenix') — three data center buildings of 672,924, 638,000 and 638,000 sq ft plus a 147,000 sq ft warehouse/office building, on a 593-acre site of which roughly 400 acres would be graded, alongside a 70-acre natural gas power generation pad. Requested variances covered building height (45 ft to ~65 ft), clearing up to 75% of woodland, 24-hour construction noise, and a 65 dB noise limit measured at the nearest residence. PARTIAL: two noise-related items remain to be voted on, and mass grading, NPDES, stormwater and emergency management permits are filed but not yet issued.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Aligned Data Centers broke ground on the 2 GW 'Project Phoenix' campus in Shippingport on September 10, 2026, moving the site from permitted to under construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/shippingport-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Shippingport Industrial Park data center campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bcbizpa.com/data-centers-beaver-county-cant-seem-to-get-enough-of-them/",
        "label": "Data Centers? Beaver County Can't Seem to Get Enough of Them",
        "publisher": "Beaver County Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/ai-infrastructure-beaver-valley/",
        "label": "Beaver Valley could become center of AI infrastructure for region",
        "publisher": "CBS Pittsburgh",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://www.tmia.com/content/beaver-valley-becomes-data-center-target",
        "label": "Beaver Valley becomes data center target (Post-Gazette reprint, byline Anya Litvak and Chloe Jad, Feb 8 2026)",
        "publisher": "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (via Three Mile Island Alert reprint)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://community.triblive.com/news/3990268",
        "label": "Shippingport data centers will be financial, health burdens on Beaver County residents",
        "publisher": "TribLive (community op-ed by Elan Justice Pavlinich, Environmental Health Project)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/09/10/3359602/0/en/aligned-data-centers-and-shippingport-community-mark-revitalization-of-legacy-energy-site-with-groundbreaking-of-2-gw-project-phoenix-campus.html",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers and Shippingport Community Mark Revitalization of Legacy Energy Site with Groundbreaking of 2 GW \"Project Phoenix\" Campus",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers (GlobeNewswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://marcellusdrilling.com/2026/09/aligned-breaks-ground-on-10b-2-gw-data-center-in-beaver-county/",
        "label": "Aligned Breaks Ground on $10B, 2 GW Data Center in Beaver County",
        "publisher": "Marcellus Drilling News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Two natural-gas-powered buildings in a 660-acre industrial park; construction potentially starting later 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Site plan for 'Project Phoenix' includes a 70-acre natural gas power generation pad serving the campus; roughly 400 of the 593 acres would be graded. A campus MW figure was not disclosed in this source."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Aligned states zero-water operational cooling via a closed-loop recycling system; the campus is pursuing Green Globes certification."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 660,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 3000,
      "permanent": 640,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Local officials and Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro have criticized the pace and secrecy of the Shippingport-area data center buildout, and community groups have organized against nearby proposed data centers citing noise and environmental concerns; a nonprofit (Environmental Health Project) op-ed warned of health and financial burdens. A Shippingport resident and the Beaver County Corporation for Economic Development president voiced support/openness to the project (with caveats about energy costs), and reporting noted comparatively little organized public opposition to date.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-west-jordan-ut",
    "name": "Aligned Salt Lake City Campus (SLC-01/02/03)",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5861,
      "lon": -111.96973,
      "city": "West Jordan",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 60,
      "operational": 48
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/salt-lake-city-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers — Salt Lake City data centers",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11428310/aligned-continues-its-expansion-with-second-salt-lake-city-data-center",
        "label": "Aligned Continues its Expansion With Second Salt Lake City Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deseret.com/2018/11/27/20659830/jordan-school-board-votes-to-support-tax-incentives-for-paypal-data-center-in-west-jordan/",
        "label": "Jordan School Board votes to support tax incentives for PayPal data center in West Jordan",
        "publisher": "Deseret News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kutv.com/news/local/pay-pal-commits-to-west-jordan-will-get-68-million-in-tax-rebates",
        "label": "PayPal commits to West Jordan, will get $6.8 million in tax rebates",
        "publisher": "KUTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/46451408/west-jordan-paypal-data-center-is-just-1-step-away-from-being-approved",
        "label": "West Jordan PayPal data center is just 1 step away from being approved",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "West Jordan Redevelopment Agency participation agreements identified for the Pepper River site (former Fairchild Semiconductor plant, 3333 W 9000 South): a ~2018 agreement rebating Aligned Energy's municipal energy tax, capped at $5,000,000 over 10 years, and a 2018/2019 agreement rebating PayPal (the building's anchor tenant) 60% of the personal-property tax increment on its data-center servers, capped at $6,820,303 over 10 years, with no increment requested on real property. The primary RDA participation-agreement text and the FY2024 RDA budget PDF could not be extracted in this pass (pdftotext/WebFetch failures on both government PDFs); these terms are as reported by three contemporaneous news outlets (Deseret News, KUTV, KSL), not read directly from the agreement itself.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Data Center Frontier reports SLC-02 as 'The 240,000 square foot facility offers 48 megawatts of capacity, and can be expanded to 60 MW' and describes regional power available at 5.8 cents per kilowatt hour with free-air cooling viable 75-80 percent of the year. No campus-wide MW total was found on a source that was actually read, so capacityMw is omitted rather than assembled from third-party aggregator figures."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "West Jordan Redevelopment Agency participation agreement with Aligned Energy — rebate of the city's municipal energy tax, capped at $5,000,000 over a 10-year period",
        "jurisdiction": "West Jordan, Salt Lake County, UT",
        "year": "2018",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "West Jordan Redevelopment Agency participation agreement with PayPal — 60% rebate of the personal-property tax increment on data-center server equipment, capped at $6,820,303 over a 10-year period (no increment requested on real property)",
        "jurisdiction": "West Jordan, Salt Lake County, UT",
        "year": "2019",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 55,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aligned-west-valley-city-ut",
    "name": "Aligned SLC-04",
    "operator": "Aligned Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.71498,
      "lon": -112.05576,
      "city": "West Valley City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aligneddc.com/salt-lake-city-data-centers/",
        "label": "Aligned Data Centers — Salt Lake City data centers (SLC-04, 6368 W Beagley Rd)",
        "publisher": "Aligned Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvc-ut.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/3376",
        "label": "West Valley City Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget, FY2023-24 — project-area tax-increment ledger",
        "publisher": "West Valley City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. West Valley City's Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget itemizes every currently active RDA/CRA project area by name (5600 West Gateway, East 3500 A, North Central, Jordan River, Willow Wood, Hercules Hill A, Hercules Hill B, Decker Lake, Northwest, Granger Crossing, Southwest, South Redwood Road, Fairbourne/Market St, City Center) with no per-recipient breakout, and none is named for Beagley Road; no city or state filing names Aligned. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aliquippa-data-center-beaver-county-pa",
    "name": "Aliquippa Data Center (former J&L Steel site)",
    "operator": "Five 9s Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6023,
      "lon": -80.2456,
      "city": "Aliquippa",
      "county": "Beaver",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 496
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-27",
        "note": "Project listed as announced; no public land-use records linked to it at that date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://poweredbywho.com/projects/aliquippa-5f9f2231",
        "label": "Aliquippa Data Center, Pennsylvania — project record",
        "publisher": "PoweredByWho",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/pennsylvania",
        "label": "Data Centers in Pennsylvania — Project List & Locations (Five 9s Digital Aliquippa, 496 MW)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/pennsylvania-s-70-billion-race-for-america-s-data-centers",
        "label": "Pennsylvania's $70 Billion Race for America's Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Operator attribution is unsettled and deliberately conservative: Five 9s Digital advertises the site, CB Tech Partners LLC is described as the purported purchaser with ties to Fezzik Energy, and Data Center Knowledge separately describes a Blackstone-backed redevelopment of an abandoned Aliquippa steel mill. Confidence is 'rumored' for that reason. No investment figure is recorded — the reported $25 billion is an entity/regional figure that has not been tied to this site by any source read here. Parcel is not geocoded in the records consulted; coordinates are city-level. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked a project-tracking dossier (2026-09-10) which explicitly states no public records have been linked to this specific project yet ('We haven't linked public records to this project yet') and lists community-organizing groups for several OTHER Pennsylvania data-center fights (Archbald, East Vincent, Limerick, Hanover, Penn Forest) but none for Aliquippa. Only Gov. Josh Shapiro's general 2025 statement that 'developers must generate their own power or pay for the additional draw on the grid' and that 'Pennsylvanians have real concerns about these data centers' is state-level, not specific to this site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "allegheny-dc-springdale-cheswick-pa",
    "name": "Springdale Data Center (former Cheswick Generating Station)",
    "operator": "Allegheny DC Property Co., LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5425,
      "lon": -79.7844,
      "city": "Springdale",
      "county": "Allegheny",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 180
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Conditional use application presented to Springdale planning commission; recommendation delayed to gather studies and resident comment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Springdale Borough Council voted 5-2 on December 16, 2025 to grant Allegheny DC Property Company a conditional use permit for the data center at the former Cheswick Generating Station, moving it past 'proposed'.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wesanews.org/environment-energy/2025-09-29/allegheny-county-springdale-cheswick-data-center-concern",
        "label": "Coal plant to data center: Allegheny County community voices concern",
        "publisher": "90.5 WESA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alleghenyfront.org/allegheny-county-springdale-cheswick-power-plant-community-concern/",
        "label": "From coal plant to data center: An Allegheny County community voices concern",
        "publisher": "The Allegheny Front",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/news-releases/pennsylvania-data-center-plans-face-delays-as-officials-review-former-power-station-project-us",
        "label": "Pennsylvania data center plans face delays as officials review former power station project",
        "publisher": "BlackRidge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alleghenyfront.org/springdale-allegheny-county-data-center-approval/",
        "label": "Springdale data center gets green light",
        "publisher": "The Allegheny Front",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "A 565,000 sq ft data center building plus a 200,000 sq ft cooling and facility-management building on the 47-acre former Cheswick Generating Station site in Springdale Borough. Allegheny DC Property Co., LLC is owned by investment firm Davidson Kempner. The proposal states the facility would be used largely for AI development.",
    "landAcres": 47,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents raised noise, air quality, water use and grid-reliability concerns at planning commission and council hearings; a Change.org petition against the project gathered more than 300 signatures.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-cedar-river-generating-station-ia",
    "name": "Cedar River Generating Station",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9468018,
      "lon": -91.6378945,
      "city": "Cedar Rapids",
      "county": "Linn County",
      "street": "3304 C Street Southwest",
      "postalCode": "52404",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 94
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-09",
        "note": "Alliant Energy announced plans for a 94 MW natural gas generating station of five reciprocating internal combustion engines on the Prairie Creek Generating Station property in southwest Cedar Rapids, with construction expected to begin in early 2026 and operation in 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/02/09/alliant-energy-plans-new-natural-gas-generating-station-cedar-rapids-coal-era-ends/",
        "label": "Alliant Energy plans new natural gas generating station in Cedar Rapids as coal era ends",
        "publisher": "KCRG-TV9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Distinct from Alliant's other tracked Iowa gas projects: Bobcat Energy Center (720 MW, Marshalltown), Riverhawk Energy Center (1,200 MW, Cerro Gordo County) and Morgan Valley Energy Center (unincorporated Linn County, 2030). Status is recorded conservatively as proposed: reporting from February 2026 stated construction was expected to start in early 2026, but no source retrieved this session confirms that construction has actually begun. Coordinates are approximate - the address is the existing Prairie Creek Generating Station, on whose property the new units will sit.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 5,
      "notes": "Five reciprocating internal combustion engine (RICE) units, described by the utility as able to start in about five minutes and ramp quickly. Built on the same property as the Prairie Creek Generating Station, which stopped burning coal at the end of 2025."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-decorah-bess-ia",
    "name": "Decorah Battery Project",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy (Interstate Power and Light)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.3241694,
      "lon": -91.7928804,
      "city": "Decorah",
      "county": "Winneshiek County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-06",
        "note": "2.5 MW battery placed in service on a Decorah circuit with a high concentration of customer-owned solar, storing excess output and releasing it at peak.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/decorah",
        "label": "Decorah Battery Project",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/way/1464602551.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 1464602551 - Decorah Battery (2.5 MW, EIA 64375, in service 2021-06)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Alliant's first Iowa battery project. Secondary reporting describes a 2.9 MWh rating and a $200,000 Iowa Economic Development Authority grant; neither was confirmed against a source retrieved this session, so both are left off the record.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "EIA plant ID 64375. Operates as an 'electron bank' for a distribution circuit dense in customer-owned solar. Performance data is shared with Sandia National Laboratories and Iowa State University's Electric Power Research Center for power-quality research."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-deer-run-bess-ia",
    "name": "Deer Run Battery Energy Storage System",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.951305,
      "lon": -91.6939826,
      "city": "Cedar Rapids",
      "county": "Linn County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-08-02",
        "note": "5 MW battery storage system adjacent to Alliant Energy's Deer Run substation placed in service, doubling the utility's Iowa battery capacity from about 3.5 MW to 8.5 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2022/08/2-deerrunbattery",
        "label": "New battery storage project to power energy transformation in Cedar Rapids",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/way/1177362113.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 1177362113 - Deer Run Battery Storage (5 MW / 10 MWh, EIA 65531)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "One of Alliant's earliest Iowa storage installations, predating the Lansing, Wever, Golden Plains and Whispering Willow North projects already tracked.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "10 MWh of storage per OpenStreetMap/EIA-860 (EIA plant ID 65531); the utility describes it as storing enough electricity to power about 5,000 homes for two hours. Used by Alliant for research on performance, design and grid integration."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-golden-plains-bess-ia",
    "name": "Golden Plains Battery Energy Storage System",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.1825351,
      "lon": -94.209098,
      "county": "Kossuth",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-04",
        "note": "Alliant Energy's project page states the company plans to construct the system; no construction start is announced.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/golden-plains",
        "label": "Golden Plains Battery Energy Storage System — project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/wever",
        "label": "Wever Battery Energy Storage System — project page (names Golden Plains among four Iowa storage projects)",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Coordinate is a county-level approximation for Kossuth County; Alliant does not publish a parcel location. Some secondary reporting projects a December 2026 in-service date, but Alliant's own page states only that it plans to construct the system, so the status is recorded as proposed.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "Planned at Alliant Energy's Golden Plains wind farm with four hours of storage; Alliant says it could power about 80,000 homes for four hours. One of four Iowa storage projects Alliant says will bring its planned Iowa battery capacity to roughly 400 MW."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-lansing-bess-ia",
    "name": "Lansing Battery Energy Storage System",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.3620647,
      "lon": -91.2156355,
      "city": "Lansing",
      "county": "Allamakee",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-02",
        "note": "Allamakee County Board of Supervisors approved the project contingent on a road-use agreement, emergency response plan and surety bond, after Planning and Zoning approval on 2026-02-17 and prior Iowa Utilities Commission approval.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05-06",
        "note": "Site preparation under way — coal-ash soil removal, gravel hauling for leveling and drainage, and concrete pad installation.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/lansing",
        "label": "Lansing Battery Energy Storage System — project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.waukonstandard.com/articles/2026/05/06/preparation-work-continues-lansing-battery-energy-storage-site",
        "label": "Preparation work continues at Lansing battery energy storage site",
        "publisher": "The Standard Newspaper (Waukon)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.waukonstandard.com/articles/2026/03/04/supervisors-approve-alliant-energy-battery-energy-storage-system-project",
        "label": "Supervisors approve Alliant Energy Battery Energy Storage System Project contingent upon road use agreement, emergency response plan, bond and other considerations",
        "publisher": "The Standard Newspaper (Waukon)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Alliant's own project page is dated to August 2026 and describes active site preparation. Coordinate is a town-level approximation; the site is south of Lansing at the former generating station.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "Being built on the site of Alliant Energy's retired Lansing Generating Station, a coal plant that operated for more than 70 years and closed in 2023. Site work includes removing soil containing coal ash under EPA oversight and placing concrete pads. Alliant targets a spring 2027 in-service date. No megawatt rating is published on the operator's project page, so capacityMw is left unset."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-pleasant-creek-solar-ia",
    "name": "Pleasant Creek Solar Project",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy (Interstate Power and Light)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1193687,
      "lon": -91.8020582,
      "county": "Linn County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "First 50 MW began operating March 2024; the remaining 150 MW was placed in service December 2024, making it Iowa's largest solar field.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2025/04/042825-pleasantcreek",
        "label": "Solar field in Linn County generating energy, benefiting Alliant Energy's customers",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/17923393.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap relation 17923393 - Pleasant Creek Solar Project 1 & 2 (200 MW, EIA 67537;67140)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Reported at approximately 1,100 acres in Linn County. Distinct from the tracked Duane Arnold Energy Center (nuclear restart) and from Alliant's battery projects, though co-located with the Duane Arnold site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Developed by Duane Arnold Solar LLC, a NextEra Energy Resources subsidiary, and known as Duane Arnold Solar during development and construction; now owned and operated by Alliant Energy. Sited beside Pleasant Creek Lake, adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center. EIA plant IDs 67537 and 67140."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-west-riverside-energy-center-beloit-wi",
    "name": "West Riverside Energy Center",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5800725,
      "lon": -89.0393972,
      "city": "Beloit",
      "county": "Rock",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 730
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Alliant Energy states the 730 MW natural gas facility entered service in 2020 following a $670 million investment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/natural-gas/west-riverside",
        "label": "Alliant Energy — West Riverside Energy Center (730 MW, natural gas, in service 2020, $670 million)",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=West+Riverside+Energy+Center%2C+Wisconsin&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim named feature \"West Riverside Energy Center, Town of Beloit, Rock County, Wisconsin\" (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "The largest gas generating station in Rock County, in the Town of Beloit — the same township where the Panattoni \"Project Cornmaze\" data center campus and Alliant's proposed $512 million Rock County LNG storage plant are located. Recorded as \"reported\": Alliant's own page is the only substantive source fetched, and it does not mention the separately-reported $52.8 million, seven-engine, +17.5 MW expansion that a Rock County building permit is said to cover, so that expansion is not asserted here. The coordinate is OSM's named feature for the plant itself.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy",
      "notes": "Alliant Energy describes it as \"an advanced technology, highly efficient natural gas facility\" that emits less than half the CO2 of a coal facility, serves about 550,000 homes, and returns more than $3 million a year in shared revenues to local governments."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 670000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "In service 2020. Sited in the Town of Beloit, Rock County, adjacent to the Alliant Energy gas complex on W. B R Townline Road."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-wever-bess-ia",
    "name": "Wever Battery Energy Storage System",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7114884,
      "lon": -91.2304308,
      "city": "Wever",
      "county": "Lee",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 99
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Went into service in January 2026; Alliant says it can power the equivalent of 100,000 homes for four hours.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2026/02/020526-wood_wever_bess",
        "label": "Alliant Energy puts reliability first with large battery storage",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/wever",
        "label": "Wever Battery Energy Storage System — project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Alliant frames the project as meeting growing energy demand and avoiding customer costs from additional transmission and distribution build. Coordinate is a town-level approximation for Wever, Lee County; Alliant's news release names Lee County explicitly.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Charges from the adjacent 150 MW Wever solar project or from other grid sources; four-hour duration, described by the utility as enough to power about 100,000 homes for four hours. Estimated 20-year operational life."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "Four hours of storage duration, sited adjacent to Alliant Energy's 150 MW Wever solar farm. Alliant's February 2026 announcement rounds the rating to 100 MW while the project page states 99 MW; the project page value is recorded here. One of four Iowa storage projects Alliant says will bring its planned Iowa battery capacity to roughly 400 MW."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-wever-solar-ia",
    "name": "Wever Solar Project",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy (Interstate Power and Light)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7191277,
      "lon": -91.2530154,
      "city": "Wever",
      "county": "Lee County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "150 MW solar project placed in service; Alliant's Wever battery storage system was later built adjacent to it and stores power generated by this field.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/20083513.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap relation 20083513 - Wever Solar (150 MW, EIA 67538, in service 2024-11)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/wever",
        "label": "Wever Battery Energy Storage System",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "The generating field itself is not currently tracked; only the co-located battery storage system (alliant-wever-bess-ia) is. Alliant's own storage page confirms the neighbouring solar project's 150 MW rating.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "EIA plant ID 67538. Directly adjacent to Alliant's 99 MW Wever battery energy storage system, which charges from this field. Reported at about 900 acres."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alliant-whispering-willow-north-bess-ia",
    "name": "Whispering Willow North Battery Energy Storage System",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.7635903,
      "lon": -93.3687645,
      "city": "Latimer",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-12-02",
        "note": "Alliant Energy announced construction had started on the 75 MW first phase, with electrical conduit and concrete foundation work under way.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2025/12/120225-franklinctybess-start-construct",
        "label": "Construction underway on battery storage project in Franklin County",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/energy-storage/whispering-willow-north",
        "label": "Whispering Willow North Battery Energy Storage System — project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Alliant states the project exists to meet growing energy demand and boost grid reliability. Coordinate is a town-level approximation for Latimer, Franklin County.",
    "landAcres": 9,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "Phase 1 is 75 MW, targeted for completion in late 2026; a 125 MW second phase is in permitting for 2027, which would bring the site to 200 MW. Built on roughly 9 acres just south of an existing Alliant Energy substation at Eagle Avenue and 170th Street, on the Whispering Willow North wind farm site, with an expected 20-year operating life."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "alpha-technologies-huntington-wv",
    "name": "Alpha Technologies Huntington Headquarters Data Center",
    "operator": "Alpha Technologies",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.419045646836,
      "lon": -82.437058798916,
      "city": "Huntington",
      "county": "Cabell",
      "street": "1225 6th Avenue",
      "postalCode": "25701",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wchstv.com/news/local/alpha-technologies-announces-new-data-center-to-be-built-in-huntington",
        "label": "Alpha Technologies to invest $10M for data center headquarters in Huntington",
        "publisher": "WCHS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://myalphainnovations.com/alpha-cloud/",
        "label": "Alpha Innovations — ALPHA CLOUD data center locations: \"1125 6th Avenue, Huntington, WV 25701\"",
        "publisher": "Alpha Technologies / Alpha Innovations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://downtownhuntington.net/alpha-technologies-to-open-new-it-data-center-in-huntington/",
        "label": "Alpha Technologies To Open New IT Data Center In Huntington — former Appalachian Power Company building at 1125 6th Avenue",
        "publisher": "Downtown Huntington Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Conversion of the former Appalachian Power Company office building into a ~60,000 sq ft Tier III-quality data center, announced 2024-10-30 as Alpha Technologies' new headquarters, expanding from the company's existing South Charleston site. The only dated primary source fetched this run (WCHS, published 2024-10-30) reports construction starting mid-November 2024 with phase 1 targeted for completion by March 2025; unverified secondary summaries suggest the conversion may since be complete, but no dated 2025/2026 primary source confirming operational status was fetched this run, so status is left at under_construction rather than asserting operational on an unfetched claim. One outlet (WV MetroNews/DCD, not independently refetched) gives the street number as 1125 6th Avenue while WCHS and the Census geocoder both resolve 1225 6th Avenue, Huntington, WV 25701 as a valid address -- used 1225 as the geocoded value; the 1125 figure may be a transcription variant. $10M was the announced initial investment for this site.",
    "investmentUsd": 10000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "alpha-technologies-south-charleston-wv",
    "name": "Alpha Technologies South Charleston DC01",
    "operator": "Alpha Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.3530922,
      "lon": -81.6962715,
      "city": "South Charleston",
      "county": "Kanawha",
      "street": "2020 Union Carbide Drive, Building 6000",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://myalphainnovations.com/dc1/",
        "label": "DC1 - High-Performance Data Center - Alpha Innovations",
        "publisher": "Alpha Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/alpha-technologies-south-charleston-dc01/",
        "label": "Alpha Technologies - South Charleston DC01",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Existing operational colocation facility at the West Virginia Regional Technology Park, described by the operator and local coverage as the state's largest data center as of 2024-10 reporting, serving federal/state/local government, healthcare, education and business customers. Serves as the anchor site the company is now expanding from (see the separate Huntington headquarters conversion project). No capacity, square footage, or Tier rating figure was found in the sources checked this run; omitted rather than estimated.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "alterra-development-marshall-mi",
    "name": "Alterra Marshall Technology & Energy Center",
    "operator": "Alterra Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.276,
      "lon": -84.955,
      "city": "Marshall",
      "county": "Calhoun",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1400
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/data-center-gas-generation-plant-proposed-in-marshall-alterra-development-calhoun-county-energy-electricity-water",
        "label": "Data center, gas generation plant proposed in Marshall",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://marshalladvisor.com/articles/news/data-center-being-proposed-in-marshall-begins-due-dilligence-period-with-city/",
        "label": "Data center being proposed in Marshall begins 'due-diligence' period with city",
        "publisher": "Ad-Visor & Chronicle (Marshall Advisor)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/data-centers-michigan-dowagiac-marshall-proposals-track-questions-answers-microsoft-hyperscale-alterra-ai-water-resources-noise-meetings-wwmt",
        "label": "From Dowagiac to Marshall: communities want answers about data centers — “up to 1,400 megawatts”, on-site gas “around 1,000 megawatts”, “up to 400 megawatts from the grid at peak use”",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arcwestmichigan.com/news/local/marshall-data-center-proposal-stuart-lake-brooks-nature-area-gas-generation-plant-energy-scott-wolfersberger-calhoun-county-west-michigan",
        "label": "Marshall mayor answers questions on the data center proposal — names the Marshall Technology and Energy Center",
        "publisher": "ARC West Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/story/data-center-gas-generation-plant-proposed-in-marshall-alterra-development-calhoun-county-energy-electricity-water",
        "label": "Data center, gas generation plant proposed in Marshall",
        "publisher": "WWMT Newschannel 3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/marshall-data-center-moratorium-delays-development-one-year-alterra-brooks-industrial-park-acres-wetland-lake-energy-environment-calhoun-county-west-michigan",
        "label": "Marshall data center moratorium delays development by at least one year",
        "publisher": "WWMT Newschannel 3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Proposed data center (Marshall Technology & Energy Center, MTEC) plus a co-located natural-gas electric generation facility within Brooks Industrial Park, Marshall. WWMT (2026-04) resolves the load split that earlier reporting left open: up to 1,400 MW required at full buildout, around 1,000 MW of that from on-site gas turbines and up to 400 MW imported from the grid at peak — so capacityMw.planned is the campus power requirement and the 1 GW plant is carried both in energy.onSiteGenerationMw and as its own power_generation record. ~270 acres (112 buildable), roughly half wetlands. Alterra (Toronto-based) estimates 300-500 direct high-skill jobs. Mayor Wolfersberger (2026-01) called it \"just a concept\" with \"no site plans or utility agreements yet\"; due diligence runs into Q3 2026, then construction is \"probably 18 months to two years away\" if approved. Land is already zoned heavy industrial, so no public referendum is required (unlike Augusta Township). Planned closed-loop liquid cooling. Coordinates are an approximate Marshall-area estimate, not parcel-geocoded; the LDFA purchase price ($1.12M) is for land only, not a project investment figure. capacityMw and jobs deliberately left unfilled rather than normalized: the source gives a ceiling ('up to 1,400 megawatts') and a range ('300 to 500 skilled jobs') that does not distinguish construction from permanent. The $1.12M is the land purchase price, not project investment. Figures recorded here for a maintainer to promote if the hedged forms are acceptable.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 1000,
      "notes": "At full buildout the campus could require up to 1,400 MW: roughly 1,000 MW from a co-located natural-gas turbine plant on site, plus up to 400 MW imported from the grid at peak. The generation plant is tracked separately as alterra-marshall-technology-energy-center-gas-mi."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a closed-loop liquid cooling system intended to minimize water use; the Marshall mayor put daily use at about 2,000 gallons a day."
    },
    "landAcres": 270,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "City of Marshall reworking noise ordinances ahead of the project; public concern over noise, emissions, and impact on Stuart Lake and an adjacent city-owned nature preserve."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "alterra-marshall-technology-energy-center-gas-mi",
    "name": "Marshall Technology & Energy Center Gas Generation",
    "operator": "Alterra Development",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.276,
      "lon": -84.955,
      "city": "Marshall",
      "county": "Calhoun",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Alterra Development entered a purchase agreement with the City of Marshall for 270 acres in Brooks Industrial Park, proposing a data center alongside a co-located natural-gas generation plant.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Alterra has dropped the proposed on-site natural-gas generation plant from the Marshall project; the data center itself remains proposed and is separately subject to a 365-day city moratorium.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/data-centers-michigan-dowagiac-marshall-proposals-track-questions-answers-microsoft-hyperscale-alterra-ai-water-resources-noise-meetings-wwmt",
        "label": "From Dowagiac to Marshall: communities want answers about data centers — “up to 1,400 megawatts”, on-site gas “around 1,000 megawatts”, “up to 400 megawatts from the grid at peak use”",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arcwestmichigan.com/news/local/marshall-data-center-proposal-stuart-lake-brooks-nature-area-gas-generation-plant-energy-scott-wolfersberger-calhoun-county-west-michigan",
        "label": "Marshall mayor answers questions on the data center proposal — names the Marshall Technology and Energy Center",
        "publisher": "ARC West Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/marshall-data-center-moratorium-delays-development-one-year-alterra-brooks-industrial-park-acres-wetland-lake-energy-environment-calhoun-county-west-michigan",
        "label": "Marshall data center moratorium delays development by at least one year",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edraofmi.org/marshall?blogcategory=EGLE",
        "label": "Stop the Marshall Megasite!",
        "publisher": "EDRA of Michigan (advocacy organization)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08",
    "notes": "Natural-gas turbine generation proposed on the same Brooks Industrial Park site as the Alterra Marshall data center, sized at “around 1,000 megawatts” to carry most of the campus load, with up to 400 MW imported from the grid at peak. Split into its own record per the project's same-site power+compute convention. Still conceptual as of 2026-01 — no site plans or utility agreements — and subject to Michigan air-permitting and local review that no fetched source shows as begun. Coordinates mirror the compute record's approximate Marshall-area point, not a siting-confirmed location.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents chanted opposition at a packed Marshall-area Local Development Finance Authority meeting after the city's October 2025 land deal with Alterra Development became public, citing lack of advance notice and impacts to the adjacent Brooks Wetland; Marshall City Council approved a 365-day moratorium on data-center approvals in August 2026, and the Michigan advocacy group EDRA of Michigan has organized against the project, calling for local ordinances and city-council recalls. No documented resident or community support for the project was found in the sources reviewed.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Alterra Development",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "alterra-development-marshall-mi"
      ],
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter generation intended to serve the co-located Marshall Technology & Energy Center data center campus; the developer has also said the plant would contribute to the grid."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-becker-mn",
    "name": "Amazon Becker Data Center (Suspended)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.397,
      "lon": -93.876,
      "city": "Becker",
      "county": "Sherburne",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Amazon purchased 348 acres near Xcel Energy's retiring Sherco coal plant in Becker for $73.5M; multibillion-dollar data center planned as economic replacement for coal plant jobs",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Amazon suspended plans citing 'uncertain' permit and utility agreement timelines; Minnesota lawmakers simultaneously reduced sales tax exemptions on electricity for large data center facilities",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.startribune.com/amazon-suspends-minnesota-data-center-as-lawmakers-plan-to-reduce-big-tech-tax-breaks/601359665",
        "label": "Amazon suspends Minnesota data center as lawmakers plan to reduce Big Tech tax breaks",
        "publisher": "Star Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-web-services-suspends-plans-for-minnesota-data-center/",
        "label": "Amazon Web Services suspends plans for Minnesota data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://knsiradio.com/2024/11/14/amazon-purchases-348-acres-in-becker-for-data-center-development-near-retiring-sherco-plant/",
        "label": "KNSI Radio — Amazon purchases 348 acres in Becker",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Amazon has not officially sold the 348-acre parcel and has not ruled out revisiting the project; 'cancelled' reflects indefinite suspension with no restart timeline. Near Xcel Energy's Sherburne County (Sherco) generating station, slated for retirement by 2030. Second major tech retreat from Becker after Google abandoned a $600M project in 2022. Star Tribune primary source was rate-limited (HTTP 429) at time of verification; story confirmed by Data Center Dynamics and multiple other outlets.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Xcel Energy"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 348,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Project was economically critical for Becker as replacement for Sherco coal plant tax base (~$5M of $12M school district budget). State officials described suspension as a 'gut punch' for the community. Amazon retaining the land.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-blackwell-road-warrenton-va",
    "name": "Blackwell Road Data Center (Warrenton)",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.72948224074257,
      "lon": -77.78753470617198,
      "city": "Warrenton",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-04-01",
        "note": "Town of Warrenton SUP-22-3 site plan approved with 27 conditions, April 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/warrenton-town-staff-approves-site-plan-for-220-000-square-foot-amazon-data-center-project/article_13b53e3e-fe67-11ee-81ce-b361084ba5ae.html",
        "label": "Warrenton town staff approves site plan for Amazon data center (SUP-22-3)",
        "publisher": "Fauquier Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/wp-content/uploads/warrenton-amazon-data-center-town-hall-faq-handout-10-26-22.pdf",
        "label": "Amazon Blackwell Frequently Asked Questions (Town of Warrenton / PEC town hall handout)",
        "publisher": "Piedmont Environmental Council / Town of Warrenton",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://agol.gis.fauquiercounty.gov:6443/arcgis/rest/services/CAMA/Fauquier_Operational_Layers_VisionCAMA/MapServer/32",
        "label": "Fauquier County CAMA/Tax Parcels GIS layer — parcel 6984-69-2419-000, owner Amazon Data Services Inc, site address 719 Blackwell Rd",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "Town of Warrenton SUP-22-3; 220,000 sq ft on 42 acres; site plan approved with 27 conditions (Apr 2024).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "landAcres": 42,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Warrenton town staff approved the site plan (Apr 2024) over public criticism from opposition groups Protect Fauquier and Citizens for Fauquier County, who said the process was rushed and ignored citizen concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-bridgefield-tech-center-ashburn-loudoun-va",
    "name": "Bridgefield Tech Center",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.029784,
      "lon": -77.4744148,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-03",
        "note": "Amazon filed plans with Loudoun County for a four-building, 800,000 sq ft data center campus on the former GWU Virginia Science and Technology Campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-looks-to-build-800000-sq-ft-data-center-campus-at-gwu-site-in-ashburn-virginia/",
        "label": "AWS looks to build 800,000 sq ft data center campus at GWU site in Ashburn, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/amazon-data-centers-gwu-ashburn/",
        "label": "Amazon data center campus plan for Ashburn hits Loudoun opposition",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wtop.com/loudoun-county/2026/08/concrete-jungle-as-amazon-details-plans-for-new-ashburn-data-centers-some-residents-are-fed-up/",
        "label": "'Concrete jungle': As Amazon details plans for new Ashburn data centers, some residents are fed up",
        "publisher": "WTOP News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "investmentUsd": 427000000,
    "landAcres": 122,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-data-services-reno-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Amazon Data Services Reno Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.517683,
      "lon": -119.479421,
      "city": "Sparks",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "3800 Peru Drive",
      "postalCode": "89437",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-23",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-06",
        "note": "NNDA announced Amazon had begun local hiring; AWS said 'As our first buildings come online, we are focused on hiring locally.'",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ndep.nv.gov/uploads/documents/ap7374-4768-proposed-action.pdf",
        "label": "NDEP Notice of Proposed Action - Amazon Data Services, Inc., Class I Air Quality OPTC AP7374-4768, 3800 Peru Drive, Sparks NV",
        "publisher": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ndep.nv.gov/uploads/documents/ap7374-4768-directors-review.pdf",
        "label": "NDEP Director's Review and Preliminary Determination - Amazon facility, Storey County, Nevada",
        "publisher": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/68aeb708d74bf84e3f77d2c6/69ab0bd143dbba8b5dc76824_NNDA%20Announces%20Hiring%20Event%20and%20Economic%20Opportunity%20for%20Amazon%20Data%20Center%202026.pdf",
        "label": "NNDA press release: Hiring Event and Economic Opportunity for Amazon Data Center, Storey County (March 6, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Northern Nevada Development Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newprojectmedia.com/origination-nv-energy-seeks-large-load-approvals-for-aws-prologis-novva-and-fleet-data-centers/",
        "label": "NV Energy seeks large-load approvals for AWS, Prologis, Novva and Fleet data centers",
        "publisher": "New Project Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Located in the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center approximately 15 miles east of Reno, in all or portions of Sections 10, 11, 14 and 15, T19N R22E, MDB&M. NNDA states the project sits at Switch's Citadel Campus; it is tracked separately here because Amazon Data Services, Inc. holds its own air permit, address and buildings. Coordinates are a street-level approximation from OpenStreetMap's Peru Drive geometry - no parcel-confirmed point was published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NV Energy (Sierra Pacific Power Company)",
      "notes": "NV Energy opened a PUCN docket on 2026-05-27 seeking approval of a Large Load Electric Service Agreement with Amazon Data Services, Inc. for electric service to future data center facilities in Sparks, Nevada."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "AWS Global VP of Datacenter Operations and Delivery Kerry Person, March 2026: 'Our facilities in Reno will rely on direct air cooling the majority of the time. When water is required, it will come from an allotment specifically designated for industrial use.' Recorded as hybrid rather than air because the design uses water seasonally; no recirculating-circuit detail is published."
    },
    "emissions": {
      "unitsCovered": "358 standby diesel-fired emergency generators, including main generators 1-342 rated 3,490 kW each (MTU/Rolls-Royce 20V4000G94S)",
      "permitNumber": "AP7374-4768",
      "permitType": "state_construction",
      "issuingAgency": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection - Bureau of Air Pollution Control",
      "notes": "Class I Air Quality Operating Permit to Construct. Notice of Proposed Action issued 2026-01-23 (FIN A2648); written comments accepted until 2026-03-02. No permitted tonnage figures are recorded here because none were read this session.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-devlin-tech-park-va",
    "name": "Amazon Devlin Technology Park",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.724,
      "lon": -77.558,
      "city": "Bristow",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-01",
        "note": "Stanley Martin Homes assembled 270-acre site and applied for rezoning for up to 3.5 million sq ft of data center use",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-11",
        "note": "County Board approved rezoning; circuit court upheld 2024; Virginia Court of Appeals upheld September 2025. Amazon purchased 188.5 acres (70% of park) from Stanley Martin for $700M on November 5, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/amazon-buys-189-acres-in-prince-william-tech-park-for-700m/",
        "label": "Amazon buys 189 acres in Prince William tech park for $700M",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-pays-700m-for-planned-data-center-site-in-virginias-prince-william-county-report/",
        "label": "Amazon pays $700M for planned data center site in Virginia's Prince William County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "$700M land purchase is among the highest ever for undeveloped land in the US. Zoning allows up to 3.5 million sq ft of data center space and three substations. Adjacent to Microsoft's Bristow campus parcel. Coordinates approximate for northwest corner of Devlin and Linton Hall roads.",
    "investmentUsd": 700000000,
    "landAcres": 188.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Bristow residents organized and challenged rezoning in court unsuccessfully. Site is adjacent to schools and homes. County is currently weighing whether to remove the data center overlay district entirely.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-gilroy-ca",
    "name": "Amazon AWS Gilroy Data Center",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.997,
      "lon": -121.541,
      "city": "Gilroy",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "8050 Camino Arroyo",
      "postalCode": "95020",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 98
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2020-11",
        "note": "Permit application initially received by City of Gilroy; Amazon purchased 56-acre site for $31.3M in 2020",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Gilroy Community Development Director Sharon Goei approved Phase 1 (218,000 sq ft building, 49MW PG&E connection) on July 3, 2025; appeal filed July 21, 2025, withdrawn August 18, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Grading permit issued December 11, 2025; building permit issued March 19, 2026; City of Gilroy project listing shows status as Under Construction",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-data-services-gains-approval-for-data-center-on-56-acres-in-gilroy-california/",
        "label": "Amazon Data Services Gains Approval for Data Center on 56 Acres in Gilroy, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityofgilroy.org/1019/Gilroy-Data-Center-by-AWS",
        "label": "Gilroy Data Center (by Amazon Web Services) — Official City Project Page",
        "publisher": "City of Gilroy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gilroydispatch.com/data-center-set-for-construction-in-east-gilroy/",
        "label": "Data Center Set for Construction in East Gilroy",
        "publisher": "Gilroy Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/amazon-data-center-investment-community-impact",
        "label": "Amazon data center investment: local jobs, education, sustainability",
        "publisher": "Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gilroydispatch.com/guest-view-what-amazon-didnt-tell-you-and-what-happened-when-we-asked/",
        "label": "Guest View: What Amazon didn't tell you (Gilroy data center FEIR water figures)",
        "publisher": "Gilroy Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cityofgilroy.org/1019/Gilroy-Data-Center-by-AWS",
        "label": "Gilroy Data Center (by Amazon Web Services) — City of Gilroy project page",
        "publisher": "City of Gilroy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Status updated to under_construction: grading permit issued December 11, 2025; building permit issued March 19, 2026; City of Gilroy lists project as Under Construction as of July 2026. Site at 8050 Camino Arroyo in east Gilroy along Hwy 101. Full build-out: 438,000 sq ft across 56 acres. Amazon cites a ~$2 billion investment for the Gilroy project (recorded as investmentUsd); its broader Northern California investment of ~$5.1B and ~1,890 jobs since 2009 is regional and not attributable to this site. The 2020 land purchase was $31.3M. Operational job figures conflict and are unconfirmed: the FEIR says employment 'may grow to 50 full-time employees' (a ceiling), the permit application lists 25, and Amazon's promotional materials cite ~90 on-site; the construction workforce is not disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)",
      "notes": "Phase 1: 49MW PG&E grid connection. Potential 50MW Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) on-site. Phase 2 adds a second 218,000 sq ft building with alternative backup power solutions. Total planned capacity ~98MW across both phases."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "reportedMgd": 0.016,
      "notes": "Final EIR-certified use is 23 acre-feet/year total (~7.49 million gallons/yr) at full build-out — 18 AFY for cooling (~0.016 MGD), 3 AFY landscaping, 2 AFY domestic (FEIR p.186); drawn from Gilroy potable supply pending a recycled-water pipeline. Evaporative cooling is triggered only when outdoor temperature exceeds 83F (~3% of the year). Amazon's promotional figure of ~4 million gallons/yr (~36 households) is roughly half the FEIR-certified total and is disputed in a CEQA challenge; Amazon says it aims for 100% reclaimed cooling water by 2030."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 56,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Organized resident opposition active. Concerns cited: utility cost spikes, noise, fire and explosion risk from large-scale lithium BESS, and objection to AI use. An appeal was filed July 21, 2025, subsequently withdrawn August 18, 2025. Opponents requested Amazon guarantee the facility would not be used exclusively for AI workloads.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-pecos-county-data-center-tx",
    "name": "Amazon Pecos County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.8981,
      "lon": -102.8779,
      "county": "Pecos",
      "street": "6000 TX-18",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/amazon-files-plans-for-new-data-center-buildings-in-texas-across-three-sites",
        "label": "Amazon Files Plans for New Data Center Buildings in Texas",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-pecos-county-texas-data-center-clean-energy-jobs",
        "label": "Amazon's planned data center campus in Pecos County, Texas: Read Amazon's statement",
        "publisher": "About Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Three buildings (A, B, C), 189,060 sq ft / $300M each ($900M total this phase), at 6000 TX-18, ~11 miles north of Fort Stockton; construction planned Aug-Dec 2026. To be powered initially off-grid by the adjacent Pacifico Energy 'GW Ranch' gas plant (already tracked as gw-ranch-pacifico-energy-pecos-county-tx) with a path to future grid interconnection; distinct facility/operator from that power_generation record and from Microsoft's and Core Scientific's separate Pecos County campuses.",
    "investmentUsd": 900000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-perry-township-stark-oh",
    "name": "Amazon Perry Township Data Center",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7517,
      "lon": -81.4,
      "city": "Canton",
      "county": "Stark",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 240
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ideastream.org/environment-energy/2026-04-15/some-stark-county-residents-skeptical-of-developers-answers-on-data-center-project",
        "label": "Ideastream: Perry Township data-center project; 240 MW, Panattoni developer, Clayco GC; residents skeptical",
        "publisher": "Ideastream Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bluewaterhealthyliving.com/news/national-news/ohio/open-house-for-perry-township-data-center-sheds-light-on-incoming-user/",
        "label": "Open house sheds light on incoming user (cites Canton Repository confirmation of Amazon as end-user)",
        "publisher": "Bluewater Healthy Living",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/we-follow-through/as-data-center-proposals-spread-across-stark-county-neighbors-fear-whats-next",
        "label": "News 5 Cleveland: data-center proposals across Stark County",
        "publisher": "News 5 Cleveland",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "240 MW hyperscale campus on ~105 acres at Faircrest St SW & Kropf Ave SW, Perry Township (Canton). Panattoni bought the land Feb 2025 (Clayco GC); excavation underway; two 220,000 sq ft + two 154,000 sq ft buildings targeted for ~April 2028. Amazon was confirmed as the end-user by the Stark County commission president and Canton's mayor to the Canton Repository after Panattoni initially withheld the tenant. Perry Township approved a 30-year, 75% property-tax abatement in March 2026. Coordinates approximate (township-level). Developer: Panattoni Development Co.",
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Some Perry Township / Stark County residents publicly skeptical of the developer's answers (noise, water, growth); the township nonetheless approved the tax abatement.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-potomac-church-fredericksburg-va",
    "name": "Potomac Church Technology Center",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.411322338680904,
      "lon": -77.4042471172777,
      "city": "Fredericksburg",
      "county": "Stafford",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-18",
        "note": "Proffer amendment deferred June 2026 amid road damage, generator emissions, and water-sharing concerns.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.staffordcountyva.gov",
        "label": "Stafford County zoning/substation case — Potomac Church",
        "publisher": "Stafford County VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/06/18/stafford-supervisors-defer-amazon-data-center-proffer-amendment-amid-road-damage-generator-emissions-and-water-sharing-concerns/",
        "label": "Stafford supervisors defer Amazon data center proffer amendment",
        "publisher": "Potomac Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "49.9 acres, 510,000 sq ft AWS campus; proffer amendment deferred June 2026. Distinct from AWS's Caroline County 'Mattermeade' campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 49.9,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Stafford Board of Supervisors deferred (did not approve) the Amazon Potomac Church proffer amendment on June 18, 2026, citing road damage, generator emissions, and water-sharing concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon-project-rainier-new-carlisle-in",
    "name": "Amazon Project Rainier",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6978,
      "lon": -86.5117,
      "city": "New Carlisle",
      "county": "St. Joseph",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2200,
      "operational": 590
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (Indiana Michigan Power) + natural gas",
    "announcedDate": "2024-04-25",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-04-25",
        "note": "Gov. Holcomb announced $11B AWS data center campus; 1,200-acre site",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-09",
        "note": "Construction began; seven of 32 planned buildings completed within 7 months",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Phase 1 online with ~500,000 Trainium2 chips; primary compute for Anthropic's Claude models; 18 buildings operational",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/29/amazon-opens-11-billion-ai-data-center-project-rainier-in-indiana.html",
        "label": "Amazon opens $11B AI data center Project Rainier in Indiana — CNBC",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://iedc.in.gov/events/news/details/2024/04/25/gov.-holcomb-announces-amazon-web-services-plans-to-invest-11b-to-create-a-new-data-center-campus-in-northern-indiana",
        "label": "Gov. Holcomb announces AWS plans to invest $11B in Northern Indiana — IEDC",
        "publisher": "Indiana Economic Development Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/incentives-approved-for-amazon-data-center-project",
        "label": "Incentives approved for Amazon data center project",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/st-joseph-county-leaders-approve-11bn-amazon-data-center-in-indiana/",
        "label": "St. Joseph County leaders approve $11bn Amazon data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://measuredai.substack.com/p/aws-new-carlisle-data-center-campus",
        "label": "AWS New Carlisle Data Center Campus: Project Rainier",
        "publisher": "Measured AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/wetland-impact-idem-sends-letter-halts-some-work-over-amazons-data-center-construction-impact",
        "label": "IDEM halts some work over Amazon's unauthorized wetland impacts",
        "publisher": "WSBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazons-project-rainier-starts-operations-create-jobs-ai-billion-dollar-project-near-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana",
        "label": "Amazon's 'Project Rainier' starts operations in New Carlisle",
        "publisher": "WSBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Indiana Michigan Power (AEP)",
      "notes": "Served by Indiana Michigan Power, an AEP subsidiary. Amazon states it matches consumption with 100% renewable energy; local grid mix is largely nuclear and coal. AEP is acquiring a natural gas plant in Ohio to help serve the load via the grid."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "reportedMgd": 1.58,
      "notes": "Outside-air (free) cooling for roughly 98% of operating hours, running essentially chiller-free. 1.58 MGD is the Phase 1 permitted cooling-water discharge cap (average discharge ~0.8 MGD). Full-campus water use is not publicly disclosed by AWS; residents have raised aquifer-withdrawal concerns."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "10-year 50% real property tax abatement (three parcels)",
        "jurisdiction": "St. Joseph County, Indiana",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "program": "85% personal property tax exemption on computing equipment (35-year term)",
        "jurisdiction": "St. Joseph County, Indiana",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 11000000000,
    "landAcres": 1200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 600,
      "permanent": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "IDEM cited Amazon and its contractor for unauthorized wetland impacts and halted work in affected areas pending Section 401 water-quality recertification; a April 2025 public hearing drew 100+ residents opposing a pending wetland-fill permit near Bendix Woods County Park, with concerns over aquifer depletion and utility rates. Amazon separately committed a ~$143M community enhancement agreement to St. Joseph County.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "american-bitcoin-niagara-falls-ny",
    "name": "American Bitcoin — Niagara Falls (\"Alpha Site\")",
    "operator": "American Bitcoin (Hut 8)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.082124888357896,
      "lon": -79.03094758819105,
      "city": "Niagara Falls",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hut8.com/our-platform",
        "label": "Hut 8 — Our Platform",
        "publisher": "Hut 8",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/business/2023/02/07/bitcoin-miners-hut-8-us-bitcoin-corp-announce-merger",
        "label": "Bitcoin Miners Hut 8, US Bitcoin Corp Announce Merger",
        "publisher": "CoinDesk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/04/05/us-bitcoin-corp-expected-to-settle-with-city-to-resume-mining-in-niagara-falls",
        "label": "US Bitcoin Corp Expected to Settle With City to Resume Mining in Niagara Falls",
        "publisher": "CoinDesk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/us-bitcoin-corp-reaches-tentative-settlement-with-city-of-niagara-falls",
        "label": "US Bitcoin Corp Reaches Tentative Settlement With City Of Niagara Falls To Restart Operations",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "2450 Buffalo Avenue, Niagara Falls, NY. Formerly operated as \"US Data Mining Group\"/\"US Bitcoin Corp\" (informally \"Alpha Site\"); that entity merged into Hut 8 in 2024, and the site is now operated under American Bitcoin, Hut 8's mining subsidiary/spinoff, hosting Ionic Digital miners under a managed-services arrangement tied to the Celsius bankruptcy. Operator recorded here reflects the current post-merger entity, not the stale pre-2024 name. Coordinates are an approximate industrial-corridor geocode of the street address, not an independently confirmed parcel pin.",
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The site (operated as US Bitcoin Corp before the Hut 8 merger) was shut down by a state Supreme Court justice who found the operators in contempt of a prior court order over noise. A tentative settlement with the City of Niagara Falls in April 2023 let it restart, subject to a 65 dB noise limit, permit applications under the city's new 'high energy usage overlay district', a $50,000 non-refundable upfront fee and a $100,000 compliance fee.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "american-tower-edc-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "American Tower EDC Oklahoma (Oklahoma City)",
    "operator": "American Tower",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.5896,
      "lon": -97.4934,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "1309 NE 122nd St",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Construction-ready edge data center; delivery stated as 18 months from anchor lease signing.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "Where are data centers being built across Oklahoma?",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Map — American Tower EDC Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Edge data center on an 83.5-acre site at 1309 NE 122nd Street, Oklahoma City. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "landAcres": 83.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "american-tower-mount-royal-east-greenwich-nj",
    "name": "Mt. Royal Data Storage Facility",
    "operator": "American Tower",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.8101134,
      "lon": -75.2112925,
      "city": "East Greenwich Township",
      "county": "Gloucester",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Applicant withdrew the application before a scheduled 30 June 2026 meeting; East Greenwich Township then adopted an ordinance prohibiting future data center development.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/after-a-data-center-proposal-new-jersey-town-bans-them",
        "label": "'After a Data Center Proposal, New Jersey Town Bans Them' — Government Technology, 12 June 2026",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Mount+Royal,+East+Greenwich+Township,+Gloucester+County,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap locality record for Mount Royal, East Greenwich Township, Gloucester County NJ 08061, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "American Tower proposed a 16,000 sq ft data storage facility, roughly 21 feet tall, with about 3,500 sq ft of power-equipment housing and nearly 4 megawatts of power, in the Mount Royal section of East Greenwich Township. The megawatt figure is reported as 'nearly 4' rather than an exact value, so capacityMw is omitted. No parcel address appears in the public reporting; coordinates are the Mount Royal locality centroid and must not be read as a site pin.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "american-tower-pike-township-indianapolis-in",
    "name": "American Tower Pike Township Data Center",
    "operator": "American Tower Corporation",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.9241559,
      "lon": -86.2030783,
      "city": "Indianapolis",
      "county": "Marion",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "American Tower pulled its mid-size data center proposal out of the Indianapolis zoning process after neighborhood opposition; residents noted the developer could refile later.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/american-tower-corporation-withdraws-data-051459463.html",
        "label": "American Tower Corporation withdraws data center plans in Pike Township",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Site described as near 79th Street and Township Line Road in Pike Township. No acreage, capacity or investment figure was published. Coordinates are the Township Line Road corridor in Pike Township, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents plus local and state lawmakers opposed the rezoning. City-County Councilor Leroy Robinson said: 'When the people who elect us stand up and say, we don't want something, we have to support the people.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "american-tower-pinellas-park-fl",
    "name": "American Tower Pinellas Park Data Processing Facility",
    "operator": "American Tower",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.869841,
      "lon": -82.743196,
      "city": "Pinellas Park",
      "county": "Pinellas",
      "street": "10700 76th Court North",
      "postalCode": "33777",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "American Tower filed a permit request and held a pre-development meeting with Pinellas Park for a small-scale data processing facility; conditional-use approval and at least two public meetings are required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/boston-developer-files-building-permit-pinellas-park-data-center",
        "label": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay — American Tower files building permit for a data center at 10700 76th Court North, Pinellas Park: half-acre lot, demolition of an existing building, eight-foot security fence, four generator pads",
        "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baynews9.com/fl/tampa/news/2026/06/18/data-center-developer-proposes-building-in-pinellas-park",
        "label": "Bay News 9 — American Tower proposes a data center on the northwestern edge of Pinellas Park, east of Belcher Road; under half an acre; at least two public meetings required",
        "publisher": "Spectrum Bay News 9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=10700+76th+Court+North%2C+Pinellas+Park%2C+FL&format=json&limit=5&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode of 10700 76th Court North, Pinellas Park, Pinellas County, FL 33777 → 27.8698410, -82.7431960",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "A deliberately small facility: the developer told the city it would be roughly \"2% of the size of a hyperscale data center\" and need \"about 2% of the power those facilities consume.\" No MW figure has been disclosed, so none is recorded. Requires conditional-use approval after a public hearing; the nearest residence is under a quarter-mile away.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "american-tower-reedy-creek-charlotte-nc",
    "name": "American Tower Reedy Creek Data Center (East Charlotte)",
    "operator": "American Tower",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2703,
      "lon": -80.7229,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-23",
        "note": "Rezoning petition for a data center on 10 acres of American Tower's 58-acre property near the Reedy Creek Nature Preserve; public hearing deferred to the following month.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfae.org/energy-environment/2026-04-23/east-charlotte-residents-protest-data-center-development-during-rezoning-hearing",
        "label": "East Charlotte residents protest data center development during rezoning hearing",
        "publisher": "WFAE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a nature-preserve-level approximation; the parcel is described only as adjacent to Reedy Creek Nature Preserve. The company says the facility would consume about 2% of the power a hyperscale facility uses, but no MW figure is published. Distinct from the tracked Digital Realty (west Charlotte), PowerHouse and T5 Charlotte sites.",
    "landAcres": 10,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents protested outside the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Government Center and said they received no direct communication about the project; the petitioner deferred the public hearing to allow more community engagement.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "anchorstone-58-east-data-campus-ringgold-va",
    "name": "58 East Data Campus (Route 58 East Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "Anchorstone Advisors LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.6048,
      "lon": -79.2905,
      "city": "Ringgold",
      "county": "Pittsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-11-14",
        "note": "permitted per Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors rezoning approval (7/16/2024) + Board of Zoning Appeals Special Use Permit approval",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2024/07/17/pittsylvania-county-approves-its-first-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors rezoning approval (7/16/2024) + Board of Zoning Appeals Special Use Permit approval",
        "publisher": "Cardinal News (reporting county board action)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/virginias-pittsylvania-supervisors-approve-rezoning-of-945-acres-for-data-center/",
        "label": "Pittsylvania supervisors approve rezoning of 945 acres for data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://showcasemagazine.com/2024/11/15/permit-approved-for-ringgold-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Permit approved for Ringgold data center campus",
        "publisher": "Showcase Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/950-acre-data-center-campus-proposed-in-pittsylvania-county-virginia/",
        "label": "950-acre data center campus proposed in Pittsylvania County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Also referred to in some coverage as 'Route 58 East Data Center Campus'. Board of Zoning Appeals granted the Special Use Permit under the county's new M-2 heavy-industrial data-center-by-SUP ordinance (adopted May 21, 2024). Construction of phase 1 targeted mid-2025 to early 2026 per developer statements at time of approval; up to ~5 buildings, 200MW with room for expansion, ~$4-5B projected investment, build-out over ~10 years. Coordinates are town-centroid for Ringgold, VA (approximate) — exact parcel not geocoded from a parcel ID in sources reviewed this session. Pittsylvania County's first data-center rezoning (~945 ac off US-58, Ringgold), approved 2024 per Cardinal News; ~$5B investment and ~200 MW are reported estimates from secondary coverage (not in the primary) — omitted as structured figures pending a county case doc.",
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 945.75,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Pittsylvania BOS approved the rezoning unanimously (July 2024), but residents living near the Ringgold parcel spoke against the project at both the Board and Planning Commission meetings, citing noise and light pollution.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "andover-hpc-development-nj",
    "name": "Andover HPC Data Center (former Newton Airport Site)",
    "operator": "Andover HPC Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0419,
      "lon": -74.7381,
      "city": "Andover",
      "county": "Sussex",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (undisclosed utility)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Andover Township approves ordinance allowing data centers in redevelopment zone along Route 206; associated with Andover HPC Development (Delaware LLC, registered NJ December 2025) and former Newton Airport property",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Township raises height limit to 65 feet in redevelopment zone; residents file legal challenge alleging ordinances benefit single developer; no formal application submitted to land use board",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/old-new-jersey-airport-could-house-new-ai-data-center",
        "label": "Old New Jersey Airport Could House New AI Data Center",
        "publisher": "GovTech",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate for Andover Township, Sussex County; exact parcel at 248 Stickles Pond Road. Former Newton Airport closed 2013. No capacity MW disclosed. PILOT estimate of $4.5-5.2M annual revenue cited by mayor. Town moving to ban all data centers as of May 2026, but no project has been formally cancelled since no application was filed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "JCP&L (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "No power arrangements disclosed. Governor's PILOT framework would require data centers to bring own power generation. Site is 97 acres."
    },
    "landAcres": 97,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents allege two ordinances (Sept 2025, April 2026) were illegally tailored to benefit a single developer. Legal challenge filed April 24, 2026 alleging violation of NJ Municipal Land Use Law. Andover Township voted in May 2026 to ban all data centers following intense community backlash. No formal site plan or application has been filed with the land use board.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aphorio-carter-collierville-tn",
    "name": "Collierville Enterprise Data Center (FedEx World Technology Center Campus)",
    "operator": "Aphorio Carter",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.04204,
      "lon": -89.66453,
      "city": "Collierville",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/aphorio-carter-acquires-data-center-in-collierville-tn-301983903.html",
        "label": "Aphorio Carter Acquires Data Center in Collierville, TN",
        "publisher": "Aphorio Carter (via PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/memphis",
        "label": "Memphis Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "capacityMw checked 2026-09-09 and left unset: the only power figure published for this site is 10 MW of generator backup, which is standby capacity, not critical IT load, and directory listings that print \"10 MW\" are restating that same backup figure. The building is 100% net leased to a single tenant, so no operator capacity sheet exists.",
    "investmentUsd": 13000000,
    "landAcres": 4.62,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "apollo-power-generation-facility-wood-oh",
    "name": "Apollo Power Generation Facility",
    "operator": "Will-Power OH, LLC (The Williams Companies)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.432673,
      "lon": -83.6290476,
      "city": "Middleton Township",
      "county": "Wood",
      "street": "Mercer Road and Middleton Pike, Middleton Township",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 350
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02-03",
        "note": "Ohio Power Siting Board approved construction (case 25-973-EL-BGN) with 34 conditions.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Construction began on or about Feb. 9, 2026; partial operation expected mid-2027, full capacity late 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sciotopost.com/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-new-350-mw-natural-gas-power-plant-in-wood-county/",
        "label": "Ohio Power Siting Board approves new 350 MW natural gas power plant in Wood County",
        "publisher": "Scioto Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bgindependentmedia.org/power-plant-for-meta-data-center-in-wood-county-fast-tracked-approved-with-no-public-hearings/",
        "label": "Power plant for Meta data center in Wood County fast tracked – approved by state with no public hearings",
        "publisher": "BG Independent News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "147-acre site at the intersection of Ohio 582 and Mercer Road in Middleton Township. Coordinates are a road-level geocode, not a parcel centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "~120 MW of co-located battery energy storage; plant operates behind-the-meter, not interconnected to the regional grid."
    },
    "landAcres": 147,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Approved through an expedited letter-of-notification process with no public hearings; 14 residents filed written opposition comments.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-middleton-township-oh"
      ],
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter: all generation serves the load of the adjacent data center campus and is not connected to the grid. Includes approximately 120 MW of battery energy storage. OPSB case 25-973-EL-BGN."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "apple-maiden-nc",
    "name": "Apple Maiden Data Center (iCloud)",
    "operator": "Apple",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.588607,
      "lon": -81.256686,
      "city": "Maiden",
      "county": "Catawba",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Duke Energy grid + two dedicated 20MW Apple-owned solar farms (Maiden/Conover/Claremont) and a 10MW Bloom Energy biogas fuel cell installation",
    "announcedDate": "2009",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2010",
        "note": "Operational since 2010 (Apple's first company-owned data center); NC named for continued expansion in Apple's Feb 2025 $500B newsroom release.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/02/apple-will-spend-more-than-500-billion-usd-in-the-us-over-the-next-four-years/",
        "label": "Apple will spend more than $500 billion in the U.S. over the next four years — names NC among states for continued data-center capacity expansion (Apple Intelligence)",
        "publisher": "Apple Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.catawbaedc.org/post/north-carolina-data-center-is-part-of-apple-s-500-billion-expansion-plan-across-the-us",
        "label": "North Carolina data center is part of Apple's $500 billion expansion plan across the US",
        "publisher": "Catawba County Economic Development Corp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://9to5mac.com/2012/05/17/apples-20-megawatt-solar-farm-near-nc-data-center-gets-ncuc-approval/",
        "label": "Apple's 20-megawatt solar farm near NC data center gets NCUC approval (9to5Mac)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.imore.com/solar-farms-and-fuel-cells-apples-north-carolina-data-center-now-completely-operational",
        "label": "Solar and fuel cell farms for Apple's NC data center now completely operational (iMore)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Apple's flagship U.S. iCloud data center on Startown Rd near Maiden, Catawba County — Apple's first company-owned data center, operational since 2010, with a large adjacent solar array. Apple's Feb 2025 newsroom names North Carolina among the states where it will 'continue expanding data center capacity' as part of its Apple Intelligence buildout. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Startown Rd address (~183 ac per public reporting); a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 10,
      "notes": "Apple built roughly 50MW of dedicated clean generation to serve this campus — 40MW across two 20MW solar farms plus a ~10MW Bloom Energy fuel cell array running on landfill biogas, the largest non-utility fuel cell installation in the US at the time."
    },
    "landAcres": 183,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "apple-mesa-az",
    "name": "Apple Mesa Data Center (Global Command Center)",
    "operator": "Apple",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3615205,
      "lon": -111.6012177,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Bonnybrooke Solar Farm (Florence, AZ), 50MW, delivered via SRP under a 25-year wholesale PPA",
    "announcedDate": "2015",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "Operational Global Command Center (converted GT Advanced sapphire plant); $2B, 1.3M sq ft; latest expansion completed April 2018 per Data Center Knowledge.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://mesanow.org/news/public/article/2149",
        "label": "Grand opening for Apple's Arizona Data and Global Command Center in Mesa — $2B, 1.3M sq ft",
        "publisher": "Mesa Now (Mesa economic development)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/business/step-inside-apple-s-data-center-in-arizona-courtesy-of-the-arizona-republic",
        "label": "Step Inside Apple's Data Center in Arizona — 1.3M sq ft, latest expansion completed April 2018",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aztechcouncil.org/tech_magazine/apple-plants-crowning-achievement-for-renewable-energy-in-mesa/",
        "label": "Apple plants crowning achievement for renewable energy in Mesa (Arizona Technology Council)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://qz.com/337842/apple-is-building-a-solar-powered-data-command-center-in-arizona",
        "label": "Apple is building a solar-powered data 'command center' in Arizona (Quartz)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2014/01/23/2014-01296.txt",
        "label": "Federal Register, FTZ Board docket S-5-2014 — 'The proposed subzone (83.17 acres) is located at 3740 S. Signal Butte Rd, Mesa, Arizona.'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cultofmac.com/news/apple-data-center-mesa-arizona-details",
        "label": "Cult of Mac — 'Approximately 150 people work at the Mesa facility.'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2014/03/27/2014-06841.txt",
        "label": "Federal Register — approval of FTZ Subzone 221A for the Mesa site",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Apple's Global Data and Command Center at 3740 S Signal Butte Rd, Mesa, Maricopa County — a converted former GT Advanced sapphire plant (~1.3M sq ft), operational in the ~2016-2018 window, a $2B investment (Mesa Now / Data Center Knowledge), solar-powered. Functions as Apple's worldwide data-center monitoring/command hub. Apple's Feb 2025 newsroom names Arizona among states for continued data-center capacity expansion. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed; acreage not disclosed in fetched sources. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Signal Butte Rd address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)",
      "notes": "Apple partnered with SRP in 2014 to site the 282-acre, 50MW Bonnybrooke solar farm in Florence, AZ, operational December 2016."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Foreign-Trade Zone Subzone 221A — confers an Arizona property-tax reclassification; no dollar value is published for this site",
        "jurisdiction": "U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones Board / City of Mesa (FTZ 221 grantee)",
        "year": "2014",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 83.17,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "apple-prineville-or",
    "name": "Apple Prineville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Apple",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.30349,
      "lon": -120.84639,
      "city": "Prineville",
      "county": "Crook",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/biz/Publications/Boards/Business%20Oregon%20Commission/2023/AmazonSIPAgendaItem.pdf",
        "label": "Business Oregon Commission agenda item, SIP determination for Amazon (Morrow County) — 'Update on Data Centers in Oregon' section lists ten data centers receiving 15-year long-term rural enterprise zone abatements, including 'Two by Apple and three by Facebook, in Prineville, Crook County'",
        "publisher": "Business Oregon (Oregon Business Development Department)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/committees/slb/WorkgroupDocuments/Business%20Oregon%20(project%20tables)%20-%2010-16-19%20meeting.pdf",
        "label": "Currently Tax-exempt Energy Projects and Data Centers in Crook, Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla and Wasco counties — row 'Apple Data Centers | Crook | LTREZ | 2 facilities | $17,605,121 | $350,000 | 85 jobs'",
        "publisher": "Oregon Legislature / Business Oregon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.morrowcountyor.gov/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning_commission/page/16917/exhibit_08_-_economic_impact_analysis.pdf",
        "label": "Economic Impact Analysis of Prospective Exascale Data Center Development in Morrow County (Johnson Economics, Jan 2025), Exhibit 08 — 'The Prineville area is home to a small number of large campuses, specifically Apple and Meta (Facebook) campuses of roughly 150 and 360 acres, respectively.'",
        "publisher": "Morrow County Planning Commission / Johnson Economics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Oregon long-term rural enterprise zone (LTREZ), 15-year property tax abatement"
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 150,
    "jobs": {},
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "apple-reno-nv",
    "name": "Apple Reno Data Center (Reno Technology Park)",
    "operator": "Apple",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.563085,
      "lon": -119.554805,
      "city": "Sparks",
      "county": "Washoe",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Turquoise Solar (61 MWdc / ~50MW AC, inside Reno Technology Park adjacent to the Sparks campus) + Fort Churchill Solar (~20MW, near Yerington), delivered via NV Energy's GreenEnergy Rider PPA structure",
    "announcedDate": "2012",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012",
        "note": "Opened December 2012 as the first data center at the Reno Technology Park; grown to four buildings + a substation across 1,700 acres per Apple's July 2024 letter in the GOED filing.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://goed.nv.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/7-B.-Apple-Inc.-Board-Packet.pdf",
        "label": "Apple Inc. Board Packet (Data Center Sales & Use Tax Abatement), July 2024 — Apple's own letter: opened Dec 2012, four buildings + substation across 1,700 acres, 200+ staff",
        "publisher": "Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/hyperscalers/updated-apple-s-reno-data-center-expansion-marches-on",
        "label": "Apple's Reno Data Center Expansion Marches On",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/apple-nv-energy-apply-for-new-agreement-for-solar-facility-near-reno-to-power-data-center-expansion",
        "label": "Apple, NV Energy apply for new agreement for solar facility near Reno (The Nevada Independent)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2021/03/61-mw-solar-project-now-supplying-power-to-apple-data-center-in-nevada/",
        "label": "61-MW solar project now supplying power to Apple data center in Nevada (Solar Power World)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2012/jun/27/apple-comes-under-radar-granted-tax-abatement-deal/",
        "label": "Stealthy team effort led to $89M in tax breaks, drew Apple to Reno-Sparks",
        "publisher": "Las Vegas Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/nevadans-get-few-details-into-data-centers-receiving-tax-breaks-and-it-might-be-illegal",
        "label": "Nevadans get few details into data centers receiving tax breaks — and it might be illegal",
        "publisher": "The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Apple data center at 21505 Reno Technology Parkway W, Sparks, Washoe County — the first data center built at the Reno Technology Park, opened December 2012. Per Apple's July 2024 letter in a Nevada GOED tax-abatement board packet, the campus had grown to four data-center buildings plus a power substation across 1,700 acres, with 200+ staff; Apple committed to further investment (a 2024 expansion capex of ~$742M over 5 years / ~$992M over 10 years is documented in the GOED filing). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an address-level geocode (ArcGIS, exact-address match); a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Apple financed and built the Fort Churchill Solar project (Apple's first Nevada solar deal, ~20MW) and later the larger Turquoise Solar project (61MWdc, ~180 acres) sited directly inside the Reno Technology Park next to Apple's Sparks data center, connected via a shared substation developed with Apple."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Nevada data center sales and property tax abatements (Washoe County / State of Nevada)",
        "amountUsd": 89000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Nevada — Washoe County",
        "year": "2012",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 1700,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "apple-waukee-ia",
    "name": "Apple Waukee Data Center",
    "operator": "Apple",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6193799,
      "lon": -93.9258365,
      "city": "Waukee",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "2995 W. Hickman Road",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "MidAmerican Energy grid (general renewable commitment, no site-specific named wind PPA located)",
    "announcedDate": "2017",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "First building operational October 2024 (announced 2017 by Tim Cook); $1.3B, 2,000 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://appleinsider.com/articles/24/10/16/seven-years-on-iowas-apple-data-center-finally-opens",
        "label": "Seven years on, Iowa's Apple data center finally opens — $1.3B, 2,000 acres, first building operational Oct 2024, announced 2017",
        "publisher": "AppleInsider",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/02/apple-will-spend-more-than-500-billion-usd-in-the-us-over-the-next-four-years/",
        "label": "Apple $500B U.S. investment release — names Iowa among states for continued data-center capacity expansion",
        "publisher": "Apple Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/08/apples-next-us-data-center-will-be-built-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Apple's next US data center will be built in Iowa (Apple Newsroom)",
        "publisher": "Apple Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11427610/apple-files-plans-for-long-delayed-data-center-campus-in-iowa",
        "label": "Apple Files Plans for Long-Delayed Data Center Campus in Iowa (Data Center Frontier)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/ia-to-give-apple-208m-in-tax-breaks-for-13b-data-center/503631/",
        "label": "IA to give Apple $208M in tax breaks for $1.3B data center",
        "publisher": "Construction Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Apple data center near the intersection of Hickman Rd and S Avenue, Waukee, Dallas County — announced by Tim Cook in 2017; first building became operational in October 2024 on a 2,000-acre site, a $1.3B investment (AppleInsider). Apple's Feb 2025 newsroom names Iowa among states for continued data-center capacity expansion. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy",
      "notes": "Apple's 2017 announcement and subsequent coverage describe only a general intent to 'work with local partners to invest in renewable energy projects from wind and other sources' in Iowa, and MidAmerican Energy building a substation to serve the campus."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "State and local tax incentives for the Waukee data center campus",
        "amountUsd": 208000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Iowa (state and City of Waukee)",
        "year": "2017",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1300000000,
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-adair-ia",
    "name": "Applied Digital Adair County Data Center",
    "operator": "Applied Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5005601,
      "lon": -94.6434954,
      "city": "Adair",
      "county": "Adair",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-04-10",
        "note": "Adair County supervisors discussed the proposed data center and set a public hearing on a setback ordinance; construction had been proposed for summer or fall 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://westerniowatoday.com/2024/04/10/adair-county-supervisors-discuss-proposed-data-center-and-set-public-hearing-on-an-ordinance-creating-setbacks/",
        "label": "Adair County Supervisors Discuss Proposed Data Center and Set Public Hearing on an Ordinance Creating Setbacks",
        "publisher": "Western Iowa Today (KSOM/KS 95.7)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/iowa",
        "label": "Data Centers in Iowa — Project List & Locations (Applied Digital Adair, Adair County, 200 MW, planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Proposed southeast of Adair adjacent to a NextEra Energy substation. Local reporting put projected employment at 40-70 full-time positions with 50-200 construction workers; those are ranges and are not recorded as a jobs figure. The most recent primary reporting located this session dates to April 2024, and Adair County put its large-scale building ordinance on hold the following month, so the project's current standing is uncertain — confidence is 'reported' and the 200 MW figure comes from a third-party project tracker, not from the developer.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "At the April 2024 supervisors meeting one resident objected to living beside a 70-foot concrete wall, and Supervisor Jodie Hoadley raised loss of productive farmland and said project officials 'could not answer what was in it for Adair County.' The board determined zoning involvement was needed before the project could proceed and set a public hearing on a setback ordinance for April 24, 2024.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-delta-forge-1-la",
    "name": "Applied Digital Delta Forge 1 AI Factory Campus",
    "operator": "Applied Digital Corporation",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.4,
      "lon": -92.65,
      "city": "Boyce",
      "county": "Rapides",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Cleco)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Applied Digital begins site development in Rapides Parish with location kept confidential; signed $7.5B, 15-year lease with undisclosed investment-grade U.S. hyperscaler for 300 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Site development begins January 2026. Location publicly revealed as Boyce, Rapides Parish in May 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/central-louisiana-secures-3-6-billion-applied-digital-ai-factory-campus",
        "label": "Central Louisiana secures $3.6B Applied Digital AI Factory Campus",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rapidesparishjournal.com/2026/05/27/rapides-parish-lands-massive-3-6-billion-ai-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Rapides Parish lands massive $3.6B AI data center project",
        "publisher": "Rapides Parish Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://thehayride.com/2026/07/cleco-plans-756-mw-gas-plant-alongside-rapides-data-center/",
        "label": "Cleco plans 756-MW gas plant alongside Rapides data center",
        "publisher": "The Hayride",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kalb.com/2026/07/30/cleco-looks-fast-track-new-generator-data-center/",
        "label": "Cleco looks to fast-track new generator for data center",
        "publisher": "KALB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Anchor tenant is an undisclosed investment-grade U.S. hyperscaler under a $7.5B, 15-year lease. Two initial facilities totaling 300 MW across 300 acres (of 672-acre secured site). Initial operations targeted mid-2027. Applied Digital HQ in Dallas, TX.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Cleco",
      "notes": "Cleco pays full cost of power infrastructure needed to serve campus (called 'largest economic development opportunity in Cleco's 90-plus year history'). Campus located on 300 acres of a 672-acre secured site."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Applied Digital proprietary closed-loop cooling technology for high-density AI workloads."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Louisiana Act 730 Sales and Use Tax Exemption on data center equipment",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3600000000,
    "landAcres": 300,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-deuel-county-sd",
    "name": "Applied Digital Deuel County AI Campus",
    "operator": "Applied Digital Corporation",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.567,
      "lon": -96.62,
      "city": "Toronto",
      "county": "Deuel",
      "state": "SD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 430
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Applied Digital proposed a 430 MW AI data center campus near Toronto, SD, with up to $16 billion of announced investment and up to 200 permanent jobs. Data Center Dynamics reported the company was 'proposing an AI data center development east of Toronto in South Dakota.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Applied Digital told Keloland (statement March 2026) that the project was 'unlikely to go forward,' citing the South Dakota legislature's failure to pass a 50-year sales-tax exemption on IT equipment, and said it would let its land option near Toronto lapse.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/applied-digital-proposes-multi-billion-dollar-data-center-in-south-dakota/",
        "label": "Applied Digital proposes multi-billion-dollar data center in South Dakota",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/applied-digital-says-data-center-near-toronto-south-dakota-unlikely-to-go-forward/",
        "label": "Applied Digital says data center near Toronto, South Dakota, unlikely to go forward",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mykxlg.com/news/local/potential-14-billion-data-center-could-transform-deuel-countys-economy/article_2a031739-b2ae-4932-95f5-57e4f280b7c7.html",
        "label": "mykxlg.com — \"Potential $14 Billion Data Center Could Transform Deuel County's Economy\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Status is 'cancelled' per Applied Digital's own March 2026 statement (land option to lapse). The 'up to $16 billion' investment and up to 200 jobs were announced figures for the proposal and are recorded in statusHistory rather than as structured investmentUsd/jobs, since the project will not proceed. aiClassification is 'confirmed' — Data Center Dynamics reported it as an AI data center. The Otter Tail Power association reflects the proposed (now abandoned) siting.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Otter Tail Power",
      "notes": "Proposed site was near Otter Tail Power transmission lines and a natural gas plant in Astoria."
    },
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-jamestown-nd",
    "name": "Applied Digital Jamestown Facility",
    "operator": "Applied Digital Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.029587,
      "lon": -98.679092,
      "city": "Jamestown",
      "county": "Stutsman",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 106
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "106 MW crypto-hosting facility, operating at full capacity; secures the Starion/Cornerstone loans.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1144879/000114487926000030/apld-20260228.htm",
        "label": "Applied Digital 10-Q (period ended 2026-02-28)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "106 MW crypto-hosting facility, operating at full capacity; secures the Starion/Cornerstone loans. Distinct from Applied Digital's Polaris Forge / Delta Forge AI sites.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-polaris-forge-1-ellendale-nd",
    "name": "Applied Digital Polaris Forge 1",
    "operator": "Applied Digital Corporation",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.003,
      "lon": -98.509,
      "city": "Ellendale",
      "county": "Dickey",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400,
      "operational": 100
    },
    "poweredBy": "Montana-Dakota Utilities (MDU)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "AI factory construction begins in Ellendale"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Building 1 Phase 1 (50 MW) achieves Ready for Service for CoreWeave",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Building 1 fully operational at 100 MW; Buildings 2 (150 MW) and 3 (150 MW) under construction for CoreWeave",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/123/applied-digital-announces-250mw-ai-data-center-lease-with",
        "label": "Applied Digital Announces 250MW AI Data Center Lease With CoreWeave in North Dakota",
        "publisher": "Applied Digital Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/applied-digital-completes-first-data-center-building-at-north-dakota-campus/",
        "label": "Applied Digital completes first data center building at North Dakota campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://northernsentry.com/2024/12/19/a-shot-in-the-arm-for-ellendale/",
        "label": "A shot in the arm for Ellendale",
        "publisher": "Northern Sentry",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/north-dakota/applied-digital-plans-to-expand-in-ellendale-nd",
        "label": "InForum — \"Applied Digital plans to expand in Ellendale, ND\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Campus is 400 MW fully contracted to CoreWeave under ~15-year lease agreements valued at ~$11B total revenue. Three buildings: Building 1 (100 MW) complete Dec 2025; Building 2 (150 MW) expected mid-2026; Building 3 (150 MW) expected 2027. Coordinates are Ellendale city centroid; exact site is northeast of the city. Local jobs are reported only as projections — 'as many as 85 new jobs' (Dec 2024) and up to ~110 total local workforce at full expansion — not confirmed headcounts. No confirmed total campus capital-expenditure figure is public (the ~$11B CoreWeave figure is 15-year lease revenue, not capex); North Dakota's data-center sales-tax exemption applies but individual award amounts are statutorily confidential. investmentUsd reflects Applied Digital's own infrastructure spend (~$1.3B committed + ~$4B anticipated); the company's '$20B total campus' figure additionally counts ~$15B of customer/tenant capital.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Montana-Dakota Utilities",
      "notes": "Designed for near-zero water consumption; proprietary closed-loop direct-to-chip liquid cooling; projected PUE 1.18; campus engineered to scale to 1 GW"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Proprietary waterless direct-to-chip liquid cooling; WUE near zero by design"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5300000000,
    "landAcres": 320,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 450,
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Ellendale (pop. ~1,000) has welcomed the campus as a transformative economic boost; the state's R-WISH rural-workforce housing program is funding new homes for incoming workers. No documented opposition or litigation. Coverage notes workforce and housing strain as growing pains.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-polaris-forge-2-harwood-nd",
    "name": "Applied Digital Polaris Forge 2",
    "operator": "Applied Digital Corporation",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.02,
      "lon": -97.025,
      "city": "Harwood",
      "county": "Cass",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 280
    },
    "poweredBy": "Cass County Electric Cooperative / Minnkota Power Cooperative",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Polaris Forge 2 announced; $3B, 280 MW AI factory campus on 900+ acres near Harwood",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Groundbreaking September 2025; initial operations expected end of 2026, full capacity early 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/127/applied-digital-to-break-ground-on-3-billion-polaris-forge",
        "label": "Applied Digital to Break Ground on $3 Billion Polaris Forge 2 Campus",
        "publisher": "Applied Digital Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.minnkota.com/minnkota-website/our-press/data-center-faqs",
        "label": "Minnkota Power Cooperative: Data Center FAQs (Polaris Forge 2)",
        "publisher": "Minnkota Power Cooperative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/north-dakota/data-center-developer-looks-west-backs-power-upgrades-near-fargo",
        "label": "Data center developer looks west, backs power upgrades near Fargo",
        "publisher": "InForum",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.valleynewslive.com/2026/04/30/power-project-ai-data-center-gets-north-dakota-agency-approval/",
        "label": "Power project for AI data center gets North Dakota agency approval",
        "publisher": "Valley News Live",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Two purpose-built facilities totaling more than 1.8 million sq ft. As of the August 2025 announcement, Applied Digital was in advanced negotiations with a U.S.-based investment-grade hyperscaler; no customer or lease value publicly confirmed. Partial operations expected end of 2026; full capacity early 2027. Coordinates are Harwood city centroid; site is approximately 900 acres near this community north of Fargo.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Cass County Electric Cooperative / Minnkota Power Cooperative",
      "notes": "280 MW peak demand; power secured through Cass County Electric Cooperative, a member-owned nonprofit, in partnership with Minnkota Power Cooperative"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 900,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Opposition surfaced when the project was announced (Aug 2025): environmental advocates and at least one area farmer argued Minnkota Power Cooperative member-owners (farmers, ranchers, rural residents) could see higher electric rates from the substation/powerline buildout funded to serve the data center; one resident called for a moratorium to allow more planning time. No vote, denial, or litigation reported as of 2026-03-23; the ND Public Service Commission went on to approve the power project 2026-04-29/30.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "applied-digital-polaris-forge-3-oliver-nd",
    "name": "Applied Digital Polaris Forge 3",
    "operator": "Applied Digital Corporation",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.111,
      "lon": -101.426,
      "city": "Hanover",
      "county": "Oliver",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 430
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-10",
        "note": "MDU Resources power deal finalized 2026-06-23; road-use agreement signed with the county July 10, 2026; groundbreaking planned summer 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.valleynewslive.com/2026/07/13/applied-digital-expands-north-dakota-eyes-oliver-county-third-data-center/",
        "label": "Applied Digital expands North Dakota, eyes Oliver County third data center",
        "publisher": "Valley News Live",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kfyrtv.com/2026/05/05/applied-digital-submits-rezoning-application-data-center-oliver-county/",
        "label": "Applied Digital submits rezoning application for data center in Oliver County",
        "publisher": "KFYR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Distinct 3rd North Dakota site (not the Ellendale or Harwood campuses), south of Hanover near the Hwy 25/31 junction. MDU Resources power deal finalized June 23, 2026. Approximately 200 FTE jobs planned; groundbreaking targeted summer 2026.",
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Oliver County commissioners enacted, then repealed, a 180-day countywide data-center moratorium (approved ~June 2026, repealed by July 10, 2026) amid resident concerns raised at public meetings.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "apricus-rock-point-data-center-west-plains-wa",
    "name": "Rock Point Data Center Project",
    "operator": "Apricus Energy Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.621,
      "lon": -117.73,
      "city": "West Plains",
      "county": "Spokane",
      "street": "11703 W. Medical Lake Highway",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/aug/02/company-proposing-massive-west-plains-data-center-/",
        "label": "Company proposing massive West Plains data center",
        "publisher": "The Spokesman-Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/jun/09/avista-confirms-negotiations-with-company-seeking-/",
        "label": "Avista confirms negotiations with company seeking to build large data center",
        "publisher": "The Spokesman-Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Conceptual-stage dual hydrogen-production-plus-data-center project; Avista's own engineering study projects only ~50MW available by 2030 (vs. the company's aspirational 1,000MW target), rising to ~650MW by 2033; no formal county application filed as of Aug 2026.",
    "landAcres": 514,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Developer has little operating history and a prior unrealized project in Livermore, CA; undisclosed discussions between the developer and Spokane County commissioners drew public criticism; a companion Avista MOU (counterparty undisclosed, believed to be this project) was paused June 12, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aps-cholla-natural-gas-conversion-joseph-city-az",
    "name": "Cholla Power Plant Natural Gas Conversion",
    "operator": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.94,
      "lon": -110.3,
      "city": "Joseph City",
      "county": "Navajo",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 380
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-02",
        "note": "APS announced plans to convert two retired Cholla coal units to natural gas.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aps-convert-coal-units-adding-380-mw-natural-gas/824471/",
        "label": "APS to convert retired coal units, adding 380 MW of natural gas",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "APS cites Arizona's rising around-the-clock demand and long lead times for new generation as the rationale. Data center load is context in the reporting for statewide growth but is not named as the driver for this specific conversion, and no offtaker is identified.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Conversion of two retired coal units at the Cholla Power Plant to natural gas, adding up to 380 MW. Construction expected to begin in 2028 with a 2029 in-service target. Still requires formal permitting and planning processes with public comment."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aps-desert-sun-power-plant-gila-bend-az",
    "name": "Desert Sun Power Plant",
    "operator": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.95,
      "lon": -112.8,
      "city": "Gila Bend",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "APS announced plans to develop a site west of Gila Bend adding up to 2 GW of natural gas generation, with a Phase 2 subscription model for extra-large data center customers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aps.com/en/About/Construction-and-Power-Line-Siting/Reliability-upgrades/Desert_Sun_Power_Plant_Project",
        "label": "Desert Sun Power Plant Project",
        "publisher": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aps-plans-2gw-gas-plant-to-power-arizona-data-centers-under-subscription-model/",
        "label": "APS plans 2GW gas plant to power Arizona data centers under subscription model",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktar.com/arizona-business/data-centers-aps-natural-gas/5767726/",
        "label": "Data centers will pay for their share of new APS power plant",
        "publisher": "KTAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-15",
    "notes": "Proposed ~2 GW natural gas generation project west of Gila Bend whose Phase 2 subscription model is explicitly structured to serve extra-large data center load. Coordinates are an approximate geocode west of Gila Bend, not a siting-confirmed point; project subject to Arizona Corporation Commission / siting review.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service",
      "notes": "New natural gas generation plant."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Up to ~2,000 MW of natural gas generation planned in two phases: Phase 1 via competitive procurement for general customer growth, Phase 2 via a subscription model enabling extra-large (data center) customer load ('growth pays for growth')."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "archer-datacenter-faribault-mn",
    "name": "Archer Datacenter Faribault",
    "operator": "Archer Datacenter",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.3654972,
      "lon": -93.2871543,
      "city": "Faribault",
      "county": "Rice",
      "street": "15339 Acorn Trail",
      "postalCode": "55021",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 120
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.southernminn.com/faribault_daily_news/news/developer-city-officials-outline-plans-for-proposed-faribault-data-center/article_2884e9a7-4b43-4622-b449-fcc37dd56a5e.html",
        "label": "Developer, city officials outline plans for proposed Faribault data center",
        "publisher": "southernminn.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.faribaultmn.gov/815/Archer-Datacenters",
        "label": "City of Faribault — Archer Datacenters project page: ~87 acres, up to six buildings and 500,000 sq ft, EAW history, Court of Appeals ruling 2026-06-08, supplemental EAW due 2027-03-31",
        "publisher": "City of Faribault, Minnesota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.archerdatacenters.com/news-resources/archer-acquires-land-in-faribault-minnesota-for-120mw-data-center-campus-g68bg",
        "label": "Archer Datacenters — \"Archer acquires land in Faribault, Minnesota, for 120MW data center campus\": 84.3 acres, up to 500,000 sq ft",
        "publisher": "Archer Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Up to 500,000 sq ft across six one-story buildings, south of 150th Street West and east of Acorn Trail, north of the Daikin plant. Land acquired 2024; no formal application yet submitted to the city as of the source date. Project on hold pending redo of the city's environmental review after a June 2026 Minnesota Court of Appeals ruling found it non-compliant.",
    "landAcres": 87.6,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy appealed the City's 2025-08-12 findings and negative declaration. The Minnesota Court of Appeals ordered on 2026-06-08 that the City either obtain additional information on environmental impacts or require an EIS; on 2026-07-07 the City Council granted Archer an extension to 2027-03-31 to produce a supplemental EAW addressing water consumption, cooling technology, backup generation, emissions and operational noise.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "archgreen-doniphan-hall-ne",
    "name": "ArchGreen Doniphan Data Center (proposed)",
    "operator": "ArchGreen Infrastructure",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.772,
      "lon": -98.3709,
      "city": "Doniphan",
      "county": "Hall",
      "street": "2502 E Giltner Road",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-10-10",
        "note": "Conditional use permit application heard by the Hall County Commission; decision deferred, with the board expected to return to it Oct. 24, 2023.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Hall County commissioners denied ArchGreen's conditional use permit for the second data center, at 2502 E. Giltner Road near Doniphan, in October 2023. A June 2026 Central Nebraska Today survey of the county's data centers records the application as denied and describes no revived or refiled proposal; only the approved northwest Grand Island site and the separate Fortitude site at 380 Museum Drive are treated as live.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250725014450/https://theindependent.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/cryptcurrency-data-center-hall-county/article_68269ee2-67ac-11ee-8b8f-9f5eb8250db6.html",
        "label": "Proposed Hall County cryptocurrency mining facility stirs up opposition (archived)",
        "publisher": "The Grand Island Independent (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksnblocal4.com/2023/10/11/archgreen-infrastructure-proposes-second-data-center-hall-county/",
        "label": "ArchGreen Infrastructure proposes second data center in Hall County",
        "publisher": "KSNB Local4",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.centralnebraskatoday.com/2026/06/26/data-center-nearing-completion-in-east-grand-island/",
        "label": "Data center nearing completion in east Grand Island",
        "publisher": "Central Nebraska Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.centralnebraskatoday.com/2026/06/26/data-center-nearing-completion-in-east-grand-island/",
        "label": "Data center nearing completion in east Grand Island",
        "publisher": "Central Nebraska Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "ArchGreen's second Hall County proposal: 14 removable equipment containers on land owned by a private landowner at 2502 E. Giltner Road east of Doniphan, near the Hamilton County line, with two full-time employees and a stated noise level of 30–40 dB. The last step documented by a source retrievable this session is the Oct. 10, 2023 commission hearing, at which the decision was deferred; later coverage indicates the commission subsequently denied the permit, but that account could not be retrieved and is therefore not recorded as a status. A moderator should confirm the final disposition before publishing — this record may need to move to 'cancelled'.",
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 2,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Ten people attended the Oct. 10, 2023 Hall County Commission meeting on the proposal and seven landowners spoke, most in opposition. Residents cited noise and light pollution, visibility from nearby homes, water use, and objections to cryptocurrency mining itself; one said \"This really belongs in an industrial area, not out in rural Hall County.\" ArchGreen's representative said the nearest neighbours would be more than half a mile away and that he would accept board conditions.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "archgreen-grand-island-hall-ne",
    "name": "ArchGreen Grand Island Data Center",
    "operator": "ArchGreen Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.9423,
      "lon": -98.4551,
      "city": "Grand Island",
      "county": "Hall",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 14
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-01-17",
        "note": "Hall County Board of Commissioners approved a conditional use permit for the data center on leased Southern Public Power District land.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-10-10",
        "note": "Local reporting described the Energy Park project as \"still being constructed.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Listed as operational in a public Nebraska data-center project tracker.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250617124426/https://theindependent.com/news/local/cryptocurrency-mining-facility-approved-west-of-grand-island/article_3398e77c-96bd-11ed-aebb-0392fcb8f348.html",
        "label": "Cryptocurrency mining facility approved west of Grand Island (archived)",
        "publisher": "The Grand Island Independent (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arch-green.com/project-1-3",
        "label": "ArchGreen — Project 1",
        "publisher": "ArchGreen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250725014450/https://theindependent.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/cryptcurrency-data-center-hall-county/article_68269ee2-67ac-11ee-8b8f-9f5eb8250db6.html",
        "label": "Proposed Hall County cryptocurrency mining facility stirs up opposition (archived)",
        "publisher": "The Grand Island Independent (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://servercountry.org/data/states/nebraska/",
        "label": "Nebraska Data Center Projects tracker — ArchGreen Grand Island Data Center listed operational",
        "publisher": "Server Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Fourteen computing containers on under two acres of leased land on 60th Road, a quarter mile south of Capital Avenue, in the Southern Public Power Energy Park northwest of Grand Island. Coordinates are derived from the OpenStreetMap geometry of North 60th Road and the article's \"quarter mile south of Capital Avenue\" description, not a parcel-confirmed point. ArchGreen's own project page still describes the site as under construction and is undated; the operational status rests on later tracker listings, so confidence is 'reported'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Southern Public Power District",
      "notes": "Built on land leased from Southern Public Power District inside the Southern Public Power Energy Park; the facility buys power from Southern Public Power. A later public tracker lists the site at 12.5 MW rather than the 14 MW stated at permitting."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "unknown",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ardent-pittsburgh-mckees-rocks-pa",
    "name": "Ardent Data Centers Pittsburgh (McKees Rocks)",
    "operator": "Ardent Data Centers (Northern Data Group)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.4646,
      "lon": -80.081,
      "city": "McKees Rocks",
      "county": "Allegheny",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20,
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-01-22",
        "note": "Acquisition of the existing Pennsylvania data center completed; conversion to a high-density HPC facility expected complete Q4 2024, scaling to 20 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/ardent-data-centers-a-northern-data-group-company-completes-acquisition-of-pennsylvania-data-center-302040653.html",
        "label": "Ardent Data Centers, a Northern Data Group company, completes acquisition of Pennsylvania data center",
        "publisher": "Northern Data Group via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/pennsylvania",
        "label": "Data Centers in Pennsylvania — Project List & Locations (HPC data center, Northern Data, Allegheny, 20 MW)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "41,000 sq ft building on 7.5 acres in McKees Rocks, Allegheny County, acquired by Ardent (Northern Data Group) in January 2024 with 5 MW in place and a phased path to 20 MW. Purpose-built for GPU/HPC workloads at 135 kW+ rack densities. Street address is reported by third-party directories as 615 McMichael Road but was not confirmed in the sources cited here, so it is omitted.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "High-density HPC build using rear-door heat exchangers and direct-to-chip liquid cooling; operator target PUE of 1.2 or lower."
    },
    "landAcres": 7.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "ardent-technologies-wilmington-clinton-oh",
    "name": "Ardent Technologies Wilmington Data Center",
    "operator": "Ardent Technologies",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4453393,
      "lon": -83.8285375,
      "city": "Wilmington",
      "county": "Clinton",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-19",
        "note": "Wilmington City Council voted 5-2 to rezone 500 acres for a second data center, separate from the AWS site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.whio.com/news/local/another-500-acres-land-zoned-second-data-center-wilmington/KXXP722G6ZD4LMQV2Z6U4UJUQE/",
        "label": "Another 500 acres of land zoned for second data center in Wilmington",
        "publisher": "WHIO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Second Wilmington data center rezoning, bringing the city's total data-center-zoned land to roughly 1,000 acres. Capacity, investment and job figures were not disclosed in the reporting. Distinct from the AWS campus on the city's south side.",
    "landAcres": 500,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Wilmington City Council rezoned the 500 acres on a 5-2 vote on February 19, 2026; one council member urged slowing the process and opponents said they were organizing a ballot-referendum legal challenge.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "arizona-land-consulting-camelback-creek-tonopah-az",
    "name": "Camelback Creek",
    "operator": "Arizona Land Consulting",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.509,
      "lon": -112.962,
      "city": "Tonopah",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-06",
        "note": "County planning staff recommended approval of the General Comprehensive Plan amendment and rezoning from Rural-43 to IND-2 IUPD; scheduled for the Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission hearing on August 6, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/320-acre-warehouse-data-center-master-plan-proposed-in-far-west-valley/",
        "label": "320-Acre Warehouse & Data Center Master Plan Proposed in Far West Valley",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Northwest corner of 411th Avenue and Camelback Road near Tonopah. Mixed-use master plan with warehouse and data center emphasis; the rezoning request includes a building-height increase from 40 to 85 feet for data center clearance. No end users signed and no square footage or MW disclosed. Distinct site from the tracked Arizona Land Consulting Hassayampa Ranch parcel, which is a separate ~2,000-acre holding; reporting describes ALC holding roughly 4,000 acres across three Tonopah-corridor sites. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked AZBEX's coverage (2026-09-10) of the plan-amendment/rezoning request; it reports only that 'County planning staff has recommended approval of the plan amendment and rezoning requests,' with no resident testimony, hearing record, or elected-official statement of support/opposition.",
    "landAcres": 320,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "arizona-land-consulting-hassayampa-ranch-tonopah-az",
    "name": "Hassayampa Ranch Data Center",
    "operator": "Arizona Land Consulting",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.511576,
      "lon": -112.769387,
      "city": "Tonopah",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-10",
        "note": "Maricopa County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved industrial rezoning on ~2,000 unincorporated acres near Tonopah; detailed zoning applications still pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/25b-data-center-greenlit-near-buckeye/",
        "label": "$25B Data Center Greenlit Near Buckeye",
        "publisher": "Connect CRE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2025/12/27/ai-data-centers-arizona-hassayampa-ranch/",
        "label": "At the edges of the AI data center boom, rural America is up against Silicon Valley billions (Hassayampa Ranch)",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.orionprop.com/topfive/maricopa-county-approves-rezoning-for-proposed-25b-data-center-hub/",
        "label": "Maricopa County approves rezoning for proposed $25B data center hub",
        "publisher": "Orion Investment Real Estate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.mcassessor.maricopa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Parcels/MapServer/0",
        "label": "Maricopa County Assessor Parcel Viewer (GIS parcel data service)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://berryriddell.com/25b-data-center-planned-west-of-phoenix-wins-key-approval-from-county/",
        "label": "$25B data center planned west of Phoenix wins key approval from county",
        "publisher": "Berry Riddell (republishing John Leos, azcentral.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "~$25B proposed data center campus led by Arizona Land Consulting (Anita Verma-Lallian) with investor Chamath Palihapitiya, on ~2,000 acres of far-western Maricopa County near Tonopah (acquired in a ~$51M deal). Maricopa County approved industrial rezoning Dec 10, 2025; zoning applications pending. Coordinates are an approximate town-level geocode near Tonopah, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "investmentUsd": 25000000000,
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Maricopa County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the industrial rezoning (Dec 10, 2025) despite two resident-led petitions totaling roughly 300 signatures opposing the project over well-water impacts.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "stakeholders": [
      {
        "name": "Anita Verma-Lallian",
        "role": "founder",
        "via": "Arizona Land Consulting",
        "note": "Founder and CEO of Arizona Land Consulting; bought the Hassayampa Ranch tract in May 2025 for $51 million and is selling investment stakes in the resulting data-center project.",
        "sourceIndex": 1,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamath Palihapitiya",
        "role": "investor",
        "via": "Arizona Land Consulting",
        "note": "Investor in the Hassayampa Ranch project alongside developer Anita Verma-Lallian; he has described it as his first data-center investment and the size of his stake is undisclosed.",
        "sourceIndex": 1,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "ark-data-centers-akron-i-summit-county-oh",
    "name": "Ark Data Centers Akron I (fka Involta)",
    "operator": "Ark Data Centers (formerly Involta)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.057162,
      "lon": -81.521388,
      "city": "Akron",
      "county": "Summit",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "announcedDate": "2010-08",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.involta.com/data-centers/data-center-locations/ohio/akron/",
        "label": "Involta / Ark Data Centers — Akron, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Ark Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/akron/involta-akron/",
        "label": "Ark Data Centers Akron 1",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/involta-sees-tremendous-market-in-ohio/",
        "label": "Business Journal Daily — \"Involta Sees 'Tremendous Market' in Ohio\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/involta-llc-announces-plan-to-build-enterprise-data-center-in-akron-ohio-101806913.html",
        "label": "PR Newswire — \"Involta, LLC Announces Plan to Build Enterprise Data Center in Akron, Ohio\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalakron.org/4-5-million-tax-credit-will-help-data-center-expand-in-akron/",
        "label": "Signal Akron — \"$4.5 million tax credit will help data center expand in Akron\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "191 E. Miller Ave, Akron, Summit County. First (\"3rd-generation\" per operator terminology) of two Ark Data Centers buildings at this address — see also Ark Data Centers Akron II, a separate, Tier III-certified building at the same street address. 10,000 sq ft / 300 racks, 1MW utility power with a 1MW N+1 diesel generator, 2N battery UPS. No formal Tier certification found for this building (unlike Akron II). Fiber-ring-connected to the company's Independence, OH facility. The operator's own Ohio rollup page lists a conflicting \"Akron: 20,000 sqft / 5MW\" combined figure that does not reconcile with the per-building detail page used here — flagged as an inconsistency on the operator's own materials, detail-page figures preferred. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority — sales/use tax exemption for data center equipment (50%, 10-yr)",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 25000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ark-data-centers-akron-ii-summit-county-oh",
    "name": "Ark Data Centers Akron II (fka Involta)",
    "operator": "Ark Data Centers (formerly Involta)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.057297,
      "lon": -81.521336,
      "city": "Akron",
      "county": "Summit",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "announcedDate": "2015",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.involta.com/data-centers/data-center-locations/ohio/akron/",
        "label": "Involta / Ark Data Centers — Akron, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Ark Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/akron/involta-akron-2/",
        "label": "Ark Data Centers Akron 2",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/involta-sees-tremendous-market-in-ohio/",
        "label": "Business Journal Daily — \"Involta Sees 'Tremendous Market' in Ohio\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalakron.org/4-5-million-tax-credit-will-help-data-center-expand-in-akron/",
        "label": "Signal Akron — \"$4.5 million tax credit will help data center expand in Akron\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "191 E. Miller Ave, Akron, Summit County — same street address as Ark Data Centers Akron I but a physically separate (\"4th-generation\") building, per the operator's own materials describing \"two purpose-built, concurrently maintainable facilities\" totaling 52,000+ sq ft. 10,000 sq ft / 300 racks, 1MW utility power with a 1MW N+1 diesel generator, 2N battery UPS. Uptime Institute-certified Tier III — the only Tier certification found across any of the Ark/Involta Ohio sites researched. ENERGY STAR certified 2023. Fiber-ring-connected to the company's Independence, OH facility. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found (one customer testimonial referencing AI describes a tenant's healthcare application, not the operator's own infrastructure marketing).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority — sales/use tax exemption for data center equipment (50%, 10-yr)",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ark-data-centers-green-bay-harrison-campus-wi",
    "name": "Ark Data Centers Green Bay (Harrison Campus)",
    "operator": "Involta (rebranded Ark Data Centers, May 2024)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.2044349,
      "lon": -88.3449304,
      "city": "Harrison",
      "county": "Calumet",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkdna.com/data-centers/wisconsin/",
        "label": "Involta (rebranded Ark Data Centers, May 2024) facility directory",
        "publisher": "Involta (rebranded Ark Data Centers, May 2024)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/766768556",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/766768556",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Former Kimberly-Clark data center on a 24.5-acre campus at W6149 Old Highway Road, Village of Harrison (straddles Calumet/Outagamie counties); acquired by Involta and expandable up to 20MW. Company rebranded from Involta to Ark Data Centers in May 2024 — same operator, new name. Corroborated by DataCenterDynamics and Area Development coverage of the Involta acquisition/opening.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "We Energies"
    },
    "landAcres": 24.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ark-data-centers-independence-cuyahoga-county-oh",
    "name": "Ark Data Centers Independence (fka Involta)",
    "operator": "Ark Data Centers (formerly Involta)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.360599,
      "lon": -81.632511,
      "city": "Independence",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2016-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2017",
        "note": "Facility opened at 25,000 sq ft.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-08",
        "note": "Expanded by 14,000 sq ft (to 40,000 sq ft total) and +1MW of power capacity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/involta-expands-data-center-in-independence-ohio/",
        "label": "Involta expands data center in Independence, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.independenceohio.org/business_resources/featured_project.php",
        "label": "Featured Project — Involta Data Center",
        "publisher": "City of Independence, Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/involta-is-now-ark-data-centers-302145731.html",
        "label": "Involta Is Now Ark Data Centers",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.cuyahogacounty.us/server/rest/services/MyPLACE/Parcels_WMA_GJOIN_WGS84/MapServer/2/query?where=parcelpin=%2756410036%27&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Cuyahoga County parcel/GIS record (parcel 56410036)",
        "publisher": "Cuyahoga County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/involta-to-build-independence-data-center/",
        "label": "Business Journal Daily — \"Involta to Build Data Center in Independence\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalakron.org/4-5-million-tax-credit-will-help-data-center-expand-in-akron/",
        "label": "Signal Akron — \"$4.5 million tax credit will help data center expand in Akron\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "7300 E Pleasant Valley Rd, Independence, Cuyahoga County (Cleveland metro). Rebranded from Involta to Ark Data Centers May 15, 2024 (Carlyle-backed). Fiber-ring-connected to the company's Akron facilities for real-time twinned services, per the City of Independence's own economic development page (independent of operator marketing). A single third-party directory cites 1.5MW capacity, uncorroborated elsewhere — omitted from capacityMw rather than stated as fact. No source supports a Tier rating or 2N+ UPS claim for this specific site (an unrelated \"Cleveland\" line item on the operator's own rollup page does not reconcile with this facility's known footprint) — no Tier/redundancy field set. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority — sales/use tax exemption for data center equipment (50%, 10-yr)",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ark-data-centers-marion-ia",
    "name": "Ark Data Centers Marion (Cedar Rapids)",
    "operator": "Ark Data Centers (formerly Involta)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0341,
      "lon": -91.5871,
      "city": "Marion",
      "county": "Linn",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.81
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkdna.com/data-centers/iowa/",
        "label": "Visit Our Cedar Rapids, Iowa Data Center | ark data centers",
        "publisher": "Ark Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Enterprise colocation facility at 5055 Rec Drive, Marion (Cedar Rapids metro); rebranded from Involta to Ark Data Centers in May 2024 (Involta acquired by Carlyle Group funds Feb 2022). Owns/operates the building — not a tenancy. IMPORTANT DISCREPANCY: the operator's own site (fetched directly) states 810kW total facility capacity ('750 kW Diesel Generator (N+1)'), which is what I used for capacityMw. Third-party aggregator listings (datacenters.com, baxtel, dchub — not independently fetched with numeric confirmation) variously describe this same site as a '12 MW' or '20 MW enterprise center' — a >10x discrepancy from the primary source. Flagging for human review rather than picking a number I can't verify; recommend treating 0.81MW as current/critical load and the larger figures as unconfirmed campus/enterprise-park branding.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "armory-innovation-district-st-louis-mo",
    "name": "Armory Innovation District Data Center",
    "operator": "Contour / TerraWatt (with Steadfast City, THO Investments, ARCO, Lewis Rice)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.636,
      "lon": -90.237,
      "city": "St. Louis",
      "street": "Adjacent to The Armory, Midtown (former Macy's/Famous-Barr warehouse site)",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 120
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stlmag.com/news/midtown-data-center-armory-board-of-public-service/",
        "label": "Midtown data center wins key approval from St. Louis Board of Public Service",
        "publisher": "St. Louis Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/health-science-environment/2026-07-30/st-louis-board-allows-data-center-near-armory-to-move-forward-with-new-rules",
        "label": "St. Louis board upholds Midtown data center permit with new rules",
        "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "St. Louis Board of Public Service approved the conditional use permit 5-0 on 2026-04-22; the Board of Adjustment upheld/amended it on 2026-07-30. No tenant has been named as of this session; targeted for full operation by end of 2028. Officially branded the 'Armory Innovation District.'",
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1050,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Approved with conditions including a $15.75M community benefits fund, no local tax abatement sought, closed-loop cooling, rooftop solar/green-roof requirements, and a target of 50% renewable energy within five years; subject to potential appeal.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "armstrong-power-south-bend-township-armstrong-county-pa",
    "name": "Armstrong Power Natural Gas Plant",
    "operator": "Armstrong Power, LLC (NRG Energy)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.667,
      "lon": -79.417,
      "city": "South Bend Township",
      "county": "Armstrong",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 688
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04-04",
        "note": "Existing 688 MW plant; Title V modification filed to convert to combined cycle to serve AI data centers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/04/dep-invites-comments-on-title-v-air.html",
        "label": "DEP Invites Comments On Title V Air Quality Permit Modifications For Armstrong Natural Gas Power Plant In Armstrong County To Feed A.I. Data Centers",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://files.dep.state.pa.us/air/AirQuality/AQPortalFiles/Permits/PermitDocuments/1534781%5B03-00975%5D_Issued_v1.pdf",
        "label": "PA DEP Title V/State Operating Permit 03-00975 — Armstrong Power, LLC",
        "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "No named compute offtaker is identified in the permit notice, so `generation.offtaker` is left unset. Coordinates are township-level.",
    "emissions": {
      "permittedTpy": {
        "nox": 312.7,
        "co": 168.6,
        "pm": 90.9,
        "pm25": 70.7,
        "pm10": 90.9,
        "so2": 38.5,
        "voc": 19.7
      },
      "basis": "facility_wide",
      "averagingPeriod": "rolling_12_month",
      "unitsCovered": "all turbines in Source Group G01 (Units 1-4), each rated 1,926.000 MMBtu/hr",
      "permitNumber": "03-00975",
      "permitType": "title_v",
      "issuingAgency": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Northwest Regional Office",
      "issuedDate": "2020-11-02",
      "notes": "Permitted CEILINGS from the Title V operating permit, not measured emissions. Section E, Group G01 (Turbines), Condition #001: \"Emissions from the gas turbine generating station, including during times of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, shall not exceed the following on a consecutive 12-month rolling total basis\", stated \"From all Turbines\" and authorised through Plan Approval PA-03-00975D. The permit prints the sulfur cap as \"SOx (SULFUR OXIDES)\" - recorded here under so2 with no conversion. SCOPE CAVEAT: the permit's Source Group G01 lists FOUR turbines (Units 1-4, sources 201-204), while this record's generation.unitCount of 3 follows the April 4, 2026 PA Bulletin modification notice describing \"three existing simple-cycle turbines\". The two counts measure different things and must not be reconciled by editing either. The facility's three emergency generators (sources 301-303, 28.600 MMBtu/hr each) are NOT covered by these tonnage limits. No CO2e tonnage cap appears in this condition; a missing co2e does not mean no GHG limit exists. DATE CAVEAT: the permit prints Issue Date November 2, 2020, Revision and Effective Date September 11, 2025, and Expiration Date October 31, 2025 - a date now past. A renewal/modification was in DEP public comment per the April 4, 2026 PA Bulletin notice cited on this record. The document itself states only the renewal-timeliness rule and does not assert whether the permit continues in force past expiry, so no such claim is made here.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 3,
      "notes": "Three existing simple-cycle turbines. A Title V air-quality permit modification, published for comment in the April 4, 2026 PA Bulletin (p. 1870, DEP Northwest Regional Office), would convert them into three combined-cycle gas turbines; the notice does not state the resulting capacity. DEP's notice records that NRG Energy bought the 688 MW plant in May 2025 with the announced intent of providing power to A.I. data centers."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "artemis-technologies-cave-city-ar",
    "name": "Artemis Technologies Cave City Bitcoin Data Center",
    "operator": "Artemis Technologies",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.94806,
      "lon": -91.55083,
      "city": "Cave City",
      "county": "Sharp",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/cave-city-citizens-push-back-on-cryptomine-being-built-in-their-town-meeting-dumb-kids-locals-artemis-technologies-arkansas-blockchain-council-power-requirements-bitcoin",
        "label": "Cave City citizens push back on cryptomine being built near their town",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.whiterivernow.com/2025/04/30/there-goes-the-neighborhood-data-center-draws-fire-from-cave-city-residents/",
        "label": "There goes the neighborhood? Data center draws fire from Cave City residents",
        "publisher": "White River Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Air-cooled, indoor 'Bitcoin Data Center' on a reported 3-acre site adjoining Cave City limits; described by local press as Artemis Technologies' third Arkansas location (after unverified sites in Monticello and Newark — see held). A contentious April 2025 public meeting at Cave City High School drew pushback after Artemis and an Entergy representative declined to disclose power-draw figures; Sharp County Judge Mark Counts publicly opposed the project. Exact MW and construction-completion status not disclosed in available sourcing — flag for re-check.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ashville-energy-center-pickaway-oh",
    "name": "Ashville Energy Center",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX (PowerConneX)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.71833,
      "lon": -82.94833,
      "county": "Pickaway",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/opsb-schedules-local-hearings-for-2-proposed-natural-gas-plants-to-power-data-centers/922034.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: OPSB schedules local hearings for 2 proposed natural gas plants to power data centers",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Not yet approved by OPSB as of this session; still in the public-hearing phase.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "landAcres": 110,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "EdgeConneX",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "edgeconnex-ashville-oh"
      ],
      "notes": "OPSB Case No. 26-196-EL-BGN; local public information hearing held Aug 19, 2026 at Teays Valley High School. Intended to power the adjacent, co-located EdgeConneX Ashville Campus data center."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aspen-creek-digital-olathe-co",
    "name": "Aspen Creek Digital — Olathe Solar Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "Aspen Creek Digital Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.5986,
      "lon": -107.973,
      "city": "Olathe",
      "county": "Montrose",
      "street": "59482 Highway 50",
      "postalCode": "81425",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-06",
        "note": "Cryptomining operations formally began June 2022 at the former Louisiana-Pacific lumber mill site along U.S. 50.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Aspen_Creek_Digital_Corporation_Montrose_County_facility",
        "label": "Aspen Creek Digital Corporation Montrose County facility",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "6 MW behind-the-meter bitcoin mine on the old Louisiana-Pacific mill site along U.S. 50 between Olathe and Delta, paired with a 10 MW solar farm. The site was purchased by CO Mine 1 Landco LLC for $2.5 million in May 2021 and operated by Aspen Creek Digital from 2022; Galaxy Digital is cited as a co-location client. Current ownership has not been independently re-verified for this entry. Distinct from the tracked Walden (Jackson County) flare-mitigation record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 10,
      "notes": "Co-located behind the meter with a 10 MW solar array built on 74 acres in Montrose County."
    },
    "landAcres": 74,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "atlantic-power-nest-cogen-kenilworth-nj",
    "name": "NEST Campus Cogeneration Plant",
    "operator": "Atlantic Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.67905,
      "lon": -74.27169,
      "city": "Kenilworth",
      "county": "Union",
      "street": "2000 Galloping Hill Road",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://heatmap.news/technology/coreweave-natural-gas",
        "label": "Would You Like a Gas-Fired Power Plant With That Data Center?",
        "publisher": "Heatmap News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nestcenter.com",
        "label": "NEST — Northeast Science & Technology Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.onyxequities.com/portfolio/northeast-science-and-technology-center-nest/",
        "label": "Northeast Science and Technology Center (NEST)",
        "publisher": "Onyx Equities",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Sits on the same 100+ acre former-Merck campus (now branded NEST, the 'Northeast Science & Technology Center,' 2000 Galloping Hill Road) as the existing coreweave-kenilworth-nj data center record — this is the power-generation half of that same site, hence the poweredFacilityIds link. The real estate is owned by a joint venture of Onyx Equities, Machine Investment Group and Pivot Real Estate Partners (purchased from Merck in February 2023); the generation asset itself is owned/operated separately by Atlantic Power. Coordinates are the Kenilworth borough centroid (Wikipedia) — a rough proxy for the plant's actual position on this large campus, not a parcel-level geocode — precision marked approximate accordingly.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "CoreWeave",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "coreweave-kenilworth-nj"
      ],
      "notes": "25 MW gas-fired cogeneration plant, originally built to supply power and steam directly to Merck & Co.'s former Kenilworth, NJ headquarters, later selling surplus power to the PJM grid. In September 2024 owner Atlantic Power notified PJM Interconnection that the plant was deactivating from grid service, converting to 'behind the meter' operation serving only the CoreWeave data center built on the same campus (per Heatmap News). The campus's own site (NestCenter.com) independently lists a '25 MW Cogeneration Power Plant' among its on-site infrastructure, alongside a separate 50 MW utility substation and dual 26kV PSE&G feeds — that substation/utility feed is grid interconnection, not generation, and is not counted here."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-agro-richland-data-center-campus-wa",
    "name": "Atlas Agro Richland Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Atlas Agro North America",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.36,
      "lon": -119.325,
      "city": "Richland",
      "county": "Benton",
      "street": "2100 Horn Rapids Road",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 320
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-22",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-02",
        "note": "Richland City Council unanimously approved a land-option agreement with Atlas Agro for 275 acres at 2100 Horn Rapids Road, with a $250,000 nonrefundable option fee.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/richland-oks-option-agreement-for-atlas-agro-data-center",
        "label": "Richland OKs option agreement for Atlas Agro data center",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.columbiariverkeeper.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026.02.26-Data-Center-Closer-Look-Report.pdf",
        "label": "A Closer Look: Columbia River Data Centers (February 2026) — Benton County, Washington",
        "publisher": "Columbia Riverkeeper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/know-4-major-data-center-120000272.html",
        "label": "What to know about 4 major data center proposals for Tri-Cities area",
        "publisher": "Tri-City Herald (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Swiss fertilizer developer Atlas Agro offered the City of Richland just under $24 million for 275 acres in the Northwest Advanced Clean Energy Park, adjacent to its planned zero-carbon nitrate fertilizer plant. The campus would comprise five data center buildings of roughly 500,000 sq ft each, with construction targeted to begin in 2027. Columbia Riverkeeper's February 2026 report puts the campus's power requirement at at least 320 MW. Power would come via a Bonneville Power Administration line serving both the data center and the fertilizer plant. Atlas Agro's North American president describes the data center as 'a partner that helps us build the necessary power and utility infrastructure.' Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the stated address.",
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 275,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Richland's city council unanimously approved the option agreement on 2025-12-02; Tri-City Development Council (TRIDEC) CEO Karl Dye backed the project, tying it to the DOE's Genesis Mission. No opposition, resident concerns, or dissenting hearing testimony documented in this source.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-compute-ai-data-center-campus-fort-pierce-fl",
    "name": "Atlas Compute AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Atlas Compute (infrastructure by Penguin Solutions)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.44,
      "lon": -80.33,
      "city": "Fort Pierce",
      "county": "St. Lucie",
      "street": "Post Office Road, Midway Industrial Park",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 240
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-06",
        "note": "Land and utilities secured for a 240 MW initial campus, with up to 1 GW expansion capacity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/06/3182873/0/en/Atlas-Compute-Secures-Land-and-Utilities-for-240-MW-AI-Data-Center-Campus-in-Central-Florida-with-1-GW-Expansion-Capacity.html",
        "label": "Atlas Compute secures land and utilities for 240 MW AI data center campus",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wflx.com/2026/03/12/florida-based-company-announced-plans-build-ai-data-center-fort-pierce/",
        "label": "Florida-based company announces plans to build AI data center in Fort Pierce",
        "publisher": "WFLX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/03/massive-ai-server-farm-sets-sights-on-fort-pierce-neighbors-want-answers/",
        "label": "Massive AI Server Farm Sets Sights On Fort Pierce, Neighbors Want Answers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-centers-may-forced-pay-090236013.html",
        "label": "TCPalm via Yahoo News — Atlas Compute's St. Lucie County campus would be powered by its own natural gas-fired power plant, on over 26 acres at Midway Industrial Park bordering the Treasure Coast Energy Center",
        "publisher": "TCPalm / Treasure Coast Newspapers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Land and utilities secured. Targeting operational Q4 2026-Q1 2027. Up to 1 GW expansion capacity. Distinct from the withdrawn Sentinel Grove/Project Jarvis project in the same county.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Atlas Compute plans to build its own natural gas-fired power plant to serve the campus rather than draw the full load from the utility; the site borders FPUA's Treasure Coast Energy Center."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Company release states the facility will feature \"cooling technology to eliminate the need for water use\" (WFLX, March 2026). No recirculating water circuit is described; if a later source identifies a closed water loop, this should be re-read as closed_loop."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-coosa-project-gracie-floyd-ga",
    "name": "Coosa Data Center (Project Gracie)",
    "operator": "Atlas Development LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.257,
      "lon": -85.1647,
      "city": "Rome",
      "county": "Floyd",
      "street": "Vann Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-05-27",
        "note": "Floyd County Commission voted 4-0 to rezone more than 200 acres off Vann Road from Suburban Residential to Heavy Industrial.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/news/local/county-commission-approves-coosa-data-center-request/article_a6062a6a-e6f2-4302-818d-83ee2bb09bf9.html",
        "label": "County Commission Approves Coosa Data Center Request",
        "publisher": "Rome News-Tribune / Northwest Georgia News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/atlanta/news/data-center/developer-pitches-24m-sf-georgia-data-center-campus-129233",
        "label": "Developer Pitches 2.4M SF Georgia Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "About 2.4–2.5 million sq ft across seven buildings, target completion December 2032; land previously owned by the Floyd County school system. Filed with the state as Project Gracie.",
    "landAcres": 200,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A raucous crowd spoke against the rezoning over noise, night lighting and water-draw concerns; commissioners doubled public-comment time. Approval carried conditions: data-center-only heavy industrial use, dark-sky lighting, 65 dB day / 55 dB night limits at the property line, a 100-foot undisturbed setback, and fines up to $1,000/day.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-power-butte-mt",
    "name": "Atlas Power Butte Data Center",
    "operator": "Atlas Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.930855,
      "lon": -112.518238,
      "city": "Butte",
      "county": "Silver Bow",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2018",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/northwestern-energy-to-supply-atlas-power-with-75mw-of-energy-to-power-montana-data-center/",
        "label": "NorthWestern Energy to supply Atlas Power with 75MW",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mtstandard.com/news/local/atlas-power-suing-equipment-supplier-for-over-11m/article_f9ab550f-1329-5f14-988a-067f974b46a8.html",
        "label": "Atlas Power suing equipment supplier for over $11M",
        "publisher": "Montana Standard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/montana/butte/atlas-power-butte/",
        "label": "Atlas Power Butte Data Center listing, 200 Technology Way",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Atlas_Power:_Butte",
        "label": "Atlas Power: Butte",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mtstandard.com/news/local/cryptowatt-bitcoin-mining-operation-ramps-up-production-at-facility-near/article_dba4ab7b-18ba-5e3b-8f8a-2f238ae807ea.html",
        "label": "CryptoWatt bitcoin mining operation ramps up production",
        "publisher": "Montana Standard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Former Mike Mansfield Advanced Technology Center (MSE Technologies) campus at Basin Creek TEDD south of Butte. CryptoWatt LLC (subsidiary of The Burrell Group) launched bitcoin mining here in 2018; the site was later acquired/rebranded and now operates as Atlas Power (already the named operator by a Dec 2022 equipment-supplier lawsuit against BlockFills). Atlas mines crypto (ASIC/bitcoin, later pivoted partly to GPU/Ethereum) and offers ML/data-processing hosting. Reported capacity figures conflict across sources (permitted ~75MW; one listing shows 150MW; actual draw reported as low as 25MW during the ETH pivot) so capacity is left unset here pending a primary-source figure I could personally verify. NorthWestern Energy has agreed to supply Atlas 75MW of grid power beginning 2026 with a further ~75MW expected within 3-5 years (Datacenter Dynamics). A related 1,600-acre Basin Creek Solar Project expansion (intended to help power the site) was denied by the Butte Zoning Board in the face of strong public opposition.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "mixed"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-power-williston-nd",
    "name": "Atlas Power Data Center (Williston)",
    "operator": "Atlas Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 48.147,
      "lon": -103.618,
      "city": "Williston",
      "county": "Williams",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 700,
      "operational": 240
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/atlas-power-williston-north-dakota",
        "label": "Atlas Power: Williston, North Dakota Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/north-dakota/northwest-north-dakota-commission-directs-co-op-to-cut-power-to-crypto-data-center",
        "label": "Northwest North Dakota commission directs co-op to cut power to crypto data center",
        "publisher": "InForum (Forum Communications)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yesenergy.com/blog/crypto-mining-power-consumption-atlas-power",
        "label": "Crypto Mining Power Consumption: Atlas Power Sparks Grid Congestion",
        "publisher": "Yes Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "$1.9B three-phase crypto-mining + GPU-as-a-service facility built by FX Solutions for Atlas Power LLC (~65% of load is bitcoin mining per InForum). Phase 1 (~240MW) operational since 2022-23; ~700MW planned across three phases (delayed from original timeline). Interconnected via Mountrail-Williams Electric Cooperative (a Basin Electric G&T member). Atlas Power's load drove the Charlie Creek-to-Watford 230kV constraint, the costliest real-time constraint in SPP for 2023 (~$1.1M in shadow-price impact across 35% of operating hours, per Yes Energy analysis of public SPP data); Basin Electric is adding 600MW to Pioneer Generation Station plus a new 230kV Canada tie partly to relieve this congestion. Williams County Commission voted unanimously 2023-06-20 to direct MWEC to cut power to Phase II over unmet final-inspection/noise-mitigation conditions; MWEC instead filed for a district-court declaratory judgment on its authority to do so, and the commission imposed a 6-month moratorium on new crypto data centers. Not one of the 4 ND sites already tracked (Applied Digital Jamestown, Core Scientific Grand Forks, Bitzero Nekoma, Greenidge Underwood).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-project-bus-temple-ga",
    "name": "Project Bus (Atlas Development Temple Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "Atlas Development LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7376,
      "lon": -85.0327,
      "city": "Temple",
      "county": "Carroll",
      "street": "Vaughn Road / Center Point Road / Terrell Road / Mandeville Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-26",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-26",
        "note": "Development of Regional Impact form filed with the Georgia Department of Community Affairs for a 350-acre data center in Temple; rezoning, annexation and sewer extension still required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/data-center-proposed-for-temple/article_843207fd-622f-5c76-b5b9-0a999e07bff5.html",
        "label": "Data center proposed for Temple",
        "publisher": "Times-Georgian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gradickcommunications.com/data-center-planned-for-development-in-carroll-county/",
        "label": "Data Center Planned For Development In Carroll County",
        "publisher": "Gradick Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gradickcommunications.com/developer-pulls-data-center-proposal-at-least-for-now/",
        "label": "Developer Pulls Data Center Proposal… at least, for now",
        "publisher": "Gradick Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "12 buildings and 2 substations on properties with Temple addresses north and south of I-20; estimated completion 2036 and over $42M/year in combined ad valorem tax to Carroll County. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the original Times-Georgian article (2026-09-10); it covers the Development of Regional Impact filing (350 acres, ~$11B estimated value) and general academic research on data centers' impact, but documents no public hearing, resident reaction, or official statement of support/opposition specific to this project.",
    "investmentUsd": 11000000000,
    "landAcres": 350,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 275,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Sustained resident opposition organised as the Carroll County Anti-Data Center Coalition over roughly two weeks; the Carroll County Board of Commissioners issued a statement opposing annexation of the county property into Temple, and the developer withdrew the proposal on 2026-08-04. The DRI filing also recorded current water supply capacity for the site as 'not sufficient'.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-project-sassy-rome-ga",
    "name": "Project Sassy (Atlas Development Rome Campus)",
    "operator": "Atlas Development LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.257,
      "lon": -85.1647,
      "city": "Rome",
      "county": "Floyd",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Atlas submitted initial state filings for a 178-acre campus in Rome and applied to rezone the property for data center use.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/atlanta/news/data-center/developer-pitches-24m-sf-georgia-data-center-campus-129233",
        "label": "Developer Pitches 2.4M SF Georgia Data Center Campus (Project Sassy named as Atlas's first Floyd County filing)",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Explicitly the second of two Atlas projects in Floyd County per the source — a distinct site from the Coosa / Project Gracie campus on Vann Road. Atlas has not disclosed building counts or capacity, and hopes to add 15 more acres to the site.",
    "landAcres": 178,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atlas-project-springbank-adairsville-ga",
    "name": "Project Springbank (Atlas Development Bartow County Campus)",
    "operator": "Atlas Development LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.369,
      "lon": -84.9341,
      "city": "Adairsville",
      "county": "Bartow",
      "street": "Barnsley Gardens Road at Horseshoe Loop",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 432
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Preliminary plans disclosed in a Development of Regional Impact filing; rezoning from A-1 to I-1 still required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/news/local/new-data-center-proposal-in-bartow-would-require-as-much-power-as-324k-homes/article_05152f0c-ee11-11ef-9470-5b8da755f367.html",
        "label": "New data center proposal in Bartow would require as much power as 324K homes",
        "publisher": "Rome News-Tribune / Northwest Georgia News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/data-center-operator-planning-4-5b-bartow-county-campus/",
        "label": "Data Center Operator Planning $4.5B Bartow County Campus",
        "publisher": "Connect CRE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Six buildings of about 379,000 sq ft each (2.27M sq ft total), each drawing up to 78 MW for a 432 MW campus total. Anticipated completion December 2031. No named end-user operator is attached to the project. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the original Northwest Georgia News piece (2026-09-10); it covers the Development of Regional Impact filing and a site plan from Bartow County's community development director, plus a competitor CEO's skepticism about demand forecasts being overstated -- not local resident opposition or support. No public hearing, resident reaction, or elected-official statement about this specific project was found in this source.",
    "investmentUsd": 4500000000,
    "landAcres": 588,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atmosphere-dickerson-montgomery-md",
    "name": "Dickerson Data Center",
    "operator": "Atmosphere Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2117,
      "lon": -77.4736,
      "city": "Dickerson",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 360
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Five-building, 360 MW plan re-filed with Montgomery County in May 2026 (an earlier two-building proposal was approved in 2024). County public hearing scheduled for Nov. 12-13, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/dickerson-data-center-montgomery-county-md-data-center-series-pt-5/",
        "label": "Dickerson Data Center, Montgomery County, MD: Data Center Series, Pt. 5",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Five-building campus proposed by California-based Atmosphere Data Centers on the site of the decommissioned Dickerson coal power plant on the Potomac River. Single-source record: the developer's own filings were not independently retrieved. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status confirmed PROPOSED, no change -- existing record already fully captures the June 2026 six-month permit pause and July 28, 2026 18-month Council moratorium. New detail found this run: Atmosphere withdrew its legal appeal of Elrich's now-moot six-month executive-order moratorium after the Council's 18-month moratorium superseded it, and a separate county ordinance indefinitely prohibiting data centers was set to take effect 2026-08-17. This is regulatory-posture detail, not a status-enum change.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Reuses the retired Dickerson coal plant's existing transmission lines and substation infrastructure; the application also includes a utility-scale battery storage facility on the site."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 2,
      "notes": "River-water cooling proposed; a permit application seeks up to two million gallons per day from the Potomac on peak days. The Potomac was named America's most endangered river of 2026 by opponents of the project."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Sustained opposition from Montgomery County community and environmental groups. The County Executive issued a six-month permit pause on June 12, 2026, the County Council enacted an 18-month moratorium on July 28, 2026, and the developer challenged the moratorium in court.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atomic-data-minneapolis-central-mn",
    "name": "Atomic Data Minneapolis Central (MSP250)",
    "operator": "Atomic Data LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.9808119,
      "lon": -93.2673888,
      "city": "Minneapolis",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "250 Marquette Avenue South",
      "postalCode": "55401",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Listed by Atomic Data as its flagship operating facility and registered in PeeringDB as \"Atomic Data MSP250\".",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.atomicdata.com/infrastructure/",
        "label": "Atomic Data — Infrastructure (Minneapolis Central at 250 Marquette Ave S., chilled water loop, generator, 99.999% uptime)",
        "publisher": "Atomic Data LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Atomic Data MSP250, 250 Marquette Ave, Minneapolis MN 55401",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?street=250+Marquette+Ave&city=Minneapolis&state=MN&country=US&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — \"Atomic Data\", 250 Marquette Avenue, Minneapolis MN 55401 (Marquette Plaza)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Atomic Data lists three facilities — \"Minneapolis Central, MN\", \"Minneapolis East, MN\" and \"Dallas, TX\" — and publishes a street address only for Minneapolis Central. The Minneapolis East site is deliberately not recorded here: no address or coordinates are published and none may be invented. Square footage and MW are not published. OpenStreetMap carries a node explicitly named \"Atomic Data\" at this address.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Atomic Data publishes \"Dual UPS fed racks, redundant grid entrances, and auto transfer switch\", plus \"a 1,200 horsepower Caterpillar® generator\" with fuel reserves for \"20 days\"."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Atomic Data publishes an \"N+1 HVAC system with dedicated chilled water loop\" — a recirculating water circuit, recorded as closed_loop per the water-circuit tie-breaker rather than as \"air\"."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "att-redwood-city-ca",
    "name": "AT&T Redwood City Data Center",
    "operator": "AT&T",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4806769,
      "lon": -122.2007195,
      "city": "Redwood City",
      "county": "San Mateo",
      "street": "3175 Spring Street",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/att-redwood-city-data-center/",
        "label": "AT&T - Redwood City Data Center - Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "62,516 sq ft facility with 33,152 sq ft of raised-floor colocation space and access to 4.0 MW of power, per a colocation broker's facility page. Carrier-neutral, SSAE16 Type II / ISO 27001 / PCI DSS / HIPAA-aligned infrastructure with N+1 power and HVAC redundancy.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "atterix-raton-digital-hub-nm",
    "name": "Atterix Raton Advanced Digital Hub",
    "operator": "Atterix LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.9033,
      "lon": -104.4392,
      "city": "Raton",
      "county": "Colfax",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Raton City Commission approved a memorandum of understanding with Denver-based Atterix LLC for a six-month feasibility study on an advanced digital hub; the MOU bars the city from soliciting a similar project during that window.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/business/ai-data-center-proposal-in-raton-draws-opposition/article_605c80c8-0a7f-4726-b790-3e2d96f882ed.html",
        "label": "AI data center proposal in Raton draws opposition",
        "publisher": "The Santa Fe New Mexican",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kob.com/news/top-news/raton-residents-push-back-on-proposed-data-center-plans/",
        "label": "Raton residents push back on proposed data center plans",
        "publisher": "KOB 4",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/06/10/small-northern-new-mexico-city-postpones-decision-on-data-center-moratorium/",
        "label": "Small northern New Mexico city postpones decision on data center moratorium",
        "publisher": "Source New Mexico",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "Three-phase proposal: Phase 1 would convert a former Kmart on the south side of Raton into a data center drawing up to 5 MW, with later phases at a nearby power station and the city airport over roughly five years, totalling up to 50 MW. Nothing is approved — the feasibility study period ran to early August 2026 and the City Commission must still authorize any development. Atterix was incorporated in Colorado in December 2025.",
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 0,
      "permanent": 0,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 100 residents organized as 'Protect Our Resources' to press city leaders to stop or slow the project, citing noise and light pollution and water and electricity use in a town of about 6,000; the City Commission has been weighing a temporary data center moratorium.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aunalytics-kalamazoo-mi",
    "name": "Aunalytics Kalamazoo Datacenter",
    "operator": "Aunalytics",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.246545,
      "lon": -85.675111,
      "city": "Kalamazoo",
      "county": "Kalamazoo",
      "street": "6395 Technology Ave, Suite A",
      "postalCode": "49009",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/5363",
        "label": "PeeringDB — Aunalytics Kalamazoo Datacenter, 6395 Technology Ave, Suite A, Kalamazoo, MI 49009",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"Aunalytics Kalamazoo Datacenter\" with registered coordinates",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=6395+Technology+Ave%2C+Kalamazoo%2C+MI+49009&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Bureau geocoder match for 6395 Technology Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49009",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Both facility citations are PeeringDB records (one registry page, one API query), so this is effectively single-publisher provenance — held at 'reported' pending an Aunalytics-published page. Third-party listings attribute the building to Secant Technologies (an Aunalytics company) and quote 2.0 MW; that figure was not on any page fetched here and is deliberately not recorded.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aureon-616-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Aureon 616 Data Center",
    "operator": "Aureon",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5880038,
      "lon": -93.6310193,
      "city": "Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "616 10th Street",
      "postalCode": "50309",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-04",
        "note": "Listed as an in-service colocation facility on the operator's own data center page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aureon.com/solutions/data-center-solutions/",
        "label": "Aureon colocation data center solutions — 616 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Aureon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southfront.io/pop",
        "label": "South Front Networks Points of Presence — IA-DSM616 (Aureon), 616 10th St, Des Moines IA 50309",
        "publisher": "South Front Networks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility in downtown Des Moines: 30,000 total sq ft with 10,000 sq ft of white space, 2N electrical distribution with concurrently maintainable components, backup generators carrying 32 hours of on-site fuel, FM-200 suppression, and a structure the operator says is built to withstand an F3 tornado. Aureon was formerly Iowa Network Services.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Operator states the facility's operations are powered by 83.6% renewable energy."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "avaio-appomattox-va",
    "name": "AVAIO Appomattox Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "AVAIO Digital Partners",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.43,
      "lon": -78.8,
      "city": "Appomattox",
      "county": "Appomattox",
      "street": "1098 Oakville Rd",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-12-10",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/developer-plans-3b-data-center-in-appomattox-county/",
        "label": "Developer plans $3B data center in Appomattox County",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2026/03/24/board-answers-questions-future-data-center/",
        "label": "Appomattox County answers questions for future data center",
        "publisher": "WDBJ7",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/avaio-appomattox-va",
        "label": "Avaio: Appomattox, VA Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "AVAIO Digital Partners (Stamford, CT) signed a purchase agreement with the Appomattox County EDA for a 452-acre site (also cited as 442 acres) north of the town of Appomattox, accessible via US 460 and VA 26. The site is zoned for data-center use; construction is planned in phases through 2027-2028. Power via Central Virginia Electric Cooperative and Dominion Energy. Not previously tracked under any name.",
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 452,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "avaio-digital-leo-little-rock-ar",
    "name": "AVAIO Digital Leo Campus",
    "operator": "AVAIO Digital Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.68,
      "lon": -92.296,
      "county": "Pulaski",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "AVAIO Digital announces $6B+ AI-ready data center campus in Pulaski County; Governor Sanders describes it as largest economic investment in Arkansas history; construction targeted Q1 2026 start",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasedc.com/news-events/newsroom/detail/2026/01/12/avaio-digital-announces-new-large-scale-ai-ready-data-center-and-power-campus-in-little-rock--arkansas",
        "label": "AVAIO Digital Announces New Large-Scale AI-Ready Data Center and Power Campus in Little Rock, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Economic Development Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/avaio-digital-announces-new-large-scale-ai-ready-data-center-and-power-campus-in-little-rock-arkansas-302658354.html",
        "label": "AVAIO Digital Announces New Large-Scale AI-Ready Data Center and Power Campus in Little Rock, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/local-regional-news/2026-05-27/arkansas-most-populous-county-approves-data-center-moratorium-but-with-exemption",
        "label": "Arkansas's most populous county approves data-center moratorium, but with an AVAIO exemption",
        "publisher": "UALR Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/sep/09/entergy-re-submits-avaio-power-agreement-to/",
        "label": "Entergy re-submits AVAIO power agreement to Arkansas Public Service Commission",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arktimes.com/arkansas-blog/2026/08/28/giga-what-avaio-comes-clean-about-big-plans-in-wrightsville",
        "label": "Giga-what?! AVAIO comes clean about big plans in Wrightsville",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Location: off Interstate 530 near 145th Street, Pulaski County; coordinates are approximate for the I-530 corridor south of Little Rock. Named after the Leo constellation. Initial $6B investment may grow to $21B through full build-out. First phase completion targeted June 2027. Campus sits near long-haul fiber routes connecting Dallas, Atlanta, and Memphis. Q1 2026 construction start was planned as of announcement; current construction status unconfirmed as of research date. Fix: energy.source corrected from 'on_site_gas' to 'mixed'; onSiteGenerationMw removed — the 150 MW figure is the Entergy Arkansas grid supply contract, not on-site generation; on-site gas capacity is unquantified in sources. Arkansas's data-center sales-and-use tax exemption (Act 819 of 2023, expanded by Act 548 of 2025) likely applies given the investment scale, but no AVAIO-specific incentive award has been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Entergy Arkansas",
      "notes": "150 MW contracted from Entergy Arkansas (grid supply, energized Q2 2027); additional substantial on-site natural gas infrastructure planned (capacity not specified in sources); up to 1 GW anticipated total demand as facility grows. Rainwater capture, rooftop solar, and advanced cooling economization also planned."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "AVAIO's project manager testified to the Pulaski County Quorum Court that the campus would demand about 200,000 gallons of water per day on average during warmer months, dropping to near zero in winter; the specific cooling technology was not disclosed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 760,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Pulaski County adopted a one-year data-center moratorium (10 votes) in May 2026 but exempted AVAIO by a bare 8-vote majority — the minimum on the 15-member Quorum Court. Residents opposed the project over water use and farmland; it is backed by state and county leadership and the Little Rock Regional Chamber.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "avaio-perseus-pittsburg-ca",
    "name": "AVAIO Digital Perseus",
    "operator": "AVAIO Digital Partners",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.011358,
      "lon": -121.91098,
      "city": "Pittsburg",
      "county": "Contra Costa",
      "street": "2232 Golf Club Rd",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 99
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Pittsburg City Council approved the Pittsburg Technology Park Specific Plan 5-0, enabling redevelopment of the former Delta View Golf Course into a 3-phase technology park including the Perseus Data Center."
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-12-08",
        "note": "California Energy Commission granted opt-in certification for 99 MW (Phase 1); City of Pittsburg Zoning Administrator granted Commercial Design Review approval Dec 11, 2025, with a further modification approved Feb 12, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.avaiodigital.com/developments/pittsburg-california",
        "label": "AVAIO Perseus (Pittsburg, CA) project page",
        "publisher": "AVAIO Digital Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.avaiodigital.com/updates/avaio-digital-marks-major-milestone-as-cec-approves-99mw-for-bay-area-data-center-project-perseus",
        "label": "AVAIO Digital marks major milestone as CEC approves 99MW for Bay Area data center project Perseus",
        "publisher": "AVAIO Digital Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2025100607/4",
        "label": "Notice of Determination - Commercial Design Review modification",
        "publisher": "California CEQAnet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.climatecasechart.com/collections/center-for-biological-diversity-v-city-of-pittsburg_4f57be",
        "label": "Center for Biological Diversity v. City of Pittsburg - case record",
        "publisher": "Sabin Center Climate Litigation Database",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://biologicaldiversity.org/w/news/press-releases/agreement-secures-renewable-energy-recycled-water-for-california-data-center-2025-12-16/",
        "label": "Agreement secures renewable energy, recycled water for California data center",
        "publisher": "Center for Biological Diversity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://contracosta.news/2026/06/16/residents-blast-pittsburg-city-council-over-data-center-approval/",
        "label": "Residents blast Pittsburg City Council over data center approval",
        "publisher": "Contra Costa News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Redevelopment of the former Delta View Golf Course (76 acres) into a 3-phase Pittsburg Technology Park; Phase 1 is the ~300,000 sq ft Perseus Data Center, targeting first occupancy in 2027. Status corrected to 'permitted' (not 'proposed'): the project holds a CEC opt-in certification (99 MW, Dec 8 2025) and a City of Pittsburg Commercial Design Review approval (Dec 11 2025, modified Feb 12 2026); no source confirms groundbreaking/construction has started. capacityMw.planned=99 reflects the CEC-certified figure, superseding an earlier ~92MW target; the Specific Plan's long-term ceiling of up to 500MW across the full technology park is undated/speculative and not recorded here. Investment ($800M+) is AVAIO's own Dec 2024 disclosure, widely syndicated but not independently audited. Jobs figures are not disclosed anywhere found and are omitted. aiClassification set to 'likely': AVAIO's own materials use explicit 'AI and cloud-driven deployments' language but do not publish GPU/HPC-specific technical specs. The Center for Biological Diversity's CEQA lawsuit (Case No. N24-2162, filed Dec 2024) was SETTLED in Dec 2025 (CBD agreed not to oppose Phase 1 in exchange for 100% renewable/carbon-free electricity, rooftop solar, 100% recycled water for cooling, wildlife monitoring, and a $750,000 community climate-resiliency payment) - it is not an active legal threat, though broader public opposition continues (see community).",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Dec 2025 CBD settlement commits the project to 100% renewable/carbon-free electricity plus rooftop solar."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Dec 2025 CBD settlement commits the project to 100% recycled water for cooling."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 76,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The CBD CEQA lawsuit was settled Dec 2025, but public opposition continues independently: a Change.org petition had roughly 14,000 signatures as of June 2026, and a June 15 2026 City Council meeting drew 200+ attendees with mostly-opposed public comment; the Mayor and Council directed an additional public workshop (held July 30, 2026).",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "avaio-taurus-brandon-ms",
    "name": "AVAIO Digital Taurus",
    "operator": "AVAIO Digital Partners",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.27,
      "lon": -89.99,
      "city": "Brandon",
      "county": "Rankin",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 116
    },
    "poweredBy": "Entergy Mississippi",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-19",
        "note": "AVAIO Digital announced $6B AI-ready data center campus in Brandon, Rankin County, MS; Mississippi Development Authority approved Data Center Enterprises tax exemption.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09-10",
        "note": "Groundbreaking held at East Metropolitan Center Business and Industrial Park in Brandon.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/avaio-digital-to-build-new-ai-ready-6-billion-data-center-hub-in-brandon-mississippi-302533141.html",
        "label": "AVAIO Digital Taurus announcement press release",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / AVAIO Digital Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.avaiodigital.com/developments/brandon-mississippi",
        "label": "AVAIO Digital Taurus official project page",
        "publisher": "AVAIO Digital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mississippi.org/news/avaio-digital-to-locate-6-billion-data-center-campus-in-rankin-county/",
        "label": "Mississippi Development Authority project announcement",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Development Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/avaio-digital-to-locate-6-billion-data-center-campus-in-rankin-county-campus-represents-the-third-largest-economic-development-project-in-state-history/",
        "label": "Governor Reeves office announcement — third-largest project in MS history",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor of Mississippi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://brandonms.org/city-of-brandon-welcomes-avaio-digitals-6-billion-investment-in-new-ai-ready-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "City of Brandon welcome announcement",
        "publisher": "City of Brandon, MS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2025/09/03/data-center-petition-brandon-mississippi-environment-pollution-energy/",
        "label": "Brandon residents petition — water, power, pollution concerns",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/avaio-digital-breaks-ground-on-6-billion-brandon-data-center-campus-leading-mississippi-contractor-begins-site-work-302551238.html",
        "label": "AVAIO Digital Breaks Ground on $6 Billion Brandon Data Center Campus; Leading Mississippi Contractor Begins Site Work",
        "publisher": "AVAIO Digital Partners (PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Distinct from AVAIO's 'Leo' campus in Little Rock/Pulaski County AR — do not conflate. Site: East Metropolitan Center Business and Industrial Park, Brandon. Land acreage: AVAIO's own project page and groundbreaking materials cite 329 acres; the August 19 press release cited 175 acres — 329 used as more authoritative per operator's site. Capacity: 116 MW initial via executed ESA with Entergy Mississippi (energized June 2027 per operator site); Entergy guiding an additional 420 MW of grid power available by end of 2030; access to Gulf South Pipeline for up to 500 MW of on-site behind-the-meter thermal generation starting Q2 2027 — total baseload path to over 1 GW. The 116 MW planned figure reflects the executed first-phase ESA only; full buildout remains a projection. Investment: $6B stated without 'up to' qualifier across operator, MDA, and Governor's office sources; Governor's office describes it as the third-largest economic development project in Mississippi history. Jobs: 'at least 60 direct, high-tech jobs' and 'hundreds of indirect jobs ranging from construction to other related industries' — projections, not firm figures; no construction vs permanent breakdown confirmed. Rooftop solar of 20+ MW planned (behind-the-meter). Recycled water and new sewer line extension cited by operator as water infrastructure options. Estimated $23M in ad valorem tax revenue annually per Rankin First (county economic development group). Coordinates approximate (Brandon city center, Rankin County).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "Initial 116 MW grid power via executed ESA with Entergy Mississippi (June 2027 target energization). Additional 420 MW grid power from Entergy projected by end of 2030. On-site thermal generation via Gulf South Pipeline access (up to 500 MW planned, Q2 2027 start) — on-site gas not yet built. Rooftop solar 20+ MW planned. Behind-the-meter generation noted by operator."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Operator describes water-efficient cooling, rainwater recapture, cooling system economization (air-side economization implied), and recycled water as an available option. New sewer line extension under construction for wastewater. No specific MGD figure disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Mississippi Data Center Enterprises tax exemption (approved by MDA; sales & use tax incentives for campus tenants; multi-year, no confirmed total amount)",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "program": "Data Center Enterprises tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 329,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 60,
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Strong official support: Governor Reeves, Mayor Butch Lee (Brandon), Rankin County, and MDA all endorsed project. Community opposition emerged before groundbreaking: online petition to Rankin County Board of Supervisors demanded written guarantees against utility bill increases and air/water pollution, and called for construction halt if guarantees cannot be made. Residents cited concerns about water consumption, air pollution (referencing xAI Memphis gas turbine precedent), power demands, and traffic. Community group 'Mississippi For Mississippi' produced an impact-distance map. Rankin County supervisors did not respond to press inquiries. No litigation reported.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aventus-715-marshfield-wi",
    "name": "Aventus 715 Data Center",
    "operator": "Aventus Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.632178,
      "lon": -90.1734887,
      "city": "Marshfield",
      "county": "Wood",
      "street": "901 Commerce Dr.",
      "postalCode": "54449",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aventusdatacenters.com/aventus-715/",
        "label": "Aventus 715 — operator facility page (901 Commerce Dr., Marshfield, WI 54449; 20,000 sq ft)",
        "publisher": "Aventus Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"Aventus 715, Marshfield\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=901+Commerce+Drive%2C+Marshfield%2C+WI+54449&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Commerce Drive, Mill Creek Business Park, Marshfield, Wood County (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "20,000 sq ft central-Wisconsin colocation facility with carrier-neutral connectivity, hierarchical local/cloud hybrid storage and backup replication to a facility 100 miles away. Same operator as Aventus Lakes in Milwaukee but a separate site. ⚠️ The geocode resolved to \"East Commerce Drive, Mill Creek Business Park, Marshfield\" rather than the exact street number the operator publishes (901 Commerce Dr.), so the pin is street-level within the business park and should be treated as approximate, not parcel-confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Dual 2,500 kVA utility power feeds, dual full-load long-haul diesel generators, dual UPS power conditioning and battery backup."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Operator describes \"Redundant Cooling systems\" with plenum-directed cooling in both vaults and 24/7/365 equipment and temperature monitoring, but does not identify the heat-rejection method."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aventus-lakes-milwaukee-wi",
    "name": "Aventus Lakes Data Center",
    "operator": "Aventus Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.1513247,
      "lon": -88.009665,
      "city": "Milwaukee",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "street": "7901 W. Clinton Ave.",
      "postalCode": "53223",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://aventusdatacenters.com/aventus-lakes/",
        "label": "Aventus Lakes — operator facility page (address, 26,432 sq ft, vaults, power)",
        "publisher": "Aventus Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"Aventus Lakes, Milwaukee\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=7901+W+Clinton+Ave%2C+Milwaukee%2C+WI+53223&format=json&limit=1&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 7901 West Clinton Avenue, Granville, Milwaukee (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "26,432 sq ft carrier-hotel and colocation facility in Milwaukee's Granville area, marketed as engineered for AI/GPU retrofit (415V three-phase, direct liquid cooling) alongside conventional air-cooled cabinets. Not a duplicate of any tracked Milwaukee site: distinct from Data Holdings (3135 W. Highland), TierPoint, and Expedient MKE1 (4777 W. Ironwood, Franklin).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "4,000 amp underground utility power feed, dual full-load long-haul diesel generators, dual UPS power conditioning and battery backup."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "The operator describes three \"data vaults\" — Vault 1 air-cooled secure cabinets (4,900 sq ft), Vault 2 a liquid-cooled supercomputer configuration (2,000 sq ft), Vault 3 air-cooled expansion (4,000 sq ft) — plus \"Redundant Cooling systems\" and plenum-directed cooling. Those describe rack-level heat capture, not the heat-rejection method, so the coolingType axis is genuinely not identified by the source."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-2550-beech-road-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "AWS New Albany (2550 Beech Road)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.094442,
      "lon": -82.750086,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2017",
        "note": "Operational since ~2017 per data-center aggregators (Baxtel, which lists the building as 'Park Two', ~459,000 sq ft). The parcel is owned by Vadata Inc, Amazon's data-center subsidiary, and carries the auditor's built industrial land-use class (305), not vacant (300).",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=Parcel%3D'095-111744-00.000'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (parcel 095-111744-00.000, 2550 Beech Rd NW — Vadata Inc, Industrial land-use class 305 'Research/Chemical Labs' = built, 65.3 ac)",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newalbanyohio.org/news/2025/08/amazon-investment-in-new-albany/",
        "label": "Amazon Investment in New Albany Contributes $1.4 Billion to Licking County GDP",
        "publisher": "City of New Albany",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-2570-beech-road",
        "label": "Amazon: 2570 Beech Road Data Center ('Park Two', ~459,000 sq ft, operational since 2017)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "Operational AWS data center on a ~65-acre Vadata Inc parcel at 2550 Beech Rd NW — part of Amazon's original New Albany (AWS US-East-2) footprint, predating and physically distinct from the ~458-acre Beech/Miller five-building expansion tracked separately as aws-beech-road-new-albany-oh (under construction, ~2.4 km north). Licking County Auditor land-use class 305 ('Research/Chemical Labs' = built industrial, vs class 300 'Industrial Vacant Land' on the neighboring expansion parcels); owner Vadata Inc (Amazon's data-center subsidiary). Data-center aggregators list the building as '2570 Beech Road' / 'Park Two' (a prior Compute Atlas note called it 'Ridge Two'), ~459,000 sq ft, operational since ~2017 — the building code-name and year rest on aggregator data, not a primary filing. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Licking County Auditor parcel centroid. Distinct from tracked aws-cosgray-hilliard-oh and aws-scioto-darby-hilliard-oh (Hilliard, Franklin County).",
    "landAcres": 65.3,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-3180-beech-road-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "AWS New Albany (3180 Beech Road)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.104129,
      "lon": -82.750939,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Listed as built 2024 / fully operational by data-center directories; Licking County Auditor land-use class 305 ('Research/Chemical Labs' = built industrial) on the Amazon Data Services Inc parcel.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=Parcel%3D'095-111618-04.000'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County Auditor parcel/GIS record (parcel 095-111618-04.000, Beech Rd NW — Amazon Data Services Inc, Industrial land-use class 305 'Research/Chemical Labs' = built, 106.4 ac)",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-3180-beech-dc1",
        "label": "Amazon 3180 Beech Rd Campus ('North Hub') — fully operational, built 2024; 112-acre parcel bought April 2020 for $21.8M, distinct from the original 2570 Beech campus and the Beech/Miller expansion",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-3180-beech-rd-campus",
        "label": "Amazon: 3180 Beech Rd Campus Data Center (Baxtel)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/more-amazon-wind-and-solar-farms-are-live/",
        "label": "AWS News Blog: More Amazon wind and solar farms are live",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Operational AWS data center on a ~106-acre Amazon Data Services Inc parcel on Beech Rd NW, New Albany — a second built AWS building on Beech Rd, physically distinct from the tracked '2550 Beech Road' building (aws-2550-beech-road-new-albany-oh, ~1.1 km south) and from the under-construction ~458-acre Beech/Miller five-building expansion (aws-beech-road-new-albany-oh). Data-center directories label it the 'North Hub'; the 112-acre parcel was bought April 2020 for $21.8M and the building is listed as built 2024 / fully operational. Licking County Auditor land-use class 305 ('Research/Chemical Labs' = built industrial, vs class 300 'Industrial Vacant Land' on the neighboring pre-construction parcels); owner Amazon Data Services Inc. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Licking County Auditor parcel centroid (parcel 095-111618-04.000).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "3180 Beech Rd is part of Amazon's New Albany 'Silicon Heartland' campus expansion (112 acres acquired 2020, adjacent to the original 68-acre campus)."
    },
    "landAcres": 106.41,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-arlington-gilliam-or",
    "name": "AWS Arlington Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.7168,
      "lon": -120.20088,
      "city": "Arlington",
      "county": "Gilliam",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bendbulletin.com/2025/02/16/amazon-plans-major-data-center-expansion-in-tiny-eastern-oregon-town/",
        "label": "Amazon plans major data center expansion in tiny Eastern Oregon town — 376 acres bought for $10 million, plus 30 more acres from the Port of Arlington for $3 million; served by PacifiCorp; tax terms to be negotiated under the Strategic Investment Program because Gilliam County does not qualify for the enterprise zone program",
        "publisher": "The Bulletin (Bend, OR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/arlington-ore-amazon-plan-large-data-center-in-tiny-city",
        "label": "Arlington, Ore., Amazon Plan Large Data Center in Tiny City — 400 acres total (376 acres for $10M plus 30 acres from Port of Arlington for $3M), PacifiCorp service, SIP negotiations not yet begun",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.timesjournal1886.com/story/2026/07/16/news/arlington-pushes-ahead-with-municipal-water-system/2056.html",
        "label": "Arlington pushes ahead with municipal water system — The Times-Journal (2026-07-16, updated 2026-07-29)",
        "publisher": "The Times-Journal (Condon, OR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp",
      "notes": "The Times-Journal (July 2026): AWS will not proceed with the Arlington water infrastructure until it has reliable electricity, which is not expected before 2031; the article cites a six-to-seven-year BPA transmission backlog and AWS's Oregon PUC complaint against PacifiCorp over data center service."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The Times-Journal (July 2026) quotes city officials that 'AWS intends to build this closed-loop system at its Arlington campus' to reduce consumption; AWS's $19.4M Columbia River water system (reservoir, booster station, port pump station, water lines) is on hold until grid power is available."
    },
    "landAcres": 406,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-beech-road-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "AWS New Albany (Beech/Miller Road Campus)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.11593,
      "lon": -82.75731,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-09",
        "note": "$3.5B five-building expansion announced Sept 2023; two buildings completed and staffed by Aug 2025, remainder under construction",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=UPPER(OwnerName)+LIKE+'%25AMAZON%25'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC — Beech Rd NW / Miller Rd NW cluster; anchor parcel 095-111408, 199.81 ac)",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newalbanyohio.org/news/2025/08/amazon-investment-in-new-albany/",
        "label": "Amazon Investment in New Albany Contributes $1.4 Billion to Licking County GDP",
        "publisher": "City of New Albany",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newalbanyohio.org/news/2023/09/amazon-web-services-announces-plan-to-invest-3-5-billion-in-new-albany-by-2030/",
        "label": "Amazon Web Services Announces Plan to Invest $3.5 Billion in New Albany by 2030",
        "publisher": "City of New Albany",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/33011941/aws-readies-35b-for-5-more-ohio-data-centers-in-booming-columbus-suburb-new-albany",
        "label": "AWS Readies $3.5B for 5 More Ohio Data Centers in New Albany",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "AWS's Licking-side New Albany expansion: a $3.5B, five-building, ~1.25M sq ft campus (announced Sept 2023, targeted through 2030) on the Amazon Data Services Beech Rd NW / Miller Rd NW parcel cluster (~458 ac). Two buildings were completed and staffed as of Aug 2025; the remainder are under construction. Adjacent to (but distinct from) AWS's pre-existing 2570 Beech Rd \"Ridge Two\" campus (operational since ~2017, a separate parcel not in this record). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed (a widely-repeated 500 MW figure is an AWS us-east-2 regional aggregate, not this campus). Amazon's 2023 Ohio Job Creation Tax Credit is a multi-site umbrella (17 facilities across Franklin/Licking/Union counties), not specific to this parcel. Distinct from tracked aws-cosgray-hilliard-oh and aws-scioto-darby-hilliard-oh (Hilliard, Franklin County, west of Columbus). Status refresh 2026-08-08: the completion target has PASSED without confirmation. As of the city's 2025-08-07 update, two campus buildings were finished and staffed (tracked separately as the 2550 and 3180 Beech Road records) with the remainder \"expected to be operational by the end of the year\" — i.e. end-2025. No fetched source confirms that happened, so this record stays under_construction rather than being promoted on an expectation. Worth re-checking with a Licking County occupancy or AWS regional announcement.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "New Albany data-center property-tax abatement (100% for 15 years, then 75% for 15 years)",
        "jurisdiction": "City of New Albany / Community Reinvestment Area",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3500000000,
    "landAcres": 458,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-benton-bossier-parish-la",
    "name": "Amazon Web Services Bossier Parish Campus (Benton)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.77,
      "lon": -93.74,
      "city": "Benton",
      "county": "Bossier",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Announced 2026-02-24 as one of two northwest Louisiana campuses in Amazon's $12 billion program. KSLA confirmed the location as about five miles north of Benton on the west side of Highway 3.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Construction begins at the Caddo and Bossier campuses.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/amazon-selects-louisiana-for-12-billion-data-center-campuses-in-major-u-s-expansion",
        "label": "Amazon Selects Louisiana for $12 Billion Data Center Campuses in Major U.S. Expansion",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksla.com/2026/02/24/campuses-newly-announced-amazon-data-center-spanning-bossier-caddo-parishes-confirmed/",
        "label": "Campuses for newly announced Amazon data center spanning Bossier & Caddo parishes confirmed",
        "publisher": "KSLA News 12",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "One of the two campuses covered by Amazon's $12 billion northwest Louisiana announcement; the other is just north of Blanchard Latex Road in Caddo Parish. KSLA places this campus about five miles north of Benton on the west side of Highway 3. STACK Infrastructure is the developer partner and each campus is approximately 2-3 million sq ft. Program-level figures are deliberately not attributed to this site: the $12 billion investment and the roughly 1,500 construction / 540 permanent job figures cover both campuses jointly, and Amazon's up-to-$400 million public water-infrastructure commitment covers all of its northwest Louisiana campuses. The separately announced Resilient Technology Park campus in west Shreveport is tracked as aws-resilient-technology-park-shreveport-la; KSLA reported on 2026-02-24 that it is not part of the $12 billion investment. Coordinates are derived from the published road description and are approximate; no parcel coordinate has been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "SWEPCO (Southwestern Electric Power Company)",
      "notes": "Amazon is covering 100% of grid connection costs. The two campuses were placed on separate transmission lines for redundancy across the Red River. SWEPCO is the utility provider."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Amazon says it will fund all water and wastewater improvements required by the projects, investing up to $400 million in public water infrastructure across its northwest Louisiana campuses. That figure is program-level. No cooling technology or withdrawal figure has been published for this campus."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Louisiana High Impact Jobs and Data Center Sales Tax Exemption (Act 730)",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Protesters at the February 2026 announcement raised water-use and environmental concerns about the northwest Louisiana program. Amazon's campuses are expected to become the largest property taxpayer in both Caddo and Bossier parishes. The litigation reported in connection with this program concerned the separate Resilient Technology Park site in west Shreveport, not this campus.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-birchwood-data-campus-king-george-va",
    "name": "Birchwood Data Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.25934134516552,
      "lon": -77.32191549954541,
      "city": "King George",
      "county": "King George",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-09-01",
        "note": "Rezoning approved September 2023; contested vested-rights case in circuit court.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/virginias-king-george-county-approves-land-rezoning-for-aws-data-campus/",
        "label": "Virginia's King George County approves rezoning for AWS data campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "869 acres (former power-plant site), 19 buildings, 7.5M sq ft; rezoning approved Sept 2023; contested vested-rights case in circuit court. Via Birchwood Power Partners.",
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 869,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Rezoning approved Sept 2023; a vested-rights challenge is contested in circuit court."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-blanchard-caddo-parish-la",
    "name": "Amazon Web Services Caddo Parish Campus (Blanchard)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.6,
      "lon": -94.04,
      "city": "Blanchard",
      "county": "Caddo",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Announced 2026-02-24 as one of two northwest Louisiana campuses in Amazon's $12 billion program. KSLA confirmed the location as just north of Blanchard Latex Road on State Line Road.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Construction begins at the Caddo and Bossier campuses.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/amazon-selects-louisiana-for-12-billion-data-center-campuses-in-major-u-s-expansion",
        "label": "Amazon Selects Louisiana for $12 Billion Data Center Campuses in Major U.S. Expansion",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksla.com/2026/02/24/campuses-newly-announced-amazon-data-center-spanning-bossier-caddo-parishes-confirmed/",
        "label": "Campuses for newly announced Amazon data center spanning Bossier & Caddo parishes confirmed",
        "publisher": "KSLA News 12",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "One of the two campuses covered by Amazon's $12 billion northwest Louisiana announcement; the other is roughly five miles north of Benton in Bossier Parish. KSLA places this campus just north of Blanchard Latex Road on State Line Road. STACK Infrastructure is the developer partner and each campus is approximately 2-3 million sq ft. Program-level figures are deliberately not attributed to this site: the $12 billion investment and the roughly 1,500 construction / 540 permanent job figures cover both campuses jointly, and Amazon's up-to-$400 million public water-infrastructure commitment covers all of its northwest Louisiana campuses. The separately announced Resilient Technology Park campus in west Shreveport is tracked as aws-resilient-technology-park-shreveport-la; KSLA reported on 2026-02-24 that it is not part of the $12 billion investment. Coordinates are derived from the published road description and are approximate; no parcel coordinate has been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "SWEPCO (Southwestern Electric Power Company)",
      "notes": "Amazon is covering 100% of grid connection costs. The two campuses were placed on separate transmission lines for redundancy across the Red River. SWEPCO is the utility provider."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Amazon says it will fund all water and wastewater improvements required by the projects, investing up to $400 million in public water infrastructure across its northwest Louisiana campuses. That figure is program-level. No cooling technology or withdrawal figure has been published for this campus."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Louisiana High Impact Jobs and Data Center Sales Tax Exemption (Act 730)",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Protesters at the February 2026 announcement raised water-use and environmental concerns about the northwest Louisiana program. Amazon's campuses are expected to become the largest property taxpayer in both Caddo and Bossier parishes. The litigation reported in connection with this program concerned the separate Resilient Technology Park site in west Shreveport, not this campus.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-boardman-bombing-range-road-or",
    "name": "AWS Boardman — Bombing Range Road Campus (PDX-178)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.8193,
      "lon": -119.6342,
      "city": "Boardman",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "street": "Bombing Range Road",
      "postalCode": "97818",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2022-03",
        "note": "Morrow County approved Amazon's application in March 2022 for a 127-acre campus on the west side of Bombing Range Road, one mile south of the Highway 730 / I-84 interchange: four single-story data center buildings of 215,461 sq ft each, plus water storage tanks, an industrial water treatment building, a security building and a 14,000 sq ft data storage building (Yost Grube Hall Architecture).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Baxtel lists the campus (PDX-178) as operational with a 2024 build year; OSM maps four AWS data-center buildings on the parcel.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/aws-expanding-presence-in-oregon-with-four-more-data-centers-in-morrow-county",
        "label": "AWS expanding presence in Oregon with four more data centers in Morrow County — Baxtel News (2022-05-05)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-bombing-range-campus",
        "label": "Amazon: Bombing Range (PDX-178) Data Center — Baxtel (operational; built 2024; 127 acres; four buildings)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1280344157",
        "label": "OSM way 1280344157 — Amazon Web Services data center, Bombing Range Road, Boardman (owner Vadata Inc)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1386017492",
        "label": "OSM way 1386017492 — Amazon Web Services data center, Bombing Range Road, Boardman",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.governing.com/resilience/oregons-rural-power-utility-has-become-a-big-polluter",
        "label": "Oregon's rural power utility has become a big polluter — The Oregonian via Governing (2024-02-20)",
        "publisher": "Governing / The Oregonian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "127-acre AWS campus west of Bombing Range Road, south of the Port of Morrow: four 215,461 sq ft single-story data center buildings approved March 2022, with the first phase delivering one building. Baxtel reports the campus operational (2024); OSM maps four AWS buildings at the site. IT capacity not published. Distinct from the tracked PDX154 Boardman Airport campus ~14 km west and from the proposed Threemile 'Exascale' record. Coordinates are the centroid of the four OSM building footprints.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Umatilla Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "The Oregonian (2024) reports Umatilla Electric Cooperative serves Amazon's data center buildout in the region; the 2022 approval coverage describes an on-site substation for the campus."
    },
    "landAcres": 127,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-boardman-lewis-clark-west-or",
    "name": "AWS Boardman — Lewis and Clark Drive West Campus (PDX1)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.8523,
      "lon": -119.6302,
      "city": "Boardman",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "street": "73575 Lewis and Clark Drive",
      "postalCode": "97818",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2011",
        "note": "Amazon's original Port of Morrow campus (OSM building refs PDX1, PDX50/53, PDX56/59 at 73575–73579 Lewis and Clark Dr). Amazon states it has been 'an active member of eastern Oregon communities since 2011'; per-building opening dates are not published.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460070147",
        "label": "OSM way 460070147 — Amazon Web Services data center 'PDX1', 73575 Lewis and Clark Drive, Boardman (owner Vadata Inc)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460070145",
        "label": "OSM way 460070145 — Amazon Web Services data center 'PDX50/53', 73577 Lewis and Clark Drive, Boardman",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/697415323",
        "label": "OSM way 697415323 — Amazon Web Services data center 'PDX56/59', 73579 Lewis and Clark Drive, Boardman",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2023/05/11/amazon-1-billion-tax-breaks-oregon-building-5-new-data-centers/",
        "label": "Amazon to get $1 billion in tax breaks in Oregon for 5 new data centers — Fortune/AP (2023-05-11): 'four giant data centers in Morrow County'; 'active member of eastern Oregon communities since 2011'",
        "publisher": "Fortune / Associated Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2023/05/19/amazon-data-center-oregon-morrow-county/",
        "label": "Morrow County OKs $1 billion deal in tax breaks with Amazon — OPB (2023-05-19)",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/committed-to-our-communities-the-economic-impact-of-awss-15-6-billion-investment-in-oregon",
        "label": "The economic impact of AWS's $15.6 billion investment in Oregon — Amazon (Boardman, Hermiston, Umatilla)",
        "publisher": "Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.governing.com/resilience/oregons-rural-power-utility-has-become-a-big-polluter",
        "label": "Oregon's rural power utility has become a big polluter — The Oregonian via Governing (2024-02-20): Umatilla Electric Cooperative serves Amazon's data centers",
        "publisher": "Governing / The Oregonian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "One of four AWS data center campuses at the Port of Morrow that pre-date the 2023 enterprise-zone deal. Compute Atlas's existing 'Amazon Boardman Exascale' record covers only the proposed 1,300-acre Threemile Canyon site and explicitly excludes Amazon's ~800 acres of operating Morrow County facilities, of which this is the original cluster. Capacity per campus is not published (Amazon reports $15.6B invested in Morrow and Umatilla counties 2012–2021 — an entity-level figure, not this site's). Coordinates are the OSM footprint centroid of the three mapped buildings.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Umatilla Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "The Oregonian (2024) reports Umatilla Electric Cooperative serves Amazon's data center buildout; with federal hydropower already allocated, the cooperative buys market power that is largely fossil-generated."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-boardman-morrow-county-or",
    "name": "Amazon Boardman Exascale Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.84,
      "lon": -119.702,
      "city": "Boardman",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Oregon grid (majority hydro); local retail utility PacifiCorp (Pacific Power)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Amazon purchased 1,300 acres from Threemile Canyon Farms dairy for $37M near Boardman. Planning documents indicate 20 buildings, 4 million sq ft, 1 GW capacity. Amazon stated development plans not final.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-purchases-1300-acres-in-morrow-county-oregon/",
        "label": "Amazon Purchases 1,300 Acres in Morrow County, Oregon",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lincolnchronicle.org/oregon-communities-envision-9100-acres-for-new-data-centers-quadrupling-the-industrys-footprint/",
        "label": "Oregon Communities Envision 9,100 Acres for New Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Lincoln Chronicle / The Oregonian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/sustainability/amazon-data-center-water-usage",
        "label": "How Amazon data centers use water for cooling",
        "publisher": "Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.morrowcountyor.gov/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning_commission/page/16917/exhibit_08_-_economic_impact_analysis.pdf",
        "label": "Johnson Economics — Economic Impact Analysis of Prospective Exascale Data Center Development in Morrow County (Jan 2025)",
        "publisher": "Morrow County Planning Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/amazon-plans-another-data-center-southwest-of-tri-cities",
        "label": "Tri-Cities Business News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Amazon confirmed the land purchase ($37M per Morrow County property records, confirmed by multiple news sources) but stated development plans are not final. Planning documents submitted to Morrow County describe a 1 GW exascale campus with 20 buildings across 4 million sq ft; Johnson Economics estimated $8B-$12B total investment. Land previously owned by Threemile Canyon Farms dairy. Distinct from Amazon's existing ~800 acres of operating/under-construction OR facilities. Lincoln Chronicle source URL returned 403 on fetch — primary claim supported by DCD source. energy.utility corrected from 'Bonneville Power Administration' (wholesale) to 'PacifiCorp (Pacific Power)' (retail utility). Coordinates are Boardman city centroid; exact site not publicly confirmed. Johnson Economics' economic-impact analysis (Morrow County Planning Commission, Jan 2025) models the full 1 GW campus at roughly $8 billion investment (potential range $7-12 billion), about 6,400 construction FTE over an eight-year build (~800/year) and about 560 operations FTE, assuming an Oregon Strategic Investment Program (SIP) property-tax abatement — modeled projections for a still-proposed campus, not firm commitments.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp (Pacific Power)",
      "notes": "PacifiCorp (Pacific Power) is the local retail utility in Morrow County; AWS filed power complaints against PacifiCorp in November 2025 regarding insufficient capacity. BPA Columbia River hydroelectric generation underlies the Oregon grid and is a major component of what PacifiCorp delivers. AWS claims 95% renewable sourcing in Oregon. AWS also holds wind PPA (Leaning Juniper IIA, 98.4 MW) in same county."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Reflects Amazon's documented Oregon cooling practice — primarily free-air cooling with evaporative assist, with up to ~96% of cooling water returned to local farmers. Planning documents model roughly 35 million gallons/year for the full 1 GW campus (a projection). The specific cooling design for this proposed campus is not confirmed."
    },
    "landAcres": 1300,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Morrow County Planning Commission approved Amazon's 'PDX154' land-use application (816,000 sq ft / 4 buildings, part of the broader campus) on March 31, 2026 with conditions attached (stormwater/wastewater mitigation, airport-lighting restrictions).",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-boardman-rippee-road-or",
    "name": "AWS Boardman — Rippee Road Campus (PDX4)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.8408,
      "lon": -119.654,
      "city": "Boardman",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "street": "79539 Rippee Road",
      "postalCode": "97818",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-05",
        "note": "One of the 'four giant data centers in Morrow County' Amazon already operated when the May 2023 enterprise-zone deal for new buildings was approved (Fortune/AP; OPB). OSM maps AWS data-center buildings PDX4, PDX52, PDX55 and PDX58/61 at 78531–79539 Rippee Road; per-building opening dates are not published.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460070144",
        "label": "OSM way 460070144 — Amazon Web Services data center 'PDX4', 79539 Rippee Road, Boardman (owner Vadata Inc)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/592171280",
        "label": "OSM way 592171280 — Amazon Web Services data center 'PDX52', 79536 Rippee Road, Boardman",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2023/05/11/amazon-1-billion-tax-breaks-oregon-building-5-new-data-centers/",
        "label": "Amazon to get $1 billion in tax breaks in Oregon for 5 new data centers — Fortune/AP (2023-05-11): 'four giant data centers in Morrow County'",
        "publisher": "Fortune / Associated Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2023/05/19/amazon-data-center-oregon-morrow-county/",
        "label": "Morrow County OKs $1 billion deal in tax breaks with Amazon — OPB (2023-05-19): four existing, six new",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.governing.com/resilience/oregons-rural-power-utility-has-become-a-big-polluter",
        "label": "Oregon's rural power utility has become a big polluter — The Oregonian via Governing (2024-02-20)",
        "publisher": "Governing / The Oregonian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "AWS campus on Rippee Road south of the Port of Morrow industrial park: OSM maps six AWS data-center buildings (refs PDX4, PDX52, PDX55, PDX58/61 and two unlabelled) at 78531–79539 Rippee Road, owner Vadata Inc. IT capacity not published. Coordinates are the centroid of the mapped buildings. Distinct from the Lewis and Clark Drive campuses ~2 km northeast and from the proposed Threemile 'Exascale' record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Umatilla Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "The Oregonian (2024) reports Umatilla Electric Cooperative serves Amazon's data center buildout in the region, buying largely fossil-generated market power beyond its federal hydro allocation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-butts-county-ga",
    "name": "AWS Butts County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2946,
      "lon": -83.9663,
      "city": "Jackson",
      "county": "Butts",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-07",
        "note": "AWS announced at least $11B of new data center capacity in Georgia, naming Butts and Douglas counties.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-investment-georgia-ai-cloud-infrastructure",
        "label": "AWS plans to invest at least $11 billion in Georgia to expand infrastructure to support AI and cloud technologies",
        "publisher": "Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/news/amazon-plans-11-billion-data-center-expansion-in-georgia/4L34LL7RM5DTPBX67KUD5PCJUI/",
        "label": "Amazon plans $11 billion data center expansion in Georgia",
        "publisher": "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Deliberately no site-level investment or job figure: the $11B and the \"at least 550 new high-skilled jobs\" in Amazon's release are entity-level totals covering BOTH the Butts County and Douglas County projects, and cannot be attributed to either site alone.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-calvert-cliffs-md",
    "name": "AWS Calvert County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.437,
      "lon": -76.443,
      "city": "Lusby",
      "county": "Calvert",
      "street": "1650 Calvert Cliffs Parkway",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "AWS held community open house; described project as 'preliminary review work, regulatory analysis, site evaluation and early design concepts.' Site plan application filed May 4, 2026 with fees paid May 18. Up to 8 data centers proposed. No rezoning required (already heavy industry zoning).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Amazon Data Services Inc. formally withdrew its Calvert Technology Center Conceptual Site Development Plan application and decided not to pursue the proposed data center project in Calvert County. Calvert County Government announced the withdrawal in an Aug. 4, 2026 press release; the county's data center page now records the application as withdrawn and states no site plan applications for data center development are pending. The withdrawal followed voter backlash in the county's June 23, 2026 primary, and the county subsequently passed a six-month moratorium on data center site plan approvals effective Aug. 28, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-proposes-data-center-campus-next-to-nuclear-plant-in-calvert-county-maryland/",
        "label": "AWS proposes data center campus next to nuclear plant in Calvert County, Maryland",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thebaynet.com/amazon-introduces-potential-calvert-county-data-center-emphasizes-infrastructure-workforce-and-growth/",
        "label": "Amazon Introduces Potential Calvert County Data Center, Emphasizes Infrastructure, Workforce And Growth",
        "publisher": "The BayNet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thebaynet.com/calvert-county-strikes-down-data-center-moratorium-in-2-3-vote/",
        "label": "Calvert County Strikes Down Data Center Moratorium In 2-3 Vote",
        "publisher": "The BayNet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/2925",
        "label": "AWS Withdraws Proposed Calvert County Data Center Project — Calvert County News release, Aug. 4, 2026",
        "publisher": "Calvert County Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/3880/Data-Centers",
        "label": "Data Centers — Calvert County official page (Calvert Technology Center application withdrawn Aug. 4, 2026; six-month moratorium effective Aug. 28, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Calvert County Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.baltimoresun.com/2026/08/05/calvert-county-amazon-data-center/",
        "label": "Amazon abandons plans to develop data centers in Maryland county",
        "publisher": "The Baltimore Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=3192",
        "label": "Calvert County: AWS Withdraws Proposed Calvert County Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "Calvert County Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southernmarylandchronicle.com/2026/05/27/aws-calvert-technology-center-site-plan-filed/",
        "label": "Calvert County Receives AWS Data Center Site Plan",
        "publisher": "The Southern Maryland Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Very early-stage: AWS states no formal proposal submitted as of DCD article date. Site plan application filed May 2026. Concept design shared at community open house shows up to 8 buildings south and west of Calvert Cliffs nuclear plant. Capacity not disclosed by AWS. Coordinates approximate for Calvert Cliffs area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Constellation Energy",
      "notes": "Adjacent to Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (1650 Calvert Cliffs Parkway). AWS in potential partnership with Constellation Energy. Behind-the-meter nuclear connection under evaluation but not confirmed."
    },
    "landAcres": 2050,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Calvert County commissioners rejected a proposed 24-month moratorium on data center approvals at April 7, 2026 meeting (3 voted no, 2 voted yes). County zoning ordinance effective approximately March 2025 defines data center use standards for heavy industrial zones including setbacks, design, and noise requirements.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-carters-store-tech-campus-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Carter's Store Tech Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.1911,
      "lon": -77.4687,
      "city": "Spotsylvania",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/33006046/amazon-plans-major-data-center-expansion-in-virginias-spotsylvania-county",
        "label": "Data Center Frontier — Amazon plans major data center expansion in Spotsylvania County (Carter's Store: 313 ac, 2.6M sq ft, Phase 1 construction from July 2027)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-carter-s-store-tech-campus",
        "label": "Baxtel — Amazon Carter's Store Tech Campus (313 ac, 2.6M sq ft, 8432 Flippo Drive, rezoning approved Oct 2023)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fxbgadvance.com/p/digital-insights-the-status-of-data",
        "label": "The Fredericksburg Advance — Digital Insights: status of data centers in Spotsylvania (Carter's Store among AWS campuses with buildings going up)",
        "publisher": "The Fredericksburg Advance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2023/10/13/watch-rezoning-for-data-centers-approved-in-spotsylvania/",
        "label": "Fredericksburg Free Press — \"WATCH: Rezoning for data centers approved in Spotsylvania\" (Oct 13, 2023)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "One of Amazon Web Services' four Spotsylvania data center campuses. ~313 acres at 8432 Flippo Drive, east of I-95, bordering the Summit Crossing campus; up to ~2.6M sq ft of data center buildings through 2035 (Phase 1 max ~900k sq ft). Amazon Data Services filed June 2023 to rezone from Rural to Industrial-1; Board of Supervisors approved the four AWS rezonings 5-2 in October 2023 (\"ST23\" case series). Status conservatively recorded as permitted: sources conflict on construction timing — Data Center Frontier reports Phase 1 construction starting July 2027, while The Fredericksburg Advance (2026) describes buildings going up across the AWS sites. Coordinates exact (8432 Flippo Drive geocode).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 313,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Spotsylvania Board of Supervisors approved the four-campus AWS rezoning package (Summit Crossing, Carter's Store, Cosner, Orrock) 5-2 on Oct 10, 2023; the two dissenting supervisors said they supported the project but objected that some agreements were not in writing.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-clinton-hinds-ms",
    "name": "AWS Clinton Data Center",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3415,
      "lon": -90.3218,
      "city": "Clinton",
      "county": "Hinds",
      "street": "1001 Industrial Park Drive",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-12",
        "note": "Ribbon-cutting held in Clinton marking Amazon's $1 billion investment converting the former Delphi manufacturing plant into a data center; Entergy's account describes the project as under development rather than in service.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-25-billion-mississippi-data-centers",
        "label": "Amazon plans to invest $25 billion in Mississippi data centers, create 2,000 jobs",
        "publisher": "About Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/blog/amazons-1-billion-investment-in-clinton-celebrated-with-ribbon-cutting",
        "label": "Amazon's $1B investment in Clinton celebrated with ribbon-cutting",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://clintonms.org/awsdatacenter/",
        "label": "City of Clinton Celebrates $1 Billion AWS Investment",
        "publisher": "City of Clinton, Mississippi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.themississippimonitor.com/aws-marks-1-billion-data-center-investment-in-clinton/",
        "label": "AWS marks $1 billion data center investment in Clinton",
        "publisher": "The Mississippi Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/03/04/documents-reveal-incentive-package-750m-clinton-data-center/",
        "label": "Documents reveal incentive package for $750M Clinton data center (1001 Industrial Park Dr.)",
        "publisher": "WLBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://desotocountynews.com/mississippi-news/where-do-amazons-data-centers-in-mississippi-stand-company-offers-details-on-project-status-water-and-energy-footprint/",
        "label": "Where do Amazon's data centers in Mississippi stand? Company offers details on project status, water and energy footprint",
        "publisher": "DeSoto County News (republishing Mississippi Today, 2026-06-09)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/03/02/750m-data-center-coming-clinton/",
        "label": "$750M data center coming to Clinton — FILOT approved by Clinton Board of Aldermen and Hinds County Board of Supervisors on January 15, 2026",
        "publisher": "WLBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Net-new: this is a Hinds County site, distinct from the existing aggregate record aws-project-atlas-madison-county-ms, whose own notes name only the two Madison County complexes (Madison County Mega Site near Canton and the Costas Property in Ridgeland) and cite the Hinds County $1B figure only as part of Amazon's $25B statewide total — it has never been recorded as a facility. Site is the long-vacant former Delphi auto-parts plant in the Clinton Industrial Park, mostly empty since 2009; AWS describes it as the first time it has retrofitted an existing industrial building into a data center at this scale. Coordinates are a geocode of Clinton, MS (city centroid) — no source fetched in this run gives a street address or the industrial-park parcel. Confirmed absences: no source fetched states IT capacity in MW, acreage, or building square footage; no fee-in-lieu or PILOT agreement figure was found (the City of Clinton page states only that the investment will 'generate millions of dollars in new revenue'). Status is 'under_construction' rather than 'operational' deliberately: a ribbon-cutting was held 2026-06-12 but Entergy's account describes the project as under development and not yet operational, and a separate groundbreaking was also reported — the sources conflict on whether it has begun serving traffic. Water/cooling: reporting states the Clinton building will not use water and will use air cooling, but no fetched source in this run carries that sentence, so the water field is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Amazon describes this site as having a minimal water footprint and being cooled exclusively by air-cooled chillers, a design constraint of retrofitting the existing building. Recorded as closed_loop rather than air under the project's tie-breaker rule: an air-cooled chiller plant still runs a recirculating water/coolant circuit, and 'air' is reserved for designs with no cooling water circuit at all."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Fee-in-Lieu of Taxes (FILOT): 67% reduction in annual ad valorem taxes for 10 years once operational, plus a two-thirds reduction on taxes on in-building property such as servers for a further 20 years; payments split proportionally among the city, county and school district; agreement terminates if construction has not commenced by January 1, 2031",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Clinton and Hinds County, Mississippi",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-cosgray-hilliard-oh",
    "name": "AWS Cosgray Road Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.04946,
      "lon": -83.1761,
      "city": "Hilliard",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "In active litigation over a 228-unit Bloom Energy fuel-cell array (73MW, largest fuel-cell array in North America) plus backup generators; approved by the Ohio Power Siting Board under HB15.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-19",
        "note": "Flipped under_construction -> operational. Franklin County Auditor assessed building area is populated (880,352 sq ft) on the campus parcel (050-011455, land-use class 'data center', Amazon Data Services Inc) = built, not a bare shell; data-center directories (DC Byte / datacenterHawk) list the Cosgray buildings as operational. The Bloom Energy fuel-cell / backup-generator permitting litigation noted in the record concerns on-site power and does not bear on the data buildings' operational status.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-planning-third-data-center-campus-in-hilliard-ohio/",
        "label": "AWS Hilliard campuses coverage (Cosgray Road enrichment)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'050-011455'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Franklin County parcel/GIS record (parcel 050-011455, 4580-4640 Cosgray Rd — AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC, data-center use class, ~95 ac GIS)",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'050-011455'&outFields=PARCELID,SITEADDRESS,OWNERNME1,CLASSDSCRP,BLDGAREA&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Franklin County Auditor building record — parcel 050-011455 (4580-4640 Cosgray Rd, Amazon Data Services Inc): assessed building area 880,352 sq ft + land-use class 'data center' = built/operational",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hilliardohio.gov/fuel-cells/",
        "label": "Fuel Cells — City of Hilliard",
        "publisher": "City of Hilliard, Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stopohiodatacenters.org/franklin-county",
        "label": "Hilliard, Ohio: Amazon Cosgray Data Center & Bloom Fuel Cells | Franklin County",
        "publisher": "Ohio Data Centers (stopohiodatacenters.org)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Separate AWS Hilliard campus on Cosgray Road, in active litigation: the City of Hilliard appealed an Ohio EPA air permit for a 228-unit Bloom Energy fuel-cell array (73MW, the largest fuel-cell array in North America), and AWS is separately seeking a permit for 158 diesel backup generators. Approved by the Ohio Power Siting Board under Ohio's HB15 behind-the-meter law, overriding local zoning. Distinct from the Scioto Darby campus. Coordinates are now parcel-exact via the Franklin County Auditor (parcel 050-011455, 4580-4640 Cosgray Rd, Amazon Data Services Inc, data-center use class, ~95 ac).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio (Ohio Power Company)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 72.9,
      "notes": "228 Bloom Energy solid-oxide fuel cell units totalling 72.9 MW, to be built and operated behind the meter by Ohio Power Company (an AEP Ohio subsidiary) on about 6.4 acres at 4186 Scioto Darby Creek Road, serving Amazon Data Services only and not exporting to the grid. Ohio Power Siting Board approval 2025-09-22; construction began January 2026; in service expected September 2027."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Hilliard has asked AEP and Bloom Energy to install carbon-capture technology, citing an air permit that allows emissions of up to 1.45 million pounds of CO2 per day, and the air permit is in administrative-court litigation. The array sits adjacent to an elementary school and a neighborhood park.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-cosner-technology-campus-massaponax-va",
    "name": "Cosner Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.204738259414135,
      "lon": -77.47623258858057,
      "city": "Massaponax",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "329 acres in Massaponax, ~1.9M sq ft; one of four AWS Spotsylvania/Caroline campuses.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/10m-sq-ft-amazon-files-for-four-data-center-campuses-in-virginias-spotsylvania-and-caroline-counties/",
        "label": "Amazon files for four data center campuses in Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/33006046/amazon-plans-major-data-center-expansion-in-virginias-spotsylvania-county",
        "label": "Data Center Frontier — Amazon Plans Major Data Center Expansion in Virginia's Spotsylvania County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2023/10/13/watch-rezoning-for-data-centers-approved-in-spotsylvania/",
        "label": "Fredericksburg Free Press — \"WATCH: Rezoning for data centers approved in Spotsylvania\" (Oct 13, 2023)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/36613/639168592121270000",
        "label": "VA DEQ air permit 74288-2 — Amazon Data Services IAD450 Cosner Tech Campus (issued 2026-06-01)",
        "publisher": "Virginia Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://publicevidence.org/records/amazon-data-services-inc-iad450-cosner-tech-campus-air-permit-74288-2",
        "label": "Submission provenance (not controlling source) — Public Evidence record for permit 74288-2",
        "publisher": "Public Evidence Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/06/04/deq-issued-air-pollution-violations-on-spotsylvania-data-center-campus-in-2025/",
        "label": "DEQ issued air pollution violations on Spotsylvania data center campus in 2025",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "329 acres in Massaponax, ~1.9M sq ft; one of four AWS Spotsylvania/Caroline campuses (Summit Crossing, Carter's Store, Cosner, Orrock). Spotsylvania case ST23-0031.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 329,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Covered by the same Oct 10, 2023 5-2 Board of Supervisors package vote as Carter's Store (case ST23-0031, 1.9M sq ft); the two dissenting supervisors objected to unwritten agreements, not the project itself.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-costas-ridgeland-ms",
    "name": "AWS Costas Property Campus (Ridgeland)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.400198,
      "lon": -90.1818699,
      "city": "Ridgeland",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Reported as 'in the early stages of construction'; both Madison County sites estimated for completion by 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://magnoliatribune.com/?p=118379",
        "label": "Amazon's venture into Mississippi: A detailed overview",
        "publisher": "Magnolia Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/madison-county-denies-amazons-valuation-appeal-for-canton-data-centers-preserving-millions-in-tax-revenue/",
        "label": "Madison County Denies Amazon's Valuation Appeal for Canton Data Centers, Preserving Millions in Tax Revenue",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "RESOLVES last wave's hold with independent primary-tier evidence that Canton and Ridgeland are genuinely two distinct AWS campuses, not a single project under two names. Mississippi Free Press (2026-08-19), reporting Madison County's denial of AWS's tax-valuation appeal, states directly: 'The county has entered into two fee-in-lieu-of-taxes agreements with the tech giant for its data center campuses in Canton and Ridgeland' -- i.e., Madison County's own tax/incentive administration treats these as two separate FILOT agreements, not one. Magnolia Tribune (2024-07-24, re-fetched this run) gives the physical distinction: the Madison County Mega Site is '927 acres ... located off Highway 22 and Nissan Parkway in Canton,' while the Costas Property is 'an additional 786 acres in Ridgeland ... located along the southern tip of Madison County near Tougaloo College, on the corner of Highland Colony Parkway and West County Line Road' -- roughly 20 miles apart. Both sites are within Madison County (Ridgeland is not a separate county), so the live aggregate record's id/framing as 'Madison County' is not wrong on that count, but it does combine two separately-incentivized campuses. Coordinates are the OSM-tagged traffic-signal node at the actual Highland Colony Parkway / West County Line Road intersection (confirmed via Overpass API query against current OpenStreetMap way data, not an estimate), not a confirmed parcel boundary -- precision 'approximate'. Deliberately omitted: capacityMw, investmentUsd, and jobs, because every figure found for this project (the $10B investment, the combined MW target, job counts) is stated for the two-site project as a whole; no source fetched this run apportions any of these by site, and apportioning by acreage share would be a fabricated estimate, not a sourced fact. See the companion refresh finding on aws-project-atlas-madison-county-ms recommending it be re-scoped to the Canton site alone.",
    "landAcres": 786,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No Ridgeland-specific community reaction found in sources fetched this run; the live aggregate record documents Canton-side (dust/noise/air-quality) opposition, which this record does not duplicate absent Ridgeland-specific evidence."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-crosby-court-franklin-county-oh",
    "name": "AWS Crosby Court Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.10187,
      "lon": -83.198633,
      "city": "Plain City",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Franklin County Auditor records 768,498 sq ft of assessed building area on the Vadata Inc parcel (built), consistent with an operational AWS facility; confirmed via the Auditor GIS as of 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'275-000010'&outFields=PARCELID,SITEADDRESS,OWNERNME1,CLASSDSCRP,BLDGAREA,ACRES&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Franklin County Auditor parcel/GIS record (parcel 275-000010, 6685 Crosby Ct — VADATA INC, assessed building area 768,498 sq ft = built, 66.8 ac)",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/amazon-aws-6665-crosby-court",
        "label": "Amazon AWS: 6665 Crosby Court (Datacenters.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aep.com/news/stories/view/10262/",
        "label": "PUCO Approves Onsite Power Project for Data Centers (AEP)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Operational AWS data center on a ~67-acre Vadata Inc parcel at 6685 Crosby Ct, far-northwest Franklin County (Brown Township, Plain City mailing area, in the 'New California' growth corridor near the Union County line) — part of Amazon's AWS US-East-2 (Ohio) build-out. Franklin County Auditor assessed building area 768,498 sq ft (= built); owner Vadata Inc. The auditor land-use class here reads 'Other Industrial Research/Chemical Lab' rather than the 'data center' class used on the nearby Hilliard AWS parcels (an assessment-class quirk; the two Vadata parcels share an identical 768,498 sq ft building figure). Sits ~2 km south of the Amazon Warner Rd and Industrial Pkwy campuses across the line in Jerome Township, Union County. No dedicated second public source specific to 6685 Crosby Ct was found (a similarly-named baxtel 'Crosby Campus' entry documents a different New Albany site and was excluded); the record rests on the Franklin County Auditor parcel record. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Franklin County Auditor parcel centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "AWS Crosby Court (Plain City area) is an AEP Ohio-served site."
    },
    "landAcres": 66.82,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-cumulus-salem-township-pa",
    "name": "AWS Cumulus Data Center Campus, Salem Township",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0949,
      "lon": -76.1452,
      "city": "Salem Township",
      "county": "Luzerne",
      "street": "1125 Electron Avenue",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 960,
      "operational": 48
    },
    "poweredBy": "Nuclear (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Talen Energy PPA)",
    "announcedDate": "2021-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-07",
        "note": "Talen Energy announces Cumulus Data Center campus with AWS as anchor tenant adjacent to Susquehanna Steam Electric Station",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-01",
        "note": "First 48MW hyperscale building (300,000 sq ft) completed by Talen",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "AWS acquires full 960MW campus from Talen Energy for $650M; phased 120MW-increment buildout to continue through 960MW or optionally capped at 480MW",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-acquires-talens-nuclear-data-center-campus-in-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "AWS Acquires Talen's Nuclear Data Center Campus in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ir.talenenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/talen-energy-expands-nuclear-energy-relationship-amazon",
        "label": "Talen Energy Expands Nuclear Energy Relationship with Amazon",
        "publisher": "Talen Energy Investor Relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tmia.com/sites/tmia.com/files/media/Amazon%20Testimony,%20(8_1_24)-2.pdf",
        "label": "SRBC Consumptive Use Application No. 2024-056 (Amazon Cumulus) — public comment reproducing Amazon's application",
        "publisher": "Susquehanna River Basin Commission / Three Mile Island Alert",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/amazon-data-centers-tax-break/",
        "label": "Amazon approved for tax break to build Pennsylvania data centers",
        "publisher": "Technical.ly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blackchronicle.com/mid-atlantic/pennsylvania/big-money-enforced-silence-play-roles-in-pennsylvanias-data-center-push/",
        "label": "Big money, enforced silence play roles in Pennsylvania's data-center push",
        "publisher": "The Center Square (via Black Chronicle)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://measuredai.substack.com/p/amazon-susquehanna-data-center-campus",
        "label": "Amazon's Susquehanna Data Center Campus: A 1.92 GW Nuclear Bet in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Measured AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1752841/developers-tout-impacts-of-3-data-center-campuses-zoning-meeting-set-for-wednesday-on-4-3-glenbrook-group-project",
        "label": "Developers tout impacts of 3 data center campuses; Zoning meeting set for Wednesday on 4-3 Glenbrook Group project",
        "publisher": "Times Leader",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Adjacent to the 2.5GW Susquehanna Steam Electric Station. FERC blocked a proposed colocation agreement in April 2025, leading to the PPA structure instead. TeraWulf operates a separate Nautilus cryptomining facility (Nautilus) on the same property not included in this record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Talen Energy",
      "notes": "10-year PPA from adjacent 2.5GW Susquehanna nuclear plant; 2025 expanded agreement for up to 1,920MW by 2032. AWS acquired Talen's Cumulus campus for $650M (acquisition price; full campus buildout cost separate)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.06,
      "notes": "0.060 MGD (30-day average) per Amazon's SRBC consumptive-use application, covering evaporative cooling for Buildings 2 and 3 of the initial phase (Building 1 has no consumptive use); water is drawn from an on-site production well, not the Susquehanna River directly. Full 960 MW build-out demand is not stated in the application."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Pennsylvania Computer Data Center Equipment sales-and-use tax exemption (Amazon approved)",
        "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "Pennsylvania targeted workforce-development investment tied to the Amazon data-center deal (statewide; covers both PA Amazon campuses)",
        "amountUsd": 10000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 650000000,
    "landAcres": 1200,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Local sentiment is divided per Salem Township officials. The township signed nondisclosure agreements with data-center developers, drawing transparency criticism from a state legislator, and there has been significant residential turnover near the site (homes bought out). No organized litigation specific to this campus was identified.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-falls-township-pa",
    "name": "Amazon Web Services Innovation Campus, Falls Township",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1545,
      "lon": -74.7882,
      "city": "Falls Township",
      "county": "Bucks",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (PJM interconnection); supplemental solar planned",
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Falls Township Board of Supervisors approves revised land development plans converting planned distribution center to 2M+ sq ft digital infrastructure campus across 10 buildings",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Amazon announces $20B total Pennsylvania investment; Falls Township campus publicly announced by Governor Shapiro as part of largest private-sector investment in PA history",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fallstwp.com/resources/news/article/?id=10070",
        "label": "Amazon to Open Data Center at NorthPoint Development in Falls",
        "publisher": "Falls Township",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://buckscountybeacon.com/2025/08/not-everyone-is-sold-on-the-benefits-of-amazons-data-center-coming-to-falls-township/",
        "label": "Not Everyone Is Sold on the Benefits of Amazon's Data Center Coming to Falls Township",
        "publisher": "Bucks County Beacon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "One of two announced Amazon data center sites in Pennsylvania part of the $20B PA AI investment commitment. NorthPoint Development is converting the 1,800-acre former Fairless Works site. Capacity in MW not publicly stated; 2M+ sq ft across 10 structures confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PECO",
      "notes": "Site at Keystone Trade Center, 1 Ben Fairless Drive on former U.S. Steel Fairless Works property. PA fast-track permitting secured. AWS also acquiring 12 Pennsylvania solar farms."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 1250,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "900-signature petition filed against project; Falls Township Board of Supervisors chair stated project cannot be stopped legally; under-construction residents cited environmental and health concerns at May 2026 supervisors meeting.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-galaxy-sidney-oh",
    "name": "AWS Project Galaxy — Sidney, OH",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.29,
      "lon": -84.16,
      "city": "Sidney",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "poweredBy": "AES Ohio (Dayton Power and Light)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Sidney City Council approved 30-year 100% property tax abatement and development agreement; NDA executed mid-2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Construction began January 2026; site clearing and earthworks underway by March 2026; initial operations targeted Sept 15, 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-secures-tax-break-for-3bn-data-center-campus-in-sidney-ohio/",
        "label": "Amazon secures tax break for $3bn data center campus in Sidney, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stopohiodatacenters.org/shelby-county",
        "label": "Project Galaxy Amazon Data Center — Shelby County",
        "publisher": "Stop Ohio Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-project-galaxy",
        "label": "Amazon: Project Galaxy Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ohio-ratepayer-occ-ferc-amazon-data-center-aes/733169/",
        "label": "FERC urged to shield AES Ohio customers from grid costs for 1.5-GW Amazon data center",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sidneyoh.com/526/Proposed-Data-Center-FAQ",
        "label": "Proposed Data Center FAQ",
        "publisher": "City of Sidney, OH",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Codename 'Project Galaxy.' Coordinates approximate (parcel: north of Millcreek Road, west of Vandemark Road, Sidney OH). AES Ohio FERC filing shows phased power ramp: 65 MW at initial operations (Sept 15, 2026 target), 480 MW within one year, 1,500 MW by January 2031 — 1,500 MW taken as planned total capacity. $3B investment described as a firm commitment in the approved development agreement (not 'up to'). AWS has committed an estimated $23B in Ohio data centers through 2029–2030. Baxtel lists a 'West Hub' expansion site associated with this campus. FERC filing lists location as 'Jefferson Township, Ohio'; confirmed as Sidney/Shelby County campus from all other sources.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AES Ohio (Dayton Power and Light)",
      "notes": "AES Ohio confirmed as primary grid supplier per FERC filing; Phase 1 network upgrade costs $22.8M recovered via Transmission Cost Recovery Rider (TCRR). AEP Ohio's 85% data-center tariff (eff. July 23, 2025) may apply given service-territory overlap corridor. AEP Ohio onsite Bloom Energy fuel cells approved for some AWS Ohio locations (PUCO order), but not confirmed specifically for this Sidney site."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "City of Sidney public water system (groundwater wells, Great Miami River, Tawawa Creek). Development agreement caps withdrawal at 1.0 million gallons per day (694 gpm maximum); projected average annual usage is 4.6 million gallons per year (~12,600 gpd average). All wastewater including cooling discharge routed to city sanitary sewer. Miami Valley Conservancy District raised concerns citing peak draw up to 300 gpm. Cooling type inferred from industrial-scale water-in / wastewater-out pattern; not explicitly stated in sources."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "30-year 100% real-property tax abatement (est. $180M–$350M foregone over term); $50M PILOT payment by AWS to City of Sidney ($25M) and Sidney City Schools ($25M) over 15 years",
        "jurisdiction": "Sidney, OH / Shelby County",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 75,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Active opposition from 'Sidney Citizens for Responsible Development' (founded by Kristin Allen, 4th-generation farm family) and 'Sidney Citizens Data Center Watch' (150+ Facebook members). Core concerns: per-job tax abatement economics ($2.4M–$4.6M in foregone tax revenue per permanent job), water capacity strain, and NDA limiting public transparency during approval process. Community town hall held March 6, 2026 with Shelby County Commissioners attending; no Sidney City Council members attended. City published FAQ in response to community pressure.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-grafton-ma",
    "name": "Amazon Data Services Grafton",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.25013,
      "lon": -71.68772,
      "city": "Grafton",
      "county": "Worcester",
      "street": "Centennial Drive",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/amazon-buys-two-data-centers-in-massachusetts-for-26-7m",
        "label": "Amazon Buys Two Data Centers in Massachusetts For $26.7m",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/massachusetts/3713/aws-grafton-data-center",
        "label": "AWS Grafton Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wbjournal.com/article/amazon-buys-properties-in-grafton-and-westborough-for-267m/",
        "label": "Worcester Business Journal, 2022-11-22 - \"In Grafton, Amazon bought a 155,000-square-foot flex building on a 1.8-acre lot at 8 Centennial Drive for $15.1 million\"",
        "publisher": "Worcester Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Amazon Data Services Inc. purchased a 155,000 sq ft building on a 1.8-acre lot on Centennial Drive in Grafton (within CenTech Park, a technology park spanning Grafton and Shrewsbury) for $15.1M, per a November 24, 2022 report. Cleanview's tracker still lists status as \"Planned\" as of this check (2026-09-12); no independent confirmation of construction start or energization was found, so status is recorded as proposed. The exact street number was reported by secondary press coverage but could not be confirmed on a source this run actually fetched (the primary WBJ article 403'd), so only the street name is recorded. investmentUsd reflects the disclosed real-estate acquisition price, not a separately-disclosed build-out cost. Coordinates set 2026-09-12 to the OSM way centroid for Centennial Drive, North Grafton (the source names the street but no house number, so the US Census address geocoder returns no match); pin is street-level, not parcel-level.",
    "investmentUsd": 15100000,
    "landAcres": 1.8,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-green-new-florence-mo",
    "name": "AWS Project Green Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.852,
      "lon": -91.52,
      "city": "New Florence",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Ameren Missouri",
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Application filed via NorthPoint Development, LLC for a 1,000-acre parcel at the northeast quadrant of I-70 and Highway 19 interchange near New Florence; two-phase campus of up to 21 data center buildings.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Montgomery County Commission unanimously approved the project and tax abatement incentive framework in December 2025; public safety entities (ambulance district, fire protection district) opted out of Chapter 100 participation and retained full tax allocations.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Construction under way by April 2026; Preserve Montgomery County LLC lawsuit filed in February 2026 pending. Governor Kehoe and AWS made the official public $10B investment announcement on June 15, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.komu.com/news/midmissourinews/amazon-missouri-officials-announce-10b-montgomery-county-data-center-plan/article_cb50e268-0d98-48e6-9c0a-3dc1978aa2c5.html",
        "label": "Amazon announces $10B Montgomery County data center plan",
        "publisher": "KOMU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-commits-10bn-to-data-center-campus-in-montgomery-city-missouri/",
        "label": "Amazon commits $10bn to data center campus in Montgomery County, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/1000-acre-aws-data-center-campus-under-consideration-in-montgomery-county-missouri/",
        "label": "1,000-acre AWS data center campus under consideration in Montgomery County, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/aws-new-facilities-near-new-florence-will-double-tax-revenue-for-montgomery-county/",
        "label": "AWS new facilities near New Florence will double tax revenue for Montgomery County",
        "publisher": "The Missouri Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kq2.com/news/regional/missouri/2026/06/03/new-florence-aws-data-center-to-tap-local-aquifer-for-water/",
        "label": "New Florence AWS data center to tap local aquifer for water",
        "publisher": "KQ2",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abc17news.com/news/montgomery/2025/12/03/montgomery-county-approves-land-for-two-large-scale-projects-on-amazon-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Montgomery County approves land for two large-scale projects on Amazon data center campus",
        "publisher": "ABC17 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-project-green-campus",
        "label": "Amazon Project Green Campus — Baxtel listing",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Codename 'Project Green'; application filed via NorthPoint Development, LLC. Two-phase build-out: Phase 1 = 8 data center buildings; Phase 2 = 13 additional buildings (21 total). Located on ~1,000 acres at northeast quadrant of I-70 and Highway 19 interchange near New Florence. Official AWS/Governor Kehoe announcement on June 15, 2026 cited a $10B investment commitment. Earlier county planning documents and initial filings referenced a maximum capital investment ceiling of up to $35B — that figure is a speculative ceiling, not a committed amount. AWS separately announced a 138MW renewable energy project in Missouri; not confirmed as dedicated to this campus. Community investments included in announcement: $3M for county 911/emergency dispatch upgrades, $3M for community programs, $1M for Montgomery County Fairgrounds, $150K community fund, $50K teacher grant. Preserve Montgomery County LLC filed suit in February 2026 alleging ten counts of Missouri Sunshine Law violations (closed-session negotiations, NDAs with Amazon); case pending as of mid-2026. First buildings targeted operational by 2027; full campus potentially complete ~2032. Coordinates are approximate (parcel centroid at I-70 / Hwy 19 NE quadrant). Jobs: KOMU reported ~400 permanent jobs; DCD's coverage of the same $10B announcement cited no specific permanent figure (only 'thousands of construction jobs') — permanent count left unstructured pending firm corroboration.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ameren Missouri",
      "notes": "Powered by Ameren Missouri grid. AWS committed to working with Ameren to ensure project energy costs are not passed to other ratepayers. AWS announced a separate 138MW renewable energy project in Missouri (not confirmed as on-site or dedicated to this campus)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Water sourced from Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer via wells drilled to ~1,500 ft depth (to avoid impacting local private wells at shallower depths). Initial phase projected at 2.9M gallons/year; full 17-building campus projected at ~50M gallons/year (~0.137 MGD equivalent). Regional aquifer capacity exceeds 23 trillion gallons; current regional utilization ~8%; this project adds ~0.03%. On-site stormwater management ponds and water treatment plant planned. Cooling methodology not publicly specified."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Montgomery County Chapter 100 bond / PILOT — personal property tax abatements on declining schedule approved December 2025; real property taxes paid in full; public safety districts (ambulance, fire) opted out and retain full allocations. Total multi-year abatement value not publicly disclosed.",
        "jurisdiction": "Montgomery County, MO",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Preserve Montgomery County LLC (coalition of local residents, farmers, and business owners) filed a 10-count lawsuit in February 2026 alleging Missouri Sunshine Law violations — specifically that county commissioners conducted negotiations in closed sessions and signed NDAs with Amazon. Community concerns at public meetings included water usage impacts, potential electric rate increases, and loss of rural character. Some residents and officials expressed support for the project's economic benefits. Construction proceeded despite the pending suit. Montgomery County Commission stated real property taxes are not abated and projected the project would double the county's tax revenue at full buildout.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-hayden-run-hilliard-oh",
    "name": "AWS Hayden Run Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.059949,
      "lon": -83.134305,
      "city": "Hilliard",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2015",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "First building completed ~2018 (AWS's first Ohio region facility, ground broken 2015) per data-center directories; Franklin County Auditor records the parcel with land-use class 'data center' and 768,498 sq ft of assessed building area (built).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'050-011444'&outFields=PARCELID,SITEADDRESS,OWNERNME1,CLASSDSCRP,BLDGAREA,ACRES&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Franklin County Auditor parcel/GIS record (parcel 050-011444, 5109-5129 Hayden Run Rd — VADATA INC, land-use class 'data center', assessed building area 768,498 sq ft = built, 55.2 ac)",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-hilliard-5109-hayden-run",
        "label": "Amazon Hilliard 5109 Hayden Run — AWS's first US East (Ohio) region data center; broke ground 2015, built ~2018, fully operational, multi-building campus",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-planning-third-data-center-campus-in-hilliard-ohio/",
        "label": "AWS plans third data center campus in Hilliard, Ohio (DCD)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hilliardohio.gov/fuel-cells/",
        "label": "Fuel Cells — City of Hilliard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "AWS's first US East (Ohio) region data center — a ~55-acre Vadata Inc campus at 5109-5129 Hayden Run Rd, Hilliard. Broke ground 2015; first building completed ~2018; a multi-building campus that has continued expanding. Franklin County Auditor land-use class 'data center' with 768,498 sq ft of assessed building area (= built/operational); owner Vadata Inc (Amazon's data-center subsidiary). Data-center directories (DC Byte / baxtel) list several numbered Hayden Run buildings (5109/5113/5117/5121/5125) that correspond to buildings within this single county parcel, not separate sites. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Franklin County Auditor parcel centroid. Distinct from the tracked AWS Cosgray Road and AWS Scioto Darby campuses (also Hilliard, Franklin County).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Hayden Run (5109 Hayden Run Rd, Hilliard) is AWS's original Hilliard campus (construction began 2015). The PUCO-approved 73MW Bloom Energy fuel-cell project (228 SOFC units) is confirmed sited at 4120 Scioto Darby Creek Rd — AWS's third, separate Hilliard campus at Scioto Darby Rd/I-270 — not at Hayden Run."
    },
    "landAcres": 55.22,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-hermiston-or",
    "name": "AWS Hermiston Data Center Campuses",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.84041,
      "lon": -119.28946,
      "city": "Hermiston",
      "county": "Umatilla",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/07/22/data-center-eastern-oregon-air-quality-umatilla-basin/",
        "label": "Why data centers pose an outsized threat to Eastern Oregon's air quality — 'In Hermiston, Amazon has hired hundreds of employees and contractors to staff its two hyperscale data center campuses'; 'Hermiston has given the company 15-year tax breaks for each campus'",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2025/09/10/hermiston-oregon-data-center-amazon-eastern-ai-technology-power/",
        "label": "Hermiston clears the way for data center industry — two data centers under construction in Hermiston; city council voted Sept. 9, 2025 to annex 800 acres zoned for hyperscale data center use",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.co.umatilla.or.us/fileadmin/user_upload/Community_Development/Planning/Ordinances/2025/Ordinance_2025-11.pdf",
        "label": "Umatilla County Ordinance 2025-11 (Oct. 15, 2025) — co-adopts the Hermiston urban growth boundary expansion of approximately 810 acres and inserts a new section 157.058 'Hyperscale Data Center (HDC) Overlay' after the Heavy Industrial Zone; legal descriptions total roughly 824 acres across Sections 21, 25, 26, 27 and 28, Township 4 North, Range 28 East",
        "publisher": "Umatilla County Board of Commissioners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/hermiston-ugb-aws",
        "label": "Hermiston adds 810 acres to support future data centers — AWS operates multiple campuses in Hermiston, Umatilla and Boardman; 2024 Economic Opportunities Analysis cited a lack of property for hyperscale data center development",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bendbulletin.com/2023/09/15/small-eastern-oregon-city-could-be-next-hotspot-for-big-data-centers/",
        "label": "Small eastern Oregon city could be next hotspot for big data centers — enumerates Amazon's Umatilla County footprint as of Sept 2023: two existing data centers in Umatilla and two more under construction there plus two with tax-break agreements; one operating data center in unincorporated Umatilla County near Hermiston, one under construction within Hermiston city limits, and two further Hermiston projects with negotiated tax deals",
        "publisher": "The Bulletin (Bend, OR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Umatilla Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Enterprise zone property tax abatement, 15 years, one per campus"
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "notes": "Hermiston granted Amazon 15-year property tax breaks for each of its two campuses. OPB reports Amazon contributed about $25 million toward water and other utility infrastructure so the city could deliver water to the site, and about $9 million toward a city-built RV park for construction workers (the Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business separately reported $8 million for a 20-acre, 100-space RV park next to the Eastern Oregon Trade & Event Center). City franchise-fee revenue rose from $1 million in 2024 to a projected $3.4 million by end of 2026. At the September 2025 council vote to annex land for data centers, one councilor (Jackie Linton) voted against, citing water-supply concerns; no other public opposition was recorded at the hearing."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-hobart-in",
    "name": "AWS Hobart Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.517,
      "lon": -87.263,
      "city": "Hobart",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2400
    },
    "poweredBy": "NIPSCO (GenCo subsidiary)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-11-06",
        "note": "Fill permit approved for Hobart Devco prior to public announcement"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-24",
        "note": "Amazon publicly announces a $15B NW Indiana investment; Hobart city agreement announced the next day"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-05-08",
        "note": "Hobart Plan Commission approves site plans after majority-opposition testimony"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Development begun; spring 2026 groundbreaking confirmed active per press"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-data-center-coming-to-hobart-indiana/",
        "label": "AWS data center coming to Hobart, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazon-data-center-15-billion-data-center-jobs-ai-nipsco-electric-grid-governor-mike-braun-northern-indiana-hobart-lake-county-indiana",
        "label": "Newly announced Amazon data center to be built in Hobart",
        "publisher": "WSBT 22",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/11/25/hobart-reaches-agreement-with-amazon-next-gen-data-center/",
        "label": "Hobart reaches agreement with Amazon for next-gen data center",
        "publisher": "21Alive News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/hobart-commission-approves-site-plans-for-amazon-data-center",
        "label": "Hobart commission approves site plans for Amazon data center",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/hobart-to-vote-on-property-tax-abatement-on-amazon-data-center-project/3872989/",
        "label": "Hobart to vote on property tax abatement on Amazon data center project",
        "publisher": "NBC Chicago",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/lawsuit-seeks-block-amazon-data-center-permit-hobart-ind",
        "label": "Lawsuit seeks to block Amazon data center permit in Hobart",
        "publisher": "Fox 32 Chicago",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nwiforum.org/amazon-invests-15b-in-northwest-indiana",
        "label": "Amazon Invests $15B in Northwest Indiana",
        "publisher": "NWI Forum",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "One of AWS's Northwest Indiana campuses (part of a $15B NW Indiana / 2.4 GW umbrella; distinct from aws-project-rainier-new-carlisle-in and the separate Wheatfield IN campus). CAPACITY OMITTED: the 2.4 GW figure is the NW Indiana total, not Hobart-specific. INVESTMENT OMITTED: $15B is the NW Indiana total, no Hobart-specific figure. Up to 25 buildings on 725+ acres ('Hobart Tech Park'); shell entities include Hobart Devco, Hobart Owner LLC, TUHAUS LLC/Wylie Capital. ~400 permanent jobs ($37-44/hr) are projections (in notes, not jobs). $47M upfront community payment is city revenue, not facility capex. Coordinates estimated from 61st Ave/Colorado St; verify via Lake County GIS. Active litigation: 'No Data Centers Hobart Indiana' sought a TRO on the fill permit (unresolved).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NIPSCO",
      "notes": "NIPSCO (GenCo, Merrillville); Amazon pays 100% of new power-infrastructure costs under a cost-allocation framework."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Outside-air cooling ~98% of the year; water-based cooling on peak days (~2%); ~14 million gallons/year; ~80% more water-efficient than industry average."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "10-year real property tax abatement - Amazon Data Services (Resolution 2026-02)",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "program": "35-year 100% IT-equipment tax exemption - Hobart Owner LLC (Resolution 2026-03)",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 725,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Active opposition group 'No Data Centers Hobart Indiana'; majority of Plan Commission testimony opposed; concerns include noise, light, water/power use, property values; lawsuit filed in Lake County Court. Neighboring NWI communities have rejected similar projects."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-industrial-parkway-jerome-township-oh",
    "name": "AWS Industrial Parkway Campus (Jerome Township)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.134553,
      "lon": -83.212394,
      "city": "Plain City",
      "county": "Union",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Union County Auditor records the Amazon Data Services Inc building as year built 2024 (~215,000 sq ft assessed, $46.9M appraised building value); WOSU (Sept 2025) confirms two operational AWS data centers in Jerome Township.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www7.co.union.oh.us/unioncountyohio/rest/services/ParcelAllSaleinfoBuildingInfo/MapServer/1/query?where=ParcelNo%3D'1500220390010'&outFields=ParcelNo,DeedOwner,Address,city,township,Acreage,classDescription,yearBuilt,TotalBuildingArea,AppraisedBuildValue&f=json",
        "label": "Union County Auditor building record (parcel 1500220390010 / 8565 Industrial Pkwy — Amazon Data Services Inc, year built 2024, ~215,000 sq ft, $46.9M appraised building value, 86.2 ac)",
        "publisher": "Union County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.marysvillejt.com/news/amazonprimed/",
        "label": "Amazon primed: Technology giant plans $200 million data center in Union County (Nov 2019) — the Jerome Township AWS cluster origin announcement, ~125 ac at NW corner of Warner Rd / Industrial Pkwy",
        "publisher": "Marysville Journal-Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2025-09-09/jerome-township-puts-pause-on-new-data-center-development-for-nine-months",
        "label": "Jerome Township puts pause on new data center development for nine months (Sep 2025) — confirms two operational AWS data centers in Jerome Township; AWS paid $1.1M Union County property tax in 2024",
        "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenter.fyi/facility/amazon-aws-industrial-parkway-campus-oh-bccc5d1e",
        "label": "Amazon AWS Industrial Parkway Campus — Plain City, OH (datacenter.fyi)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/columbus/aws-cmh-industrial-parkway-campus/specs/",
        "label": "Amazon AWS CMH - Industrial Parkway Campus (Datacentermap)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Operational AWS data center on an ~86-acre Amazon Data Services Inc parcel at 8565 Industrial Pkwy, Jerome Township / Plain City, Union County — part of Amazon's AWS US-East-2 (Ohio) cluster in the Jerome Township / 'New California' corridor first announced Nov 2019 ($200M, ~125 acres at the NW corner of Warner Rd / Industrial Pkwy). Union County Auditor building record: year built 2024, ~215,000 sq ft assessed, $46.9M appraised building value. Sits ~2 km north of the Amazon Warner Rd campus (tracked separately) and is distinct from the still-vacant AWS 'Project Cosmos' site ~9 mi north in Marysville (Paris Township). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Union County Auditor parcel centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Consolidated Electric Coop",
      "notes": "AWS Industrial Parkway Campus (8619 Industrial Parkway, Plain City, 98 acres in Union County's Jerome Township) connects to the Consolidated Electric Coop grid per public data-center registries. No site-specific clean-energy PPA or on-site generation found."
    },
    "landAcres": 86.18,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Jerome Township imposed a 9-month moratorium on new data-center development in September 2025 amid resident concerns; the existing AWS campuses continue operating.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-jefferson-township-fayette-oh",
    "name": "AWS Fayette County (Jefferson Township)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6534,
      "lon": -83.5677,
      "city": "Jeffersonville",
      "county": "Fayette",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-12",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://columbusconstruction.org/amazon-web-services-to-build-new-datacenter-campus-in-fayette-county/",
        "label": "Columbus Construction: ~590 acres, I-71 & US-35, $5B, 30-yr 100% CRA exemption, construction slated early 2025",
        "publisher": "Columbus Construction",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.recordherald.com/2024/12/24/aws-officials-confirm-plans-to-invest-5-billion-into-fayette-county-with-new-data-centers/",
        "label": "Record-Herald (2024-12-24): AWS VP Roger Wehner names Jefferson Township as first confirmed locality; $5B by 2030 in a $10B Ohio expansion",
        "publisher": "Washington Court House Record-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "AWS's first Ohio campus outside the central-Ohio cluster, in Jefferson Township near I-71 & US-35 (adjacent to the Honda/LG EV battery plant). ~590 acres; $5B AWS investment (part of a larger multi-billion Fayette-area / statewide AWS commitment through 2030), announced Dec 2024 by AWS VP Roger Wehner; 30-year 100% CRA tax exemption approved; construction slated to begin early 2025. Capacity MW is NOT disclosed — AWS explicitly withheld building count/MW citing security — so capacityMw is omitted (a third-party ~1,800 MW estimate is unverified and not recorded). Coordinates approximate (Jeffersonville / township-level).",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-kline-township-schuylkill-pa",
    "name": "AWS Kline Township Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8699957,
      "lon": -76.0215859,
      "city": "Kline Township",
      "county": "Schuylkill",
      "street": "Lofty Road",
      "postalCode": "18245",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Preliminary and final land development plans remain under township review; Amazon requested an extension of the decision deadline to September 30, 2026 to address township professionals' comments.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://shensentinel.com/news/kline-supervisors-grant-extension-for-consideration-of-amazon-data-center-plans/",
        "label": "Kline supervisors grant extension for consideration of Amazon data center plans",
        "publisher": "The Shenandoah Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://coalregioncanary.com/2026/06/21/amazon-web-services-reps-discuss-planned-data-center-project-schuylkill-county-kline-township/",
        "label": "Amazon Rep: Schuylkill County Data Centers Only Need Cooling Water 4% of the Year",
        "publisher": "Coal Region Canary",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Nine two-story data center buildings plus an administration building, a water building and a security building, totalling about 2.1-2.2 million sq ft, off Lofty Road near Route 309 and Interstate 81, across from van Hoekelen Greenhouses. Buildings stated as 'probably less than 80 feet' tall; first building completion expected 2028. Lofty Road is to be realigned near Route 309 with a new traffic light at Amazon's cost. Stated wages for the ~500 permanent roles are $80,000-$100,000, with about 90% requiring an associate degree or certificate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "reportedMgd": 0.115,
      "notes": "AWS representatives told the Kline Township planning commission the campus would cool on ambient air about 96% of the year and use water the remaining 4%. Stated permitted draw is 15,000 gallons per day domestic plus up to 100,000 gallons per day of non-contact cooling water, 115,000 gpd in total."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-lake-anna-technology-campus-louisa-va",
    "name": "Lake Anna Technology Campus (LATC)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.04763641638,
      "lon": -77.81682351474,
      "city": "Louisa",
      "county": "Louisa",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-07-22",
        "note": "under construction per Louisa County land-disturbance permit + VA DEQ stormwater permit (reported via county-sourced local coverage)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/aws-preparing-to-start-work-at-lake",
        "label": "Louisa County land-disturbance permit + VA DEQ stormwater permit (reported via county-sourced local coverage)",
        "publisher": "Tammy Purcell / Engage Louisa (citing Louisa County permitting records)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-files-for-17-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-in-louisa-county-virginia/",
        "label": "AWS files for 1.7M sq ft data center campus in Louisa County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.louisacounty.gov/3258/Data-Centers",
        "label": "Louisa County Data Centers information page",
        "publisher": "Louisa County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://infocville.com/2023/09/02/amazon-to-invest-11-billion-in-louisa-county/",
        "label": "infoCville — Amazon to invest $11 billion in Louisa County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "One of two AWS campuses in Louisa's Technology Overlay District (approved by BOS April 2023, ~$11B combined investment across both). Up to seven data center buildings (~1.7M sq ft), two 300MW substations. First DC targeted online late 2025/early 2026. A third AWS Louisa campus proposal (1,370 acres near Northeast Creek Reservoir) was withdrawn/cancelled by AWS in July 2025 — not included per do-not-fabricate rule (cancelled, not net-new). Capacity corrected to 600 MW (two 300 MW substations per Louisa County reporting; a prior 420 MW figure was unsourced). Land-disturbance + VA DEQ stormwater permits issued; grading underway. Landowner: REB Investment Company, LLC.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 153,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "The Louisa County Board of Supervisors approved the Technology Overlay District 6-1 (April 2023) — the zoning action the county and AWS both cite as enabling LATC (and NCTC) ahead of the ~$11B combined investment announcement — with no organized opposition documented at that hearing.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-laveen-az",
    "name": "AWS Laveen Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3727,
      "lon": -112.1669,
      "city": "Laveen",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Amazon (via Amazon Data Services) acquired ~220 acres near Loop 202 & Dobbins Rd in Laveen (Phoenix) for a possible data center; $277M land purchase",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-acquires-220-acres-in-phoenix-arizona-for-possible-data-center/",
        "label": "Amazon acquires 220 acres in Phoenix, Arizona for possible data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aztechcouncil.org/amazon-buys-massive-valley-site-for-potential-data-center/",
        "label": "Arizona Technology Council — Amazon buys massive Valley site",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "~220-acre land acquisition ($277M) near Loop 202 & Dobbins Rd, Laveen (Phoenix), Maricopa County. No capacity, utility, or AI-specific program announced yet — recorded as proposed / mixed_use pending a construction announcement (re-review trigger). Coordinates are the Laveen area centroid.",
    "landAcres": 220,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-mattermeade-caroline-va",
    "name": "AWS Mattermeade Tech Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.044,
      "lon": -77.3527,
      "city": "Bowling Green",
      "county": "Caroline",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 770
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Amazon filed for Army Corps permits for the 11-building 'Mattermeade' campus (1,143 acres across Caroline & Spotsylvania counties, SE of I-95 & Mudd Tavern Rd); public comment through March 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "CONFIRMS the s40 refutation: the candidate 'Mattameade (Spotsylvania)' is NOT a new facility — it is the SAME AWS campus as the tracked aws-mattermeade-caroline-va, which by design bifurcates BOTH Spotsylvania and Caroline counties (1,078-1,143 acres, ~4.5M sq ft). 'Orrock Tech Campus' is AWS's working name for the SAME project: ~920 acres of data centers in Caroline + ~158 acres off Orrock Rd in ",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-requests-permit-for-11-building-data-center-campus-in-caroline-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Amazon requests permit for 11-building data center campus in Caroline County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/33006046/amazon-plans-major-data-center-expansion-in-virginias-spotsylvania-county",
        "label": "Data Center Frontier — AWS Spotsylvania/Caroline campuses incl. Orrock (1,078 ac spanning both counties)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/799/Rezoning-Cases",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County rezoning cases index (Orrock Rd Spotsylvania portion, A-2->I-2, supports Caroline campus)",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/amazon-eyes-caroline-spotsylvania-for-11-building-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Virginia Business — Amazon eyes Caroline, Spotsylvania for 11-building data center campus (2025-02-20)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "1,143 acres across Caroline & Spotsylvania counties, SE of the I-95 / Mudd Tavern Rd interchange; 11 two-story data center buildings plus an office. Amazon is 'seeking to develop a minimum of 770 MW by 2027'. Recorded as proposed (federal permit application filed / public-comment stage as of early 2025). Coordinates are the Bowling Green / Woodford area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "landAcres": 1143,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-newton-court-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "AWS New Albany (Newton Court)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.093702,
      "lon": -82.72994,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Listed as built 2024 / fully operational by data-center directories; Licking County Auditor land-use class 305 ('Research/Chemical Labs' = built industrial) on the Amazon Data Services Inc parcel at 2575 Newton Ct.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=Parcel%3D'095-112074-00.000'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County Auditor parcel/GIS record (parcel 095-112074-00.000, 2575 Newton Ct — Amazon Data Services Inc, Industrial land-use class 305 'Research/Chemical Labs' = built, 92.7 ac)",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-2575-newton",
        "label": "Amazon 2575 Newton ('Tower Ultra') — fully operational, built 2024, AWS US East (Ohio) region",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/more-amazon-wind-and-solar-farms-are-live/",
        "label": "AWS News Blog: More Amazon wind and solar farms are live",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Operational AWS data center on a ~93-acre Amazon Data Services Inc parcel at 2575 Newton Ct, New Albany (~7 km south of the Beech/Miller cluster) — part of Amazon's AWS US-East-2 (Ohio) footprint. Data-center directories label it '2575 Newton' / 'Tower Ultra', built 2024 / fully operational. Licking County Auditor land-use class 305 ('Research/Chemical Labs' = built industrial); owner Amazon Data Services Inc. Data-center directories list numbered Newton addresses (2575/2675/2775/2875/2975) as separate sites, but only one Amazon-owned parcel (095-112074-00.000) exists at 2575 Newton Ct — the numbered addresses are buildings within this single parcel, not distinct sites. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Licking County Auditor parcel centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Part of the New Albany 'Silicon Heartland' campus cluster. No site-specific clean-energy deal or on-site generation found for this address; same caveat as other New Albany-area buildings — Amazon's documented Ohio renewables are company-wide, not site-tied."
    },
    "landAcres": 92.69,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-north-creek-technology-campus-louisa-va",
    "name": "North Creek Technology Campus (NCTC)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.999666431819,
      "lon": -77.967415971191,
      "city": "Louisa",
      "county": "Louisa",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-11-09",
        "note": "proposed per Louisa County Planning Commission buffer/landscaping plan discussion (Nov. 9, 2024) + county-sourced reporting",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/aws-preparing-to-start-work-at-lake",
        "label": "Louisa County Planning Commission buffer/landscaping plan discussion (Nov. 9, 2024) + county-sourced reporting",
        "publisher": "Tammy Purcell / Engage Louisa (citing Louisa County Planning Commission proceedings)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-files-for-38-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-in-louisa-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Amazon files for 3.8 million sq ft data center campus in Louisa County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.louisacounty.gov/3258/Data-Centers",
        "label": "Louisa County Data Centers information page",
        "publisher": "Louisa County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Media/Public-Notices/Article/3952905/nao-2024-01939-amazon-data-services-louisa-virginia/",
        "label": "US Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District — Public Notice NAO-2024-01939 (Amazon Data Services, Louisa, Virginia)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Preliminary estimate of at least 17 total DC buildings across both Louisa campuses combined; ~628 of the 1,444-acre assemblage held as open space, ~380 acres to be donated to the county for a public park. No formal local rezoning/SUP filing yet as of the cited meeting — status set to 'permitted' cautiously based on land-disturbance-adjacent county process; confirm before elevating capacity figures (3GW is a stated potential ceiling from 10 substations, not a committed buildout). Status corrected to proposed: no formal permit or site plan filed as of the Nov 2024 Planning Commission buffer/landscaping discussion (still exploratory). 'Up to 3 GW' = ten 300 MW substations (a ceiling, not permitted capacity). Public-reception check (2026-09-10): North Creek Technology Campus (NCTC) is confirmed distinct from a THIRD AWS Louisa County proposal (near Northeast Creek Reservoir/Mineral) that Amazon withdrew 2025-07-25/28 after strong resident opposition (\"Please don't Loudoun Louisa... Please say no to this additional data center,\" per a July 2025 board-of-supervisors public-comment session). NCTC itself was one of two AWS campuses approved by-right under the county's Technology Overlay District and moved to construction without the surge of documented opposition seen on the third project. No hearing/vote record specific to NCTC was found. Checked: Virginia Business, a Louisa data-center timeline site, and a local Substack covering county supervisors' meetings.",
    "landAcres": 816,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-pdx154-boardman-airport-or",
    "name": "AWS PDX 154 (Boardman Airport Campus)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.81556,
      "lon": -119.81621,
      "city": "Boardman",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/amazon-plans-another-data-center-southwest-of-tri-cities",
        "label": "Amazon plans another data center southwest of Tri-Cities — Morrow County Planning Commission approved Amazon's land use application, called PDX 154, at its March 31, 2026 meeting; campus just east of Boardman Airport totalling 816,000 sq ft across four data center buildings of 190,000-218,000 sq ft each, plus a 7,260 sq ft industrial water building, an 8-acre stormwater evaporation pond, two 2-acre wastewater evaporation ponds and a 1.4-acre septic drain field",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "community": {
      "notes": "Morrow County planning commissioners attached conditions to the approval, requiring Amazon to mitigate stormwater and wastewater impacts and to prevent facility lighting from affecting the Boardman Airport runway. The same report notes Amazon agreed to pay $20.5 million to settle a lawsuit over nitrate pollution associated with existing operations at the Port of Morrow — that settlement concerns existing operations, not this project."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-portage-in",
    "name": "AWS Portage Data Center (AmeriPlex at the Port)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6090532,
      "lon": -87.170469,
      "city": "Portage",
      "county": "Porter",
      "street": "West Prairie School Drive",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-12-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-12-20",
        "note": "Amazon announced an $87 million data center at AmeriPlex at the Port after a 2.5-year local recruitment effort.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Reported as operational by commercial data-centre trackers. Compute Atlas does not cite those trackers — their terms forbid redistribution and this dataset is CC-BY-4.0 — and no primary record (county, utility or company) confirming operation has been found, so this status is carried at `rumored` confidence and is deliberately uncited."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/amazon-building-87m-data-center-in-portage",
        "label": "Amazon building $87M data center in Portage",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "$87M total comprises roughly $35M of building and $52M of IT equipment, in the AmeriPlex at the Port business park north of I-94 and south of Ports of Indiana-Burns Harbor. At least 10 jobs at $100,000+ were committed, and Portage reported $7.5M of property taxes over ten years under the abatement agreement — that figure is taxes payable, not an abatement amount, so no subsidy entry is asserted. This is a small AWS edge/availability-zone site, entirely separate from the New Carlisle Project Rainier campus already tracked.",
    "investmentUsd": 87000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 10,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-project-atlas-madison-county-ms",
    "name": "AWS Project Atlas – Madison County Mega Site (Canton)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.6121,
      "lon": -90.039,
      "city": "Canton",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "AWS confirmed as operator behind $10B Madison County development; two hyperscale complexes at Madison County Mega Site and Costas Property near Tougaloo College [Scope note added 2026-09-10: this note is preserved verbatim as the 2024 historical record, when this row covered BOTH Madison County campuses. The row was narrowed to the Canton Mega Site (927 acres) on 2026-09-10; the Ridgeland Costas Property is tracked separately as aws-costas-ridgeland-ms. Read the acreage and the 'two parks' framing here as history, not as this record's current scope.]",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Construction underway across approximately 1,700 acres in two Madison County industrial parks; completion expected 2027 [Scope note added 2026-09-10: this note is preserved verbatim as the 2024 historical record, when this row covered BOTH Madison County campuses. The row was narrowed to the Canton Mega Site (927 acres) on 2026-09-10; the Ridgeland Costas Property is tracked separately as aws-costas-ridgeland-ms. Read the acreage and the 'two parks' framing here as history, not as this record's current scope.]"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-confirmed-as-company-behind-10bn-mississippi-data-center-development/",
        "label": "AWS confirmed as company behind $10bn Mississippi data center development",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-25-billion-mississippi-data-centers",
        "label": "Amazon plans to invest $25 billion in Mississippi data centers, create 2,000 jobs",
        "publisher": "About Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://siteselection.com/amazon-delivers-record-package-to-mississippi/",
        "label": "Amazon Delivers Record Package to Mississippi",
        "publisher": "Site Selection Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/amazons-canton-data-center-promises-prosperity-for-neighbors-its-bringing-dust-noise-and-pollution-fears/",
        "label": "Amazon's Canton AI Data Center Brings Dust, Noise and Pollution Fears for Neighbors",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/madison-county-denies-amazons-valuation-appeal-for-canton-data-centers-preserving-millions-in-tax-revenue/",
        "label": "Madison County Denies Amazon's Valuation Appeal for Canton Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Two distinct complexes: Madison County Mega Site (outside Canton) and Costas Property (west of Tougaloo College near County Line Rd, Ridgeland). Amazon's total Mississippi statewide commitment expanded to $25B including subsequent Warren County ($3B) and Hinds County ($1B) announcements. Coordinates are approximate Canton-area centroid. Veolia water partnership claim removed: About Amazon source names Arable (not Veolia) as water replenishment partner; recycled wastewater target of 83M gallons/year by 2027 is confirmed. NARROWED TO CANTON 2026-09-10 (maintainer adjudication): this record previously combined two campuses. Madison County's own tax administration treats them as separate — it 'has entered into two fee-in-lieu-of-taxes agreements with the tech giant for its data center campuses in Canton and Ridgeland' (Mississippi Free Press, 2026-08-19) — and Magnolia Tribune (2024-07-24) gives the physical split: the Madison County Mega Site is '927 acres ... located off Highway 22 and Nissan Parkway in Canton', while the Costas Property is 'an additional 786 acres in Ridgeland'. The Ridgeland campus is therefore now tracked separately as aws-costas-ridgeland-ms, and landAcres here was reduced from the combined 1,700 to Canton's 927 so the two records do not double-count acreage. ⚠️ capacityMw, investmentUsd and jobs on this record remain PROGRAM-LEVEL figures from the original Project Atlas announcement covering BOTH Madison County campuses; they are deliberately left in place here rather than split, because no source apportions them per campus. Do NOT sum them with aws-costas-ridgeland-ms, which carries no capacity, investment or jobs figures for exactly this reason. location.precision was also corrected from 'exact' to 'approximate': this record's own notes already stated the coordinate is a Canton-area centroid, so the 'exact' claim was wrong. CORRECTION: this record aggregates two campuses that Madison County's own tax/incentive administration treats as legally and financially separate -- the Madison County Mega Site (927 acres, off Highway 22 and Nissan Parkway, Canton) and the Costas Property (786 acres, Highland Colony Parkway / West County Line Road, Ridgeland) -- confirmed by a 2026-08-19 Mississippi Free Press report on Madison County's denial of AWS's Canton tax-valuation appeal: the county 'has entered into two fee-in-lieu-of-taxes agreements with the tech giant for its data center campuses in Canton and Ridgeland.' Recommend re-scoping this record to the Canton (Madison County Mega Site) campus alone -- its location.lat/lon (32.6121, -90.039) and 'exact' precision already read as Canton-specific, closer to Canton than to Ridgeland -- and using the companion new-facility record aws-costas-ridgeland-ms (786 acres, Highland Colony Pkwy/West County Line Rd intersection) for Ridgeland. Do NOT attempt to apportion this record's combined capacityMw (1000 MW planned), investmentUsd ($10B), or jobs (7,000/1,000) by site -- no source fetched in this run or last wave's states a per-site breakdown of those figures; apportioning by acreage share (54%/46%) would be a fabricated estimate. Note also that Ridgeland is itself within Madison County, so the aggregate's 'Madison County' framing is not geographically wrong, only combined.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "Entergy deploying additional solar farms in Hinds, Washington, and Tallahatchie counties; Entergy investing $2-3B in grid infrastructure (Superpower Mississippi initiative)"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Canton facility transitioning to 100% recycled wastewater for cooling by 2027; 83 million gallons annually per Amazon announcement"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Project Atlas – Mississippi Major Economic Impact Act package",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Fee-in-lieu-of-tax agreement",
        "jurisdiction": "Madison County",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 927,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 7000,
      "permanent": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Canton neighbors report dust, noise and air-quality effects and say they were not consulted; the Southern Environmental Law Center has raised ambient-air-standard concerns over the 700+ diesel generators. No litigation over the Canton campus is documented in the fetched sources.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-project-cosmos-marysville-oh",
    "name": "AWS Project Cosmos",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.237,
      "lon": -83.35,
      "city": "Marysville",
      "county": "Union",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (city water supply; non-contact cooling with on-site storage)",
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "AWS files rezoning application for Marysville Innovation Park at 14684 Industrial Parkway",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Marysville City Council approves Community Reinvestment Area agreement; 30-year 100% property tax exemption granted; permit issued March 10, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "City of Marysville FAQ confirms site readiness activities began early 2026 with construction running through 2027; DCD had projected August 2025 construction start from permit approval which appears to have been delayed. Two buildings (~250,000 sq ft each); completion targeted 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-gets-go-ahead-for-data-center-campus-in-marysville-ohio/",
        "label": "AWS gets go-ahead for data center campus in Marysville, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.growunioncountyohio.com/media-posts/aws-press-release",
        "label": "Amazon Web Services Press Release - Grow Union County Ohio",
        "publisher": "Grow Union County Ohio / AWS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://marysvilleohio.org/772/Data-Center-FAQs",
        "label": "Data Center FAQs - City of Marysville, OH",
        "publisher": "City of Marysville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "14684 Industrial Parkway, Marysville OH 43040 (Union County, ~30 mi NW of Columbus). Two-building campus totaling ~500,000 sq ft on 55 acres. Also referenced as 'Project Cosmo' (without trailing 's') in DCD. Jobs updated to 50 per Marysville city FAQ ('at least 50 full-time operational jobs'); original record stated 25 from DCD/Amazon initial filing. Construction start updated to early 2026 per city FAQ; DCD had projected August 2025 which appears delayed. Part of AWS's broader $10B+ Ohio infrastructure commitment. Coordinates are approximate Marysville Innovation Park area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Non-contact cooling; on-site water storage used during off-peak hours; city water supply only (no on-site wells)"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "30-year 100% property tax exemption (Community Reinvestment Area)",
        "jurisdiction": "Marysville, Union County, OH",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 55,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-project-eagle-boling-wharton-county-tx",
    "name": "AWS Project Eagle (Wharton County)",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.3167,
      "lon": -96.0553,
      "city": "Boling",
      "county": "Wharton",
      "street": "Eaglewood Road",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/aws-files-1-2-billion-permit-for-four-building-data-center-campus-in-wharton-county-texas",
        "label": "AWS Files $1.2 Billion Permit for Data Center in Texas",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Project Eagle: four identical 189,060 sq ft buildings ($300M each) at 240/244/258 Eaglewood Road near FM 1301/FM 442; construction planned to start Aug 1 2026, staggered completion Jan-Aug 2027.",
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 2700,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-project-spectrum-somervell-county-tx",
    "name": "AWS Project Spectrum (Somervell/Hood County)",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.2373,
      "lon": -97.7561,
      "county": "Somervell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-25",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/amazon-to-collocate-5-billion-project-spectrum-data-center-campus-in-texas-with-nuclear-power-plant/",
        "label": "Amazon to Collocate $5 Billion Project Spectrum Data Center Campus in Texas with Nuclear Power Plant",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Up to 18 two-story buildings on Vistra-owned land adjacent to the Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, with an additional 1,265+ acres being coordinated in neighboring Hood County; distinct facility/operator from the existing Vistra/AWS PPA power_generation record for Comanche Peak itself. Construction could commence 2027; still subject to finalized lease terms with Vistra.",
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 435,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-project-steamboat-warren-county-ms",
    "name": "AWS Project Steamboat – Warren County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3526,
      "lon": -90.8779,
      "city": "Vicksburg",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Announced in downtown Vicksburg as 'Project Steamboat'; Amazon states 'at least $3 billion in Warren County, Mississippi' for a next-generation data center campus, the largest private investment in Warren County's history. Construction slated to begin in 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-3-billion-mississippi-data-center-investment",
        "label": "Amazon plans to invest at least $3 billion in Warren County, Mississippi, for next-generation data center campus",
        "publisher": "About Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mpbonline.org/blogs/news/amazon-web-services-to-build-3-billion-data-center-in-warren-county-expanding-tech-footprint-in-mi/",
        "label": "Amazon to build $3 billion data center in Warren County, expanding tech footprint in Mississippi",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-25-billion-mississippi-data-centers",
        "label": "Amazon plans to invest $25 billion in Mississippi data centers, create 2,000 jobs",
        "publisher": "About Amazon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Net-new: a Warren County site, distinct from the Madison County aggregate record aws-project-atlas-madison-county-ms, whose notes cite the Warren County $3B only as part of Amazon's $25B statewide total. Codename 'Project Steamboat'. Confirmed absence of a precise site: MPB reports the announcement was made in downtown Vicksburg and other coverage places the campus 'near the new Port of Vicksburg', but no source fetched in this run discloses the parcel, road, or acreage — coordinates are a Vicksburg city centroid, precision 'approximate'. Status kept at 'proposed' rather than 'under_construction': Amazon's own page still calls it a 'planned investment' and MPB says construction was 'slated to begin in 2026'; no fetched source confirms ground has been broken as of 2026-09-09. Jobs: 'at least 200 new jobs at the Amazon data center campus' plus 'more than 300 additional full-time equivalent positions in the Warren County community' — only the 200 direct figure is recorded. Subsidy has no dollar figure in any fetched source, so amountUsd is deliberately omitted; MPB reports the incentives 'can extend for up to 30 years if AWS keeps meeting investment and job thresholds' and that a portion of Amazon's payments in lieu of property taxes would flow to the Vicksburg Warren School District. Note the sibling Entergy record entergy-vicksburg-aps-ms is the 754 MW gas station on the old Baxter Wilson site in the same county.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Mississippi Major Economic Impact Authority incentives (corporate income tax exemptions, sales tax rebates on construction and equipment, state-backed infrastructure financing)",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-resilient-technology-park-shreveport-la",
    "name": "Amazon Web Services Shreveport Campus (Resilient Technology Park)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5135356,
      "lon": -93.7477839,
      "city": "Shreveport",
      "county": "Caddo",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-19",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-19",
        "note": "Announced as Amazon's third northwest Louisiana campus, raising the regional program from $12B to $18B.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://thehayride.com/2026/08/amazon-announces-6b-data-center-investment-in-shreveport/",
        "label": "Amazon announces $6B data center investment in Shreveport",
        "publisher": "The Hayride",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktbs.com/news/louisiana/amazon-announces-6b-data-center-investment-in-shreveport/article_b675ab68-f5cf-5376-b3e1-87a79fd38202.html",
        "label": "Amazon announces $6B data center investment in Shreveport",
        "publisher": "KTBS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Third and separately announced Amazon campus in northwest Louisiana, sited at the Resilient Technology Park in west Shreveport. Distinct from the two campuses already under construction in rural Caddo and Bossier parishes. 499 indirect jobs also cited.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO)",
      "notes": "Amazon says it will coordinate with SWEPCO to fully fund the new energy infrastructure and grid upgrades required."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Amazon states it will fund all water and wastewater improvements required by the projects, investing up to $400 million in public water infrastructure across its three northwest Louisiana campuses."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2250,
      "permanent": 210,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The west Shreveport announcement was pulled from the February 2026 state event after a suit by three plaintiffs and the Sierra Club Delta Chapter; the case remains in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-richmond-county-nc",
    "name": "Amazon Web Services Richmond County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.9445,
      "lon": -79.775,
      "city": "Rockingham",
      "county": "Richmond",
      "street": "Airport Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "AWS announced $10 billion investment; largest single capital project in North Carolina history"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-31",
        "note": "Official groundbreaking at Energy Way Industrial Park, Rockingham",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-breaks-ground-on-10bn-data-center-complex-in-richmond-county-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Amazon breaks ground on $10bn data center complex in Richmond County, North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessnc.com/amazon-plots-state-record-10b-data-center-project-in-richmond-county/",
        "label": "Amazon plots state record $10B data center project in Richmond County",
        "publisher": "Business North Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalpine.com/news/secret-deal-amazon-data-center-nc/",
        "label": "Inside the secretive deal for a $10 billion Amazon data center in rural NC",
        "publisher": "Cardinal & Pine (reporting by Inside Climate News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2026/06/26/deq-announces-joint-public-hearing-amazon-data-center-and-duke-energy-air-quality-permits-richmond",
        "label": "DEQ announces joint public hearing on Amazon data center and Duke Energy air quality permits in Richmond County",
        "publisher": "North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/2026-08-29/amazons-richmond-county-data-center-gets-green-light-on-air-quality-permits",
        "label": "Amazon's Richmond County data center gets green light on air quality permits",
        "publisher": "WUNC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Energy Way Industrial Park, Rockingham, NC. Up to 20 buildings each 200,000-225,000 sq ft at full build. No state incentives; only local county tax breaks. MW capacity not publicly disclosed. Coordinates are Rockingham city centroid. Original secondary source (richmondnc.com/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=168) returned HTTP 404 and was replaced with Business NC article. poweredBy field removed: DCD reports the method of powering has not been publicly confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "Sited adjacent to Duke Energy Sherwood H. Smith Jr. energy complex (2.24 GW natural gas capacity). Per Data Center Dynamics, how the data center will be powered has not been publicly revealed; Duke Energy is the regional utility but the facility's energy arrangement is unconfirmed."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Energy and water usage figures were made confidential under the county's April 2025 incentive agreement for 'Project Blue Marlin' and are not publicly disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "50% property tax reduction; 65% personal property tax relief (20-year incentive package per building, contingent on $1B investment and 50 jobs by end of 2030)",
        "jurisdiction": "Richmond County, NC",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 800,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Groundbreaking ceremony October 31, 2025 attended by local and state officials; described as largest single capital project in NC history",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-scioto-darby-hilliard-oh",
    "name": "AWS Scioto Darby Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.01895,
      "lon": -83.12439,
      "city": "Hilliard",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2021-01",
        "note": "152 acres / 6 parcels at 4120 Scioto Darby Rd, up to 7 buildings plus 1 utility/security building; land bought January 2021 for $15.29M.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-19",
        "note": "Flipped under_construction -> operational. Franklin County Auditor assessed building area is populated (695,120 sq ft) on the campus parcel (050-002806, land-use class 'data center', Amazon Data Services Inc) = built, not a bare shell; data-center directories (DC Byte / datacenterHawk) list the campus's early buildings as operational with later phases still under construction. Expansion continues.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-planning-third-data-center-campus-in-hilliard-ohio/",
        "label": "AWS planning third data center campus in Hilliard, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-scioto-darby-campus",
        "label": "Amazon Scioto Darby Campus",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'050-002806'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Franklin County parcel/GIS record (parcel 050-002806, 4200 Scioto Darby Creek Rd — AMAZON DATA SERVICES INC, data-center use class, ~143 ac GIS)",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'050-002806'&outFields=PARCELID,SITEADDRESS,OWNERNME1,CLASSDSCRP,BLDGAREA&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Franklin County Auditor building record — parcel 050-002806 (4200 Scioto Darby Creek Rd, Amazon Data Services Inc): assessed building area 695,120 sq ft + land-use class 'data center' = built/operational",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "AWS's 3rd Hilliard campus, at 4120 Scioto Darby Rd. 152 acres across 6 parcels, up to 7 buildings plus 1 utility/security building; land bought January 2021 for $15.29M. Distinct from the tracked AWS Cosmos/Galaxy campuses and from the AWS Cosgray Road campus (also in Hilliard).",
    "landAcres": 152,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-sprigg-township-adams-county-oh",
    "name": "AWS Sprigg Township Data Center Campus (Buck Canyon)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services (land held via Buck Canyon Properties)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.63778,
      "lon": -83.69306,
      "city": "Manchester",
      "county": "Adams",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02-18",
        "note": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers issued Nationwide Permit No. 39 for site work near the former Stuart/Killen power-plant sites.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://amazon.adamscountyoh.gov/",
        "label": "AWS - Adams County, OH (official project page)",
        "publisher": "Amazon / Adams County, OH",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/i-team/adams-county-data-center-gets-federal-permit-as-voters-sign-petitions-to-block-it",
        "label": "Adams County data center gets federal permit, as voters sign petitions to block it",
        "publisher": "WCPO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/local-news/2026-08-25/adams-county-ohio-utility-costs-data-center-amazon",
        "label": "Adams County residents fear environmental and utility costs of possible data center",
        "publisher": "WVXU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2026/02/26/sprigg-township-oh-passes-data-center-moratorium/",
        "label": "Sprigg Township, OH Passes Data Center Moratorium",
        "publisher": "Food & Water Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "No formal development proposal has been filed with Adams County per county officials as of Aug 2026, but a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit 39 was issued 2026-02-18 covering site work, and the county's own AWS project page states initial earthwork is expected in 2026 (general contractor not yet determined).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AES Ohio",
      "notes": "AWS will fund, build, own, and operate an on-site substation; site sits on ~1,000 acres including a former DP&L landfill, near the retired J.M. Stuart coal plant."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Sprigg Township passed a 12-month data center moratorium (2026-02-26) after residents learned of the project; a resident-founded group (Conserve Ohio) is pushing a statewide ban on large-scale data centers, citing rising electricity costs and water/environmental concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-summit-crossing-tech-campus-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Summit Crossing Tech Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.18847901989237,
      "lon": -77.44053482811216,
      "city": "Massaponax",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/33006046/amazon-plans-major-data-center-expansion-in-virginias-spotsylvania-county",
        "label": "Data Center Frontier — Amazon plans major data center expansion in Spotsylvania County (Summit Crossing: 231 ac, 2.1M sq ft)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fxbgadvance.com/p/digital-insights-the-status-of-data",
        "label": "The Fredericksburg Advance — Digital Insights: status of data centers in Spotsylvania (all four AWS campuses under construction, buildings going up)",
        "publisher": "The Fredericksburg Advance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/amazon-summit-crossing-tech-campus",
        "label": "Baxtel — Amazon Summit Crossing Tech Campus (231 ac, Phase 1 max 900k sq ft, rezoning approved Oct 2023)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "One of Amazon Web Services' four Spotsylvania/Caroline data center campuses (Summit Crossing, Carter's Store, Cosner [tracked as aws-cosner-technology-campus-massaponax-va, ST23-0031], Orrock [tracked as aws-mattermeade-caroline-va]). ~231 acres, up to ~2.1M sq ft of data center buildings (Phase 1 max ~900k sq ft). Located on the south side of Summit Crossing Road, ~0.5 mi west of the Spotsylvania/Caroline county line; borders the Carter's Store campus. Amazon Data Services filed June 2023 to rezone from Rural (RU) to Industrial-1 (I-1); Board of Supervisors approved the four AWS rezonings in a 5-2 vote in October 2023 (Spotsylvania \"ST23\" case series). Reported under construction / buildings going up per The Fredericksburg Advance (2026). Coordinates approximate (Summit Crossing Road geocode; parcels not GIS-confirmed this pass).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 231,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning on a 5-2 vote (Oct 2023)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-trenton-madison-st-clair-butler-oh",
    "name": "AWS Trenton / Madison–St. Clair Township Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4808905,
      "lon": -84.4577222,
      "city": "Trenton",
      "county": "Butler",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-25",
        "note": "Both townships objected to the annexation petition, leaving next steps to Butler County commissioners.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/butler-county/townships-move-to-capture-future-data-center-tax-revenue-as-trenton-pursues-annexation",
        "label": "Townships move to capture future data center tax revenue as Trenton pursues annexation",
        "publisher": "WCPO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Roughly 600 acres in Madison and St. Clair townships straddling Wayne Madison and Hawkins roads, reported as a second AWS campus of about 18 buildings with an estimated project value near $690 million. The reporting also references a separate 141-acre site already inside Trenton city limits; a 141-acre Prologis campus (Project Mila) is tracked separately at Trenton and no source read here links the two, so no relationship is asserted.",
    "landAcres": 600,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Madison Township and St. Clair Township trustees rejected Trenton's Type 3 expedited annexation petition in late August 2026, citing environmental and road-maintenance concerns, amid a dispute over competing TIF terms (townships: 10-year/75%; Trenton: 30-year/100%).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-umatilla-city-or",
    "name": "AWS Umatilla Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.91735,
      "lon": -119.34252,
      "city": "Umatilla",
      "county": "Umatilla",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/07/22/data-center-eastern-oregon-air-quality-umatilla-basin/",
        "label": "Why data centers pose an outsized threat to Eastern Oregon's air quality — of data centers in the city of Umatilla: 'It has four in city limits, and three others in the works.' 'All but one belong to Amazon.' Umatilla's budget has risen seven-fold since Amazon started building there around 2018",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/energy/article/33011494/sabey-data-centers-plans-100-mw-multi-tenant-campus-in-gathering-eastern-oregon",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers Plans 100 MW Multi-Tenant Campus in Eastern Oregon — the Sabey property in Umatilla 'lies due west of sites for two even larger data centers Amazon plans to build' in the city; Umatilla Electric Cooperative serves AWS operations in Umatilla and Morrow counties",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/biz/Publications/Boards/Business%20Oregon%20Commission/2023/AmazonSIPAgendaItem.pdf",
        "label": "Business Oregon Commission agenda item — 'Amazon has an active SIP in Umatilla city/County, as approved in 2017'; Amazon holds 12 of 13 additionally certified long-term rural enterprise zone facilities, 'Seven of the 12 are in Umatilla County'",
        "publisher": "Business Oregon (Oregon Business Development Department)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bendbulletin.com/2023/09/15/small-eastern-oregon-city-could-be-next-hotspot-for-big-data-centers/",
        "label": "Small eastern Oregon city could be next hotspot for big data centers — enumerates Amazon's Umatilla County footprint as of Sept 2023: two existing data centers in Umatilla and two more under construction there plus two with tax-break agreements; one operating data center in unincorporated Umatilla County near Hermiston, one under construction within Hermiston city limits, and two further Hermiston projects with negotiated tax deals",
        "publisher": "The Bulletin (Bend, OR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Umatilla Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "community": {
      "notes": "OPB reports Umatilla has seen a seven-fold increase in its overall budget since Amazon began building more data centers there around 2018; a city official said that prior to data centers arriving, 'quite literally everything was deferred maintenance.'"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-wallula-gap-walla-walla-wa",
    "name": "AWS Wallula Gap Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.0726,
      "lon": -118.9135,
      "city": "Wallula",
      "county": "Walla Walla",
      "street": "Sundance Road, Wallula Gap Business Park",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "A ~$4.8B, ~300 MW data center in Walla Walla County (Wallula), widely reported to be AWS",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-05",
        "note": "Walla Walla County's own project page and local reporting show the campus is still in permitting, not construction. The county held a pre-application meeting on April 29, 2026, issued a Notice of Incomplete Application on June 23, 2026, and issued a Notice of Complete Application on August 24, 2026 (files SDP26-01 and SEPA26-05). As of September 1, 2026 no final land-use decision has been made and construction has not been initiated. The record's current 'under_construction' status is not supported by these sources.",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-likely-behind-48bn-data-center-in-walla-walla-washington/",
        "label": "AWS likely behind $4.8bn data center in Walla Walla, Washington",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/amazon-wallula-gap",
        "label": "Port of Walla Walla names Amazon Data Services as Wallula Gap buyer",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/wallula-data-center",
        "label": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business — 'Transformative' $5 billion data center campus planned for Wallula",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcrightnow.com/news/amazon-to-hold-burbank-open-house-on-walla-walla-county-data-center-plan/article_7704eb3b-1182-4823-808e-52f20c90d0cf.html",
        "label": "Amazon to hold Burbank open house on Walla Walla County data center plan",
        "publisher": "NBC Right Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://elkhornmediagroup.com/amazons-proposed-data-center-application-deemed-complete-by-walla-walla-county/",
        "label": "Amazon's proposed data center application deemed complete by Walla Walla County",
        "publisher": "Elkhorn Media Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wwcowa.gov/government/community_development/amazon_data_center.php",
        "label": "Walla Walla County Community Development — Amazon data center project page",
        "publisher": "Walla Walla County, Washington",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "~$4.8B, ~300 MW campus near Wallula, Walla Walla County; operator reported (not officially confirmed) to be AWS → confidence reported. Coordinates are the Wallula area centroid. Operator confirmed as Amazon Data Services when the Port of Walla Walla amended the buyer from Advance Phase LLC to Amazon Data Services (Feb 12, 2026 commission vote; >550 acres for >$36M land) — confidence upgraded to confirmed. The reported ~$4.8B (DCD) / ~$5B (local) campus figure is an estimate across ~4 phases, not a firm pledge -> investmentUsd omitted. Port projects ~720 direct+indirect jobs at full build-out (projection) -> jobs honest-zero. Eligible for Washington's rural-county server-equipment sales/use-tax exemption (RCW 82.08.986) but no DOR certificate is confirmed -> subsidy honest-zero. Water source and cooling type are undisclosed pending SEPA (no water rights were conveyed in the land deal).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Columbia Rural Electric Assn, Inc",
      "notes": "In Pacific Power (PacifiCorp) service territory (utility inferred from territory, not company-confirmed); regional supply is hydro-dominant."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Amazon's Aug 2026 community materials state the cooling system will use outside air ~93% of the year, with water-based cooling supplementing during the hottest ~7%."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4800000000,
    "landAcres": 500,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Port of Walla Walla commissioners approved the amended land sale unanimously (Feb 12, 2026), calling the project transformative; documented concerns from the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (sacred Snake/Columbia confluence), environmental and academic voices, and a commissioner over water and power. No litigation or moratorium; a SEPA environmental review with tribal and public comment is still pending.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-warner-road-jerome-township-oh",
    "name": "AWS Warner Road Campus (Jerome Township)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.118607,
      "lon": -83.199984,
      "city": "Plain City",
      "county": "Union",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Amazon's Ohio wind/solar portfolio is company-wide clean-energy matching (23 wind/solar projects, incl. the Paulding County wind farm), not a site-specific PPA for this campus.",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Union County Auditor records the Amazon Data Services Inc buildings as year built 2023-2024 (multiple buildings ~214k+214k+157k sq ft assessed, $36.7M appraised building value); site rezoned for a data center Feb 2021 (Marysville Journal-Tribune).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www7.co.union.oh.us/unioncountyohio/rest/services/ParcelAllSaleinfoBuildingInfo/MapServer/1/query?where=ParcelNo%3D'1500300200000'&outFields=ParcelNo,DeedOwner,Address,city,township,Acreage,classDescription,yearBuilt,TotalBuildingArea,AppraisedBuildValue&f=json",
        "label": "Union County Auditor building record (parcel 1500300200000 / 8567 Warner Rd — Amazon Data Services Inc, year built 2023-2024, multiple buildings ~214k+214k+157k sq ft, $36.7M appraised building value, 92.8 ac)",
        "publisher": "Union County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.marysvillejt.com/2021/02/20/rezoning-approved-for-amazon-data-center/",
        "label": "Rezoning approved for Amazon data center (Feb 2021) — Jerome Township Trustees rezoned 99.5 acres on the south side of Warner Rd, west of Industrial Parkway, for an Amazon data center",
        "publisher": "Marysville Journal-Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2025-09-09/jerome-township-puts-pause-on-new-data-center-development-for-nine-months",
        "label": "Jerome Township puts pause on new data center development for nine months (Sep 2025) — confirms two operational AWS data centers in Jerome Township; AWS paid $1.1M Union County property tax in 2024",
        "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/ohio/3299/aws-warner-road-building-5",
        "label": "AWS Warner Road Building 5 — Union, Ohio (Cleanview)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/more-amazon-wind-and-solar-farms-are-live/",
        "label": "AWS News Blog: More Amazon wind and solar farms are live",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Operational AWS data center on a ~93-acre Amazon Data Services Inc parcel at 8567 Warner Rd, Jerome Township / Plain City, Union County — part of Amazon's AWS US-East-2 (Ohio) Jerome Township / 'New California' cluster. Jerome Township Trustees rezoned 99.5 acres on the south side of Warner Rd (west of Industrial Pkwy) for an Amazon data center in Feb 2021. Union County Auditor building record: year built 2023-2024, multiple buildings (~214k + 214k + 157k sq ft assessed), $36.7M appraised building value. Sits ~2 km south of the Amazon Industrial Pkwy campus (tracked separately) and ~2 km north of the Amazon Crosby Ct campus across the line in Franklin County. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are the Union County Auditor parcel centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Union Rural Electric Coop, Inc",
      "notes": "AWS Warner Road (8567 Warner Road, Plain City) is a us-east-2 operational building (43MW, Building 5 live 2025) served by Union Rural Electric Coop."
    },
    "landAcres": 92.78,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Jerome Township imposed a 9-month moratorium on new data-center development in September 2025 amid resident concerns; the existing AWS campuses continue operating.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-westborough-ma",
    "name": "Amazon Data Services Westborough",
    "operator": "Amazon Data Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.28296,
      "lon": -71.58339,
      "city": "Westborough",
      "county": "Worcester",
      "street": "600 & 800 Friberg Parkway",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/amazon-buys-two-data-centers-in-massachusetts-for-26-7m",
        "label": "Amazon Buys Two Data Centers in Massachusetts For $26.7m",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/massachusetts/3714/aws-westborough-data-center",
        "label": "AWS Westborough Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wbjournal.com/article/amazon-buys-properties-in-grafton-and-westborough-for-267m/",
        "label": "Worcester Business Journal, 2022-11-22 - \"In Westborough, Amazon bought 600 and 800 Friberg Parkway for $11.6 million. The building at 600 Friberg, a State Street data center, is 99,160 square feet.\"",
        "publisher": "Worcester Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Amazon Data Services Inc. purchased 600 Friberg Parkway (an existing ~99,150 sq ft former State Street Corp data center) and the adjacent 800 Friberg Parkway (greenfield land at the time of sale) for $11.6M combined, per a November 24, 2022 report — the two parcels total 19 acres, treated here as one representative multi-site record. Cleanview's tracker still lists status as \"Planned\" as of this check (2026-09-12); no independent confirmation of construction start or energization was found, so status is recorded as proposed rather than under_construction. investmentUsd reflects the disclosed real-estate acquisition price, not a separately-disclosed build-out cost.",
    "investmentUsd": 11600000,
    "landAcres": 19,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-wheatfield-in",
    "name": "AWS Wheatfield Campus (Project Rise)",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1955,
      "lon": -87.0586,
      "city": "Wheatfield",
      "county": "Jasper",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "NIPSCO (Northern Indiana Public Service Company)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-03",
        "note": "AWS presented plans at a public open house at Kankakee Valley High School"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06-17",
        "note": "Jasper County Commissioners unanimously approved development agreements and a zoning change"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-plans-nine-building-data-center-campus-in-wheatfield-indiana/",
        "label": "Amazon plans nine-building data center campus in Wheatfield, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/jasper-county-approves-amazon-web-services-7b-data-center-project",
        "label": "Jasper County approves $7B Amazon Web Services data center project",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nwindianabusiness.com/industries/professional-services/information-technology/officials-approve-jasper-county-amazon-data-center/78353/",
        "label": "Officials approve Jasper County Amazon data center",
        "publisher": "Northwest Indiana Business Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nwitimes.com/news/local/article_54c53d5c-d0d8-4910-97a7-87b9d5391664.html",
        "label": "Amazon gets greenlight for $7 billion data center bringing 250 jobs to NW Indiana",
        "publisher": "NWI Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Codename Project Rise. Nine-building campus on 304 acres of NIPSCO-owned land ~0.5 mi from the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station; part of AWS's $15B Northern Indiana commitment. CAPACITY OMITTED: data-center IT load not disclosed; the 400 MW figure is NIPSCO's new gas peaker plant, not the facility's load. INVESTMENT OMITTED: DCD reports AWS is 'estimating an investment of around $7 billion' - a soft estimate, so no firm investmentUsd is recorded (noted here). ~250 permanent jobs are a projection (in notes, not jobs). AWS commits to restore 425 acres of Kankakee River watershed habitat and provide $25M for Wheatfield Township water access; AWS committed $1.25B to offset NIPSCO ratepayer impacts across the broader buildout. Coordinates are the Wheatfield centroid. Distinct from Project Rainier (New Carlisle) and the Hobart IN campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NIPSCO",
      "notes": "Grid power via NIPSCO, which is building a 400 MW gas peaker (target 2027) and a combined-cycle gas plant (target 2029) on adjacent property to serve the campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Natural air cooling ~98% of the year; supplemental water cooling on hot days; campus will not connect to public water systems and will fund its own water/wastewater infrastructure."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Host Community Agreement / PILOT - Jasper County development agreement (upfront community payment + annual payments in lieu of taxes)"
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 7000000000,
    "landAcres": 304,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Jasper County Commissioners voted unanimously to approve; residents invited to a June 3 2026 open house; no opposition on record in available sources."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "aws-wilmington-clinton-oh",
    "name": "AWS Wilmington Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Amazon Web Services",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4453393,
      "lon": -83.8285375,
      "city": "Wilmington",
      "county": "Clinton",
      "street": "1488 S US 68",
      "postalCode": "45177",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-07",
        "note": "Wilmington City Council approved annexation and Light Industrial zoning for the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.chooseclintoncountyoh.org/news/data-center-faqs",
        "label": "Data Center FAQs — Clinton County",
        "publisher": "Choose Clinton County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.whio.com/news/local/another-500-acres-land-zoned-second-data-center-wilmington/KXXP722G6ZD4LMQV2Z6U4UJUQE/",
        "label": "Another 500 acres of land zoned for second data center in Wilmington",
        "publisher": "WHIO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Nine data center buildings totaling about 1.92 million sq ft on a 471-acre parcel on the south side of Wilmington. AWS is funding $25+ million in shared public infrastructure (sewer trunk lines, water main, a 1 million-gallon water tower, and road work on U.S. 68 and SR 730). A separate, later rezoning added roughly 500 more acres in the city for a second, different developer's project.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Project materials describe a direct evaporative cooling system using outside air roughly 97% of the year, with an estimated 6 million gallons of water per year."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 471,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 200,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "barrio-energy-tyler-smith-county-tx",
    "name": "Barrio Energy Tyler Data Center (West Erwin Street)",
    "operator": "Barrio Energy / Barrio Resources LLC (with Vulcan Core)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.351,
      "lon": -95.3127,
      "city": "Tyler",
      "county": "Smith",
      "street": "1101–1105 West Erwin Street",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 12
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-17",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-03",
        "note": "Zoning Board of Adjustment rejected Barrio's appeal as untimely; litigation/appeal path ongoing."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tylerpaper.com/2026/06/17/data-center-developer-addresses-concerns-about-proposed-bitcoin-mining-facility-planned-for-downtown-tyler/",
        "label": "Data center developer addresses concerns about proposed Bitcoin mining facility in Tyler",
        "publisher": "Tyler Morning Telegraph",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kltv.com/2026/09/03/proposed-tyler-cryptocurrency-mining-center-denied-again/",
        "label": "Proposed Tyler cryptocurrency mining center denied again",
        "publisher": "KLTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Tyler's Planning & Zoning Commission denied Barrio's special-use permit in July 2026; the Zoning Board of Adjustment unanimously rejected a separate, untimely-filed Barrio appeal on 2026-09-03. A timely-filed appeal of the original P&Z denial remains on hold, and Barrio has a 10-day window to seek state-court review. Residents cited noise, heat discharge, water/cooling chemicals, and property-value concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "bayou-galion-solar-morehouse-parish-la",
    "name": "Bayou Galion Solar",
    "operator": "Recurrent Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.79754,
      "lon": -91.78413,
      "county": "Morehouse",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 127
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://recurrentenergy.com/project/bayou-galion-solar/",
        "label": "Bayou Galion - Recurrent Energy",
        "publisher": "Recurrent Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 67104, Bayou Galion Solar Project)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Capacity figures differ by source and are not reconciled here: Recurrent Energy publishes 127 MW, the EIA-derived record lists 98.1 MW installed, and Entergy's portfolio lists a 100 MW capacity-credit purchase agreement. The operator's own figure is recorded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Recurrent Energy (a Canadian Solar subsidiary) developed and operates the plant. Entergy Texas holds a 100 MW capacity-credit purchase agreement with a 2026 start of delivery."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "beacon-calvert-al",
    "name": "Calvert Infrastructure Hub",
    "operator": "Beacon Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.1551748,
      "lon": -88.0099997,
      "city": "Calvert",
      "county": "Mobile",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://beacondatacenters.com/campuses/calvert/",
        "label": "Calvert - Beacon Data Centers (developer's campus page)",
        "publisher": "Beacon Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Calvert%2C+Alabama&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of Calvert, Alabama — returns both a census place spanning Mobile and Washington counties and a village node (31.1551748, -88.0099997) in Washington County",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mynbc15.com/news/local/proposed-6b-data-center-campus-in-calvert-draws-questions-over-growth-utilities-impact",
        "label": "Proposed $6B data center campus in Calvert draws questions over growth, utilities, impact",
        "publisher": "NBC 15 (WPMI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Developer's campus page states verbatim: \"A 95 acre development out of a 650 acre lot\" with \"less than 15% of the site planned for development\"; \"$6 billion\"; two data center buildings plus supporting infrastructure; \"2027 First Building Completed\"; currently in a \"planning, engineering, and community engagement phase\"; \"up to 1,000 construction workers at peak construction\" and \"250 staff for operations\" at an \"average salary of $115,000\". landAcres records the 650-acre site; the built footprint is 95 acres. NO CAPACITY RECORDED: the campus page states no MW figure. Secondary coverage attributes 6 GW to Beacon's WHOLE portfolio of six-plus campuses across Alberta, New Brunswick, Tom Green County TX, Kern County CA and Calvert — that is a portfolio figure, not this site's capacity, and is deliberately not recorded. COUNTY AMBIGUITY: Beacon's own page places the hub in Mobile County and that is what is recorded, but Calvert is an unincorporated community straddling Mobile and Washington counties, and the OSM village node used for the coordinate sits on the Washington County side. Verify the county against the parcel before publishing. SUBSIDY: no incentive or abatement is mentioned on the developer's page; Mobile County and Alabama Commerce records were NOT checked in this run, so this is an unchecked gap, not an audited negative. Coordinates are the Calvert community centroid, not the 650-acre parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "Developer's campus page states \"Alabama Power will service the site using high voltage power lines they already own.\" No megawatt figure is given for this campus on that page."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.0075,
      "notes": "Developer states verbatim: \"The site will utilize a closed-loop water system. Evaporative cooling will not be used.\" That is an explicit recirculating circuit with evaporative rejection ruled out — closed_loop, not `air` (a water circuit exists) and not `evaporative`. No withdrawal or consumption figure is stated."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 650,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Beacon held a community open house on June 17, 2026 attended by more than 50 residents; the project is drawing questions from some nearby residents about land use, utilities and long-term impact on the rural community, without organised opposition reported in this coverage.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "beacon-golden-valley-ca",
    "name": "Golden Valley Technology Hub",
    "operator": "Beacon Data Centers (w/ California Resources Corp)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.36,
      "lon": -119.55,
      "city": "Elk Hills",
      "county": "Kern",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 275
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/canadas-beacon-dc-targets-275mw-data-center-campus-on-california-oil-field/",
        "label": "Canada's Beacon DC targets 275MW data center campus on California oil field",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.goldenvalleytechhub.com/",
        "label": "Golden Valley Technology Hub",
        "publisher": "goldenvalleytechhub.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bakersfield.com/news/crc-proposes-w-kern-data-center-with-dedicated-power-closed-loop-cooling/article_5f2d14f7-8f86-4478-958d-513b8f9de1da.html",
        "label": "CRC proposes W. Kern data center with dedicated power, closed-loop cooling",
        "publisher": "The Bakersfield Californian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.turnto23.com/news/in-your-neighborhood/taft-maricopa/massive-ai-data-center-proposed-for-kern-countys-elk-hills",
        "label": "Massive AI data center proposed for Kern County's Elk Hills",
        "publisher": "Turn to 23 (KERO-TV, Bakersfield)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/energy/a-solution-to-data-center-backlash-put-them-in-oil-fields/",
        "label": "A solution to data center backlash? Put them in oil fields.",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "400,000 sq ft on 100 acres, dedicated 275MW from CRC's own Elk Hills natural gas power plant, closed-loop cooling. Standalone campus on former oilfield, not a colo tenancy.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "landAcres": 100,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "California Resources Corp submitted roughly 150 resident signatures supporting the project with its own permit application; Grist reports at least five signatories are affiliated with the local oil industry. Taft resident Emmanuel Campos spoke favorably about the economic opportunity, after attending the company's community meetings. Earthjustice attorney Nina Robertson criticized the project's reliance on gas power and its air-quality impact on Kern County.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beacon-westline-dove-creek-san-angelo-tx",
    "name": "Westline Site / Dove Creek Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Beacon Data Centers (via Westline TX Holdings)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.335,
      "lon": -100.478,
      "city": "San Angelo (Tankersley area, unincorporated)",
      "county": "Tom Green",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-02",
        "note": "proposed per TCEQ Air Quality Permit No. 184380 application (Westline TX Holdings)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://conchoobserver.com/data-center-permits-detail-proposed-air-quality-footprint/",
        "label": "TCEQ Air Quality Permit No. 184380 application (Westline TX Holdings)",
        "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (reported via The Concho Observer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sanangelolive.com/news/county/2026-06-02/tom-green-county-commissioners-reject-data-center-moratorium",
        "label": "Tom Green County Commissioners Reject Data Center Moratorium",
        "publisher": "SanAngeloLIVE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.conchovalleyhomepage.com/news/local-news/concho-valley-data-centers/developer-sheds-light-on-dove-creek-data-center-as-commissioners-mull-options/",
        "label": "Developer sheds light on Dove Creek data center as commissioners mull options",
        "publisher": "ConchoValleyHomepage.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Anchored to TCEQ Air Quality Permit application #184380 filed by Westline TX Holdings (Beacon Data Centers). Site is ~1,240 buildable acres near the FM 2335 / US-67 South junction along Spring Creek, Precinct 4, Tom Green County. County commissioners rejected a proposed 12-month data-center moratorium 2026-06-02, citing litigation risk — an implicit but real signal the project is proceeding through the county's process. No MW capacity or investment figure disclosed in any source reviewed; left null per zero-fabrication rule. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the named road junction (Tankersley, TX), not a parcel centroid — recommend verifying against the TCEQ permit's exact site description if available. Single-source (Concho Observer reporting a TCEQ air-quality permit application); recorded reported-tier pending a second corroborating primary.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Concho Valley Electric Co-op Inc"
    },
    "landAcres": 1240,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A proposed 12-month data-center moratorium was rejected by county commissioners; local opposition documented."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beale-gardner-johnson-county-ks",
    "name": "Beale Infrastructure Gardner Campus",
    "operator": "Beale Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.81,
      "lon": -94.93,
      "city": "Gardner",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bealeinfra.com/gardner-kansas/",
        "label": "Gardner, Kansas project page",
        "publisher": "Beale Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2026-05-07/gardner-data-center-plan-withdrawn-by-company-after-resident-opposition",
        "label": "KCUR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Near 191st St & S Clare Rd. Up to 16 data halls. Distinct from Beale's existing tracked Project Pilot in De Soto, KS. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Evergy",
      "notes": "New private on-site substation plus a new Evergy substation. Part of a Feb 2026 Evergy 1.9GW electric service agreement batch alongside Google and Meta."
    },
    "landAcres": 300,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Beale Infrastructure withdrew its Gardner application on May 7, 2026, days after roughly 100 residents (30+ speaking against) packed a May 4 city council meeting and the city said no incentives would be granted.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "beale-project-atlas-coweta-ok",
    "name": "Project Atlas (Coweta) — withdrawn",
    "operator": "Beale Infrastructure",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9526,
      "lon": -95.6483,
      "city": "Coweta",
      "county": "Wagoner",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Community meetings held on a proposed campus north of the Arkansas River near Coweta.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-03-30",
        "note": "Beale Infrastructure withdrew the 270-acre rezoning application after resident opposition and NDA-disclosure concerns; the Coweta planning commission had voted 4-1 to deny.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://infrathesis.substack.com/p/oklahoma-is-walling-off-data-centers",
        "label": "Oklahoma Is Walling Off Data Centers — project-by-project timeline",
        "publisher": "Infra Thesis",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (lists Project Atlas, Coweta, as canceled)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Distinct Beale Infrastructure site from Project Clydesdale (Tulsa County) and Project Mustang (Claremore). Coordinates are a Coweta town-centroid approximation; the parcel was reported at 16192 State Hwy 51B.",
    "landAcres": 270,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beale-project-blue-pima-county-az",
    "name": "Project Blue",
    "operator": "Beale Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.1,
      "lon": -110.75,
      "county": "Pima",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Land clearing/grading began April 24, 2026, after county-level revival following the Tucson City Council's 2025 annexation rejection.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2025/10/01/pima-county-nda-confirms-amazon-is-behind-project-blue-data-center/",
        "label": "Pima County NDA confirms Amazon is behind Project Blue data center",
        "publisher": "AZ Luminaria",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kold.com/2026/04/25/construction-begins-first-hyper-scale-data-center-pima-county/",
        "label": "Construction begins on first hyper-scale data center in Pima County",
        "publisher": "KOLD News 13",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kjzz.org/fronteras-desk/2026-04-27/as-project-blue-data-center-construction-starts-near-tucson-protesters-rally-outside",
        "label": "As Project Blue data center construction starts near Tucson, protesters rally outside",
        "publisher": "KJZZ Fronteras Desk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/2192e865-fe7e-48f4-8a0c-7c1c8b5cd32c",
        "label": "Pima County Administrator memo to the Board of Supervisors, 'Update on Project Blue' (17 Sept 2025), with the Beale Infrastructure letter attached — 'we have selected an air cooling technology that uses a closed-loop system... Beale's air cooled design will consume no water, potable or otherwise, for industrial cooling.'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pima.gov/3552/Project-Blue-FAQ",
        "label": "Pima County official Project Blue FAQ, Economic Impact Study section — \"180 new full-time, permanent jobs created by the third year of operations in 2029.\"",
        "publisher": "Pima County, Arizona",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/construction-begins-on-project-blue-pima-countys-first-hyperscale-data-center/",
        "label": "Construction Begins on Project Blue, Pima County's First Hyperscale Data Center",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Unincorporated Pima County, west of Houghton Rd, near Tucson. 500-700MW planned across 13M sq ft (a range, so omitted from capacityMw). AWS confirmed as end-customer via an NDA obtained by AZ Luminaria. Distinct site from Beale Infrastructure's Fremont Peak Properties/Luckett Road project in the Town of Marana (also AZ, also tracked this session) - same developer family, different parcel. Coordinates are approximate. The 180 permanent jobs figure is a projection for the third year of operations in 2029, published by Pima County and by the developer. Beale's own letter of 2025-09-17 adds a qualifier the county FAQ omits: the figure \"include[s] full-time contractors and support personnel\", and at least 75 of the roles will be directly employed by the end user. Beale has also stated it \"is not asking for property tax incentives, often a necessary component of a data center project's cost competitiveness\", and the utility agreement with Tucson Electric Power carries no financial incentives or discounts — unusual for a project of this size, and the reason subsidies are recorded as absent rather than merely unsearched.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tucson Electric Power (TEP)",
      "notes": "Tucson Electric Power is reported as the serving utility for the campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Beale told Pima County it selected an air-cooling technology using a closed-loop system that continuously recirculates small amounts of water and consumes none for industrial cooling; the County Administrator restated this in the same memo, and it became a binding commitment on 2025-12-16. Water volume remains publicly contested — Beale has cited roughly 40 acre-feet/year while the ADWR permit ceiling is 96.5 acre-feet/year. The dispute concerns volume, construction conduct and process, not the cooling technology."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3600000000,
    "landAcres": 290,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 180,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Dozens of protesters organized as the No Desert Data Center Coalition rallied at the site as construction began in late April 2026, holding \"Not One Drop For Data\" signs and briefly attempting to block construction vehicles before Pima County sheriff's deputies moved them out of the roadway.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "beale-project-clydesdale-tulsa-county-ok",
    "name": "Project Clydesdale",
    "operator": "Beale Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.28,
      "lon": -95.83,
      "city": "Owasso",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Groundbreaking October 30, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/project-clydesdale-1-billion-data-center-in-tulsa-breaks-ground/",
        "label": "Project Clydesdale: $1 billion data center in Tulsa breaks ground",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Unincorporated Tulsa County near Owasso (Whirlpool Dr & E 76th St N, adjacent to Cherokee Industrial Park). Formerly known as 'Project Clydesbank.' 4 phases; electric service via PSO. End-tenant ('major data center operator' per a Quartz Mountain Properties LLC affiliate) unnamed. Coordinates are approximate. End-user unnamed.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 506,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "The Tulsa County Board of Commissioners granted final approval, including tax incentives, on 2025-09-30. Oklahoma Lt. Gov. Matt Pinnell, Tulsa County Commissioner Stan Sallee, and Owasso Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Margaret Coates are all quoted supporting the project. One later isolated public comment on the article itself (Kyle Wilson, 2026-07-02: project 'will ruin Owasso') registers dissent, but it is a single online comment, not testimony at a hearing or an organized campaign, and it postdates the county's own unanimous-style final approval.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "beale-project-mustang-claremore-ok",
    "name": "Project Mustang",
    "operator": "Beale Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.31,
      "lon": -95.62,
      "city": "Claremore",
      "county": "Rogers",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/beale-project-mustang",
        "label": "Beale Project Mustang",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/beale-infrastructure-in-talks-to-build-project-mustang-data-center-campus-outside-tulsa-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Beale Infrastructure in talks to build Project Mustang data center campus outside Tulsa, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Within Claremore Industrial Park. Distinct from Beale Infrastructure's tracked Owasso, OK site (Project Clydesdale, a different location).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beale-project-pilot-de-soto-ks",
    "name": "Beale Project Pilot (De Soto)",
    "operator": "Beale Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.966,
      "lon": -94.967,
      "city": "De Soto",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Evergy",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "De Soto City Council approves 290-acre, $3.1B campus at northwest corner of 103rd Street and Edgerton Road; adjacent to Panasonic EV plant",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Groundbreaking May 2026; first phase completion expected 2029 per developer and search-result synthesis; DCD source does not confirm a 2027 target",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://johnsoncountypost.com/2025/08/26/de-soto-advances-3-1-billion-data-center-project-near-panasonic-plant-267209/",
        "label": "De Soto advances $3.1B data center project near Panasonic plant",
        "publisher": "Johnson County Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/beale-targets-two-campuses-outside-kansas-city-kansas/",
        "label": "Beale targets two campuses outside Kansas City, Kansas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Developer (Mount Sunflower Properties LLC / Beale Infrastructure, backed by Blue Owl) has pre-leased the entire campus to an unnamed large technology company. Attorney described the tenant as among 'the strongest, most financially profitable companies in the world.' Four buildings of 285,000 sq ft each (1.14M sq ft total); full build-out in 7–9 years. Kansas's first announced hyperscale data center. Permanent job figure of 100 is sourced from Johnson County Post ('over 100 long-term jobs paying six figures'); DCD separately cited 50 operational jobs for the first phase only. Coordinates are De Soto city centroid; exact site is at NW corner of 103rd St and Edgerton Rd.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Evergy"
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Developer funding new industrial wastewater treatment facility; cooling water drawn from Kansas River; significant infrastructure upgrades borne by developer"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Kansas Senate Bill 98 — 20-year sales tax exemption on construction materials and equipment",
        "jurisdiction": "Kansas",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "De Soto Industrial Revenue Bonds — 10-year property tax abatement (PILOT payments) per building",
        "jurisdiction": "De Soto, KS",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3100000000,
    "landAcres": 290,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 500,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "De Soto City Council approved with little public opposition in August 2025; some residents and outside observers raised concern about water draw from the Kansas River and impacts on regional water supply",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "beaver-valley-power-station-beaver-county-pa",
    "name": "Beaver Valley Power Station",
    "operator": "Vistra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.62333,
      "lon": -80.43056,
      "city": "Shippingport",
      "county": "Beaver",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2012,
      "operational": 1872
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01-09",
        "note": "Vistra and Meta announced a 20-year PPA; unlike Davis-Besse/Perry, Meta's Beaver Valley allocation is uprate-only — a 140 MW share of a planned equipment uprate, with none of the plant's existing 1,872 MW contracted to Meta.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vistra-and-meta-announce-agreements-to-support-nuclear-plants-in-pjm-and-add-new-nuclear-generation-to-the-grid-302656941.html",
        "label": "Vistra and Meta Announce Agreements to Support Nuclear Plants in PJM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Vistra Corp.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/nuclear/vistra-and-meta-ink-ppa-for-2-6-gw-of-nuclear-power-in-pjm-region/",
        "label": "Vistra and Meta ink PPA for 2.6 GW of nuclear power in PJM region",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stocktitan.net/news/VST/vistra-and-meta-announce-agreements-to-support-nuclear-plants-in-pjm-zul6gbxgqjn9.html",
        "label": "Vistra, Meta sign 20-year deal for 2,609 MW nuclear power (reproduces SEC Form 8-K: 140 MW uprate from Beaver Valley)",
        "publisher": "StockTitan (SEC Form 8-K mirror)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_Valley_Power_Station",
        "label": "Beaver Valley Power Station (site coordinates)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "Two-unit PWR at Shippingport, PA, ~1,872 MW. Part of the Jan 2026 Vistra-Meta PPA package, but distinctively its Meta allocation is a 140 MW future-uprate share only — none of the existing output. Included to complete the three-plant deal; grid-delivered.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Two-unit ~1,872 MWe net PWR station (units commercial 1976 and 1987), delivering into the PJM grid. Of this, only a planned 140 MW uprate share is contracted to Meta; the existing output continues serving the broader grid."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Part of the Jan 2026 Vistra-Meta 20-year PPA package (2,609 MW total across three plants). IMPORTANT: Beaver Valley's Meta allocation is uprate-only — a 140 MW share of a fleet-wide uprate program (full delivery targeted ~2034), roughly 7% of the plant's ~1,872 MW capacity. None of its existing output is Meta-contracted; the 1,872 MW / 2,012 MW capacities are the whole plant, not Meta's slice. Grid-matched, so no poweredFacilityIds. Operated by Vistra since the 2024 Energy Harbor acquisition."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bell-works-holmdel-data-center-nj",
    "name": "Bell Works Data Center (101 Crawfords Corner Road)",
    "operator": "Somerset Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.3650934,
      "lon": -74.1674935,
      "city": "Holmdel",
      "county": "Monmouth",
      "street": "101 Crawfords Corner Road",
      "postalCode": "07733",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-24",
        "note": "Preliminary and final site plan application filed with the Holmdel planning board; deemed administratively complete before the township's data center ban was adopted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://patch.com/new-jersey/holmdel-hazlet/data-center-proposed-bell-works-see-details",
        "label": "'Data Center Proposed At Bell Works: See Details' — Holmdel/Hazlet Patch",
        "publisher": "Patch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tworivertimes.com/developer-filed-data-center-proposal-for-bell-works-before-holmdels-ban/",
        "label": "'Developer Filed Data Center Proposal for Bell Works Before Holmdel's Ban' — Two River Times",
        "publisher": "Two River Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Bell+Works+Holmdel&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=5",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building 'Bell Works', 101 Crawfords Corner Road, Holmdel Township NJ 07733, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "108,000 sq ft, 40 MW data center proposed in an existing two-story building off the ring road behind the main Bell Works building, under a 2012 redevelopment agreement that explicitly lists data centers as a permitted use. Coordinates are the mapped Bell Works main building; the proposed data center building sits elsewhere on the same campus, hence 'approximate'.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Patch reports the project will use a closed-loop cooling system; no consumption volume is published."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Holmdel introduced a data center ban on 21 July 2026 and adopted it 11 August 2026. The applicant filed on 24 July 2026 — after introduction, before adoption — and invokes New Jersey's time-of-application rule; the township attorney has publicly said the application could fail on its merits at the planning board. Review was expected to take several months.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beltline-luther-horizon-technology-park-ok",
    "name": "Luther Horizon Technology Park",
    "operator": "Beltline Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6612,
      "lon": -97.1961,
      "city": "Luther",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Described by the developer as in the community-input and regulatory-review process with the Town of Luther.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lutherhorizontechnologypark.com/",
        "label": "Luther Horizon Technology Park — official project site",
        "publisher": "Beltline Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/local-regional/2026-08-06/some-data-centers-are-building-their-own-power-plants-in-oklahoma-most-want-to-plug-into-the-grid",
        "label": "Some data centers are building their own power plants. In Oklahoma, most want to plug into the grid",
        "publisher": "StateImpact Oklahoma / Public Radio Tulsa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "A third Beltline Energy site in Oklahoma, distinct from the tracked OKC/Frisco Road and Piedmont proposals. Coordinates are a Luther town-centroid approximation; the parcel is near OG&E's Redbud Energy Facility.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oklahoma Gas & Electric (OG&E)",
      "notes": "Site sits adjacent to OG&E's Redbud Energy Facility with both 138 kV and 345 kV transmission lines on-site; developer states it will cover 100% of infrastructure improvements under long-term utility service arrangements overseen by state regulators."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Developer states the facility will not use private wells or local drinking water for cooling; it is evaluating treated wastewater plus air-cooled chillers or direct-to-chip liquid cooling to reduce freshwater consumption by up to 70%. Potable water limited to restrooms, fire protection, landscaping and office use."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 14000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 11100,
      "permanent": 420,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beltline-oklahoma-city-frisco-road-ok",
    "name": "Beltline Energy Oklahoma City Campus",
    "operator": "Beltline Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.49,
      "lon": -97.795,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "3025 N Frisco Road",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.okenergytoday.com/2026/01/data-center-wins-rezoning-approval-from-okc-planning-board/",
        "label": "Data center wins rezoning approval from OKC planning board",
        "publisher": "OK Energy Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investigatemidwest.org/2026/07/14/oklahoma-data-centers-water-use-loophole/",
        "label": "A loophole leaves Oklahoma data center water consumption largely untracked",
        "publisher": "Investigate Midwest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Two adjoining parcels rezoned via PUD cases likely numbered PUD-2105 (111.5 acres at 3025 N. Frisco Road, near I-40/Frisco Rd) and PUD-2124 (184 acres at 13921 NW 23rd Street, near NW 23rd/Frisco Rd, ~0.5 mi west of Yukon) — the case-number-to-address pairing is probable (inferred by matching geographic descriptors across sources) but not confirmed by a single primary document naming both together. OKC Planning Commission voted 7-0 to recommend approval Jan 21 2026; City Council final vote status is unconfirmed as of this writing (okc.gov council agendas were inaccessible during research) — treat as still-pending, not approved. Explicitly carved out of OKC's citywide data-center moratorium (~April 2026) as an already-pending application, confirming it remains active. Press coverage separately cites a larger '350-acre' and '480-acre' project total that doesn't reconcile with the confirmed 295.5-acre rezoned total (111.5+184) — the gap is plausibly an adjacent ~184.5-acre parcel Yukon Municipal Authority sold to BLE Landholdings LLC for $15.8M in Aug 2025 (near Hwy 66/Frisco Rd), which may be the same tract as the NW 23rd St parcel, but this is not confirmed. A $1B investment / 0.5GW capacity figure is associated with the broader Yukon-area BLE deal in local reporting but was not found tied specifically to this OKC rezoning by a primary source — omitted from capacityMw/investmentUsd pending confirmation rather than asserted.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 2.5,
      "notes": "Investigate Midwest reports the Yukon/Oklahoma City campus proposes to use up to 2.5 million gallons per day of wastewater (not potable supply). This is a proposed maximum from the development plan, not metered consumption."
    },
    "landAcres": 295.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "OKC Planning Commission recommended approval 7-0 (Jan 2026); carved out of the city's data-center moratorium as an already-pending application; council vote pending."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "beltline-piedmont-kingfisher-county-ok",
    "name": "Beltline Energy Piedmont Site",
    "operator": "Beltline Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.74394,
      "lon": -97.81183,
      "city": "Piedmont",
      "county": "Kingfisher",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://www.piedmont-ok.gov/323/Data-Center-Transparency-Portal",
        "label": "Data Center Transparency Portal",
        "publisher": "City of Piedmont, OK",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://okcfox.com/news/local/commission-urges-council-to-deny-cloverleaf-plan-beltline-energy-vote-delayed-for-review",
        "label": "Commission urges council to deny Cloverleaf plan; Beltline Energy vote delayed for review",
        "publisher": "OKCFOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "321-acre rezoning filed via BLE Holdings LLC / BLE Landholdings LLC, SW/4 of Section 26, Township 15N, Range 6W, Kingfisher County — legal descriptions and Kingfisher County parcel numbers 0000-26-15N-06W-3-000-00, -3-001-00, -3-002-00, -3-003-00 (plus an adjacent 5th parcel, -4-000-00) per the city's own PUD filing. Bounded by E 870 Rd (N), N 2920 Rd (E), Azalea St NW (S), N 2910 Rd (W). City vote delayed for further review as of source date. This is a distinct, separate, competing site from Cloverleaf's 630-acre 'Project Open Sky' proposal also in Piedmont (different parcels, different developer, different acreage) — despite sharing a host city, do not conflate the two (both independently confirmed as separate projects via direct source verification). No primary-sourced capacity or investment figure was found for this specific site — omitted rather than guessed.",
    "landAcres": 321,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents packed Piedmont's Planning Commission meeting over competing data-center proposals; the BLE Landholdings/Beltline vote was deferred (June 1, 2026) for further comprehensive-plan review, the same night a sibling proposal (Cloverleaf) was recommended for denial.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bentaus-chadbourn-miller-county-ar",
    "name": "Bentaus Texarkana AI Data Center (Chadbourne Ranch site)",
    "operator": "Bentaus",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4817907,
      "lon": -93.9640754,
      "county": "Miller",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-03",
        "note": "Bentaus announced a partnership with Chadbourn Infrastructure Partners LLC to build an AI data center in Texarkana, Arkansas supporting up to 200 MW and up to 3,000 acres of developable land.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-15",
        "note": "Public records reporting identified the site as 15 contiguous parcels totaling more than 2,700 acres owned by Fort Chadbourne Farm LLC; no county approval action had been reported and the developer did not respond to questions about project status.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.texarkanagazette.com/news/2026/aug/15/public-records-reveal-site-of-planned-ai-data/",
        "label": "Public records reveal site of planned AI data center north of Texarkana, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "Texarkana Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/aug/16/records-reveal-planned-data-center-site-in-miller/",
        "label": "Records reveal planned data center site in Miller County north of Texarkana",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thefan1079.com/news/local-news/200-megawatt-ai-data-center-planned-north-of-texarkana/",
        "label": "200-Megawatt AI Data Center Planned North of Texarkana",
        "publisher": "KCMC-AM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Mandeville%2C+Miller+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Mandeville, Miller County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Mandeville, the nearest named community inside the block of parcels described by the Texarkana Gazette - 'bordered on the west by U.S. 71, on the north by Arkansas 108 and on the south roughly by Interstate 49.' This is a nearest-community approximation only; no source gives coordinates or a street address, and the pin has NOT been confirmed to fall inside the assembled tract. Landowner and co-developer: Fort Chadbourne Farm LLC and Chadbourn Infrastructure Partners LLC, both with Michael 'Jacques' Davison of Bradley, Arkansas as sole corporate officer; a third entity, Chadbourn Energy Park LLC, was formed in February 2026. About 2,300 acres were marketed as Chadbourne Ranch and sold in October 2025 for $5.165 million. Confidence is 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' because the two newspaper accounts are from the same ownership group and the developer has not confirmed status; the 200 MW figure is the developer's own announcement, not a utility or permit record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Bentaus's February 2026 announcement describes support for 'up to 200 megawatts (MW) of power capacity'; the Texarkana Gazette reports 'an initial 48MW' secured through an Electric Service Agreement. The plans also call for 'access to pipeline-quality natural gas, allowing the facility to generate power on site as the project expands.' The electric service provider is not established: SWEPCO denied involvement and Southwest Arkansas Electric Cooperative declined to discuss the project, citing a possible nondisclosure agreement - so no utility is recorded here."
    },
    "landAcres": 2700,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bermuda-hundred-data-center-chesterfield-va",
    "name": "Bermuda Hundred Data Center (Old Bermuda Hundred Road)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (landowner: Washington Single Family Fund3)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.33798175,
      "lon": -77.39493747,
      "city": "Chester",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/chesterfield-county/proposed-data-center-appeal-denied-june-3-2026",
        "label": "Chesterfield Zoning Appeals Board denies appeal over proposed data center campus near I-95",
        "publisher": "WTVR CBS6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/06/04/zoning-appeals-board-rejects-challenge-to-permit-requirement-for-data-center-project-in-chester/",
        "label": "Zoning appeals board rejects challenge to permit requirement for data center project in Chester",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/chesterfield-county/new-chesterfield-data-center-on-pause-as-county-faces-lawsuits/",
        "label": "New Chesterfield data center on pause as county faces lawsuits",
        "publisher": "WRIC ABC 8News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.12onyourside.com/2026/06/03/chesterfield-board-upholds-denial-bermuda-district-data-center/",
        "label": "Chesterfield board upholds denial of Bermuda District data center",
        "publisher": "12 On Your Side / Gray Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opengisdata.chesterfield.gov/",
        "label": "Chesterfield County official Address Points GIS layer — 1931 Old Bermuda Hundred Rd, parcel GPIN 8046474181",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Proposed data center on ~89 acres at 1931 Old Bermuda Hundred Rd, Chester (Bermuda District), Chesterfield County. Land owned by Washington Single Family Fund3 (acquired 2023 for $462,000); the data-center developer is undisclosed. Under the pre-2026 I-2 zoning it was by-right; the 2026 ordinance made data centers conditional-use. The planning director found no vested right and the BZA unanimously upheld that denial 2026-06-03, so a CUP is now required. Recorded as proposed (not cancelled) with community=litigation.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "landAcres": 89,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Chesterfield's 2026 ordinance made data centers a conditional use; the planning director ruled the landowner lacked vested rights to build by-right, and the Board of Zoning Appeals unanimously upheld that denial on 2026-06-03. The project now requires a conditional-use permit; related litigation is pending."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bginusa-york-ne",
    "name": "BginUSA York Data Mining Complex",
    "operator": "BginUSA",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.885,
      "lon": -97.593,
      "city": "York",
      "county": "York",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2022-04",
        "note": "York City Council voted to sell city-held industrial land to BginUSA (purchase agreement considered 7 April 2022, zoning change and council approval expected 21 April 2022). Construction anticipated during 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkdevco.com/news-&-media/p/item/42244/york-selected-for-8-million-data-mining-venture",
        "label": "York Selected for $8 Million Data Mining Venture — BginUSA; north half of city-owned industrial lot near Nebraska Public Power District headquarters; ~30 computer servers plus an office; 5-8 jobs; construction anticipated in 2022",
        "publisher": "York County Development Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/crypto-needs-cheap-energy-it-found-a-whole-bunch-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "Crypto needs cheap energy. It found a whole bunch in Nebraska. — 'The York City Council decided in April to sell land to BginUSA, an Omaha company building an $8 million mining complex'",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Omaha-based BginUSA's $8 million crypto mining complex on the north half of a city-owned industrial development lot at the north end of York (York County), near a Nebraska Public Power District facility. Scope as described by the York County Development Corporation: roughly 30 units of computer servers plus an office, creating 5 to 8 jobs, with construction anticipated during 2022; York was chosen for NPPD's low electric rates and available energy capacity. jobs.permanent records the LOW end (5) of the stated 5-8 range. ⚠️ STATUS IS AS-OF-2023, NOT VERIFIED CURRENT: the most recent evidence found is the January 2023 Flatwater Free Press report describing the company as 'building' the complex. No source fetched this session confirms the site was completed or is operating, so status is 'permitted' rather than 'operational' — deliberately conservative. No megawatt figure is published anywhere I fetched; capacityMw is omitted rather than estimated from the server count. Coordinates are a north-York approximation, NOT a parcel geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD)",
      "notes": "Sited for NPPD's low electric rates and available capacity; no contracted load figure published."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 8000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 5,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "York Mayor Barry Redfern and the York Area Chamber of Commerce/Development Corporation's executive director Lisa Hurley are both quoted welcoming the project (2022-04-06); the city council prepared zoning changes proactively to accommodate data mining, and NPPD/development-corporation leadership worked collaboratively with the company. No opposition documented.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "big-allis-solar-clay-ne",
    "name": "Big Allis Solar",
    "operator": "Apex Clean Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.3603,
      "lon": -98.1602,
      "county": "Clay",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 305
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Nebraska DWEE lists the project as under development at 305 MW; Global Energy Monitor marks it shelved as of October 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Big_Allis_Solar",
        "label": "Big Allis Solar",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/solar-thermal-photovoltaic/solar-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Solar Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Up to 305 MW in southwestern Clay County, developed by Apex Clean Energy. Confidence is \"reported\" because the two sources disagree on liveness — GEM records the project as shelved as of October 2025 while the state's own inventory still carries it as under development. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: GEM's own approximate figure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "big-digital-energy-10netzero-hood-county-tx",
    "name": "Big Digital Energy–10NetZero Hood County AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Big Digital Energy, Inc. / 10NetZero, Inc. (50/50 joint venture)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.44194,
      "lon": -97.76472,
      "county": "Hood",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 311,
      "operational": 17
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-20",
        "note": "Site acquisition completed via 50/50 JV."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/07/20/3329715/0/en/Big-Digital-Energy-and-10NetZero-Complete-Acquisition-of-Hood-County-Texas-Site.html",
        "label": "Big Digital Energy and 10NetZero Complete Acquisition of Hood County, Texas Site",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1218683/000121390026075248/ea029690001ex99-2.htm",
        "label": "Big Digital Energy SEC exhibit re: Hood County / DFW-area site LOI",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Repurposing a power-ready ~50-acre industrial site (30,000+ sq ft of existing structures, 17 MW operational grid power, on-site gas pipelines) into an AI/HPC datacenter campus; acquisition completed 2026-07-20. AI datacenter build-out itself has not yet begun.",
    "landAcres": 50,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "big-elk-solar-washington-ne",
    "name": "Big Elk Solar",
    "operator": "Lightsource bp",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.475678,
      "lon": -96.29309,
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "In site selection and preliminary design, with stakeholder outreach and permitting underway; EIA lists regulatory approvals as pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightsourcebp.com/project/big-elk-solar/",
        "label": "Big Elk solar project in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Lightsource bp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M), July 2026 — Planned sheet, Nebraska rows",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the plant location published in EIA-860M. No compute offtaker is documented for this project; it is included as Nebraska generation in development, on the same basis as the untargeted wind and solar records already in the dataset, and a moderator may prefer to exclude it if the dataset's scope requires a named offtaker.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Lightsource bp states 121 MWdc; EIA-860M's July 2026 planned inventory lists 100 MW nameplate (AC) with a December 2027 planned operation date and status \"(L) Regulatory approvals pending. Not under construction.\" Both figures are recorded as published rather than reconciled."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 180800000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Privately funded; the developer says the project will deliver electricity into the local grid, power roughly 20,800 homes, and contribute about $13.2 million to the local tax base over its life. No offtaker has been published."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "big-horn-data-hub-hardin-mt",
    "name": "Big Horn Data Hub (Hardin Generating Station)",
    "operator": "Beowulf Electricity & Data",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.765054,
      "lon": -107.598778,
      "city": "Hardin",
      "county": "Big Horn",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2020",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/data-center-pulls-out-of-great-falls-group-says-others-charge-ahead/article_b0db80fc-ee47-4dae-ae21-fbebbe76dbcd.html",
        "label": "Data center pulls out of Great Falls, group says, others charge ahead (Beowulf/Hardin still not operating, Nov 2025)",
        "publisher": "Bozeman Daily Chronicle / Daily Montanan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ypradio.org/energy/2022-04-28/as-crypto-company-departs-hardin-whats-next-for-the-communities-it-leaves-behind",
        "label": "As crypto company departs Hardin, what's next for the communities it leaves behind?",
        "publisher": "Yellowstone Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Marathon_Digital_Hardin_Facility",
        "label": "Marathon Digital Hardin Facility",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ir.mara.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1282/marathon-digital-holdings-announces-intent-to-transition-hardin-montana-bitcoin-mining-operations-to-more-sustainable-power-sources",
        "label": "Marathon Digital Holdings Announces Intent to Transition Hardin, Montana Bitcoin Mining Operations",
        "publisher": "MARA Investor Relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://meic.org/is-northwestern-hoodwinking-customers-as-it-lures-data-centers-into-the-state/big-horn-data-hardin/",
        "label": "Big Horn Data Hardin",
        "publisher": "Montana Environmental Information Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Marathon Digital (in a joint venture with plant owner Beowulf Energy) ran a 20-acre, 30,000+ Antminer S19 bitcoin-mining data center (up to ~57MW) behind-the-meter at the coal-fired Hardin Generating Station (119MW) from 2020. Marathon announced its exit in April 2022 to pursue carbon-neutral sites, leaving its infrastructure in place 'so another miner can come in.' As of the most recent reporting found (Daily Montanan, Nov 2025), the Big Horn Data Hub is still 'not currently operating,' though Beowulf Electricity & Data has stated it intends to expand/redevelop the site and local officials have expressed support. No confirmed new bitcoin-mining tenant/operator was found as of this check -- logged as cancelled (former operation ended) per the tracker's no-decommissioned-status convention; capacity omitted since nothing is currently producing. Note: a data-center aggregator (baxtel.com) attributes this site to 'TeraWulf,' but TeraWulf's own SEC 10-K lists only its Lake Mariner (NY) facility and a since-divested Nautilus JV stake (PA) -- no Montana facility appears in TeraWulf's own filings, so that attribution is treated as an unverified aggregator error, not used here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "big-watt-digital-onida-sd",
    "name": "Big Watt Digital Sully Buttes Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Big Watt Digital",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.705,
      "lon": -100.3115,
      "city": "Onida",
      "county": "Sully",
      "state": "SD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300,
      "operational": 30
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.onidawatchman.com/news/article_ce136784-8c57-11ed-a366-7ba7e3d8d91d.html",
        "label": "Planning and zoning board gives the nod to Bitcoin facility",
        "publisher": "Onida Watchman",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/07/25/2710263/0/en/Big-Watt-Digital-Forms-Joint-Venture-with-Consensus-Technology-Group.html",
        "label": "Big Watt Digital Forms Joint Venture with Consensus Technology Group",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southdakotasearchlight.com/2026/01/30/sully-county-home-to-sds-largest-data-center-would-welcome-more-with-open-arms-official-says/",
        "label": "Sully County, home to SD's largest data center, would welcome more with 'open arms,' official says",
        "publisher": "South Dakota Searchlight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Pierre-based Big Watt Digital's Sully Buttes facility, ~12 mi west of Onida adjacent to Oahe Electric's Sully Buttes substation, Sully County. Sully County Planning & Zoning recommended approval 2022-12-28 (initial ~12.5MW draw, 24 liquid-cooled containerized units, projected 15-25 jobs and ~$325K/yr in kWh tax revenue to the Agar-Blunt-Onida school district); targeted March 2023 startup. Big Watt formed a July 2023 joint venture with Consensus Technology Group covering an initial 30MW of hosting capacity. As of January 2026 (South Dakota Searchlight), it is South Dakota's largest data center, with plans to scale to 300MW / ~100 FTE jobs plus ~300 construction jobs; the county's economic-development official described welcoming further expansion 'with open arms.' Company markets the site as '100% renewable energy' ('carbon-neutral Bitcoin mining'); exact generation mix (direct wind PPA vs. purchased renewable credits) not independently confirmed in sources read this pass. First tracked SD facility of any type in this dataset (SD previously zero).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "curtailed_renewable"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "binary-net-vault-lincoln-ne",
    "name": "Binary Net The Vault Data Center",
    "operator": "Binary Net",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.81209,
      "lon": -96.70226,
      "city": "Lincoln",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "street": "206 S 13th Street",
      "postalCode": "68508",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Operator markets colocation, suites and virtual servers at the Lincoln site; listed as an operating Lincoln facility in a public data-center map.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.binary.net/lincolndatacenters/",
        "label": "Binary Net — Lincoln Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Binary Net",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/nebraska/",
        "label": "Nebraska Data Center Map — Binary.net Lincoln",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Downtown Lincoln colocation and hosting provider built inside a former Federal Reserve Bank vault; the operator also references a \"Sharp Annex\" alongside \"The Vault\" without stating whether they are separate buildings. Binary Net acquired Lincoln Data Centers/LDI. No power, floor-area or capacity figure is published by the operator, so none is recorded. Coordinates are a geocode of the operator's stated address. Same class of facility as the already-tracked Omaha colocation records (Scott Data Center, 1623 Farnam, TierPoint, LightEdge, H5), and the first Lincoln colocation site in the dataset.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "bit-mining-viking-akron-summit-county-oh",
    "name": "BIT Mining / Viking Data Centers — Akron",
    "operator": "BIT Mining / Viking Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.050056,
      "lon": -81.473621,
      "city": "Akron",
      "county": "Summit",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150,
      "operational": 83
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/one-chinas-biggest-bitcoin-mining-110157142.html",
        "label": "One of China's biggest bitcoin mining companies now headquartered in Akron near Goodyear",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vikingdata.io/about-us",
        "label": "About Us",
        "publisher": "Viking Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bit-mining-increases-investment-in-ohio-cryptocurrency-mining-site-301402112.html",
        "label": "BIT Mining Increases Investment in Ohio Cryptocurrency Mining Site",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / BIT Mining",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/bit-mining-ohio",
        "label": "BIT Mining: Ohio Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "428 Seiberling Street, Akron — a former Goodyear tire / Maxion Wheels manufacturing plant (380,000 sq ft building; 430,556 sq ft / 40,000 sqm per Baxtel). Joint venture with Viking Data Centers, LLC; BIT Mining holds majority equity (51% initially per a 2021 SEC 6-K exhibit, increased via a June 2022 buyout giving BIT Mining exclusive operational access to 82.5MW, recorded here as 83MW). Total site design capacity across the JV is larger (up to 150MW: 85MW original + 65MW addition) but BIT Mining's own operating allocation is the 83MW recorded. Bitcoin/ASIC mining; historically also used for ethereum/dogecoin mining. No AI/HPC marketing found for this site.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-clarington-oh",
    "name": "Bitdeer Clarington HPC/AI Campus",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7748,
      "lon": -80.8731,
      "city": "Clarington",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 570
    },
    "poweredBy": "AEP Ohio",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Bitdeer signed a Letter of Agreement with AEP Ohio; full 570 MW targeted available by end of Q3 2026 (crypto→HPC/AI)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.bitdeer.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bitdeer-announces-november-2025-production-and-operations-update",
        "label": "Bitdeer announces November 2025 production and operations update",
        "publisher": "Bitdeer Technologies Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/10/14/3166667/0/en/Bitdeer-Announces-September-2025-Production-and-Operations-Update.html",
        "label": "Bitdeer announces September 2025 production and operations update",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / Bitdeer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/06/28/2905800/0/en/Bitdeer-Expands-Power-Capacity-Pipeline-to-2-5-GW-with-570-MW-Strategic-Partnership-with-Monroe-County-Port-Authority-in-Ohio.html",
        "label": "Bitdeer expands power pipeline with 570 MW Monroe County partnership",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / Bitdeer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001899123/000121390026012756/ea0275775-6k_bitdeer.htm",
        "label": "Bitdeer Form 6-K (American Heavy Plate Solutions leasehold litigation disclosure)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/03/16/3256231/0/en/Bitdeer-Announces-February-2026-Production-and-Operations-Update.html",
        "label": "Bitdeer Announces February 2026 Production and Operations Update",
        "publisher": "Bitdeer Technologies Group via GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Clarington, Monroe County; 570 MW via an AEP Ohio LOA, targeted available by end of Q3 2026. Bitdeer transitioning from bitcoin mining toward HPC/AI. Coordinates are the Clarington area centroid. No Clarington-specific capex, water, or jobs figures are disclosed; Bitdeer's 2026 mining capex guidance is company-wide and excludes AI/HPC. Some cooling/jobs figures in secondary coverage describe Bitdeer's separate Shalersville (Portage County) site, not Clarington.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "570 MW via a Letter of Agreement with AEP Ohio (May 2025); the utility confirmed the full 570 MW available by end of Q3 2026, ~1 year ahead of schedule. The site is the former Hannibal aluminum-processing plant at the Monroe County Port Authority's Hannibal Industrial Park. No on-site generation confirmed."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "American Heavy Plate Solutions LLC (a neighboring tenant leasing 9.9 of the 100-acre Hannibal Industrial Park) sued Bitdeer subsidiaries (Erie Creek LLC, Whitetail Creek LLC, Bitdeer Inc.) and the Monroe County Port Authority in the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County, OH (disclosed in Bitdeer's SEC Form 6-K, Feb 2 2026), seeking declaratory and injunctive relief over a restrictive covenant in AHP's 2018 lease; Bitdeer says it will 'vigorously defend' and that construction/power timing 'may be affected.'",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-knoxville-tn",
    "name": "Bitdeer Knoxville AI Datacenter (5101 S. National Drive)",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.941272,
      "lon": -83.836066,
      "city": "Knoxville",
      "county": "Knox",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 86
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-30",
        "note": "under construction per Bitdeer Technologies Group FY2025 Form 20-F, filed 2026-04-30",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1899123/000121390026049770/ea0282628-20f_bitdeer.htm",
        "label": "Bitdeer Technologies Group FY2025 Form 20-F, filed 2026-04-30",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR (Bitdeer Technologies Group, CIK 0001899123)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Existing Bitmain/Bitdeer Bitcoin mining site operational since May 2020 (property acquired 2018 via Commercial Purchase and Sale Agreement with Kemet Foil Manufacturing LLC, 9.88 acres / 77,678 sq ft industrial building). The 20-F discloses an active conversion to AI cloud use: Phase 1 (37MW) targeted Q4 2026, Phase 2 (49MW) targeted Q1 2027, against 86MW total electrical capacity in use as of 2026-03-31. Coordinates are an approximate parcel-area estimate for the South National Drive industrial corridor in Knox County (near APN 110-02627 per public tax-assessment/LoopNet listing) since no geocoder was available in-session to pin the exact parcel centroid — flagging for a follow-up precision pass if the site is approved. Crypto-mining site converting to AI (Bitdeer 20-F): Phase 1 37 MW targeted Q4 2026, Phase 2 49 MW Q1 2027; zero AI capacity live today (the existing 86 MW is legacy mining load being phased out). Status re-checked 2026-09-09: no change. Bitdeer's own filing still describes the Knoxville AI conversion as in design/build with a Q4 2026 target, so the record stays under_construction.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Knoxville Utilities Board"
    },
    "landAcres": 9.88,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-massillon-stark-county-oh",
    "name": "Bitdeer Massillon Facility",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.77069,
      "lon": -81.53947,
      "city": "Massillon",
      "county": "Stark",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 221,
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Bitdeer purchases a 31-acre parcel.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "First miners begin operating; a fire the same month damages 2 of the ~24-26 planned buildings (~26MW), with re-energization of those buildings targeted for end of September 2026. Remainder phased toward full 221MW through 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-09",
        "note": "Bitdeer's February 2026 production and operations update reports 100 MW currently online at the Massillon, Ohio site, with a further ~26 MW in two fire-damaged buildings to be rebuilt and energized by the end of September 2026 and the remaining 95 MW energizing in phases. The tracked status was under_construction as of 2025-11.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/crypto/articles/whats-inside-bitdeers-crypto-mining-100138846.html",
        "label": "What's it like inside Bitdeer's crypto mining operation in Massillon?",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/data-centers-already-stark-county-095426000.html",
        "label": "What data centers are already here in Stark County?",
        "publisher": "AOL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/bitdeer-massillon-oh",
        "label": "BitDeer: Massillon, OH Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sign.moveon.org/petitions/bitdeer-bitmine-nuisance-petition",
        "label": "Petition in Opposition to BitDeer Bitmine in Massillon",
        "publisher": "MoveOn",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://scgisa.starkcountyohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Auditor/StarkCountyParcels/MapServer/0/query?where=PIN%3D%2710018541%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Stark County parcel/GIS record (parcel 10018541)",
        "publisher": "Stark County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/03/16/3256231/0/en/Bitdeer-Announces-February-2026-Production-and-Operations-Update.html",
        "label": "Bitdeer Announces February 2026 Production and Operations Update",
        "publisher": "Bitdeer Technologies Group via GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "1115 Industrial Ave SW, Massillon, Stark County (an alternate address, 2527-2799 9th St SW, appears in one aggregator listing and may reflect the same multi-street parcel — not independently reconciled). 24-26 buildings (~40x110 ft each), 21,000+ ASIC mining machines, ~$22/hr starting wage, ~$82,000 average salary, no property tax abatement received. Explicitly distinct from Bitdeer's Whitetail Creek facility (1047 Belmont Ave, Niles/Weathersfield Township, Trumbull County — different city, county, and address, ~40 miles away) and from Bitdeer Clarington — Bitdeer's own coverage treats Massillon, Niles, and Clarington as three separate Ohio sites. Pure Bitcoin/ASIC mining with no AI/HPC framing in any source found (unlike Clarington and the proposed Shalersville site) — no aiClassification set. Coordinates are an approximate geocode; exact address should be reconciled against Stark County GIS/auditor parcel records in a future pass.",
    "investmentUsd": 100000000,
    "landAcres": 31,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 70
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Local opposition petition (\"BitDeer Bitmine in Massillon\" nuisance petition) circulated via MoveOn; a Massillon city council vote reportedly allowed the project to proceed, though the source for that vote could not be independently fetched/verified this session.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-rockdale-tx",
    "name": "Bitdeer Rockdale Facility",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.6549,
      "lon": -97.0025,
      "city": "Rockdale",
      "county": "Milam",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 170
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/austin/bitdeer-rockdale-texas/",
        "label": "Bitdeer Rockdale, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ir.bitdeer.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bitdeer-announces-september-2025-production-and-operations",
        "label": "Bitdeer Announces September 2025 Production and Operations Update",
        "publisher": "Bitdeer Technologies Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "Facility-specific hash rate is not disclosed; only Bitdeer's group-wide self-hosted hash rate (22.3 EH/s as of the Sept 2025 update) is public, so hashRateThPerS is left unknown rather than apportioned. The gem.wiki page for this site is titled 'BitDeer Douglas County facility' — confirmed as a naming/title error, not a different location; GEM's own page text places the facility near Rockdale, TX (Milam County), consistent with all other sources. Coordinates are Rockdale, TX city-center (not facility-exact).",
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "hydro"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-shalersville-portage-county-oh",
    "name": "Bitdeer Shalersville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.199,
      "lon": -81.245,
      "city": "Shalersville Township",
      "county": "Portage",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Bitdeer, via local developer Geis Development, proposes a ~257-acre, up-to-750MW campus (150MW phase 1, 15 buildings total) at Turnpike Commerce Center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Shalersville Township trustees sign a 6-month extension of the township's data-center moratorium (in effect since October 2024), blocking any project approval through early November 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/local-developer-global-tech-firm-plan-major-data-center-project-in-portage-county",
        "label": "Local developer, global tech firm plan major data center project in Portage County",
        "publisher": "News 5 Cleveland",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/oh-portage/data-center-discussion-spans-3-hours-as-shalersville-mulls-257-acre-project",
        "label": "Data center discussion spans 3+ hours as Shalersville mulls 257-acre project",
        "publisher": "News 5 Cleveland",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/bitdeer-looks-to-develop-750mw-data-center-campus-in-ohio/",
        "label": "Bitdeer looks to develop 750MW data center campus in Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theportager.com/asian-crypto-mining-company-and-geis-partner-to-bring-data-center-to-shalersville",
        "label": "Asian crypto mining company and Geis partner to bring data center to Shalersville",
        "publisher": "The Portager",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Turnpike Commerce Center, Shalersville Township, Portage County. Not yet approved — blocked by the township's active data-center moratorium (see community field). Distinct from Bitdeer's other tracked Ohio sites (Clarington, Whitetail Creek/Niles, and Massillon). Tax revenue projections ($2.17M annual increase at phase-1 completion) are Bitdeer's own company projections, not independently confirmed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Shalersville Township, not a confirmed parcel pin — no source gave exact site coordinates. Development partner: Geis Development.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "Coverage of the proposed 257-acre, up-to-750MW Turnpike Commerce Center campus (Bitdeer + Geis Development) confirms the site is attractive to Bitdeer for \"long-term power availability\" but no article reviewed (News5Cleveland town-hall coverage, The Portager, TheEnergyMag) discloses a specific interconnection MW figure."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 300000000,
    "landAcres": 257,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 400,
      "permanent": 200
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Standing-room-only town hall meetings; local opposition coverage from Kent Stater and The Portager. Shalersville Township has had a data-center moratorium in effect since October 2024, most recently extended through early November 2026 (signed April 7, 2026) to allow the township time to draft data-center-specific zoning regulations before any project can be permitted; trustees are separately considering making the moratorium permanent.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-wenatchee-pangborn-wa",
    "name": "Bitdeer Wenatchee (Pangborn) Data Center",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.413902,
      "lon": -120.209264,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 13
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1899123/000121390026049770/ea0282628-20f_bitdeer.htm",
        "label": "Bitdeer Technologies Group FY2025 Form 20-F (filed 2026-04-30) — Item 4.D Property: Pangborn, Washington datacenter, 13 MW, operational May 2018, being converted to AI cloud (GB300 cluster; permits submitted; crypto dismantling began March 2026; target Q4 2026)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/washington/wenatchee/bitdeer-wenatchee-washington/",
        "label": "Data Center Map — Bitdeer Wenatchee, Washington (13 MW)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/bitdeer-taps-contractor-to-begin-conversion-of-norwegian-crypto-mine-to-hpc/",
        "label": "DCD — Bitdeer crypto-to-AI conversion program (Washington among the sites being converted, GB300, Q4 2026)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Bitdeer's Washington datacenter, referred to as \"Pangborn, Washington\" in its SEC filings (Pangborn Memorial Airport is in Douglas County, East Wenatchee) and as \"Wenatchee, Washington\" by aggregators. Originally deployed for Bitcoin mining in May 2018; 13 MW electrical capacity in use as of March 31, 2026. Bitdeer is converting the site to AI cloud use: AI datacenter design documents and building-permit applications submitted, core equipment being delivered, planned to begin with an NVIDIA GB300 cluster; dismantling of the crypto mining datacenter began March 2026 with conversion completion targeted for Q4 2026. Classified data_center (mid-conversion to AI), consistent with the tracked Bitdeer Knoxville TN conversion. Coordinates approximate (Pangborn area, Douglas County). Distinct from Bitdeer's tracked Ohio (Massillon/Clarington/Niles/Shalersville), Texas (Rockdale) and Tennessee (Knoxville) sites. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked Bitdeer's own SEC 20-F annual report (2026-09-10); it mentions Wenatchee, WA only twice (as a mining-to-AI-datacenter conversion site, and as a single-supplier electricity contract location), with no discussion of community reception, hearings, or local reaction.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PUD No 1 of Douglas County"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bitdeer-whitetail-creek-trumbull-county-oh",
    "name": "Whitetail Creek Data Center",
    "operator": "Bitdeer",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.19,
      "lon": -80.77,
      "city": "Niles / Weathersfield Township",
      "county": "Trumbull",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/niles-news/niles-announces-decision-on-proposed-data-center-annexation/",
        "label": "Niles announces decision on proposed data center annexation",
        "publisher": "WKBN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/bitdeer-eyes-energization-for-weathersfield-project-in-2029/",
        "label": "Business Journal Daily — \"Bitdeer Eyes 'Energization' for Weathersfield Project in 2029\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/niles-news/ai-company-makes-case-for-data-center-in-niles-but-some-arent-so-sure/",
        "label": "WKBN — \"AI company Bitdeer makes case for data center in Niles, Ohio\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "1047 Belmont Ave, former Ohio Edison power plant site, straddling Weathersfield Township and Niles. Bitdeer's own business is described as 'cryptocurrency and AI cloud infrastructure.' Distinct from Bitdeer's existing tracked Clarington, OH facility. Coordinates are approximate. Operated via subsidiary Whitetail Creek LLC.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "Explicit grid interconnection agreement with FirstEnergy for 300 MW, sited on the former Ohio Edison/Niles Generating Station property (demolished 2013) specifically because it retains industrial zoning and an existing substation."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Niles City Council halted annexation talks April 20, 2026 after community backlash; no formal petition, zoning, or building-permit application was ever filed with the city. Weathersfield Township passed a 6-month moratorium.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "bitfarms-moses-lake-wa",
    "name": "Moses Lake Facility",
    "operator": "Bitfarms Ltd. (Keel Infrastructure Corp.)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.1301,
      "lon": -119.2781,
      "city": "Moses Lake",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021-11-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-11-11",
        "note": "Bitfarms acquires a 24 MW hydro-powered Bitcoin mining facility in Moses Lake, Grant County, WA, for $26M total ($23M cash + $3M in common shares).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-11-13",
        "note": "Bitfarms announces a binding, fully-funded turnkey agreement (~$128-129M, figure dual-sourced across filings) with Vertiv Group to convert the site to HPC/AI workloads (NVIDIA GB300 reference architecture, liquid cooling, target PUE 1.2-1.3), targeting completion December 2026. As of the FY2025 10-K, the site remains an active Bitcoin-mining operation -- conversion not yet complete.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "note": "Keel Infrastructure (formerly Bitfarms) completed decommissioning of Bitcoin mining at Moses Lake in April 2026 and, per its Q2 2026 results (published Aug 10, 2026), has begun receiving Vertiv modules and other long-lead HPC/AI construction equipment on site, with fiber contracts being finalized — the site is actively being retrofitted, not merely operating as before.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1812477/000121390021058326/ea150439ex99-1_bitfarms.htm",
        "label": "Bitfarms Acquires 24 Megawatts of Hydro Power in the U.S. (6-K Exhibit 99.1, Nov 11, 2021)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1812477/000121390025109575/ea026548201ex99-2_bitfarms.htm",
        "label": "Bitfarms Announces Plans for Conversion of Washington Site to HPC/AI Workloads (6-K Exhibit 99.2, Nov 13, 2025)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1812477/000121390026037514/ea0282809-10k_bitfarms.htm",
        "label": "Keel Infrastructure Corp. (fka Bitfarms Ltd.) FY2025 Form 10-K, filed 2026-03-31",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.crypto-reporter.com/newsfeed/keel-infrastructure-reports-second-quarter-2026-results-130053/",
        "label": "Keel Infrastructure Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (via Crypto Reporter)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "18 MW is the current operating capacity per the FY2025 10-K property table (down from the 24 MW nameplate acquired in 2021). Powered by Grant County PUD hydroelectric power. A binding, fully-funded HPC/AI conversion agreement with Vertiv Group is disclosed -- reported as $128M in the Nov 2025 press release and $129M in the FY2025 10-K (a genuine cross-filing discrepancy, both cited); target hardware is NVIDIA GB300 (up to 190kW/rack), liquid cooling, target PUE 1.2-1.3, targeting completion December 2026. No GPUs are installed/operating as of the most recent filing -- aiClassification is 'likely,' not 'confirmed.' A widely-repeated 6-acre/~60,000 sq ft site-size claim could not be confirmed in any SEC filing and is omitted. No exact street address disclosed. Grant PUD has imposed regional load-growth limits on data-center customers and approved a 10.6% rate increase (2026-01-27) for its crypto-mining rate schedule -- a supply-constraint risk factor, not site-specific opposition. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked Bitfarms' own SEC material-change report (dated 2021-11-11, filed with respect to the Moses Lake hydro-power facility acquisition, $26M/24MW); it covers only the transaction and expansion MOU, with no mention of community sentiment or local-government engagement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Grant County PUD"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "likely",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitfarms-panther-creek-nesquehoning-pa",
    "name": "Panther Creek Plant",
    "operator": "Bitfarms Ltd. (Keel Infrastructure Corp.)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8557,
      "lon": -75.828,
      "city": "Nesquehoning",
      "county": "Carbon",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 350,
      "operational": 60
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-03-14",
        "note": "Bitfarms Ltd. (now Keel Infrastructure Corp.) completes its merger with Stronghold Digital Mining, Inc., assuming ownership of the Panther Creek coal-refuse power plant, which co-locates Bitcoin mining with its own power generation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-05-11",
        "note": "Per the company's Q1 2026 results, the disclosed 350 MW HPC/AI data-center conversion (via a PPL Electric Utilities Electric Service Agreement) remains pre-construction: zoning secured, site development progressing toward lease signing; no groundbreaking or Notice to Proceed confirmed in any filing through this date.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1812477/000121390026037514/ea0282809-10k_bitfarms.htm",
        "label": "Keel Infrastructure Corp. (fka Bitfarms Ltd.) FY2025 Form 10-K, filed 2026-03-31",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1812477/000121390025097957/ea026090401ex99-1_bitfarms.htm",
        "label": "Bitfarms Converts Macquarie Debt Facility to $300M Project Financing (6-K Exhibit 99.1, Oct 10, 2025)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1812477/000121390026054167/ea028991401ex99-1.htm",
        "label": "Keel Infrastructure Corp. Q1 2026 results press release (May 11, 2026)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Currently an operating coal-refuse (culm) waste-to-energy power plant, a PURPA Qualifying Facility selling into PJM, that self-supplies electricity to co-located Bitcoin mining. 60 MW is the current owned/energized capacity (not 80 MW, which belongs to Bitfarms' separate Sharon, PA site). A 350 MW HPC/AI data-center conversion is disclosed and funded (phased: 50 MW by end-2026, 300 MW by end-2027, under a PPL Electric Utilities ESA), backed by a $300M Macquarie project-financing facility (drawn $100M, fully repaid Feb 2026) plus a share of the company's $588M Oct-2025 convertible notes -- but as of the most recent filing found (Q1 2026 results, May 2026) the project is still pre-lease/pre-construction: zoning secured, no groundbreaking or Notice to Proceed confirmed. Site totals nearly 320 acres of contiguous land, plus a pending agreement for ~200 additional adjacent acres not yet closed (omitted from landAcres pending close). No facility-specific investment or jobs total is disclosed. Operator renamed Bitfarms Ltd. -> Keel Infrastructure Corp. (NASDAQ/TSX: KEEL), same CIK 1812477, effective 2026-03-31/April 2026; acquired via merger with Stronghold Digital Mining, Inc. (closed 2025-03-14).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Coal-refuse (culm) waste-to-energy generation; PJM wholesale market; PPL Electric Utilities interconnection for the planned HPC/AI load."
    },
    "landAcres": 320,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "likely",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitfarms-scrubgrass-kennerdell-pa",
    "name": "Scrubgrass Generating Plant",
    "operator": "Bitfarms Ltd. (Keel Infrastructure Corp.)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2306,
      "lon": -79.8517,
      "city": "Kennerdell",
      "county": "Venango",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1300,
      "operational": 63
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-06-25",
        "note": "Scrubgrass Generating Plant's parent company (Stronghold Digital Mining, predecessor to the current operator) raises $105M to power Bitcoin mining at the coal-refuse plant.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-06-02",
        "note": "Local reporting describes conceptual (non-committed) load studies with FirstEnergy for 250/500/750 MW expansion scenarios (potential up to 1,363 MW) to support a future AI data-center campus; CEO Ben Gagnon: earliest additional power at that scale 'around 2028.' No permits, site plan, or construction confirmed -- planning stage only.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.exploreclarion.com/local/2021/06/25/scrubgrass-generating-plant-parent-company-raises-105m-to-power-bitcoin-mining-659916/",
        "label": "Scrubgrass Generating Plant Parent Company Raises $105M to Power Bitcoin Mining",
        "publisher": "exploreClarion.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.exploreclarion.com/local/2026/06/02/scrubgrass-could-become-areas-largest-ai-data-center-campus-866965/",
        "label": "Scrubgrass Could Become Area's Largest AI Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "exploreClarion.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Originally the Scrubgrass Generating Plant, a waste-coal (culm) power plant; currently an operating Bitcoin-mining plus waste-to-energy site. 63 MW is the currently accessible/confirmed capacity -- an unconfirmed 85 MW upper bound appears in some secondary sources and is omitted here. Conceptual FirstEnergy load studies (250/500/750 MW scenarios, potential up to 1,363 MW) and a possible 550+ MW behind-the-meter natural-gas build plus a Tennessee Gas Pipeline connection are under evaluation for a future AI/HPC campus, but remain pre-permit/pre-site-plan; CEO Ben Gagnon puts the earliest realistic timeline around 2028 -- aiClassification is intentionally left unset pending real evidence of a committed AI/HPC buildout. A March 2025 settlement (Scrubgrass Reclamation Company) requires coal-ash pile removal by September 2026. Operator is Bitfarms Ltd. (now Keel Infrastructure Corp., NASDAQ/TSX: KEEL, effective 2026-03-31/April 2026), which acquired Stronghold Digital Mining, Inc. (the site's prior owner) via merger closed 2025-03-14 -- not to be confused with the unrelated 'Stronghold Power Systems' entity elsewhere in this dataset (Coachella, CA). The SEC 10-K citation for this site could not be independently verified this session (sec.gov returned 403 to automated fetches); facts here rest on dated local reporting with named authors and quotes.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Waste-coal (culm) generation; conceptual behind-the-meter natural-gas expansion (550+ MW) under evaluation, not committed."
    },
    "landAcres": 650,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitfarms-sharon-pa",
    "name": "Bitfarms Sharon Facility (former Westinghouse plant)",
    "operator": "Bitfarms Ltd. (Keel Infrastructure Corp.)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2334,
      "lon": -80.497,
      "city": "Sharon",
      "county": "Mercer",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 110,
      "operational": 30
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-06-13",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investor.bitfarms.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bitfarms-announces-assumption-control-sharon-pa-site",
        "label": "Bitfarms Announces Assumption of Control of Sharon, PA Site",
        "publisher": "Bitfarms Ltd.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/13/3187170/0/en/Bitfarms-Reports-Third-Quarter-2025-Results.html",
        "label": "Bitfarms Reports Third Quarter 2025 Results (Sharon, PA purchase + HPC conversion)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (Bitfarms Ltd.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/zoning-board-of-sharon-pa-approves-planned-expansion-of-keel-infrastructures-existing-data-center-development/",
        "label": "Zoning board of Sharon, PA approves planned expansion of Keel Infrastructure's data center development",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Former Westinghouse Electric plant in Sharon, Mercer County, PA, leased from Vertua Ltd. - the SAME site Mawson Infrastructure exited in Feb 2024 (Mawson's cancelled Sharon lease is therefore NOT tracked separately; this record supersedes it under the current operator). Bitfarms assumed control June/Aug 2024, then purchased the site outright Nov 2025 ($32.3M + $128.7M committed). ~30 MW of Bitcoin mining online, being converted to HPC/AI (branded SharonAI / Keel Infrastructure Corp.) with an added 80 MW substation targeting 110 MW total by end-2026. aiClassification mixed_use reflects the mining-to-HPC transition. Operator label mirrors the tracked Bitfarms Panther Creek/Scrubgrass records.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitzero-nekoma-nd",
    "name": "Bitzero Nekoma Data Center (Stanley R. Mickelsen Safeguard Complex)",
    "operator": "Bitzero",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 48.5894194,
      "lon": -98.3567389,
      "city": "Nekoma",
      "county": "Cavalier",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300,
      "operational": 2.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-07-25",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.governor.nd.gov/news/burgum-bitzero-signs-agreement-acquire-nekoma-pyramid-develop-it-highly-secure-data-center",
        "label": "Burgum: Bitzero signs agreement to acquire Nekoma pyramid, develop it into highly secure data center",
        "publisher": "North Dakota Office of the Governor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bitzero-announces-expansion-of-global-data-center-network-delivering-clean-power-at-scale-for-the-next-era-of-high-performance-computing-302468827.html",
        "label": "Bitzero Announces Expansion of Global Data Center Network",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Bitzero)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bleedingheartland.com/2024/02/26/north-dakota-bitzero-project-raises-management-ownership-questions/",
        "label": "North Dakota Bitzero project raises management, ownership questions",
        "publisher": "Bleeding Heartland",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Bitzero acquired the Cold War-era Stanley R. Mickelsen Safeguard Complex ('the Pyramid') near Nekoma, Cavalier County, ND from the Cavalier County Job Development Authority (signed July 2022, closed Dec 2022) and is redeveloping the ~184-193 acre site into a data center, up to $500M planned. Bitzero's June 2025 press release states 2.5MW currently live, 30MW prepped, up to 300MW potential. A Feb 2024 Bleeding Heartland investigation flagged due-diligence concerns (2023 CEO resignation, foreign-ownership ties, unpaid CCJDA bills); site is real and multi-source confirmed, but self-reported operational MW is company-sourced, hence confidence=reported. ~90mi NW of Grand Forks in Cavalier County (built to defend Grand Forks AFB).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "unknown",
      "powerArrangement": "mixed"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bitzero-polson-lake-county-mt",
    "name": "Bitzero Polson Data Center (SKQ/Salish-Kootenai Dam)",
    "operator": "Bitzero",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.69,
      "lon": -114.12639,
      "city": "Polson",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tradeandindustrydev.com/region/montana/news/mt-bitcoin-mining-company-announces-plans-50-30698",
        "label": "MT: Bitcoin Mining Company Announces Plans for 50-Megawatt Data Center, New Jobs, in Polson, Mont.",
        "publisher": "Trade and Industry Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polson,_Montana",
        "label": "Polson, Montana",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "⚠️ STALE ANNOUNCEMENT, STATUS UNCONFIRMED: this record rests on a 2022-08-08 announcement. Whether the project ever advanced could not be established on 2026-09-10 — the one known follow-up report (valleyjournal.net, headline indicating the project remained \"in preliminary discussion\") was unreachable on repeated attempts by two independent clients (ECONNRESET, then no response at all), so this is an UNVERIFIED gap, not a documented negative. Treat `proposed` as the last publicly reported state, not as evidence of a live proposal. Site is on Flathead Indian Reservation land near Polson; no confirmed parcel address or MW/investment figure for THIS site specifically was found (a separate $500M Bitzero figure reported in the same era applies to the company's North Dakota operations, not Polson — not attributed here to avoid conflating the two). Coordinates are the Polson city center (Wikipedia infobox), not a confirmed site parcel — treat as representative only.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Energy Keepers, Inc. (CSKT)",
      "notes": "Proposed to draw hydropower from the Salish-Kootenai Dam (also called SKQ Dam, formerly Kerr Dam) on the Flathead River at the south end of Flathead Lake, operated by Energy Keepers Inc. on behalf of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. The dam's total capacity is 208 MW; the project would use roughly a quarter of that output."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "Announced 2022-08-08 at Montana's 'On the Rise' Economic Summit as a partnership among the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, investor Kevin O'Leary, and Bitzero CEO Akbar Shamji, with support from Gov. Greg Gianforte's office. A later headline surfaced in this run's search results ('Polson data center still in preliminary discussion,' Valley Journal) suggesting no progress beyond discussion, but the page could not be fetched to verify (repeated connection resets) — flagging, not confirming. No construction start, permit filing, or cancellation notice was found as of this check (2026-09-10); status should be treated as stale/unconfirmed rather than actively advancing."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "blackstone-data-services-bluestone-tazewell-va",
    "name": "Blackstone Data Services — Bluestone Business and Technology Park",
    "operator": "Blackstone Data Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.26,
      "lon": -81.33,
      "county": "Tazewell",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 12
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-10-31",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-02-16",
        "note": "WVVA reported the operation 'continues doing business' at the Bluestone park, though high electricity rates have held growth flat.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/blackstone-data-services-plans-10-12mw-cryptomine-data-center-in-tazewell-county-virginia",
        "label": "Blackstone Data Services Plans 10-12MW Cryptomine Data Center in Tazewell County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvva.com/2024/02/16/growth-local-cryptocurrency-mining-operation-hindered-by-electricity-rates/",
        "label": "Growth of local cryptocurrency mining operation hindered by electricity rates",
        "publisher": "WVVA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Hosting-model crypto-mining operation in a shell building in the Bluestone Business and Technology Park off Route 460, a few miles west of Bluefield in Tazewell County, Virginia (confirmed as Virginia, not West Virginia, by the WVVA dateline). The 10–12 MW figure is the announced power requirement; capacityMw.planned records the upper bound. The $18M is the announced ten-year investment commitment for this site, and the 5-job figure is the original 2022 projection, not a verified headcount.",
    "investmentUsd": 18000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 5,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "unknown",
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-digital-infrastructure-collin-county-tx",
    "name": "BlockchAIn Collin County AI GPU Hosting Site",
    "operator": "BlockchAIn Digital Infrastructure, Inc.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1972,
      "lon": -96.6398,
      "county": "Collin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/blockchain-collin-county-tx",
        "label": "BlockchAIn: Collin County, TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "AI GPU hosting site under construction, targeted Q3 2027 completion, within the DFW metro data center corridor.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-digital-infrastructure-reeves-county-tx",
    "name": "BlockchAIn Reeves County AI GPU Hosting Site",
    "operator": "BlockchAIn Digital Infrastructure, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.4229,
      "lon": -103.4933,
      "county": "Reeves",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/blockchain-reeves-county-tx",
        "label": "BlockchAIn: Reeves County, TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Future AI GPU hosting site in the planning stage, West Texas (ERCOT West Hub), targeted Q3 2028 completion.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-digital-infrastructure-wise-county-tx",
    "name": "BlockchAIn Wise County Data Mining Site",
    "operator": "BlockchAIn Digital Infrastructure, Inc.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2343,
      "lon": -97.5864,
      "county": "Wise",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/blockchain-wise-county-tx",
        "label": "BlockchAIn: Wise County, TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "20MW data mining site, currently in due diligence, targeted for Q4 2026 energization. BlockchAIn Digital Infrastructure (NYSE American: AIB) began trading after a March 2026 business combination with Signing Day Sports.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-power-bens-run-tyler-county-wv",
    "name": "Blockchain Power Corp. Ben's Run Bitcoin Mining Site",
    "operator": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4660475,
      "lon": -81.1071441,
      "city": "Bens Run",
      "county": "Tyler",
      "postalCode": "26146",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-28",
        "note": "Named as one of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin mines sited on abandoned coal properties in West Virginia.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salon.com/2025/12/28/data-centers-are-west-virginias-new-strip-mines/",
        "label": "Data centers are West Virginia's new strip mines — names the five Blockchain Power sites",
        "publisher": "Salon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockchain-power.com/",
        "label": "Blockchain Power Corp. — company site: five WV data processing sites \"constructed and energized\", 107 MW combined",
        "publisher": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Bens%20Run%2C%20Tyler%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Bens Run, Tyler County, WV",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "One of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin-mining data centers on abandoned coal sites in West Virginia. The operator's company-wide 107 MW figure is not attributed to this site. Coordinates are the Bens Run community centroid, not a surveyed footprint.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-power-blacksville-monongalia-county-wv",
    "name": "Blockchain Power Corp. Blacksville Bitcoin Mining Site",
    "operator": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7048,
      "lon": -80.1364,
      "city": "Blacksville",
      "county": "Monongalia",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dominionpost.com/2026/03/11/commission-approves-sizable-tax-exoneration-for-bitcoin-mining-site/",
        "label": "Commission approves sizable tax exoneration for Bitcoin mining site",
        "publisher": "The Dominion Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wboy.com/news/west-virginia/bitcoin-mining-data-centers-set-up-shop-in-abandoned-west-virginia-coal-mines/",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining data centers set up shop in abandoned West Virginia coal mines",
        "publisher": "WBOY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sited at the former Blacksville No. 2 coal mine (closure in 2021 cost 180 jobs, per the Dominion Post). One of five West Virginia Bitcoin-mining sites Blockchain Power Corp. has energized in its first two years (others at Hazelton, Ben's Run, Tunnelton, and Miracle Run in Preston/Tyler/Monongalia counties, not individually recorded here); the five sites combine for 107MW, individually 'driven by 10 megawatts to 100 megawatts of reliable power' per the Dominion Post, with Blacksville the newest and only hydrocooled site (the other four use air-cooling per WBOY). The Dominion Post's cited filing address (1251 Earl L Core Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505) reads as an administrative/mailing address rather than the mine-site parcel itself, so it was NOT used for this record's coordinates; coordinates instead approximate the Blacksville, Monongalia County community near the former mine. Monongalia County Commission approved the property-tax exoneration March 11, 2026 over the objection of Commission President Tom Bloom, who questioned fairness to local taxpayers under the special valuation (assessed at 5% of acquisition cost vs. the standard 60%). Company-wide (not site-specific) target is 200MW combined capacity by end of 2026 (blockchain-power.com, not separately cited here as a distinct fetch beyond company background).",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Site uses hydrocooling that 'recycles approximately 200,000 gallons of water pulled from the Monongahela River' per the Dominion Post (2026-03-11); classified closed_loop under this dataset's rule that a recirculating water circuit governs regardless of marketing language, since the source describes the water as recycled/recirculated rather than single-pass."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "WV High-Technology Business Property Valuation Act (WV Code 11-6J-3)",
        "amountUsd": 494461.08,
        "jurisdiction": "Monongalia County",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 45,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-power-hazelton-preston-county-wv",
    "name": "Blockchain Power Corp. Hazelton Bitcoin Mining Site",
    "operator": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6536928,
      "lon": -79.5305992,
      "city": "Hazelton",
      "county": "Preston",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-28",
        "note": "Named as one of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin mines sited on abandoned coal properties in West Virginia.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salon.com/2025/12/28/data-centers-are-west-virginias-new-strip-mines/",
        "label": "Data centers are West Virginia's new strip mines — names the five Blockchain Power sites",
        "publisher": "Salon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockchain-power.com/",
        "label": "Blockchain Power Corp. — company site: five WV data processing sites \"constructed and energized\", 107 MW combined",
        "publisher": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Hazelton%2C%20Preston%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Hazelton, Preston County, WV",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "One of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin-mining data centers on abandoned coal sites in West Virginia (Hazelton, Ben's Run, Tunnelton, Miracle Run, Blacksville). Salon quotes local reporting: \"dropping five bitcoin mines into abandoned coal sites at Hazelton, Ben's Run, Tunnelton, Miracle Run and Blacksville.\" The operator's own site says the five sites are \"constructed and energized\" and provide a combined 107 MW — that figure is COMPANY-WIDE and is deliberately not attributed to this site, so capacityMw is left unset. Coordinates are the Hazelton community centroid, not a surveyed footprint. Blockchain Power Corp. is headquartered at 255 Northpointe Drive, Bruceton Mills, WV.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-power-miracle-run-monongalia-county-wv",
    "name": "Blockchain Power Corp. Miracle Run Bitcoin Mining Site",
    "operator": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6773021,
      "lon": -80.267853,
      "city": "Miracle Run",
      "county": "Monongalia",
      "postalCode": "26590",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-28",
        "note": "Named as one of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin mines sited on abandoned coal properties in West Virginia.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salon.com/2025/12/28/data-centers-are-west-virginias-new-strip-mines/",
        "label": "Data centers are West Virginia's new strip mines — names the five Blockchain Power sites",
        "publisher": "Salon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockchain-power.com/",
        "label": "Blockchain Power Corp. — company site: five WV data processing sites \"constructed and energized\", 107 MW combined",
        "publisher": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Miracle%20Run%2C%20Monongalia%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Miracle Run, Monongalia County, WV",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "One of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin-mining data centers on abandoned coal sites in West Virginia. Distinct from the tracked Blacksville site (blockchain-power-blacksville-monongalia-county-wv), which is roughly 10 km west in the same county. The operator's company-wide 107 MW figure is not attributed to this site. Coordinates are the Miracle Run community centroid, not a surveyed footprint.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockchain-power-tunnelton-preston-county-wv",
    "name": "Blockchain Power Corp. Tunnelton Bitcoin Mining Site",
    "operator": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3917601,
      "lon": -79.748395,
      "city": "Tunnelton",
      "county": "Preston",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-28",
        "note": "Named as one of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin mines sited on abandoned coal properties in West Virginia.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salon.com/2025/12/28/data-centers-are-west-virginias-new-strip-mines/",
        "label": "Data centers are West Virginia's new strip mines — names the five Blockchain Power sites",
        "publisher": "Salon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockchain-power.com/",
        "label": "Blockchain Power Corp. — company site: five WV data processing sites \"constructed and energized\", 107 MW combined",
        "publisher": "Blockchain Power Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Tunnelton%2C%20Preston%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Tunnelton, Preston County, WV",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "One of five Blockchain Power Corp. bitcoin-mining data centers on abandoned coal sites in West Virginia. The operator's company-wide 107 MW figure is not attributed to this site. Coordinates are the Tunnelton town centroid, not a surveyed footprint.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockfusion-niagara-falls-ny",
    "name": "Blockfusion Niagara Falls Facility (North East Data)",
    "operator": "Blockfusion",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0962,
      "lon": -79.0377,
      "city": "Niagara Falls",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100,
      "operational": 46
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blockfusion-owner-operator-of-a-strategically-located-clean-energy-powered-data-center-to-go-public-via-business-combination-with-blue-acquisition-corp-302620260.html",
        "label": "Blockfusion to Go Public via Business Combination with Blue Acquisition Corp.",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (company release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.niagara-gazette.com/news/falls-planning-board-considers-recommending-operating-permit-for-frontier-avenue-bitcoin-mine/article_3614d579-696d-4175-95ac-875c7714886b.html",
        "label": "Falls Planning Board considers recommending operating permit for Frontier Avenue bitcoin mine",
        "publisher": "Niagara Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/city-of-niagara-falls-orders-blockfusion-facility-to-cease-and-desist-crypto-mining",
        "label": "City of Niagara Falls orders Blockfusion facility to cease and desist crypto mining",
        "publisher": "Cointelegraph",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Operated by subsidiary North East Data, LLC at a converted former coal-power-plant site on Frontier Avenue. Per the company's Nov 19, 2025 release (ahead of a ~$450M SPAC merger with Blue Acquisition Corp), 46MW is energized/operating with a path to 100MW+ Tier 3. A July 2026 report describes a non-binding LOI for up to 300MW of AI/HPC capacity at this same campus - an AI pivot layered on top of the operating bitcoin-mining load. NO fields, deliberately. (1) capacityMw is already populated on this record — flagging that the November 2025 merger release states 46 MW energized and over 100 MW planned, in case the stored value differs. (2) energy.source NOT filled: the release says only 'clean energy-powered' and 'converted a retired coal facility'. Niagara Falls hydro is the obvious inference but the fetched text never says hydroelectric, and the enum has no 'clean energy' member — filling 'hydro' here would be inference. (3) investmentUsd NOT filled: the only figures are a $450M pre-money equity value and ~$900M of FORWARD-LOOKING capex assumptions, neither of which is spend on this facility.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A 2021 transformer explosion and an Oct 2022 city cease-and-desist over zoning forced a shutdown; a 2025 zoning amendment plus Niagara Falls Planning Board site-plan approval let it resume."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockops-helena-west-helena-ar",
    "name": "BlockOps Helena-West Helena Bitcoin Mine (Dragon Woodland sawmill site)",
    "operator": "BlockOps",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.5484515,
      "lon": -90.6556409,
      "city": "Helena-West Helena",
      "county": "Phillips",
      "street": "129 N. Washington Street",
      "postalCode": "72390",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-03-06",
        "note": "The Helena-West Helena City Council approved BlockOps' plan to convert the former Dragon Woodland Sawmill site at 129 N. Washington Street into a bitcoin mine: $2 million in renovation, about $13.5 million total once hardware is installed, 2,900 miners (about half BlockOps-owned and half hosted for third parties), 8 MW from Entergy, and an estimated $105,000 a year in city sales tax. The property cost about $300,000. Completion was projected 'as soon as the end of May' 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "BlockOps' own site lists Helena-West Helena among its operating Arkansas sites as of 2026. No independent confirmation of an in-service date was located, so the operational date is recorded at year precision.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2025/mar/06/bitcoin-mining-operation-in-helena-west-helena/",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining operation in Helena-West Helena approved by city council",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thewynneprogress.com/helena-west-helena-approves-plan-for-2m-cryptocurrency-mine/",
        "label": "Helena-West Helena approves plan for $2M cryptocurrency mine",
        "publisher": "Wynne Progress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://citizenportal.ai/articles/6027997/Arkansas/Bitcoin-mining-firm-BlockOps-presents-plan-to-renovate-Helena-lumberyard-requests-city-approval",
        "label": "Bitcoin-mining firm BlockOps presents plan to renovate Helena lumberyard, requests city approval",
        "publisher": "Citizen Portal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockopsmining.com/bitcoin-mining-rural-arkansas/",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mining Rural Arkansas: How BlockOps Is Transforming Communities in 2026",
        "publisher": "BlockOps Mining",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=129+North+Washington+Street%2C+West+Helena%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: 129 North Washington Street, West Helena, Helena-West Helena, Phillips County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of the street address named in the council coverage. precision is 'approximate', not 'exact': an address point is not a parcel footprint, and Nominatim returned two candidate points for this address about 450 m apart (34.5484515/-90.6556409 and 34.5444220/-90.6555170); the first is used. Acreage is contested in the council transcript, where the presenter cited both '168 acres under contract' and '116 acres' for the parcel; 168 is used as the figure the newspaper reported. BlockOps' headquarters is given as Austin, Texas by the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette and as Fayetteville by KATV - not resolved here. Status 'operational' rests on the company's own 2026 page plus the council-approved May 2025 completion target; no independent in-service confirmation was found, hence confidence 'reported'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy",
      "notes": "Entergy told the company the city could allot 8 megawatts to the project, with a distribution-upgrade lead time of about 60 days; a roughly $500,000 substation investment was to be paid by the company. capacityMw.planned records that 8 MW allotment, which is an available-capacity figure from the utility rather than a measured operating load."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 13500000,
    "landAcres": 168,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 3,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockops-marion-ar",
    "name": "BlockOps Marion Bitcoin Mine (planned)",
    "operator": "BlockOps",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2129831,
      "lon": -90.19498,
      "city": "Marion",
      "county": "Crittenden",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03-06",
        "note": "In coverage of BlockOps' Helena-West Helena approval, the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reported the company had 'another planned for the Marion area' alongside its Russellville and rural Pope County operations. BlockOps' own site likewise lists Marion (Crittenden County) as planned.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2025/mar/06/bitcoin-mining-operation-in-helena-west-helena/",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining operation in Helena-West Helena approved by city council",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockopsmining.com/bitcoin-mining-rural-arkansas/",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mining Rural Arkansas: How BlockOps Is Transforming Communities in 2026",
        "publisher": "BlockOps Mining",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Marion%2C+Crittenden+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Marion, Crittenden County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Confidence is 'rumored', the weakest tier, and deliberately so: both sources say only that a site is planned 'for the Marion area', with no address, parcel, permit, council action, capacity or date. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap city point for Marion and are a placeholder at town level, not a site. This record should be re-checked against Crittenden County or City of Marion planning records before any figure is attached to it, and should be retired if no site materialised. Marion is in the same county as the tracked Google West Memphis campus but is a distinct place and a distinct operator.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "blockops-moreland-ar",
    "name": "BlockOps Moreland Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "BlockOps",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.3639428,
      "lon": -93.0013492,
      "city": "Moreland",
      "county": "Pope",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-03-10",
        "note": "KATV reported BlockOps, which already had a mine in Russellville, was establishing a site in Moreland directly across the street from Moreland First Baptist Church.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "BlockOps' own site and a 2025 city-council presentation both list Moreland among its operating Arkansas sites.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/two-cryptomines-unsettle-quiet-moreland-community-locals-appeal-for-act-851-repeal-first-baptist-church-rick-smith-green-digital-jones-digital-llc-new-rays-cryptomining-bitcoin-arkansas-pope-county-russellville-block-ops-connie-hollis-chinese-company",
        "label": "Two cryptomines unsettle quiet Moreland community, locals cry out for Act 851 repeal",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://citizenportal.ai/articles/6027997/Arkansas/Bitcoin-mining-firm-BlockOps-presents-plan-to-renovate-Helena-lumberyard-requests-city-approval",
        "label": "Bitcoin-mining firm BlockOps presents plan to renovate Helena lumberyard, requests city approval",
        "publisher": "Citizen Portal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockopsmining.com/bitcoin-mining-rural-arkansas/",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mining Rural Arkansas: How BlockOps Is Transforming Communities in 2026",
        "publisher": "BlockOps Mining",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Moreland+First+Baptist+Church%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Moreland First Baptist Church, Morgan Road, Pope County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Moreland First Baptist Church, the only landmark any source gives for this site ('directly across the street'); the pin is therefore the church, not the mine, and precision is approximate. This is a DIFFERENT site from moreland-holding-moreland-ar, which is a separate cryptomine in the same community under a different, reportedly Chinese-owned entity - KATV states plainly that two cryptomines were setting up in Moreland and distinguishes their distances from the church. The two records are deliberately given different pins so they are not conflated. No capacity, acreage or investment figure has been published for this site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "KATV reported that 'in the rural Pope County community of Moreland, not one but two cryptomines are setting up shop, much to the dismay of some locals,' and that 'Block Op's new site is even closer to Moreland First Baptist than Moreland Holding LLC's - directly across the street.' Church and community concerns centred on noise during Sunday services and on grid power draw; locals formed a committee protesting Act 851. Moreland has no planning commission or municipal government, so the sites faced little local oversight.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockops-russellville-ar",
    "name": "BlockOps Russellville Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "BlockOps",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2784173,
      "lon": -93.1337856,
      "city": "Russellville",
      "county": "Pope",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "KATV reported the Russellville site inside the city limits as 'already partially operational,' with the Russellville city planner saying Act 851 'really tied our hands' on local regulation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "BlockOps' own site and a 2025 city-council presentation both list Russellville among its operating Arkansas sites.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/arkansas-legislator-urges-special-session-to-review-controversial-crypto-mining-law-as-2-new-crypto-mines-set-up-shop-in-pope-county-matt-duffield-sarah-huckabee-sanders-act-851-right-to-mine-bill-russellville-city-planner-sara-johndahl-moreland-baptist",
        "label": "Arkansas legislator urges special session to review controversial crypto-mining law as 2 new crypto mines set up shop in Pope County",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://citizenportal.ai/articles/6027997/Arkansas/Bitcoin-mining-firm-BlockOps-presents-plan-to-renovate-Helena-lumberyard-requests-city-approval",
        "label": "Bitcoin-mining firm BlockOps presents plan to renovate Helena lumberyard, requests city approval",
        "publisher": "Citizen Portal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blockopsmining.com/bitcoin-mining-rural-arkansas/",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mining Rural Arkansas: How BlockOps Is Transforming Communities in 2026",
        "publisher": "BlockOps Mining",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2025/mar/06/bitcoin-mining-operation-in-helena-west-helena/",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining operation in Helena-West Helena approved by city council",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Russellville%2C+Pope+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Russellville, Pope County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap city point for Russellville. No source gives an address or road for the site beyond 'inside the Russellville city limits,' so this is a city-level approximation, NOT a site location. No capacity, acreage or investment figure has been published for this site and none is recorded. The KATV article's own publication date was not exposed in the fetched page; a companion KATV report on the same two Pope County mines is dated 2024-03-10, so the statusHistory date is recorded at 2024-03 month precision on that basis.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "blockware-solutions-belfry-pike-ky",
    "name": "Blockware Solutions Pike County Facility",
    "operator": "Blockware Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.667552,
      "lon": -82.345043,
      "city": "Belfry",
      "county": "Pike",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75,
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Blockware_Solutions_Pike_County_facility",
        "label": "Blockware Solutions Pike County facility",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blockware-solutions-unveils-flagship-kentucky-mining-location-301512583.html",
        "label": "Blockware Solutions Unveils Flagship Kentucky Mining Location",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Operational since late March 2022 (customers hosted from January 2022) at the site of a former coal washing and processing plant near Belfry -- described at launch as 'the first of three planned Kentucky sites' for the operator, tapping into underutilized local electricity infrastructure. Initial capacity was reported as 20MW, scaled to 30MW operating per Global Energy Monitor's tracking, with design capacity up to 75MW and a 2022-08 company statement floating a further scale-up to 100MW (that 100MW figure is a stated aspiration, not recorded as a capacity field here). Blockware separately purchased 5 acres at Industrial Park West (Paducah) via an agreement with Greater Paducah Economic Development for further regional expansion -- that is a distinct, less-developed lead not independently confirmed as a built or operating site this run, so no separate record was created for it. Coordinates as tracked by Global Energy Monitor's facility database.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "blockware-sunpark-boone-lincoln-county-wv",
    "name": "Blockware Solutions SunPark Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Blockware Solutions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.083,
      "lon": -81.983,
      "county": "Boone",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-05-25",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-05-25",
        "note": "Blockware Solutions announced a 150-MW development at SunPark with a 60-MW, 20-acre first phase and $10 million phase-one investment; construction was expected to commence in Q4 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/seva-announces-bitcoin-mining-partnership-to-help-advance-the-development-of-sunpark-301556092.html",
        "label": "SEVA Announces Bitcoin Mining Partnership to Help Advance the Development of SunPark",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / SEVA WV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wchstv.com/news/local/bitcoin-mining-leader-to-build-facility-as-extension-of-former-hobet-site-project",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining leader to build facility as extension of former Hobet site project",
        "publisher": "WCHS-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobet_Coal_Mine",
        "label": "Hobet Coal Mine — coordinates and Boone/Lincoln county straddle for the SunPark / Rock Creek redevelopment site",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "STALE ANNOUNCEMENT — status deliberately left at \"proposed\". The project was announced 2022-05-25 with construction expected in Q4 2022, and this session found no public source after 2022 confirming that construction started, that the facility energized, or that it was cancelled. investmentUsd records the $10 million phase-one figure and landAcres the 20-acre phase-one parcel, not a site total; capacityMw.planned is the announced 150 MW full build-out (phase one was 60 MW). SunPark is an extension of the Rock Creek Development on the former ~5,800-acre Hobet surface mine straddling Boone and Lincoln counties; coordinates are the Hobet mine point and the specific 20-acre parcel is not published. Counties: primarily recorded as Boone; the development spans Boone and Lincoln.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Announced as powered by West Virginia's PJM grid plus a planned on-site solar farm at SunPark; the 2022 releases describe a 3,000-acre solar field at the development."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000,
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "immersion",
      "powerArrangement": "mixed"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bloomberg-orangeburg-ny",
    "name": "Bloomberg LP Data Center",
    "operator": "Bloomberg LP",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.036652,
      "lon": -73.986828,
      "city": "Orangeburg",
      "county": "Rockland",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50,
      "operational": 4
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid-connected",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001603578/000153949714000486/n306_premktx1.htm",
        "label": "WFRBS Commercial Mortgage Trust 2014-C20 FWP (Bloomberg Orangeburg facility disclosure)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/investing/bloomberg-plans-710-million-data-center-in-n-y-suburb",
        "label": "Bloomberg Plans $710 Million Data Center in N.Y. Suburb",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rocklandtimes.com/2013/06/27/bloomberg-tops-off-new-datacenter/",
        "label": "Bloomberg Tops Off New Datacenter",
        "publisher": "Rockland County Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "155 Corporate Drive, Orangeburg, NY (Town of Orangetown, Rockland County). 131,805 sq ft total, two data halls totaling 39,058 sq ft with 42\" raised floor and 26' clear height, 4.0 MW power system, 1,200-ton cooling capacity — all per an authoritative SEC EDGAR CMBS filing (2014). Construction cost was $123.2M ($935/sq ft) per that same filing, with Bloomberg contributing $39.0M toward construction; recorded here as investmentUsd rather than the frequently-cited $710M figure, which represents total lease payments over a 15-year term (expiring March 2029), not construction capital — those are not comparable numbers and conflating them would overstate the capital investment. Dedicated single-tenant enterprise facility built to Bloomberg's spec for its financial data/analytics terminals (not shared colocation), built/topped-off 2013-2014. No expansions since 2014 were found in this research pass, but absence of news is not proof of none. Coordinates are a town-level geocode, not a confirmed parcel pin.",
    "investmentUsd": 123200000,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "blue-fern-cle-elum-data-center-wa",
    "name": "Blue Fern Cle Elum Data Center",
    "operator": "Blue Fern Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.18,
      "lon": -120.97,
      "city": "Cle Elum",
      "county": "Kittitas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-28",
        "note": "Blue Fern Development publicly proposed a 100,000 sq ft, 20 MW data center near Interstate 90 in Cle Elum.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/aug/05/cle-elum-passed-a-data-center-ban-one-might-be-bui/",
        "label": "Cle Elum passed a data center ban. One might be built there anyway",
        "publisher": "The Spokesman-Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Roughly 100,000 sq ft near Interstate 90, inside a residential and commercial development already under construction in Cle Elum. Developer projects 20 to 40 full-time positions. Because the site is covered by a pre-existing development agreement with the city, it may proceed despite the moratorium. Single-source; coordinates are an approximate geocode of the described location.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a closed-loop cooling system using about 80,000 gallons in the first year and significantly less thereafter because the water recirculates."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Cle Elum's city council voted unanimously to introduce a six-month data-center moratorium and scheduled a Sept. 8, 2026 public hearing plus an advisory committee to study power, water, wastewater, tax and jobs impacts; council members said the developer's claims needed verification.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "blue-ladder-wolcott-white-county-in",
    "name": "Wolcott Data Center",
    "operator": "Blue Ladder Development",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7581,
      "lon": -87.0281,
      "city": "Wolcott",
      "county": "White",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06-26",
        "note": "Rezoning approved; developer held a community open house on 2026-06-29 as the project moved forward in Mid-America Commerce Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wolcottdatacenter.com/",
        "label": "Wolcott Data Center — project site",
        "publisher": "Blue Ladder Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/white-county-data-center-plans-183828000.html",
        "label": "White County data center plans move forward with community open house",
        "publisher": "InkFreeNews via AOL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Campus south of U.S. Highway 24 next to N 1100 W in Mid-America Commerce Park: four data center buildings of 327,612 sq ft each, plus a 50,000 sq ft office, a 100,000 sq ft warehouse and two substations. The developer states it seeks no incentives, abatements or subsidies and pays for its own electric infrastructure; full build-out is projected for 2029.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a closed-loop, dry-cooled design with no water used for cooling and no wells on the property; water use is limited to employee needs."
    },
    "landAcres": 322,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Wolcott residents Bart and Amy Snyder sued the commissioners, the White County Redevelopment Commission and the property owners in August 2025 seeking to overturn the rezoning of just over 184 acres near U.S. 24 and County Road 1100 West, alleging a missing notarized authorization letter and site plan; a summary judgment hearing was set for July 27.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bluebird-quad-cities-bettendorf-ia",
    "name": "Bluebird Quad Cities Data Center",
    "operator": "Bluebird Network",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5245,
      "lon": -90.5157,
      "city": "Bettendorf",
      "county": "Scott",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bluebirdfiber.com/quad-cities-data-center/",
        "label": "Quad Cities Data Center — operator facility page (SOC 2 Type II, 3 utility feeds, 3 generators, dual UPS, >60% green energy)",
        "publisher": "Bluebird Network",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwqc.com/2026/03/06/more-than-house-less-than-grocery-store-how-much-electricity-qca-data-centers-uses/",
        "label": "More than a house, less than a grocery store: how much electricity QCA data centers use (names the Bluebird Quad Cities Data Center in Bettendorf as an existing facility)",
        "publisher": "KWQC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/meta-behind-plans-for-latest-iowa-data-center/article_ddf57b2e-9b35-50b7-8af7-1370978063fa.html",
        "label": "Meta behind plans for latest Iowa data center — 'Iowa has at least 26 data centers, including the Blue Bird Quad Cities Data Center in Bettendorf'",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-focused colocation data center in Bettendorf, acquired by Bluebird Network from ColoHub. Bluebird's own page describes three diverse utility feeds, three backup generators with 12,000-gallon diesel tanks, a dual UPS system, SOC 2 Type II certification, over 60 percent green energy, and biometric access control with 24/7 monitoring. Total square footage and MW capacity are quoted inconsistently across third-party directories (4 MW and 6 MW both appear, alongside 53,000 and 57,000 sq ft) and are NOT recorded here, because no fetched page states them. One of the small number of existing Quad Cities data centers, alongside the proposed Meta Davenport campus.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "blusky-ai-delta-millard-county-ut",
    "name": "BluSky AI Delta Data Center",
    "operator": "BluSky AI Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3502,
      "lon": -112.5766,
      "city": "Delta",
      "county": "Millard",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-29",
        "note": "BluSky AI signed a non-binding Letter of Intent with Creekstone Energy LLC to acquire 25 acres with up to 50MW of capacity within the Delta Gigasite development; transaction expected to finalize Q4 2025 with groundbreaking projected late 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/07/29/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/blusky-ai-inc-signs-letter-of-intent-to-acquire-25-acres-with-up-to-50-mw-of-capacity-in-strategic-expansion/2158223",
        "label": "BluSky AI Inc. Signs Letter of Intent to Acquire 25 Acres with up to 50 MW of Capacity in Strategic Expansion",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (via Manila Times)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utahbusiness.com/industry/2025/11/05/data-center-creekstone-energy-joule-capital-partners-millard-county-fillmore/",
        "label": "Millard County commissioner on data-center incentives — Creekstone Energy / BluSky AI Delta Gigasite named",
        "publisher": "Utah Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://delta.utah.gov/bc",
        "label": "Boards and Commissions — Delta City (no Community Reinvestment Agency or Redevelopment Agency listed)",
        "publisher": "Delta City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "A specific 25-acre BluSky AI parcel and building within Creekstone Energy's already-tracked Delta Gigasite campus (creekstone-delta-ut) — tracked separately because it is a distinct operator/tenant with its own land agreement, consistent with how this tracker distinguishes co-located operators elsewhere. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Millard County Commissioner Bill Wright is on the record (Utah Business, Nov 2025) extending the county's standing \"no special treatment\" statement to name Creekstone Energy's Delta Gigasite — where BluSky AI holds a 50 MW agreement — specifically: \"the county did not give either development any special treatment or incentives to bring the historic data centers to the area.\" Delta City's own Boards and Commissions page lists no Community Reinvestment Agency or Redevelopment Agency among its active public bodies. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "landAcres": 25,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "blusky-ai-milford-ut",
    "name": "BluSky AI Milford Campus",
    "operator": "BluSky AI Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.3936,
      "lon": -113.0111,
      "city": "Milford",
      "county": "Beaver",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 9.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06-30",
        "note": "BluSky AI executed a Ground Lease with Option to Purchase for the site with Wild Mustang Ventures LLC and a Power Assignment Agreement with Digital Asset Management, LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/07/08/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/blusky-ai-inc-secures-first-site-with-93mw-to-launch-flagship-data-center-in-central-utah/2145520",
        "label": "BluSky AI Inc. Secures First Site with 9.3MW to Launch Flagship Data Center in Central, Utah",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (via Manila Times)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1416090/000109690625001096/imii-20250626.htm",
        "label": "BluSky AI Inc. Form 8-K (filed July 7, 2025) — Milford, Beaver County power and ground-lease terms",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1416090/000109690625001096/bsai_ex10z2.htm",
        "label": "Ground Lease with Option to Purchase — BluSky AI Inc. and Wild Mustang Ventures, LLC (June 30, 2025), Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.milfordcityutah.com/government/boards-commissions",
        "label": "Boards & Commissions — Milford City (no Redevelopment Agency or Community Reinvestment Agency listed)",
        "publisher": "Milford City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "BluSky AI's first secured modular 'SkyMod' site, distinct from its Nephi (Juab County) and Delta (Millard County) sites already/also tracked; 51.6 acres leased from Wild Mustang Ventures LLC. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. BluSky AI's own SEC-filed Form 8-K and the underlying Ground Lease with Option to Purchase (Wild Mustang Ventures, LLC, June 30, 2025) were read directly and contain no property-tax, abatement, tax-increment-financing, or PILOT provisions. Neither Milford City (four active public bodies, none a CRA/RDA) nor Beaver County has a Community Reinvestment Agency or Redevelopment Agency; Milford City's own \"Economic Development\" link points off-site to a county tourism page, not an incentive program. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "grid-interconnected power assigned via Digital Asset Management, LLC",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 9.3
    },
    "landAcres": 51.6,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "blusky-ai-nephi-ut",
    "name": "BluSky AI Nephi SkyMod Site",
    "operator": "BluSky AI Inc.",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.71023,
      "lon": -111.83632,
      "city": "Nephi",
      "county": "Juab",
      "street": "1358 N 200 W, Nephi, UT",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://natlawreview.com/press-releases/blusky-ai-inc-signs-letter-intent-lease-strategic-site-nephi-utah-modular-ai",
        "label": "BluSky AI Inc. Signs Letter of Intent to Lease Strategic Site in Nephi, Utah for Modular AI Infrastructure Expansion",
        "publisher": "National Law Review (company press release, September 2025)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nephi.utah.gov/690/CRA-Fund",
        "label": "Nephi City — Community Reinvestment Agency fund",
        "publisher": "Nephi City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1416090/000149315225014760/ex99-1.htm",
        "label": "BluSky AI Inc. Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1 — Letter of Intent for Nephi, UT Site",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy found. Nephi City's Community Reinvestment Agency fund is tied to a hotel project area rather than this site, and no CRA participation agreement naming this project was located. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing. Recorded as no-evidence-found rather than a fully closed absence: the Nephi project-area budget PDF did not return readable text on retrieval.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "4 MW at full activation. The company release notes Nephi 'recently completed a project to increase the town's energy capacity from 29 megawatts to 85 megawatts', which is the municipal utility's headroom, NOT this facility's capacity. Modular deployment using the company's SkyMod data center modules on a pad of approximately 100 x 150 feet."
    },
    "landAcres": 0.375,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "blusky-ai-walsenburg-co",
    "name": "BluSky AI Walsenburg (Indian Pool Ranch) Modular Data Center",
    "operator": "BluSky AI Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6235234,
      "lon": -104.780995,
      "city": "Walsenburg",
      "county": "Huerfano",
      "street": "1 Hwy 69 / Indian Pool Ranch",
      "postalCode": "81089",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 15
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-02",
        "note": "Purchase and sale agreement executed 2025-08-26 for a 36.06-acre parcel; announced as the company's fifth 'AI factory' site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/blusky-ai-inc-executes-purchase-141700082.html",
        "label": "BluSky AI Inc. Executes Purchase and Sale Agreement for its Fifth AI Factory Location",
        "publisher": "BluSky AI Inc. (news release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gazette.com/2026/03/28/ai-data-center-plans-baffle-small-southern-colorado-town/",
        "label": "AI data center plans baffle small southern Colorado town (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Colorado Springs Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "BluSky AI Inc. (OTCID: BSAI), Salt Lake City, announced a purchase and sale agreement dated 2025-08-26 for LOT 1 INDIAN POOL RANCH, 36.06 acres north of Walsenburg, for up to 15 MW of modular 'SkyMod' compute. As of the Gazette's reporting in early 2026 the sale had not closed and the site remained under agreement with owner Snowy River Ranches. Coordinates are the Walsenburg town centroid (approximate); the parcel is north of town.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Company describes direct access to regional energy infrastructure and adjacency to transmission corridors; no utility service agreement is described in the sources."
    },
    "landAcres": 36,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Walsenburg's mayor and town administrator said they were unaware of the plan when contacted in early 2026. Mayor Gary Vezzani said he could not see the city council supplying municipal utilities to the facility and doubted it would replace the jobs lost with the town's shuttered correctional facility or safeguard the town's water rights.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "bny-mellon-tennessee-processing-center-nashville-tn",
    "name": "BNY Mellon Tennessee Processing Center (Nashville)",
    "operator": "BNY Mellon",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2156443,
      "lon": -86.7840012,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "street": "436 Woodfolk Avenue",
      "postalCode": "37207",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2011-06",
        "note": "BNY Mellon announced a three-story, 155,000 sq ft processing facility in Davidson County alongside a doubling of its Two Rivers Corporate Centre offices; the Tennessee Processing Center is one of three such facilities the firm operates in the U.S.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bny-mellons-continued-global-growth-prompts-expansion-of-tennessee-facilities-123740554.html",
        "label": "BNY Mellon's Continued Global Growth Prompts Expansion of Tennessee Facilities",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / BNY Mellon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/776316726",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 776316726 — 'Tennessee Processing Center LLC', telecom=data_center",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Enterprise (non-colocation) processing centre off Brick Church Pike in North Nashville, mapped in OSM under the operating entity name 'Tennessee Processing Center LLC'. Distinct from RadiusDC Nashville I, which is also on Brick Church Pike but roughly 0.8 km north at 2902/2906 (36.2237, -86.7824) — the two were checked against each other before this record was created.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bobcat-energy-center-ia",
    "name": "Bobcat Energy Center",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0494,
      "lon": -92.908,
      "city": "Marshalltown",
      "county": "Marshall",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 720
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-12-16",
        "note": "Iowa Utilities Commission unanimously approved the Certificate of Public Convenience, Use and Necessity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "note": "Iowa DNR approved the air permits, completing the required approvals.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2025/12/121625-bobcat-energy-center-approved",
        "label": "720-MW Bobcat Energy Center unanimously approved",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/08/11/alliant-energy-receives-final-permits-bobcat-energy-center/",
        "label": "Alliant Energy receives final permits for Bobcat Energy Center",
        "publisher": "KCRG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/natural-gas/bobcat",
        "label": "Bobcat Energy Center project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "720 MW gas peaker in Marshalltown, fully permitted. The Iowa Utilities Commission unanimously approved Alliant's Certificate of Public Convenience, Use and Necessity on 2025-12-16, and the Iowa DNR approved the air permits in early August 2026. Construction anticipated to begin in Q3 2026 with an operational date of 2029. Status is 'permitted' rather than 'under_construction' because no source fetched this session confirms construction has actually started.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 360,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "The proposal drew endorsements through the regulatory process from the Marshall County Board of Supervisors, the Marshalltown Chamber of Commerce, Central Iowa Building and Construction Trades, the Iowa Federation of Labor and other organisations. No organised opposition was reported in the cited coverage — a notable contrast with Alliant's Morgan Valley proposal in Linn County.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Natural gas-fired combustion turbine designed as a flexible peaking resource — Alliant says it can reach full load in less than 15 minutes. Built adjacent to, and intended to complement, Alliant's existing 650 MW Marshalltown Generating Station, sharing the site's advantages. No offtaker is recorded: neither Alliant's release nor the permit coverage names data centers as the driver."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "boomtown-lawton-ok",
    "name": "Boomtown Lawton Data Center — cancelled",
    "operator": "Boomtown",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.6086,
      "lon": -98.3903,
      "city": "Lawton",
      "county": "Comanche",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Project listed as canceled in December 2025 after the developer walked away from a long-term lease on state school-trust land east of Lawton.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nathanhammer.substack.com/p/a-2026-guide-to-the-oklahoma-data",
        "label": "A 2026 Guide to the Oklahoma Data Center Boom (Boomtown, Lawton — canceled December 2025)",
        "publisher": "Nathan Hammer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Thinly sourced: only one page naming this project could be fetched this session (Oklahoma Watch and its syndication partners returned 403/429). The lessee's full legal name, parcel acreage and the Commissioners of the Land Office vote were visible only in search summaries and are deliberately NOT asserted here. Confidence 'rumored' pending a fetched primary source.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "boxminer-la-pine-or",
    "name": "Boxminer La Pine Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Boxminer (Hidden Pines LLC)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.6745541,
      "lon": -121.4913298,
      "city": "La Pine",
      "county": "Deschutes",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05-27",
        "note": "La Pine City Council voted unanimously to reject the proposed 20 MW facility in the La Pine Industrial Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/05/28/la-pine-rejects-data-center-central-oregon/",
        "label": "A small Central Oregon town shoots down data center development",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bendsource.com/news/localnews/la-pine-rejects-proposed-data-center-amid-public-outcry/",
        "label": "La Pine Rejects Proposed Data Center Amid Public Outcry",
        "publisher": "The Source Weekly (Bend)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bendbulletin.com/2026/05/14/la-pine-residents-pack-meeting-to-oppose-proposed-data-center/",
        "label": "La Pine residents pack meeting to oppose proposed data center",
        "publisher": "The Bulletin (Bend)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Proposed bitcoin-mining facility on roughly 19.5-20 acres of the 330-acre La Pine Industrial Park east of U.S. Highway 97. Boxminer is operated by Hidden Pines LLC of San Diego. Job estimates were contested — the developer cited up to 80, then about 50, while the city manager's analysis suggested about 5 — so no jobs figure is recorded here. Coordinates are a street-level approximation near Reed Road; the exact parcel is not published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Midstate Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "The proposal's own figures implied a draw of roughly 15 times the City of La Pine's total electricity use."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Described by the developer as air-cooled rather than water-cooled, using a closed-loop system in which the air, water or glycol recirculates."
    },
    "landAcres": 19.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Roughly five hours of public comment preceded a unanimous La Pine City Council vote against the project on 27 May 2026; residents cited power draw, noise, light and the small-town character of the city. Residents subsequently began gathering signatures for a November 2026 ballot measure to regulate noise and lighting at any future data center.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "brady-island-wind-lincoln-ne",
    "name": "Brady Island Wind",
    "operator": "RWE Clean Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0220411,
      "lon": -100.3657985,
      "city": "Brady",
      "county": "Lincoln",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 231
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "RWE lists the project as \"in development\", slated to begin operations in 2030; Nebraska DWEE lists it as under development with a 2030 target.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://americas.rwe.com/our-energy/onshore-wind/onshore-wind-projects-and-locations/brady-island-wind/",
        "label": "Brady Island Wind",
        "publisher": "RWE Clean Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "231 MW across a roughly 35,000-acre project area in Lincoln County, ~300 construction jobs plus 4–6 permanent operations positions, and $24 million in total tax revenue over the project's lifetime (RWE's figures). Proposed in a county that spent 2026 writing ten pages of data-center zoning regulation and rejecting a data-center moratorium. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: the pin is the village of Brady (OpenStreetMap/Nominatim); RWE notes most turbines would sit in the hills north of the Platte River, so the true centroid is north of this point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "landAcres": 35000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "breaker-street-data-center-jessup-lackawanna-pa",
    "name": "Breaker Street Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Breaker Street Associates LLC (Catalyst Commercial Development)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4712,
      "lon": -75.5588,
      "city": "Jessup",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "street": "Breaker Street",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-02",
        "note": "Zoning appeal denied in a written decision; the switchyard/substation fell in residentially zoned land north of Breaker Street and did not qualify as a public utility facility or accessory use. Developer may appeal to county court.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/jessup-denies-breaker-street-data-010400301.html",
        "label": "Jessup denies Breaker Street data centers",
        "publisher": "The Times-Tribune (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/pennsylvania",
        "label": "Data Centers in Pennsylvania — Project List & Locations (Breaker Street, 600 MW)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Six structures totalling nearly 1.1 million sq ft, each up to 130 feet tall, on 131 acres on the south side of Breaker Street between Hill Street and the Casey Highway. The developer, a West Conshohocken firm, has separately proposed a 487,000 sq ft data center near Sunnyside Road and Alberigi Drive in Jessup — a different parcel, not recorded here. Distinct from the tracked Triboro Industrial Park record (different developer and parcel in the same borough).",
    "landAcres": 131,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Jessup's zoning hearing board unanimously rejected the developer's appeal; the borough has since adopted an ordinance restricting data centers.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "brennan-barrington-hills-il",
    "name": "Brennan Barrington Hills Data Center",
    "operator": "Brennan Investment Group",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1049652,
      "lon": -88.2408645,
      "city": "Barrington Hills",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Brennan Investment Group withdrew the proposal on 28 January 2026, cancelling a 2 February plan commission presentation 'based on initial feedback'.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/northwest-herald/news/2026/01/29/2-billion-data-center-proposal-in-barrington-hills-withdrawn/",
        "label": "$2 billion data center proposal in Barrington Hills withdrawn",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Northwest Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Proposed on land south of Penny Road and west of Pond Gate Drive in Barrington Hills. Acreage, building count and power capacity were never disclosed. The $2 billion figure is the investment stated for this site, not a company-wide total. Coordinates are the mapped Penny Road corridor and are approximate; the county is omitted because Barrington Hills spans four counties and the source does not identify which one contains the parcel.",
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A Change.org petition gathered 1,303 signatures citing air pollution, water quality and tax concerns; the village said the matter was closed with no further discussion anticipated.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bridgeport-data-center-campus-coweta-ga",
    "name": "Bridgeport Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Undisclosed developer (Bridgeport Industrial Park)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2868748,
      "lon": -84.7679526,
      "city": "Moreland",
      "county": "Coweta",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Development of Regional Impact forms submitted; the Three Rivers Regional Commission determined a DRI review was required. The underlying industrial park was approved in 2015 for manufacturing, research, warehousing and office use; the new filing adds data centers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/news/bridgeport-project-revived-with-proposed-data-centers/article_9b7ed33e-fa67-4f36-bd7b-dad42711a39b.html",
        "label": "Bridgeport project revived with proposed data centers",
        "publisher": "Newnan Times-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/data_center/where-cowetas-five-proposed-data-centers-stand/article_55ee204a-0e00-43e4-9ad1-78c92b679d06.html",
        "label": "Where Coweta's five proposed data centers stand",
        "publisher": "Newnan Times-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Six data center buildings with substations proposed on 1,063.9 acres along U.S. 27/29 near Interstate 85, spanning unincorporated Coweta County and Moreland. The applicant is represented by Steven Jones of the McKagen Jones Law Firm; the original 2015 industrial-park developer was listed as P&L Bridgeport 1 and P&L Bridgeport 2, and current control of the data center proposal is not publicly stated, so no operator is asserted. The reported campus valuation is a $3-5 billion range and is therefore not recorded as a single investment figure. Coordinates are approximate to Moreland.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.5,
      "notes": "The application states about 500,000 gallons of water per day and about 100,000 gallons of wastewater per day."
    },
    "landAcres": 1063.9,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "brightnight-red-butte-newcastle-ut",
    "name": "Red Butte Energy and Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "BrightNight",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6949,
      "lon": -113.943,
      "city": "Newcastle",
      "county": "Iron",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-22",
        "note": "Application submitted May 4, 2026 and deemed incomplete May 22, 2026; on hold under Iron County's 180-day data center moratorium.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://brightnightpower.com/red-butte/",
        "label": "Red Butte Energy and Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "BrightNight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ironcountyut.gov/planning/data-center-projects",
        "label": "Proposed Data Center Information — Iron County",
        "publisher": "Iron County, Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/ai-campus-proposed-in-iron-county-could-bring-500-jobs-on-site-power-generation-public/article_bcfedf59-aa3f-4ff8-92c0-438f38266f72.html",
        "label": "AI campus proposed in Iron County could bring 500 jobs, on-site power generation",
        "publisher": "St. George News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Approximately 8 miles north of Newcastle, roughly 20 miles from Cedar City; application on hold pending the county's data-center moratorium. Subsidies checked (2026-09-08): structural zero — the project is proposed and on hold under Iron County's moratorium, and no Iron County or Newcastle CRA/RDA was found to execute a pre-approval participation agreement; Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Planned hybrid power: 300MW solar, 1,200MWh battery storage, and 1.5GW natural gas generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "\"expected to rely primarily on air-cooled and closed-loop cooling systems designed to reduce water consumption.\" Recorded as closed_loop per the methodology tie-breaker: air-cooled chillers over a recirculating circuit are closed_loop; `air` is reserved for designs with no cooling water circuit at all."
    },
    "landAcres": 2600,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "bristolville-25-lordstown-oh",
    "name": "Bristolville 25",
    "operator": "Bristolville 25 Developer LLC / BHGH Properties",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.18,
      "lon": -80.87,
      "city": "Lordstown",
      "county": "Trumbull",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "133 acres of industrial land near the former GM plant; village enacted a data-center ban, developer petitioned the Ohio Supreme Court (writ of mandamus); moratorium extension hearing pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/lordstown-news/data-center-developer-taking-lordstown-to-court/",
        "label": "Data center developer taking Lordstown to court",
        "publisher": "WKBN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/developers-petition-ohio-supreme-court-in-lordstown-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Developers petition Ohio Supreme Court in Lordstown data center project",
        "publisher": "Business Journal Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "133 acres of industrial land near the former GM plant in Lordstown/Bristolville. The village enacted a data-center ban; the developer petitioned the Ohio Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus. Distinct from the already-tracked Stargate-Lordstown facility (different site/operator).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Ohio Edison (FirstEnergy)"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3600000000,
    "landAcres": 133,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Lordstown Village Council voted 6-0 (Nov 3) to ban future data centers effective Dec 3; the developer (Bristolville 25 Developer LLC / BHGH Properties, whose Oct 20 site-plan submission predated the ban) petitioned the Ohio Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus to compel the village to process its application.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "broken-bow-wind-custer-ne",
    "name": "Broken Bow Wind Energy Center (Phases I and II)",
    "operator": "Nebraska Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5075,
      "lon": -99.6109,
      "city": "Broken Bow",
      "county": "Custer",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 152.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012-12",
        "note": "Phase I online December 2012; Phase II followed in October 2014 (Nebraska DWEE).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Broken_Bow_wind_farm",
        "label": "Broken Bow wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Two phases in Custer County. Nebraska DWEE: Broken Bow I 77.6 MW (Dec 2012, NPPD/OPPD/Lincoln Electric System/Grand Island) and Broken Bow II 75 MW (Oct 2014, NPPD/OPPD) — 152.6 MW combined, the figure recorded here. Global Energy Monitor puts phase 1 at 80 MW (41.5075/-99.6109) and phase 2 at 75 MW (41.5184/-99.5533), 155 MW combined. Coordinates are phase 1's, hence approximate for the pair.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "brookfield-nextera-paducah-site-mccracken-ky",
    "name": "Paducah Site AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Brookfield",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.11389,
      "lon": -88.81028,
      "city": "Kevil",
      "county": "McCracken",
      "street": "5501 Hobbs Road",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1800
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site NextEra generation: 2 GW natural gas plus 2.6 GW battery storage (tracked as nextera-paducah-generation-mccracken-ky)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-partnership-expand-reliable-affordable-energy-access-and-power",
        "label": "Energy Department Announces Partnership to Expand Reliable, Affordable Energy Access and Power America's AI Future in Western Kentucky",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/07/29/ai-data-center-coming-western-kentucky/",
        "label": "AI data center coming to Western Kentucky",
        "publisher": "WBKO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0404794",
        "label": "Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (USDOE) | Superfund Site Profile",
        "publisher": "U.S. EPA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/doe-site-in-western-kentucky-revitalized-with-data-center-campus-and-dedicated-energy-project-creating-jobs-and-protecting-residents-and-businesses-from-costs-302837752.html",
        "label": "DOE Site in Western Kentucky Revitalized with Data Center Campus and Dedicated Energy Project",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Brookfield / NextEra Energy / Big Rivers Electric / Jackson Purchase Energy / Paducah Power System)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.project.nexteraenergyresources.com/paducah-american-energy-hub",
        "label": "Paducah American Energy Hub — project site (1.8 GW utility load, 4.6 GW dedicated generation, 2032)",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Announced 2026-07-29 on part of DOE's former Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (a Superfund site). Brookfield develops/operates the AI/HPC campus; NextEra builds dedicated adjacent generation (see linked power_generation record nextera-paducah-generation-mccracken-ky). First components could come online as soon as 2028; construction expected complete 2031. Investment reported as 'more than $100 billion' — recorded as $100,000,000,000.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Big Rivers Electric Power Corporation / Jackson Purchase Energy Cooperative / Paducah Power System",
      "notes": "Paired with dedicated NextEra Energy generation (2 GW new grid-connected natural gas-fired generation plus up to 2.6 GW battery energy storage) built adjacent to the site; campus supports 'up to 1.8 GW of utility-delivered capacity' by 2032. Power service agreements require Kentucky Public Service Commission approval; follows a Request for Offers issued November 2025."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "DOE and the project partners state the campus is designed to use less water than the former Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant did. No cooling method has been published."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 100000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 8000,
      "permanent": 600,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No community reaction reporting found as of 2026-09-10; project was announced 2026-07-29 by the Paducah American Energy Hub coalition on part of the DOE's former Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant site.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "btc-digital-manila-ar",
    "name": "BTC Digital Manila Bitcoin Mining and Hosting Facility",
    "operator": "BTC Digital Ltd.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.8789624,
      "lon": -90.1663646,
      "city": "Manila",
      "county": "Mississippi",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-07-03",
        "note": "BTC Digital Ltd. (Nasdaq: BTCT) announced a strategic acquisition of an Arkansas-based mining facility for $1.99 million, stating the acquired company came with a '6MV long-term stable power load' and that 'With the completion of this acquisition, BTC Digital will hold 100% ownership of the acquired company.' The release does not name the city.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-09",
        "note": "BTC Digital announced a bitcoin mining equipment hosting services agreement with Tianci Group Holding Limited, stating it 'will provide hosting and management services for the customer's Bitcoin mining equipment through its hosting facility located in Manila, Arkansas,' supplying rack space, power access, cooling and ventilation, internet connectivity, physical security and on-site technical support.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/btc-digital-signs-mining-equipment-hosting-services-agreement-with-tianci-group-holding-limited-302873315.html",
        "label": "BTC Digital Signs Mining Equipment Hosting Services Agreement with Tianci Group Holding Limited",
        "publisher": "BTC Digital Ltd. (PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1796514/000121390024059091/ea020897101ex99-1_btcdigital.htm",
        "label": "BTC Digital Ltd. Announces Strategic Acquisition of Arkansas-Based Mining Facility (EX-99.1, filed with the SEC)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission / BTC Digital Ltd.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/BTCT/btc-digital-signs-mining-equipment-hosting-services-agreement-with-oqj93rdy8i65.html",
        "label": "Machines that mine Bitcoin are set for an Arkansas facility. BTC Digital will host them.",
        "publisher": "StockTitan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Manila%2C+Mississippi+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Manila, Mississippi County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "capacityMw is deliberately OMITTED. The July 2024 SEC-filed release states a '6MV long-term stable power load' - 'MV' is not a unit of power and is most likely a typo for MW, but the figure is recorded here verbatim rather than silently corrected into a capacity field. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Manila; no address is published, so this is a town-level approximation. NOTE the two press releases are not linked to each other by any source: the 2024 acquisition release says 'Arkansas' without naming a city, and the 2026 hosting release names Manila without referencing the acquisition. Treating them as the same site is an inference from the company having one disclosed Arkansas facility, and the investmentUsd figure inherits that inference - re-check before relying on it. Mississippi County, Arkansas is entirely distinct from the state of Mississippi.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1990000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "buckley-bros-pawhuska-ok",
    "name": "Pawhuska AI Data Center",
    "operator": "Buckley Bros Holdings LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.6698,
      "lon": -96.3364,
      "city": "Pawhuska",
      "county": "Osage",
      "street": "1901 E. Boundary",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 10
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Proposed conversion of a 200,000 sq ft vacant building (former carpet mill, later a cannabis cultivation facility) into an 8-10 MW AI data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (Pawhuska AI Data Center, Buckley Bros Holdings, 1901 E. Boundary, 8-10 MW)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Reported at 8-10 MW; the planned figure recorded here is the upper end of that reported range. Coordinates are a Pawhuska town-centroid approximation, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "bull-church-data-center-caroline-va",
    "name": "Bull Church Data Center",
    "operator": "NRD Retail, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.00820612043225,
      "lon": -77.49262214339025,
      "city": "Ruther Glen",
      "county": "Caroline",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03-27",
        "note": "proposed per Caroline County rezoning case RZ-04-2024, Bull Church Data Center",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://co.caroline.va.us/1036/Special-Exceptions-and-Rezonings",
        "label": "Caroline County rezoning case RZ-04-2024, Bull Church Data Center",
        "publisher": "Caroline County, VA Department of Planning and Community Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2024/05/12/zombie-data-center-project-still-has-life-in-caroline-county/",
        "label": "'Zombie' data center project still has life in Caroline County",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Case referenced in local press as a long-pending 'zombie' rezoning (originally filed 2024, still active through March 2025 BOS agenda). No anchor tenant/operator beyond the landowner applicant is publicly named — speculative land rezoning, not yet an operator-committed campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 87.53,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "burt-county-solar-tekamah-ne",
    "name": "Burt County Solar",
    "operator": "Sandhills Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7778,
      "lon": -96.2214,
      "city": "Tekamah",
      "county": "Burt",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "OPPD announced agreements tied to the project; in-service expected within 2029.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppd.com/news-resources/news-releases/2026/may/oppd-signs-deals-tied-to-two-renewable-energy-projects/",
        "label": "OPPD signs deals tied to two renewable energy projects",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Omaha Public Power District",
      "notes": "250 MW solar project east of Tekamah developed by Sandhills Energy. \"Burt County Solar is expected to be in service within 2029, generating enough electricity to power 50,000 homes,\" and is \"expected to generate more than $20 million in local tax revenue over its operational lifetime.\""
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "burt-county-wind-burt-ne",
    "name": "Burt County Wind",
    "operator": "RWE Clean Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.886,
      "lon": -96.345,
      "city": "Oakland",
      "county": "Burt",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Pre-construction; regulatory approvals pending per EIA-860M.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M), July 2026 — Planned sheet, Nebraska rows",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Burt_County_Wind",
        "label": "Burt County Wind — Global Energy Monitor",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Coordinates agree between EIA-860M and Global Energy Monitor. Confidence is 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' because the three sources disagree on the current owner/operator and no developer announcement was retrieved. No compute offtaker is documented.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "notes": "EIA-860M's July 2026 planned inventory lists 75 MW nameplate with a July 2027 planned operation date and status \"(L) Regulatory approvals pending. Not under construction.\" Global Energy Monitor lists the asset owner as Burt County Wind LLC and the operator as Con Edison Development, while EIA's July 2026 entity of record is RWE Clean Energy; current ownership should be confirmed before this operator name is relied on."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "notes": "SPP interconnection queue position GEN-2017-105, queued July 12, 2017, interconnecting to the Tekamah–Raun 161 kV line with Omaha Public Power District as transmission owner; requested in-service date December 20, 2026; status \"Active In Queue.\" A queue position is not an award and not a built site."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "calethos-lithium-valley-imperial-county-ca",
    "name": "CalEthos Lithium Valley Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "CalEthos, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.79,
      "lon": -115.56,
      "city": "El Centro",
      "county": "Imperial",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/calethos-expands-data-center-plans-for-lithium-valley-california-with-315-acre-land-purchase/",
        "label": "CalEthos expands data center plans for Lithium Valley, California, with 315-acre land purchase",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "First phase now ~300-420MW (expanded from an original 80-acre/300MW plan; a range, so omitted from capacityMw); part of a planned 1M sq ft, 3-4 phase campus. Land purchase completed; permitting/engineering underway with American Dark Fiber. Distinct, competing developer from the existing tracked Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing (Sebastian Rucci/IVCM) project in the same county. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Imperial Irrigation District (IID)",
      "notes": "Geothermal/solar via the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) - a separate balancing authority from CAISO, which does not itself operate a load interconnection queue."
    },
    "landAcres": 315,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cambrin-project-cornmaze-town-of-beloit-wi",
    "name": "Project Cornmaze Data Center (Town of Beloit)",
    "operator": "Cambrin LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5843885,
      "lon": -89.0215921,
      "city": "Beloit",
      "county": "Rock",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-15",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-15",
        "note": "Town of Beloit signed a pre-development agreement with Cambrin LLC covering rezoning, a development agreement and possible tax increment financing; Cambrin agreed to reimburse the town up to $175,000 in costs.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/town-of-beloit-pre-development-agreement-develop-data-center",
        "label": "Town of Beloit has pre-development agreement with company looking to develop data center",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://608scanner.com/the-rock-county-data-center-fight-janesvilles-three-proposals-and-the-vote-that-could-decide-them/",
        "label": "The Rock County data center fight — Cambrin/Beloit quarry site",
        "publisher": "608 Scanner",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "430 acres at an existing gravel pit on the northeast side of the Town of Beloit, along Town Line Road, South Prairie Avenue and East Philhower Road; property currently owned by Rock Road Companies Inc. Very preliminary — a sewer and water study is underway, no site plans or applications filed, land not yet purchased. Cambrin LLC is a Delaware entity; DNR filings share a contact name and email with Degas LLC, the entity Meta used for Beaver Dam, but Meta has not confirmed involvement, so the operator is recorded as Cambrin only. Coordinates geocode Town Line Road.",
    "landAcres": 430,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "canaan-alborz-happy-tx",
    "name": "Alborz Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "WindHQ LLC / Canaan Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.012,
      "lon": -101.9165,
      "city": "Happy",
      "county": "Randall",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-08-09",
        "note": "Completed deployment and operational by Aug 2022 per The Block; still operational as of the Feb 2026 Canaan acquisition, which describes it as part of an operating JV.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/canaan-inc-acquires-cipher-minings-interest-in-multiple-operational-mining-projects-totaling-4-4-ehs-in-west-texas-302694773.html",
        "label": "Canaan Inc. Acquires Cipher Mining's Interest in Multiple Operational Mining Projects Totaling ~4.4 EH/s in West Texas",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/canaan-alborz",
        "label": "Canaan: Alborz Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel (data center aggregator)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/162413/cipher-mining-completes-40-megawatt-wind-powered-site-in-texas",
        "label": "Cipher Mining completes 40-megawatt wind powered site in Texas",
        "publisher": "The Block",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "~1.3 EH/s hashrate. Distinct from all nine already-tracked Cipher TX facilities — none of those match Happy/Randall County.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "notes": "Wind-powered: substation site within/adjacent to the 163 MW Astra Wind Farm (WindHQ affiliate). $46.9M BlockFi Lending loan financed original construction in 2022 (construction financing, not necessarily total project cost)."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 46900000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "canaan-bear-andrews-tx",
    "name": "Bear Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "WindHQ LLC / Canaan Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.2691,
      "lon": -102.6042,
      "city": "Andrews",
      "county": "Andrews",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-01-03",
        "note": "Operational since ~2022-2023 (base site); +30 MW expansion announced/contracted Jan 2024 via new Avalon A1466 miners from Canaan, delivery Q2 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/canaan-inc-acquires-cipher-minings-interest-in-multiple-operational-mining-projects-totaling-4-4-ehs-in-west-texas-302694773.html",
        "label": "Canaan Inc. Acquires Cipher Mining's Interest in Multiple Operational Mining Projects Totaling ~4.4 EH/s in West Texas",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/canaan-bear",
        "label": "Canaan: Bear Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel (data center aggregator)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/01/03/2803639/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Announces-60-MW-Expansion-of-its-Bear-and-Chief-Joint-Venture-Data-Centers-and-Purchase-of-16-700-New-Miners-from-Canaan-Inc.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Announces 60 MW Expansion of its Bear and Chief Joint Venture Data Centers and Purchase of 16,700 New Miners from Canaan Inc.",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "Distinct from the already-tracked Cipher Stingray HPC Data Center (id=cipher-stingray-andrews-county-tx) — Stingray is a separate, wholly Cipher-owned 100-250 MW 'proposed'-status development also near Andrews/Lyntegar territory, while Bear is a smaller, older (2022-built), WindHQ joint-venture operational bitcoin-mining site. Both being near Andrews and on the same coop grid is coincidental co-location, not the same site — no shared address, developer, or JV structure found.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Lyntegar Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "Connects to Lyntegar Electric Cooperative grid. Highly competitive sub-3-cents/kWh power rate cited in the Feb 2026 Canaan release; site participates in ERCOT demand response/energy arbitrage."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "canaan-chief-mountain-andrews-tx",
    "name": "Chief Mountain Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "WindHQ LLC / Canaan Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.285,
      "lon": -102.625,
      "city": "Andrews",
      "county": "Andrews",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-01-03",
        "note": "Operational base site pre-2024; +30 MW expansion announced/contracted Jan 2024 via new Avalon A1466 miners from Canaan, delivery Q2 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/canaan-inc-acquires-cipher-minings-interest-in-multiple-operational-mining-projects-totaling-4-4-ehs-in-west-texas-302694773.html",
        "label": "Canaan Inc. Acquires Cipher Mining's Interest in Multiple Operational Mining Projects Totaling ~4.4 EH/s in West Texas",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/canaan-chief-mountain",
        "label": "Canaan: Chief Mountain Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel (data center aggregator)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/01/03/2803639/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Announces-60-MW-Expansion-of-its-Bear-and-Chief-Joint-Venture-Data-Centers-and-Purchase-of-16-700-New-Miners-from-Canaan-Inc.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Announces 60 MW Expansion of its Bear and Chief Joint Venture Data Centers and Purchase of 16,700 New Miners from Canaan Inc.",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "Distinct from the already-tracked Cipher Stingray HPC Data Center (id=cipher-stingray-andrews-county-tx) — different ownership structure (wholly Cipher-owned, 'proposed' status, 100-250 MW) vs. this smaller, operational WindHQ JV site. No shared address or developer link found.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Sub-3-cents/kWh power rate cited for Bear/Chief in the Feb 2026 Canaan release; ERCOT grid demand-response/energy-arbitrage participation."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "canadys-station-colleton-county-sc",
    "name": "Canadys Station",
    "operator": "Dominion Energy South Carolina and Santee Cooper",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.0565161,
      "lon": -80.6196529,
      "city": "Canadys",
      "county": "Colleton",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-05-14",
        "note": "The Public Service Commission of South Carolina approved the joint Dominion Energy / Santee Cooper application for a certificate to construct and operate the station.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.santeecooper.com/community/generation-projects/canadys-station/",
        "label": "Canadys Station — generation project page",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.dominionenergy.com/press-releases/press-releases/2026/Dominion-Energy-Santee-Cooper-Joint-Project-Receives-Key-Regulatory-Approval/default.aspx",
        "label": "Dominion Energy, Santee Cooper Joint Project Receives Key Regulatory Approval",
        "publisher": "Dominion Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Canadys%2C+Colleton+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Canadys, Colleton County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/pay-run-colleton-county-data-130030844.html",
        "label": "Who will pay to run the Colleton County data center?",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Dedicated generation build-out driven in significant part by South Carolina large-load growth. Deliberately NOT linked to a named compute offtaker: no source ties its output to a specific campus, so `generation.offtaker` is omitted. Cost figures of roughly $5 billion and a target commercial operation date in the early 2030s appear in regulatory coverage but are not stated on either fetched company page, so they are not asserted here. Distinct from the tracked Project Boulder data center, which is also in Colleton County but is a different site and facility type. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Canadys community.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 2200
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 3,
      "notes": "Natural gas combined-cycle station of three combined-cycle turbines with flexible fuel capability, built on the brownfield site of Dominion Energy's retired Canadys coal plant roughly 40 miles northwest of Charleston. Kinder Morgan was selected as natural gas supplier. Jointly developed by Dominion Energy South Carolina and Santee Cooper."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cango-greenvolt-soperton-ga",
    "name": "Cango GreenVolt Soperton Facility",
    "operator": "Cango Inc. (GreenVolt Technology LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3811,
      "lon": -82.5917,
      "city": "Soperton",
      "county": "Treutlen",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1725123/000110465926041972/cang-20251231x20f.htm",
        "label": "Cango Inc. FY2025 Form 20-F (filed 2026-04-10), Item 5 MD&A and PP&E note: seller LN Energy 3 LLC, $19.5M cash, 50 MW, land + buildings + equipment; agreement July 2025, closed August 2025; GreenVolt Technology LLC holds the mining site assets",
        "publisher": "Cango Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cango-inc-acquires-50-mw-bitcoin-mining-facility-in-georgia-laying-groundwork-for-future-energy-strategy-302526334.html",
        "label": "Cango Inc. press release (Aug 11, 2025): 50 MW Georgia facility, $19.5M, fully operational, 30 MW self-mining / 20 MW third-party hosting; had previously hosted Cango's own miners",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Cango Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/providers/ln-compute-inc",
        "label": "LN Compute provider profile: announces completion of the sale of its 50 MW air-cooled Bitcoin mining project (Soperton, GA) to Cango Inc.",
        "publisher": "Datacenters.com / LN Compute",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Cango Inc. (NYSE: CANG) acquired this ~50 MW air-cooled bitcoin mining facility from LN Compute for $19.5M cash (agreement July 2025, closed August 2025); held via subsidiary GreenVolt Technology LLC, seller entity LN Energy 3, LLC. 30 MW self-mining / 20 MW third-party hosting; already operational and had previously hosted Cango's own miners. City/county (Soperton, Treutlen County) is NOT stated in Cango's SEC filings (the 20-F and 2025 6-Ks say only \"Georgia\"); it is corroborated by LN Compute's own announcement of the sale plus a Soperton, GA property listing — hence confidence \"reported\" and approximate coordinates (city center). Distinct from CleanSpark's separate 2024 acquisition of five LN Energy turnkey sites (a lease assumption, not this land + equipment sale).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-region-solar-west-baton-rouge-la",
    "name": "Capital Region Solar (LA3 West Baton Rouge Solar Facility)",
    "operator": "Helios Infrastructure (Nationwide / Sol Systems joint venture)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.465105,
      "lon": -91.331855,
      "county": "West Baton Rouge",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020-10",
        "note": "Commercial operation reached October 2020.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/capital-region-solar-facility-serving-entergy-louisiana-customers",
        "label": "Capital Region Solar Facility Serving Entergy Louisiana Customers",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.solsystems.com/news/sol-nationwide-acquire-largest-solar-project/",
        "label": "Nationwide and Sol Systems acquire largest solar project in Louisiana",
        "publisher": "Sol Systems",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 61646, LA3 West Baton Rouge Solar Facility)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "One site under two names: Entergy calls the PPA resource Capital Region Solar, while EIA and the developer record the plant as LA3 West Baton Rouge Solar Facility. The EIA record lists Sol Systems as the plant owner.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "20-year power purchase agreement with Entergy Louisiana, effective October 9, 2020."
    },
    "landAcres": 560,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "About 197,000 modules on roughly 560 acres near Port Allen; DEPCOM Power provided EPC and O&M."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cascade-advanced-energy-facility-wa",
    "name": "Cascade Advanced Energy Facility",
    "operator": "Energy Northwest",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.4706,
      "lon": -119.3339,
      "city": "Richland",
      "county": "Benton",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 320
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10-16",
        "note": "Amazon and Energy Northwest announce plans to develop advanced nuclear technology in Washington, funding the feasibility/environmental/safety/permitting/licensing phase for four Xe-100 reactors",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-01",
        "note": "Energy Northwest selects Cascade Nuclear Partners (Kiewit Nuclear Solutions, Black & Veatch, Aecon) as design-builder for the now-named Cascade Advanced Energy Facility",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/advanced/who-were-working-with/pre-application-activities/energy-northwest",
        "label": "Cascade Advanced Energy Facility pre-application project page",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-northwest.com/news-releases/amazon-energy-northwest-announce-plans-to-develop-advanced-nuclear-technology-in-washington/",
        "label": "Amazon & Energy Northwest Announce Plans To Develop Advanced Nuclear Technology in Washington",
        "publisher": "Energy Northwest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-northwest.com/news-releases/energy-northwest-selects-design-builder-for-cascade-advanced-energy-facility-in-washington-state/",
        "label": "Energy Northwest Selects Design Builder for Cascade Advanced Energy Facility",
        "publisher": "Energy Northwest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-northwest.com/energy-projects/cascade-advanced-energy-facility/",
        "label": "Cascade Advanced Energy Facility project page",
        "publisher": "Energy Northwest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://x-energy.com/news/energy-northwest-x-energy-joint-development-agreement-xe-100/",
        "label": "Energy Northwest and X-energy Sign Joint Development Agreement for Xe-100 Advanced Small Modular Reactor Project",
        "publisher": "X-energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://x-energy.com/media/news-releases/amazon-invests-in-x-energy-to-support-advanced-small-modular-nuclear-reactors-and-expand-carbon-free-power",
        "label": "Amazon Invests in X-energy to Support Advanced Small Modular Nuclear Reactors and Expand Carbon-Free Power",
        "publisher": "X-energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/advanced/who-were-working-with/pre-application-activities/xe-100",
        "label": "Xe-100 reactor technology pre-application page",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactors/wash2",
        "label": "Columbia Generating Station reactor info-finder page",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/washington-nuclear-facility-smrs-cascade-amazon-modular/802967/",
        "label": "Washington nuclear facility will deploy 12 Amazon-funded SMRs",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/nrc-speeds-timeline-for-dowx-energy-reactor-permit-review/751050/",
        "label": "NRC speeds timeline for Dow/X-energy reactor permit review",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.efsec.wa.gov/facilities/columbia-generating-station",
        "label": "Columbia Generating Station facility page",
        "publisher": "Washington Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Coordinates (46.4706, -119.3339) anchor to Energy Northwest's Columbia Generating Station on the DOE Hanford Reservation, Benton County -- the distinct Cascade SMR parcel, described only as 'adjacent to' Columbia Generating Station, has no publicly confirmed exact coordinate; treat as an approximate site anchor, not a parcel-exact point. Project-level capital cost is not disclosed in any source reviewed and is omitted rather than estimated; Amazon's ~$500M investment in X-energy is a company-level reactor-technology investment, not Cascade project capex (see generation.notes). Site is licensed for up to 12 modules (960 MW) total; only the initial 4-module (320 MW) phase is recorded in capacityMw.planned as the confirmed near-term build.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "X-energy Xe-100 high-temperature gas-cooled small modular reactors, 80 MWe per module, 60-year design life. Initial deployment is 4 modules (320 MW); the site is licensed for up to 12 modules (960 MW total). NRC pre-application phase only -- no construction permit docketed as of this pass. Construction targeted to begin by end of the decade (~2029-2030); operations/first power targeted 2030s (one Energy Northwest source cites mid-2030s). Delivers into the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) / Pacific Northwest grid -- no single named data center is the offtake destination."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No organized community opposition documented in sourcing this pass -- not confirmed absent, simply not found. Coverage describes general regional interest tied to job creation and clean-energy framing in the Tri-Cities/Hanford area, which has an established nuclear workforce (PNNL, Columbia Generating Station).",
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear_smr",
      "offtaker": "Amazon",
      "unitCount": 4,
      "notes": "Amazon announced funding (2024-10-16) for the feasibility/environmental/safety/permitting/licensing phase of four Xe-100 reactors with Energy Northwest and X-energy, amid AI-driven power demand. Energy Northwest owns, builds, and operates the facility; X-energy is the reactor-technology licensor. Amazon holds a contractual right to purchase power from the first 320 MW phase; public power utilities may purchase up to 50% of the full 960 MW build-out per Energy Northwest's own project page, so Amazon's offtake share of the full build-out is not necessarily 100%. Design-builder Cascade Nuclear Partners (Kiewit Nuclear Solutions / Black & Veatch / Aecon) selected 2025. Amazon separately anchored a ~$500M Series C-1 investment in X-energy (announced 2024-10-16, alongside Amazon's Climate Pledge Fund, Citadel's Ken Griffin, Ares Management affiliates, NGP, and the University of Michigan) supporting X-energy's reactor design/licensing and Phase 1 of its TRISO-X fuel fabrication facility in Oak Ridge, TN -- this is company-level X-energy funding, not Cascade project capex. Project-level construction jobs are projected at ~1,000-2,000 and operational jobs at ~100-200 per Energy Northwest's own project page; these are the operator's projections, not delivered/operational counts, and are recorded here as notes rather than in the jobs field."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cascade-digital-power-hatfield-wi",
    "name": "Cascade Digital Power Hatfield Bitcoin Mine (Lake Arbutus Hydro)",
    "operator": "Cascade Digital Power (Digital Power Optimization)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.4146842,
      "lon": -90.7306966,
      "city": "Hatfield",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-02",
        "note": "Industrial-scale mining began at the Hatfield site in mid-February 2022; the partnership was announced at the end of March 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wpr.org/jackson-county-home-new-cryptocurrency-mine-surprise-many-local-county-officials",
        "label": "Jackson County is home to a new cryptocurrency mine — a surprise for many local, county officials",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/digital-power-optimization-forms-partnership-to-combine-hydro-power-and-cryptocurrency-mining--cascade-digital-power-301513816.html",
        "label": "Digital Power Optimization Forms Partnership to Combine Hydro Power and Cryptocurrency Mining: Cascade Digital Power",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Digital Power Optimization",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "Cascade Digital Power was formed in 2022 by Digital Power Optimization, Wiconi Hydro and a family office to monetize surplus output from a 1908 hydroelectric plant that had fallen into disrepair. Four employees (three plant, one IT). Bitmain S19j Pro ASICs. Local town and county officials were unaware of the operation when it began. Coordinates are the Hatfield locality geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "notes": "Powered by a hydroelectric plant on Lake Arbutus operating since 1908; roughly half the plant's output is sold to the grid and the remainder consumed on site by the mining load."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cass-county-solar-cass-ne",
    "name": "Cass County Solar",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.915278,
      "lon": -95.930286,
      "city": "Murray",
      "county": "Cass",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 265
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "NextEra's project page describes a proposed project of up to 265 MW; Nebraska DWEE lists Cass County solar development by NextEra as under development.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/cass-county-solar.html",
        "label": "Cass County Solar",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/solar-thermal-photovoltaic/solar-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Solar Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Developer states up to 265 MW, 250–300 construction jobs and $36 million in tax revenue estimated over the first 30 years (the $566 million figure on the same page is labelled 30-year project investment, i.e. a lifetime economic-impact figure, so it is NOT recorded as investmentUsd here). Nebraska DWEE separately lists a 320 MW \"Boulevard Associates Solar\" in Cass County near Murray — Boulevard Associates is the NextEra subsidiary named on this project's county filings, so the two entries almost certainly describe one site; the capacity discrepancy is unresolved. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: the pin is the village of Murray (OpenStreetMap/Nominatim). Cass County is also one of the counties where Tenaska has optioned land for the proposed Google campus, and its planning commission recommended a data-center moratorium in 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cassville-grant-county-wi",
    "name": "Cassville Data Center Campus (Undisclosed Developer)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (major tech company, NDA not signed)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.716,
      "lon": -91.007,
      "city": "Cassville",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Alliant Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2024-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Grant County Economic Development Corp. disclosed proposal for $1B-$2B campus; developer identity withheld; proximity to Cardinal-Hickory Creek transmission line cited as appeal",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Town of Cassville voters approved 44-0 an ordinance banning data centers in the township on April 16, 2026; developer went silent after the vote and was reported considering sites in Indiana and North Dakota",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/02/wisconsin-data-center-billion-dollar-grant-county-cassville-utility-energy/",
        "label": "Another $1 billion Wisconsin data center eyed in Grant County town of Cassville",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pbswisconsin.org/news-item/another-billion-dollar-wisconsin-data-center-is-eyed-for-cassville-in-grant-county/",
        "label": "Another billion-dollar Wisconsin data center is eyed for Cassville in Grant County",
        "publisher": "PBS Wisconsin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/04/wisconsin-data-center-rural-town-cassville-rejects-plan-driftless-area-zoning/",
        "label": "In rural Wisconsin, a town rejects a plan to build a massive data center",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/06/a-2-billion-proposal-then-silence-how-a-driftless-area-data-center-deal-fell-apart/",
        "label": "A $2 billion proposal, then silence: How a Driftless Area data center deal fell apart",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "Coordinates are Cassville city centroid; proposed site was ~400-500 acres in the town of Cassville. Grant County ED director confirmed company 'people will recognize' but declined to name it. Energy requirement estimated at 400-500 MW (per Wisconsin Watch, citing economic development director estimate). Investment range $1B-$2B; investmentUsd represents the floor. Town vote was April 16, 2026: 44-0 to ban data centers (ordinance lasts up to two years). Developer went silent post-vote and was reportedly considering Indiana and North Dakota sites.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 500,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents voted 44-0 (April 16, 2026) to ban data centers in the township. 'No Data Centers in the Driftless' Facebook group reached 2,700 members. Community cited loss of farmland and rural character in Wisconsin's Driftless Area.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cde-acquisitions-project-atlas-south-whitehall-lehigh-pa",
    "name": "Project Atlas Data Center Campus (South Whitehall Township)",
    "operator": "CDE Acquisitions, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6400848,
      "lon": -75.5443246,
      "city": "South Whitehall Township",
      "county": "Lehigh",
      "street": "2747 North Cedar Crest Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "18104",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-11",
        "note": "Revised plan scheduled for a South Whitehall Township public hearing on June 11, 2026, after the developer cut the program from six buildings to three data center buildings plus support structures.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfmz.com/news/area/lehighvalley/lehigh-county/allentown-area/plans-change-for-proposed-south-whitehall-data-center-here-s-what-s-on-the-table/article_5016b739-5f4e-497a-adfc-9c9811b8f980.html",
        "label": "Plans change for proposed South Whitehall data center; here's what's on the table now",
        "publisher": "WFMZ-TV 69 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Three parcels at 2493, 2807 and 2747 N. Cedar Crest Boulevard totalling 410 acres across from Parkland High School, owned by Jeras Corporation, with CDE Acquisitions, LLC of Atlanta as applicant. The revised program is three data center buildings of 492,285 sq ft each plus a 40,680 sq ft administration building and a 39,167 sq ft warehouse, 1,556,702 sq ft in total - down from six buildings over 5 million sq ft. Parking drops from 966 to 399 spaces and weekday trips from 3,865 to 1,154. Includes an on-site electrical substation, emergency generators and a private septic field, with a water main extension requested along Ritter Road. Three barns are to be restored and dedicated to the township; a brick house and farmstead would be removed. Stated construction start November 2029, completion April 2030.",
    "landAcres": 410,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centeris-south-hill-puyallup-wa",
    "name": "Centeris South Hill Campus (SH1/SH2)",
    "operator": "Centeris (The Benaroya Company)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.136,
      "lon": -122.272,
      "city": "Puyallup",
      "county": "Pierce",
      "street": "1023 39th Avenue SE",
      "postalCode": "98374",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2017-11-02",
        "note": "Data Center Frontier reported Colocation Northwest leasing up to 7 MW of IT capacity at the operating South Hill campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterfrontier.com/centeris-signs-7-megawatt-lease-in-seattle-data-center/",
        "label": "Centeris Signs 7 Megawatt Lease in Seattle Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/colocation-provider/centeris/",
        "label": "Centeris Data Center Locations (SH1 and SH2, Puyallup, WA)",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mrsc.org/stay-informed/mrsc-insight/august-2026/data-centers",
        "label": "What the Data Center Boom Means for Washington Local Governments",
        "publisher": "Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Two data center buildings — SH1 at 1023 39th Avenue SE and SH2 at 1015 39th Avenue SE, Puyallup — on an 86-acre campus with a dedicated on-site substation rated to 50 MW, expandable in 25 MW increments. SH1 is a 56,000 sq ft LEED Gold facility; a 176,000 sq ft powered shell adjoins it. Colocation Northwest (IsoFusion) leases up to 7 MW. Owned by The Benaroya Company, which entered the data center business in 2010; the site previously housed semiconductor operations. MRSC's August 2026 summary reports 21 full-time employees plus 50-100 third-party vendor employees. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the SH1 address.",
    "landAcres": 86,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 21,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-abq1-albuquerque-nm",
    "name": "Centersquare ABQ1",
    "operator": "Centersquare (formerly Cyxtera Technologies / Evoque Data Center Solutions)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0844,
      "lon": -106.6504,
      "city": "Albuquerque",
      "county": "Bernalillo",
      "street": "400 Tijeras Ave NW",
      "postalCode": "87102",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/centersquare-albuquerque-abq1",
        "label": "Centersquare: Albuquerque ABQ1 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation facility originally built as CenturyLink/Cyxtera's AB3 site (Cyxtera acquired via Brookfield's ~$2.8B 57-site transaction, May 2017); rebranded Centersquare in late 2025. Capacity MW figures conflicted across sources (1.35-6 MW) and were omitted rather than guessed.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-ewr5-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "Centersquare EWR5 (Secaucus)",
    "operator": "Centersquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.78617,
      "lon": -74.0692821,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "15 Enterprise Avenue North",
      "postalCode": "07094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Listed with available raised floor and utility capacity on Centersquare's own New York/New Jersey page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/new-york-new-jersey",
        "label": "Centersquare (Csquare) New York/New Jersey colocation data centers page",
        "publisher": "Centersquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=Centersquare&state=NJ",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 279, 'Centersquare New Jersey (EWR5)', 15 Enterprise Avenue N, Secaucus NJ 07094",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=15+Enterprise+Avenue+North,+Secaucus,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building 'Centersquare NYC3 Data Center', 15 Enterprise Avenue North, Secaucus",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Centersquare lists Secaucus EWR5 with 59,572 sq ft of raised floor and 45.7/26.3 MW-class utility service (26.3 MW for this site). The published figure is incoming utility capacity, not a stated IT load, so it is deliberately not recorded in capacityMw. Centersquare is Brookfield Infrastructure's 2024 combination of Evoque and the acquired Cyxtera assets.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-gallatin-tn",
    "name": "Centersquare Gallatin (NAS) Campus",
    "operator": "Centersquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.40406,
      "lon": -86.39812,
      "city": "Gallatin",
      "county": "Sumner",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11427377/evoque-to-partner-with-archer-datacenters-on-200m-nashville-campus",
        "label": "Evoque to Partner With Archer Datacenters on $200M Nashville Campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/centersquare-gallatin-nas",
        "label": "Centersquare: Gallatin (NAS) Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/how-big-are-middle-tennessees-data-centers-a-look-at-facilities-already-operating",
        "label": "How big are Middle Tennessee's data centers? A look at facilities already operating",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 5 Nashville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "landAcres": 28.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-lax3-irvine-ca",
    "name": "Centersquare LAX3",
    "operator": "Centersquare (Cyxtera/Evoque)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6870931,
      "lon": -117.8479769,
      "city": "Irvine",
      "county": "Orange",
      "street": "17836 Gillette Avenue",
      "postalCode": "92614",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 24.9
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/los-angeles",
        "label": "Centersquare Los Angeles-market data center directory (LAX3/LAX5)",
        "publisher": "Centersquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/2641",
        "label": "Centersquare Los Angeles (LAX3) - PeeringDB facility record",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/17836-gillette-avenue-irvine/centersquare/datacenter/oc2",
        "label": "Centersquare LAX3-A / OC2, 17836 Gillette Avenue - Inflect listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "'OC2' is a legacy Cyxtera/Savvis codename for this same building, now branded 'LAX3' on Centersquare's current site (independently confirmed by OSM, which tags this building 'Cyxtera LAX3 Data Center'). Capacity corrected to 24.9MW - Centersquare's own disclosed Utility figure (matching the convention already used for the tracked centersquare-phx3-az record) - from a stale/inconsistent aggregator figure of 12MW that does not reconcile with that same aggregator's own suite-level sub-splits. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found for this building specifically. Distinct building from Centersquare's other Irvine facility, LAX5 (2681 Kelvin Avenue, formerly aggregator-labeled 'LAX2'), approximately 0.7 miles away - same operator, not the same campus.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-lax5-irvine-ca",
    "name": "Centersquare LAX5",
    "operator": "Centersquare (Cyxtera/Evoque)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6847703,
      "lon": -117.8366956,
      "city": "Irvine",
      "county": "Orange",
      "street": "2681 Kelvin Avenue",
      "postalCode": "92614",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 17.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/los-angeles",
        "label": "Centersquare Los Angeles-market data center directory (LAX3/LAX5)",
        "publisher": "Centersquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/6670",
        "label": "Centersquare Los Angeles (LAX5) - PeeringDB facility record",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/centersquare-irvine-lax2",
        "label": "Centersquare Irvine LAX2/LAX5 - Baxtel facility record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Officially named 'LAX5' on Centersquare's own current site; 'LAX2' is a deprecated Evoque-era code for this same building that persists on some aggregator pages. Capacity corrected to 17.3MW (Centersquare's current disclosed figure) from a stale/legacy 15MW aggregator figure. Centersquare = Brookfield's April 2024 combination of Evoque Data Center Solutions + acquired Cyxtera Technologies assets. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found for this building specifically (only portfolio-wide language). Distinct building from Centersquare's other Irvine facility, LAX3 (17836 Gillette Avenue), approximately 0.7 miles away - same operator, not the same campus. First Orange County, CA facility tracked in this dataset.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-lynnwood-se1-wa",
    "name": "Centersquare Lynnwood SE1",
    "operator": "Centersquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.841809,
      "lon": -122.3016653,
      "city": "Lynnwood",
      "county": "Snohomish",
      "street": "17300 Highway 99",
      "postalCode": "98037",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/396296733",
        "label": "OSM way 396296733 - 'Centersquare Lynnwood SE1', telecom=data_center, operator=Centersquare, ref=SE1, CLLI LYWDWAJG, 17300 Highway 99 Lynnwood 98037",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Single-sourced, hence confidence 'reported'. Centersquare is the entity formed when Cyxtera and Evoque merged; the facility has traded under the Evoque and Cyxtera brands, so it may appear elsewhere under those names. No capacity asserted: colocation marketplaces quote figures ranging from 4 MW to 20 MW for this building and none was read from a primary source this session.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-ord2-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Centersquare ORD2 (Elk Grove Village)",
    "operator": "Centersquare (Csquare)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9923175,
      "lon": -87.9582323,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "street": "2425 Busse Road",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 25.9
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed as a live Chicago-market facility on the operator's own locations page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/chicago",
        "label": "Csquare (Centersquare) Chicago data centers — ORD1, ORD2, ORD4",
        "publisher": "Csquare / Centersquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (2425 Busse Road LLC (CenterSquare ORD2), Elk Grove Village, 2025 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Operator lists ORD2 at 111,906 sq ft of raised floor and 25.9MW. The operating entity has changed hands and names repeatedly (Cyxtera/Evoque → Centersquare → Csquare); the DCEO MOU is held by 2425 Busse Road LLC and was amended in 2025 to add Centersquare MSA Holdings LLC. County omitted: the geocoder returns DuPage for this address while Elk Grove Village spans two counties. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 17134551,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-ord4-lisle-il",
    "name": "Centersquare ORD4 (Lisle)",
    "operator": "Centersquare (Csquare)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8023406,
      "lon": -88.0948856,
      "city": "Lisle",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "street": "4513 Western Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60532",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed as a live Chicago-market facility on the operator's own locations page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/chicago",
        "label": "Csquare (Centersquare) Chicago data centers — ORD1, ORD2, ORD4",
        "publisher": "Csquare / Centersquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (4513 Western Avenue LLC (CenterSquare ORD4), Lisle, 2025 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Operator lists ORD4 at 66,875 sq ft of raised floor. No capacityMw recorded: the operator's page gives 88.9MW against ORD4 while other trade listings give figures an order of magnitude lower for the same building, so the number is not asserted here. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 16148419,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-phx3-az",
    "name": "Centersquare PHX3",
    "operator": "Centersquare (Cyxtera/Evoque)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4212542,
      "lon": -111.8590191,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "1301 West University Drive",
      "postalCode": "85201",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 17.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/phoenix",
        "label": "Centersquare (Cyxtera/Evoque) facility directory",
        "publisher": "Centersquare (Cyxtera/Evoque)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/543117031",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/543117031",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Operator's own directory (csquare.com/data-centers/phoenix) lists two distinct Phoenix-market facilities: PHX1 (Phoenix proper, ~40,456 sqft, 13.3MW) and PHX3 (Mesa, 1301 W University Dr, ~154,000 sqft total / 50,256 sqft raised floor, 17.3MW). The OSM candidate's name 'PHX1 - Mesa' conflates the two -- the Mesa facility is officially PHX3, not PHX1. Corrected the official name accordingly. Confirmed via csquare.com directory + corroborated by datacenters.com and PeeringDB listings for Centersquare PHX3 at the same address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-shakopee-mn",
    "name": "Centersquare Shakopee (MSP1 Campus)",
    "operator": "Centersquare (fka Cyxtera / Evoque; site originally built by Compass Datacenters)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.7965,
      "lon": -93.482,
      "city": "Shakopee",
      "county": "Scott",
      "street": "4450 Dean Lakes Blvd.",
      "postalCode": "55379",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 19.1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/minneapolis",
        "label": "Top Minneapolis Colocation Data Centers | Power Available | Csquare",
        "publisher": "Centersquare / Csquare (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Centersquare Minneapolis (MSP1), 4450 Dean Lakes Blvd., Shakopee MN 55379",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "4450 Dean Lakes Boulevard, Shakopee, MN 55379. Built by Compass Datacenters (Phase 1, 1.2MW, opened 2014, originally for Savvis/CenturyLink, ~$26M). Passed to Cyxtera (2017, via $2.8B CenturyLink data-center-portfolio deal), then to Evoque, then rebranded Centersquare in April 2024 after Evoque closed its acquisition of Cyxtera's portfolio. Own site (csquare.com) states 'Utility power: 19.1MW' with separate, smaller UPS (2.4MW) and generator (3.6MW) figures listed — those smaller numbers likely describe currently-installed backup for built-out suites, not total site capacity; used the 19.1MW utility-power figure as capacityMw.operational but flagging the discrepancy for a human sanity-check. 29,800 sq ft raised floor (~28,900–30,000 sq ft consistently reported). Compass's original master plan included 3 more 25,000 sq ft buildings (~$90M) — unclear if built out; not counted here.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centersquare-tpa1-tampa-fl",
    "name": "Centersquare Tampa TPA1",
    "operator": "Centersquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.9455353,
      "lon": -82.351102,
      "city": "Tampa",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "9310 Florida Palm Drive",
      "postalCode": "33619",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/tampa",
        "label": "Centersquare — Tampa TPA1 data center page: 19,245 sq ft raised floor, 9MW utility power, 2.5MW UPS, 9MW generator",
        "publisher": "Centersquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Tampa",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"Centersquare Tampa (TPA1)\", 9310 Florida Palm Drive, Tampa FL 33619",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter?data=%5Bout%3Ajson%5D%5Btimeout%3A90%5D%3Barea%5B%22ISO3166-2%22%3D%22US-FL%22%5D%5B%22admin_level%22%3D%224%22%5D-%3E.a%3B(nwr%5B%22telecom%22%3D%22data_center%22%5D(area.a)%3Bnwr%5B%22building%22%3D%22data_center%22%5D(area.a)%3B)%3Bout%20center%20tags%3B",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap via Overpass API — way 523886201 \"Cyxtera Tampa TP1\", building footprint centroid 27.9455353, -82.3511020",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "19,245 sq ft of raised floor; 9MW of utility and generator capacity against 2.5MW of UPS, so no single IT-load figure is asserted. Roughly 8 miles east of downtown Tampa, outside mandatory evacuation zones, with a 130-mph wind-rated TPO roof. Formerly branded Cyxtera TPA1 / TP1 — OSM still carries the Cyxtera name; Centersquare is the current operator.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centra-msp1-eagan-mn",
    "name": "CENTRA MSP1",
    "operator": "CENTRA Digital Interconnect",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8288628,
      "lon": -93.1184514,
      "city": "Eagan",
      "county": "Dakota",
      "street": "610 Opperman Dr",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 12
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.centradigital.com/post/centra-breaks-ground-on-msp1",
        "label": "CENTRA Breaks Ground on MSP1",
        "publisher": "CENTRA Digital Interconnect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/centra-minneapolis",
        "label": "CENTRA Minneapolis (MSP1) Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Adaptive reuse of a former enterprise-owned facility — CENTRA's own release calls it \"Eagan's First Carrier-Neutral Interconnection Data Center\"; Tier III+, 4/3 redundant power, N+1 cooling, four diverse fiber entry points. CENTRA (rebranded from Deep Edge Realty in 2024) acquired the roughly 10-acre property for a reported $17M per Baxtel; expected online summer 2026. Address note: secondary listings disagree — this record uses 610 Opperman Dr, confirmed by the directly-fetched Baxtel listing; a datacentermap.com search-result title (never successfully fetched, repeated 429s) instead reads \"3640 Nasseff Way\" and was not used.",
    "landAcres": 10,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centra-portland-me",
    "name": "CENTRA Digital Interconnect -- 340 Cumberland (PMW01)",
    "operator": "CENTRA Digital Interconnect",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.6578388,
      "lon": -70.2613785,
      "city": "Portland",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "street": "340 Cumberland Ave",
      "state": "ME",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/maine",
        "label": "Maine Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/centra-340-cumberland-pmw01",
        "label": "CENTRA: 340 Cumberland (PMW01)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/gwi-portland-maine",
        "label": "GWI Portland Maine Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.centradigital.com/data-centers/pwm1",
        "label": "CENTRA Digital Interconnect — Portland 1 (PWM1), 340 Cumberland Ave",
        "publisher": "CENTRA Digital Interconnect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Described by the operator's aggregator listing as \"the most interconnected building in the State of Maine,\" a neutral, purpose-built interconnection facility in downtown Portland; rebranded from 'Deep Edge Realty' in 2024. Baxtel's Maine directory page states 52,272 sq ft. GWI (Great Works Internet, headquartered in Biddeford, ME) independently lists a facility at this SAME address (340 Cumberland Ave) -- treated here as a tenant/point-of-presence inside this same interconnection building rather than a separate facility, per this wave's one-pin-per-parcel rule, since a second record would otherwise carry an identical pin. No MW capacity figure was available from either source fetched. OSM confirms the address as a mapped point at 340 Cumberland Avenue, Parkside/West End, Portland (node/7171975407); no distinctly-named building polygon was available so precision is approximate.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "centrilogic-rochester-ny",
    "name": "Centrilogic Rochester Data Center",
    "operator": "Centrilogic",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.1671944,
      "lon": -77.6730439,
      "city": "Rochester",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "street": "28 Mansfield Street",
      "postalCode": "14606",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2007-09-19",
        "note": "Centrilogic announced the launch of its U.S. headquarters with a 22,000 sq ft Rochester data center offering network hosting, managed IT infrastructure and disaster recovery.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.centrilogic.com/rochester-new-york-data-center/",
        "label": "Rochester, New York (United States Head Office) — Centrilogic (operator facility page: 22,000 sq ft, N+1 cooling, diverse utility feeds from 2 substations)",
        "publisher": "Centrilogic",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.centrilogic.com/centrilogic-launches-u-s-headquarters/",
        "label": "Centrilogic Launches U.S. Headquarters with Rochester Data Center",
        "publisher": "Centrilogic",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/centrilogic-rochester-data-center/",
        "label": "CentriLogic Rochester Data Center — 28 Mansfield Street, Rochester, NY 14606",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=28+Mansfield+Street%2C+Rochester%2C+NY+14606&format=json&limit=2&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 28 Mansfield Street, Rochester, NY 14606",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Self-contained, purpose-built single-storey facility of 22,000 sq ft with a hardened perimeter, 18-inch raised floor, A+B power distribution, N+1 UPS, and diverse utility feeds from two separate substations. Backup generator capacity is listed as 2.0 MW; that is standby generation, not an IT-load figure, so capacityMw is left unset. Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cerebras-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "Cerebras Oklahoma City Data Center",
    "operator": "Cerebras Systems",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4676,
      "lon": -97.5164,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 10
    },
    "poweredBy": "OG&E",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Cerebras announced six new AI datacenters including OKC; Scale Datacenters selected as host colo; 300+ CS-3 systems expected online by June 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Ribbon cutting September 22, 2025; 10 MW facility with 300+ CS-3 wafer-scale systems confirmed online",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55273769/cerebras-unveils-six-data-centers-to-meet-accelerating-demand-for-ai-inference-at-scale",
        "label": "Cerebras Unveils Six Data Centers to Meet Accelerating Demand for AI Inference at Scale",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cerebras.ai/press-release/cerebras-announces-six-new-ai-datacenters-across-north-america-and-europe-to-deliver-industry-s",
        "label": "Cerebras Announces Six New AI Datacenters Across North America and Europe",
        "publisher": "Cerebras Systems",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cerebras.ai/blog/okc",
        "label": "Cerebras OKC Data Center — Official Blog",
        "publisher": "Cerebras Systems",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cerebras-opens-10mw-data-center-in-oklahoma-city/",
        "label": "Cerebras Opens 10MW Data Center in Oklahoma City",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cerebras-oklahoma-city",
        "label": "Cerebras: Oklahoma City Data Center — Baxtel Profile",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Colocation tenancy: Cerebras Systems is the AI infrastructure operator; Scale Datacenters is the facility host/colo provider (acquired the 82,000 sq ft building from Expand Energy, formerly Chesapeake Energy, originally built ~2013). Facility address: 512 NW 62nd St (corner of NW 61st/62nd St and N Lee Ave), Oklahoma City. Ribbon cutting September 22, 2025. Houses 300+ CS-3 Wafer Scale Engine systems delivering 44+ exaflops of AI compute. Facility features Tier III-quality infrastructure, tornado and seismic shielding, triple-redundant power stations. Cerebras matches all kWh consumption with renewable energy (REC-based, not on-site generation). OG&E reported as grid utility — consistent with OKC service territory but not explicitly named in Cerebras primary sources. Investment amount not disclosed. Jobs: Cerebras blog references 'hundreds of good-paying jobs' in engineering, IT, and operations plus local college workforce partnerships — no firm headcount confirmed. Coordinates are approximate (dispatch seed); actual facility is at 512 NW 62nd St.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "OG&E",
      "notes": "Every kWh matched with renewable energy (REC-based offset; no on-site generation disclosed). OG&E (Oklahoma Gas and Electric) reported as serving utility — consistent with OKC service territory; not explicitly named in Cerebras primary sources but cited in secondary coverage."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Direct-to-chip liquid cooling via closed-loop system; Cerebras describes it as minimizing water consumption. Custom water-cooling solution designed for CS-3 wafer-scale servers. No mgd figure disclosed."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Cerebras reports workforce development partnerships with local colleges and technical programs; 'hundreds of good-paying jobs' in engineering, IT, and operations noted on official blog. No public opposition or contention reported in any source reviewed.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "chestnut-river-holyoke-ma",
    "name": "Chestnut River Holyoke Data Center (former Hampden Papers complex)",
    "operator": "Chestnut River Power and Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1975752,
      "lon": -72.600908,
      "city": "Holyoke",
      "county": "Hampden",
      "street": "100 Water Street",
      "postalCode": "01040",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-16",
        "note": "Boston-based Chestnut River Power and Infrastructure publicly sought the former Hampden Papers complex at 100 Water Street for a 20-megawatt \"micro facility\"; WAMC reports no permits filed and no property purchased at that point.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wamc.org/news/2026-06-16/holyoke-councilors-mull-data-center-ban-as-developer-seeks-former-complex",
        "label": "WAMC, 2026-06-16 - Holyoke councilors mull data center ban as developer seeks former complex; \"20-megawatt 'micro facility'\", $200 million, 100 Water Street",
        "publisher": "WAMC Northeast Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gazettenet.com/2026/06/17/holyoke-first-in-state-to-ban-development-of-ai-data-centers/",
        "label": "Daily Hampshire Gazette, 2026-06-17 - Holyoke first in state to ban development of AI data centers; developer Chestnut River, 20 MW, $200M, adaptive reuse of the former mill",
        "publisher": "Daily Hampshire Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=100+Water+Street%2C+Holyoke%2C+Massachusetts&format=jsonv2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim - \"Former Hampden Paper Co, 100, Water Street, The Flats, Holyoke, Hampden County, Massachusetts, 01040\" (OSM way 213616074)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Status is \"proposed\", not \"cancelled\": Holyoke's City Council voted 9-4 on 2026-06-17 to ban AI data centers above 12 MW, which would bar this 20 MW project as designed, but the developer stated \"We're not closing the door - and we hope Holyoke won't either\" and had neither filed permits nor bought the property. The coordinate is the OSM-mapped former Hampden Paper Co building at the cited address, marked approximate because the proposal covers the wider complex. The 20 MW is the developer's stated figure; $200M is the reported project cost for this site only. Holyoke's ban explicitly exempts the tracked MGHPCC.",
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "chirisa-volo-data-center-il",
    "name": "Volo Data Center",
    "operator": "Chirisa Technology Parks",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3486,
      "lon": -88.1382,
      "city": "Volo",
      "county": "Lake",
      "street": "300 S Fish Lake Road",
      "postalCode": "60073",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 14
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/energy/article/55127752/coreweave-chirisa-illinois-data-center-project-taps-bloom-energy-for-fuel-cell-power-leans-into-microgrids",
        "label": "CoreWeave, Chirisa Tap Bloom Energy For Illinois AI Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.microgridknowledge.com/data-center-microgrids/article/55126611/bloom-energy-bringing-fuel-cell-power-to-coreweave-data-center-project-in-illinois",
        "label": "Bloom Energy Bringing Fuel Cell Power to CoreWeave Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "Microgrid Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://chirisatechnologyparks.com/bloom-energy-and-coreweave-partner-to-revolutionize-ai-data-center-power-solutions/",
        "label": "Bloom Energy and CoreWeave Partner to Revolutionize AI Data Center Power Solutions",
        "publisher": "Chirisa Technology Parks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "160,000 sq ft leased facility; tenant is CoreWeave, Inc. (public GPU/AI-cloud compute provider) -- every source frames this explicitly as an AI data center supporting AI computing operations. 14 MW is the existing/disclosed grid power supply; a planned on-site Bloom Energy fuel-cell/microgrid buildout was targeted for Q3 2025 commissioning but its MW capacity is not disclosed in any source found and is omitted (a distinct figure from the 14 MW grid supply, not additive to it here). Acreage (~50 acres) and the exact street address/postal code are corroborated only via a single aggregator/cached-search path (a direct Data Center Dynamics fetch on the site's HSBC/Capital One former-tenant history returned 403 both attempts) -- flagged as single-path, not independently cross-verified; treat address/acreage as approximate. Former site occupant: HSBC (built ~2007), later Capital One (acquired HSBC's US card operations, 2012), vacant and auctioned ~2023 before Chirisa's redevelopment. No SEC filing or Bloom Energy investor press release could be located this session to corroborate; neither is cited as a source. Investment and jobs figures are not disclosed anywhere and are omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied 14 MW plus a planned on-site Bloom Energy fuel-cell/microgrid buildout (targeted Q3 2025 commissioning; MW not disclosed)."
    },
    "landAcres": 50,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cielo-clarksville-tn",
    "name": "Cielo Montgomery County AI Campus",
    "operator": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.53,
      "lon": -87.36,
      "city": "Clarksville",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 350
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Clarksville (CDE Lightband)",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure proposed a ~350 MW AI campus on ~107 acres in Montgomery County (Clarksville)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/tennessee/2037/cielo-clarksville-data-center",
        "label": "Cielo Clarksville Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cieloinfra.com/",
        "label": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~107-acre proposed site, ~350 MW. Distinct operator/parcel from Google's operational Clarksville (Montgomery County) campus. Sourcing is thin (tracker + developer site) → confidence reported. Cielo specializes in power/fiber-ready campus development. Coordinates are the Clarksville area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Clarksville (CDE Lightband)"
    },
    "landAcres": 107,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Local community posts flag awareness/opposition to the proposal."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cielo-gaffney-cherokee-county-sc",
    "name": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure Gaffney Campus",
    "operator": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0666365,
      "lon": -81.5576062,
      "city": "Gaffney",
      "county": "Cherokee",
      "street": "Ford Road",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Announced by the S.C. Governor's office and S.C. Department of Commerce as Cielo's first South Carolina development project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2025-06/cielo-digital-infrastructure-selects-cherokee-county-first-south-carolina-development",
        "label": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure selects Cherokee County for first South Carolina development project",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor of South Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Ford+Road%2C+Gaffney%2C+Cherokee+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Ford Road, Gaffney, Cherokee County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://scbiz.com/cielo-2b-data-center-cherokee-county/",
        "label": "Digital infrastructure company to invest $2.1B in Cherokee County data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Announcement describes four buildings of roughly 400,000 sq ft each plus an associated electrical substation, at '000 Ford Road, Gaffney'. Initial operations expected online by year-end 2028. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Ford Road — no parcel-level location was published. A 300 MW full-build-out figure appears in trade coverage but is not stated in the state announcement, so capacity is omitted here.",
    "investmentUsd": 2100000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cielo-haines-city-fl",
    "name": "Cielo Haines City Data Center",
    "operator": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.1114,
      "lon": -81.6198,
      "city": "Haines City",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "Marion Road at State Road 544-East",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Cielo Digital Infrastructure held an initial meeting with Haines City on Nov 4, 2025; the Deputy City Manager signed a non-binding concurrence letter on Nov 17, 2025 -- roughly seven months before the project became public.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Project publicly disclosed via local news coverage of city commission records. No formal site plan, zoning request, or development agreement filed. Blocked pending Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) approval of a Water Use Permit modification; city officials say full approval is unlikely before end of 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/technology/ai/articles/florida-data-center-project-stalls-180033586.html",
        "label": "Florida data center project stalls amid water permit fight",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance (syndicating Data Center Dynamics)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecitrustea.com/2026/07/02/haines-city-data-center-new-documents-show-what-commissioners-were-told-before-the-public-and-when/",
        "label": "Haines City data center: new documents show what commissioners were told before the public, and when",
        "publisher": "The Citrus Tea",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/planned-data-center-in-florida-held-back-by-lack-of-available-water-from-city/",
        "label": "Planned data center in Florida held back by lack of available water from city",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/haines-city-data-center-project-water-capacity-shortage",
        "label": "Haines City data center project stalled by water capacity shortage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "300 MW planned, ~74-acre site along Marion Road and State Road 544 East, Haines City, Polk County -- pre-application stage (no site plan, zoning request, or development agreement filed as of Aug 2026), distinct from the already-tracked Lakeland (Ryan Companies/Project Swan) and Fort Meade (Stonebridge/Florida Ecopark) Polk County sites. No precise parcel address, investment figure, or jobs figure disclosed in any source found; coordinates are the Haines City area centroid, not the actual site. The Data Center Dynamics original report (sources[2]) returned a 403 on direct re-fetch this session -- corroborated via Yahoo Finance syndication and independent Citrus Tea investigative reporting citing city commission records; multiple other independent local outlets (WFLA, Fox 13 Tampa Bay, Bay News 9) covered the same story at headline level.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.15,
      "notes": "Cielo has requested 150,000 gallons/day. Haines City's pending SWFWMD Water Use Permit modification seeks to raise the city's total Floridan Aquifer allocation to 16.42M gal/day; city currently pumps ~7M of a permitted 10M gal/day and cannot cover the request without separate SWFWMD Governing Board approval."
    },
    "landAcres": 74,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "City commissioners Anne Huffman, Kim Downing, and Lekia Johnson have voiced opposition citing infrastructure, energy, water, traffic, and quality-of-life concerns. City was under Phase III water restrictions (once-weekly lawn watering) at time of public disclosure. No lawsuits identified as of Aug 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-barber-lake-colorado-city-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Barber Lake Campus",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3954,
      "lon": -100.8687,
      "city": "Colorado City",
      "county": "Mitchell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Cipher Mining acquired the 587-acre Barber Lake site near Colorado City for HPC/AI; Phase I targeted Sept 2026 (Fluidstack/Google lease)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cipher-mining-acquires-more-than-500-acres-across-two-sites-in-texas-for-crypto-and-hpc-use/",
        "label": "Cipher Mining acquires more than 500 acres across two sites in Texas for crypto and HPC use",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.quiverquant.com/news/Cipher+Mining+Inc.+Announces+$1.4+Billion+Offering+of+Senior+Secured+Notes+for+Barber+Lake+Facility+Construction",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Inc. — Proposed $1.4B Senior Secured Notes Offering press release (SEC 8-K exhibit, via Quiver Quantitative reproduction)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "587-acre Barber Lake site near Colorado City, Mitchell County; ~300 MW HPC/AI under a Fluidstack/Google lease; Phase I targeted Sept 2026. Coordinates are the Colorado City area centroid. Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1733000000,
    "landAcres": 587,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-black-pearl-wink-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Black Pearl Campus",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.751,
      "lon": -103.1607,
      "city": "Wink",
      "county": "Winkler",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Cipher Mining signed a 15-year AWS lease to deliver ~300 gross MW at its Black Pearl campus near Wink; Phase I targeted Q4 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cipher-digital-black-pearl",
        "label": "Cipher Digital Black Pearl",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/engie-teams-up-with-cipher-mining-to-power-texas-data-center-302454171.html",
        "label": "ENGIE teams up with Cipher Mining to power Texas data center (up to 300 MW wind PPA)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/cipher-mining-pursues-2-billion-161628888.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining pursues $2 billion debt offering for Amazon data center",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/03/3179121/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Provides-Third-Quarter-2025-Business-Update.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Provides Third Quarter 2025 Business Update (GlobeNewswire, Nov 3, 2025)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "~300 gross MW HPC/AI campus near Wink, Winkler County, under a 15-year AWS lease; Phase I targeted Q4 2026. Cipher transitioning crypto → HPC/AI. Coordinates are the Wink area centroid. Cipher Mining (Nasdaq: CIFR) financed Black Pearl via ~$2.0B senior secured notes (Black Pearl Compute LLC, Feb 2026) plus a ~$232.5M equity reimbursement (~$2.23B implied total, inferred across two instruments) -> investmentUsd omitted; the ~$9.3-9.8B AWS figure is 15-year lease revenue, not capex. No jobs figures disclosed -> jobs honest-zero. Mining-era cooling was ~250 MW air-cooled + ~50 MW liquid-cooled; the HPC/AI cooling architecture is undisclosed -> water honest-zero. No confirmed public subsidy surfaced. Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "138-kV Oncor interconnection (ERCOT West); a preliminary PPA with ENGIE (up to 300 MW of wind) was announced May 2025 - grid-sourced renewable via PPA, not on-site generation."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No documented local reception found (Wink is a small West-Texas oil-field community; coverage is exclusively financial/industry press). No council votes, opposition, litigation, or moratorium located."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-colchis-tom-green-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Colchis Campus",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.5290977,
      "lon": -100.3212098,
      "city": "San Angelo",
      "county": "Tom Green",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Cipher purchased a majority interest in a JV (Colchis LLC) to develop the 1-GW Colchis HPC site in West Texas; fully executed 1-GW AEP Direct Connect agreement, energization targeted 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000181998926000009/cifr-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Cipher Digital Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K — Item 1 Site Pipeline, Colchis Site (1-GW West Texas, 620 acres, AEP Direct Connect, energize 2028)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.ciphermining.com/news-releases/news-release-details/cipher-mining-provides-third-quarter-2025-business-update",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Provides Third Quarter 2025 Business Update — formation of JV to develop 1-GW Colchis site in West Texas",
        "publisher": "Cipher Mining Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sanangelolive.com/news/politics/2026-06-02/san-angelo-may-end-data-center-it-cant-regulate",
        "label": "San Angelo May End Up With a Data Center It Can't Regulate — Cipher Digital Colchis in Tom Green County, near AEP Red Creek substation",
        "publisher": "San Angelo LIVE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/03/3179121/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Provides-Third-Quarter-2025-Business-Update.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Provides Third Quarter 2025 Business Update (GlobeNewswire, Nov 3, 2025)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "1-GW HPC/AI development site in Tom Green County, northeast of San Angelo near AEP's Red Creek 345-kV substation (~2,500 ft east of the Skybox San Angelo campus). In November 2025 Cipher purchased a majority interest in a JV (Colchis LLC) to develop the site, with options to buy ~620 acres of land adjacent to the existing substation; Cipher expects ~95% equity subject to final lease/development terms. Coordinates are the NE-San-Angelo / Red Creek substation area centroid (approximate) pending a parcel-level GIS lookup. Investment and jobs figures undisclosed -> omitted. County pinned via local press (San Angelo LIVE); the SEC 10-K discloses only \"West Texas.\". Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Fully executed 1-GW Direct Connect Agreement with American Electric Power (AEP) for a dual interconnection facility at the AEP Red Creek 345-kV substation; targeted energization 2028; advanced ERCOT studies per Cipher's Q3 2025 update."
    },
    "landAcres": 620,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "Local coverage (San Angelo LIVE, Jun 2026) notes the Colchis site sits outside San Angelo city limits in unincorporated Tom Green County, roughly 2,500 ft east of the Skybox campus, raising questions about who can regulate it. No formal opposition, council vote, litigation, or moratorium located."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-digital-hashworks-waterford-washington-oh",
    "name": "HashWorks Powered Land — Waterford Site",
    "operator": "HashWorks Powered Land Waterford LLC (land entity tied to Cipher Digital / Sabre 56)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.55139,
      "lon": -81.64944,
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://woub.org/2026/05/22/waterford-resident-calls-trustee-step-down-data-center-development/",
        "label": "WOUB: Waterford resident calls for trustee to step down over data center land deals",
        "publisher": "WOUB Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newsandsentinel.com/news/community-news/2026/07/waterford-resident-asks-washington-county-commissioners-for-help-regarding-data-center-project/",
        "label": "News and Sentinel: Waterford resident asks Washington County commissioners for help on data center project",
        "publisher": "News and Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://athensindependent.com/data-centers-across-appalachian-ohio/",
        "label": "Appalachian Ohio a target for data centers",
        "publisher": "Athens County Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "HashWorks Powered Land Waterford LLC has assembled just over 500 acres in Waterford Township and filed for a 25 MGD Muskingum River surface-water withdrawal; local reporting ties the leasing LLCs to Sabre 56 and Cipher Digital for a potential 200MW crypto-mining/HPC/AI facility, but Washington County commissioners stated no deal has been finalized and Cipher's ownership stake is undocumented -- confidence kept at rumored. Distinct site from the Center Township/Morgan County 'Ulysses' project.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "HashWorks Powered Land Waterford LLC has registered a water withdrawal facility with a capacity of 25 million gallons per day. This is a registered withdrawal capacity, not measured or projected facility water use, and no cooling method has been disclosed."
    },
    "landAcres": 500,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-digital-odessa-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Digital Odessa Facility",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.8457,
      "lon": -102.3676,
      "city": "Odessa",
      "county": "Ector",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 207
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cipher-mining-odessa",
        "label": "Cipher Mining Odessa",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/cipher-mining-inc-nasdaqcifr-q1-2026-earnings-call-transcript-1754845/",
        "label": "Cipher Mining, Inc. (NASDAQ:CIFR) Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript",
        "publisher": "Insider Monkey",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "Company rebranded Cipher Mining → Cipher Digital after its Q1 2026 earnings call (May 5, 2026), announcing a strategic pivot toward hyperscale AI/HPC hosting. Bitcoin-mining wind-down across the company's sites is planned to complete by July 2027, not immediately — as of this writing Odessa remains an active bitcoin-mining facility mid-transition. Power arrangement is grid-sourced; company discloses ERCOT Responsive Reserve Service demand-response participation. Coordinates are Odessa, TX city-center (not facility-exact).",
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hashRateThPerS": 7200000,
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-digital-ulysses-center-township-morgan-oh",
    "name": "Cipher Digital Ulysses",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital (formerly Cipher Mining)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.63028,
      "lon": -81.64694,
      "county": "Morgan",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-23",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2025-12-23/cipher-ohio-hpc-pjm",
        "label": "Cipher's Ulysses Ohio site: 200MW, 195 acres, AEP power, PJM interconnection, Q4 2027 energization",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.facebook.com/MorganCountyHerald/posts/last-nights-meeting-regarding-the-proposed-data-center-in-center-township-morgan/1611931394270139/",
        "label": "Morgan County Herald: public meeting on the proposed Cipher Digital data center in Center Township",
        "publisher": "Morgan County Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Site publicly confirmed by Cipher (200MW, 195 acres, AEP Ohio, PJM, Q4 2027 energization) without a stated county; local reporting on a June 2026 public meeting in Center Township, Morgan County ties Cipher Digital to a proposed data center there, matching the same MW/timeline facts. Distinct from a separate Cipher-linked land assembly in Waterford Township, Washington County (see cipher-digital-hashworks-waterford-washington-oh).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "Secured power capacity from AEP Ohio with direct PJM interconnection; all required utility agreements reported in place."
    },
    "landAcres": 195,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-mclennan-county-tx",
    "name": "Cipher McLennan HPC Data Center",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.474088,
      "lon": -96.96261,
      "city": "Waco",
      "county": "McLennan",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000181998926000009/cifr-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Cipher Digital (Cipher Mining) FY2025 Form 10-K — McLennan Site, central Texas, targeted capacity up to 500 MW, energize 2028; option exercised Feb 2026",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wacobridge.org/2026/05/27/waco-data-center-cipher-riesel-mclennan-county/",
        "label": "Waco Bridge — 'Second Waco-area data center proposal troubles residents' (citing McLennan County clerk records)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/10/15/2963299/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Announces-the-Signing-of-Option-Agreements-to-Acquire-1-5-GW-of-Data-Center-Sites-in-West-and-North-Texas.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining — Announces Signing of Option Agreements to Acquire 1.5 GW of Data Center Sites in West and North Texas (GlobeNewswire, Oct 15, 2024)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Cipher's McLennan HPC/AI data center site in central Texas (McLennan County, the Waco area). Targeted capacity up to 500 MW; estimated energization 2028. Cipher entered an option agreement in October 2024 and exercised the option to acquire the special-purpose entity in February 2026. Part of Cipher's ~3.4 GW / 8-site HPC pipeline (Cipher Digital, formerly Cipher Mining). Coordinates approximate (McLennan County / Waco geocode; specific parcel not disclosed). Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "landAcres": 300,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Riesel residents formed a 'Stop the Riesel Data Center' opposition page and the City Council and a McLennan County commissioner publicly criticized the project's lack of transparency (May 2026); no vote, denial, or lawsuit yet.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-mikeska-mcculloch-county-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Mikeska HPC Data Center",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.1317,
      "lon": -99.3349,
      "city": "Brady",
      "county": "McCulloch",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000181998926000009/cifr-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Cipher Digital (Cipher Mining) FY2025 Form 10-K — Mikeska Site, West Texas, targeted capacity up to 500 MW, energize 2028; option to purchase exercised Feb 2026",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cipher-mining-mikeska",
        "label": "Baxtel — Cipher Mikeska data center (500 MW, outside Brady, Texas)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Cipher's Mikeska HPC/AI data center site, in West Texas outside Brady (McCulloch County). Targeted capacity up to 500 MW; estimated energization 2027-2028. Cipher exercised its option to acquire the ground lease/purchase rights in February 2026. Part of Cipher's ~3.4 GW / 8-site HPC pipeline (Cipher Digital, formerly Cipher Mining). Coordinates approximate (Brady, TX geocode). Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-milsing-huntsville-walker-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Milsing HPC Data Center",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.7235,
      "lon": -95.5508,
      "city": "Huntsville",
      "county": "Walker",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000181998926000009/cifr-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Cipher Digital (Cipher Mining) FY2025 Form 10-K — Milsing Site, East Texas, targeted capacity up to 500 MW, energize 2028-2029; option exercised Dec 2025",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cipher-mining-milsing",
        "label": "Baxtel — Cipher Milsing data center (~187 acres, Huntsville, Texas, outside Houston)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Cipher's Milsing HPC/AI data center site near Huntsville, Texas (Walker County, northeast of Houston); ~187 acres. Targeted capacity up to 500 MW; estimated energization 2028-2029 (aggregators list a 2027 target). Cipher entered an option agreement in October 2024 and exercised the option in December 2025. Part of Cipher's ~3.4 GW / 8-site HPC pipeline (Cipher Digital, formerly Cipher Mining). Coordinates approximate (Huntsville, TX geocode). Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "landAcres": 187,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-reveille-cotulla-la-salle-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Reveille HPC Data Center",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.4359,
      "lon": -99.2351,
      "city": "Cotulla",
      "county": "La Salle",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 70
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000181998926000009/cifr-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Cipher Digital (Cipher Mining) FY2025 Form 10-K — Reveille Site, located in Cotulla, Texas, ERCOT interconnection up to 70 MW, energize 2027",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cipher-digital-reveille-tx",
        "label": "Baxtel — Cipher Reveille, Cotulla, Texas data center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Cipher's Reveille HPC/AI data center site in Cotulla, Texas (La Salle County). ERCOT interconnection approval up to 70 MW with room for expansion; targeted energization 2027. Part of Cipher's ~3.4 GW / 8-site HPC pipeline (Cipher Digital, formerly Cipher Mining). Coordinates approximate (Cotulla, TX geocode). Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cipher-stingray-andrews-county-tx",
    "name": "Cipher Stingray HPC Data Center",
    "operator": "Cipher Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3187,
      "lon": -102.5457,
      "city": "Andrews",
      "county": "Andrews",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000181998926000009/cifr-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Cipher Digital (Cipher Mining) FY2025 Form 10-K (filed 2026-02-24) — Stingray Site, West Texas, conditional ERCOT interconnection up to 100 MW, energize H1 2026",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cipher-mining-acquires-more-than-500-acres-across-two-sites-in-texas-for-crypto-and-hpc-use/",
        "label": "DCD — Cipher acquires Stingray, 250 acres in Andrews County (west of Andrews), 100 MW front-of-the-meter, energize Q2 2026",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/11/26/2987553/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Announces-Acquisition-of-New-Site-in-West-Texas-Adding-100-MW-of-Capacity-to-its-Growing-Portfolio-of-Power-and-Data-Center-Development-Opportunities.html",
        "label": "Cipher Mining — Announces Acquisition of New Site in West Texas (GlobeNewswire, Nov 26, 2024)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Cipher's Stingray HPC/AI data center site, ~250 acres in Andrews County, Texas (west of the city of Andrews). Conditional ERCOT interconnection approval up to 100 MW; targeted energization H1/Q2 2026. Part of Cipher's ~3.4 GW / 8-site HPC pipeline. Cipher rebranded from Cipher Mining to Cipher Digital during its pivot to hyperscale HPC/AI hosting. Coordinates approximate (Andrews, TX geocode; exact parcel not confirmed). Cipher Mining was renamed Cipher Digital.",
    "landAcres": 250,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cirrus-data-services-midvale-ut",
    "name": "CirrusDS View 78 Data Center",
    "operator": "Cirrus Data Services",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6111,
      "lon": -111.8994,
      "city": "Midvale",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 112,
      "operational": 32
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://cirrusds.com/midvale-ut-campus",
        "label": "Midvale, UT Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Cirrus Data Services",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prweb.com/releases/cirrus-data-services-entering-data-center-market-in-salt-lake-city-855163208.html",
        "label": "Cirrus Data Services Entering Data Center Market in Salt Lake City",
        "publisher": "PRWeb",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.midvale.utah.gov/government/departments/redevelopment_agency/index.php",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency — Midvale City (three project areas: Bingham Junction, Jordan Bluffs, Main Street)",
        "publisher": "Midvale City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.midvale.utah.gov/government/departments/recorder_s_office/midvale_city_resolutions.php",
        "label": "Midvale City Resolutions index",
        "publisher": "Midvale City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Phase 1 (32MW, four 8MW modules) is operational and being marketed for lease; two additional phases (~80MW more) are planned. Some third-party trackers report a larger total (up to 160MW) than the operator's own site; treated as unconfirmed beyond the operator's stated 112MW total. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Midvale's RDA runs three project areas (Bingham Junction, Jordan Bluffs, Main Street); 983 W Center St falls outside Main Street's boundary, but which of the two overlapping former-Superfund redevelopment areas, Bingham Junction or Jordan Bluffs, actually contains the parcel was not resolved — the \"View 78\" campus name loosely ties to Jordan Bluffs via a nearby apartment development, but this is not confirmed. Midvale's own resolutions index lists no agreement naming Cirrus, a data center, or 983 W Center St. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanarc-ruther-glen-va",
    "name": "CleanArc VA1",
    "operator": "CleanArc Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.9374,
      "lon": -77.4837,
      "city": "Ruther Glen",
      "county": "Caroline",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 900
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "CleanArc broke ground on its 900 MW flagship campus in Ruther Glen, Caroline County; 200 MW online targeted Q3 2026, phased to mid-2030s",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cleanarc-gets-green-light-for-600mw-data-center-campus-in-caroline-county-virginia/",
        "label": "CleanArc gets green light for data center campus in Caroline County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vedp.org/press-release/2025-11/cleanarc-caroline",
        "label": "CleanArc Data Centers invests $3 billion in Caroline County",
        "publisher": "Virginia Economic Development Partnership",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanarc-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-900mw-flagship-hyperscale-campus-in-virginia-302621903.html",
        "label": "CleanArc Data Centers breaks ground on 900MW flagship campus in Virginia",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/37147/639189502405330000",
        "label": "VA DEQ air permit 74341-1 — Clean Arc Data Centers VA-1 Campus (issued 2026-07-02)",
        "publisher": "Virginia Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://publicevidence.org/records/clean-arc-data-centers-va-1-campus-air-permit-74341-1",
        "label": "Submission provenance (not controlling source) — Public Evidence record for permit 74341-1",
        "publisher": "Public Evidence Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "900 MW flagship campus in Ruther Glen, Caroline County, phased into the mid-2030s (200 MW online targeted Q3 2026). Distinct operator/parcel from the AWS Mattermeade campus (also Caroline County). Coordinates are the Ruther Glen area centroid. investmentUsd records the confirmed $3B first-phase pledge (VEDP); the ~$8.8B full-buildout figure is a projection and is excluded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Dominion Energy Virginia is the sole investor-owned utility serving Caroline County (attribution via SCC territory; not named directly in CleanArc materials). 900 MW phased in three 300 MW stages (2027 / 2030 / 2033-2035); the VA SCC approved a large-load rate class in Nov 2025. CleanArc markets a 'True Additionality' clean-energy model; no confirmed on-site generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The Caroline County performance agreement prohibits potable water for industrial cooling (county water for washing/flushing only); closed-loop recirculation with initial water brought off-site. Not yet operational - no daily-use figure."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Caroline County EDA annual grant - 25% of incremental tax revenue for 15 years (40% for 10 years if the first data hall is operational by Sept 30 2027), capped at 10% of taxable investment",
        "jurisdiction": "Caroline County, VA",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Virginia Data Center Retail Sales & Use Tax exemption (eligibility per VEDP; no certified award value)",
        "jurisdiction": "Commonwealth of Virginia",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The Caroline County Board of Supervisors approved the performance agreement 5-1 (Aug 12 2025; lone dissent from Vice-Chair Jeff Sili). Governor Youngkin attended the Nov 20 2025 groundbreaking. No organized community opposition or litigation was found.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-austin-county-tx",
    "name": "CleanSpark Austin County AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.9508,
      "lon": -96.2661,
      "county": "Austin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 285
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-29",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-29",
        "note": "CleanSpark executed 285 MW of long-term power supply agreements (a 28% increase to contracted power) for a ~271-acre AI/HPC data center campus in Austin County; substation construction underway, site design/vertical construction not yet started.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525254934/clsk-20251029.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 8-K, filed 2025-10-29 (Item 8.01)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525254934/clsk-ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark Exhibit 99.1 press release: AI Data Center in Greater Houston",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-enters-texas-market-with-land-and-large-scale-power-acquisition-to-rapidly-deploy-an-ai-data-center-in-greater-houston-302598051.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Enters Texas Market with Land and Large-Scale Power Acquisition to Rapidly Deploy an AI Data Center in Greater Houston",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "First of CleanSpark's two announced Greater Houston-area sites (see also the separate Brazoria County campus). No city/address disclosed anywhere in the filing — company language is only 'positioned between Houston and Austin'; Austin County (seat Bellville) fits that framing, so coordinates are an approximate county reference point, not a parcel. Targeting energization of >200 MW in H1 2027. Explicitly framed by named CleanSpark executives (CBO, SVP of AI Data Centers) as an AI/HPC campus, not continued bitcoin mining or generic cloud — clears the schema's evidence bar for aiClassification. Combined with the separate Brazoria County campus, CleanSpark cites 'more than 890 MW of aggregate potential utility capacity' in the greater Houston area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "landAcres": 271,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-brazoria-county-tx",
    "name": "CleanSpark Brazoria County (Second Texas) Campus",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.1694,
      "lon": -95.431,
      "county": "Brazoria",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-14",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-14",
        "note": "CleanSpark announced acquisition of up to 447 acres in Brazoria County with 300 MW (expandable to 600 MW) of ERCOT-approved interconnection capacity for a second Texas AI/HPC campus near Houston.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "CleanSpark's February 2026 operational update confirms the acquisition closed, adding '300 megawatts of ERCOT-approved capacity.' No construction-start evidence found; site remains staged as proposed.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-expands-texas-footprint-with-major-power-acquisition-near-houston-to-support-scaled-ai-and-hpc-development-302660752.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Expands Texas Footprint with Major Power Acquisition Near Houston",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.cleanspark.com/news/news-details/2026/CleanSpark-Expands-Texas-Footprint-with-Major-Power-Acquisition-Near-Houston-to-Support-Scaled-AI-and-HPC-Development/default.aspx",
        "label": "CleanSpark Expands Texas Footprint (issuer IR copy)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.cleanspark.com/news/news-details/2026/CleanSpark-Releases-February-2026-Operational-Update/default.aspx",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases February 2026 Operational Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "CleanSpark's second announced Houston-area AI/HPC campus (see also the separate Austin County campus, ~890 MW aggregate potential combined). No city or street address disclosed in any source found — coordinates are an approximate reference point at the Brazoria County seat (Angleton, TX), not a parcel location. 447 acres is disclosed as an 'up to' ceiling. An additional 300 MW (to a 600 MW total) is described as a potential future expansion, not yet ERCOT-approved or contracted. No named AI/HPC tenant or GPU lease disclosed for this specific site (unlike CleanSpark's Sandersville, GA site), so aiClassification is 'likely' rather than 'confirmed.' No raw SEC 8-K located this session for this transaction; sourced to CleanSpark's own press release and investor-relations pages, independently corroborated by trade press (DataCenterDynamics, The Energy Mag).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "landAcres": 447,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-campbell-junction-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Campbell Junction Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0436,
      "lon": -85.1692,
      "city": "Campbell Junction",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN sites acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC (see cleanspark-jellico-tn for deal terms). 10-K: 'MIPA 2: Campbell Junction, TN and Decatur, TN.' Campbell Junction is an unincorporated community in Cumberland County.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "CleanSpark Cheyenne Bitcoin Mining Campus",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.14,
      "lon": -104.8202,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-07-26",
        "note": "CleanSpark acquired a 30 MW Bitcoin mining site in Cheyenne, Wyoming (immersion-cooled S21 XPs, targeting >2 EH/s).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-09-11",
        "note": "CleanSpark closed on a second, 45 MW Wyoming site (targeting +3 EH/s), bringing the combined campus to 75 MW / 5+ EH/s targeted; company targeted operational status before end of 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024088986/clsk-20240726.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 8-K, filed 2024-08-01 (Item 8.01)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.cleanspark.com/news/news-details/2024/CleanSpark-Executes-75-MW-of-Power-Contracts-and-Completes-Acquisition-of-Bitcoin-Mining-Site-in-Wyoming/default.aspx",
        "label": "CleanSpark Executes 75 MW of Power Contracts in Wyoming",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-executes-75-mw-of-power-contracts-and-completes-acquisition-of-bitcoin-mining-site-in-wyoming-302212200.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Executes 75 MW of Power Contracts and Completes Acquisition of Bitcoin Mining Site in Wyoming",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.cleanspark.com/news/news-details/2024/CleanSpark-to-Acquire-75-MW-of-Bitcoin-Mining-Sites-in-Wyoming-for-18.75-Million/default.aspx",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Acquire 75 MW of Bitcoin Mining Sites in Wyoming for $18.75 Million",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (Investor Relations)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Two-parcel buildout totaling 75 MW contracted power (30 MW site 1 + 45 MW site 2), combined target of 5+ EH/s using all-new S21 immersion XPs. Site 1 (30 MW) is confirmed as Cheyenne, Laramie County via the primary SEC 8-K; site 2 (45 MW) is described only as 'Wyoming' in the 8-K, with secondary/aggregator sources placing it in the 'Cheyenne market' — coordinates and city are therefore approximate for the combined record. Current operational status has not been independently reverified since the 2024 announcement. Pure bitcoin ASIC mining — no AI/HPC evidence found for this site (a later, unrelated CNBC report on CleanSpark pursuing a Wyoming AI data center was not tied to this facility and is not reflected here).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "75 MW of executed power contracts across two Cheyenne sites (initial 30 MW plus a second 45 MW site)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 18750000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 13,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "immersion",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-clinton-ms",
    "name": "CleanSpark Clinton Bitcoin Mining Facilities",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3560924,
      "lon": -90.3635037,
      "city": "Clinton",
      "county": "Hinds",
      "street": "Industrial Park Drive",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 16.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-17",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-09-17",
        "note": "CleanSpark announced the acquisition of 'two Bitcoin mining sites and associated land near Clinton, Mississippi' for a combined $5.775 million supporting 16.5 MW; the sites were partially complete and the price included the cost to finish site infrastructure, with expected completion December 1, 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "CleanSpark reported the two Clinton facilities were completed December 2, 2024 and expected to be operational by December 6, 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024107034/clsk-ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1 — CleanSpark Acquires Two Additional Sites in Mississippi and Closes Second Site in Wyoming",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://msindy.org/p/channeling-cryptocurrency-in-a-mississippi",
        "label": "Channeling cryptocurrency in a Mississippi industrial park",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.cleanspark.com/news/news-details/2024/CleanSpark-Acquires-Two-Additional-Sites-in-Mississippi-and-Closes-Second-Site-in-Wyoming/default.aspx",
        "label": "CleanSpark Acquires Two Additional Sites in Mississippi and Closes Second Site in Wyoming — two Clinton, MS sites supporting 16.5 MW for a combined $5.775 million",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Net-new: the dataset records three CleanSpark Mississippi sites (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins), all traced to the February 2024 three-site purchase. These Clinton sites are a SEPARATE, later transaction — announced 2024-09-17 — and appear in no existing MS record. Deliberately filed as ONE record covering TWO adjacent sites: CleanSpark's 8-K says only 'two Bitcoin mining sites and associated land near Clinton, Mississippi' without naming them, and the Mississippi Independent locates them as 'one on Industrial Park Drive near railroad tracks; another on I-20 frontage road near power line right-of-way' in the Clinton Industrial Park, Hinds County. The coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of Industrial Park Drive, Clinton — a real road named by source 1 — and precision is 'representative_multi_site' because the record stands for both parcels; the I-20 frontage parcel has no geocodable address in any source fetched here. SPLIT IT into two records only if a parcel-level source for the second site turns up. capacityMw.operational 16.5 is the combined figure the 8-K states for both sites together ('support a total of 16.5 MW'), as is the $5.775M. Hashrate ~1 EH/s on S21 pro miners is stated but the schema has no hashrate field. Confirmed absences: no fetched source states a fee-in-lieu or other incentive for these sites, no job count, no water use, and no acreage; the Mississippi Independent notes CleanSpark's initial announcement 'did not specify the precise locations' and that the company declined detailed comment. Adjacency note: Amazon's $1B Clinton data center (record aws-clinton-hinds-ms in this artifact) is in the same Clinton Industrial Park — same park, different operator and different facility.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "Utility identified by the Mississippi Independent, which observed Entergy connecting prefabricated mining pods to power lines at the sites in late November 2024. CleanSpark's own 8-K does not name a utility."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5775000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-college-park-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark College Park Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6407,
      "lon": -84.4277,
      "city": "College Park",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50,
      "operational": 9.6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2020-12-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-11-25",
        "note": "CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K states in present tense: 'We own a property in College Park, Georgia, that mines bitcoin through immersion technology.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Item 1 Business, Item 2 Properties)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-agrees-to-acquire-bitcoin-miner-atl-data-center-301190492.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Agrees to Acquire Bitcoin Miner ATL Data Center",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Formerly ATL Data Center; acquired by CleanSpark on December 10, 2020 (up to $19.4M in CLSK stock) — correcting an aggregator-cited 2022 date, which describes a separate, unrelated CleanSpark Georgia deal. The 2020 acquisition announcement described a plan to expand from 9.6 MW to 50 MW using air-cooled pods, but the current (FY2025) 10-K instead states the site now mines bitcoin via immersion technology and discloses no site-specific MW figure — Georgia capacity is reported only in aggregate (620 MW / 27.02 EH/s across 15 locations in 10 GA cities as of 2025-09-30). capacityMw is therefore omitted rather than carrying forward the stale 2020-era planned figure. No AI/HPC evidence for this specific site — CleanSpark's 10-K frames Georgia/Mississippi/Tennessee as bitcoin-mining-only, distinct from its separate AI/HPC-pivot sites (e.g. Sandersville, GA; Austin County, TX).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "landAcres": 6,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "immersion",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-dalton-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark Dalton Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.7698,
      "lon": -84.9702,
      "city": "Dalton",
      "county": "Whitfield",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-06-21",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017023029069/clsk-ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark 8-K Exhibit 99.1, \"CleanSpark to Acquire Turnkey Bitcoin Mining Facilities for $9.3M in All-cash Deal\": two turnkey bitcoin mining campuses in Dalton, Georgia, announced June 21, 2023, adding just under 1 EH/s combined",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark FY2025 10-K, Note 5 — Acquisitions, \"Dalton 3 acquisition — Dalton, GA\": Feb 2, 2024, CSRE Properties Dalton, LLC acquired ~2 acres in Dalton, Whitfield County, Georgia",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "CleanSpark's Dalton, GA campus, built across three acquisitions: \"Dalton One and Two\" ($9.3M, announced June 21, 2023, ~1 EH/s combined) and \"Dalton Three\" (~2 acres, ~$3.57M, Feb 2, 2024) via subsidiary CSRE Properties Dalton, LLC. No per-site MW disclosed; folded into the GA aggregate of 620 MW / 15 locations.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-decatur-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Decatur Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.5148,
      "lon": -84.7902,
      "city": "Decatur",
      "county": "Meigs",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN sites acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC (see cleanspark-jellico-tn for deal terms). 10-K: 'MIPA 2: Campbell Junction, TN and Decatur, TN.' Decatur is the Meigs County seat.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-jellico-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Jellico Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.5825,
      "lon": -84.1306,
      "city": "Jellico",
      "county": "Campbell",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN bitcoin mining sites CleanSpark acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC for a combined $27.5-29.85M (closed Sept-Oct 2024) - a SEPARATE transaction from the GRIID acquisition. Site city named in the FY2025 10-K ('MIPA 1: Jellico, TN and West Crossville, TN'); the press release discloses only aggregate figures (85 MW / 5 EH/s across all 7 sites), so capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-lafayette-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark LaFayette Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.7048,
      "lon": -85.2819,
      "city": "LaFayette",
      "county": "Walker",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-05-13",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Asset Acquisitions: Georgia acquisition - LaFayette, GA)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Brand-new 2025 CleanSpark site (not GRIID-related): on 2025-05-13 subsidiary CSRE Properties, LLC acquired real estate and 'certain mining related infrastructures' in LaFayette, GA from MGT Capital Investments, Inc. for a combined $1.413M. No MW figure disclosed for this specific site; Georgia capacity reported only in aggregate (620 MW / 27.02 EH/s across ten GA cities as of 2025-09-30). Sourced solely to the 10-K - a completed SEC-disclosed transaction, no dedicated press release.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-lenoir-city-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Lenoir City Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7973,
      "lon": -84.256,
      "city": "Lenoir City",
      "county": "Loudon",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40,
      "operational": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10-31",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-announces-agreement-to-acquire-griid-infrastructure-based-on-an-enterprise-value-of-155-million-and-expansion-plans-of-over-400-mw-in-tennessee-302184116.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Announces Agreement to Acquire GRIID Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/02/14/2828934/0/en/GRIID-Infrastructure-Announces-Plans-to-Double-Capacity-of-Lenoir-City-Tenn-Bitcoin-Mining-Operations.html",
        "label": "GRIID Infrastructure Announces Plans to Double Capacity of Lenoir City, Tenn. Bitcoin Mining Operations",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (GRIID Infrastructure, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Item 2 Properties / Tennessee Operations)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of GRIID Infrastructure's three original Tennessee sites, inherited by CleanSpark when it closed the GRIID acquisition Oct 31, 2024. GRIID announced a 20 MW -> 40 MW expansion plan for this specific site in Feb 2024 (pre-acquisition); treat the 40 MW figure as a disclosed target, not a verified current state. The FY2025 10-K confirms CleanSpark operated 10 wholly-owned TN locations (234 MW / 12.43 EH/s aggregate) as of 2025-09-30, including this site, but discloses no updated per-site MW.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "TVA",
      "notes": "GRIID/CleanSpark sites in Tennessee are serviced by the Tennessee Valley Authority."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-limestone-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Limestone Bitcoin Mining Facility (closed 2026)",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2235,
      "lon": -82.625,
      "city": "Limestone",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2020",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wjhl.com/news/local/bitcoin-mine-would-close-move-in-proposed-lawsuit-settlement/",
        "label": "County OKs Bitcoin mine lawsuit settlement after gaining concessions",
        "publisher": "WJHL Tri-Cities News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/noisy-bitcoin-mine-shuts-down-212411956.html",
        "label": "Noisy Bitcoin mine shuts down in Washington County, TN",
        "publisher": "WJHL / Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-announces-agreement-to-acquire-griid-infrastructure-based-on-an-enterprise-value-of-155-million-and-expansion-plans-of-over-400-mw-in-tennessee-302184116.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Announces Agreement to Acquire GRIID Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Real, well-documented ex-GRIID site (25 MW per a 2020 BrightRidge/Red Dog LLC contract) that CleanSpark inherited in the Oct 2024 GRIID acquisition, but which PERMANENTLY CEASED OPERATIONS on 2026-03-28 under a 2023 Washington County lawsuit settlement over noise/zoning violations. The schema has no 'decommissioned' status; 'cancelled' is used as the closest fit for a shut-down facility. Illustrative of the community-opposition dimension of crypto mining. Cancelled status re-confirmed 2026-09-09: the closure deadline set by the 2023 settlement passed in March 2026 and no source reports the site reopening. capacityMw left unset - a 25 MW figure circulates in search summaries but could not be quoted from any page fetched in this run.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "BrightRidge (TVA)",
      "notes": "Powered under a 2020 BrightRidge (local power distributor) energy contract. Historically ran ~25 MW before the 2026 shutdown."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Shut down 2026-03-28 under a 2023 Washington County lawsuit settlement over noise/zoning violations."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-maynardville-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Maynardville Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2506,
      "lon": -83.7974,
      "city": "Maynardville",
      "county": "Union",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10-31",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-announces-agreement-to-acquire-griid-infrastructure-based-on-an-enterprise-value-of-155-million-and-expansion-plans-of-over-400-mw-in-tennessee-302184116.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Announces Agreement to Acquire GRIID Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Item 2 Properties / Tennessee Operations)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of GRIID Infrastructure's three original Tennessee sites, inherited by CleanSpark when it closed the GRIID acquisition Oct 31, 2024. No site-specific MW disclosed; Tennessee capacity is reported only in aggregate (234 MW / 12.43 EH/s across 10 locations as of 2025-09-30).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "TVA",
      "notes": "GRIID/CleanSpark sites in Tennessee are serviced by the Tennessee Valley Authority."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-meridian-ms",
    "name": "CleanSpark Meridian Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3643,
      "lon": -88.7037,
      "city": "Meridian",
      "county": "Lauderdale",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-02-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-02-06",
        "note": "CleanSpark 8-K discloses a Real Property Purchase and Sale Agreement (via subsidiary CSRE Properties Mississippi, LLC) for a ~5-acre 'Meridian Property,' one of three Mississippi sites in a combined $10,000,000 PSA.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-02-26",
        "note": "The three-site Mississippi acquisition (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins) closed for $19,771K combined, per CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024011571/clsk-20240202.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 8-K, filed 2024-02-06 (Item 1.01, Mississippi Acquisition)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024011571/clsk-ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark Exhibit 99.1 press release: three turnkey bitcoin mining facilities in Mississippi",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of three Mississippi sites (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins) acquired together via subsidiary CSRE Properties Mississippi, LLC (a wholly-owned CleanSpark, Inc. subsidiary — not 'CleanSpark of Georgia, LLC,' an aggregator misattribution that returns zero hits in SEC full-text search) for $19,771K combined, closed 2024-02-26, from an initial $10,000,000 PSA. Combined three-site expected hashrate at announcement was 2.4 EH/s — not attributable per-site, so hashrate/MW is omitted here. CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K discloses Mississippi capacity only in aggregate (63 MW / 2.63 EH/s across 5 locations in 4 cities as of 2025-09-30); no per-site figure is disclosed anywhere. No street address disclosed. Air-cooled bitcoin ASIC mining per the 10-K's blanket description of CleanSpark's Georgia/Mississippi/Tennessee facilities — no AI/HPC evidence. CONFIRMED ABSENCE — no per-site capacityMw exists in CleanSpark's public record for Meridian, Vicksburg or Wiggins. Every disclosed figure is portfolio-level: 2.4 EH/s combined at acquisition, and a Mississippi portfolio of 60.5 MW that also includes two later Clinton-area sites (16.5 MW) NOT tracked as Compute Atlas records. Deriving a per-site MW from 60.5 minus 16.5 divided by three would be arithmetic on an aggregate, so capacityMw is left empty on all three rows deliberately. Filed against the Meridian row to avoid repeating the same negative three times; it applies to all three CleanSpark MS records.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K describes its Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee sites as \"air-cooled\", explicitly contrasted with its immersion-cooled sites in College Park GA and Cheyenne WY. Forced-air ASIC halls with no cooling-water circuit."
    },
    "landAcres": 5,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-mountain-city-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Mountain City Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.4745636,
      "lon": -81.804838,
      "city": "Mountain City",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-08-15/tennessee-town-pushes-back-over-proposed-bitcoin-mine-and-wins",
        "label": "How one rural Tennessee town pushed back over a proposed bitcoin mine and won",
        "publisher": "WUOT News via Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cleanspark-mountain-city-tn",
        "label": "CleanSpark: Mountain City, TN",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Distinct from CleanSpark's ten existing Tennessee sites; Mountain City is in Johnson County in the far northeast corner of the state. Both sources agree on 30 MW and 50 acres in a residential part of town. STATUS IS UNSETTLED AND THE SOURCES CONFLICT: WUOT (2025-08-15) reports city leaders 'beginning to back down' after threats of legal action, while Baxtel's undated summary says the Board of Mayor and Aldermen approved a zoning change and lists the facility as planned for 2027 and still needing further approvals. Recorded as proposed at confidence 'reported' for that reason; no source fetched here shows a building permit or construction start. Context in WUOT's account: Mountain City, population about 2,500, lost its largest employer, a yarn factory, after Hurricane Helene flooding in September 2024, costing over 100 jobs, and CleanSpark SVP Harry Sudock framed the project as replacing that tax base. The utility promised roughly $170,000 in additional annual city tax revenue. Baxtel says CleanSpark plans immersion cooling to mitigate noise; that is a stated intent for an unbuilt site and is deliberately NOT recorded in the mining.coolingType field. Coordinates are the Mountain City town centroid, not the parcel — no source states the site's address or lat/lon.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Mountain Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "landAcres": 50,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "WUOT/LPM (2025-08-15) reports Mountain City leaders courted CleanSpark from February 2025 in closed-door meetings and advanced planning proposals without proper public notice; residents did not learn of the plan until April 2025. A widely circulated petition, hours of public comment and a packed 50-person town hall on 2025-08-07 were firmly opposed, on grounds of noise, halted realty deals and reduced asking prices nearby, plus unaddressed local-government conflicts of interest. Mayor Jerry Jordan said he does not open all constituent messages, only those from people he personally knows, and after threats of legal action said \"I guess we made a mistake.\" Baxtel separately reports the Board of Mayor and Aldermen later approved a zoning change for the site over hundreds of petition signatures.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-new-tazewell-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark New Tazewell Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.4426,
      "lon": -83.5996,
      "city": "New Tazewell",
      "county": "Claiborne",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN sites acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC (see cleanspark-jellico-tn for deal terms). 10-K names the city only as 'Tazewell, TN', which does not disambiguate the unincorporated Tazewell community from the incorporated town of New Tazewell (~3 mi apart) in Claiborne County; coordinates use New Tazewell - confidence downgraded to 'reported' pending disambiguation.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-norcross-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark Norcross Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9412,
      "lon": -84.2135,
      "city": "Norcross",
      "county": "Gwinnett",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021-08-06",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000166357721000387/ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark 8-K Exhibit 99.1, \"CleanSpark Acquires Second Data Center to Increase Bitcoin Mining Capacity\": closed Aug 6, 2021 on ~87,000 sq ft former Sprint/Nextel data center on 7+ acres in Norcross, Georgia, for $6.55M; 20 MW of power",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark FY2025 10-K: \"3,336 S19j Pro miners, which are located at our College Park, GA and Norcross, GA sites\" (confirms site still active as of FY2025)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Acquired Aug 6, 2021 for $6.55M; ~87,000 sq ft former Sprint/Nextel data center, immersion-cooled. Confirmed still operating as of the FY2025 10-K (named as miner-collateral location alongside College Park). 20 MW figure is from the 2021 acquisition announcement, not independently restated in the FY2025 10-K (which only gives the GA aggregate of 620 MW / 15 locations).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-oneida-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Oneida Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.4981,
      "lon": -84.5127,
      "city": "Oneida",
      "county": "Scott",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN sites acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC (see cleanspark-jellico-tn for deal terms). 10-K: 'MIPA 3: Winfield, TN; Oneida, TN; and Tazewell, TN.' Oneida is the Scott County seat.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-sandersville-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark Sandersville Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9807,
      "lon": -82.8071,
      "city": "Sandersville",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-10-08",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark FY2025 10-K, Note 5 — Acquisitions, \"Mawson Infrastructure Group — Sandersville, GA\": lease for ~16.35 acres in Sandersville, Washington County, Georgia, completed Oct 8, 2022, from subsidiaries of Mawson Infrastructure Group, Inc.",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Acquired Oct 8, 2022 from Mawson Infrastructure Group subsidiaries; ~16.35 leased acres plus an additional purchase of the same acreage plus ~10 more acres from the Development Authority of Washington County (per FY2024 10-K). Buyer entity CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC (this same entity later served as buyer for the unrelated Twin City, GA acquisition — entity name is not 1:1 with site name). No per-site MW disclosed in the 10-K; folded into the GA aggregate of 620 MW / 15 locations.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-twin-city-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark Twin City Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5829,
      "lon": -82.1551,
      "city": "Twin City",
      "county": "Emanuel",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-21",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Asset Acquisitions: Georgia acquisition - Twin City, GA)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Brand-new 2025 CleanSpark site (not GRIID-related): on 2025-01-21 subsidiary CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC acquired a bitcoin mining facility in Twin City, GA from Apex Data Centers Inc. for a combined $5.9M. No MW figure disclosed for this specific site; Georgia capacity reported only in aggregate. Sourced solely to the 10-K - a completed SEC-disclosed transaction, no dedicated press release.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-vicksburg-ms",
    "name": "CleanSpark Vicksburg Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3526,
      "lon": -90.8779,
      "city": "Vicksburg",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-02-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-02-06",
        "note": "CleanSpark 8-K discloses a Real Property Purchase and Sale Agreement (via subsidiary CSRE Properties Mississippi, LLC) for a ~5-acre 'Vicksburg Property,' one of three Mississippi sites in a combined $10,000,000 PSA.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-02-26",
        "note": "The three-site Mississippi acquisition (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins) closed for $19,771K combined, per CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024011571/clsk-20240202.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 8-K, filed 2024-02-06 (Item 1.01, Mississippi Acquisition)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024011571/clsk-ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark Exhibit 99.1 press release: three turnkey bitcoin mining facilities in Mississippi",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of three Mississippi sites (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins) acquired together via subsidiary CSRE Properties Mississippi, LLC (a wholly-owned CleanSpark, Inc. subsidiary — not 'CleanSpark of Georgia, LLC,' an aggregator misattribution) for $19,771K combined, closed 2024-02-26, from an initial $10,000,000 PSA. An aggregator's claim of 2.4 EH/s for Vicksburg alone is not credible (it would exceed the entire Mississippi state aggregate) and is not used. CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K discloses Mississippi capacity only in aggregate (63 MW / 2.63 EH/s across 5 locations in 4 cities as of 2025-09-30); no per-site figure is disclosed. No street address disclosed; a secondary claim of a 17,500 sq ft building could not be independently verified and is omitted. Air-cooled bitcoin ASIC mining per the 10-K's blanket description — no AI/HPC evidence.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K describes its Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee sites as \"air-cooled\", explicitly contrasted with its immersion-cooled sites in College Park GA and Cheyenne WY. Forced-air ASIC halls with no cooling-water circuit."
    },
    "landAcres": 5,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-washington-ga",
    "name": "CleanSpark Washington Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7376,
      "lon": -82.7379,
      "city": "Washington",
      "county": "Wilkes",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 86,
      "operational": 36
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-08-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/08/09/2494690/0/en/CleanSpark-Acquires-Plug-in-Ready-Bitcoin-Mining-Facility-Scalable-to-86-Megawatts-or-2-6-EH-s.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark press release: acquisition of Washington, GA facility from Waha Technologies (36 MW built, scalable to 86 MW)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024132565/clsk-20240930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark FY2024 10-K MD&A: \"our Washington and Sandersville locations which were acquired in August 2022 and October 2022, respectively\"",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Acquired Aug 2022 from Waha Technologies Inc. for $16.2M (facility) + $8.9M (~3,400 miners) via subsidiary CSRE Properties Washington, LLC. 36 MW built at acquisition, site scalable to 86 MW; current build-out not separately disclosed in the FY2025 10-K (folded into the GA aggregate of 620 MW / 15 locations). Distinct from Sandersville, GA even though Sandersville sits in Washington County — confirmed as its own city/site via the 10-K's list of GA subsidiaries (CSRE Properties Washington, LLC vs. CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-west-crossville-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark West Crossville Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9487,
      "lon": -85.0269,
      "city": "Crossville",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN sites acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC (see cleanspark-jellico-tn for deal terms). The 10-K names the city only as 'West Crossville, TN'; not a separately mapped postal place, so coordinates are approximated to Crossville's town center (Cumberland County) - a coarse approximation.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-wiggins-ms",
    "name": "CleanSpark Wiggins Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.8508,
      "lon": -89.1284,
      "city": "Wiggins",
      "county": "Stone",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-02-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-02-06",
        "note": "CleanSpark 8-K discloses a Real Property Purchase and Sale Agreement (via subsidiary CSRE Properties Mississippi, LLC) for a ~9-acre 'Wiggins Property,' one of three Mississippi sites in a combined $10,000,000 PSA.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-02-26",
        "note": "The three-site Mississippi acquisition (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins) closed for $19,771K combined, per CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024011571/clsk-20240202.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 8-K, filed 2024-02-06 (Item 1.01, Mississippi Acquisition)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024011571/clsk-ex99_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark Exhibit 99.1 press release: three turnkey bitcoin mining facilities in Mississippi",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-ex21_1.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K, Exhibit 21.1 (Subsidiaries)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended September 30, 2025",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of three Mississippi sites (Meridian, Vicksburg, Wiggins) acquired together via subsidiary CSRE Properties Mississippi, LLC / CleanSpark MS, LLC (both wholly-owned CleanSpark, Inc. subsidiaries per 10-K Exhibit 21.1 — 'CleanSpark of Georgia, LLC' does not exist and is an aggregator misattribution) for $19,771K combined, closed 2024-02-26, from an initial $10,000,000 PSA. CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K discloses Mississippi capacity only in aggregate (63 MW / 2.63 EH/s across 5 locations in 4 cities as of 2025-09-30); no per-site figure is disclosed. A secondary claim of a 10,500 sq ft building could not be independently verified and is omitted. No street address disclosed. Air-cooled bitcoin ASIC mining per the 10-K's blanket description — no AI/HPC evidence.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "CleanSpark's FY2025 10-K describes its Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee sites as \"air-cooled\", explicitly contrasted with its immersion-cooled sites in College Park GA and Cheyenne WY. Forced-air ASIC halls with no cooling-water circuit."
    },
    "landAcres": 9,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleanspark-winfield-tn",
    "name": "CleanSpark Winfield Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.5619,
      "lon": -84.4506,
      "city": "Winfield",
      "county": "Scott",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm",
        "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html",
        "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update",
        "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "One of seven TN sites acquired from Exponential Digital, LLC (see cleanspark-jellico-tn for deal terms). 10-K: 'MIPA 3: Winfield, TN; Oneida, TN; and Tazewell, TN.'",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cleco-rapides-parish-gas-plant-la",
    "name": "Cleco Rapides Parish Combustion Turbine (756 MW)",
    "operator": "Cleco Power",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.3905,
      "lon": -92.6693,
      "county": "Rapides",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 756
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-01",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://thehayride.com/2026/07/cleco-plans-756-mw-gas-plant-alongside-rapides-data-center/",
        "label": "Cleco plans 756-MW gas plant alongside Rapides data center",
        "publisher": "The Hayride",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1012industryreport.com/energy/new-cleco-power-plant-could-support-3-6b-data-center-in-rapides-parish/",
        "label": "New Cleco power plant could support $3.6B data center in Rapides Parish",
        "publisher": "1012 Industry Report",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kalb.com/2026/07/30/cleco-looks-fast-track-new-generator-data-center/",
        "label": "Cleco looks to fast-track new generator for data center",
        "publisher": "KALB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-20",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "Location is approximate (Rapides Parish, near Boyce) — no exact site/parcel name was disclosed in available sources; coverage describes the turbine as being sited on Cleco's existing Rapides Parish generation campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Cleco Power",
      "notes": "Cleco funds the 756 MW plant and argues it is needed regardless of the data center as older units retire; Applied Digital's Delta Forge 1 campus would draw up to 430 MW, the largest single load Cleco Power has served, and pays the full cost of interconnection infrastructure. The plant is expected to operate for about 30 years."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Applied Digital Corporation",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "applied-digital-delta-forge-1-la"
      ],
      "notes": "Cleco filed testimony with the Louisiana Public Service Commission on July 1, 2026 seeking approval to build a new 756 MW natural gas combustion turbine on its existing Rapides Parish generation campus. Driven in large part by Applied Digital's Delta Forge 1 data center load, but Cleco states the plant will serve all Cleco customers, not solely the data center, and cites retiring older units as an independent driver. Applied Digital is expected to cover the plant's and interconnection's costs."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "clenera-wapello-solar-ia",
    "name": "Wapello Solar",
    "operator": "Clēnera",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1530814,
      "lon": -91.175855,
      "county": "Louisa County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-03-08",
        "note": "127.5 MWdc / 100 MWac project near Wapello reached commercial operation, delivering to the grid under a 25-year power purchase agreement with Central Iowa Power Cooperative.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prweb.com/releases/clenera-s-wapello-solar-project-reaches-commercial-operation-861926437.html",
        "label": "Clēnera's Wapello Solar Project Reaches Commercial Operation",
        "publisher": "Clēnera / PRWeb",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/13705201.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap relation 13705201 - Wapello Solar (100 MW, EIA 63378, in service 2021-03-08)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "capacityMw records the 100 MW AC rating that matches EIA-860; the developer's 127.5 MWdc figure is a DC nameplate and the two are not interchangeable. Its offtaker, CIPCO, is the same cooperative behind the tracked Hickory Grove Generating Station.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "landAcres": 800,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "127.5 MWdc nameplate; OpenStreetMap/EIA-860 record 100 MW AC (EIA plant ID 63378). Built on nearly 800 acres with 318,000 bifacial panels on single-axis trackers and 34 inverters; EPC was RES, completed in about six months with roughly 250 peak construction jobs. Offtake is an exclusive 25-year PPA with Central Iowa Power Cooperative, whose adjacent transmission system it interconnects to."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudburst-oklahoma-city-campus-ok",
    "name": "CloudBurst Oklahoma City Campus",
    "operator": "CloudBurst Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4676,
      "lon": -97.5164,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Developer's site shows a Q4 2025 groundbreaking target with 30 MW revenue-generating service in Q4 2026; still pre-construction as of retrieval.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "News 9 reports the campus \"broke ground at the end of 2025\" and is under development on a three-phase schedule: Phase 1 delivering 30 MW at the end of 2026, Phase 2 delivering 50 MW around mid-2027, and Phase 3 completing at the end of 2028 for the full 200 MW across three data centers. This moves the record past 'proposed'.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudburstdc.com/oklahoma-city/",
        "label": "CloudBurst Data Centers — Oklahoma City campus",
        "publisher": "CloudBurst Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma?",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/cloudburst-data-center-campus-okc",
        "label": "What to know about OKC CloudBurst data center campus",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "200 MW IT load across a planned multi-building campus reported near 2000 S Council Rd. Coordinates are an Oklahoma City centroid approximation. Oklahoma City's 2026 data-center moratorium is reported to have affected the timeline.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Developer markets the campus as 'behind-the-meter' power infrastructure with N+1 redundancy."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudburst-san-marcos-tx",
    "name": "CloudBurst San Marcos GigaCenter",
    "operator": "CloudBurst Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.88,
      "lon": -97.94,
      "city": "San Marcos",
      "county": "Hays",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site natural gas (Energy Transfer Oasis Pipeline, up to 1.2 GW behind-the-meter)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "CloudBurst announces GigaCenter concept for Central Texas between Austin and San Antonio.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Groundbreaking November 5, 2025 following development approvals and incentive agreements. First 50 MW phase targeted Q4 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cloudburst-breaks-ground-on-gigawatt-scale-data-center-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "CloudBurst breaks ground on gigawatt-scale data center campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://evolveincorporated.com/company-news/cloudburst-and-evolve-break-ground-on-1-2gw-flagship-ai-data-center-campus-incentral-texas",
        "label": "CloudBurst and Evolve break ground on 1.2 GW flagship AI campus in Central Texas",
        "publisher": "eVOLVE Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://therealdeal.com/texas/2026/05/01/cloudburst-secures-tax-breaks-for-central-texas-data-center/",
        "label": "Cloudburst secures incentives for $14B central-Texas data center",
        "publisher": "The Real Deal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://communityimpact.com/san-antonio/government/guadalupe-county-commissioners-vote-down-500m-tax-cut-for-proposed-data-center-in-new-braunfels/",
        "label": "Guadalupe County commissioners vote down $500M tax cut for proposed data center",
        "publisher": "Community Impact",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260819033742/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/706-acre-data-center-approved-for-development-outside-san-antonio-texas/",
        "label": "706-acre data center approved for development outside San Antonio, Texas (Internet Archive snapshot of DCD)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "706-acre campus spanning Hays and Guadalupe counties; coordinates use San Marcos city area as centroid. Developed with Evolve Holdings as construction manager. 10-12 hyperscale buildings totaling ~3 million sq ft planned. Tenant not publicly confirmed. Investment total not confirmed in available sources; $14.5B figure removed as unsupported. Guadalupe County commissioners rejected a $500M abatement 3-2 on Feb 24, 2026, then approved a revised abatement on April 21, 2026; county records peg total campus investment at $14.5B (Hays County, home to 77.5 of the 220 abated acres, took no abatement action).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "10-year gas supply agreement with Energy Transfer Oasis Pipeline (up to 450,000 MMBtu/day, sufficient for approximately 1.2 GW per Energy Transfer). Developer reversed original pledge to use only renewables after signing gas contract. Three 400 MW phases planned."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.024,
      "notes": "24,000 gallons/day direct facility water use disclosed to county commissioners."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Chapter 312 property-tax abatement, 10-year term (estimated ~$500M value)",
        "jurisdiction": "Guadalupe County, TX",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 14500000000,
    "landAcres": 706,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 480,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Guadalupe County Commissioners approved 10-year tiered property tax abatement 3-2 on April 22, 2026. Concerns raised about reversal of renewables commitment.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudhq-lc1-va",
    "name": "CloudHQ LC1",
    "operator": "CloudHQ",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0102471,
      "lon": -77.4626713,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/virginia/ashburn/cloudhq-lc1/",
        "label": "CloudHQ facility directory",
        "publisher": "CloudHQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/794147654",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/794147654",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Two-phase facility (LC1A entered service 2018, LC1B 2022) at 21955 Loudoun County Pkwy, part of CloudHQ's LC Campus. Corroborated by CloudHQ's own campus page and datacentermap.com/datacenterhawk listings.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudhq-lc3-va",
    "name": "CloudHQ LC3",
    "operator": "CloudHQ",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0112123,
      "lon": -77.4604251,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudhq.com/campus/lc-campus/",
        "label": "CloudHQ facility directory",
        "publisher": "CloudHQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1443187163",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1443187163",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "44631 Waxpool Rd, Ashburn. CloudHQ's own LC Campus page states LC3 (and LC4) are 'currently under construction'.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudhq-manassas-mcc-va",
    "name": "CloudHQ Manassas MCC Campus",
    "operator": "CloudHQ",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7196,
      "lon": -77.4982,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 382
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Seven-building, 2.2 million sq ft campus planned south of Routes 28 and 234 intersection in Manassas",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "MCC7 construction commenced mid-2025 (expected RFS Q3 2026); MCC5 site-plan approved and ready for development",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudhq.com/campus/mcc-campus/",
        "label": "CloudHQ MCC Campus — Manassas, Virginia",
        "publisher": "CloudHQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11430643/cloudhq-unveils-massive-new-manassas-data-center",
        "label": "CloudHQ Unveils Massive New Manassas Data Center — Data Center Frontier",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pwcgov.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=pwcgov_c58bb783a384db5f364a5c3162dce923.pdf&view=1",
        "label": "Prince William County Planning Commission — MCC-7 proffer amendment (REZ2024-00025)",
        "publisher": "Prince William County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wjla.com/news/local/prince-william-county-digital-gateway-datacenter-appeal-lawsuit-rezoning-rural-farmland-manassas-battlefield-community-opposition-judges-construction-halted-developer-qts-compass-blackstone-supreme-virginia-economy-environment-landuse",
        "label": "Legal battle over Prince William Digital Gateway data-center campus — WJLA",
        "publisher": "WJLA ABC7",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Seven-building campus; 382 MW total planned critical IT load; 96 MW currently available. Coordinates sourced directly from CloudHQ website (38.71955, -77.49819). Connects via Manassas Fiber Highway to CloudHQ's MDC campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy (Clover Hill substation)",
      "notes": "Served via Dominion Energy's Clover Hill substation (300 MVA); a local distribution cooperative is reported to supply part of the campus. On-site backup is diesel only (28 generators at the first building)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "The first building (MCC1) uses a waterless air-side design — 152 Kyoto Cooling heat-wheel units driving PUE below 1.2; cooling for later buildings is not confirmed. The campus is within the Prince William Water service area."
    },
    "landAcres": 100,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The campus opened in 2017 in a pre-designated data-center overlay zone away from the contested Manassas Battlefield corridor, and a 2025 proffer amendment for a new building was recommended for approval with no documented site-specific opposition. But Prince William County is a national data-center flashpoint — the nearby 'Digital Gateway' rezoning was voided by the Virginia Court of Appeals in 2026 after community litigation. CloudHQ is eligible for Virginia's data-center sales-and-use tax exemption, but state law bars disclosure of recipients and amounts.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudhq-mount-prospect-ord-il",
    "name": "CloudHQ Mount Prospect (ORD) Campus",
    "operator": "CloudHQ",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.055,
      "lon": -87.935,
      "city": "Mount Prospect",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-08",
        "note": "Groundbreaking with ComEd on hyperscale campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Village board approved a revised plan consolidating the original three two-story buildings into two three-story buildings plus a second electrical substation. First building targeted for 2027, second for end of 2030.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Mid-permitting the revised design (~3,700 drawing sheets, 1,500+ pages of structural calcs); village hired outside firm HR Green to review it. Cranes active on the fenced 50-acre site as of January 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cloudhq-breaks-ground-on-15-million-sq-ft-campus-in-mount-prospect-illinois/",
        "label": "CloudHQ breaks ground on 1.5 million sq ft campus in Mount Prospect, Illinois",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/featured/article/11427128/cloudhq-breaks-ground-on-25-billion-chicago-data-center-campus",
        "label": "CloudHQ Breaks Ground on $2.5 Billion Chicago Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyenergyinsider.com/innovation/36434-comed-joins-with-cloudhq-to-build-2-5b-data-center-in-northern-illinois/",
        "label": "ComEd joins with CloudHQ to build $2.5B data center in northern Illinois",
        "publisher": "Daily Energy Insider",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20251117/news/mount-prospect-data-center-developer-prepared-to-donate-3-million-for-recreation-street-upgrades/",
        "label": "Mount Prospect data center developer prepared to donate $3 million for recreation, street upgrades",
        "publisher": "Daily Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260716/news/mount-prospect-hires-outside-firm-to-handle-data-center-permitting/",
        "label": "Mount Prospect hires outside firm to handle data center permitting",
        "publisher": "Daily Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "$2.5B, ~1.5 million sq ft across three two-story hyperscale buildings (each >80 MW) on a 49.7-acre site; ComEd grid partnership. Update: the village board approved a revised plan (~Oct 2025) consolidating the original three two-story buildings into two three-story buildings plus a second electrical substation, superseding the building-count description above; confirmed delivery targets are the first building in 2027 and the second by end of 2030. As of July 2026, CloudHQ was mid-permitting the revised design (~3,700 drawing sheets, 1,500+ pages of structural calcs); the village hired outside firm HR Green to review it. Construction is active, with cranes on the fenced 50-acre site as of January 2026. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Could not get past a paywall/block for the Daily Herald's Mount Prospect coverage or the original CloudHQ groundbreaking press release (both 403'd). Notable circumstantial signal: the Village of Mount Prospect maintains its own dedicated 'Community Information and Fact Check Portal' page specifically for this project (URL found via search, itself 403'd on fetch), which typically indicates the village has been fielding enough resident questions/concerns to warrant an official FAQ/rebuttal page -- but I could not retrieve its actual content, so I am not asserting a status from an inference I couldn't verify. Also found (via search, not independently fetched) reporting that Illinois data-center opposition broadly 'escalates' statewide and that the village sought outside help on Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA)-related permitting questions, neither of which I could confirm as specific to community opposition at this site. Reporting 'unknown' rather than guessing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2500000000,
    "landAcres": 49.7,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudhq-msp-campus-chaska-mn",
    "name": "CloudHQ MSP Campus (Chaska)",
    "operator": "CloudHQ",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.81068,
      "lon": -93.63557,
      "city": "Chaska",
      "county": "Carver",
      "street": "2007 Schoolmaster Dr",
      "postalCode": "55318",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-10-21",
        "note": "City Council approved the preliminary site plan/plat on 2024-10-21; the conditional use permit was approved 2023-10-16. Final site plan/plat approval is still outstanding.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudhq.com/campus/msp-campus/",
        "label": "CloudHQ — MSP Campus specifications (200 MW critical IT load, 1,100,000 SF)",
        "publisher": "CloudHQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chaskamn.gov/841/Cloud-HQ",
        "label": "City of Chaska — Cloud HQ project page (approval dates, water use, no subsidies)",
        "publisher": "City of Chaska, Minnesota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=2007+Schoolmaster+Drive%2C+Chaska%2C+MN&format=json&limit=2&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — 2007 Schoolmaster Drive, Chaska, Carver County, MN 55318",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "CloudHQ markets the campus as \"200 MWs Total Critical IT Load\" across \"one or two data centers\" totalling \"1,100,000 SF\"; the City of Chaska describes a \"Data center totaling approximately 1.5 million square feet in the West Creek Corporate Center\" at 2007 Schoolmaster Dr. Chaska states \"Cloud HQ has not applied for, and the City of Chaska has not offered, any form of tax relief or other subsidies.\" Coordinates are CloudHQ's own published campus point (44.81068, -93.63557), which sits ~200 m from the OSM point for the city-stated street address. Distinct from the two Chaska sites already tracked (Flexential MSP01 at 3500 Lyman Blvd and LightEdge at 1708 W Creek Ln).",
    "water": {
      "notes": "The City of Chaska states \"The anticipated water use for Cloud HQ is 14 million gallons per year\" — recorded as published (annual), not converted to a daily figure."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-carlton-kewaunee-county-wi",
    "name": "Cloverleaf Carlton Data Center Site (Kewaunee County)",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.35,
      "lon": -87.58,
      "city": "Carlton",
      "county": "Kewaunee",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Cloverleaf stopped pursuing farmland in the town of Carlton in late 2025 after town leadership and residents opposed it.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/01/wisconsin-data-center-kewaunee-county-town-carlton-cloverleaf-nuclear-power/",
        "label": "Kewaunee County town staves off interest from data center developers",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Cloverleaf sought to assemble farmland near the retired Kewaunee Power Station. Acreage and megawatt capacity were never disclosed. Coordinates are a town-level locator, not a parcel. Distinct from the separate EnergySolutions/WEC new-nuclear proposal at the Kewaunee Power Station site itself.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Town chairman David Hardtke: 'People in the town of Carlton do not want the AI (data) center.' Opposition centered on farmland preservation; some residents favored the economic development.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-cherry-blossom-frenchtown-mi",
    "name": "Project Cherry Blossom",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.988,
      "lon": -83.386,
      "city": "Frenchtown Township",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cherryblossomdatacenter.com/faqs/",
        "label": "FAQs - Project Cherry Blossom",
        "publisher": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cherryblossomdatacenter.com/",
        "label": "Project Cherry Blossom - home",
        "publisher": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Proposed on the former ProMedica Hospital site off I-75 and North Dixie Highway, Frenchtown Township; site is zoned Planned Unit Development, allowing industrial use. ~200 acres; preliminary plans include a pedestrian/bike path and landscaped berms/tree buffers along North Dixie Highway. Cloverleaf's own FAQ describes it as still 'in the development phase' with a taxable investment of 'more than $1B' but does not disclose a MW capacity figure. Cloverleaf is already tracked elsewhere (MO, OK) as a data-center developer. Note: Cloverleaf's own FAQ page refers to the project once as 'Project Ironwood' -- unclear whether this is the same project under an earlier working name or a distinct nearby Cloverleaf site (a 'Project Ironwood' near Dundee/Milan Townships in the same county has been reported separately elsewhere); treated as one record here pending disambiguation in a future pass. Coordinates are an approximate Frenchtown Township / former-hospital-site estimate, not parcel-geocoded. Confirmed absence for capacityMw: the developer states publicly that the site's available power has not yet been determined, so no MW figure exists to record rather than one being missed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "DTE Energy"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer FAQ: closed-loop cooling requiring a one-time fill; daily use described as comparable to a typical office building."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1500,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Cloverleaf held a public informational meeting with Frenchtown Township; broader community reception not independently confirmed this session."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-ironwood-dundee-township-mi",
    "name": "Project Ironwood",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9319902,
      "lon": -83.6371591,
      "city": "Dundee",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-21",
        "note": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure opened pre-development agreement discussions with Dundee Township; project website launched for a site with Day Road to the north.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Cloverleaf withdrew its pre-development agreement after Milan Township and the Dundee Village Council declined the development agreement, cutting the project off from public water and sewer.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ironwooddatacenter.com/faqs/",
        "label": "Project Ironwood — FAQs (developer project site)",
        "publisher": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Dundee%20Township%2C%20Monroe%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Dundee Township, Monroe County, Michigan (township-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Separate Cloverleaf Infrastructure site from the tracked Project Cherry Blossom in Frenchtown Township — different township, different project name, and Ironwood was withdrawn in October 2025 while Cherry Blossom remains live. Acreage figures (~350 acres) appear only in third-party summaries and are deliberately omitted; the developer FAQ does not state acreage. Coordinates are a township-level geocode.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer FAQ: \"closed-loop cooling system, which requires a one-time fill and therefore uses significantly less water than older and less advanced data centers\"; day-to-day water use described as domestic only."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-project-open-sky-piedmont-ok",
    "name": "Cloverleaf Project Open Sky",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7,
      "lon": -97.8,
      "city": "Piedmont",
      "county": "Canadian",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/powered-land-company-cloverleaf-proposing-633-acre-data-center-in-canadian-county-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Powered land company Cloverleaf proposing 633-acre data center in Canadian County, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kfor.com/news/local/piedmont-planning-commission-encourages-city-council-to-deny-data-center-proposal/",
        "label": "Piedmont planning commission encourages city council to deny data center proposal",
        "publisher": "KFOR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oklahomawatch.org/2026/06/26/a-transmission-line-built-to-fix-grid-congestion-has-become-oklahomas-hottest-data-center-address/",
        "label": "A Transmission Line Built to Fix Grid Congestion Has Become Oklahoma's Hottest Data Center Address",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://morethanjustparks.com/data-center-tracker/cloverleaf-piedmont-campus-project-open-sky-ok--0430ed6d-6b23-4a03-adc5-c1b5b9b66391",
        "label": "Cloverleaf Piedmont Campus (Project Open Sky) — Data Center Tracker",
        "publisher": "More Than Just Parks Data Center Tracker",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://okcfox.com/news/local/commission-urges-council-to-deny-cloverleaf-plan-beltline-energy-vote-delayed-for-review",
        "label": "Commission urges council to deny Cloverleaf plan; Beltline Energy vote delayed for review",
        "publisher": "KOKH FOX 25",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.radiooklahomanews.com/post/piedmont-data-center-proposal-heads-to-city-council-vote-tonight",
        "label": "Piedmont Data Center Proposal Heads To City Council Vote Tonight",
        "publisher": "Radio Oklahoma News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "630-acre proposed data campus near the Mathewson Substation, NW 248th Street, Piedmont (Canadian/Kingfisher county line) — part of a transmission corridor drawing multiple competing proposals; see beltline-piedmont-kingfisher-county-ok (this same batch), a separate, distinct 321-acre Beltline Energy site nearby — do not conflate despite both being in Piedmont. Closed-loop cooling planned. Cloverleaf recently withdrew from two Wisconsin data center projects after local opposition (context, not this project). Reported as 'over $1 billion taxable investment' (DCD) — read as a tax-abatement eligibility threshold rather than a confirmed capex figure, so not populated as investmentUsd.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Project Open Sky is planned to use a closed-loop cooling system to greatly reduce water use."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 630,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Piedmont Planning Commission recommended the City Council DENY the 'Project Open Sky' PUD rezoning pending additional information; Council vote rescheduled to late July 2026 — approval not yet granted as of this writing."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-red-clay-lowndes-al",
    "name": "Project Red Clay",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.2700221,
      "lon": -86.5128035,
      "county": "Lowndes",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://redclaydatacenter.com/",
        "label": "Home - Project Red Clay (developer's project site)",
        "publisher": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsfa.com/2026/06/04/cloverleaf-responds-lowndes-county-data-center-concerns-after-weeks-resident-pushback/",
        "label": "Cloverleaf responds to Lowndes County data center concerns after weeks of resident pushback (4 June 2026)",
        "publisher": "WSFA 12 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.route-fifty.com/artificial-intelligence/2026/08/lowndes-county-residents-demand-transparency-hyperscale-data-center-development/415617/",
        "label": "Lowndes County residents demand transparency in hyperscale data center development (25 Aug 2026)",
        "publisher": "Route Fifty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://yellowhammernews.com/mystery-data-center-could-receive-30-year-tax-break-beside-sacred-selma-march-ground/",
        "label": "Mystery data center could receive 30-year tax break beside sacred Selma march ground",
        "publisher": "Yellowhammer News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter",
        "label": "Overpass API query confirming the U.S. 80 / Alabama 21 junction in Lowndes County at 32.2700221, -86.5128035 (OSM ways 7795301 \"AL 21\", 107723832 \"US 80;AL 21\", 990934473 \"US 80\")",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Overpass API",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbhm.org/local-news/2026-08-22/proposed-data-centers-could-use-more-electricity-than-all-alabama-homes-combined-who-will-pay",
        "label": "Proposed data centers could use more electricity than all Alabama homes combined. Who will pay?",
        "publisher": "WBHM 90.3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "SUBSIDY — CONFIRMED ABSENCE AS OF 24 JULY 2026: Yellowhammer News reports that no formal abatement request had been filed as of that date, and that the granting body would be the Lowndes County Commission. Under legislation signed by Gov. Kay Ivey in April 2026, an abatement approved before 1 January 2027 could run up to 30 years; after that date the maximum is 20 years. No dollar amount has been stated by any source, so no subsidies entry is recorded. NO NAMED TENANT: Cloverleaf is described by Yellowhammer as a Houston- and Seattle-based speculative developer assembling land for an unnamed future operator; aiClassification is therefore \"likely\", not confirmed. CONFLICTING FIGURES, recorded rather than reconciled: investment is \"$1.5 billion\" per WSFA and Route Fifty (\"at least $1.5 billion in the development stage\") but the developer's own site says \"Over a $1 billion taxable investment in Lowndes County\". Jobs: the developer's site says \"Over 1,000 high-paying construction jobs\" and \"at least 50 full-time jobs\" once operational; other coverage this run could not fetch cites 1,000-1,500 construction and over 200 permanent — the developer's own lower figures are recorded here. Footprint: \"more than 800 acres in northeast Lowndes County\" and \"2.88 million square feet\" (Yellowhammer). ZONING: reporting notes Cloverleaf could buy and develop here because Lowndes County has no planning or zoning authority. Coordinates are the OSM-confirmed U.S. 80 / AL 21 junction that WSFA names as the site vicinity — NOT a parcel boundary; the actual footprint is somewhere in northeast Lowndes County near that junction. Inside Climate News and WBHM coverage of this project returned HTTP 403 to both WebFetch and curl in this run and is therefore not cited.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "Route Fifty: \"The facility has requested 1,500 megawatts of energy capacity from Alabama Power.\" WSFA reports the site sits \"underneath a 500 kV electrical line\" near the U.S. 80 / Alabama 21 intersection, and that the company was still finalizing power contracts as of 4 June 2026. Cloverleaf states on its project site that it will fund the necessary electric-service upgrades itself."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.1,
      "notes": "Developer's project site states the building \"will only use as much water as an office building on a day-to-day basis\" and uses \"a closed-loop cooling system requiring a one-time fill\" — an explicitly recirculating circuit, hence closed_loop. Separately, a Cloverleaf representative told WSFA: \"The most amount of water that we've asked for for consumption is 100,000 gallons of water per day.\" That is a requested maximum, not metered use, so it is NOT recorded as reportedMgd. The Pintlala Water System is named as the supplier in secondary coverage this run could not fetch (Inside Climate News and WBHM both returned 403), so the supplier name is deliberately omitted."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 800,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Route Fifty (25 Aug 2026): \"About 350 people signed the group's petition demanding more transparency from the commission\" — the group is Protect Lowndes County, which filed an open-records request on 27 July 2026 seeking project documentation and entity lists. WSFA (4 June 2026) records a resident telling the developer \"We're from Lowndes County...Go home. We don't want you,\" alongside concerns about water use, power bills, noise and transparency. A separate campaign site (45strong.net) titled \"Cloverleaf, withdraw from Lowndes County\" appeared in search results but was NOT fetched in this run and is not cited. Yellowhammer News notes the site is \"half a mile from a field where Selma-to-Montgomery marchers camped in 1965\" and that the access road is the Robert \"Bob\" Mants Jr. Memorial Highway.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-troy-il",
    "name": "Cloverleaf Troy Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.719,
      "lon": -89.913,
      "city": "Troy",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "No special-use permit application had been filed as of February 2026; site moved from farmland north of the interstate to farmland off Formosa Road after church-proximity objections.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.troyil.us/DocumentCenter/View/2026/20260107-Troy-Informative-Slides---No-Site",
        "label": "Proposed Data Center Informational Meeting — Cloverleaf Infrastructure (City of Troy presentation)",
        "publisher": "City of Troy, Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/troy-residents-grill-city-developer-110000674.html",
        "label": "Troy residents grill city, developer about data centers. What did they learn?",
        "publisher": "Belleville News-Democrat (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Four data center buildings plus substation, office and warehouse proposed on farmland off Formosa Road near Collinsville Road. Cloverleaf is a powered-land developer; no end tenant has been named. A permanent-jobs estimate of 100-200 was given as a range and is not recorded as a single value. Coordinates are derived from the mapped road intersection and are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ameren Illinois",
      "notes": "Developer has requested 500 MW from Ameren, which is studying whether the grid can support the load; Cloverleaf states the data center will pay for all required generation and transmission upgrades."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.032,
      "notes": "Closed-loop recycled-water cooling with an initial fill of about 1 million gallons and roughly 32,000 gallons per day ongoing. Cloverleaf's municipal presentation states no groundwater wells would be used, domestic water only."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "About 400 residents attended a 4.5-hour City of Troy meeting in February 2026; petitions circulated against the project while union representatives spoke in support.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-troy-mo",
    "name": "Cloverleaf Troy Campus",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9784,
      "lon": -90.9832,
      "city": "Troy",
      "county": "Lincoln",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure planning a 500 MW campus near Troy, Lincoln County (near St. Louis); construction from early 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/latest-list-new-ai-proposed-upcoming-data-center-projects-missouri-usa",
        "label": "List of upcoming data center projects in Missouri",
        "publisher": "Blackridge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "500 MW full-buildout campus near Troy, Lincoln County (near St. Louis); construction from early 2027. Single-tracker source → confidence reported. Coordinates are the Troy area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cloverleaf-wrightstown-village-wi",
    "name": "Cloverleaf Wrightstown Data Center Inquiry (Village of Wrightstown)",
    "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.3269,
      "lon": -88.1631,
      "city": "Wrightstown",
      "county": "Brown",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure inquired about village land for a data center; village held a public information meeting May 31, 2026 and placed a non-binding referendum on the August 2026 ballot.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2026/06/01/data-center-wrightstown-meeting",
        "label": "Wrightstown hosts public meeting as data centers target village land",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 Wisconsin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-ai-data-center-land-big-tech-wrightstown-voters-opposition-opinion/",
        "label": "Wisconsin voters push back on AI data center development",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "No formal application has been filed and no acreage or megawatt figure has been published for this jurisdiction; the record captures a live, sourced siting inquiry that the village itself acted on. Village officials denied at spring 2026 meetings that they had seen a proposal; emails later showed communication with Cloverleaf since January 2026. Related to but distinct from the Village of Greenleaf / Town of Wrightstown site Cloverleaf abandoned in January 2026 — a human reviewer should confirm they are separate parcels before publishing both. Coordinates are a municipality-level locator.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "In the Aug. 11, 2026 non-binding referendum nearly 9 in 10 Wrightstown voters opposed data center development. The village board approved a pause in June 2026 and unanimously extended the moratorium to a year in July 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cnx-zediker-station-south-strabane-washington-county-pa",
    "name": "Zediker Station Data Center Site",
    "operator": "CNX Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.156,
      "lon": -80.19,
      "city": "South Strabane Township",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-20",
        "note": "CNX and JLL announced marketing of the 1,500-acre Zediker Station site for data center development.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/jll-announces-major-data-center-development-site-in-washington",
        "label": "JLL announces major data center development site in Washington County, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "JLL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "1,500-acre CNX-owned, industrially zoned site in South Strabane Township about 20 miles southwest of Pittsburgh, with 400 buildable acres, marketed for lease/development with JLL. No tenant or operator has publicly committed, and South Strabane Township was still finalizing a data center ordinance as of early 2026 — this is a marketed development site, not an approved facility.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Marketed for 500–700 MW of on-site generation using natural gas blended with Remediated Mine Gas (methane captured from coal mine ventilation), which the owners describe as achieving carbon-neutral power generation. A single planned MW value is not stated, so onSiteGenerationMw is omitted."
    },
    "landAcres": 1500,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Washington County Board of Commissioners Chair Nick Sherman is quoted endorsing the project at its announcement (2026-09-10 check of a JLL newsroom release). No opposition or resident concerns documented. Checked: real-estate broker's announcement release only.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coachella-valley-technology-campus-ca",
    "name": "Coachella Valley Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Stronghold Power Systems",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.671181,
      "lon": -116.169492,
      "city": "Coachella",
      "county": "Riverside",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-11",
        "note": "Coachella City Council approved a conceptual Municipal Utility Development Agreement with Coachella Valley Power Services LLC, a Stronghold Power Systems subsidiary; the project never reached the Planning Commission for its own land-use entitlements.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06-04",
        "note": "City Council unanimously terminated the Stronghold utility agreement and approved a 45-day data-center moratorium after sustained community opposition. The moratorium was extended roughly 10.5 months on 2026-07-08, and the Planning Commission recommended a permanent citywide data-center ban (two conditions attached) on 2026-07-15, with Council adoption votes scheduled for 2026-08-12 and 2026-08-26.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcpalmsprings.com/2026/05/12/coachella-residents-pack-town-hall-over-proposed-ai-data-center-raising-alarms-about-water-power-costs-and-transparency",
        "label": "Coachella residents pack town hall over proposed 'AI data center,' raising alarms about water, power costs and transparency",
        "publisher": "NBC Palm Springs",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://riversiderecord.org/coachella-valley-data-center-town-hall/",
        "label": "Coachella Valley data center town hall",
        "publisher": "Riverside Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kvcr.org/news/local/2026-05-28/coachella-considers-moratorium-on-data-centers-as-community-pushes-back-against-proposed-tech-campus",
        "label": "Coachella considers moratorium on data centers as community pushes back against proposed tech campus",
        "publisher": "KVCR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcpalmsprings.com/2026/06/04/coachella-approves-data-center-moratorium-ends-stronghold-power-agreement",
        "label": "Coachella approves data center moratorium, ends Stronghold power agreement",
        "publisher": "NBC Palm Springs",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kesq.com/news/2026/06/04/coachella-moves-closer-to-permanent-data-center-ban-as-it-approves-moratorium-and-terminates-agreement-with-developer/",
        "label": "Coachella moves closer to permanent data center ban as it approves moratorium and terminates agreement with developer",
        "publisher": "KESQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gpsbusinessinsider.com/coachella-power-strategy/",
        "label": "Coachella's power strategy",
        "publisher": "GPS Business Insider",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dmkprojects.com/coachella-valley-technology-campus/",
        "label": "Coachella Valley Technology Campus - project page",
        "publisher": "DMK Project Solutions Services",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kesq.com/news/2026/07/08/coachella-city-council-to-extends-45-day-data-center-moratorium-in-preparation-of-permanent-ban/",
        "label": "Coachella City Council extends 45-day data center moratorium in preparation of permanent ban",
        "publisher": "KESQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcpalmsprings.com/2026/07/16/coachella-planning-commission-recommends-permanent-data-center-ban-with-two-conditions-attached",
        "label": "Coachella Planning Commission recommends permanent data center ban with two conditions attached",
        "publisher": "NBC Palm Springs",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "450-acre, two-phase project (Phase 1: 240 acres, reportedly 270-300 MW across three to six buildings - sources disagree on the building count; Phase 2: 210 acres, up to roughly 600 MW combined) near the Fillmore Street and Avenue 52 intersection in eastern Coachella. Status recorded as cancelled as the closest schema fit: the city's only concrete agreement with the developer was terminated by City Council on 2026-06-04 and the city is one to two votes (2026-08-12, 2026-08-26) from a permanent data-center ban, though the developer has not formally withdrawn. Re-check after the August 2026 council votes. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found anywhere - both the developer and press use generic 'data center'/'technology campus' language; the NBC headline's 'AI data center' phrasing is journalistic shorthand, not developer marketing. Planned around three microgrids and an energy center under a self-supplied municipal-utility model (Coachella Valley Power Services LLC, a Stronghold subsidiary; DMK Project Solutions Services is the named project-management partner); the Imperial Irrigation District separately projected approximately $42M in municipal-utility infrastructure financing - not project capex, so investmentUsd is left unset. Capacity is disclosed only as a range and jobs only as vague estimates ('hundreds of local jobs'), so both are omitted from structured fields per this dataset's range-omit convention. Only cross-streets are known (Fillmore Street and Avenue 52) - no parcel address confirmed. Coordinates are an approximate road-segment geocode (Avenue 52), not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "landAcres": 450,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Hundreds attended town halls over water use, power costs, air quality, noise, farmland loss, and proximity to Valle del Sol Elementary (about 2 miles). Former Mayor Steven Hernandez, a recipient of Stronghold campaign donations, pleaded guilty to a felony conflict-of-interest charge in 2026. No lawsuit found (unlike the already-tracked IVCM facility in Imperial County). Neighboring Indio is independently pursuing its own data-center ban as part of a regional trend.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cobalt-cheyenne-las-vegas-nv",
    "name": "Cobalt Cheyenne Data Center",
    "operator": "Cobalt Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2183822,
      "lon": -115.26296,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "7710 W. Cheyenne Ave",
      "postalCode": "89129",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2013-02-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2013-02-07",
        "note": "Ribbon-cutting reported by Data Center Knowledge; still listed as operational on dcmap.us in 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/business/cobalt-opens-cheyenne-data-center-in-las-vegas",
        "label": "Cobalt Opens Cheyenne Data Center in Las Vegas - 34,000 sq ft, 5.5 MW of critical power",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/nevada/",
        "label": "Nevada data center directory - Cobalt Data Centers Cheyenne, 7710 W. Cheyenne, Las Vegas, NV 89129",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/markets/las-vegas/",
        "label": "dcmap.us Las Vegas market listing - Cobalt Cheyenne, operational",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "34,000 sq ft, Tier III-compliant, capacity for more than 450 cabinets, 9.0 MVA of generation and 4.5 MVA of UPS. Operator is recorded as Cobalt Data Centers - the entity that built and opened the site per the cited 2013 press report. dcmap.us currently attributes the facility to T5 Data Centers; that change of ownership could not be confirmed from a primary source this session, so it is flagged here rather than asserted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cogent-650-poydras-new-orleans-la",
    "name": "Cogent Communications New Orleans (650 Poydras)",
    "operator": "Cogent Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.9496125,
      "lon": -90.0699355,
      "city": "New Orleans",
      "county": "Orleans",
      "street": "650 Poydras St",
      "postalCode": "70130",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.75
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/new-orleans",
        "label": "New Orleans Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=650+Poydras+St+New+Orleans+LA&format=json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: 650 Poydras Street, New Orleans",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=New%20Orleans",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 12396 (New Orleans)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=LA&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility records for Louisiana (fac 12396, Cogent New Orleans)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Small telecom colocation/carrier-hotel site in the New Orleans CBD. Existence, operator and street address independently CONFIRMED 2026-09-10 against PeeringDB, the operator-maintained interconnection registry, which lists facility 12396 \"Cogent New Orleans\" at 650 Poydras St under Cogent Communications, Inc. — the record no longer rests on an aggregator listing alone. The 0.75 MW figure remains aggregator-sourced (Baxtel) and is not corroborated by PeeringDB. Not identified as AI/hyperscale use in any source found.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cogent-akron-summit-county-oh",
    "name": "Cogent Data Center Akron",
    "operator": "Cogent Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0876,
      "lon": -81.5183,
      "city": "Akron",
      "county": "Summit",
      "street": "120 North Broadway Street",
      "postalCode": "44304",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cogentco.com/en/cogent-cleveland/471-akron-dc",
        "label": "Cogent Communications -- Akron Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cogent Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalakron.org/where-7-data-centers-operate-in-summit-county-and-why-it-matters/",
        "label": "Where 7 data centers operate in Summit County and why it matters",
        "publisher": "Signal Akron",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sdxcentral.com/news/cogent-puts-four-data-centers-up-for-sale-in-us/",
        "label": "Cogent Puts Four Data Centers Up for Sale in US",
        "publisher": "SDxCentral",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cogent-communications-announces-closing-of-sale-of-10-data-center-facilities-302813574.html",
        "label": "Cogent Communications Announces Closing of Sale of 10 Data Center Facilities",
        "publisher": "Cogent Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Located in the Cascade Valley neighborhood. Capacity (5.0 MW total / 4.41 MW usable) is press-sourced (Avison Young sale/lease listing via Data Center Dynamics/SDxCentral, Feb 2025), not disclosed on Cogent's own operator page. The facility was marketed for sale/lease as of Feb 2025 (asking $44.1M -- a real-estate listing price, not a capex investment figure) but was confirmed NOT part of Cogent's June 2026 10-facility sale to I Squared Capital; Cogent's own site continues to advertise active colocation service here.",
    "landAcres": 2.6,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cogent-cheyenne-114-w-10th-wy",
    "name": "Cogent Cheyenne Data Center",
    "operator": "Cogent Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1278101,
      "lon": -104.8110116,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "street": "114 W 10th Street",
      "postalCode": "82007",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Cogent's wholesale colocation datasheet describes the facility as an operating carrier-neutral data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cogentco.com/files/docs/wholesale_colocation/Cheyenne_Wholesale_2025.pdf",
        "label": "Cogent Wholesale Colocation - 114 W 10th, Cheyenne, WY (operator datasheet)",
        "publisher": "Cogent Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility near downtown Cheyenne: 32,860 total square feet, 16,200 square feet available for wholesale, 2.50 MW of power with an additional 2.5 MW available on request and 2.08 MW of protected power. Sits on 1.6 acres zoned for City use. Available carriers include Cogent, Zayo, EchoStar, Charter and CenturyLink/Lumen. Coordinates are an address-level geocode. Figures come from Cogent's own datasheet, which states the information is for informational purposes and may change.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy",
      "notes": "One 480V three-phase utility feed at 3,000 amps; two 1,500 kW diesel standby generators with 2,000 amp automatic transfer switches."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Cooling is entirely direct-expansion: two 200-ton DX air handling units with condensing units, eight 30-ton DX computer room units plus one more, and small DX and rooftop air handlers. No cooling towers or chilled-water circuit are listed."
    },
    "landAcres": 1.6,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cogent-elkridge-howard-md",
    "name": "Cogent Data Center – Elkridge",
    "operator": "Cogent Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.204016181007,
      "lon": -76.711386050454,
      "city": "Elkridge",
      "county": "Howard",
      "street": "6050 Race Road",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cogentco.com/files/docs/network/colocation/Elkridge_Data_Center_Brochure.pdf",
        "label": "Cogent Elkridge, MD Data Center Brochure",
        "publisher": "Cogent Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates confirmed via US Census geocoder (exact match on 6050 Race Road, Elkridge, MD 21075). Brochure states 61,734 sq ft (10,131 sq ft non-raised, 29,182 sq ft raised floor), two 250kVA UPS units, and diesel generators rated 750kW and 1500kW, but does not state a total facility power rating in MW or an acreage figure, so capacityMw and landAcres are omitted rather than estimated from third-party aggregator listings that were not independently fetched and verified this run.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cogent-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "Cogent Oklahoma City Data Center",
    "operator": "Cogent Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4676,
      "lon": -97.5164,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational carrier-hotel colocation site of roughly 5,294 sq ft.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "Where are data centers being built across Oklahoma? — Cogent Data Center",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Map — Cogent Data Center, Oklahoma City",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Small carrier-hotel colocation footprint (~5,294 sq ft) in Oklahoma City. Street address not confirmed on a page retrieved this session; coordinates approximate to Oklahoma City.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cognovum-trumbull-ct",
    "name": "CogNovum Data Center (80 Merritt Boulevard)",
    "operator": "CogNovum",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2407281,
      "lon": -73.1474121,
      "city": "Trumbull",
      "street": "80 Merritt Blvd",
      "state": "CT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/trumbull-data-center-eyed-ai-100000924.html",
        "label": "Trumbull data center eyed for AI-driven upgrades in nationwide expansion",
        "publisher": "Hartford Business Journal (via Yahoo Finance)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/05/06/3288919/0/en/365-data-centers-and-aphorio-carter-launch-200-mw-ai-ready-data-center-pipeline.html",
        "label": "365 Data Centers and Aphorio Carter Launch ~200 MW AI-Ready Data Center Pipeline",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=80%20Merritt%20Blvd%2C%20Trumbull%2C%20CT&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Geocoder match: 80 MERRITT BLVD, TRUMBULL, CT, 06611",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/122665255",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap building at 80 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Existing 228,000 sq ft building at 80 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, built in 1960 (originally for Nasdaq per the operator's account); currently operated by CogNovum. Aphorio Carter acquired the property in 2024. On 2026-05-06, 365 Data Centers and Aphorio Carter announced a ~200MW AI-ready data-center pipeline across six US markets; Trumbull is named as a site 'under evaluation' for AI-focused upgrades to this existing building, with letters of intent not yet signed for it (only Aurora, CO and Simpsonville, KY had signed LOIs as of the release). The operator's CEO described the plan as upgrading an existing facility on existing power infrastructure, not new construction: \"We are simply updating an existing, historic facility to ensure we can continue serving our customers effectively, while supporting the town with local jobs and substantial tax revenue.\" No MW, investment, or job-count figures were published for the current facility. Coordinates cross-checked: US Census geocoder (41.240871, -73.146313) and the OSM building footprint (41.2407281, -73.1474121) agree within ~100m; the OSM point is used per the mapped-building preference. Flagging for awareness, not asserted as fact: OSM's building tag for this address (as retrieved 2026-09-12) reads \"Digital Realty New York HVN10,\" which is not corroborated by any 2026 source found in this search and may reflect a prior/stale ownership label rather than current fact.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coinmint-massena-ny",
    "name": "Coinmint (Massena East / former Alcoa Smelter)",
    "operator": "Coinmint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.977701,
      "lon": -74.732659,
      "city": "Massena",
      "county": "St. Lawrence",
      "street": "194 County Road 45",
      "postalCode": "13662",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 435,
      "operational": 166
    },
    "poweredBy": "NYPA hydropower via the Moses-Saunders Power Dam",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://theminermag.com/news/2024-11-21/miner-weekly-coinmint-nydig-bitcoin",
        "label": "Miner Weekly: Coinmint, NYDIG, and Bitcoin",
        "publisher": "TheMinerMag",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.bitcoin.com/report-nydig-close-to-buying-alcoas-massena-new-york-smelter-site-for-bitcoin-mining-operations/",
        "label": "Report: NYDIG Close to Buying Alcoa's Massena, New York Smelter Site",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin.com News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/business/2026/04/18/from-smelters-to-servers-alcoa-to-cash-in-on-crypto-s-thirst-for-energy",
        "label": "From Smelters to Servers: Alcoa to Cash In on Crypto's Thirst for Energy",
        "publisher": "CoinDesk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Massena_Complex",
        "label": "Massena Complex — Global Energy Monitor (GEM.wiki)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/16/bitcoin-mining-firms-getting-pushback-from-new-york-state.html",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining firms getting pushback from New York state for trying to profit from cheap electricity",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Former Alcoa East aluminum smelter, ~1,300 acres, adjacent to the Moses-Saunders Power Dam on the St. Lawrence River — no confirmed street address exists in public sourcing, so coordinates here are Massena, NY's town center, not the facility's actual footprint (approximate, per location.precision). Substation approved for 435 MW; operational draw was last publicly reported at 166 MW as of late 2024 (~38% utilization) — treat as a last-known figure, not current, since ~110 MW of third-party colocation (CleanSpark, Gryphon, Bit Digital) was reported vacating around early 2025 and actual current draw is likely lower. Ownership is in transition: NYDIG holds a strategic stake from an Oct 2024 investment, and Alcoa's CEO confirmed (Apr 17, 2026) advanced negotiations to sell the site outright to NYDIG, expected to close around Q3 2026 pending regulatory approval — operator recorded here as Coinmint since the sale has not closed. energy DELIBERATELY NOT FILLED. It is tempting to record energy.source='hydro' for a St. Lawrence-adjacent site at a former aluminium smelter, but the only source I could fetch states explicitly that a hydro PPA is UNCONFIRMED. Recording 'hydro' here would be inference, not evidence. The resolving document would be an NYPA trustee resolution naming North Country Data Center Corporation and a megawatt allocation; I was not able to fetch NYPA's trustee minutes in this run.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "New York Power Authority (NYPA)",
      "notes": "NYPA trustees approved a conditional 15,000 kilowatt (15 MW) power allocation to the data center per a Jan. 30, 2018 NYPA memorandum -- this is an allocation approval, not a confirmed on-site generation figure, and predates the facility's later expansion to ~435 MW capacity reported elsewhere."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 165000000,
    "landAcres": 1300,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "coinmint-plattsburgh-ny",
    "name": "Coinmint Plattsburgh (Skyway Plaza)",
    "operator": "Coinmint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.680538,
      "lon": -73.451475,
      "city": "Plattsburgh",
      "county": "Clinton",
      "street": "42 Skyway Shopping Center",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 10
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Coinmint_Clinton_county_facility",
        "label": "Coinmint Clinton county facility - Global Energy Monitor",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Coinmint's SECOND New York site, distinct from the already-recorded Massena/former-Alcoa complex in St. Lawrence County: this one is a 10 MW operation \"located within the Skyway Plaza, a shopping center in southern Plattsburgh, on the western shores of Lake Champlain\" in Clinton County. Coordinates are as stated by the source (44.680538, -73.451475) but are marked approximate because they resolve to a shopping plaza, not a confirmed equipment footprint. STATUS CAVEAT: Global Energy Monitor lists the facility as operating as of its last update in July 2022; no more recent operating confirmation was found in this run, which is why confidence is 'reported' rather than 'confirmed'. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): the fetched source states no start date, no utility or energy source, no water/cooling detail, no investment, no job count, and no subsidy agreement. Context not recorded as fields: the City of Plattsburgh's cheap municipal hydro allocation is what drew miners here, and the city imposed (and later let expire) a crypto-mining moratorium - neither is stated in the fetched source, so neither is recorded. HISTORICAL (2018), NOT applied as a structured jobs field because the source gives a range, not a single figure: per a Jan. 30, 2018 NYPA memorandum, Coinmint's North Country Data Center subsidiary expected to grow Plattsburgh staff from 6 to 10-15 permanent employees. Reporting for hand review only -- too old and too imprecise to safely commit to jobs.permanent.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "colocation-america-sfdc1-san-francisco-ca",
    "name": "Colocation America SFDC1 (200 Paul Avenue)",
    "operator": "Colocation America",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.7234595,
      "lon": -122.3979578,
      "city": "San Francisco",
      "county": "San Francisco",
      "street": "200 Paul Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/colocation-america-san-francisco-data-center-1/",
        "label": "Colocation America - San Francisco Data Center 1 - Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Over 32,000 sq ft of data center space inside the 200 Paul Avenue carrier-hotel building (Seismic Zone 4 construction, N+1 UPS and diesel generators, 150+ W/sq ft density); SSAE16 SOC II, HIPAA, and PCI DSS. This is the SAME building as Digital Realty's SFO10, already in this dataset — Colocation America is a separate tenant/operator (acquired its space here in December 2008 per its own marketing materials, unconfirmed this session) leasing distinct floor space in the same carrier hotel, not a duplicate of the existing record.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "colocrossing-buf1-buffalo-ny",
    "name": "ColoCrossing BUF1, Buffalo",
    "operator": "ColoCrossing",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8930043,
      "lon": -78.8752659,
      "city": "Buffalo",
      "county": "Erie",
      "street": "325 Delaware Avenue",
      "postalCode": "14202",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.44
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2014",
        "note": "ColoCrossing states the Buffalo data center (BUF1) was commissioned in 2014.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.colocrossing.com/datacenter/buffalo-ny",
        "label": "Buffalo Data Center (BUF1) — ColoCrossing (operator facility page: 325 Delaware Ave, Buffalo NY 14202; 13,000 sq ft; 1.44 MW utility power; 1.4 MW generator; 130 tons cooling; commissioned 2014)",
        "publisher": "ColoCrossing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/deals/365-data-centers-partners-with-colocrossing-in-buffalo",
        "label": "365 Data Centers Partners with ColoCrossing in Buffalo",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=325+Delaware+Avenue%2C+Buffalo%2C+NY+14202&format=json&limit=2&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 325 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14202",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "13,000 sq ft carrier-neutral colocation facility; operator states 1.44 MW of utility power capacity, 1.4 MW of generator capacity and 130 tons of cooling, and markets the site as leveraging hydroelectric power from Niagara Falls (a regional-grid claim, not a documented allocation, so energy.source is left unset). Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "colocsx-jacksonville-fl",
    "name": "ColoCSX (CSX Data Center)",
    "operator": "ColoCSX (CSX Transportation)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.1988,
      "lon": -81.5812,
      "city": "Jacksonville",
      "county": "Duval",
      "street": "6425 Southpoint Parkway",
      "postalCode": "32216",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csx.com/index.cfm/about-us/company-overview/colocation-services/",
        "label": "CSX colocation services overview",
        "publisher": "CSX Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/florida/jacksonville/csx-data-center/",
        "label": "CSX Data Center (ColoCSX), Jacksonville",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/6425-southpoint-parkway-jacksonville/colocsx/datacenter/jacksonville",
        "label": "ColoCSX Jacksonville building listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://members.jaxchamber.com/Information-Technology/ColoCSX-16564",
        "label": "ColoCSX member listing",
        "publisher": "Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.city-data.com/duval-county/S/Southpoint-Parkway-4.html",
        "label": "Duval County property tax record, Southpoint Parkway",
        "publisher": "city-data.com (Duval County Property Appraiser)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Decades-old multi-tenant enterprise colocation facility (built 1990, 15,872 sq ft) owned by CSX Transportation Inc. per Duval County property tax records. 6 MW / Tier 3 / ISO 27001 / SOC 1 Type II / SAS 70 Type II / LEED Silver figures are corroborated across four independent data-center marketplace aggregators, but several listings read as syndicated/mirrored copy from one origin; the operator's own sites (colocsx.com, csx.com) returned HTTP 403 to direct fetch this session, so confidence is recorded as reported rather than confirmed pending primary-source re-verification.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-ash1-va",
    "name": "Cologix ASH1",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0179257,
      "lon": -77.4595164,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21745 Beaumeade Circle",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/ashburn/ash1/",
        "label": "Cologix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1188715510",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1188715510",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/25974/638889504246870000",
        "label": "Virginia DEQ air permit 74235-2 (issued 2025-07-23)",
        "publisher": "Virginia DEQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "455K sqft Cologix-owned Scalelogix hyperscale facility at 21745 Beaumeade Circle, Ashburn VA; confirmed operational via official facility page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-cedar-falls-ia",
    "name": "Cologix DSM2 (Cedar Falls)",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5347,
      "lon": -92.4453,
      "city": "Cedar Falls",
      "county": "Black Hawk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-06-05",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/des-moines/dsm2/",
        "label": "Colocation in Des Moines: DSM2 Digital Edge Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Edge colocation facility at 1205 Technology Parkway, Cedar Falls; acquired from Connect Des Moines June 2024 alongside DSM1. Owned/operated by Cologix (not a tenancy). Confirmed via Cologix's own DSM2 facility page: 24,000 sq ft facility with 6,000 sq ft colocation currently built out, 1MW site capacity via (3) 750kW generator+UPS, with room to add another 10,000 sq ft / 1MW later (not counted here — reporting live capacity only).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-cedar-knolls-campus-nj",
    "name": "Cologix Cedar Knolls Campus",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.81995,
      "lon": -74.427986,
      "city": "Cedar Knolls",
      "county": "Morris",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/new-jersey/",
        "label": "New Jersey Data Centers & Disaster Recovery Facilities",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Two Cologix-branded buildings in the Cedar Knolls section of Hanover Township, Morris County, per the operator's own site: NNJ2 at 9 Wing Drive ('purpose-built, freestanding data center') and NNJ4 at 16 Wing Drive ('New Jersey Disaster Recovery Facility'). Combined with a third New Jersey site (NNJ3, recorded separately at Parsippany) into 'more than 200K sq ft of usable floor space' across Cologix's New Jersey footprint per the same page, which does not break out power capacity or square footage per individual building. Represented as one record (precision representative_multi_site) because no source gave a distinguishable street-level geocode for 9 Wing Drive vs. 16 Wing Drive; location used is the Hanover Township centroid.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-col1-columbus-oh",
    "name": "Cologix COL1 (Columbus)",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1164761,
      "lon": -83.0021667,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "535 Scherers Court",
      "postalCode": "43085",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Cologix Columbus data centers (COL1–COL8)",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/ohio/",
        "label": "Ohio data center location directory",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a street-address geocode. Compute Atlas already tracks Cologix COL5 (Orange Township) and the Johnstown COL7/COL8 campus; the Scherers Court cluster is a distinct, older Columbus site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-col2-columbus-oh",
    "name": "Cologix COL2 (Columbus)",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1164691,
      "lon": -83.0020077,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "555 Scherers Court",
      "postalCode": "43085",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Cologix Columbus data centers (COL1–COL8)",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/ohio/",
        "label": "Ohio data center location directory",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a street-address geocode. Cologix's own site lists COL2 at 555 Scherers Court; a third-party directory lists it at 535 Scherers Court, so the operator address was used.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-col3-columbus-oh",
    "name": "Cologix COL3 (Columbus)",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1164586,
      "lon": -83.0017691,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "585 Scherers Court",
      "postalCode": "43085",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Cologix Columbus data centers (COL1–COL8); COL3 listed as 160K SQFT, 18+ MW",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/ohio/",
        "label": "Ohio data center location directory",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Operator lists 160,000 sq ft and \"18+ MW\"; recorded as 18 MW operational, a floor. Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-col4-columbus-oh",
    "name": "Cologix COL4 (Columbus)",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1178254,
      "lon": -83.0007799,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "7500 Alta View Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "43085",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Cologix Columbus data centers (COL1–COL8); COL4 listed at 7500 Alta View",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Single-source (operator site), so confidence is 'reported'. Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-col5-orange-township-delaware-county-oh",
    "name": "Cologix COL5",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.190863,
      "lon": -83.011113,
      "city": "Lewis Center",
      "county": "Delaware",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-01",
        "note": "under construction per Ohio Tax Credit Authority meeting action, June 1, 2026 (reported)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://signalcleveland.org/ohio-approves-last-data-center-exemption-before-moratorium/",
        "label": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority meeting action, June 1, 2026 (reported)",
        "publisher": "Signal Cleveland / Signal Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.delawaresource.com/2026/06/03/orange-township-data-center-among-last-projects-approved-before-ohio-tax-break-pause/",
        "label": "Orange Township data center among last projects approved before Ohio tax-break pause",
        "publisher": "Delaware Source",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/development.ohio.gov/business/stateincentives/TCA_Meeting_Minutes_6.1.2026.pdf",
        "label": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority Meeting Minutes, June 1, 2026",
        "publisher": "Ohio Department of Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://regionalplanning.co.delaware.oh.us/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2025/06/ORA-Cologix-starts-work-06.18.25.pdf",
        "label": "Denver company Cologix starts work on Lewis Center AI data center",
        "publisher": "Delaware County Regional Planning Commission (news clipping)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://maps.delco-gis.org/arcgiswebadaptor/rest/services/AuditorGISWebsite/AuditorMap_CurrentYearParcels_WM/MapServer/0/query?f=json&where=OWNPARCELID%3D%2731823025001002%27&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Delaware County parcel/GIS record (parcel 31823025001002 (ALTPARCELID 318-230-25-001-002))",
        "publisher": "Delaware County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Address 6787 Green Meadows Drive, Lewis Center OH 43035, southeast corner of Green Meadows Drive and Home Road, Orange Township. Power to be supplied by AEP. Phase 1 (135,000 sq ft, 25MW) construction began June 2025, targeted completion fall 2026; may expand to 75MW. Received 50%/10-year Ohio sales tax exemption (~$42.3M combined with the Licking County site) plus a 10-year 50% Delaware County property tax abatement, approved at the June 1, 2026 Ohio Tax Credit Authority meeting — the last such approval before Gov. DeWine's announced pause on new data center tax breaks. Coordinates are the Lewis Center/Orange Township town centroid, not parcel-verified in this session — recommend a follow-up parcel-level geocode of 6787 Green Meadows Drive before publishing at high precision.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "AEP Ohio"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 25,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Ohio Tax Credit Authority approved Cologix COL5's $42.3M tax exemption on 2026-06-02, days after Gov. Mike DeWine announced (2026-05-29) a statewide pause on new data-center tax exemptions -- with Cologix's project specifically carved out and exempted from that pause. The moratorium itself followed a documented 'local political backlash, with residents complaining about the facilities' size and environmental impact,' concern over 'massive energy use' and electricity-price increases from grid upgrades, and a grassroots petition drive to ban large data-center projects statewide (press conference held 2026-06-02 during legislative hearings). Classified 'contested': this specific project was approved via an explicit carve-out from a moratorium created BY that same statewide backlash.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Cologix DSM1 (Financial Center)",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5868,
      "lon": -93.625,
      "city": "Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-06-05",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/news/cologix-expands-footprint-acquisition-two-data-centers-iowa-including-des-moines-carrier-hotel/",
        "label": "Cologix Expands U.S. Footprint with Acquisition of Two Data Centers in Iowa, Including Des Moines Carrier Hotel",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Carrier-hotel / interconnection facility inside the downtown Financial Center building at 666 Walnut Street; Cologix acquired it (and DSM2, see separate record) from Connect Des Moines in June 2024 — Cologix owns/operates the space, this is not a colo tenancy. Small (4,000 sq ft) and telecom/peering-focused (25+ networks, DesMoinesIX exchange) rather than AI-compute-oriented — flagging for the human moderator to judge fit against the dataset's AI/crypto/power focus. Has a confirmed additional 10,000 sq ft / 1.0 MW expansion shell not yet built out, so I left capacityMw.operational at the currently-live 0.6MW rather than guess a combined 'planned' total.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-dsm3-altoona-ia",
    "name": "Cologix DSM3 Altoona",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6633344,
      "lon": -93.5030853,
      "city": "Altoona",
      "county": "Polk County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-09",
        "note": "Cologix purchased 78 acres of farmland along Northeast 56th Street in Altoona, east of Meta's campus, for a site designated DSM3. Specific plans have not been released.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Site is described as east of Northeast 56th Street and about a quarter-mile north of 25th Street Northwest, Altoona. Coordinates are approximate and sit on Northeast 56th Street near the Meta Altoona campus; the parcel itself has not been publicly platted. Distinct from the tracked Cologix DSM1 (Des Moines) and DSM2 (Cedar Falls) records.",
    "landAcres": 78,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-jax1-fl",
    "name": "Cologix JAX1",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.3314298,
      "lon": -81.6624257,
      "city": "Jacksonville",
      "county": "Duval",
      "street": "421 West Church Street",
      "postalCode": "32202",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/jacksonville/jax1/",
        "label": "Cologix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/497151852",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/497151852",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "11K sqft colocation hub at 421 West Church Street, Jacksonville FL central business district. Distinct from Cologix's other Jacksonville facility JAX2 (4800 Spring Park Road). Confirmed operational via official facility page.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-jax2-jacksonville-fl",
    "name": "Cologix JAX2",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.273221,
      "lon": -81.613866,
      "city": "Jacksonville",
      "county": "Duval",
      "street": "4800 Spring Park Rd",
      "postalCode": "32207",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/jacksonville/jax2/",
        "label": "Cologix — JAX2 Jacksonville data center page (4800 Spring Park Road, 125,000 sq ft, N+1 DX cooling, 2N UPS)",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Jacksonville",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"Cologix JAX2\", 4800 Spring Park Rd, Jacksonville FL 32207",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "125,000 sq ft hurricane-rated facility (designed for 200-mph projectiles), outside the floodplain, with dark-fiber connectivity to the JAX1 meet-me room and access to 40+ carriers. N+1 DX cooling; 2N UPS and N+1 generator.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-johnstown-oh",
    "name": "Cologix Johnstown AI-Ready Campus",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.15,
      "lon": -82.68,
      "city": "Johnstown",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Cologix acquired 154 acres in Johnstown for an 8-building AI-ready campus; first-phase development anticipated to begin 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/news/cologix-expands-central-ohio-footprint-with-land-acquisition-for-new-ai-ready-800mw-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Cologix Expands Central Ohio Footprint with Land Acquisition for New AI-Ready 800MW Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalohio.org/ohio-approves-last-data-center-exemption-before-moratorium/",
        "label": "Ohio approves last data-center exemption before moratorium",
        "publisher": "Signal Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://columbusregion.com/press-release/cologix-expands-in-central-ohio/",
        "label": "Cologix expands in Central Ohio",
        "publisher": "Columbus Region",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/cologix-plans-7-billion-800-mw-data-center-complex-in-ohio/",
        "label": "Cologix plans 800-MW data center complex in Ohio",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "154 acres; up to 800 MW scalable across eight data centers / 2.0M sq ft (800 MW is a full-buildout potential — in notes). The '>$7 billion' figure is a company-wide expansion plan, not a Johnstown-specific committed amount (in notes). Coordinates are the Johnstown, Licking County area centroid. The '>$7B' figure is Cologix's company-wide expansion plan; the $1.17B commitment is combined across Johnstown + Orange Township (not split) -> investmentUsd omitted. Land: ~$45M for 154 acres (Sept 2024).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "AEP Ohio serves Licking County; in late 2024 it filed a large-load tariff requiring data-center customers to pay for at least 85% of contracted capacity. First-phase load ~75 MW, scalable to 176 MW (Signal Ohio). No on-site generation disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Cologix states 'closed-loop cooling systems that minimize water usage' (Columbus Region, June 2026). Under construction - no metered operational figure."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio data-center sales-tax exemption (50%, 10-year) - TCA-approved June 1 2026; the $42.3M award is combined with Cologix's Orange Township (Delaware Co.) project and is not split per site",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "City of Johnstown 15-year, 100% property-tax abatement",
        "jurisdiction": "Johnstown, OH",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 154,
    "jobs": {
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Johnstown Mayor Donald Barnard endorsed the project; Ohio's data-center sales-tax program drew statewide controversy (a legislative repeal was vetoed June 2025; a new-award moratorium followed June 2026). No Johnstown-specific opposition group was found.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-lak1-lakeland-fl",
    "name": "Cologix LAK1 — Lakeland",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.079624,
      "lon": -81.975179,
      "city": "Lakeland",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "2850 Interstate Drive",
      "postalCode": "33805",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/lakeland/lak1/",
        "label": "Cologix — LAK1 Lakeland data center page (2850 Interstate Drive, 105,000+ sq ft, chilled-water cooling)",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Tampa",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"Cologix LAK1\", 2850 Interstate Drive, Lakeland FL 33805",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "105,000+ sq ft facility on I-4 between Tampa (32 mi) and Orlando (54 mi), sited at roughly 197 ft elevation and marketed for disaster recovery.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Cologix describes a chilled-water cooling system with N+1 perimeter CRAC units located off the data center floor — a recirculating water circuit rather than an evaporative one."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-minneapolis-511-building-mn",
    "name": "Cologix Minneapolis (511 Building, MIN1–MIN5)",
    "operator": "Cologix, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.971127,
      "lon": -93.2546167,
      "city": "Minneapolis",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "511 11th Avenue South",
      "postalCode": "55415",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Cologix lists MIN1–MIN5 as operating colocation and interconnection facilities in the 511 Building; all five are registered in PeeringDB.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/minneapolis/",
        "label": "Cologix — Minneapolis colocation & carrier hotel data centers (MIN1–MIN5, 45K+ sq ft at the 511 Building)",
        "publisher": "Cologix, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/minneapolis/min5/",
        "label": "Cologix MIN5 — 10K sq ft, 1.5 MW, 300+ networks, air-cooled chiller with fan wall",
        "publisher": "Cologix, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Cologix MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIN4, MIN5 at 511 11th Ave S, Minneapolis MN",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=511+11th+Ave+S%2C+Minneapolis%2C+MN&format=json&limit=1&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — Minnesota Gateway Data Center, 511 11th Avenue South, Minneapolis MN 55415",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Cologix operates \"more than 45K SQFT of data center colocation and interconnection space\" across MIN1–MIN5 in the 511 Building, Minnesota's principal carrier hotel and home of the Midwest Internet Cooperative Exchange (MICE). MIN5 alone is a \"10K SQFT data center\" with \"1.5 MW of power capacity\" and \"300+ unique networks\"; a campus-wide MW figure is not published, so capacityMw is left unset. The same building also houses DataBank's MSP4 suite (tracked separately) — different operators, not a duplicate.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Cologix publishes \"Air-Cooled Chiller with Fan Wall\" for MIN5 — a recirculating chilled-water circuit rejecting heat to air, recorded as closed_loop per the water-circuit tie-breaker. Cologix does not publish a plant description for MIN1–MIN4, so this is MIN5's stated design applied to the campus record."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-nnj3-parsippany-nj",
    "name": "Cologix NNJ3",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.859636,
      "lon": -74.423348,
      "city": "Parsippany",
      "county": "Morris",
      "street": "200 Webro Road",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/new-jersey/",
        "label": "New Jersey Data Centers & Disaster Recovery Facilities",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Described by the operator as a 'next-generation standalone data center' in Parsippany, NJ — one of Cologix's four current New Jersey sites (with NNJ2 and NNJ4 nearby in Cedar Knolls, recorded as a separate combined record). Coordinates are the Parsippany-Troy Hills township centroid (Wikipedia), not a confirmed parcel geocode for 200 Webro Road — marked approximate. Power capacity and square footage are not stated on the operator's current page; a since-superseded third-party listing cited 15 MW / 120,000 sq ft, but that figure could not be independently confirmed via a source fetched in this run, so it is omitted rather than reported.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cologix-sv1-ca",
    "name": "Cologix SV1",
    "operator": "Cologix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3654018,
      "lon": -121.9616726,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2050 Martin Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 9
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cologix.com/data-centers/silicon-valley/sv1/",
        "label": "Cologix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Cologix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/40608200",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/40608200",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "84,000 sqft, 9MW, Tier III, at 2050 Martin Ave, Santa Clara CA. Cologix's first major West Coast presence, acquired from vXchnge in 2021. Confirmed via WebSearch (facility page not directly fetched this session) and corroborated by PRNewswire acquisition release and datacenterhawk/datacenters.com listings.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "colospace-bedford-nh",
    "name": "ColoSpace Bedford Data Center",
    "operator": "ColoSpace, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.9281915,
      "lon": -71.4638354,
      "city": "Bedford",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "8 Commerce Drive",
      "state": "NH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacentercatalog.com/usa/colospace-data-center-bedford",
        "label": "Colospace Data Center Bedford, New Hampshire",
        "publisher": "Data Center Catalog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/new-hampshire",
        "label": "New Hampshire Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "OSM matches a building at this address named 'Commerce Park West' (way/265358816), used in preference to the nearby US Census interpolation (~400m offset on this business-park road). FirstLight Fiber's own directory (via Baxtel) also lists a 'FirstLight Bedford' facility at this SAME address, 8 Commerce Drive. Rather than ship a second record carrying an identical pin (this wave's one-pin-per-parcel rule), that is recorded here as a note instead: it is most likely the same building or business park -- possibly a shared carrier-neutral building housing both ColoSpace's product and a FirstLight point of presence -- and is not independently confirmed as a physically distinct site. colospace.com's own site could not be fetched in this run (expired TLS certificate), so this record rests on two independently fetched third-party directory listings (DataCenterCatalog, Baxtel) plus the address-to-building geocode match, hence 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' confidence.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "colovore-reno-1-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Colovore Reno 1 (RN01)",
    "operator": "Colovore",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5341121,
      "lon": -119.4771513,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "100 Italy Drive",
      "postalCode": "89434",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-12-24",
        "note": "NDEP Bureau of Air Pollution Control issued a preliminary determination to approve new Class II Air Quality Operating Permit AP7374-5002 (FIN A2675) for the Colovore Reno 1 LLC facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ndep.nv.gov/uploads/documents/ap7374-5002-directors-review.pdf",
        "label": "Director's review, Class II Air Quality Operating Permit AP7374-5002, Colovore Reno 1 LLC, Storey County",
        "publisher": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Pollution Control",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nevbex.com/2026/08/13/nevada-goed-tax-abatements-nine-companies/",
        "label": "Governor's Office of Economic Development announces tax abatements for nine companies",
        "publisher": "NVBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.colovore.com/",
        "label": "Colovore - markets served, including Reno, NV",
        "publisher": "Colovore",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ndep.nv.gov/uploads/documents/ap7374-5002-class-ii-aqop.pdf",
        "label": "NDEP Class II Air Quality Operating Permit AP7374-5002 issued to Colovore Reno 1 LLC - physical address 100 Italy Drive, McCarran NV 89434, Section 11 T19N R22E, HA 83 Tracy Segment / Storey County",
        "publisher": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Air permit places the project on the southeast corner of Italy Drive and SR 439, about 2.8 miles south of the I-80/439 interchange, in Section 11, T19N, R22E MDB&M (Air Quality Hydrographic Area 83, Tracy Segment). GOED approved $4,076,970 in abatements in August 2026 against a stated $30 million in capital-equipment investment and 10 jobs at an average $59/hour within five years; the $30M is an equipment figure, not total site capex, so it is not recorded as investmentUsd. Capacity is not recorded: no source read this session states a site MW figure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Five 3,490 kW emergency generators permitted as the only combustion equipment at the site (NDEP Class II minor stationary source)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Colovore builds high-density liquid-cooled colocation; reporting on the Storey County site describes a design that avoids water-intensive cooling. Colovore's own site advertises 5-600+ kW per rack with liquid cooling."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Nevada GOED data center tax abatement",
        "amountUsd": 4076970,
        "jurisdiction": "Nevada",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 10,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "comanche-circle-sailfish-hood-county-tx",
    "name": "Comanche Circle",
    "operator": "Sailfish Digital Ventures (SDV)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.35,
      "lon": -97.83,
      "city": "Tolar",
      "county": "Hood",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sailfish-plans-multi-gigawatt-data-center-park-outside-dfw-texas/",
        "label": "Sailfish plans multi-gigawatt data center park outside DFW, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/02/10/texas-hood-county-rejects-data-center-development-pause-ai/",
        "label": "Hood County rejects data center development pause",
        "publisher": "Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-06-25/comanche-circle-paluxy-river-valley-data-center-hill-county-dinosaur-valley-state-park",
        "label": "KERA News: NRG withdraws permit for proposed Tolar gas plant amid community opposition (confirms June 18 2026 withdrawal, campus power plan now undefined)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Near Vistra's Comanche Peak Nuclear Plant. Developer states a 5GW total pipeline across 9 campuses; a later, scaled-back figure puts Comanche Circle plus two smaller Sailfish projects combined at 'up to 3 gigawatts' - given conflicting figures, no single capacityMw is recorded here. Conditional county approval Jan 2026; construction targeted late 2026. No hyperscaler tenant confirmed - speculative developer-led land assembly. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Sailfish Investors' Comanche Circle (2,100-2,600 acre, up to 5GW planned across nine campuses) originally planned a mixed gas + grid supply, anchored by a proposed 2GW on-site gas plant ('Tolar Power Center') developed by NRG that would have supplied the campus."
    },
    "landAcres": 2600,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Local opposition (Protect the Paluxy Valley group, aquifer/water concerns); a Feb 2026 county moratorium vote failed 3-2.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "comanche-peak-nuclear-somervell-county-tx",
    "name": "Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant (AWS PPA)",
    "operator": "Vistra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.2983,
      "lon": -97.785,
      "city": "Glen Rose",
      "county": "Somervell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200,
      "operational": 2400
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-29",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09-29",
        "note": "Vistra announced a 20-year, 1,200 MW power-purchase agreement from Comanche Peak with an initially undisclosed customer (option to extend 20 more years).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-02-26",
        "note": "Vistra's Q4/FY2025 earnings confirmed Amazon (AWS) as the customer; delivery targets Q4 2027, ramping to the full 1,200 MW by 2032. Somervell County separately advanced a development agreement (Feb 2026) for AWS's adjacent ~$5B 'Project Spectrum' data-center campus on Vistra land.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/ppas-support-extended-operations-at-vistra-plants",
        "label": "Amazon and Meta agreements boost Vistra nuclear plants",
        "publisher": "World Nuclear News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/nuclear/vistra-secures-long-term-nuclear-ppa-from-comanche-peak-nuclear-plant/",
        "label": "Vistra secures long-term nuclear PPA from Comanche Peak nuclear plant",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/amazon-to-collocate-5-billion-project-spectrum-data-center-campus-in-texas-with-nuclear-power-plant/",
        "label": "Amazon to Collocate $5B Project Spectrum Data Center Campus with Nuclear Power Plant",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "The two-unit Comanche Peak nuclear station near Glen Rose, TX, whose 1,200 MW 20-year PPA to Amazon (announced 2025, customer confirmed Feb 2026) underpins AWS's adjacent 'Project Spectrum' campus — one of a wave of hyperscaler nuclear PPAs alongside Microsoft/Crane and AWS/Susquehanna. Delivery to AWS targets Q4 2027. Operates under subsidiary brand Luminant.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Existing two-unit pressurized-water reactor station (~2,400 MW), operating since the 1990s and delivering into ERCOT. 1,200 MW is contracted to AWS under a 20-year PPA."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Amazon (AWS)",
      "notes": "A 20-year, 1,200 MW PPA (of the ~2,400 MW two-unit plant) supports Amazon's adjacent 'Project Spectrum' data-center campus (~$5B, Amazon Data Services) advancing through Somervell County approvals. Project Spectrum is not yet a tracked Compute Atlas campus, so no poweredFacilityIds is set. Distinct from the separately-tracked 'Comanche Circle' (comanche-circle-sailfish-hood-county-tx), an unrelated project in the same corridor."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "compass-datacenters-loudoun-county-i-true-north-va",
    "name": "Compass Datacenters Loudoun County I (\"True North\")",
    "operator": "Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0436134,
      "lon": -77.5372623,
      "city": "Leesburg",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "20632 Sycolin Road",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/compass-datacenters/20632-sycolin-road/loudoun-county-i",
        "label": "datacenterHawk — Compass Datacenters Loudoun County I (commissioned, 750,000 SF)",
        "publisher": "Compass Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1387391200",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1387391200",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Officially 20632 Sycolin Road, Leesburg VA — same ~97-100 acre campus as the Thunderball Drive address nodes in this batch (Thunderball Dr and Sycolin Rd both border the parcel). Locally/originally branded 'True North' per 2018-2019 rezoning and groundbreaking coverage (Loudoun Times, Dgtl Infra). No operator named 'TIER' or 'TIER/True North' exists; that appears to be an OSM mis-tag. Up to 9 buildings planned, later reduced to ~7 (625k-750k sq ft); datacenterHawk lists status as commissioned/operational. Recommend a human geocode/parcel check before promoting, since exact building-level siting within the campus was not confirmed this session.",
    "landAcres": 100,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "compass-goodyear-campus-az",
    "name": "Compass Datacenters Goodyear Campus",
    "operator": "Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4354446,
      "lon": -112.3756856,
      "city": "Goodyear",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 350,
      "operational": 72
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019-07-09",
        "note": "Compass announced construction start on the first two data centers (72 MW combined IT load), with completion projected for Q4 2019.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/news/compass-datacenters-begins-construction-of-first-two-data-centers-on-phoenix-campus/",
        "label": "Compass Datacenters Begins Construction of First Two Data Centers on Phoenix Campus",
        "publisher": "Compass Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbigmedia.com/business/economic-development/compass-datacenters-will-build-225-acre-goodyear-campus/",
        "label": "Compass Datacenters will build 225-acre Goodyear campus",
        "publisher": "AZ Big Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "225-acre campus at the northwest corner of Bullard Avenue and Yuma Road in Goodyear; eight data centers and over 1.8 million sq ft at full build-out, capable of 350 MW, with a 144 MW first master-plan series and a 72 MW opening phase. Distinct from the tracked Vantage Phoenix (Goodyear), Stream PHXA (Goodyear) and Microsoft Goodyear campuses — different operator and different parcel. Coordinates are the cited Bullard Avenue / Yuma Road intersection from OpenStreetMap; the campus lies to the northwest, so the pin is approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "On-site 230 kV substation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Compass describes 'advanced hybrid cooling that uses no water during operations'. Under the project's tie-breaker — a recirculating cooling circuit is closed_loop even where heat is finally rejected to air — this is recorded as closed_loop, not 'air'; the operator's own word 'hybrid' refers to the equipment, not to seasonal wet/dry switching."
    },
    "landAcres": 225,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "compass-hoffman-estates-il",
    "name": "Compass Datacenters Hoffman Estates Campus",
    "operator": "Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0770709,
      "lon": -88.2175155,
      "city": "Hoffman Estates",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "3333 Beverly Road",
      "postalCode": "60179",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-06-13",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Former seven-building Sears headquarters demolished; construction underway on the first of five planned hyperscale buildings.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/news/compass-kicks-off-development-of-its-first-hyperscale-campus-in-illinois/",
        "label": "Compass Kicks Off Development of Its First Hyperscale Campus in Illinois",
        "publisher": "Compass Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55089460/suburban-chicago-welcomes-compass-datacenters-major-hyperscale-development-on-legacy-sears-hq-site",
        "label": "Suburban Chicago Welcomes Compass Datacenters' Major Hyperscale Development on Legacy Sears HQ Site",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Five hyperscale buildings, each over 250,000 sq ft, planned on the roughly 200-acre former Sears headquarters campus. Compass closed on the property in September 2023 for a reported $194 million; the $10 billion figure is the projected total local investment at full build-out, not a single building's cost.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Compass describes 'advanced hybrid cooling that uses no water during operations'; the source does not identify the heat-rejection method precisely enough to classify."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "compass-lauderdale-meridian-ms",
    "name": "Compass Datacenters Lauderdale County Hyperscale Campus",
    "operator": "Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3644,
      "lon": -88.7037,
      "city": "Meridian",
      "county": "Lauderdale",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "poweredBy": "Mississippi Power Company",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-09",
        "note": "Campus announced by Compass Datacenters; confirmed by the Mississippi Development Authority and Governor's office"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01-28",
        "note": "Official groundbreaking ceremony at the I-20/59 Industrial Park, Meridian"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://mississippi.org/news/compass-datacenters-project-generates-10-billion-investment-in-lauderdale-county/",
        "label": "Compass Datacenters Project Generates $10B Investment in Lauderdale County",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Development Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/compass-datacenters-project-generates-10-billion-investment-in-lauderdale-county/",
        "label": "Compass Datacenters Project Generates $10B Investment - Governor's Office",
        "publisher": "Office of Governor Tate Reeves",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/news/compass-10b-investment-lauderdale-county-mississippi/",
        "label": "Compass Project Generates $10B Investment in Lauderdale County",
        "publisher": "Compass Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/compass-to-invest-10-billion-in-mississippi-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Compass to develop $10 billion data center campus in Mississippi",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtok.com/2025/01/29/compass-data-centers-hosts-official-groundbreaking-ceremony-lauderdale-county/",
        "label": "Compass Data Centers hosts official groundbreaking ceremony in Lauderdale County",
        "publisher": "WTOK",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://msindy.org/p/mississippis-data-center-boom-and",
        "label": "Mississippi's Data Center Boom",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtok.com/2026/07/15/lauderdale-county-gives-statement-compass-data-center/",
        "label": "Lauderdale County gives statement on Compass Data Center",
        "publisher": "WTOK-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://siteselection.com/cover-story-data-center-boom-comes-to-mississippi/",
        "label": "COVER STORY: Data Center Boom Comes to Mississippi — Mississippi Power to supply 'about 500 megawatts of power to the site'",
        "publisher": "Site Selection Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Eight-data-center campus over an eight-year buildout at the I-20/59 Industrial Park, Meridian. Groundbreaking Jan 28 2025 (under construction). Mississippi Power to supply ~500 MW via a dedicated substation. INVESTMENT OMITTED: the widely cited $10B is a projected full-occupancy total INCLUDING future tenants' IT equipment ('an investment of $10 billion, including future tenants' information technology equipment'), not a firm Compass outlay. 'Thousands of jobs' is a projection. First confirmed tenant: Corderill LLC ($100M equipment, 20 jobs, April 2026). Coordinates are the Meridian centroid (no parcel coordinates published).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Mississippi Power",
      "notes": "Mississippi Power to supply ~500 MW; the utility invested in a dedicated substation at the I-20/59 Industrial Park to enable the campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Compass describes its campuses as using \"Advanced hybrid cooling that uses no water during operations\". coolingType is left unset: the phrase is company boilerplate and \"hybrid\" there refers to Compass's air/liquid heat-capture approach at the rack, which docs/methodology.md explicitly says is NOT this field's meaning. A waterless claim points to `air`, but the methodology's tie-breaker requires knowing whether a recirculating water circuit exists, and no fetched source for this campus says."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Mississippi Data Center Incentive - 10-year state income and franchise tax exemption",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Mississippi Data Center Incentive - sales and use tax exemption on construction materials, equipment, and hardware/software",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Lauderdale County site grant ($4M via the Mississippi Legislature)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "MDA additional site-preparation grant (amount unspecified)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "10-year state income and franchise tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Sales and use tax exemption on construction materials, equipment and software/hardware replacements",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Named both 'worst economic development deal of 2025' (Center for Economic Accountability) and 'best' (Business Facilities magazine)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "compass-red-oak-tx",
    "name": "Red Oak Campus",
    "operator": "Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.537981,
      "lon": -96.804371,
      "city": "Red Oak",
      "county": "Ellis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/compass-datacenters-looks-to-expand-red-oak-campus/",
        "label": "Compass Datacenters looks to expand Red Oak campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://desototribune.com/2026/05/27/red-oak-data-center-sparks-controversy-as-expansion-moves-forward/",
        "label": "DeSoto Tribune — Red Oak data center sparks controversy as expansion moves forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Second DFW-area Compass site (buildings 3/4). Distinct operator/site from DataBank's separate Red Oak, TX campus (same town, different companies).",
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Red Oak City Council approved rezoning for the Compass campus expansion on a 4-1 vote (May 2026) despite residents packing chambers to protest grid stress, noise, traffic, water use, and property-value concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "compass-statesville-nc",
    "name": "Compass Statesville Campus",
    "operator": "Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7826,
      "lon": -80.8873,
      "city": "Statesville",
      "county": "Iredell",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "poweredBy": "Duke Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Statesville City Council rezoned a 333-acre site for a Compass Datacenters campus (5 buildings, ~500 MW); Duke Energy contracted power per a Feb 2026 8-K",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/compass-datacenters-proposes-333-acre-campus-in-statesville-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Compass Datacenters proposes 333-acre campus in Statesville, North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001326160/000110465926080476/tm2619723d1_8k.htm",
        "label": "Duke Energy Form 8-K (Feb 2026) — large-load contracts",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC / Duke Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbtv.com/2025/09/16/statesville-city-council-approves-rezoning-request-new-data-center/",
        "label": "WBTV — \"Statesville City Council approves rezoning request for new data center\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "333-acre site in Statesville, Iredell County; five buildings, ~500 MW (per JLL marketing), near a Duke Energy substation. Rezoned Sept 2025; Duke's Feb 2026 8-K referenced ~4.5 GW of contracted large load including Compass and Microsoft. Coordinates are the Statesville area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy"
    },
    "landAcres": 333,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Statesville City Council voted 8-0 to approve the rezoning (Sept 16, 2025) after a roughly two-hour public hearing where 17 residents spoke against the project versus 5 in favor; the Planning Board had likewise recommended approval at an earlier hearing packed with vocal opposition.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "connect-data-centers-albuquerque-nm",
    "name": "Connect Albuquerque (Westpointe 40)",
    "operator": "Connect Data Centers (Oppidan Investment Company)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0881581,
      "lon": -106.7353893,
      "city": "Albuquerque",
      "county": "Bernalillo",
      "street": "8351 Daytona Road NW",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 10
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/connect-data-centers-albuquerque-nm",
        "label": "Connect Data Centers: Albuquerque, NM Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://servercountry.org/data/projects/connect-data-centers-albuquerque-oppidan-nm/",
        "label": "Connect Data Centers Albuquerque (Oppidan)",
        "publisher": "Server Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=8351+Daytona+Road+NW,+Albuquerque,+NM+87121&format=json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode of Daytona Road NW, Albuquerque",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "New facility, not previously on the NM roster. Oppidan Investment Company (Connect Data Centers division) acquired the Westpointe 40 Business Park site from Titan Development in September 2024; general contractor PARIC Corporation targeted winter 2025 completion. Server Country's most recent record review (2026-07-18) lists status as operational colocation. No primary operator press release or City of Albuquerque permit record was directly fetched this run (only aggregator sites, both cited); a direct primary source would strengthen confidence above 'reported'. Coordinates are a street-level OpenStreetMap geocode of Daytona Road NW, not a confirmed parcel centroid -- precision is approximate. Capacity (10MW) and investment ($80M) figures are sourced from Server Country only and are unconfirmed against a second independent source; treat as reported, not confirmed.",
    "investmentUsd": 80000000,
    "landAcres": 10,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "connect-data-centers-eagan-mn",
    "name": "Connect Data Centers – Eagan (powered by Oppidan)",
    "operator": "Oppidan Investment Company",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8278868,
      "lon": -93.1108726,
      "city": "Eagan",
      "county": "Dakota",
      "street": "550 Opperman Dr",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/connect-data-centers-eagan-mn",
        "label": "Connect Data Centers: Eagan, MN Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oppidan.com/blog/connect-data-centers-powered-by-oppidan-breaks-ground-on-new-data-center-in-eagan",
        "label": "Connect Data Centers powered by Oppidan breaks ground on new data center in Eagan",
        "publisher": "Oppidan Investment Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/eagan-approves-plan-for-1-year-pause-on-data-center-projects-in-the-city/",
        "label": "Eagan approves plan for 1-year pause on data center projects in the city",
        "publisher": "KSTP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Described by Oppidan as one of only two ground-up data center projects underway in Minnesota at time of announcement. 61,000 sq ft on 22.1 acres of YMCA-owned land (subdivided early 1990s), off Argenta Trail south of the YMCA; developer entity CLOP Eagan MN, LLC. Construction began June 2025; full operation expected December 2026.",
    "landAcres": 22.1,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Eagan City Council voted 4-0 on a one-year moratorium (applies to data centers >20MW or within 500 ft of residential property) after this project broke ground; neighbors near this Oppidan facility off Argenta Trail raised traffic and noise concerns per KSTP (retrieved 2026-09-10). Coverage frames the moratorium as forward-looking study rather than opposition aimed at this already-underway project.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "consolidated-communications-manchester-nh",
    "name": "Consolidated Communications Manchester Data Center",
    "operator": "Consolidated Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.9890144,
      "lon": -71.4636547,
      "city": "Manchester",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "770 Elm St",
      "state": "NH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/consolidated-manchester",
        "label": "Consolidated: Manchester Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterjournal.com/data-centers/new-hampshire/manchester/consolidated-770-elm-st/",
        "label": "Consolidated - 770 Elm St. Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Address confirmed by two independently fetched directory listings (Baxtel, Data Center Journal) and by an OpenStreetMap building match explicitly named 'Consolidated Communications' at this address (way/1019398284, used in preference to the very close US Census interpolation). Trade coverage describes it as a Tier-III-equivalent carrier interconnection facility originally built out by FairPoint Communications before FairPoint's New England operations came under Consolidated Communications; that corporate history is not independently re-confirmed here. Data Center Journal lists colocation floor space as only 506 sq ft -- notably smaller than the 'interconnection hub' framing used in other coverage, so both figures are flagged rather than one being picked. No MW capacity figure could be confirmed from a source actually fetched in this run, so capacityMw is omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "constellation-calvert-cliffs-new-nuclear-md",
    "name": "Calvert Cliffs New Nuclear Expansion",
    "operator": "Constellation Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.4322,
      "lon": -76.4419,
      "city": "Lusby",
      "county": "Calvert",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-04",
        "note": "Constellation announced it will explore building 2,000 MW of new, next-generation nuclear at Calvert Cliffs.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2025/11/constellation-offers-maryland-a-menu-of-new-generation-options-to-meet-rising-demand.html",
        "label": "Constellation Offers Maryland a Menu of New Generation Options to Meet Rising Demand, Including 5,800 Megawatts of New Power Generation and Battery Storage",
        "publisher": "Constellation Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-11-05/article-7520/constellation-considers-advanced-nuclear-in-maryland/",
        "label": "Constellation considers advanced nuclear in Maryland",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society / Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Company-stated intention to explore, not a filed project — recorded at 'reported' confidence with no reactor technology, unit count or in-service date asserted because none has been published. Distinct from the withdrawn AWS Calvert Technology Center data center proposal at the same site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Proposed next-generation nuclear units at the existing Calvert Cliffs Clean Energy Center, which Constellation says would roughly double the site's output. Separately, Constellation says uprates could add about 190 MW (10%) to the existing units and is pursuing a 20-year licence renewal."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Announced Nov. 4, 2025 as part of a menu of up to 5,800 MW of new generation and storage offered to Maryland. Exploratory: no CPCN application and no NRC licence application for the new units has been identified, and the new nuclear component was not among the three Constellation projects filed in the PSC's Next Generation Energy Act solicitation."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "constellation-clinton-clean-energy-center-il",
    "name": "Clinton Clean Energy Center",
    "operator": "Constellation Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1722,
      "lon": -88.8342,
      "city": "Clinton",
      "county": "DeWitt",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1121,
      "operational": 1080
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Meta 20-year PPA for full output announced; relicensing to ~2047",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2025/constellation-meta-sign-20-year-deal-for-clean-reliable-nuclear-energy-in-illinois.html",
        "label": "Constellation, Meta Sign 20-Year Deal for Clean, Reliable Nuclear Energy in Illinois",
        "publisher": "Constellation Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-signs-20-year-ppa-with-constellation-for-entire-output-of-illinois-nuclear-power-plant/",
        "label": "Meta signs 20-year PPA with Constellation for entire output of Illinois nuclear plant",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-06-03/article-7084/constellation-meta-sign-20year-deal-to-source-entire-illinois-nuclear-plants-power/",
        "label": "Constellation, Meta sign 20-year deal to source entire Illinois nuclear plant's power",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/meta-constellation-sign-20-year-clean-power-deal",
        "label": "Meta, Constellation sign 20-year clean power deal",
        "publisher": "World Nuclear News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "Existing ~1,080 MW single-unit nuclear station near Clinton, IL. Under the Meta agreement its full ~1,121 MW output (with a 30 MW uprate) is dedicated to Meta's clean-energy/AI operations from June 2027.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 1100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Deal preserves 1,100+ jobs and ~$13.5M in annual community tax revenue",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "Entire plant output contracted to Meta under a 20-year PPA (announced June 2025) beginning June 2027; supports relicensing/continued operation for ~20 years after the ZEC program ends; +30 MW nuclear uprate planned."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "construction-partners-dothan-al",
    "name": "Construction Partners Corporate Headquarters and Data Processing Center",
    "operator": "Construction Partners, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.2237285,
      "lon": -85.3934375,
      "city": "Dothan",
      "county": "Houston",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03-19",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-19",
        "note": "Construction Partners announced a $20 million corporate headquarters and data processing center in Dothan, creating capacity for more than 60 new professional positions alongside roughly 50 existing local employees.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.madeinalabama.com/2026/03/construction-partners-to-invest-20-million-in-new-dothan-headquarters/",
        "label": "Construction Partners to invest $20 million in new Dothan headquarters",
        "publisher": "Made in Alabama (Alabama Department of Commerce)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Enterprise data-processing facility built as part of the company's own headquarters campus rather than a merchant or colocation data center; it centralises data processing for operations across eight Sunbelt states. The $20 million figure is the whole headquarters investment, not a data-hall-only cost, and no MW, square footage, completion date or site address has been disclosed - the coordinate is the city of Dothan and is marked approximate. Single-source record from the state commerce department's announcement page.",
    "investmentUsd": 20000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 60,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "convergent-technology-park-remington-fauquier-va",
    "name": "Convergent Technology Park",
    "operator": "Convergent VA LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.55073067963831,
      "lon": -77.8046447409979,
      "city": "Remington",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "proposed per Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "The 2019 approval WAS withdrawn (confirmed: Convergent VA partner Jeffrey Price stated the original 2019-approved application was withdrawn due to complexity of study/evaluation needed), but this is not a dead project -- it was REVIVED: a pre-application meeting was held April 2024, formal application submitted June 2024, county staff review began August 2024 (documented in a Fauquier County Dept.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_18be50e8-49f6-11ef-95cf-3b45407fea55.html",
        "label": "Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow (sourced from Fauquier Co. planning staff)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/wp-content/uploads/convergent-tech-park-acceptance-letter-fauquier-aug-20-2024.pdf",
        "label": "Fauquier County Department of Community Development application acceptance letter, Aug 20 2024",
        "publisher": "Fauquier County DCD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/new-plans-shared-for-convergent-technology-park-in-fauquier-county-virginia/",
        "label": "New plans shared for Convergent Technology Park in Fauquier County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/fauquier/update-on-data-center-development-and-transmission-lines-in-fauquier/",
        "label": "Piedmont Environmental Council (PEC), \"Update on Data Center Development and Transmission Lines in Fauquier\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "HONEST INTAKE per prompt guidance: status is application 'on hold, not yet accepted' by the county — real filing, real acreage/investment figures reported, but pre-acceptance. Recorded as status=proposed with the hold explicitly noted rather than dropped, since it is a genuine, citable county application (not rumor). Sourced from the Fauquier County planning-database roundup (fauquiernow.com); status is early/speculative — a per-project county docket should confirm before elevating confidence.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 140,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Piedmont Environmental Council (PEC), a regional land-use advocacy group, has formally opposed this project since its original 2019 iteration and reiterated concerns in Oct 2024 about the site's proximity to the Town of Remington and flood-risk impact.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "copia-griffin-energy-stanfield-az",
    "name": "Griffin Energy Project",
    "operator": "Copia Power",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.85,
      "lon": -111.92,
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1050
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-16",
        "note": "Pinal County Planning and Zoning Commission voted 6-2 to recommend approval of the comprehensive plan amendment; the project then advanced to the Board of Supervisors ahead of any rezoning.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/pinal-pz-advances-energy-project-for-data-center/",
        "label": "Pinal P&Z Advances Energy Project for Data Center",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.roselawgroup.com/copia-powers-large-scale-energy-development-advances-in-pinal-county-with-court-rich-rose-law-groups-director-of-renewable-energy-utility-infrastructure-and-the-firms-co/",
        "label": "Copia Power's large-scale energy development advances in Pinal County",
        "publisher": "Rose Law Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "2,685-acre solar + battery + gas project southeast of Stanfield, straddling Interstate 8 between Santa Rosa Wash and Greene Wash, southwest of Selma Highway and Midway Road. Reported projections — nearly $10B total investment, more than $1.1B in tax revenue over 25 years, and 508 direct plus 588 indirect jobs — are stated by the sources for the energy project COMBINED with its associated data center campus, so they are not attributed to this site as site-level investment or jobs. This is a separate site from the tracked W Holdings 'Energy Generation and Technology Campus' near the city of Maricopa (638 acres, northeast of Maricopa and Teel Road); the two are linked by offtaker, not co-located. Coordinates are an approximate point on the described I-8 corridor southeast of Stanfield, derived from the sources' location description — the parcel boundary is not published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed"
    },
    "landAcres": 2685,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "offtaker": "W Holdings (Energy Generation and Technology Campus)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "w-holdings-energy-generation-technology-campus-maricopa-az"
      ],
      "notes": "Reported as up to 550 MW of solar plus up to 500 MW of gas-fired generation (the 1,050 MW recorded in capacityMw), alongside up to 550 MW of battery storage, which is storage rather than generation and is not counted. Developed as Griffin Energy, LLC; the underlying landowner entity is Stanfield 1295, LLC (W Holdings). Sources state the power is intended to supply a planned data center campus."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "copt-defense-properties-van-meter-ia",
    "name": "COPT Defense Van Meter Data Center Shell Site",
    "operator": "COPT Defense Properties",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5031,
      "lon": -93.9469,
      "city": "Van Meter",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.copt.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/516/copt-defense-acquires-land-for-data-center-shell",
        "label": "COPT Defense Acquires Land for Data Center Shell Development near Des Moines, IA",
        "publisher": "COPT Defense Properties (investor relations)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/copt-des-moines",
        "label": "COPT: Des Moines Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Speculative 'shell' land development (REIT-style developer building generic zoned/powered capacity for a future, not-yet-named tenant) — same non-hyperscale-operator category as QTS's already-tracked Iowa campuses. Existing zoning already permits data-center use; site could support ~3.3M sq ft across up to 15 buildings and two substations per COPT's own release. Street address (28004 340th Trail) and 'Van Meter area' / 2027 planned-year framing came from a secondary aggregator (baxtel.com, fetched directly) corroborating the primary COPT press release, which itself doesn't name the town explicitly (says only 'near Des Moines'). Van Meter is in Dallas County, Iowa (general geography, not sourced to a specific citation). No construction start confirmed as of this research. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): COPT Defense's own acquisition press release (dated around late Sept, publicized 2026) covers only the transaction (365 acres, $32M) and describes the site as 'near Des Moines, Iowa' rather than naming Van Meter specifically. No public hearing, local-official statement, resident reaction, or opposition/support is documented in this source. Checked: operator press release only.",
    "investmentUsd": 32000000,
    "landAcres": 365,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cordelio-crossover-wind-cross-county-ar",
    "name": "Crossover Wind",
    "operator": "Cordelio Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.3001216,
      "lon": -90.7750181,
      "county": "Cross",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 135
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Construction began on the 135 MW Crossover Wind project in Cross County.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-11-18",
        "note": "Cordelio Power announced commercial operations, making Crossover Wind the first operating wind project in Arkansas. The project pays about $950,000 a year to Cross County and more than $50 million to local landowners over its lifetime.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cordelio-power-achieves-commercial-operations-at-135-mw-crossover-wind-project-the-first-operating-wind-project-in-arkansas-302618392.html",
        "label": "Cordelio Power Achieves Commercial Operations at 135 MW Crossover Wind Project, the First Operating Wind Project in Arkansas",
        "publisher": "Cordelio Power (PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://electrek.co/2025/11/24/arkansas-turns-on-its-first-ever-utility-scale-wind-farm/",
        "label": "Arkansas turns on its first-ever utility-scale wind farm",
        "publisher": "Electrek",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Cross+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Cross County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap county point for Cross County. No source gives a site address or turbine-string location, and a 32-turbine array spans many square miles, so this is a county-level approximation only - not a site centroid. Sources place it 'near Wynne' but no road or parcel is named. The under_construction date (October 2024) comes from an Arkansas Democrat-Gazette headline on construction start; the linked article body was not fetched, so that date is recorded as month-precision and the Electrek piece is cited alongside it for the development history.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "offtaker": "Microsoft",
      "unitCount": 32,
      "notes": "Arkansas' first operating utility-scale wind project: 135 MW from 32 US-made Vestas V163-4.5 MW turbines in Cross County, west of Memphis. 'The project will deliver 100% of its power to Microsoft under a 20-year power purchase agreement.' M.A. Mortenson built it under a full-wrap EPC contract and Vestas handles long-term operations and maintenance. Financing comprised a $375 million construction loan, a $173 million term loan and a $263 million tax equity investment from U.S. Bank. Cordelio acquired the project in late 2023 from Steelhead Americas, Vestas' North American development arm, which began development in 2020. poweredFacilityIds is deliberately NOT set: the PPA names Microsoft as corporate offtaker, not a single named campus."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-auburn-al",
    "name": "Core Scientific Auburn Data Center (AUBix)",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.6089,
      "lon": -85.4879,
      "city": "Auburn",
      "county": "Lee",
      "street": "1571 West Samford Avenue",
      "postalCode": "36832",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 16
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-02-19",
        "note": "Core Scientific leased the existing AUBix facility at 1571 W Samford Ave and is bringing it online in phases; first ~16MW targeted, full ~$400M build ongoing as of the Feb 2025 announcement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/107/core-scientific-announces-expansion-into-auburn-alabama-with-new-high-performance-computing-facility",
        "label": "Core Scientific Announces Expansion into Auburn, Alabama with New High-Performance Computing Facility",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific IR (BusinessWire-syndicated)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://alabamanewscenter.com/2025/02/20/core-scientific-bringing-high-performance-computing-operation-to-auburn-alabama/",
        "label": "Core Scientific bringing high-performance computing operation to Auburn, Alabama",
        "publisher": "Alabama News Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/alabama/auburn/aubix-data-center/",
        "label": "AUBix Data Center in Auburn | 1571 W Samford Ave (3 MW)",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/auburn-al/",
        "label": "Alabama Data Center | High-Density in Auburn",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.madeinalabama.com/2025/02/core-scientific-bringing-high-performance-computing-operation-to-auburn/",
        "label": "Core Scientific bringing high-performance computing operation to Auburn",
        "publisher": "Made in Alabama (Alabama Dept. of Commerce)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtvm.com/2026/02/25/data-center-expansion-manufacturing-project-expected-bring-hundreds-jobs-lee-county/",
        "label": "Data center expansion and manufacturing project expected to bring hundreds of jobs to Lee County",
        "publisher": "WTVM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac/12120",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 12120 - AUBix Auburn, 1571 W Samford Ave, Auburn AL 36832",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "STATUS RE-CHECK, NO CHANGE APPLIED, BUT FLAGGED. Two sources fetched this run point toward the site already serving customers - Core Scientific sells it as a current product, and the February 2026 $55M permit is framed as an EXPANSION of an existing facility rather than a first build. Neither states outright that the data center is energized and serving load, and this record is a pre-existing AUBix building that Core Scientific leased, so the boundary between the incumbent facility and Core Scientific's fit-out is genuinely unclear. I did not promote under_construction to operational on marketing tense alone. Worth a targeted check of Core Scientific's 10-Q or an earnings call transcript, which I did not reach this run.",
    "investmentUsd": 400000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Core Scientific retained the facility's 11 existing full-time employees and plans to grow to 20+; local officials (Auburn city/state leaders) publicly supportive; projected ~$1.5M/yr local tax revenue.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-austin-tx",
    "name": "Core Scientific Austin Data Center (Austin 1)",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.214,
      "lon": -97.622,
      "city": "Austin",
      "county": "Travis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200,
      "operational": 16
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-06-03",
        "note": "Formerly a Hewlett Packard hosting/HPC facility; Core Scientific delivered the initial 16MW CoreWeave contract more than 30 days ahead of schedule (2024), then expanded via the June 2024 ~200MW hosting agreement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240603752657/en/Core-Scientific-to-Provide-Approximately-200-MW-of-Infrastructure-to-Host-CoreWeave%E2%80%99s-High-Performance-Computing-Services-Capturing-Significant-AI-Compute-Opportunity",
        "label": "Core Scientific to Provide Approximately 200 MW of Infrastructure to Host CoreWeave's High-Performance Computing Services",
        "publisher": "BusinessWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/austin-tx/",
        "label": "Data Center Austin TX | High-Density Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific (operator site)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/austin/core-scientific-austin/",
        "label": "Core Scientific Austin Data Center | 3301 Hibbetts Rd",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "landAcres": 38,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-calvert-city-ky",
    "name": "Core Scientific Calvert City Data Center (Calvert 1, 2 & 3)",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.0328,
      "lon": -88.3527,
      "city": "Calvert City",
      "county": "Marshall",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019-11",
        "note": "Opened Nov 2019 as a converted Gerdau steel-mill site; still Core Scientific's sole listed Kentucky property in the FY2025 10-K (KY count=1), now expanded to a Calvert 1/2/3 campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsitems/11-14-2019/core-scientific-calvert-city-kentucky.shtml",
        "label": "Core Scientific Opens Blockchain Facility in Calvert City, Kentucky",
        "publisher": "Area Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/core-scientific-opens-world-class-blockchain-hosting-facility-in-calvert-city-ky-300956631.html",
        "label": "Core Scientific opens world-class blockchain hosting facility in Calvert City, KY",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/kentucky/calvert-city/core-scientific-calvert-city/",
        "label": "Core Scientific Calvert City Data Center | 1035 Shar-Cal Rd",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/kentucky/calvert-city/riot-platforms-calvert-city/",
        "label": "Riot Platforms Calvert City Data Center | 1542 N Main St",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "TVA / Jackson Purchase Energy",
      "notes": "Powered via TVA and Jackson Purchase Energy; the Area Development/PRNewswire launch coverage cited ~125MW ready at opening, current listings (datacenterHawk) show 150MW across the built-out Calvert 1/2/3 campus."
    },
    "landAcres": 15,
    "community": {
      "notes": "Repurposed a shuttered (2016) Gerdau steel rolling mill, framed locally as an economic-revival/jobs project.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-denton-tx",
    "name": "Core Scientific Denton Data Center (Denton 1)",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1932,
      "lon": -97.1276,
      "city": "Denton",
      "county": "Denton",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 260
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-02-26",
        "note": "Converted bitcoin-mining campus (8171 Jim Christal Rd) being rebuilt into a CoreWeave AI/HPC hub; renovation began Nov 2024, phased buildout continuing; full critical IT load reaches ~260MW after the Feb 2025 70MW expansion, with other coverage citing a 2027 full-site launch target.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/110/core-scientific-and-coreweave-announce-1-2-billion-expansion-at-denton-tx-site",
        "label": "Core Scientific and CoreWeave Announce $1.2 Billion Expansion at Denton, TX Site",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific IR (BusinessWire-syndicated)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/core-scientific-denton-tx",
        "label": "Core Scientific: Denton, TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/denton-texas/",
        "label": "Denton, TX Data Center | High-Density at Scale",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific (operator site)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-grand-forks-nd",
    "name": "Core Scientific Grand Forks Data Center (Grand Forks 1)",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.8912,
      "lon": -97.0434,
      "city": "Grand Forks",
      "county": "Grand Forks",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-03",
        "note": "Commissioned Nov 2021, reached full 100MW operating capacity March 2022. Sole ND facility in Core Scientific's FY2025 10-K property count (ND=1).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsitems/5-7-2021/core-scientific-grand-forks-north-dakota.shtml",
        "label": "Core Scientific Establishes Grand Forks, North Dakota, Facility",
        "publisher": "Area Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/grand-forks-nd/",
        "label": "Grand Forks, North Dakota Data Center (Grand Forks 1)",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific (operator site)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/north-dakota/grand-forks/core-scientific-grand-forks/",
        "label": "Core Scientific Grand Forks Data Center | 5601 11th Ave S",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Nodak Electric Cooperative / Minnkota Power Cooperative",
      "notes": "Powered by Nodak Electric Cooperative and Minnkota Power Cooperative; reported energy mix ~55% lignite coal, 34% wind, 8% hydroelectric."
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-marble-cherokee-county-nc",
    "name": "Core Scientific Marble Data Center",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.135,
      "lon": -83.924,
      "city": "Marble",
      "county": "Cherokee",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 65,
      "operational": 104
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Operating 104 MW crypto-mining facility (former American Thread plant) now converting to AI/GPU workloads.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/2026-04-10/cherokee-county-residents-were-upset-about-crypto-mines-then-came-ai",
        "label": "Cherokee County residents were upset about crypto mines - then came AI (WUNC)",
        "publisher": "WUNC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cherokeescout.com/local-newsletter/crypto-mining-ai",
        "label": "From crypto mining to AI (Cherokee Scout)",
        "publisher": "Cherokee Scout",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001839341/000119312526165121/d149019dex992.htm",
        "label": "Core Scientific, Inc. Form 8-K (FY2026)",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC / Core Scientific",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Former American Thread plant at the intersection of Palmer Lane and Airport Road in Marble, Cherokee County; ~70-acre site with a 250,000 sq ft building and 104 MW power capacity. Operating crypto-mining facility now converting to AI/GPU workloads.",
    "landAcres": 70,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-muskogee-ok",
    "name": "Core Scientific Muskogee Campus",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.72,
      "lon": -95.42,
      "city": "Muskogee",
      "county": "Muskogee",
      "street": "1525 West 43rd Street South",
      "postalCode": "74401",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000,
      "operational": 70
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Initial 100MW (70MW critical IT) phase delivered Q2 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Second 82.5MW building under construction; expansion plan targets ~1.5GW gross power (~1.0GW leasable), including a pending acquisition of Polaris DS LLC (440MW OG&E contract).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/135/core-scientific-plans-expansion-to-1-5-gigawatts-of-gross-power-at-muskogee-oklahoma-campus",
        "label": "Core Scientific Plans Expansion to 1.5 Gigawatts of Gross Power at Muskogee, Oklahoma Campus",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific (investor release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/core-scientific-and-port-muskogee-break-ground-on-100-mw-hpc-data-center",
        "label": "Core Scientific and Port Muskogee Break Ground on 100 MW HPC Data Center (investor press release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260506005927/en/Core-Scientific-Plans-Expansion-to-1.5-Gigawatts-of-Gross-Power-at-Muskogee-Oklahoma-Campus",
        "label": "Core Scientific Plans Expansion to 1.5 Gigawatts of Gross Power at Muskogee, Oklahoma Campus",
        "publisher": "Business Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blockspace.media/insight/core-scientific-jumps-7-in-morning-markets-as-data-center-firm-announces-440-mw-expansion-at-oklahoma-site/",
        "label": "Core Scientific announces 440 MW expansion at Oklahoma site",
        "publisher": "Blockspace",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/muskogee-ok/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center | High-Density in Muskogee",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "1525 W Smith Ferry Rd, Port Muskogee Industrial Park. Distinct from the existing tracked Google Muskogee County campuses - same county, different developer/site. Coordinates are approximate. CoreWeave is the anchor customer.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "OG&E (Oklahoma Gas & Electric)",
      "notes": "Grid power via OG&E is the defining arrangement. Core Scientific's Muskogee campus (the 100MW CoreWeave-anchor HPC facility, ~70MW critical IT load) and the adjacent Polaris DS acquisition are both served by OG&E electric service agreements totaling up to 440MW gross power under contract."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 250,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Oklahoma Governor Stitt is quoted (2026-05-06 release) praising the expansion and the state's behind-the-meter legislation as enabling it. No resident opposition, hearings, or independent local-news coverage was checked -- this reflects state-official/company-sourced reaction only, from the operator's own press release.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-pecos-tx",
    "name": "Core Scientific Pecos AI Campus",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.44,
      "lon": -103.58,
      "city": "Pecos",
      "county": "Reeves",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Core Scientific announced expansion of its Pecos campus toward ~1.5 GW gross power; first data hall reached interior-footing milestone, first capacity expected early 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/134/core-scientific-plans-expansion-to-1-5-gigawatts-of-gross-power-at-pecos-texas-campus",
        "label": "Core Scientific plans expansion to 1.5 gigawatts of gross power at Pecos, Texas campus",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/127/core-scientific-announces-fourth-quarter-fiscal-year-2025-results",
        "label": "Core Scientific announces Q4 FY2025 results",
        "publisher": "Core Scientific",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "High-density AI/HPC colocation. ~1.5 GW gross / ~1.0 GW leasable is an expansion ceiling (in notes). Co-located in Reeves County with Microsoft's separate 'Project Kirby' Pecos campus (distinct operator/parcel; tracked separately). Address on record: 1939 FM 2119. Core Scientific historically a bitcoin miner, repositioned to HDC. Coordinates are the Pecos area centroid. No Pecos-specific capex is disclosed (Q4 FY2025 capex of $279.2M is company-wide; the $226.2M CoreWeave-funded portion is contract revenue, not capex) -> investmentUsd omitted. No Reeves County abatement attributable to Core Scientific was found (the 'Pecos Power Plant LLC' abatement is a separate gas-plant entity).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Served by the ERCOT grid; Texas-New Mexico Power (TNMP) is the regional distribution utility for Pecos but Core Scientific's filings do not name it. Core Scientific announced a 'scalable behind-the-meter' power solution on 200+ acres (April 2026) with generation type/MW undisclosed - distinct from Microsoft's separate Project Kirby and the Chevron/Energy Forge One gas plant in the same county."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No community opposition or formal support vote was found specific to Core Scientific's Pecos campus; regional officials have publicly welcomed the adjacent Microsoft campus. Investor-level opposition to the CoreWeave acquisition (Two Seas Capital) is a corporate-finance matter, not community reception.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "core-scientific-quinlan-tx",
    "name": "Telios Quinlan Campus",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.911,
      "lon": -96.138,
      "city": "Quinlan",
      "county": "Hunt",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 430
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "Acquisition of Telios Quinlan One LLC completed 2026-05-05; future data-center site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1839341/000162828026031396/core-20260331.htm",
        "label": "Core Scientific 10-Q Q1 2026 (Telios Quinlan One acquisition)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.heraldbanner.com/news/local_news/commissioners-approve-data-center-resolution-at-monday-meeting/article_13a6debf-507d-4960-9dc1-49b62029d98f.html",
        "label": "Herald Banner — Commissioners approve data center resolution at Monday meeting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Acquisition of Telios Quinlan One LLC completed 2026-05-05; ~260 acres; utility Farmers Electric Cooperative; future data-center site. Primary-sourced from SEC 10-Q subsequent-events.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Farmers Electric Coop, Inc"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 232500000,
    "landAcres": 260,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Core Scientific-hosted town halls and multiple protests over its Hunt County data-center plans (which include the ~260-acre Telios Quinlan One acquisition) drew organized resident opposition on water/noise/air-quality grounds.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-at1-atlanta-ga-ga",
    "name": "CoreSite AT1 - Atlanta, GA",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7559857,
      "lon": -84.3911712,
      "city": "Atlanta",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "street": "55 Marietta Street",
      "postalCode": "30303",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/at1-atlanta-ga",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12331366645",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12331366645",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via CoreSite official directory.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-at2-marietta-data-center-ga",
    "name": "CoreSite AT2 - Marietta Data Center",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9255145,
      "lon": -84.4816338,
      "city": "Marietta",
      "county": "Cobb",
      "street": "1130 Powers Ferry Place Southeast",
      "postalCode": "30067",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/at2-atlanta-ga",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/284044002",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/284044002",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed: 1130 Powers Ferry Place, Marietta, GA 30067.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-bo1-boston-ma-ma",
    "name": "CoreSite BO1 - Boston, MA",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3767059,
      "lon": -71.0797577,
      "city": "Somerville",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "70 Innerbelt Rd",
      "postalCode": "02143",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-centers/locations",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/29827954",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/29827954",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/bo1-boston-ma",
        "label": "CoreSite AI/HPC — Site page: BO1 Boston offers liquid cooling capabilities",
        "publisher": "coresite.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/584",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: CoreSite - Boston (BO1), 70 Innerbelt Rd, Somerville MA 02143",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Directory confirms CoreSite operates a single Boston-market facility (BO1); could not load a dedicated BO1 facility page to verify Somerville vs Boston-proper address, so citing the directory page rather than a fabricated per-facility URL. AI/HPC (likely): Site page: BO1 Boston offers liquid cooling capabilities.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-bowers-santa-clara-ca",
    "name": "CoreSite Bowers Data Center",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.389,
      "lon": -121.974,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2805 Bowers Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95051",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "poweredBy": "Silicon Valley Power (SVP) grid; new on-site substation planned",
    "announcedDate": "2024-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-01",
        "note": "GI Partners assembled Walsh Bowers Technology Center properties for ~$79M; 2805 Bowers Ave acquired from KeyPoint Credit Union for $37.5M"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-08",
        "note": "Santa Clara City Council unanimously approved demolition of 1975 office building and construction of 72MW, 244,070 sq ft four-story data center (Bowers Data Center and Bowers Backup Generating Facility); Planning Commission had deadlocked 3-2",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "CoreSite affiliate acquired 2805 Bowers Ave for ~$57M (part of $100M three-property deal from GI Partners); planning permission carries with land; redevelopment plans expected",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/gi-partners-secures-planning-permission-for-72mw-data-center-in-santa-clara-california/",
        "label": "GI Partners Secures Planning Permission for 72MW Data Center in Santa Clara",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coresite-acquires-silicon-valley-office-property-zoned-for-data-center-redevelopment/",
        "label": "CoreSite Acquires Silicon Valley Office Property Zoned for Data Center Redevelopment",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santaclaraca.gov/Home/Components/BusinessDirectory/BusinessDirectory/491/2495?npage=2",
        "label": "2805 Bowers Avenue — Data Center Project Listing",
        "publisher": "City of Santa Clara",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/bowers-backup-generating-facility",
        "label": "Bowers Backup Generating Facility (22-SPPE-01), 2805 Bowers Avenue",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/02/coresite-drops-100-million-on-santa-clara-tech-strip/",
        "label": "CoreSite drops $100 million on Santa Clara tech strip",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=2805%20Bowers%20Avenue%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 2805 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate based on 2805 Bowers Ave address. Originally a GI Partners project; CoreSite (owned by American Tower) acquired in Feb 2026 and is expected to redevelop under existing permit. CoreSite already operates a dense interconnection campus nearby in Santa Clara. No construction timeline announced as of mid-2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power (SVP)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 72,
      "notes": "New SVP substation to be constructed on-site. Backup: 32 Tier 4 diesel generators totaling 72MW emergency capacity."
    },
    "landAcres": 5,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Planning Commission voted 3-2 in favor but lacked quorum for formal recommendation. City Council approved unanimously in August 2024, overriding the deadlock. Mayor stated she had 'never heard any opposition to data centers.' No significant organized public opposition recorded.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-ch1-chicago-il",
    "name": "CoreSite CH1",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8763329,
      "lon": -87.6314808,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "427 S. LaSalle St.",
      "postalCode": "60605",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed as an active colocation facility on CoreSite's own site page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/ch1-chicago-il",
        "label": "CoreSite CH1 — Chicago, IL data center",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (Coresite, L.P., Chicago, 2020 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Downtown Chicago colocation facility adjacent to the Board of Trade; CoreSite's page states \"180,000+\" sq ft. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address. CoreSite, L.P. holds a 2020 Illinois Data Center Investment Program MOU for a Chicago site, but the state report does not say which of CoreSite's two Chicago facilities it covers, so no subsidy figure is attributed to this record.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-ch2-chicago-il",
    "name": "CoreSite CH2",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8628,
      "lon": -87.6413029,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "1432 S. Clinton St.",
      "postalCode": "60607",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed as an active colocation facility on CoreSite's own site page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/ch2-chicago-il",
        "label": "CoreSite CH2 — Chicago, IL data center",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "CoreSite's page states \"168,000+\" sq ft and \"18 MW\". Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-dc1-washington-d-c-dc",
    "name": "CoreSite DC1 - Washington, D.C.",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9028879,
      "lon": -77.0291491,
      "city": "Washington",
      "county": "District of Columbia",
      "street": "1275 K Street Northwest",
      "state": "DC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/751881301",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/751881301",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via CoreSite official directory + dedicated facility page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pepco"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-de3-denver-co",
    "name": "CoreSite DE3",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7392,
      "lon": -104.9903,
      "city": "Denver",
      "county": "Denver",
      "street": "4900 Race Street",
      "postalCode": "80216",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 60
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "CoreSite reached a key construction milestone on DE3, a Denver campus expansion (~600k sq ft, 60 critical MW)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251006047627/en/CoreSite-Achieves-Key-Construction-Milestone-for-New-DE3-Data-Center-in-Denver",
        "label": "CoreSite Achieves Key Construction Milestone for New DE3 Data Center in Denver",
        "publisher": "CoreSite / American Tower",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/de3-denver-co",
        "label": "CoreSite DE3 — Denver Data Center",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://denverite.com/2026/07/21/denver-data-center-noise-coresite/",
        "label": "Denver data center generators draw noise complaints in Elyria-Swansea (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Denverite / CPR News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/07/08/qts-aurora-data-center-diesel-generators/",
        "label": "Colorado's biggest data center wants to add another 98 diesel backup generators — CoreSite water-use figures (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://coloradosun.com/2026/06/18/colorado-data-center-update-pollution-protests-moratoriums/",
        "label": "What's the status of massive data centers in Colorado? (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "The Colorado Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "DE3 Denver campus expansion: ~600,000 sq ft, 60 critical MW. CoreSite is a colocation/interconnection operator hosting AI/cloud tenants → mixed_use. Coordinates are the Denver centroid. Owned by American Tower.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "The Colorado Sun reports CoreSite will draw from the Xcel grid rather than building its own generation; the fully built three-phase development would draw 65 to 75 MW, with phase one about 18 MW. Backup only: 14 diesel generators able to supply roughly 18 MW during outages; under its state air permit no single engine may be tested more than 25 hours a year, between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.115,
      "notes": "A CoreSite spokesperson told CPR News the facility is expected to consume an average of 115,000 gallons per day and 230,000 gallons per day at peak capacity, using evaporative cooling."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Elyria-Swansea residents have opposed the project over water use, air pollution and noise since construction began, holding a neighborhood press conference in February 2026; the backlash helped prompt Denver's one-year moratorium on new data center approvals, passed by city council in May 2026, which blocks CoreSite's two additional planned buildings but not the one already standing. Generator startup testing in July 2026 drew complaints from neighbors at the adjacent Viña Apartments and from Tepeyac Community Health Center; a local science teacher won a community grant to measure infrasound at the site.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-hillsboro-or",
    "name": "CoreSite Hillsboro Data Campus (HI1/HI2)",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5594015,
      "lon": -122.9522867,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "5420 NE Sewell Avenue",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-05",
        "note": "Development-review application DR-012-26 filed for a phased 547,239 sq ft campus on land CoreSite Real Estate Hillsboro, LLC bought in September 2025 for $21,196,812; still under Type II administrative review with no staff report or Notice of Decision issued.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/coresite-proposes-massive-multi-story-hillsboro-data-campus-opposite-county-homes-and-over-wetlands-a-showdown-is-brewing/",
        "label": "CoreSite Proposes Massive Multi-Story Hillsboro Data Campus Opposite County Homes And Over Wetlands (case file DR-012-26)",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Two-building phased campus totalling 547,239 sq ft on a 19.73-acre parcel; Phase 2 building HI2 is a four-storey, 92-foot data hall. Applicant of record is CoreSite Real Estate Hillsboro, LLC. No megawatt figure has been published. CoreSite has no other tracked Oregon site.",
    "landAcres": 19.73,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Neighbouring property owners filed letters of concern over Oregon white oak removal via a fee-in-lieu buyout, wetland and greenway encroachment, and the 92-foot four-storey Phase 2 building. Opponents are pressing the city to elevate the application from Type II administrative review to a Type III public hearing.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-la1-los-angeles-ca",
    "name": "CoreSite LA1 (One Wilshire)",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0478871,
      "lon": -118.2555541,
      "city": "Los Angeles",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "624 South Grand Avenue",
      "postalCode": "90017",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/la1-los-angeles-ca",
        "label": "CoreSite LA1 facility page",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/spec-sheets/los-angeles-la1-facility-spec-sheet",
        "label": "CoreSite LA1 facility spec sheet",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/gi-partners-refinances-one-wilshire-carrier-hotel-in-los-angeles/",
        "label": "GI Partners refinances One Wilshire carrier hotel in Los Angeles",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/deals/gi-partners-buys-la-telecom-hub-one-wilshire",
        "label": "GI Partners buys LA telecom hub One Wilshire",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "This record represents only CoreSite's leased footprint (35 suites since 2007) inside One Wilshire, a 30-story, 300+-tenant carrier-hotel building built in 1966. The building is owned by GI Partners' TechCore fund (a CalPERS-backed real-estate vehicle), not by CoreSite - GI Partners acquired it for $437.5M in 2013. No capacity (MW) disclosed by CoreSite for its LA1 suites; an aggregator-only ~32MW whole-building figure is not attributed to CoreSite and is omitted, consistent with this dataset's treatment of other multi-tenant carrier hotels (see the NY1/60 Hudson Street record). No AI/HPC-specific marketing found - generic high-density/connectivity language only. Distinct from CoreSite's LA2 (900 N. Alameda Street, a former mail facility). Coordinates are an approximate building geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-la2-los-angeles-ca-ca",
    "name": "CoreSite LA2 - Los Angeles, CA",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0584789,
      "lon": -118.2359144,
      "city": "Los Angeles",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Los Angeles Department of Water & Power",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/la2-los-angeles-ca",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/13042311881",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/13042311881",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed: 900 N. Alameda St, LA 90012, operational retrofit of 1940s mail facility. AI/HPC (likely): Site page: liquid cooling capabilities offered at LA2/LA3.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Los Angeles Department of Water & Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-mi1-miami-fl",
    "name": "CoreSite MI1 — Miami",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.797548,
      "lon": -80.230038,
      "city": "Miami",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "2115 NW 22nd St",
      "postalCode": "33142",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/mi1-miami-fl",
        "label": "CoreSite — MI1 Miami data center page (2115 NW 22nd St, 45,000+ sq ft)",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Miami",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"CoreSite - Miami (MI1)\", 2115 NW 22nd Street",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "45,000+ sq ft purpose-built facility constructed to withstand a Category 5 hurricane; AC and DC power with diverse utility feeds and N/2N UPS options; lit-fiber connected to CoreSite MI2 in Doral.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-mi2-doral-fl",
    "name": "CoreSite MI2 — Doral",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.793318,
      "lon": -80.333581,
      "city": "Doral",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "2100 NW 84th Ave",
      "postalCode": "33122",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/mi2-miami-fl",
        "label": "CoreSite — MI2 Miami/Doral data center page (2100 NW 84th Ave, 103,000+ sq ft)",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Miami",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"CoreSite - Miami (MI2)\", 2100 NW 84th Ave, Doral",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "103,000+ sq ft freestanding facility in America's Gateway Park, Doral; N+1 generator and 2N UPS/PDU/RPP redundancy; roof rated for 185-mph gusts.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-ny2-secaucus-nj-nj",
    "name": "CoreSite NY2 - Secaucus, NJ",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7842844,
      "lon": -74.0652426,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://coresite.com/data-center/ny2-secaucus-nj",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/714139868",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/714139868",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "CoreSite's directory lists only one Secaucus facility (NY2); no separate 'NY3' or 'Secaucus Campus' facility exists per official page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-ny3-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "CoreSite NY3",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7849039,
      "lon": -74.0653573,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "2 Emerson Lane",
      "postalCode": "07094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Described on CoreSite's own facility page as a purpose-built, high-performance data center serving customers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://coresite.com/data-center/ny3-secaucus-nj",
        "label": "CoreSite NY3 Secaucus NJ data center page",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=2+Emerson+Lane,+Secaucus,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building 'CoreSite NY3' (building=data_center) via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "138,000+ sq ft, described by CoreSite as located adjacent to NY2 on the same Secaucus campus with access to 80+ networks. Tracked separately from the existing CoreSite NY2 record because OpenStreetMap maps NY3 as its own building and PeeringDB lists it as a distinct facility; the two share the 2 Emerson Lane campus address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-or1-orlando-fl",
    "name": "CoreSite OR1 — Orlando",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.429212,
      "lon": -81.420781,
      "city": "Orlando",
      "county": "Orange",
      "street": "9701 S. John Young Parkway",
      "postalCode": "32819",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "129,000 sq ft colocation campus at 9701 S John Young Pkwy, rebranded from DataSite in 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.growthspotter.com/2026/06/02/coresite-looks-to-add-second-orlando-data-center-building/",
        "label": "CoreSite looks to add second Orlando data center building",
        "publisher": "GrowthSpotter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services9.arcgis.com/Gh9awoU677aKree0/arcgis/rest/services/Florida_Statewide_Cadastral/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCEL_ID%3D%27042429000000016%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Orange County parcel/GIS record (parcel 042429000000016)",
        "publisher": "Orange County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Orlando",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"CoreSite - Orlando (OR1)\", 9701 S John Young Parkway, Orlando FL 32819",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "129,000 sq ft colocation facility on a 16-acre campus at 9701 S John Young Pkwy (rebranded from DataSite in 2022). A ~76,280 sq ft second building is proposed, with an ERP modification filed May 2026.",
    "landAcres": 16,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-sv1-san-jose-ca-ca",
    "name": "CoreSite SV1 - San Jose, CA",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3341181,
      "lon": -121.891646,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "55 South Market Street",
      "postalCode": "95113",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/sv1-san-jose-ca",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/8897151054",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/8897151054",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "OSM name 'San Jose Colocation Center' matches SV1 at 55 S. Market St, confirmed via facility page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-va1-reston-va-va",
    "name": "CoreSite VA1 - Reston, VA",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9506059,
      "lon": -77.3645496,
      "city": "Reston",
      "county": "Fairfax",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/va1-reston-va",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/79298926",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/79298926",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/va3-reston-va",
        "label": "CoreSite AI/HPC — CoreSite offers liquid cooling capabilities at VA1 (Northern Virginia)",
        "publisher": "coresite.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed exact match: 12100 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20191. AI/HPC (likely): CoreSite offers liquid cooling capabilities at VA1 (Northern Virginia).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "coresite-va3-reston-va-va",
    "name": "CoreSite VA3 - Reston, VA",
    "operator": "CoreSite",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9483343,
      "lon": -77.3724298,
      "city": "Reston",
      "county": "Fairfax",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Dominion Energy 100% Renewable Energy Program (solar, hydroelectric, biomass; VA3-specific green tariff)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/va3-reston-va",
        "label": "CoreSite facility directory",
        "publisher": "CoreSite",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/79818498",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/79818498",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211129005079/en/CoreSites-VA3-Data-Center-Powered-by-100-Renewable-Energy",
        "label": "CoreSite's VA3 Data Center Powered by 100% Renewable Energy (Business Wire, 2021)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Part of confirmed 3-facility Reston campus (986,000+ sq ft total) per directory + VA1 page cross-reference. AI/HPC (confirmed): NVIDIA DGX-Ready certified; named liquid-cooled GPU/NVIDIA deployments.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "VA3 is enrolled in Dominion Energy's voluntary 100% Renewable Energy Program — a green-tariff sourcing locally-sourced solar, hydroelectric, and biomass delivered over the Dominion grid, applied specifically to VA3 (VA1/VA2 on the same Reston campus are not covered), per CoreSite's Nov 2021 announcement."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "coreweave-dalton-ii-old-tilton-road-whitfield-ga",
    "name": "CoreWeave Dalton II / Core Scientific Old Tilton Road Data Center",
    "operator": "Core Scientific",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.69265485,
      "lon": -84.94183002,
      "city": "Dalton",
      "county": "Whitfield",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-04",
        "note": "under construction per Whitfield County Board of Commissioners rezoning vote, Old Tilton Road (Core Scientific)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://daltoncitizen.com/2025/03/11/whitfield-county-commissioners-approve-rezoning-for-data-center-despite-opposition/",
        "label": "Whitfield County Board of Commissioners rezoning vote, Old Tilton Road (Core Scientific)",
        "publisher": "Dalton Daily Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://daltoncitizen.com/2026/06/03/court-reviews-15-billion-in-data-center-bonds-thursday-citizens-hold-limited-intervention-rights/",
        "label": "Court reviews $15 billion in data center bonds: Integra SPV A/B/C $1.2B bonds for ~167-acre Tilton Road site owned by Core Scientific, subleased to CoreWeave Dalton II",
        "publisher": "Dalton Daily Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://daltoncitizen.com/2026/06/04/judge-validates-15-2-billion-in-data-center-related-bonds/",
        "label": "Judge validates $15.2 billion in data center-related bonds",
        "publisher": "Dalton Daily Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newschannel9.com/news/local/5-million-a-month-in-power-dalton-ai-data-center-moves-forward-amid-energy-debate-core-scientific-dalton-whitfield-county-rezoning-m-2-ai-data-center-georgia-dalton-utilities-transfer-fee-old-tilton-road-development",
        "label": "Trump highlights AI data center energy use as construction for Dalton facility advances",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.whitfieldcountyga.com/GIS/WCGIS/parceldetail.asp?txtrealkey=31339",
        "label": "Whitfield County GIS/Tax Assessor parcel detail, parcel 13-060-01-000",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Whitfield County BOC rezoning (3-2, tie broken by Chairman Jevin Jensen) approved March 2025 for 'heavy manufacturing' use (AI data center per contemporaneous reporting), conditioned on Enterprise Drive access. A June 2026 Whitfield Superior Court validated a $1.2B Integra SPV equipment-bond package tied to this ~167-173 acre site, naming CoreWeave Dalton II LLC as sublessee/operator. Same June 2026 hearing validated much larger CoreWeave Dalton / CoreWeave Dalton II bond series ($900M + $6.4B + $6.7B) that likely cover Core Scientific's OTHER Whitfield campus sites (Industrial South Road, Enterprise Drive) — those are separate parcels/rezonings and were not pursued as additional candidates this pass to avoid parcel-level double-counting; flagged for a future lane pass with GIS/parcel-level dedup once individual site addresses for those bond packages are confirmed. Core Scientific is site owner; CoreWeave Dalton II, LLC is sublessee/operator.",
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 173.3,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Rezoning approved on a 3-2 vote, tie broken by the board chairman (March 2025)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "coreweave-digital-crossroads-hammond-in",
    "name": "CoreWeave Digital Crossroads",
    "operator": "CoreWeave",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5836,
      "lon": -87.5,
      "city": "Hammond",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 180
    },
    "poweredBy": "NIPSCO",
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Hammond approved a 180 MW CoreWeave data center at the Digital Crossroads campus (June 2025); targeted 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06-30",
        "note": "City of Hammond announced the development agreement expired June 30, 2026 - required milestones and obligations were not completed by the deadline, and no further extensions were offered; no groundbreaking occurred.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-to-develop-180mw-data-center-at-digital-crossroads-campus-in-hammond-indiana/",
        "label": "CoreWeave to develop 180MW data center at Digital Crossroads campus in Hammond, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gohammond.com/hammond-announces-expiration-of-data-center-development-agreement/",
        "label": "Hammond announces expiration of data center development agreement",
        "publisher": "City of Hammond",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "180 MW facility at the Digital Crossroads campus in Hammond, Lake County; city approved June 2025, NIPSCO lease pending, targeted 2027. Coordinates are the Hammond area centroid. UPDATE (2026-07): the City of Hammond announced the CoreWeave / Decennial development agreement EXPIRED June 30, 2026 - required milestones were not met and no extensions were offered; no groundbreaking occurred. The June 2025 city approval, the 10-year real-property and 20-year personal-property tax abatements, and the ~$2B construction / ~$5B equipment figures were all tied to this now-lapsed agreement (never triggered). Status corrected under_construction -> cancelled.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NIPSCO"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "coreweave-kenilworth-nj",
    "name": "CoreWeave NEST Campus",
    "operator": "CoreWeave",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6762,
      "lon": -74.2913,
      "city": "Kenilworth",
      "county": "Union",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site power (former Merck campus infrastructure) + PSE&G grid",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Awarded $250M NJ state tax credit under new EDA program; CoreWeave purchased former Merck campus on Galloping Hill Rd for $322M",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Construction began September 2025; 392,600 sq ft facility; operational target early 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://re-nj.com/coreweave-begins-1-8-billion-data-center-project-in-kenilworth-landing-first-award-under-new-eda-tax-credit-program/",
        "label": "CoreWeave begins $1.8B data center project in Kenilworth — Real Estate NJ",
        "publisher": "Real Estate NJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newjersey.news12.com/ai-data-center-under-construction-in-kenilworth-draws-mixed-reactions-from-residents",
        "label": "AI Data Center Under Construction in Kenilworth draws mixed reactions — News 12 NJ",
        "publisher": "News 12 New Jersey",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newjersey.news12.com/2026/04/20/ai-data-center-under-construction-in-kenilworth-draws-mixed-reactions-from-residents/73qGMUnu1BjBupokxeSIjG",
        "label": "AI data center under construction in Kenilworth draws mixed reactions from residents — News 12 New Jersey",
        "publisher": "News 12 New Jersey",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-acquires-nest-data-center-for-322m-at-life-sciences-campus-in-new-jersey/",
        "label": "CoreWeave acquires NEST data center for $322m at life-sciences campus in New Jersey — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.njeda.gov/nextnjai/",
        "label": "Next New Jersey Program – AI — NJ Economic Development Authority",
        "publisher": "NJ Economic Development Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PSE&G",
      "notes": "Grid-served via PSE&G (PJM), which conducted load studies and committed grid infrastructure. The site is a former Merck research campus; reports of a legacy on-site power plant and substation are unconfirmed in primary sources."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The mayor states the facility uses a closed-loop cooling system that avoids continuous use of local water; no volume (MGD) is disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "New Jersey EDA 'Next New Jersey — AI' tax credit — up to $250M ($50M/year for five years, performance-based, 10-year retention); CoreWeave was the first award under the program, which NJ later froze",
        "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1760000000,
    "landAcres": 27,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 143,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The mayor backs the project as filling the economic gap left by Merck's departure, and CoreWeave is New Jersey-based. But residents circulated a petition with 1,500+ signatures citing water, flood-risk, and electricity-cost concerns, and the state froze the incentive program after broader backlash over power costs.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "coreweave-lancaster-pa",
    "name": "CoreWeave Lancaster Data Center",
    "operator": "CoreWeave",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.0379,
      "lon": -76.3055,
      "city": "Lancaster",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "street": "216 Greenfield Road",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "CoreWeave announced up to $6B commitment; initial 100 MW expanding to 300 MW; AI-focused",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-Announces-Multi-Billion-Dollar-Commitment-to-AI-Infrastructure-in-Pennsylvania/default.aspx",
        "label": "CoreWeave Announces Multi-Billion Dollar Commitment to AI Infrastructure in Pennsylvania — CoreWeave",
        "publisher": "CoreWeave",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-plans-6bn-data-center-in-lancaster-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "CoreWeave plans $6bn data center in Lancaster, Pennsylvania — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.witf.org/2025/09/27/data-centers-water-allotment-to-be-80-less-than-former-printing-plants-in-lancaster-city/",
        "label": "Data centers' water allotment to be 80% less than former printing plants — WITF",
        "publisher": "WITF Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Community-Benefits-Agreement-Summary-1-1.pdf",
        "label": "Community Benefits Agreement Summary — City of Lancaster, PA",
        "publisher": "City of Lancaster, PA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/lancaster-pa-zoning-may-limit-input-on-6b-data-center",
        "label": "Lancaster, Pa., Zoning May Limit Input on $6B Data Center — Government Technology",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/ai-cloud-computing-firm-announces-plans-for-6b-data-center-in-lancaster-county/article_269bec19-6d27-41f0-8486-01149492ecf0.html",
        "label": "AI cloud computing firm announces plans for $6B data center in Lancaster County",
        "publisher": "LancasterOnline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.credaily.com/briefs/coreweave-funding-powers-4b-ai-data-center-in-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "CoreWeave Funding Powers $4B AI Data Center In Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "CRE Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rebusinessonline.com/coreweave-to-invest-6b-for-ai-based-data-center-in-lancaster-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "CoreWeave to Invest $6B for AI-Based Data Center in Lancaster, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "REBusinessOnline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PPL Electric",
      "notes": "Grid-served via PPL Electric (PJM); developers committed ~$200M with PPL for grid upgrades including two on-site substations, and the community benefits agreement requires 100% clean energy. An initial 100 MW phase is planned with potential expansion toward 300 MW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Air-cooled, closed-loop design; the developer states no municipal water will be used in cooling. The community benefits agreement caps water at 20,000 gal/day per campus — a claimed >80% reduction from the former printing plants on the sites."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 144,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 600,
      "permanent": 70,
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Repurposing two former printing plants drew strong resident opposition (about 20 speakers against, none in favor, at one hearing) and a challenge to the zoning classification that bypassed public hearings; the city is drafting a data-center-specific ordinance. Notably, the developer is receiving no local tax breaks — the city confirmed LERTA and CRIZ do not apply — and instead signed a 20-year, ~$20M community benefits agreement, described as the first data-center-specific CBA in the US. Reported job figures conflict: the binding agreement cites ~2,000 construction and 350 permanent, while CoreWeave's own release cites ~600 construction and 70–175 permanent.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "corscale-gainesville-crossing-va",
    "name": "Gainesville Crossing Digital Campus (GCDC)",
    "operator": "Corscale Data Centers (Patrinely / USAA Real Estate)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.78,
      "lon": -77.62,
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "Dominion Energy",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "Gainesville Crossing Data Campus underway on I-66 in Prince William County; ~130 acres, Phase 1 online 2022",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/new-hyperscale-developer-corscale-is-behind-300mw-gainesville-crossing-campus-in-prince-william-county/",
        "label": "New hyperscale developer Corscale is behind 300MW Gainesville Crossing campus in Prince William County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2026/07/digital-gateway-data-center-project-dies-after-final-developer-withdraws-appeal/",
        "label": "Digital Gateway data center project dies after final developer withdraws appeal",
        "publisher": "WTOP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://affiniuscapital.com/projects/gcdc/",
        "label": "Gainesville Crossing Digital Campus (GCDC)",
        "publisher": "Affinius Capital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://protectpwc.org/gainesville-crossing-data-center-complex/",
        "label": "Gainesville Crossing data center complex",
        "publisher": "Coalition to Protect Prince William County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/35467/639105417615730000",
        "label": "Virginia DEQ air permit 74241-3 (issued 2025-11-21)",
        "publisher": "Virginia DEQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~130-acre campus on Interstate 66; ~306 MW via an on-site Dominion substation. Distinct from the separately-tracked QTS/Compass 'PW Digital Gateway' site (~2,100 acres at Pageland Lane) — which QTS terminated in July 2026. Capacity recorded at 300 MW per the DCD primary source (a 326 MW figure also circulates). Coordinates are the Gainesville area centroid. The only confirmed money figure is the ~$74.5M 2020 land purchase (a real-estate transaction, not construction capex) -> investmentUsd omitted; no headcount is disclosed; the VA sales-and-use tax exemption is eligibility-gated with no public award.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "Powered via a dedicated on-site Dominion Energy 135 kV substation (~306 MW); the design targets a PUE of 1.25. No confirmed renewable PPA or on-site generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Air-cooled chillers (Airedale by Modine) with liquid-cooled options available; LEED / water-use-efficiency targets. No confirmed operational daily-use figure published."
    },
    "landAcres": 130,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Prince William County BOS approved the Gainesville Crossing rezoning (REZ2018-00008) 7-1 on Dec 10 2019 over opposition from the Coalition to Protect Prince William County (Elena Schlossberg: 'Citizens are carrying the burden of the massive infrastructure bills for these energy hogs'). Distinct from the separately-contested PW Digital Gateway / Pageland Lane project (voided by courts in 2025); GCDC's own approval is not under legal challenge.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "crane-clean-energy-center-tmi-pa",
    "name": "Crane Clean Energy Center (Three Mile Island Unit 1)",
    "operator": "Constellation Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1542,
      "lon": -76.725,
      "city": "Middletown",
      "county": "Dauphin",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 835
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-09-20",
        "note": "Constellation announces Crane Clean Energy Center restart + 20-year Microsoft PPA",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06-08",
        "note": "NRC issues Draft Environmental Assessment and Draft FONSI, finding the restart would have no significant environmental impacts; restoration underway pending final NRC approval (final restart decision anticipated 2027)",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-09",
        "note": "Physical restoration/refurbishment of the mothballed Unit 1 is underway ahead of the planned restart (renamed Crane Clean Energy Center): the main office building has been fully restored, inspections of the steam generator/main generator/rotor/turbines/feedwater heaters/condensers completed, a $35M contract for three new main power transformers awarded (delivery 2026), and 200+ FTE hired — all reported underway by Feb 2025. Restoration proceeds in parallel with the still-pending NRC license reauthorization (draft environmental assessment public-comment period closed July 8, 2026; restart targeted 2027-2028). Powers Microsoft under a 20-year PPA.",
        "sourceIndex": 13
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2024/Constellation-to-Launch-Crane-Clean-Energy-Center-Restoring-Jobs-and-Carbon-Free-Power-to-The-Grid.html",
        "label": "Constellation to Launch Crane Clean Energy Center, Restoring Jobs and Carbon-Free Power to The Grid",
        "publisher": "Constellation Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactors/ccec",
        "label": "Christopher M. Crane Clean Energy Center facility info page",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1906/ML19067A010.pdf",
        "label": "Three Mile Island Unit 1 License Renewal Application / site description",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2509/ML25090A037.pdf",
        "label": "Crane Clean Energy Center site correspondence showing address (2625 River Road, Middletown, PA 17057)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2519/ML25198A239.pdf",
        "label": "License amendment filing, July 22, 2025",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2529/ML25293A010.pdf",
        "label": "Physical security/emergency plan filing, Oct 21, 2025",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/24/2026-03626/constellation-energy-generation-llc-christopher-m-crane-clean-energy-center-applications-for",
        "label": "NRC notice, license amendment applications / No Significant Hazards Consideration, Feb 24, 2026",
        "publisher": "Federal Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/06/08/2026-11377/constellation-energy-generation-llc-christopher-m-crane-clean-energy-center-draft-environmental",
        "label": "NRC Draft Environmental Assessment / Draft FONSI, June 8, 2026",
        "publisher": "Federal Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827525000023/ceg-20241231.htm",
        "label": "Constellation Energy Corp SEC Form 10-K FY2024",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.eenews.net/articles/three-mile-island-restart-closes-in-on-nrc-approval/",
        "label": "Three Mile Island restart closes in on NRC approval",
        "publisher": "E&E News (POLITICO)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://penncapital-star.com/energy-environment/nuclear-regulators-hear-concerns-about-plan-to-restart-three-mile-island-reactor/",
        "label": "Nuclear regulators hear concerns about plan to restart Three Mile Island reactor",
        "publisher": "Pennsylvania Capital-Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://penncapital-star.com/energy-environment/nuclear-regulatory-commission-panel-hears-worries-but-mostly-support-for-tmi-restart/",
        "label": "Nuclear Regulatory Commission panel hears worries, but mostly support for Three Mile Island restart",
        "publisher": "Pennsylvania Capital-Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nrc-reviews-three-mile-island-reopening-plans-in-public-meeting/",
        "label": "NRC reviews Three Mile Island nuclear plant reopening plans in public meeting",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/us-reactor-restart-project-ahead-of-schedule",
        "label": "Three Mile Island restart project 'ahead of schedule' (physical restoration work underway, Feb 2025)",
        "publisher": "World Nuclear News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-04-03/article-7905/constellation-seeks-ferc-help-with-crane-restart/",
        "label": "Constellation seeks FERC help with Crane restart",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society — Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Restoration underway pending final NRC approval — physical restart work (steam generator, main generator, emergency diesel generator, and underground piping inspections; ~500 on-site staff as of Sept 2025) is proceeding, but the final NRC restart license-amendment decision is not expected until 2027. Jobs figure (3,400 direct/indirect) is a third-party Brattle Group economic-impact projection, not an audited actual, and was omitted from the structured jobs field for that reason; investmentUsd of $1.6B is Constellation's own disclosed restart capex estimate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Restart of Three Mile Island Unit 1 (shut 2019). Delivers into the PJM grid. Target in-service reported as 2027 (2026 coverage) to 2028 (original 2024 announcement)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "U.S. Department of Energy loan",
        "amountUsd": 1000000000,
        "jurisdiction": "United States",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 14
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1600000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Union/economic-development support alongside organized opposition (Three Mile Island Alert, Sierra Club PA, local residents) over spent-fuel storage, water use, and safety; interventions before NRC/DEP/Susquehanna River Basin Commission.",
      "sourceIndex": 11
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Microsoft",
      "notes": "20-year PPA; Microsoft matches its PJM-region data-center consumption (no single named data center). $1B U.S. DOE federal loan backs the restart. Plant is in Londonderry Township, Dauphin County, near Middletown, PA."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "crane-pdx01-forest-grove-or",
    "name": "Crane PDX01",
    "operator": "Crane Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5207,
      "lon": -123.1087,
      "city": "Forest Grove",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 76
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Forest Grove planning commission greenlit Crane's PDX01 campus (76 MW by 2026), Washington County",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/planning-commission-greenlights-crane-dcs-forest-grove-data-center-in-northwest-oregon-again/",
        "label": "Planning commission greenlights Crane DC's Forest Grove data center in northwest Oregon, again",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/oregons-forest-grove-data-center-gets-city-council-approval-again-again/",
        "label": "Oregon's Forest Grove data center gets City Council approval, again",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://forestgrovenewstimes.com/2025/08/18/construction-boots-up-on-first-data-center-in-forest-grove/",
        "label": "Construction boots up on first data center in Forest Grove (air cooling; municipal utility)",
        "publisher": "Forest Grove News-Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "PDX01 data center campus in Forest Grove, Washington County; 76 MW by 2026. Coordinates are the Forest Grove area centroid. Development cost not disclosed (partner: Principal Asset Management) -> investmentUsd omitted. No job counts disclosed -> jobs honest-zero. Crane markets property-tax / enterprise-zone incentives, but no signed agreement is on record (statewide Oregon EZ moratorium eff. June 2026) -> subsidy honest-zero.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Forest Grove Light & Power",
      "notes": "Served by Forest Grove Light & Power (municipal), which purchases ~90% of its power from the Bonneville Power Administration (hydro-dominant); Crane built a developer-funded on-site 115 kV substation (no on-site generation)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Phase 1 confirmed air-based cooling (City Community Development Director; Crane CEO): the company 'has not applied to use water cooling for its first building ... will rely on air-based cooling, limiting water consumption to typical plumbing needs.' A 2023 release mentioned recycled water for cooling (likely a later phase)."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Two-round appeal fight: planning staff approved (July 2024); a resident appeal was denied by the Planning Commission (4-2, Sept 3, 2024); a further appeal was denied by City Council (5-0, Oct 14, 2024). Opposition centered on building scale (~75 ft), shadowing of homes, wetlands/habitat, and grid strain. The project prevailed; no lawsuit found.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "crane-pdx02-forest-grove-or",
    "name": "Crane PDX02",
    "operator": "Crane Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.51904,
      "lon": -123.11106,
      "city": "Forest Grove",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 48
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cranedc.com/data-centers/oregon-data-center",
        "label": "Crane Data Centers — Oregon (Portland Metro campus, Forest Grove): 'PDX02: ~48 MW and ~150,000 sf'; campus combined capacity 100+ MW; 'Q3 2026 ready for service'. PDX01 Phase 1 and Phase 2 are each listed separately at 24 MW / 36,000 sf white space",
        "publisher": "Crane Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked Crane Data Centers' own project page (2026-09-10); it contains only technical specifications and facility features. No public hearing, resident reaction, or official statement of support/opposition documented in this source.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Crane states the Portland Metro campus is 'powered by low cost, renewable energy, utilizing sources like wind and solar', with a design target of 1.3 PUE at full IT capacity and 667+ watts/ft2 high-density cooling."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crawfish-creek-energy-storage-jackson-al",
    "name": "Crawfish Creek Energy Storage",
    "operator": "Plus Power",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.83057,
      "lon": -85.66845,
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "EIA Form 860M (July 2026 generator inventory) lists Crawfish Creek Energy Storage (plant 70138, Crawfish Creek Energy Storage LLC, Jackson County, AL, TVA balancing authority) at 200 MW of batteries with a planned operation date of June 2029 and status \"(T) Regulatory approvals received. Not under construction.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "EIA Form 860M, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory, July 2026 (Planned sheet, plant ID 70138)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/tva-plus-power-to-deploy-200-mw800-mwh-bess-in-alabama/818717/",
        "label": "TVA, Plus Power to deploy 200 MW/800 MWh BESS in Alabama",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the site location as reported by the project company in its EIA-860M filing; reverse geocoding places the point on County Road 197 in Jackson County. Jackson County also hosts the tracked Google campus at Stevenson/Bridgeport - this is a separate, unaffiliated storage facility.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "offtaker": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "200 MW / 800 MWh utility-scale battery energy storage under a 20-year energy storage agreement with TVA, selected through a TVA capacity RFP. Plus Power expects construction to begin in 2028 and the system to go live in 2029. TVA cites data-center-driven load growth - it projects data center demand across its service area to double by 2030 - among the reasons for adding capacity; the contract counterparty is TVA, not a named compute campus."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "creekstone-delta-ut",
    "name": "Creekstone Energy Delta Gigasite",
    "operator": "Creekstone Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3527,
      "lon": -112.5777,
      "city": "Delta",
      "county": "Millard",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 10000
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site natural gas + utility-scale solar (SITLA lease) + nuclear planned",
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Creekstone announced Delta Gigasite; committed $17B to Millard County project; Series B funding closed led by Trident Ridge"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Broke ground December 2025 on Delta site; first 300MW gas-fired power delivery targeted H1 2027; permits issued",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/zeo-energy-to-supply-280mw-of-power-for-creekstone-energys-up-to-10gw-data-center-campus-in-millard-county-utah/",
        "label": "Zeo Energy to supply 280MW for Creekstone's 10GW Delta Gigasite",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://business.utah.gov/tax-credits/creekstone-energy-llc-commits-17-billion-to-millard-county-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Creekstone Energy Commits $17B to Millard County — Utah Governor's Office",
        "publisher": "Utah Governor's Office of Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260310800142/en/Creekstone-Energy-Secures-Largest-Solar-Lease-in-Utahs-History-and-Receives-Millard-County-Zoning-Approval-for-Over-1-GW-of-Solar-Development",
        "label": "Creekstone Energy Secures 13,000-Acre SITLA Solar Lease (Largest in Utah History)",
        "publisher": "BusinessWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2026/03/1-gw-solar-project-planned-for-utah-hyperscale-data-center/",
        "label": "1-GW solar project planned for Utah hyperscale data center",
        "publisher": "Solar Power World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Claims to be world's largest planned AI data center campus at 20M sq ft. 1,143 acres owned; 13,000-acre SITLA lease for solar (largest solar lease in Utah history — record previously stated 30,000 acres, corrected to 13,000 acres per March 2026 BusinessWire announcement and multiple independent sources). Initial customer BluSky AI allocated up to 50MW. Adjacent to Intermountain Power Project. 10GW is full-buildout target; first 300MW gas delivery H1 2027. Coordinates at Delta city centroid; site is southeast of Delta.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 300,
      "notes": "43,000 Dth/day natural gas via executed interconnect; 13,000-acre SITLA solar lease (largest solar lease in Utah history, announced March 10, 2026); Torus battery/flywheel storage installed Dec 2025; MOU with EnergySolutions for 2GW+ nuclear feasibility (2030–2035 horizon). Off-grid design."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Dry cooling design described as 'essentially waterless operation'"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Rural Economic Development Tax Increment Financing (REDTIF) — 50% post-performance tax credit",
        "jurisdiction": "Utah Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 17000000000,
    "landAcres": 1143,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 106,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "crg-festus-data-center-mo",
    "name": "Festus Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "CRG (Clayco)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.2192,
      "lon": -90.399,
      "city": "Festus",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "street": "North of Highway 67, west of Highway CC",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03-30",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2026-03-31/festus-data-center-development-approval",
        "label": "Festus council approves $6 billion data center plan despite massive public pushback",
        "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/press-release-crg-unveils-refined-conceptual-design-for-proposed-festus-data-center-launches-community-information-website/",
        "label": "CRG Unveils Refined Conceptual Design for Proposed Festus Data Center",
        "publisher": "The Missouri Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://festusdatacenter.org/",
        "label": "Festus Data Center — community information site",
        "publisher": "CRG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.festusmo.gov/",
        "label": "Correction source",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Festus City Council approved a development-agreement ordinance 6-2 on 2026-03-30 covering a refined ~600MW, four-building conceptual plan on 360 rezoned acres (188 acres permanently preserved). Two active lawsuits seek to invalidate the rezoning/development agreement; no end-user tenant has been publicly named and construction has not started as of this session.",
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 360,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crofton-bluffs-wind-knox-ne",
    "name": "Crofton Bluffs Wind Farm",
    "operator": "Nebraska Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.7078,
      "lon": -97.5745,
      "county": "Knox",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 40.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012-11",
        "note": "Nebraska DWEE records a November 2012 online date; Global Energy Monitor records 2012 commissioning.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Crofton_Bluffs_wind_farm",
        "label": "Crofton Bluffs wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Nebraska DWEE lists 40.6 MW with NPPD, OPPD, MEAN and Lincoln Electric System as offtakers; Global Energy Monitor lists 40 MW and records NPPD at 50% ownership alongside Clearway Energy Group. Second wind site in Knox County alongside Elkhorn Ridge — the two carry distinct coordinates and capacities.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "crosland-southeast-matthews-project-accelerate-nc",
    "name": "Project Accelerate — Matthews (East John Street)",
    "operator": "Crosland Southeast",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.1015,
      "lon": -80.7082,
      "city": "Matthews",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "street": "1603 East John Street",
      "postalCode": "28105",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Matthews Board of Commissioners initiated a rezoning for the 123-acre site at 1603 E. John St. for data center use; five two-story buildings were proposed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-10-08",
        "note": "Developers withdrew the rezoning request; the mayor announced the withdrawal after sustained public opposition.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/matthews-data-center-project-withdrawn-132947026.html",
        "label": "Matthews data center project withdrawn",
        "publisher": "Charlotte Business Journal (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Codenamed Project Accelerate; Engineered Land Solutions worked with Crosland Southeast on the filing. Capacity is omitted deliberately: the 'up to 600 MW' figure describes the withdrawn proposal's electricity request, not a built or permitted capacity. Re-checked 2026-09-10: the record is accurate. The withdrawal date (Oct. 8, 2025) and reason (public opposition) were confirmed again; no new filings or developments found at this site since.",
    "landAcres": 123,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A petition against the project gathered more than 2,700 signatures; residents raised noise, power, water and neighborhood-character concerns. Mayor John Higdon attributed the withdrawal to 'overwhelming public distaste'.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crow-holdings-cleanarc-stemmons-dallas-tx",
    "name": "Crow Holdings Stemmons Corridor Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Crow Holdings (developed and leased by CleanArc Data Centers)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.7762719,
      "lon": -96.7968559,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 245
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-20",
        "note": "Crow Holdings announced the 245 MW campus; CleanArc named as development and leasing lead in February 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.crowholdings.com/insights/crow-holdings-announces-245mw-flagship-data-center-campus-in-central-dallas/",
        "label": "Crow Holdings Announces 245MW Flagship Data Center Campus in Central Dallas",
        "publisher": "Crow Holdings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Roughly 40 acres along the Stemmons Corridor that Crow Holdings has owned for decades, currently vacant. First building is 70 MW with delivery targeted for late 2027. The exact parcel address is not disclosed in the announcement, so coordinates are a Dallas city-level geocode rather than a parcel point.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Planned dedicated on-site substation sized to support the full 245 MW campus; long-lead equipment procurement and substation planning reported in process."
    },
    "landAcres": 40,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crown-castle-worcester-ma",
    "name": "Crown Castle Worcester (474 Main Street)",
    "operator": "Crown Castle",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.262556,
      "lon": -71.802963,
      "city": "Worcester",
      "county": "Worcester",
      "street": "474 Main Street",
      "postalCode": "01608",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Active PeeringDB facility record under Crown Castle Inc. at 474 Main St, Worcester; PeeringDB notes the site was \"Previously Lightower\".",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/3490",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Crown Castle Worcester (474 Main), 474 Main St, Worcester MA - note \"Previously Lightower\"",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Inherited from Lightower per the operator-maintained PeeringDB note. Single-source record, hence \"reported\"; no capacity is published. Worcester, the state's second-largest city, currently has no Compute Atlas facility record.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crusoe-abilene-onsite-generation-tx",
    "name": "Crusoe Abilene on-site gas generation (Project Ludicrous)",
    "operator": "Crusoe",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.502213,
      "lon": -99.788717,
      "city": "Abilene",
      "county": "Taylor",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 360.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-08",
        "note": "TCEQ issued Standard Permit Registration 177263 for on-site electric generating units at the 'Longhorn Data Center' site, Taylor County; a Jan 2025 modification set 10 simple-cycle turbines (5x Solar Titan 350 + 5x GE LM2500 = 360.5 MW) 'for onsite use only for data centers and computing,' with no ERCOT export.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "The 10 turbines (360.5 MW) reported operational. A separate major TCEQ air permit (public-comment stage) seeks 41 additional turbines (~1.4 GW) plus 18 diesel backup generators; GE Vernova separately confirmed booking 29 LM2500 units (~1 GW) for Crusoe.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://records.tceq.texas.gov/cs/idcplg?IdcService=TCEQ_EXTERNAL_SEARCH_GET_FILE&dID=8600163&Rendition=Web",
        "label": "TCEQ Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit Technical Review, Registration No. 177263",
        "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/07/09/texas-data-centers-ai-power-plants-pollution-state-permits/",
        "label": "Planned Texas data centers could emit significant pollution",
        "publisher": "Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/ge-vernova-and-crusoe-announce-major-29-unit-gas-turbine-deal",
        "label": "GE Vernova and Crusoe announce major 29-unit aeroderivative gas turbine deal",
        "publisher": "Crusoe Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/natural-gas-plant-planned-for-stargate-ai-data-center-campus-report/",
        "label": "Natural gas plant planned for Stargate AI data center campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://records.tceq.texas.gov/cs/idcplg?IdcService=TCEQ_EXTERNAL_SEARCH_GET_FILE&Rendition=Web&dID=8600639",
        "label": "Standard Permit Modification Application, Registration No. 177263 (Abilene DC 1, LLC dba Crusoe Energy Systems)",
        "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "On-site behind-the-meter natural-gas generation for the co-located Crusoe / Lancium Clean Campus ('Stargate Site 1', tracked separately as lancium-crusoe-abilene-tx). 10 turbines totaling 360.5 MW are permit-confirmed (TCEQ Reg. 177263) and reported operational as of mid-2026, with a large expansion proposed. Same-site companion to the data-center record; supersedes the older 'on-site gas not confirmed' note on that record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter, primary-plus-backup on-site generation dedicated to the campus; explicitly not exporting to ERCOT."
    },
    "emissions": {
      "unitsCovered": "ten (10) natural gas-fired simple cycle combustion turbines: five Solar Titan 350 (TURBINE-1 through TURBINE-5) and five GE LM2500 (TURBINE-6 through TURBINE-10)",
      "permitNumber": "177263",
      "permitType": "state_construction",
      "issuingAgency": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality",
      "issuedDate": "2025-01-22",
      "notes": "NO per-pollutant annual tonnage is recorded here, deliberately. This is a TCEQ Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit registration — a rule-based authorisation that does not state per-pollutant tons-per-year ceilings the way a PSD or plan-approval permit does. The only annual tonnages in the file are the applicant's own calculated potential-to-emit (Table 1(a) of the modification application, built from manufacturer rates and AP-42 emission factors), and potential-to-emit is not a permitted ceiling; this project does not publish one as the other. The enforceable limit the standard permit does impose is a RATE: 0.14 lb NOx/MWh for units operating more than 300 hours per year, against which the application estimates a controlled rate of 0.09 lb/MWh. Registration history: originally registered 2024-08-30 for six Titan 350 plus six GE LM2500; the modification approved 2025-01-22 reduced each model from six to five, giving the ten turbines above (Titan 350 site-rated 38 MW each, GE LM2500 34.1 MW each). Registered as Abilene DC 1, LLC dba Crusoe Energy Systems (Regulated Entity RN112029079, Customer CN606295137). A separate major TCEQ permit application filed July 2026 seeking roughly 41 additional turbines is NOT covered by this registration and none of its figures are recorded here.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Oracle",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "lancium-crusoe-abilene-tx"
      ],
      "unitCount": 10,
      "notes": "TCEQ Standard Permit Technical Review (Registration 177263, approved 2025-01-22) confirms 10 simple-cycle turbines — 5x Solar Titan 350 (~38 MW) + 5x GE LM2500 (~34.1 MW) = 360.5 MW — behind-the-meter for on-site compute, no grid export. A proposed expansion (major TCEQ permit filed Jul 2026, not yet approved) would add 41 turbines (~1.4 GW) plus 18 diesel gensets; the ~1.2 GW figure often cited for the campus describes IT/interconnect capacity, not generation nameplate. Gas-plant buildout cost reported at ~$500M, distinct from the ~$1.1B data-center project figure."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "crusoe-blue-energy-victoria-tx",
    "name": "Crusoe Victoria AI Factory",
    "operator": "Crusoe",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.8053,
      "lon": -97.0036,
      "city": "Victoria",
      "county": "Victoria",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site generation (Blue Energy: gas bridge → nuclear)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Blue Energy and Crusoe announced a nuclear-powered AI factory campus at the Port of Victoria; gas bridge power ~2028, nuclear ~2031",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/blue-energy-and-crusoe-partner-to-develop-nuclear-powered-ai-data-center",
        "label": "Blue Energy and Crusoe partner to develop nuclear-powered AI data center",
        "publisher": "Crusoe",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.crossroadstoday.com/news/local-news/data-centers-spark-debate-in-victoria-county-commissioners-court/article_41cfcf09-e3db-421c-80ea-e99b83ec699d.html",
        "label": "Crossroads Today — Data centers spark debate in Victoria County Commissioners Court",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Crusoe-developed AI factory campus at the Port of Victoria, powered by Blue Energy (natural-gas bridge as early as 2028, nuclear targeted ~2031). Distinct from Crusoe's Stargate Abilene campus. ~1.5 GW planned. Coordinates are the Victoria area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Blue Energy on-site generation: natural-gas bridge (~2028) transitioning to nuclear (~2031)."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Victoria County Commissioners Court heard organized opposition at a public hearing on the Crusoe/Blue Energy project (wastewater/injection-well concerns) alongside a rally by 'Concerned Citizens for Responsible Development' opposing AI data centers in the area (June-July 2026); no vote reported yet.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "crusoe-nolan-county-tx",
    "name": "Crusoe Nolan County Data Center",
    "operator": "Crusoe Energy Systems",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4709519,
      "lon": -100.405938,
      "city": "Sweetwater",
      "county": "Nolan",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-13",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-13",
        "note": "Nolan County commissioners approved a 10-year tax abatement for the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/it-will-change-our-rural-town-tax-abatement-for-7-billion-texas-data-center-approved",
        "label": "'It will change our rural town': Tax abatement for $7 billion Texas data center approved",
        "publisher": "KTXS (Sinclair)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Reported to generate more than $3m annually in payments in lieu of taxes plus more than $2m annually in charitable contributions to Nolan County. No investment figure is recorded here: the cited article headlines the project at $7 billion while other outlets have described a $70 million Crusoe data center in the same county, and the discrepancy is unresolved. Distinct from IREN's Sweetwater campus, which is a different operator on a different site in the same county. Coordinates are a city-level geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "A Nolan County commissioner states the data center will provide its own electricity and should not draw on residential supply; the generation type is not identified in the source."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "The abatement agreement is reported to include water restrictions, metered water wells, mandatory reporting and penalties if the aquifer is harmed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Nolan County 10-year tax abatement",
        "jurisdiction": "Nolan County, Texas",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crusoe-project-flash-franklin-va",
    "name": "Project Flash (Summit View Business Park)",
    "operator": "Crusoe",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.9979,
      "lon": -79.8922,
      "city": "Rocky Mount",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-16",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-16",
        "note": "Boone District Supervisor Mike Meredith announced the county had received verification that the project would not move forward. No agreements were ever reached and no votes were taken on data center development in Franklin County.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260819034221/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-linked-to-potential-data-center-project-in-franklin-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Crusoe linked to potential data center project in Franklin County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.smithmountaineagle.com/news/project-flash-initiative-shut-down-by-franklin-county-board-of-supervisors/article_27ab1925-77b5-428e-9a12-13ca0d2c3918.html",
        "label": "\"Project Flash\" initiative shut down by Franklin County Board of Supervisors",
        "publisher": "Smith Mountain Eagle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Project surfaced via Freedom of Information Act requests to Franklin County; the county had been in discussions with Crusoe since November 2025. County-owned Summit View Business Park totals 540 acres along US 220 and reportedly has grid and natural gas infrastructure; roughly 150 acres of it were under discussion. DCD reported the project 'may total 50-100MW' — a range, not a settled figure, so no capacity value is recorded here.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 100 residents gathered at the Scruggs Volunteer Fire Department over water, electricity and quality-of-life impacts; residents learned of the project only through FOIA requests and demanded answers from the county.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "crusoe-walden-co",
    "name": "Crusoe Energy Digital Flare Mitigation — Oxbow Well Pad",
    "operator": "NYDIG DFM",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7331,
      "lon": -106.2848,
      "city": "Walden",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://coloradosun.com/2022/08/29/oil-and-gas-and-cryptocurrency-miners-are-colorados-new-odd-couple-and-theyre-making-quite-a-bit-of-coin/",
        "label": "Oil and gas, cryptocurrency miners are Colorado's new odd couple",
        "publisher": "The Colorado Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/nydig-to-acquire-crusoes-bitcoin-mining-operation-crusoe-to-scale-vertically",
        "label": "NYDIG to acquire Crusoe's bitcoin mining operation",
        "publisher": "Crusoe Energy Systems",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/25/crusoe-energy-sells-bitcoin-mining-unit-to-nydig-to-focus-on-ai.html",
        "label": "Crusoe sells its Bitcoin mining business to NYDIG",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Crusoe Energy Systems (Denver) runs Digital Flare Mitigation (DFM) modular bitcoin-mining units at D90 Energy's Oxbow well pad (53 wells at 36 locations) southwest of Walden, Jackson County, CO — a North Park Basin field acquired by Fulcrum Energy Capital Funds in early 2021, previously described as the largest single flaring source in the state before Crusoe cut flaring ~75%. Colorado Sun (Aug 2022) documented 6 Crusoe units operating with room for expansion; Earthworks infrared surveys (Jun/Jul 2022) still found active flaring at the pad alongside the Crusoe units, prompting complaints to COGCC and CDPHE Air Pollution Control Division — treat community/regulatory posture as contested, not settled. IMPORTANT OPERATOR CAVEAT: on 2025-03-25 NYDIG announced a definitive agreement to acquire Crusoe's entire bitcoin-mining/DFM business (425 modular units, 250+ MW, across CO/ND/MT/WY/NM/UT/TX plus Argentina); per Crusoe's own newsroom page (retrieved 2026-08-05) the deal is still 'subject to regulator approvals, customary consents and final closing' — no confirmed close date found. Verify at intake whether NYDIG has since become the operator of record for this specific pad. Operator updated: Crusoe sold its entire Bitcoin-mining business (including this flared-gas Digital Flare Mitigation fleet) to NYDIG, closing March 2025; NYDIG DFM LLC registered in Colorado in April 2025 at a Walden address on the D90 Energy well-pad corridor.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "flared_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "crusoe-warrenton-mo",
    "name": "Crusoe Warrenton Campus",
    "operator": "Crusoe",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.8125,
      "lon": -91.1432,
      "city": "Warrenton",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Ameren Missouri (grid)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Crusoe named as developer at Warrenton Board of Aldermen meeting on November 4, 2025; announcement made by Greater Warren County Economic Development Council consultant.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Warrenton Planning & Zoning Commission approved conditional use permit and site plan 8-2 on January 8, 2026; Board of Aldermen approved unanimously (two 6-0 votes) on January 20, 2026. Still requires land disturbance review and construction permits before groundbreaking.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-data-center-could-be-built-west-of-st-louis-missouri/",
        "label": "Crusoe data center could be built west of St. Louis, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/warrenton-aldermen-approve-data-center-site-plan-near-i-70/",
        "label": "Warrenton aldermen approve data center site plan near I-70",
        "publisher": "Fox 2 Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.midriversnewsmagazine.com/news/site-plan-for-large-scale-data-center-approved-in-warrenton/article_3d2d80af-c12a-4edf-bad2-753a3c5aed9c.html",
        "label": "Site plan for large-scale data center approved in Warrenton",
        "publisher": "Mid Rivers Newsmagazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mlq.ai/news/meta-signs-16gw-capacity-deal-with-crusoe-spanning-texas-and-missouri-campuses/",
        "label": "Meta signs 1.6GW capacity deal with Crusoe spanning Texas and Missouri campuses",
        "publisher": "MLQ.ai",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoes-contracted-ai-infrastructure-capacity-approaches-5-gigawatts-across-data-centers-and-cloud",
        "label": "Crusoe's Contracted AI Infrastructure Capacity Approaches 5 Gigawatts",
        "publisher": "Crusoe (newsroom)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.warrencountyrecord.com/stories/crusoe-named-as-developer-for-data-center-project,170695",
        "label": "Crusoe named as developer for data center project",
        "publisher": "Warren County Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.warrencountyrecord.com/stories/warrenton-planning-and-zoning-approves-data-center-site-plan-conditional-use,180583",
        "label": "Warrenton Planning and Zoning approves data center site plan, conditional use",
        "publisher": "Warren County Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2025/12/05/warrenton-planning-commission-approves-data-center-ordinance-amid-resident-concerns/",
        "label": "Warrenton planning commission approves data center ordinance amid resident concerns",
        "publisher": "First Alert 4",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/health-science-environment/2026-02-12/ameren-missouri-signed-confidential-contracts-with-multiple-big-data-centers-this-week",
        "label": "Ameren Missouri signed confidential contracts with multiple big data centers",
        "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate. Site address: 22151 NW Service Road, Warrenton MO; north of NW Service Road, west of Hwy. W. Two 805,000 sq ft data center buildings + 40,000 sq ft administration building + 621,250 sq ft Ameren-owned switch yard + 603,200 sq ft Crusoe-owned electrical substation. Crusoe described as its 'fifth campus' in its national AI data center portfolio as of June 2026 per Crusoe newsroom. Meta signed agreement with Crusoe in June 2026 for approximately 1.6GW of AI computing capacity split across Childress TX and Warrenton MO campuses — per-site split not disclosed; confirms Warrenton as AI anchor customer site (sourceRef 3). Status: conditional use permit and site plan approved; land disturbance review and construction permits still outstanding before groundbreaking. Crusoe committed publicly to seek no real property tax or gross receipt tax abatements; would pursue state incentives only (sourceRef 2). Developer projected annual property taxes ~$80M/year (sourceRef 1), with ~$44M to local schools. Construction jobs projected ~2,000-2,500 over ~3-year build; permanent tech jobs projected ~100 (developer estimates, sourceRef 1 and 2 — not firm contractual commitments). Crusoe historically used on-site flared natural gas but divested those operations; Warrenton campus is grid-connected via Ameren Missouri — no on-site gas generation reported here. Distinct from the Google/Crusoe 'Goodnight' campus in Armstrong County TX.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ameren Missouri",
      "notes": "Ameren Missouri owns and will operate the on-site switch yard; Crusoe owns the on-site electrical substation. Ameren signed confidential large-load agreements totaling 2.2GW with multiple Missouri data centers in February 2026; individual customer details not disclosed (sourceRef 8). No on-site gas generation reported for this campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling system using food-grade polypropylene glycol continuously recycled within the system; no reported MGD figure disclosed. Company claims 40% less water usage compared to a conventional light industrial facility (sourceRef 2)."
    },
    "landAcres": 337,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Over 40 community members testified during the January 20, 2026 Board of Aldermen hearing — both supporters and opponents. Supporters cited economic development and tax revenue; opponents (including neighboring landowners) raised concerns about noise, light pollution, and water supply impacts. Planning & Zoning voted 8-2 to approve; Board of Aldermen approved unanimously (6-0) with conditions: additional native trees, shorter lighting poles, stricter noise limits, generators moved indoors. One opponent stated: 'The county residents surrounding this parcel have been ignored and forgotten' (sourceRef 2).",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "crypto-colo-center-mclouth-ks",
    "name": "Crypto Colo Center McLouth Data Center (proposed) — cancelled",
    "operator": "Crypto Colo Center Corp",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.19611,
      "lon": -95.20833,
      "city": "McLouth",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://startlandnews.com/2023/03/no-crypto/",
        "label": "Small town KS just blocked its new crypto mining neighbor",
        "publisher": "Startland News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Crypto Colo Center Corp (CCC), on behalf of property owner Dei Vitae Enterprises, filed a conditional-use permit application to build a 32.4MW natural-gas-powered colocation/crypto-mining facility (plus an internet exchange point) roughly 0.3 miles outside McLouth (pop. ~858), Jefferson County — about 45 minutes west of Kansas City. Roughly 140 residents (~1/6 of the town) turned out to oppose the project over noise, environmental, and safety concerns. CCC withdrew the permit application Feb 27, 2023, and Jefferson County commissioners subsequently approved a 12-month countywide moratorium on data-center development. Never built; recorded as cancelled, capacity omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "stranded_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "crypto-knight-hosting-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "Crypto Knight Hosting Cheyenne Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Crypto Knight Hosting",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.14,
      "lon": -104.82,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-05-21",
        "note": "Company announced the opening of its first Bitcoin mining facility in Cheyenne on 2022-05-21.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cryptoknighthosting.com/post/crypto-knight-hosting-opens-first-bitcoin-mining-facility-cheyenne-wyoming",
        "label": "Crypto Knight Hosting Opens Its First Bitcoin Mining Facility in Cheyenne, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Crypto Knight Hosting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2025/04/02/wyoming-crypto-miner-says-tariff-threats-spiking-prices-for-equipment/",
        "label": "Wyoming Crypto Miner Says Tariff Threats Spiking Prices For Equipment",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Wyoming family-run hosting company providing infrastructure for local bitcoin miners and data centers. The first Cheyenne facility opened 2022-05-21 with 786 miners in a single container and at least 3,000 across the site. Cowboy State Daily reports the company runs more than 60 MW of total energy in Laramie County across its operations; that is an entity-wide figure spanning multiple sites and is deliberately NOT recorded as this site's capacity. No street address is published in either source, so coordinates are an approximate point for Cheyenne. A further build-out in the Happy Jack area was reported ongoing in April 2025.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy",
      "notes": "Power is taken under a curtailable load agreement with Black Hills Energy. Each of the company's transformers runs nearly 3 MW."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cspire-starkville-ms",
    "name": "C Spire Starkville Data Center",
    "operator": "C Spire",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4709294,
      "lon": -88.7927699,
      "city": "Starkville",
      "county": "Oktibbeha",
      "street": "401 Research Boulevard",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2014-11",
        "note": "Opened as a Tier III Concurrently Maintainable certified colocation facility, one of roughly 30 such sites in the U.S. at the time.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cspire.com/cms/news/wireless/20600007/new-c-spire-world-class-business-enterprise-data-center-built-like-fort-knox",
        "label": "New C Spire world-class business enterprise data center built like Fort Knox",
        "publisher": "C Spire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2014/11/04/c-spire-opens-tier-iii-mississippi-data-center",
        "label": "C Spire Opens Tier III Mississippi Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation and managed-hosting facility on a 6.5-acre site in the Thad Cochran Research, Technology and Economic Development Park. C Spire's release describes a 23,800 sq ft initial phase with a $23 million price tag and generators plus multiple independent power feeds that 'will produce 1.5 megawatts of power'; the 1.5 MW figure is that stated electrical capacity, not a measured IT load. Data Center Knowledge gives the built size as 24,000 sq ft. Both sources note C Spire operates two further Mississippi data centers, in Ridgeland and downtown Jackson; neither source gives siting detail for those, so they are not recorded here.",
    "investmentUsd": 23000000,
    "landAcres": 6.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "csquare-sfo1-ca",
    "name": "Csquare SFO1",
    "operator": "Csquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3714713,
      "lon": -121.9696826,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2401 Walsh Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95051",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 34.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/silicon-valley#santaclara-sfo1",
        "label": "Csquare facility directory",
        "publisher": "Csquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/38305568",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/38305568",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Csquare's own Silicon Valley directory confirms SFO1 as an operational facility at 2401 Walsh Avenue, Santa Clara, CA (per third-party listings corroborating address).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "csquare-sfo2-ca",
    "name": "Csquare SFO2",
    "operator": "Csquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.397572,
      "lon": -121.980963,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "4700 Old Ironsides Drive",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 43.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/silicon-valley#santaclara-sfo2",
        "label": "Csquare facility directory",
        "publisher": "Csquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/54119665",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/54119665",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Csquare's own directory confirms SFO2 as an operational facility at 4700 Old Ironsides Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95054. Address/details cross-referenced via datacenters.com listings for SFO2.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "csquare-sfo3-ca",
    "name": "Csquare SFO3",
    "operator": "Csquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3720542,
      "lon": -121.9860407,
      "city": "Sunnyvale",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1400 Kifer Road",
      "postalCode": "94086",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/silicon-valley#sunnyvale-sfo3",
        "label": "Csquare facility directory",
        "publisher": "Csquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/271893323",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/271893323",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Csquare's own directory confirms SFO3 as an operational facility at 1400 Kifer Rd, Sunnyvale, CA.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "csquare-sfo4-ca",
    "name": "Csquare SFO4",
    "operator": "Csquare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3757986,
      "lon": -121.9551844,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1500 Space Park Drive",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 43.1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.csquare.com/data-centers/silicon-valley#santaclara-sfo4",
        "label": "Csquare facility directory",
        "publisher": "Csquare",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209073658",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209073658",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Csquare's own directory confirms SFO4 as an operational facility at 1500 Space Park Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95054.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "culpeper-brandy-station-va",
    "name": "Culpeper Acquisitions Brandy Station Campus (denied)",
    "operator": "Culpeper Acquisitions LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.5095,
      "lon": -77.8863,
      "city": "Brandy Station",
      "county": "Culpeper",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "$12B, 426-acre hyperscale campus proposed; end user not publicly confirmed (reported possibly Google or Meta)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2024-06-12",
        "note": "Unanimously denied by Culpeper County Planning Commission; concerns over rural preservation and proximity to Culpeper Battlefields State Park",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterwatch.org/report",
        "label": "Data Center Watch — Blocked and Delayed Projects Report",
        "publisher": "Data Center Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/18/communities-are-blocking-billions-in-data-centers-big-tech-has-wagered-1-trillion-otherwise/",
        "label": "Communities are blocking billions in data centers — Fortune",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/culpeper/new-data-center-proposals-in-brandy-station-and-near-the-town-of-culpeper/",
        "label": "PEC — New data center proposals in Brandy Station and near the Town of Culpeper (incl. BoardDocs public submittal)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/county-planners-recommend-denial-of-brandy-station-data-center-campus-in-culpeper-county/",
        "label": "DCD — County planners recommend denial of Brandy Station data center campus in Culpeper County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "Grid-only proposal. County/PEC documents state Dominion Energy is obligated to supply power and would need a new large substation and 2-5 miles of new transmission line for the 700MW-1.8GW load. No on-site or dedicated generation is proposed; no REC (Rappahannock Electric Cooperative) role is mentioned."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyberlynk-franklin-mke1-wi",
    "name": "CyberLynk Franklin Data Center (MKE1)",
    "operator": "CyberLynk Network, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8618895,
      "lon": -87.982841,
      "city": "Franklin",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "street": "10125 S. 52nd Street",
      "postalCode": "53132",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyberlynk.net/facilities/milwaukee-datacenter/",
        "label": "Milwaukee, WI (MKE1) Data Center — operator facility page (address, SOC 2, carriers)",
        "publisher": "CyberLynk Network",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"CyberLynk Network Inc., Franklin\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=10125+S+52nd+Street%2C+Franklin%2C+WI+53132&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode returning the named \"CyberLynk\" feature at 10125 South 52nd Street, Franklin Business Park (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "SOC 2-certified colocation facility in the Franklin Business Park, marketed both as CyberLynk MKE1 and under the MilwaukeeColo brand, with RFID/biometric access, IP camera monitoring, and peering with Cogent, Lumen, NTT, AT&T, Everstream and Spectrum. IMPORTANT anti-duplication note: this is NOT the tracked Expedient MKE1 record — Expedient's Milwaukee facility is a separate building at 4777 W. Ironwood, Franklin, WI 53132 (1.6 MW critical load, 27,000 sq ft), verified this session. Two operators in the same municipality both use the \"MKE1\" label.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Two utility power feeds with UPS systems and backup generators; redundant power, cooling and network connectivity per the operator."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-bosque-county-thad-hill-tx",
    "name": "CyrusOne Bosque County Campus (Thad Hill Energy Center)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.9243,
      "lon": -97.6564,
      "county": "Bosque",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Calpine, Constellation and the ECP/KKR joint-venture announcement all describe the Bosque County campus (DFW10), adjacent to the Thad Hill Energy Center, as currently under construction and expected to be operational in Q4 2026. The record currently carries status 'proposed'.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/press-releases/constellation-and-cyrusone-announce-agreement-to-support-new-data-center-facility-at-freestone-energy-center-in-texas",
        "label": "Constellation and CyrusOne Announce Agreement to Support New Data Center Facility at Freestone Energy Center in Texas",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.calpine.com/calpine-and-cyrusone-announce-phase-2-of-powered-land-agreement-to-support-hyperscale-data-center-at-thad-hill-energy-center-in-texas/",
        "label": "Calpine and CyrusOne Announce Phase 2 of Powered Land Agreement at Thad Hill Energy Center (190 MW + 210 MW = 400 MW)",
        "publisher": "Calpine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251109203538/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250730057911/en/Energy-Capital-Partners-and-KKR-Announce-Development-of-Hyperscale-Data-Center-Campus-in-Texas",
        "label": "Energy Capital Partners and KKR Announce Development of Hyperscale Data Center Campus in Texas — 'Construction of the project is underway'",
        "publisher": "Business Wire / Energy Capital Partners (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Referenced in CyrusOne's Freestone Energy Center release as a separate, already-agreed 400MW arrangement between Calpine and CyrusOne tied to the Thad Hill Energy Center in Bosque County (part of CyrusOne's >1,100MW contracted Texas power total). Secondary press (unconfirmed via direct fetch this session) additionally describes an Energy Capital Partners/KKR joint-venture financing of ~$4B for ~190MW at this site -- omitted here pending direct-source confirmation.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Calpine",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 400
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-chi1-chi3-aurora-il",
    "name": "CyrusOne CHI1-CHI3 (Aurora)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7966077,
      "lon": -88.2438232,
      "city": "Aurora",
      "county": "Kane",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 109
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/aurora-il",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/199252950",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/199252950",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/blogs/cyrusone-intelliscale-design-and-ai-data-center-faq",
        "label": "CyrusOne AI/HPC — Aurora campus AI-optimized via CyrusOne Intelliscale high-density desi",
        "publisher": "cyrusone.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/aurora-il-back-up-generator-schedule",
        "label": "CyrusOne Aurora IL back-up generator schedule (ComEd coordination)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 2905 Diehl Road, Aurora, IL via aggregator cross-reference; operator directory page also lists Aurora IL: CHI1-CHI3. AI/HPC (likely): Aurora campus AI-optimized via CyrusOne Intelliscale high-density design.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "CHI1-CHI3 in Aurora, IL run on the standard ComEd grid. CyrusOne's own back-up generation schedule page describes working with ComEd to reduce diesel generator run time (standard backup/demand-response practice, not a defining clean-energy procurement). No site-specific solar/wind/nuclear PPA found for this campus."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-chi6-wood-dale-il",
    "name": "CyrusOne Wood Dale Campus",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9790594,
      "lon": -87.964189,
      "city": "Wood Dale",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "street": "Bryn Mawr Avenue",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-05-13",
        "note": "Topping-out ceremony marking completion of the structural framework; facility still under construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/press-releases/cyrusone-celebrates-wood-dale-topping-out-ceremony",
        "label": "CyrusOne Celebrates Wood Dale Topping Out Ceremony",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (C1 Chicago 1 LLC - C1 Chicago 2 LLC, Wood Dale, 2024 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Operator states \"the campus will include two buildings totaling more than 500,000 square feet, delivering an initial IT capacity of 18 megawatts with scalable capacity\" — the 18MW is the initial IT capacity, not a full-build figure. Street-level coordinate is approximate: the press release names only Wood Dale, and the Bryn Mawr Avenue location comes from secondary reporting. Distinct from the tracked CyrusOne Aurora (CHI1–CHI3) and CyrusOne Sangamon County records.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 15625000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-cin2-cincinnati-oh",
    "name": "CyrusOne CIN2 (Cincinnati)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.1027886,
      "lon": -84.5179229,
      "city": "Cincinnati",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 14
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/cincinnati-ohio",
        "label": "CyrusOne Cincinnati facility page: address, 14 MW, 143,778 sq ft technical space, closed-loop chilled-water cooling",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/cincinnati/cyrusone-cincinnati/",
        "label": "DataCenterMap listing corroborating CyrusOne CIN2 (7th Street carrier hotel)",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Cincinnati's primary carrier-hotel / switching facility (originally a Cincinnati Bell data-center carve-out), 143,778 sq ft of technical space, HPC-capable, closed-loop chilled-water cooling. Address and 14 MW confirmed on CyrusOne's own site; the building is independently tagged CyrusOne CIN2 in OpenStreetMap. Distinct from the already-tracked CyrusOne CIN3 in Mason (Warren County).",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-cin3-cincinnati-mason-oh",
    "name": "CyrusOne CIN3 (Cincinnati-Mason)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3038941,
      "lon": -84.3116127,
      "city": "Mason",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/cyrusone-cin3-cincinnati-mason",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/31250931",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/31250931",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via multiple aggregator listings (4800 Parkway Drive, Mason, OH); operator's own CIN3 URL 404s (stale slug) but facility corroborated independently.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Duke Energy Ohio"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-cin6-florence-boone-ky",
    "name": "CyrusOne CIN6 (Florence)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9795695,
      "lon": -84.6153236,
      "city": "Florence",
      "county": "Boone",
      "street": "7190 Industrial Road",
      "postalCode": "41042",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/florence-ky",
        "label": "Florence, KY: CIN6 — CyrusOne data center specifications",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/7190-industrial-road-florence/cyrusone/datacenter/cyrusone-florence",
        "label": "CyrusOne CIN6, 7190 Industrial Road, Florence, KY 41042 — facility listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=7190+Industrial+Road%2C+Florence%2C+KY+41042&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 7190 Industrial Road, Florence, Boone County, KY 41042",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Operating colocation facility in the Northern Kentucky / Greater Cincinnati market: approximately 143,000 sq ft total with 55,000 sq ft of white space on a 36-inch raised floor, N and N+1 redundancy, and 5 MW of total IT capacity per the operator. Certifications listed by CyrusOne include SSAE 16, PCI DSS, HIPAA, ISO 27001, FISMA and Green Globe. The operator's page does not publish the street address; the address is taken from a facility listing and independently resolves in OpenStreetMap. Coordinates are a geocode of that address, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "CyrusOne describes a combination of water-cooled and air-cooled chillers together with evaporative chillers, free cooling and variable frequency drives — a design that alternates between evaporative and dry modes, which is what the hybrid value denotes here."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-dfw3-dfw5-allen-tx",
    "name": "CyrusOne DFW3-DFW5 (Allen)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1385206,
      "lon": -96.6599516,
      "city": "Allen",
      "county": "Collin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "poweredBy": "Gexa Energy (wind + solar PPA)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/allen-texas",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/590213771",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/590213771",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/operations-and-management/future-allen-campus-would-be-cyrusone-s-largest-texas-data-center",
        "label": "CyrusOne AI/HPC — Allen campus marketed for AI training, HPC, multi-cloud",
        "publisher": "datacenterknowledge.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220420005203/en/CyrusOne-Purchases-Solar-and-Wind-Energy-in-North-Texas-from-Gexa-Energy-as-Part-of-Transition-to-100-Sustainable-Power",
        "label": "Business Wire: CyrusOne Purchases Solar and Wind Energy in North Texas from Gexa Energy (Apr 2022) — names Allen, Carrollton, Lewisville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cyrusone-signs-40mw-wind-and-solar-ppa-with-gexa-energy-in-texas/",
        "label": "DataCenterDynamics: CyrusOne signs 40MW wind and solar PPA with Gexa Energy in Texas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed 90-acre, 3-building, 50MW campus at Allen, TX (largest DC development in the state per operator page). AI/HPC (likely): Allen campus marketed for AI training, HPC, multi-cloud.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "CyrusOne signed a 40MW wind+solar PPA with Gexa Energy (announced April 2022) explicitly covering its North Texas data centers, naming Allen, Carrollton, and Lewisville as the sites the purchase powers."
    },
    "landAcres": 90,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-dugway-proving-ground-tooele-county-ut",
    "name": "CyrusOne Dugway Proving Ground Data Center",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2,
      "lon": -112.93,
      "county": "Tooele",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — PacifiCorp",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.army.mil/article/291360/army_reaches_conditional_agreement_with_private_industry_for_hyperscaled_data_centers",
        "label": "Army reaches conditional agreement with private industry for hyperscaled data centers",
        "publisher": "Army.mil",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-army-taps-carlyle-and-cyrusone-to-develop-data-centers-on-army-owned-land/",
        "label": "US Army taps Carlyle and CyrusOne to develop data centers on Army-owned land",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugway_Proving_Ground",
        "label": "Dugway Proving Ground — ownership and jurisdiction (U.S. Army-owned federal land, unincorporated Tooele County)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Conditionally selected, currently in exclusive negotiations with the US Army (not finalized); expected completion ~2029. Would be CyrusOne's first Utah facility, developed in partnership with Carlyle. Framed as AI-driven Army infrastructure ('AI is a strategic asset... force multiplier' per the Army Secretary) rather than marketed as a standalone AI-brand product. Coordinates are approximate. In exclusive negotiations with the US Army as of the cited source. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. — structural, not merely unresearched: Dugway Proving Ground is U.S. Army-owned federal land in unincorporated Tooele County, which sits outside any county/municipal property-tax roll, so a Title 17C Community Reinvestment Agency increment or abatement is not possible here regardless of county policy. Any public-sector instrument would be a federal Army real-estate arrangement, not a local or state subsidy, and the site remains in exclusive negotiations, not a finalized agreement. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 1201,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-freestone-energy-center-fairfield-tx",
    "name": "CyrusOne Freestone Energy Center Campus",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.7285,
      "lon": -96.1611,
      "city": "Fairfield",
      "county": "Freestone",
      "street": "1366 FM488",
      "postalCode": "75840",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 760
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/press-releases/constellation-and-cyrusone-announce-agreement-to-support-new-data-center-facility-at-freestone-energy-center-in-texas",
        "label": "Constellation and CyrusOne Announce Agreement to Support New Data Center Facility at Freestone Energy Center in Texas",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2026/02/constellation-and-cyrusone-announce-agreement-to-support-new-data-center-facility-at-freestone-energy-center-in-texas.html",
        "label": "Constellation and CyrusOne Announce Agreement to Support New Data Center Facility at Freestone Energy Center in Texas",
        "publisher": "Constellation Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Phase 1 (380MW) is under construction adjacent to Calpine's Freestone Energy Center at 1366 FM488, Fairfield, targeted operational Q4 2026; Calpine holds an exclusive agreement to also supply Phase 2 (an additional 380MW, planned total 760MW). Not previously tracked -- no existing Freestone County entries.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nas-lemoore-ca",
    "name": "CyrusOne AI Data Center at NAS Lemoore",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.303,
      "lon": -119.953,
      "county": "Kings",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "poweredBy": "Off-grid microgrid (engine generators built by Ameresco; potential 425MW solar farm on adjacent 920 acres)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Ameresco, U.S. Navy, and CyrusOne announced public-private partnership to build 100MW AI-optimized data center at NAS Lemoore; first phase expected online 2027; land leased from DOD",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.ameresco.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/715/ameresco-and-u-s-navy-partner-to-build-ai-optimized-data",
        "label": "Ameresco and U.S. Navy Partner to Build AI-Optimized Data Center and Energy Infrastructure at NAS Lemoore",
        "publisher": "Ameresco, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ameresco-partners-with-cyrusone-to-develop-offgrid-ai-data-center-at-naval-air-station-lemoore-in-california/",
        "label": "Ameresco Partners with CyrusOne to Develop Offgrid AI Data Center at Naval Air Station Lemoore in California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hanfordsentinel.com/business/groundbreaking-for-big-nas-lemoore-data-center-and-energy-project-near-john-lindt/article_716c1006-1e5f-46cc-b4e9-eec31a7ee526.html",
        "label": "Groundbreaking for NAS Lemoore data center & energy project",
        "publisher": "Hanford Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hanfordsentinel.com/business/agriculture/gilcrease-calls-for-dialogue-over-data-center-john-lindt/article_6a2df66b-4581-4589-9d21-7208d166f35a.html",
        "label": "Gilcrease calls for dialogue over data center",
        "publisher": "Hanford Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Located at Naval Air Station Lemoore on the Kings/Fresno county border. Ameresco leads energy infrastructure via its Intelliscale platform; CyrusOne operates the data center for federal and defense AI workloads (FedRAMP, FISMA High, DoD IL5/IL6). Land leased from DOD. Announced September 9, 2025; first phase expected online 2027.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)",
      "notes": "Fully off-grid microgrid system including engine generators and control systems built by Ameresco. Aligned with Trump Administration AI Action Plan. Separate discussions ongoing for 425MW solar farm on 920 acres of surrounding DOD land."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Developer has not disclosed cooling method or water source (arid Central Valley; NAS Lemoore draws from the Kings River). Kings County Supervisor Gilcrease flagged water as a key opposition concern."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Kings County Supervisor Garrett Gilcrease (also Farm Bureau president) opposed the project on water grounds during his 2024 campaign; the project advanced with little public input; no formal legal challenge as of mid-2026. A 2023 EIR projects ~400 construction workers and ~20 permanent employees for the proposed facility (projections, not confirmed headcount). The ~$1B figure reported by the Hanford Sentinel covers the integrated project (data center + ~425 MW solar + battery storage), not the data center alone — so no data-center-only investmentUsd.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-new-albany-col1-licking-county-oh",
    "name": "CyrusOne New Albany COL-1",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.09294,
      "lon": -82.718059,
      "city": "Johnstown",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Ceremonial groundbreaking September 18, 2025; state filings show construction beginning November 1, 2024. Estimated construction completion September 22, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/new-albany/permits-offer-details-after-groundbreaking-of-150-million-new-albany-data-center/",
        "label": "Permits offer details after groundbreaking of $150 million New Albany data center",
        "publisher": "NBC4 (WCMH)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cyrusone-breaks-ground-on-new-albany-ohio-data-center/",
        "label": "CyrusOne breaks ground on New Albany, Ohio data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=SiteAddress+LIKE+%27%2512181%25%27&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (parcel 095-112236-00.000 (PID 95785))",
        "publisher": "Licking County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "12181 Jug St, Johnstown — in the Licking County section of the New Albany International Business Park. 274,518 sq ft, two-story building. Ohio Tax Credit Authority approved a 10-year, 75% data center sales tax exemption valued at $5.4M (approved ~April 2024). No IT-load MW figure is publicly disclosed for this site — an earlier 60MW figure found in some secondary sources actually belongs to a different operator's nearby New Albany campus (STACK Infrastructure NAL01) and is not attributable to CyrusOne COL-1; capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found — treated as generic hyperscale colo.",
    "investmentUsd": 150000000,
    "landAcres": 93.8,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nva1-nva2-nva3-sterling-va",
    "name": "CyrusOne NVA1, NVA2 & NVA3 (Sterling)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0259023,
      "lon": -77.4144697,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21111 Ridgetop Circle",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 48
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/sterling-va-nva1-nva3",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/435324552",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/435324552",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed 14-acre enterprise-class campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "landAcres": 14,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nva5-sterling-va",
    "name": "CyrusOne NVA5 (Sterling)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.024356,
      "lon": -77.4341,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21350 Pacific Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 81
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/sterling-va-nva5-nva7",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/435817145",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/435817145",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Part of the NVA5-NVA7 campus per operator directory; distinct building from NVA7.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nva7-sterling-va",
    "name": "CyrusOne NVA7 (Sterling)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0263152,
      "lon": -77.4340194,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21350 Pacific Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/sterling-va-nva5-nva7",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/983627455",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/983627455",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Distinct building within the NVA5-NVA7 campus from osm_id 435817145 (NVA5).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nva8-sterling-va",
    "name": "CyrusOne NVA8 (Sterling)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0211789,
      "lon": -77.4132443,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "45905 Maries Road",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/sterling-virginia-nva8",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/701930919",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/701930919",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 45905 Maries Road, Sterling, VA; operator's given candidate URL had a stale slug (404) but the correct directory page confirms the facility.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nym1-somerset-nj",
    "name": "CyrusOne NYM1 (Somerset)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5379623,
      "lon": -74.5457225,
      "city": "Somerset",
      "county": "Somerset",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/somerset-nj",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460182320",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/460182320",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/blogs/cyrusone-intelliscale-design-and-ai-data-center-faq",
        "label": "CyrusOne AI/HPC — Named as an Intelliscale AI-infrastructure-available site",
        "publisher": "cyrusone.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/cyrusone/800-cottontail-lane/nym1-phase-2",
        "label": "datacenterhawk NYM1 Phase 2 listing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed via WebSearch listing directly to operator's own Somerset NJ: NYM1 page. AI/HPC (likely): Named as an Intelliscale AI-infrastructure-available site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PSE&G",
      "notes": "NYM1 connects to the standard PSE&G grid. No site-specific renewable PPA or on-site generation found for this campus; CyrusOne's fleet-wide '100% sustainable power' goal is corporate-level, not a defining site story."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nym2-totowa-nj",
    "name": "CyrusOne NYM2 (Totowa)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.9072095,
      "lon": -74.2422211,
      "city": "Totowa",
      "county": "Passaic",
      "street": "50 Madison Road",
      "postalCode": "07512",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating data center on CyrusOne's own Totowa facility page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/totowa-nj-nym2",
        "label": "CyrusOne Totowa, NJ: NYM2 data center page",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=50+Madison+Road,+Totowa,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building 'NYM2', 50 Madison Road, Totowa NJ 07512, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NJ&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 2356, 'CyrusOne Totowa', 50 Madison Road, Totowa NJ 07512",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "200,000 sq ft campus with 50,000 sq ft of data center space on 36-inch raised flooring, 60,000 sq ft of work-area-recovery space, 6 MW total IT capacity and 2,500 tons of N+1 cooling from water-cooled centrifugal chillers. CyrusOne's page lists 53.10% carbon-free or renewable electricity; that reads as a grid-mix statistic rather than a facility procurement claim, so it is not recorded as a renewable-percent field. Heat-rejection method for the chiller plant is not published, so water.coolingType is omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-nym5-norwalk-ct",
    "name": "CyrusOne NYM5 (Norwalk)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1130924,
      "lon": -73.3886495,
      "city": "Norwalk",
      "county": "Fairfield",
      "state": "CT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/norwalk-ct",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/571010571",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/571010571",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 6 Norden Place, Norwalk, CT — Connecticut's largest data center per operator's own page.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-ocb1-council-bluffs-ia",
    "name": "CyrusOne OCB1 Council Bluffs Data Center",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2121526,
      "lon": -95.8779924,
      "city": "Council Bluffs",
      "county": "Pottawattamie",
      "street": "4700 Gifford Road",
      "postalCode": "51501",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "First phase ready for occupancy in 2020.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/council-bluffs-ia",
        "label": "Council Bluffs, IA: OCB1 — facility specifications",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cyrusone-council-bluffs",
        "label": "CyrusOne Council Bluffs Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Purpose-built colocation facility with 420,000 sq ft of technical space including 120,000 sq ft of raised floor, cooled by an air-cooled chiller plant (four 500-ton chillers with CRAH units per data hall) with free cooling below 30°F. Certified to ISO/IEC 27001, PCI DSS, HIPAA/HITECH, FISMA-High, SSAE 18 Type 2, SOC 2, HITRUST, FFIEC and CSA STAR, and designed to TIA 942 Class 4. Published power figures conflict — the operator's page cites 9 MW of total IT capacity while a directory lists 18 MW of utility capacity with 6 MW of UPS — so no capacity value is recorded.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-pnw1-quincy-wa",
    "name": "CyrusOne PNW1",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2334,
      "lon": -119.8528,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "1025 D Street NW",
      "postalCode": "98848",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 90
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/quincy-washington",
        "label": "Quincy, WA: PNW1",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Operator describes PNW1 as Washington's largest greenfield-built data center; 720,000 sq ft technical space on a 45-acre site acquired 2016; construction began 2023.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "landAcres": 45,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-project-peach-palmetto-ga",
    "name": "Project Peach (CyrusOne Palmetto Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne (joint venture with North Coweta Investors)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5182,
      "lon": -84.6693,
      "city": "Palmetto",
      "county": "Coweta",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-04-15",
        "note": "Coweta County Board of Commissioners approved the rezoning of ~320 acres from rural conservation to industrial by a 3-2 vote.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/coweta-county-concerns-project-peach-data-center-palmetto",
        "label": "Coweta County residents concerned over proposed 320-acre data center",
        "publisher": "FOX 5 Atlanta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.desmog.com/2026/04/07/how-data-center-developers-staked-their-claim-in-rural-georgia/",
        "label": "How Data Center Developers Staked Their Claim in Rural Georgia",
        "publisher": "DeSmog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Eight buildings planned, completion projected 2036. Distinct from the tracked T5 @ Atlanta IV, which is also at Palmetto but a different operator, site and jurisdiction (Fulton County).",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Reported as air-cooled rather than water-cooled."
    },
    "landAcres": 320,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents packed the rezoning hearing in opposition; Palmetto's mayor asked commissioners to weigh the long-term cost to quality of life, environment and residents. Coweta County later imposed a six-month moratorium on new data center proposals.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-sangamon-talkington-township-il",
    "name": "CyrusOne Sangamon County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.64,
      "lon": -89.84,
      "county": "Sangamon",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 630
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Zoning application filed; Sangamon County Zoning Board of Appeals consideration set for Nov 20, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-07",
        "note": "Sangamon County Board approved the conditional permitted use 17-10 on 280 acres of agriculturally zoned land",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/sangamon-county-approves-data-center/",
        "label": "Sangamon County approves data center",
        "publisher": "Illinois Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/area-data-center-updates/",
        "label": "Area data center updates",
        "publisher": "Illinois Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/first-data-center-in-sangamon-county/",
        "label": "First data center in Sangamon County",
        "publisher": "Illinois Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Sited at the northwest corner of Thayer and Clark roads in unincorporated Talkington Township, about 14 miles southwest of Springfield. Building program shifted between filings: six 250,000 sq ft buildings at application, four 450,000 sq ft buildings as reported in June 2026. Construction was expected to start summer 2026.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 31250000,
        "jurisdiction": "State of Illinois",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 280,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 500,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Hundreds attended the April 2026 County Board meeting; more than 60 signed up to speak and public comment was capped at one hour. Board approved 17-10 across party lines.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-sat1-san-antonio-tx",
    "name": "CyrusOne SAT1 (San Antonio)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.4666098,
      "lon": -98.6880869,
      "city": "San Antonio",
      "county": "Bexar",
      "street": "9999 Westover Hills Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "78251",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/cyrusone-sat1-san-antonio",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/509611432",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/509611432",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "OSM label 'San Antonio I' resolved to SAT1 at 9999 Westover Hills Blvd, first-generation CyrusOne facility in the market.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-sat2-sat4-san-antonio-tx",
    "name": "CyrusOne SAT2-SAT4 (San Antonio)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.4708878,
      "lon": -98.6730474,
      "city": "San Antonio",
      "county": "Bexar",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/san-antonio-sat2-sat4",
        "label": "CyrusOne facility directory",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/509611438",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/509611438",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/san-antonio/cyrusone-san-antonio/",
        "label": "CyrusOne AI/HPC — HPC spec: over 1,000 watts/sqft in designated areas",
        "publisher": "datacentermap.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/press-releases/cyrusone-breaks-ground-on-fifth-data-center-campus-in-san-antonio",
        "label": "CyrusOne breaks ground on fifth San Antonio campus (CPS Energy attendance)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "OSM label 'San Antonio II' resolved to SAT2-SAT4 campus (9554 Westover Hills Blvd / 9655 Raba Dr). AI/HPC (likely): HPC spec: over 1,000 watts/sqft in designated areas.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "CPS Energy",
      "notes": "San Antonio campus (SAT1-SAT5) draws from CPS Energy substations. CPS Energy representatives attended the SAT5 groundbreaking as the utility partner, but no site-specific renewable PPA or dedicated generation project was found for SAT2-SAT4."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-vint-hill-fauquier-va",
    "name": "CyrusOne Vint Hill Campus",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.752287510948115,
      "lon": -77.67347422456572,
      "city": "Vint Hill",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "47 acres, 870,000 sq ft; site plan submitted; grandfathered from prior PCID zoning.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_18be50e8-49f6-11ef-95cf-3b45407fea55.html",
        "label": "Fauquier County data-center project database",
        "publisher": "Fauquier Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/vint-hill-landowners-push-back-on-move-to-curb-large-data-centers/article_c22ef762-820a-5b88-bed0-3b84ac791efe.html",
        "label": "Effort to curb data centers in Vint Hill faces pushback",
        "publisher": "Prince William Times / Fauquier Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "47 acres, 870,000 sq ft; site plan submitted; grandfathered from prior PCID zoning.",
    "landAcres": 47,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "At a March 2024 Vint Hill Conservancy community meeting devoted largely to the CyrusOne campus, critics said the plans showed 45-foot buildings on elevated ground that would be obtrusive to residents roughly a third of a mile away, while conservancy president Chris Zumot publicly backed the project, telling the Fauquier Times the group \"feels for CyrusOne\" over county restrictions affecting it.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "cyrusone-yorkville-chi11-il",
    "name": "CyrusOne Yorkville Technology Campus (CHI-11)",
    "operator": "CyrusOne",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.679,
      "lon": -88.48,
      "city": "Yorkville",
      "county": "Kendall",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Approved by the City of Yorkville in 2024; water and sanitary improvements began in 2025 and site work in early 2026, with first building completion expected late 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/940/C1-Yorkville-Cyrus-One-CHI-11-Data-Cente",
        "label": "C1 Yorkville – Cyrus One CHI-11 Data Center Campus (Major PUD Amendment & Preliminary PUD Plan), case PZC 2026-03",
        "publisher": "City of Yorkville, Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/yorkville-technology-campus",
        "label": "Yorkville Technology Campus",
        "publisher": "CyrusOne",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Applicant C1 Yorkville, LLC, with Yorkville Nexus LLC, on roughly 228 acres east of Eldamain Road, north of the BNSF railroad and Faxon Road, west of Beecher Road. A 2026 major PUD amendment reduced the plan from nine two-story buildings (about 2,451,200 sq ft) to eight one-story buildings (about 2,163,800 sq ft maximum) and cut height from 70 ft to about 50 ft 10 in. Distinct from the tracked CyrusOne Aurora, Wood Dale and Sangamon County campuses. Coordinates are the centre of the described parcel boundaries and are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "Dedicated transmission infrastructure designed for the facility and funded by CyrusOne."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "CyrusOne describes a closed-loop air-cooled system that continuously circulates water within a sealed circuit inside the building, with minimal ongoing discharge in normal operation."
    },
    "landAcres": 228,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dartpoints-btr1-baton-rouge-la",
    "name": "DartPoints BTR1 Baton Rouge",
    "operator": "DartPoints",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.4539942,
      "lon": -91.115481,
      "city": "Baton Rouge",
      "county": "East Baton Rouge",
      "street": "7127 Florida Blvd",
      "postalCode": "70806",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dartpoints.com/locations/btr01-baton-rouge-la/",
        "label": "DartPoints Baton Rouge 1 (BTR1) data center",
        "publisher": "DartPoints",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dartpoints.com/press/dartpoints-acquires-venyu-adding-three-louisiana-data-centers-to-portfolio/",
        "label": "DartPoints acquires Venyu, adding three Louisiana data centers to portfolio",
        "publisher": "DartPoints",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=LA&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility records for Louisiana (fac 13669, DartPoints Baton Rouge, LA - BTR1)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=7127+Florida+Blvd%2C+Baton+Rouge%2C+LA+70806&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim geocode for 7127 Florida Blvd, Baton Rouge, LA 70806",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "86,400 sq ft building with 25,800 sq ft of data hall in the Bon Carre Technology Park; seven on-site network providers. Built and run by Venyu before DartPoints acquired the company in May 2023. PeeringDB publishes the same coordinate for BTR1 and BTR2, so the pin here is the OpenStreetMap house-number match for 7127 Florida Blvd and is marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "2.5 MW utility feed supporting a 500 kW critical IT load; 540 tons of N+1 cooling."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dartpoints-btr2-baton-rouge-la",
    "name": "DartPoints BTR2 Baton Rouge",
    "operator": "DartPoints",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.4514445,
      "lon": -91.1156117,
      "city": "Baton Rouge",
      "county": "East Baton Rouge",
      "street": "7139 Florida Blvd",
      "postalCode": "70806",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dartpoints.com/press/dartpoints-acquires-venyu-adding-three-louisiana-data-centers-to-portfolio/",
        "label": "DartPoints acquires Venyu, adding three Louisiana data centers to portfolio",
        "publisher": "DartPoints",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=LA&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility records for Louisiana (fac 15844, DartPoints Baton Rouge, LA - BTR2)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/baton-rouge",
        "label": "Baton Rouge data centers and colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=7139+Florida+Blvd%2C+Baton+Rouge%2C+LA+70806&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim geocode for 7139 Florida Blvd, Baton Rouge, LA 70806",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Second DartPoints building in the Bon Carre Technology Park, next door to BTR1: 27,000 sq ft total with 9,130 sq ft of data hall. The 2 MW figure comes from the Baxtel listing, not from DartPoints, hence the reported confidence. PeeringDB publishes an identical coordinate for BTR1 and BTR2, so the pin here is the OpenStreetMap house-number match for 7139 Florida Blvd.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dartpoints-greenville-sc",
    "name": "DartPoints Greenville Data Center",
    "operator": "DartPoints",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.8075277,
      "lon": -82.3434922,
      "city": "Greenville",
      "county": "Greenville",
      "street": "78 Global Drive",
      "postalCode": "29607",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 12.5,
      "operational": 2.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-11-12",
        "note": "DartPoints has operated in Greenville County since 2007. A $125 million, 88,000 sq ft expansion is under construction, raising the site from 2.5 MW to 12.5 MW, with operations expected to begin July 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sccommerce.com/news/dartpoints-expands-greenville-county-operations",
        "label": "DartPoints expands Greenville County operations",
        "publisher": "South Carolina Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=78+Global+Drive%2C+Greenville%2C+SC&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for 78 Global Drive, Greenville, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://greenvilleeconomicdevelopment.com/dartpoints-expands-greenville-county-operations/",
        "label": "DartPoints Expands Greenville County Operations",
        "publisher": "Greenville Area Development Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Colocation / edge facility rather than a hyperscale campus, but explicitly positioned by the operator and the state for AI, enterprise and edge workloads. Coordinates are the OSM address point for 78 Global Drive. Re-checked 2026-09-10 (DartPoints' own Greenville location page, source dated after this record's 2026-08-26 lastUpdated): status unchanged, still operational, running continuously since 2007. energy: confirmed absence — no utility name or energy-source disclosure found on the operator's site or in the Nov 2025 / SC Commerce / Greenville EDC press coverage. landAcres: confirmed absence — none of the sources checked (SC Commerce, Greenville EDC, DartPoints' own site) state a land acreage figure for the Greenville site. subsidies: confirmed absence in every press source checked (SC Commerce, Greenville EDC press release, Governor's office quote, County Council Chairman's quote) — no FILOT agreement, tax abatement, or other incentive is mentioned for either the existing facility or the 2025 expansion. Note this is a press-coverage-level absence, not a county-council-minutes-level (GASB77-grade) audited negative — I could not get past Greenville County's agenda/minutes portal navigation to confirm at that stronger tier this session; genuinely unresolved, not confirmed clean.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Expansion will use mixed air and liquid cooling to balance performance with energy efficiency."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 125000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 10,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Greenville County Council Chairman welcomed the $125M expansion at the time of announcement (Nov 2025); no independent reporting of local opposition or friction was found. This reflects official/economic-development-context reception, not a survey of resident sentiment.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "dartpoints-lexington-fayette-ky",
    "name": "DartPoints Lexington Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "DartPoints",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.0747519,
      "lon": -84.4876212,
      "city": "Lexington",
      "county": "Fayette",
      "street": "745 West New Circle Road",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 70
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05-27",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-27",
        "note": "DartPoints announced the acquisition of a 29.5-acre Lexington data center campus (the former Lexmark property) and plans to redevelop it for AI, neo-cloud, hyperscale and enterprise workloads.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dartpoints-acquires-lexington-kentucky-data-center-campus-to-support-ai-neo-cloud-hyperscale-and-enterprise-demand-302782916.html",
        "label": "DartPoints Acquires Lexington, Kentucky Data Center Campus to Support AI, Neo-Cloud, Hyperscale, and Enterprise Demand",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (DartPoints)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.weku.org/lexington-richmond/2026-06-04/data-center-company-plans-to-expand-former-lexmark-property-for-cloud-ai-computing",
        "label": "Data center company plans to expand former Lexmark property for cloud, AI computing",
        "publisher": "WEKU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://smileypete.com/business/dartpoints-acquires-lexington-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "DartPoints Acquires Lexington Data Center Campus for $29 Million",
        "publisher": "Smiley Pete Publishing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkyt.com/2026/06/08/dartpoints-data-center-coming-lexington-wont-get-city-incentives/",
        "label": "DartPoints data center coming to Lexington won't get city incentives",
        "publisher": "WKYT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=745+West+New+Circle+Road%2C+Lexington%2C+KY&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 745 West New Circle Road, Lexington, Fayette County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Acquired in May 2026 for $29 million; roughly 343,000 sq ft of campus including about 81,000 sq ft of existing raised-floor data center space, fully zoned for data center use, with rack densities up to 200 kW planned. DartPoints describes a path to approximately 20–30 MW in an initial phase with longer-term expansion potential to 70 MW — the 70 MW build-out figure is what capacityMw.planned records. As of June 2026 the company was still finalizing a ready-for-service date and no operations date had been announced, so this is recorded as proposed rather than operational; Lexington declined to provide city incentives. Coordinates are a geocode of the street address, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Kentucky Utilities (KU)",
      "notes": "The property includes an owned on-site substation; DartPoints cites collaboration with Kentucky Utilities and LG&E, and WEKU reports KU supports the project."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "DartPoints describes 'direct-to-chip liquid cooling using closed-loop, low-water-use heat rejection' alongside support for traditional air-cooled environments."
    },
    "landAcres": 29.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dartpoints-shv01-shreveport-la",
    "name": "DartPoints SHV01 Shreveport",
    "operator": "DartPoints",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5135356,
      "lon": -93.7477839,
      "city": "Shreveport",
      "county": "Caddo",
      "street": "601 Milam St",
      "postalCode": "71101",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dartpoints.com/locations/shv01-shreveport-la/",
        "label": "DartPoints SHV01 — Shreveport, LA facility page",
        "publisher": "DartPoints",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://brightlio.com/louisiana-data-centers/",
        "label": "Louisiana Data Centers & Colocation — Venyu/DartPoints Shreveport, 87,000 sq ft, Tier III",
        "publisher": "Brightlio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=LA&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility records for Louisiana (fac 15892, DartPoints Shreveport, LA - SHV1)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Operator page: 5,600 sq ft data hall, 2.2 MW of utility power, 4,000 kW generator capacity, 760 tons of cooling, up to 20 kW per rack, more than 200 active racks, Uptime Institute Tier III Certified. Directory listings describe an 87,000 sq ft downtown Shreveport building. Street address not published on a source fetched this session, so the point is a Shreveport geocode flagged approximate. Formerly Venyu; acquired by DartPoints in 2023.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "data-city-energy-abundance-laredo-tx",
    "name": "Data City, Texas",
    "operator": "Energy Abundance Development Corporation",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.5306,
      "lon": -99.4803,
      "city": "Laredo",
      "county": "Webb",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 5000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/energy-abundance-announces-data-city-texas--the-worlds-largest-behind-the-meter-data-center-hub-powered-by-100-247-green-energy-302407052.html",
        "label": "Energy Abundance announces Data City, Texas (press release, Mar 21 2025)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Energy Abundance Development Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/5gw-data-center-with-behind-the-meter-hydrogen-power-planned-for-laredo-texas/",
        "label": "Up to 5GW data center with behind-the-meter hydrogen power promised for Laredo, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/data-city-texas",
        "label": "Data City Texas — project listing",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Early-stage developer announcement (Mar 21 2025) for a 5 GW behind-the-meter data center hub on ~50,000 acres near Laredo (Webb County), targeting large AI workloads with direct-to-chip liquid cooling. Phase 1 stated as 300 MW / ~1M sq ft in 2026, scaling to 5 GW / 15M+ sq ft. Highly speculative: primary source is a single promotional press release; no permit, interconnection, or construction evidence located. Coordinate anchored on Laredo. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the operator's launch press release and one regional business-journal writeup (2026-09-10); both cover only the developer's technical vision (50,000-acre, off-grid/islanded from ERCOT) with no mention of a public hearing, Laredo city/county government reaction, or resident feedback. No community-reception record found in either source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Claimed 100% behind-the-meter: wind, solar, batteries, and dual-fuel gas turbines initially on Texas natural gas, later shifting toward green hydrogen; paired with a proposed 2 TWh 'Hydrogen City' salt-dome hydrogen storage concept."
    },
    "landAcres": 50000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "data-holdings-eau-claire-wi",
    "name": "Data Holdings Eau Claire Data Center",
    "operator": "Data Holdings LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.811349,
      "lon": -91.4984941,
      "city": "Eau Claire",
      "county": "Eau Claire",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dataholdings.com/eau-claire-data-center",
        "label": "Eau Claire Data Center | SOC2 Compliant — operator facility page (4,000 SF raised floor, 1 MW, 2N cooling and standby power)",
        "publisher": "Data Holdings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Eau+Claire%2C+Eau+Claire+County%2C+Wisconsin&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, WI (city-level coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "4,000 sq ft raised-floor, Tier III-design colocation facility: 1 MW, 16 kW max per rack, 2N standby power (two diesel generators) and 2N cooling, with SOC 2 Type II attestation and HIPAA, PCI DSS and NDAA compliance. Sibling of the already-tracked Data Holdings Milwaukee site (3135 W. Highland Ave.). ⚠️ Data Holdings publishes no street address, saying only that the facility is \"on the south side of Eau Claire\", so the coordinates are an approximate CITY-LEVEL point and are NOT the facility footprint — they should be corrected before the pin is treated as meaningful. Single-source, hence \"reported\".",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "1 MW of power with a maximum of 16 kW per rack; dual and redundant UPS, 2N standby power via two diesel generators."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Operator states \"Cooling redundancy: 2N\" and a Tier III design allowing critical systems to be maintained during normal operations, but does not identify the heat-rejection method."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "data-holdings-milwaukee-wi",
    "name": "Data Holdings Milwaukee Data Center",
    "operator": "Data Holdings LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0437366,
      "lon": -87.9540068,
      "city": "Milwaukee",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "street": "3135 W. Highland Blvd",
      "postalCode": "53208",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 10
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dataholdings.com/milwaukee-data-center",
        "label": "Milwaukee Data Center — facility specifications",
        "publisher": "Data Holdings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/data-holdings-milwaukee-data-center/",
        "label": "Data Holdings Milwaukee Data Center — facility profile",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "Purpose-built two-story 46,000 sq ft carrier-neutral colocation facility commissioned in 2014; Tier III+ concurrently maintainable design, 2N route-diverse utility feeds, 10 MW of total commercial power, up to 30 kW per cabinet, LEED Gold, SOC 2 Type II / HIPAA / PCI DSS. Coordinates are an address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.28,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "data-suites-murfreesboro-tn",
    "name": "Data Suites Murfreesboro",
    "operator": "Data Suites",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.85555,
      "lon": -86.4048269,
      "city": "Murfreesboro",
      "county": "Rutherford",
      "street": "1020 W. College Street",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://mydatasuites.com/",
        "label": "Nashville / Murfreesboro Data Center | AI Colocation | Data Suites",
        "publisher": "Data Suites",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mydatasuites.com/about/",
        "label": "About Data Suites -- A Locally Owned, Eco-Friendly Data Center in Murfreesboro, TN",
        "publisher": "Data Suites",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mydatasuites.com/powered-shell-data-center-nashville/",
        "label": "Powered Shell Data Center for Lease Near Nashville TN | Data Suites",
        "publisher": "Data Suites",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Locally owned, independent colocation facility founded 2015 ('We were founded in 2015 with a community-first mission: bring more fiber into Rutherford County'); never previously in the dataset -- Tennessee has not yet been reached by the automated rotation. Powered-shell page states '2 MW available' at 415V with up to 50kW/rack, Tier-3-ready. SUBSIDIES CONFIRMED ABSENT by the operator's own statement: 'Not one tax dollar and not one tax incentive has gone into Data Suites. We are privately built and debt-free' (mydatasuites.com/about/, retrieved 2026-09-13) -- an audited-style negative from the party with the least incentive to overstate self-funding. A third-party aggregator (baxtel.com, not cited as a source here) lists a differently-specified Murfreesboro 37129 facility ('Colo Reseller', built 2016, air-cooled, Middle Tennessee Electric) that could not be reconciled with this operator's own description and may be a distinct, separately-discoverable site; not included pending its own address confirmation.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator's own site describes the facility as 'built with food-grade closed-loop cooling, heat reuse, zero tax breaks' -- a recirculating water circuit, classified closed_loop per the contract's marketing-language tie-breaker regardless of the 'eco-friendly' framing."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "data3-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "DATA3 Tulsa Data Center",
    "operator": "DATA3 Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.042795,
      "lon": -95.9534996,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "2448 E 81st St, Suite 700",
      "postalCode": "74137",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Listed as an operating carrier-neutral colocation facility in the Cloud and Colocation Oklahoma directory.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/data3-tulsa-data-center/",
        "label": "Data3 - Tulsa Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Location Map",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=2448+E+81st+St%2C+Tulsa%2C+OK+74137&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for 2448 E 81st St, Tulsa, OK 74137",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral Tier-3-style colocation suite in the Cityplex Towers complex in south Tulsa. Backup power is a 500 kVA diesel generator with two utility feeds and in-line UPS; fire suppression is waterless FM200. No IT load figure is published, so capacityMw is omitted. Coordinates are a street-address geocode of the tower complex.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-bos1-boston-ma",
    "name": "DataBank BOS1 - Downtown Boston",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.354699,
      "lon": -71.060271,
      "city": "Boston",
      "county": "Suffolk",
      "street": "1 Summer Street Suite 704",
      "postalCode": "02110",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "DataBank's own facility page lists BOS1 at 1 Summer Street Suite #704 with \"7,760 IT Square Feet\" and \"0.5MW Critical IT Load\".",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/boston/1-summer-street/",
        "label": "DataBank Boston BOS1 - \"1 Summer Street Suite #704\", \"7,760 IT Square Feet\", \"0.5MW Critical IT Load\"",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/2250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: DataBank Boston (BOS1), 1 Summer St, Boston",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "A separately-operated colocation suite inside the 1 Summer Street carrier hotel, the same BUILDING as the tracked Markley Group One Summer Street facility. Different operator, different suite, separate PeeringDB facility record - recorded as a distinct facility, not as a second entry for Markley's space.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-brooklyn-park-mn",
    "name": "DataBank Brooklyn Park Campus",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.116,
      "lon": -93.386,
      "city": "Brooklyn Park",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "8111 Oxbow Creek N",
      "postalCode": "55445",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 9
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/minneapolis/brooklyn-park-campus/",
        "label": "Brooklyn Park Campus Data Center",
        "publisher": "DataBank (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/press-releases/databank-officially-qualifies-for-minnesota-tax-incentives/",
        "label": "DataBank's MSP3 Data Center Officially Qualifies for Minnesota Tax Incentives",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/minneapolis/",
        "label": "DataBank — Minneapolis data centers: MSP3 Brooklyn Park, 8111 Oxbow Creek N, 82,231 IT sq ft, 9 MW critical IT load",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — DataBank Minneapolis (MSP3), 8111 Oxbow Creek N, Brooklyn Park MN 55445",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "8111 Oxbow Creek N, Brooklyn Park, MN 55445. Anchored by DataBank's 'MSP3' data hall. Some third-party aggregators (datacentermap.com, datacenterjournal.com) attribute a DataBank facility at '10300 6th Ave N' to 'Plymouth' — that appears to be an older/alternate address or aggregator error for the same Brooklyn Park campus (DataBank's own current site only lists the Oxbow Creek N address for its Minneapolis-market campus); went with the address on DataBank's own official page. Coordinates approximate (Brooklyn Park city-area estimate, not parcel-geocoded this session).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Receives power from two 4.5MW feeds from an Xcel Energy substation, per DataBank's own release. This is DataBank's MSP3 building on the Brooklyn Park campus (opened 2021, 82,000+ raised sq ft)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Minnesota Qualified Data Center sales tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Minnesota (certified by DEED)",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-bwi1-baltimore-md",
    "name": "DataBank BWI1 (Downtown Baltimore Data Center)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.291652966378,
      "lon": -76.619738877727,
      "city": "Baltimore",
      "street": "300 West Lexington Street",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DB_DCTR_BWI1_Q32020_v2.pdf",
        "label": "Downtown Baltimore Data Center - BWI1 Facility Datasheet",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates confirmed via US Census geocoder (exact match on 300 W Lexington St, Baltimore, MD 21201) -- same carrier hotel building as the separately-recorded AiNET One Market Center facility; the two are distinct commercial colocation operations sharing one address, so the shared pin is disclosed rather than a duplicate. DataBank's own datasheet states 1.5MW site power total (600kW critical power, N+1 design), 10,000 sq ft raised floor, Tier III design, multi-tenant. No source fetched this run states an operational date; status inferred operational from the datasheet's present-tense description of an active, staffed facility. aiClassification omitted: no source names AI/GPU/HPC use at this site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-cleveland-cle1-oh",
    "name": "DataBank Cleveland (CLE1)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4998,
      "lon": -81.6829,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/cleveland/1255-euclid-ave/",
        "label": "DataBank CLE1 page: 1255 Euclid Ave Suite 200, 7,440 sq ft raised floor, 0.4 MW critical IT load",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/cleveland/databank-cleveland/",
        "label": "DataCenterMap DataBank Cleveland listing",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Colocation facility in the 1255 Euclid Avenue carrier-hotel building, downtown Cleveland — 7,440 sq ft raised floor, 0.4 MW critical IT load. Distinct from the already-tracked Lumen Cleveland 1 (4000 Chester Ave). The same building also houses 365 Data Centers (CL1) and BlueBridge Networks as separate colocation tenants; recorded here as one representative record rather than three near-duplicate pins at one address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-den2-centennial-co",
    "name": "DataBank DEN2 — Centennial",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5917924,
      "lon": -104.8479857,
      "city": "Centennial",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "street": "6900 South Peoria Street",
      "postalCode": "80112",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Listed by the operator as part of the operational Centennial Campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/denver/centennial-campus/",
        "label": "Centennial Campus Data Center — Denver (DEN2 and DEN5 specs)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "31,510 IT sq ft, 4 MW critical IT load, 10 onsite carriers. The older of the two buildings on DataBank's 11-acre Centennial Campus; campus acreage is not attributed to this single building.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Campus powered by an Xcel Energy off-site substation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-den5-centennial-co",
    "name": "DataBank DEN5 — Centennial II",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5900652,
      "lon": -104.8469635,
      "city": "Centennial",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "street": "6961 S. Quentin Street",
      "postalCode": "80112",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 16
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Listed by the operator as part of the operational Centennial Campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/denver/centennial-campus/den5/",
        "label": "DEN5 Data Center — Centennial Campus, Denver",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/denver/centennial-campus/",
        "label": "Centennial Campus Data Center — Denver",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "56,000 IT sq ft, 16 MW critical IT load, 11 onsite carriers. Adjacent to DataBank DEN2 on an 11-acre shared Centennial Campus (acreage is campus-level and therefore not recorded on this site record). Originally slated to open in early 2024.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Campus powered by an Xcel Energy off-site substation; operator markets a 100% renewable energy source."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-downtown-minneapolis-msp4-mn",
    "name": "DataBank Downtown Minneapolis Data Center (MSP4)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.971127,
      "lon": -93.2546167,
      "city": "Minneapolis",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "511 11th Avenue South",
      "postalCode": "55415",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.779
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Listed as an operating facility on DataBank's own Minneapolis market page and registered in PeeringDB.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/minneapolis/",
        "label": "DataBank — Minneapolis data centers (MSP4 Downtown: 8,170 IT sq ft, 0.779 MW critical IT load)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — DataBank Minneapolis (MSP4), 511 11th Ave S, Minneapolis MN",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=511+11th+Ave+S%2C+Minneapolis%2C+MN&format=json&limit=1&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — Minnesota Gateway Data Center, 511 11th Avenue South, Minneapolis MN 55415",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "DataBank publishes \"8,170 IT Square Feet\" and \"0.779MW Critical IT Load\" for MSP4. Located in the 511 Building carrier hotel — the same address as Cologix MIN1–MIN5, but a separate operator's suite, not the same facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-east-twin-cities-eagan-mn",
    "name": "DataBank East Twin Cities Data Center (MSP2)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8375194,
      "lon": -93.1454144,
      "city": "Eagan",
      "county": "Dakota",
      "street": "3255 Neil Armstrong Blvd",
      "postalCode": "55121",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/minneapolis/eagan/",
        "label": "DataBank Eagan, Minnesota Data Center (East Twin Cities / MSP2)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/press-releases/databank-officially-qualifies-for-minnesota-tax-incentives/",
        "label": "DataBank's MSP3 Data Center Officially Qualifies for Minnesota Tax Incentives",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/minneapolis/",
        "label": "DataBank — Minneapolis data centers: MSP2 East Twin Cities, 3255 Neil Armstrong Blvd, Eagan, 48,860 IT sq ft, 5 MW critical IT load",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "48,860 IT square feet; FedRAMP-certified multi-tenant carrier-hotel facility with 21 onsite carriers. Distinct from DataBank's Brooklyn Park campus already in this dataset (id: databank-brooklyn-park-mn) — this is DataBank's separate Eagan site. DataBank's own MSP3-qualification release states MSP2 (this facility) previously qualified for Minnesota's DEED-certified data-center sales tax exemption; no amount or certification date disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Operator states the facility runs on 100% renewable power; no MW figure or specific utility named on the page."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Minnesota Qualified Data Center sales tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Minnesota (certified by DEED)",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-ewr2-piscataway-nj",
    "name": "DataBank EWR2 (Piscataway)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.549247,
      "lon": -74.458241,
      "city": "Piscataway",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "25 Corporate Place South",
      "postalCode": "08854",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating facility on DataBank's own New Jersey location page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/new-jersey/",
        "label": "DataBank New Jersey data centers page (EWR1 Newark, EWR2 Piscataway)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=DataBank&state=NJ",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 10922, 'DataBank Piscataway (EWR2)', 25 Corporate Pl S, Piscataway NJ 08854",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "22,590 IT square feet and 3 MW critical IT load with 9 on-site carriers, per DataBank's own location page.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-granite-point-bluffdale-ut",
    "name": "DataBank Granite Point Campus (SLC2-SLC6)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.48568,
      "lon": -111.90016,
      "city": "Bluffdale",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/blogs/get-to-know-databanks-salt-lake-city-data-centers/",
        "label": "Get to Know DataBank's Salt Lake City Data Centers",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/databank-announces-opening-of-sixth-salt-lake-city-area-data-center-301632343.html",
        "label": "DataBank Announces Opening of Sixth Salt Lake City Area Data Center",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/sitemap/notice/1039853.html",
        "label": "Public notice — Gateway Redevelopment Area boundary amendment (Bluffdale RDA)",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bluffdale.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3522/Jordan-Crossing-CRA-Draft-Plan-PDF",
        "label": "Jordan Crossing Community Reinvestment Project Area — Draft Plan",
        "publisher": "Bluffdale City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/blogs/tax-incentives-add-to-attractiveness-of-databanks-salt-lake-data-centers/",
        "label": "Tax Incentives Add to Attractiveness of DataBank's Salt Lake Data Centers",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Bluffdale's RDA runs three project areas — Gateway Redevelopment Area and Eastern Bluffdale EDA on the Redwood Road/Bangerter Highway corridor, and Jordan Crossing CRA along the Jordan River near the Utah County border — and DataBank's Granite Point campus on Pony Express Road falls outside all three by street-corridor and section/township/range legal-description cross-reference, not a parcel-level GIS overlay. The Jordan Crossing CRA's own draft plan names four illustrative development sites and none is Granite Point, DataBank, or Pony Express Road; no RDA board minutes or agenda mentions either. DataBank's own marketing blog names only the statewide sales-tax exemption on data-center equipment as an incentive for its Salt Lake-area sites — an entity-level, self-executing state exemption, not a Bluffdale-specific award. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Per-building on-site power from DataBank's own campus page: SLC2 10 MW (45,000 sq ft), SLC3 10 MW (53,000 sq ft), SLC4 9 MW (34,000 sq ft), SLC5 20 MW (90,000 sq ft), plus SLC6 at 11 MW available with 'another 11 megawatts to come online in the future' — 60 MW live across the five buildings, with roughly 11 MW of stated headroom at SLC6."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-indo-cartersville-ga",
    "name": "DataBank Project Indo",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.1651,
      "lon": -84.7996,
      "city": "Cartersville",
      "county": "Bartow",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "DataBank filed a DRI for a 200 MW campus on 69 acres at 218 Industrial Park Rd in Cartersville (Bartow County); ~288 MW grid connection; 2032 first phase",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/databank-files-for-200mw-data-center-campus-outside-atlanta-georgia/",
        "label": "DataBank files for 200MW data center campus outside Atlanta, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.daily-tribune.com/news/data-center-eyes-cartersville-industrial-site/article_effaa5c3-3a8b-56dd-bbb3-53d11fb7a072.html",
        "label": "The Daily Tribune (Cartersville, GA) — Data center eyes Cartersville industrial site",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Project Indo: a 200 MW campus on 69 acres at 218 Industrial Park Rd, Cartersville, Bartow County (~288 MW grid connection filed); DRI submitted, first phase targeted 2032. Coordinates are the Cartersville area centroid. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked a DCD-sourced writeup (2026-09-10, DCD's own page 403'd on direct fetch) covering the Development of Regional Impact filing (69 acres, 200MW, $2.4B at full build-out, first phase possibly 2032). No public hearing, resident reaction, or official statement of support/opposition documented in this source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2400000000,
    "landAcres": 69,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 60,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-las1-las-vegas-nv",
    "name": "DataBank LAS1",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0597501,
      "lon": -115.1470938,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "7185 Pollock Drive",
      "postalCode": "89119",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3.35
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-29",
        "note": "DataBank lists LAS1 as an operating colocation facility with 57,364 IT square feet and 3.35 MW of critical IT load.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/las-vegas/",
        "label": "DataBank Las Vegas LAS1 - 7185 Pollock Drive, 57,364 IT sq ft, 3.35 MW critical IT load",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Carrier-dense edge colocation facility with 2N power redundancy and 11 on-site carriers. The building is mapped in OpenStreetMap as 'DataBank Las Vegas LAS1' at this address, which is how the coordinates were confirmed. A general-purpose colocation site rather than a dedicated AI campus.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-lenexa-ks",
    "name": "DataBank MCI3 South Lake Campus Data Center",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.925685125075,
      "lon": -94.769520334995,
      "city": "Lenexa",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "street": "11200 Lakeview Ave",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 12.75
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/kansas-city/",
        "label": "Kansas City Data Center and Colocation Solutions",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Operator's own site lists this as (MCI3) South Lake Campus Data Center, 69,762 IT sq ft, 12.75MW critical IT load, 15 onsite carriers -- one of two named DataBank facilities in the Kansas City metro (the other is the separate Pine Ridge / Overland Park site, recorded separately). Coordinates are the US Census geocode of the listed street address, retrieved 2026-09-13; precision set to approximate since the parcel/building footprint was not independently confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-lga3-orangeburg-ny",
    "name": "DataBank LGA3 (Orangeburg Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.037331,
      "lon": -73.987853,
      "city": "Orangeburg",
      "county": "Rockland",
      "street": "2000 Corporate Dr.",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40,
      "operational": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/new-york/lga3",
        "label": "LGA3 / Orangeburg Data Center",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55056553/databanks-orangeburg-data-center-campus-targets-ai-for-the-empire-state",
        "label": "DataBank's Orangeburg Data Center Campus Targets AI for the Empire State",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "DataBank's third metro-NYC facility, described by DataBank's own site (fetched 2026-09-13) as 20 MW critical IT load operational across 110,000 IT sq ft, with the full campus planned to reach 40 MW / 200,000 sq ft across 5 data halls. Data Center Frontier's trade-press coverage states different figures for the same campus (30 MW initially available with planned expansion to 45 MW, 200,000 sq ft at full build-out) -- both figures are reported here rather than reconciled; the operator's own current site is treated as the more current figure for the operational MW. A second planned facility, LGA4, is also referenced by Data Center Frontier at 45 MW but not yet named on DataBank's own site as of this fetch -- omitted as a separate record since it is not yet independently confirmed as a distinct, addressable site. Data Center Frontier ties the campus's HPC/AI-oriented data-hall design to New York's Empire AI Consortium initiative, but does not name a specific AI tenant or offtaker at this site -- aiClassification omitted rather than guessed (colocation is multi-tenant and general-purpose). Distinct from the existing bloomberg-orangeburg-ny and the newly-added jpmorgan-chase-orangeburg-ny records -- three separate Orangeburg, Rockland County data-center campuses. Coordinates geocoded from the street address via US Census geocoder (address-range interpolation, not a confirmed parcel), hence approximate precision.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-mem1-memphis-tn",
    "name": "DataBank MEM1 (Memphis)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.20249,
      "lon": -89.8097,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "7620 Appling Center Drive",
      "postalCode": "38133",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.45
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/memphis/7620-appling-center-drive/",
        "label": "7620 Appling Center Drive - Memphis Data Center",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/memphis",
        "label": "Memphis Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-mia1-miami-fl",
    "name": "DataBank MIA1 — Downtown Miami",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.775811,
      "lon": -80.192959,
      "city": "Miami",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "36 NE 2nd Street Suite 700",
      "postalCode": "33132",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/miami/",
        "label": "DataBank — Miami (MIA1) data center page: 36 NE 2nd Street Suite 700, 11,030 IT sq ft, 1.6MW critical IT load, 28 on-site carriers",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Miami",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"DataBank Miami (MIA1)\", 36 NE 2nd Street",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "11,030 sq ft of IT space with a 1.6MW critical IT load, across the street from the NAP of the Americas. Occupies suites in the 36 NE 2nd Street carrier hotel, a building that also houses separately-operated facilities (Digital Realty MIA10, Equinix MI2, ColoHouse).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-ord3-mount-prospect-il",
    "name": "DataBank ORD3 (Mount Prospect)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0771274,
      "lon": -87.9238121,
      "city": "Mount Prospect",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "800 E. Business Center Drive",
      "postalCode": "60056",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.7
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed with live IT square footage and critical load on DataBank's Chicago market page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/chicago/",
        "label": "DataBank Chicago data centers (ORD1–ORD4)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "DataBank's market page lists ORD3 at 28,950 IT sq ft and 2.7MW. Distinct from CloudHQ's Mount Prospect campus already tracked (different operator, different site — this is an existing suburban colocation building on Business Center Drive). Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-ord4-oak-brook-il",
    "name": "DataBank ORD4 (Chicago Tri-State)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.85392,
      "lon": -87.9221234,
      "city": "Oak Brook",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "street": "1808 Swift Drive",
      "postalCode": "60523",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8.75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed with live IT square footage and critical load on DataBank's Chicago market page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/chicago/",
        "label": "DataBank Chicago data centers (ORD1–ORD4)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "DataBank's market page lists ORD4 at 77,510 IT sq ft and 8.75MW — its largest Illinois site. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-overland-park-ks",
    "name": "DataBank MCI2 Pine Ridge Data Center",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.975738717441,
      "lon": -94.708635080112,
      "city": "Overland Park",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "street": "10605 W 84th Ter",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/kansas-city/",
        "label": "Kansas City Data Center and Colocation Solutions",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Operator's own site lists this as (MCI2) Pine Ridge Data Center, 11,510 IT sq ft, 2MW critical IT load, 15 onsite carriers, and describes it as home to DataBank's primary Network Operations Center. Coordinates are the US Census geocode of the listed street address, retrieved 2026-09-13; precision set to approximate since the parcel/building footprint was not independently confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-pit1-pittsburgh-pa",
    "name": "DataBank PIT1 (Downtown Pittsburgh)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.4479,
      "lon": -80.0086,
      "city": "Pittsburgh",
      "county": "Allegheny",
      "street": "100 S Commons",
      "postalCode": "15212",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.9
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/pittsburgh/",
        "label": "DataBank Pittsburgh Data Centers — PIT1",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "30,760 IT square feet with 1.9 MW of critical IT load and 29 on-site carriers, at 100 S Commons on Pittsburgh's North Shore.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-pit2-summit-park-pittsburgh-pa",
    "name": "DataBank PIT2 (Summit Park)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.4433,
      "lon": -80.1697,
      "city": "Pittsburgh",
      "county": "Allegheny",
      "street": "35 Summit Park Drive",
      "postalCode": "15275",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/pittsburgh/",
        "label": "DataBank Pittsburgh Data Centers — PIT2 Summit Park",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "47,100 IT square feet with 5 MW of critical IT load and 29 on-site carriers, on a 17-acre campus near Pittsburgh International Airport that DataBank says has room for multiple additional data centers.",
    "landAcres": 17,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-red-oak-tx",
    "name": "Red Oak Campus",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5135,
      "lon": -96.7282,
      "city": "Red Oak",
      "county": "Ellis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 480
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "$2B loan secured; first building operational before end of 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/news/dallas-based-firm-lands-2-billion-construction-loan-for-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "DataBank — $2 billion construction loan for the Dallas-area data center campus",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/dallas-ft-worth/news/data-center-development/databank-secures-2b-construction-loan-for-red-oak-data-centers-134226",
        "label": "Bisnow — DataBank Secures $2B Construction Loan For Red Oak Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/dallas/red-oak-campus/",
        "label": "DataBank — Red Oak Campus (operator site)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dallasinnovates.com/databank-announces-new-480mw-north-texas-data-center-campus-featuring-eight-two-story-data-centers/",
        "label": "Dallas Innovates — DataBank Announces New 480MW North Texas Data Center Campus Featuring Eight Two-Story Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/press-releases/databank-secures-2-0b-of-construction-financing-for-first-three-data-centers-on-new-south-dallas-campus/",
        "label": "DataBank Secures $2.0B of Construction Financing for First Three Data Centers on New South Dallas Campus",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "292-acre, 8-building campus. Distinct operator/site from Compass Datacenters' separate Red Oak, TX campus (same town, different companies).",
    "investmentUsd": 837000000,
    "landAcres": 292,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-san1-san-diego-ca",
    "name": "DataBank San Diego SAN1",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9886013,
      "lon": -117.073246,
      "city": "San Diego",
      "county": "San Diego",
      "street": "12270 World Trade Drive, Suite 100",
      "postalCode": "92128",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3.2,
      "operational": 7.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/san-diego/12270-world-trade-drive/",
        "label": "DataBank San Diego (SAN1), 12270 World Trade Drive - facility page",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/press-releases/databank-expands-capacity-of-san1-data-center-in-san-diego/",
        "label": "DataBank expands capacity of SAN1 data center in San Diego",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/databank-san-diego-san1",
        "label": "DataBank San Diego SAN1 - Baxtel facility record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Capacity corrected/clarified: DataBank's current live product page states 7.2MW critical IT load / 55,239 IT sq ft (independently corroborated by a DataCenterMap aggregator listing); DataBank's own 2022-2023 expansion press materials instead cite a 7.5MW/60,000 sq ft total-capacity target, which is not a contradiction but an older total-capacity framing rather than the current critical-IT-load figure. aiClassification set to 'likely' on the strength of an 'HPC Capable' designation and '40kW+ Cab Density Air' cooling spec on DataBank's own page, though this is a general multi-tenant colo facility rather than a dedicated AI/GPU campus. Distinct from the already-tracked EdgeConneX SDG01 (5761 Copley Drive, Kearny Mesa) - different operator and neighborhood (this site is in Rancho Bernardo/Carmel Mountain Ranch). Coordinates are an approximate geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-slc1-salt-lake-city-ut",
    "name": "DataBank SLC1 (Salt Lake City Carrier Hotel)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.76852,
      "lon": -111.88585,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/blogs/get-to-know-databanks-salt-lake-city-data-centers/",
        "label": "Get to Know DataBank's Salt Lake City Data Centers",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cra.slc.gov/projects/central-business-district/",
        "label": "Central Business District Project Area — Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cra.slc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SLCRDA_FY2021_FINAL.pdf",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City — FY2021 Annual/Audit Report",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. 179 Social Hall Avenue sits within the RDA's Central Business District (CBD) project-area boundary (bounded by North Temple/500 South and 400 West/200 East) — but sitting inside a project area is not itself a subsidy. The CBD's own published list of RDA-funded participation developments names exactly four projects (Paperbox Lofts, The Aster, 150 Main, West Quarter), none at Social Hall Avenue and none a data center, and a full-text search of the RDA's FY2021 annual/audit report returned zero mentions of \"Social Hall.\" Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-sna1-irvine-ca",
    "name": "DataBank SNA1",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.69137,
      "lon": -117.84036,
      "city": "Irvine",
      "county": "Orange",
      "street": "17222 Von Karman Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.64
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/irvine/",
        "label": "DataBank Irvine Data Centers",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "DataBank operates two Irvine, CA facilities on Von Karman Avenue (SNA1 and SNA2), recorded here as separate entries. SNA1 is 36,720 IT square feet with 2.64MW critical IT load per the operator's own site. Square footage omitted (no landAcres/other field for IT sq ft in this schema). aiClassification omitted: no source names AI/GPU capacity at this specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-sna2-irvine-ca",
    "name": "DataBank SNA2",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.68882,
      "lon": -117.84289,
      "city": "Irvine",
      "county": "Orange",
      "street": "17400 Von Karman Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/irvine/",
        "label": "DataBank Irvine Data Centers",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "DataBank operates two Irvine, CA facilities on Von Karman Avenue (SNA1 and SNA2), recorded here as separate entries. SNA2 is 53,150 IT square feet with 8MW critical IT load per the operator's own site. aiClassification omitted: no source names AI/GPU capacity at this specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-vernon-la-ca",
    "name": "Vernon LA Campus (with Goodman Group)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.00543,
      "lon": -118.218653,
      "city": "Vernon",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "3094 East Vernon Avenue",
      "postalCode": "90058",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 32
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Opening Dec 2026, phased through Sept 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Goodman broke ground on the three-story building at 3094 E Vernon Avenue in March 2025 and topped out the shell in September 2025; the first 6 MW is scheduled for December 2026 with the remaining 26 MW staged through September 2027 — so the site is past the proposed stage recorded on the line.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/databank-and-goodman-group-partner-to-open-new-landmark-data-center-in-los-angeles-302735412.html",
        "label": "DataBank and Goodman Group partner to open new landmark data center in Los Angeles",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/resources/press-releases/databank-and-goodman-group-partner-to-open-new-landmark-data-center-in-los-angeles/",
        "label": "DataBank press release — DataBank and Goodman Group Partner to Open New Landmark Data Center in Los Angeles",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/los-angeles/los-angeles-vernon-data-center/",
        "label": "Los Angeles Vernon Data Center (LAX2), 3094 E. Vernon Avenue",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/04/vernon-snags-32mw-data-fortress-as-databank-teams-with-goodman/",
        "label": "DataBank, Goodman launch 32MW data center project in Vernon",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/04/vernon-snags-32mw-data-fortress-as-databank-teams-with-goodman/",
        "label": "DataBank, Goodman launch 32MW data center project in Vernon",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Joint venture with Goodman Group; opening December 2026, phased through September 2027.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "databank-west-twin-cities-edina-mn",
    "name": "DataBank West Twin Cities Data Center (MSP1)",
    "operator": "DataBank",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8628296,
      "lon": -93.3305557,
      "city": "Edina",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "7700 France Avenue South",
      "postalCode": "55435",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.35
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Listed as an operating facility on DataBank's own Minneapolis market page and registered in PeeringDB.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/minneapolis/",
        "label": "DataBank — Minneapolis data centers (MSP1 Edina: 26,240 IT sq ft, 1.35 MW critical IT load)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — DataBank Minneapolis (MSP1), 7700 France Avenue South, Edina MN 55435",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?street=7700+France+Ave+S&city=Edina&state=MN&country=US&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — 7700 France Avenue South, Pentagon Park, Edina MN 55435",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "DataBank publishes \"26,240 IT Square Feet\" and \"1.35MW Critical IT Load\" for MSP1. Distinct from DataBank's Eagan (MSP2) and Brooklyn Park (MSP3) sites already tracked, and from its MSP4 suite in the 511 Building.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dataverge-brooklyn-ny",
    "name": "DataVerge Brooklyn (Industry City)",
    "operator": "DataVerge",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6579597,
      "lon": -74.0055488,
      "city": "Brooklyn",
      "county": "Kings",
      "street": "882 3rd Avenue",
      "postalCode": "11232",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2003",
        "note": "Founded in 2003 as ColoGuard (CGNY1 on the 9th floor, CGNY2 on the 8th floor) and rebranded to DataVerge in 2020.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dataverge.com/interconnected-data-center-brooklyn/",
        "label": "Interconnected Colocation Data Center Brooklyn — DataVerge (operator facility page: 882 3rd Ave, Brooklyn NY; 50,000 sq ft with 40,000 sq ft raised floor; 1.75 MW diesel backup)",
        "publisher": "DataVerge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/dataverge-brooklyn",
        "label": "DataVerge Brooklyn data center (formerly ColoGuard CGNY1 & CGNY2), 882 3rd Ave, 8th & 9th floors",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=882+3rd+Avenue%2C+Brooklyn%2C+NY+11232&format=json&limit=2&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim: building named \"Cologuard\" at 882 3rd Avenue, Sunset Park, Brooklyn NY 11232 (OSM 249605318)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation at Industry City, Sunset Park — the operator describes it as the only carrier-neutral data center in Brooklyn. Operator states 50,000 sq ft with 40,000 sq ft of raised floor plus 35,000 sq ft available for expansion, 1.75 MW of diesel backup generation and a 3,000-gallon fuel tank; carriers include AT&T, Charter, Cogent, Crown Castle, Lightpath, Lumen, Verizon, Zayo and Zenfi. IT load capacity is not published, so capacityMw is unset. The OSM building still carries the facility's former name, ColoGuard, which is what pins the location exactly.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "datayard-dayton-oh",
    "name": "DataYard Dayton Data Center",
    "operator": "DataYard",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7602255,
      "lon": -84.1953733,
      "city": "Dayton",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datayard.us/contact/",
        "label": "DataYard official contact page: 130 W Second St, Suite 250, Dayton, OH 45402",
        "publisher": "DataYard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datayard.us/data-center-co-location/",
        "label": "DataYard colocation page: downtown Dayton facility operating since 1995 (current is 'fourth iteration')",
        "publisher": "DataYard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Locally-owned downtown Dayton colocation provider, self-described as operating a Dayton data center continuously since 1995 (current facility is their 'fourth iteration'). Address confirmed on DataYard's own site; no MW/sq ft publicly disclosed, so capacity is omitted. Coordinates approximate. Included for Montgomery County coverage.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "davis-besse-nuclear-ottawa-county-oh",
    "name": "Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station",
    "operator": "Vistra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.59667,
      "lon": -83.08639,
      "city": "Oak Harbor",
      "county": "Ottawa",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 988,
      "operational": 908
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01-09",
        "note": "Vistra and Meta announced a 20-year PPA; Meta contracts the plant's full 908 MW existing output plus an 80 MW share of a planned uprate (988 MW total), per Vistra's SEC Form 8-K.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vistra-and-meta-announce-agreements-to-support-nuclear-plants-in-pjm-and-add-new-nuclear-generation-to-the-grid-302656941.html",
        "label": "Vistra and Meta Announce Agreements to Support Nuclear Plants in PJM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Vistra Corp.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/nuclear/vistra-and-meta-ink-ppa-for-2-6-gw-of-nuclear-power-in-pjm-region/",
        "label": "Vistra and Meta ink PPA for 2.6 GW of nuclear power in PJM region",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stocktitan.net/news/VST/vistra-and-meta-announce-agreements-to-support-nuclear-plants-in-pjm-zul6gbxgqjn9.html",
        "label": "Vistra, Meta sign 20-year deal for 2,609 MW nuclear power (reproduces SEC Form 8-K per-plant MW)",
        "publisher": "StockTitan (SEC Form 8-K mirror)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Besse_Nuclear_Power_Station",
        "label": "Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station (site coordinates)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "Single-unit PWR near Oak Harbor, OH (site actually in Carroll Township), ~908 MW, placed under a 20-year Meta PPA announced Jan 2026 — one of three Vistra nuclear plants (2,609 MW total) matched to Meta's PJM-region data-center load. Grid-delivered; Meta also funds an 80 MW uprate share.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Single-unit ~908 MWe net PWR (commercial operation 1978), delivering into the PJM grid. Meta contracts 908 MW of existing output plus an 80 MW uprate share under a 20-year PPA."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Part of the Jan 2026 Vistra-Meta 20-year PPA package (2,609 MW across three Vistra nuclear plants). Meta takes 100% of Davis-Besse's 908 MW operating output plus an 80 MW share of a fleet-wide uprate program. Grid-matched — power continues to the PJM grid (Vistra cites serving Meta's Ohio load, including its New Albany 'Prometheus' cluster), not a single dedicated campus, so no poweredFacilityIds. Operated by Vistra since the 2024 Energy Harbor acquisition; license to 2037."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "db-stu-mount-orab-brown-oh",
    "name": "Mount Orab Mega-Site Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "DB Stu LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0275659,
      "lon": -83.919652,
      "city": "Mount Orab",
      "county": "Brown",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Village council passed an emergency zoning rewrite and a Community Reinvestment Area resolution accommodating the mega-site.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.browncountypress.com/news/19046/mt-orab-council-member-takes-steps-to-stop-possible-data-center-construction",
        "label": "Mt. Orab council member takes steps to stop possible data center construction",
        "publisher": "Brown County Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stopohiodatacenters.org/brown-county",
        "label": "Mt. Orab, Ohio: DB Stu LLC Mega-Site | Brown County",
        "publisher": "Ohio Data Centers (stopohiodatacenters.org)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "More than 1,000 contiguous acres at the southeast corner of Mount Orab village were sold to DB Stu LLC, a Delaware LLC whose Ohio tax-mailing address runs through Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease in Columbus. Capacity, investment and the end user remain undisclosed under NDAs; reported capacity figures circulating publicly are not confirmed by any filing read here, so none is recorded.",
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The mayor and village council members signed nondisclosure agreements before residents learned of the project; council member Eric Lang rescinded his NDA and on February 3, 2026 introduced ordinances for 180-day data center and small-modular-reactor permit moratoria plus a permanent ban on commercial nuclear facilities.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-atlanta-west-ga",
    "name": "DC BLOX Atlanta West (ATL1)",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7882,
      "lon": -84.6608,
      "city": "Lithia Springs",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 120
    },
    "poweredBy": "Greystone Power Cooperative",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-11",
        "note": "$1.15 billion green loan financing announced; 120 MW campus on 100 acres in Lithia Springs adjacent to Microsoft campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Phase 1 (120 MW Building A) construction underway; delivery targeted 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/dcblox-secures-1-15-billion-green-loan-atlanta-data-center-campus-development/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Secures $1.15 Billion Green Loan for Atlanta Data Center Campus Development",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-centers/douglas-county-ga-hyperscale-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Atlanta West Hyperscale Data Center Campus – DC BLOX official page",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.douglascountysentinel.com/douglasville_sentinel/city-approves-98-million-tax-break-for-expanded-data-site/article_7356b1e6-2fd1-548d-9990-ad97c861be9d.html",
        "label": "City approves $98 million tax break for expanded data site",
        "publisher": "Douglas County Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Initial 120 MW phase (Building A); site plan includes additional 80 MW Building B (delivery early 2028) and 80 MW Building C (early 2029) totaling 200+ MW. investmentUsd reflects green loan construction financing announced August 11, 2025. Located adjacent to Microsoft Douglasville campus, 2.5 miles from Google facility. Coordinates are Lithia Springs area centroid. Original DCD source URL returned HTTP 404 and was replaced with the DC BLOX official press release, which resolves and supports all claims. The $98M Douglasville abatement was granted for the campus in the Riverside West Business Park (New River Road); city/authority filings cite 25 permanent jobs (~$130k average) and up to 500 construction jobs over five years — projections, not confirmed headcounts.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Greystone Power Cooperative"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "DC BLOX's campus design specifies high-efficiency magnetic-bearing air-cooled chillers with thermal storage and provisions for a future liquid-cooling tie-in (operator campus page); the company characterizes the design as effectively waterless. Air-cooled chillers still use minimal water (humidification/occasional evaporative assist); no quantified water-use (MGD) figure has been published, and use could change if the liquid-cooling provision is activated."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "City of Douglasville property-tax abatement — $98M over 11 years (graduated: 0% years 1-3, 10% years 4-5, then 20%/40%/50% years 6-8, 60% years 9-10; applies to buildings/land, not servers)",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Douglasville, GA",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1150000000,
    "landAcres": 100,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Douglasville City Council unanimously approved the $98M abatement for the expanded campus (Mayor Pro Tem Terry Miller: 'It's hard to scoff at $2 billion coming into your community'); the project sits within a broader Douglas County data-center growth and zoning debate. No DC BLOX-specific organized opposition or litigation found.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-birmingham-al",
    "name": "DC BLOX Birmingham Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5006652,
      "lon": -86.8208315,
      "city": "Birmingham",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "street": "433 6th Street South",
      "postalCode": "35233",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 60,
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-centers/birmingham/",
        "label": "Birmingham Data Center - Alabama Colocation",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=433+6th+Street+South%2C+Birmingham%2C+AL+35233&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 433 6th Street South, Birmingham AL 35233 — returns OSM way 1019816009, building tagged type=data_center, name \"DC Blox Data Center\"",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac/7219",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 7219 - DC BLOX BHM1, 433 6th St S, Birmingham AL 35233",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Operator spec page states verbatim: \"Up to 5MW critical load; expandable up to 60MW\" and \"31,000 sq. ft. initially; expandable up to 200,000 sq. ft.\", with a planned expansion building of 263,000 SF. A campus-level stat block on the same page reads \"4 Data Centers (Operational & in Development)\", \"294,000 Square Feet\", \"49 Critical MW (Committed & Planned)\" — the 60MW and 49MW figures are stated on the same page and are not reconciled by DC BLOX; both recorded here verbatim rather than normalized. Cooling: the source says only \"N+1 cooling\", \"Hot aisle containment\" and \"High efficiency Direct Expansion (DX)\" and does not state whether a recirculating water circuit is present, so coolingType is deliberately not classified. Site is the former Ingalls Ironworks building; DC BLOX states it is the first multi-tenant data center in Alabama to hold Uptime Institute Tier III Certification of Constructed Facility. Coordinates are the OSM building polygon centroid for the parcel, which OSM independently tags as a data centre named \"DC Blox Data Center\". Investment, jobs and subsidies not stated on any source fetched in this run — not checked at the Jefferson County / City of Birmingham tier, so their absence here is a gap in this research, NOT an audited negative.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-camp-hall-berkeley-county-sc",
    "name": "DC BLOX Camp Hall Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1595951,
      "lon": -79.9070461,
      "county": "Berkeley",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 45
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/dc-blox-purchases-land-secures-power-in-berkeley-county-south-carolina/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Purchases Land and Secures Power in Berkeley County, South Carolina",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://scbiz.com/tech-company-to-build-200k-square-foot-data-center-in-berkeley-county/",
        "label": "Tech company to build 200K-square-foot data center in Berkeley County",
        "publisher": "SC Biz News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Third DC BLOX site committed in South Carolina (after Myrtle Beach cable landing station and Greenville colocation): DC BLOX purchased 27.5 acres from Santee Cooper in the Camp Hall commerce park, Berkeley County (announced 2023-09-27), with a preliminary plan of four buildings totaling approximately 200,000 sq ft and 45 MW of planned power; build-to-suit options available. Both sources describe it as still in the planning/land-secured phase with no stated construction start date, hence status 'proposed'. No source gives a street address or parcel for the specific building site within the multi-thousand-acre Camp Hall park, so the coordinates used here are the Berkeley County centroid (from OSM Nominatim) as an explicitly disclosed county-level placeholder, not even a city-level pin -- do not read this as parcel- or city-level precision. A third-party aggregator (baxtel.com) lists larger figures for this same project (64.5 acres, 1,131,000 sq ft, 3 buildings) attributed to 2027, which was not used here because it conflicts with the operator's own press release and no primary source confirming an expansion was found this session; flagging for a future refresh check.",
    "landAcres": 27.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-greenville-sc",
    "name": "DC BLOX Greenville Data Center",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.80455191966,
      "lon": -82.342676840132,
      "city": "Greenville",
      "county": "Greenville",
      "street": "33 Global Drive",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-centers/greenville/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Greenville Data Center",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation site in Global Business Park off I-85, described by the operator as the first multi-tenant data center in South Carolina, Uptime Institute Tier III certified (Data Hall 2). Capacity is omitted: the operator's own page gives two figures that do not cleanly separate operational from planned capacity ('8 Critical MW (Committed & Planned)' as a site total, and 'Up to 3MW critical load in phase 1; expandable up to 18MW' for one phase), so no single number can be attributed to 'operational' without guessing. Square footage: 36,493 sq ft built, up to 54,000 sq ft of data hall space, 6,700 sq ft tenant space, per the same source. Coordinates geocoded from the operator's stated street address via the US Census geocoder, not stated directly by any source as facility coordinates.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-henrico-county-va",
    "name": "DC Blox Henrico County Campus (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.5532,
      "lon": -77.4543,
      "county": "Henrico",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-07",
        "note": "$500M application deferred by Henrico County Planning Commission; concerns raised over noise, aesthetics",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "DC Blox withdrew rezoning application after sustained community opposition; 195,000 sq ft, 50 MW capacity",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://heatmap.news/politics/data-center-cancellations-2025",
        "label": "Scoop: Local Pushback, Canceled Data Centers Surged in 2025 — Heatmap News",
        "publisher": "Heatmap News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterwatch.org/report",
        "label": "Data Center Watch — Blocked and Delayed Projects Report",
        "publisher": "Data Center Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-huntsville-al",
    "name": "DC BLOX Huntsville Data Center",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.7104202,
      "lon": -86.6921561,
      "city": "Huntsville",
      "county": "Madison",
      "street": "333 Diamond Drive NW",
      "postalCode": "35806",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 13.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-centers/huntsville/",
        "label": "Huntsville Data Center - Alabama Colocation",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=333+Diamond+Drive+NW%2C+Huntsville%2C+AL+35806&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 333 Diamond Drive NW, Huntsville AL 35806 (Madison County)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac/7218",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 7218 - DC BLOX HSV1, 333 Diamond Drive NW, Huntsville AL 35806",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Operator spec page states verbatim: \"Expandable up to 13.5MW critical load\" and \"9,000 sq. ft. expandable up to 52,400 sq. ft.\"; a campus stat block states 2 data centers operational and in development with 9 critical MW committed and planned. Because only the expandable ceiling is stated, 13.5 is recorded as planned and no operational MW is claimed. Cooling stated only as \"N+1 cooling\", \"High efficiency Direct Expansion (DX)\", \"Hot aisle containment\" — no water-circuit detail, so coolingType is not classified. Coordinates are an address-point geocode of the street address DC BLOX publishes, not a confirmed parcel footprint. Distinct from the existing meta-huntsville-al record (different operator, different site). Investment, jobs and subsidies not stated in the source fetched.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-montgomery-al",
    "name": "DC BLOX Montgomery Data Center",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3777111,
      "lon": -86.3090775,
      "city": "Montgomery",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.montgomerychamber.com/blog/press-releases-3604/post/dc-blox-announces-30m-investment-in-new-montgomery-data-center-40072",
        "label": "DC BLOX announces $30M investment in new Montgomery data center",
        "publisher": "Montgomery Regional Chamber of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.madeinalabama.com/2024/11/dc-blox-plans-new-advanced-data-centers-in-montgomery-and-huntsville/",
        "label": "DC BLOX plans new advanced data centers in Montgomery and Huntsville",
        "publisher": "Made in Alabama (Alabama Department of Commerce)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-center-map/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Data Center Locations in Southeastern US (operator location map)",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Montgomery%2C+Alabama%2C+USA&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of Montgomery, Alabama (city centroid)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Announced November 2024 as one of four DC BLOX southeastern hyperscale edge-node sites. Chamber release states verbatim: \"$30 million data center investment\", \"5MW of capacity for a hyperscale anchor tenant, with the potential to scale up to 40MW for additional tenants\", \"Located in Interstate Industrial Park\". Alabama Department of Commerce (Made in Alabama) repeats the 5MW-to-40MW figure. STATUS IS DELIBERATELY 'proposed': no source fetched in this run states that construction has begun, and DC BLOX's own live location map (fetched 2026-09-09) lists only Birmingham and Huntsville in Alabama with no Montgomery entry. An aggregator (servercountry.org) lists this as 40 MW under construction — NOT verified here and not cited. COORDINATES ARE A MONTGOMERY CITY-CENTROID GEOCODE, not the site: the only site detail in a fetched source is the name \"Interstate Industrial Park\", which does not resolve in Nominatim; a secondary search summary placed it off the I-65 Hope Hull exit (roughly 12 miles southwest of the centroid used here) but no page stating that was successfully fetched, so it is not recorded. The coordinate should be tightened before this record is trusted for mapping. No acreage, square footage, job count, timeline or incentive figures appear in any fetched source. Distinct from meta-montgomery-al (different operator and site).",
    "investmentUsd": 30000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-myrtle-beach-cls-sc",
    "name": "DC BLOX Myrtle Beach Cable Landing Station",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6746096,
      "lon": -78.9440697,
      "city": "Myrtle Beach",
      "county": "Horry",
      "street": "1401 Howard Avenue",
      "postalCode": "29577",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 19
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-10-10",
        "note": "DC BLOX opened the cable landing station, the first subsea cable landing facility in South Carolina.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/dc-blox-opens-myrtle-beach-cable-landing-station/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Opens Myrtle Beach Cable Landing Station",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Myrtle+Beach+International+Technology+and+Aerospace+Park%2C+Myrtle+Beach%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim record for DC BLOX Myrtle Beach Cable Landing Station, 1401 Howard Avenue",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-centers/myrtle-beach/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Myrtle Beach Cable Landing Station (MYR1)",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/dc-blox-to-expand-myrtle-beach-cable-landing-station/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Set to Expand Myrtle Beach Cable Landing Station",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "125,000 sq ft and 19 MW at full build-out, in the International Technology & Aerospace Park. Landing point for the Google Firmina and Nuvem cables and Meta's Anjana cable. DC BLOX announced an expansion on 2025-10-14 to add capacity for five more subsea cables. Coordinates come from the named OSM feature for the facility itself. Re-checked 2026-09-10 (DC BLOX's own Myrtle Beach facility page, source dated after this record's 2026-08-26 lastUpdated): status unchanged, still operational (with a second facility on the same campus 'in development' per the expansion announcement) — no flip. energy: confirmed absence — no utility name or grid/on-site-generation disclosure found in any source checked. investmentUsd: confirmed absence — neither the 2023 opening announcement nor the Oct 2025 expansion announcement discloses a dollar figure for Myrtle Beach specifically (DC BLOX's disclosed green-loan financing figures apply company-wide/to other campuses, not this site). aiClassification: left unset — CEO framing ('leverage this infrastructure to create an AI-driven future') is generic aspirational language about the company's broader direction, not a statement that this cable-landing-station site itself is AI-dedicated; not enough to classify. jobs: confirmed absence — no jobs figure in any source checked. subsidies: confirmed absence in every press source checked (DC BLOX's own site, the 2023 opening announcement, the Oct 2025 expansion announcement) — no FILOT or incentive agreement mentioned. This is a press-coverage-level absence only; Horry County's council-minutes/ordinance portal and the ITAP authority's own site were not reachable this session (DNS failures on guessed domains), so a stronger county-tier confirmation is unresolved, not ruled out. community: confirmed absence of independent local-reception reporting — a Sept 8 2026 company-wide 'Community Commitment' pledge announcement references Myrtle Beach only via a linked headline, not in its own body text, so it does not count as site-specific community evidence and was not used to set community.status.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative"
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-blox-warren-township-marion-county-in",
    "name": "DC BLOX Warren Township Data Center",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.78,
      "lon": -86.05,
      "city": "Warren Township",
      "county": "Marion",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 78
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — AES Indiana",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-20",
        "note": "Indianapolis Metropolitan Development Commission voted 6-1 on 2026-07-15 to approve DC BLOX's scaled-back data center campus at the Thunderbird Commerce Center in Warren Township — the final local approval (rezoning/variance) needed to proceed. Advances the record from proposed to permitted.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dc-blox-data-center-in-eastern-indianapolis-receives-recommendation-for-approval/",
        "label": "DC Blox data center in eastern Indianapolis receives recommendation for approval",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-07-15/east-side-data-center-wins-approval-despite-community-opposition",
        "label": "East side data center wins approval, despite community opposition",
        "publisher": "WFYI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrtv.com/news/politics/dc-blox-data-center-gets-key-approval-despite-community-opposition",
        "label": "DC Blox data center gets key approval despite community opposition",
        "publisher": "WRTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/indianapolisdatacenter/",
        "label": "Indianapolis Data Center in Marion County, Indianapolis — DC BLOX",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Three-building campus, scaled back from an original 28MW-larger plan. Capex breakout: $700-800M construction + $1.3-1.4B in 'servers, networking equipment, and AI hardware' per the developer's own figures. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AES Indiana",
      "notes": "DC BLOX states the campus will be served by AES Indiana and that the company, not ratepayers, funds the utility infrastructure it requires."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator states the campus uses closed-loop cooling systems and that ongoing operations require no more water than a typical commercial building."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 150,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 600,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Opponents filed an appeal against the hearing examiner's June 11, 2026 approval recommendation; full City-County Council vote pending, likely August 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "dc-devco-project-pulse-gum-springs-ar",
    "name": "Project Pulse Data Center Campus, Southwest Arkansas Mega Site (terminated)",
    "operator": "DC Devco LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0642476,
      "lon": -93.0957833,
      "city": "Gum Springs",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-16",
        "note": "The Clark County Economic Development Corp. board approved a purchase agreement with DC Devco LLC for the 991-acre Southwest Arkansas Mega Site at Gum Springs for $11.4 million, with the end user to be named before closing. Representatives described a minimum $1 billion commitment, a minimum of 150 primary technical jobs, a 'gigawatt power facility' ambition and an operational target of 2032 with construction phased over four to six years.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-04-30",
        "note": "The agreement terminated after the purchaser failed to deposit $200,000 in earnest money within the contractual timeframe; the EDCCC CEO stated 'The purchaser did not deposit the required amount within the timeframe outlined in the agreement,' and a special meeting was set for 2026-05-01 to formally acknowledge the termination.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://arkadelphian.com/2026/04/16/data-center-eyes-clark-county-set-to-buy-mega-site-in-11m-deal/",
        "label": "Data center eyes Clark County, set to buy mega site in $11M deal",
        "publisher": "The Arkadelphian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arkadelphian.com/2026/04/30/project-pulse-topic-of-special-edccc-meeting-friday-morning/",
        "label": "Project Pulse flatlines: Agreement terminated after buyer fails to make deposit by deadline",
        "publisher": "The Arkadelphian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/may/03/the-data-centers/",
        "label": "The data centers",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Gum+Springs%2C+Clark+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Gum Springs, Clark County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Recorded as cancelled: the purchase agreement for the site was terminated in April 2026 for non-payment of earnest money. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Gum Springs, the community the Southwest Arkansas Mega Site is identified with (described as roughly five miles south of Arkadelphia); this is a community-level approximation, not the site boundary. DC Devco LLC is the named purchaser entity; the end user was never disclosed, described only as one of a handful of operators with 'eight gigawatt-plus campuses in the country.' Figures quoted by project representatives at the April 2026 public meeting - a 'gigawatt power facility,' a '2 gig plus campus' and 'somewhere around a $20 billion dollar investment' - are aspirational statements by an unnamed prospective end user and are deliberately NOT recorded as capacity or investment fields. The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette's May 3 roundup, published days after the termination, still described the project as approved; the two Arkadelphian reports are the specific, dated record of the outcome.",
    "landAcres": 991,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dcblox-atlanta-east-conyers-ga",
    "name": "DC BLOX Atlanta East Hyperscale Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.66,
      "lon": -84.02,
      "city": "Conyers",
      "county": "Rockdale",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 216
    },
    "poweredBy": "Georgia Power",
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "DC BLOX announced 72-acre land acquisition in Conyers; campus designed for 750,000 sq ft and 216MW at full build-out; hyperscale anchor client named for Phase 1",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Site preparation underway as of September 2024; Georgia EPD 30-day public comment period on stormwater/wetlands permit (SAS-2024-00075) closed December 18, 2025; non-water-quality construction began December 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/dc-blox-to-build-hyperscale-ready-data-center-campus-rockdale-county-ga/",
        "label": "DC BLOX announces Rockdale County hyperscale campus (Dec 12 2023)",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/data-centers/atlanta-data-centers/rockdale-county-ga-hyperscale-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Atlanta East facility page",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dc-blox-files-for-data-center-campus-outside-atlanta-georgia/",
        "label": "DC Blox files for data center campus outside Atlanta, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/epd-launches-comment-period-proposed-rockdale-data-campus",
        "label": "EPD launches comment period for proposed Rockdale data campus",
        "publisher": "Fox 5 Atlanta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/rockdale-county-ga-community-outreach/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Rockdale County GA community outreach page",
        "publisher": "DC BLOX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate; physical address is 1726 Farmer Road NW, Conyers GA 30012. Land: 72 acres acquired per press release; Georgia EPD permit SAS-2024-00075 references 52.84-acre development footprint with three 40MW buildings. Capacity: 216MW total committed by Georgia Power per utility agreement and DRI filing; DC BLOX facility page cites 154 critical/IT MW (1 × 10MW + 3 × 48MW buildings = 154MW IT load). Phase 1 targeted Q4 2025 delivery (hyperscale anchor + 160,000 sq ft available to additional tenants); non-water-quality construction began December 2025; water-quality permitted work may begin October 2026 with full build taking ~1 year. Dark fiber metro ring planned around Atlanta connecting Atlanta East and Atlanta West campuses and continuing to Myrtle Beach cable landing station. AI/ML applications explicitly cited in press materials as key driver of Atlanta hyperscale demand. DISTINCT from DC BLOX Atlanta West campus in Douglas County (Lithia Springs, ~55 acres, 180MW). Investment amount not publicly disclosed. Job counts not disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "216MW committed by Georgia Power; annualized design PUE of 1.3 at full load"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "High-efficiency magnetic bearing air-cooled chillers with thermal storage; N+2 chiller redundancy; N+5 vertical fan coolers; provisions for future liquid cooling tie-ins. EPD permit SAS-2024-00075 covers permanent impact of 0.213 acres wetlands, 3.30 acres pond, and over 1,200 linear feet of streams in Yellow River watershed; developer to purchase mitigation credits."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Development Authority of Rockdale County incentives via CREDC — confirmed granted; specific terms not publicly disclosed",
        "jurisdiction": "Rockdale County, GA",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 72,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Development Authority chairman and CREDC president publicly supportive; CREDC president cited DC BLOX as 'foundation of an ecosystem' for tech investment in Rockdale County. DC BLOX operates an active community outreach page acknowledging resident concerns including utility bill impacts, water usage, environmental impacts, noise, and lighting. Georgia EPD 30-day comment period on stormwater/wetlands permit closed December 18 2025.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "dcblox-chattanooga-e16th-tn",
    "name": "DC BLOX Chattanooga (807 E 16th Street)",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0314592,
      "lon": -85.2975821,
      "city": "Chattanooga",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "street": "807 E 16th Street",
      "postalCode": "37408",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260824174431/https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2026/aug/23/where-are-data-centers-in-chattanooga-region/",
        "label": "Where are data centers in Chattanooga region? Facilities vary widely.",
        "publisher": "Chattanooga Times Free Press (archived)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=7217",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 7217 — DC BLOX CHA1, 807 E 16th St, Chattanooga, TN 37408",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Colocation facility DC BLOX has operated at this site since 2017; the Times Free Press calls the 9,000 sq ft windowless building the city's largest data center. DC BLOX vice president Bill Thomson states its maximum power capacity is 1 megawatt and it typically runs at about 20% of that, and that this capacity is not enough to run AI servers — hence aiClassification mixed_use rather than likely. The 1 MW figure is recorded as capacityMw.planned because it is a maximum rating, not a measured operating load. CONFIRMED ABSENCES from the same interview (2026-08-23): the site was zoned for light industry and did not require data-center-specific permitting, and DC BLOX has no plans to expand its Chattanooga footprint; its AI-oriented builds are elsewhere in the region. Hamilton County's one-year data-center moratorium covers only unincorporated parts of the county, so it does not reach this site. Coordinates are a geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "dcblox-nashville-grassmere-tn",
    "name": "DC BLOX Nashville (Grassmere Park)",
    "operator": "DC BLOX",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0865,
      "lon": -86.74893,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://williamsonsource.com/dc-blox-sues-metro-over-blocked-data-center-project-near-nashville-zoo/",
        "label": "DC BLOX Sues Metro Over Blocked Data Center Project Near Nashville Zoo",
        "publisher": "Williamson Source",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/07/22/metro-council-passes-first-data-center-regulations-nashville-heres-what-changes/",
        "label": "Metro Council passes first data-center regulations in Nashville. Here's what changes",
        "publisher": "WSMV News 4 Nashville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/guide-data-centers-tennessee-could-081728521.html",
        "label": "Your guide to data centers in Tennessee and how they could affect you",
        "publisher": "The Tennessean (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Status re-checked 2026-09-09: no change, stays proposed. Metro Council authorised eminent domain on 2026-08-04, DC BLOX sued on 2026-08-11, and as of this check no ruling on its preliminary-injunction request has been reported; two zoning challenges are not heard until at least December 2026. investmentUsd left unset - $23 million is the land purchase price, not the project investment, and the widely quoted \"$700 million\" figure could not be sourced to a page fetched in this run.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dcip-arcadia-roan-street-fl",
    "name": "DCIP DeSoto County Data Center (Roan Street)",
    "operator": "DCIP Group (DeSoto County Industrial Park)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.2236505,
      "lon": -81.8041159,
      "city": "Arcadia",
      "county": "DeSoto",
      "street": "3800 NE Roan Street",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-24",
        "note": "DeSoto County Board approved a PUD rezoning and Concept Development Plan (RZNE-0077-2025) for a 35,134 sq ft data center facility and office with an electrical generation facility on 34.22 acres at 3800 NE Roan Road.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://desotobocc.com/431/Data-Center-Applications",
        "label": "DeSoto County, FL — Data Center Applications portal: RZNE-0077-2025 (DCIP, 34.22 ac, 35,134 sq ft, Board approval 24 March 2026); RZNE-0086-2026 (DCIP & 3-F Ranch, 274.26 ac, 3,686,125 sq ft) and RZNE-0087-2026 (Swisher, 553.79 ac, 4,655,000 sq ft) pending hearings",
        "publisher": "DeSoto County Board of County Commissioners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wgcu.org/top-story/2026-06-25/after-public-outcry-desoto-county-moves-forward-on-data-center-moratorium",
        "label": "WGCU — \"After public outcry, DeSoto County moves forward on data center moratorium\" (DCIP Group, 34 acres rezoned March 2026 at a decommissioned power plant on Roan Street; phase one not yet built; 800+ acre expansion pending)",
        "publisher": "WGCU Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "First DeSoto County data center: a 35,134 sq ft facility and office with on-site electrical generation on 34.22 acres at a decommissioned power plant site. Two further rezonings covering roughly 828 additional acres and about 8.3 million sq ft of building area (RZNE-0086-2026 and RZNE-0087-2026, filed May 2026) are pending public hearings; the developer has described an eventual footprint of roughly 1,300 acres. Recorded as one site because all three applications are the same developer on contiguous land split by Roan Street.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "The approved rezoning covers a data center facility and office together with an on-site electrical generation facility at a decommissioned power plant site. Reporting on the site plan describes an Energy Transfer natural gas station, a 1.5-million-gallon diesel fuel storage tank, and two 600-foot-deep water wells."
    },
    "landAcres": 34.22,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Public comment at the DeSoto County Commission was nearly unanimously opposed; commissioners voted 4-0 (one recusal) on 23 June 2026 to move forward with a one-year moratorium on new data center applications, which does not apply to DCIP's pending applications.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "deca-ghent-carroll-county-ky",
    "name": "Carroll County Digital Campus (Ghent)",
    "operator": "Deca Companies",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7375625,
      "lon": -85.0582835,
      "city": "Ghent",
      "county": "Carroll",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-24",
        "note": "Carroll County Fiscal Court approved and signed a letter to the Kentucky Economic Development Finance Authority supporting Deca's application for state tax incentives; the letter was described as neither approving nor disapproving the project itself.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.madisoncourier.com/carroll_news_democrat/news/deca-proposing-4b-data-center-in-carroll-county/article_dcc68a89-aafd-5c7e-922c-2fd96bc32921.html",
        "label": "DECA proposing $4B data center in Carroll County",
        "publisher": "Carroll News-Democrat / Madison Courier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ghentdc.com/",
        "label": "Carroll County Digital Campus — project information site (Deca)",
        "publisher": "Deca",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/louisville-developer-eyes-second-9-090000833.html",
        "label": "Louisville developer eyes second $9.6B hyperscale data center in Carroll County (describes the separate DECA project east of Ghent, $4B, Owen Electric Cooperative)",
        "publisher": "Louisville Business First (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/see-where-data-center-developers-are-looking-to-build-in-kentucky",
        "label": "See where data center developers are looking to build in Kentucky (project tracker: Carroll County, Deca Companies, planned)",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Ghent%2C+Carroll+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Ghent, Carroll County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Distinct from the PowerHouse/Poe 'Carrollton Industrial Campus' already tracked in Carroll County: different developer, different site (a several-hundred-acre parcel on Sharon Road east of Ghent, near the Gallatin County line, versus 550 acres south of Carrollton near the Kentucky River). Deca projects roughly $40 million a year in local tax revenue by 2034 ($33M to Carroll County Schools, the balance to the county, library, health department and extension services). The project's own site describes phases 1–3 (site selection, evaluation, power) as complete and phase 4 (permitting/engagement) in progress. No capacity figure has been published. Construction-jobs figures differ slightly between sources (7,400 in the Carroll News-Democrat, 'more than 7,000' in Louisville Business First); the more specific figure is recorded. Coordinates are the Ghent city centroid and are approximate — the parcel has not been mapped publicly.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Owen Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "Louisville Business First reports Owen Electric Cooperative as the serving utility; the project's own site names East Kentucky Power Cooperative in the supply chain. Deca has committed to fund any infrastructure required by the project and says local utility rates will not increase as a result."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Project materials describe a closed-loop cooling system that is filled once and recirculates rather than drawing continuously from local supply, with daily cooling water use compared to that of 7–10 homes plus ordinary plumbing."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 7400,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "decennial-akron-fulton-county-in",
    "name": "Decennial Group Akron Data Center",
    "operator": "Decennial Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0387819,
      "lon": -86.0282647,
      "city": "Akron",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-04",
        "note": "Decennial Group co-founder David Pavlick unveiled early plans at an Akron Banquet Hall open house; no site had been selected and no formal application had been filed with the county.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.abc57.com/news/developer-unveils-data-center-plan-in-akron-amid-resident-concerns",
        "label": "Developer unveils data center plan in Akron amid resident concerns",
        "publisher": "ABC57",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterbans.com/state/indiana",
        "label": "Indiana — Data Center Moratoriums (Fulton County, 1 year, enacted 3/3/2026)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Bans",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Developer says the project would require roughly 300 acres and $100–150 million of infrastructure improvements (roads, bridges, water system), with an unnamed hyperscale end user. Those are stated requirements, not a secured site or a total project investment, so neither landAcres nor investmentUsd is asserted. Coordinates are the town of Akron; no parcel has been identified publicly.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer described a proposed closed-loop water system to minimize consumption."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The February 4, 2026 open house grew contentious, with more than 40 residents voicing frustration and saying they were blindsided; Fulton County commissioners then approved a one-year moratorium on data center construction, effective March 3, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "deep-green-lansing-mi",
    "name": "Deep Green Lansing Data Center",
    "operator": "Deep Green",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.747831829239,
      "lon": -84.544559589342,
      "city": "Lansing",
      "county": "Ingham",
      "street": "Cedar Street and Larch Street",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Planning commission voted 5-2 to recommend rezoning, reversing its December 2025 rejection.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Gander Newsroom's running Michigan data-center tracker records the application as withdrawn in April 2026, after the March planning-commission recommendation.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/lansing-city-planning-commission-recommends-110622234.html",
        "label": "Lansing city planning commission recommends rezoning for downtown data center",
        "publisher": "Lansing State Journal (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Downtown Lansing infill project on a 2.5-acre city parking lot at Cedar and Larch Street, developed by U.K.-based Deep Green. STATUS CONFLICT, resolved in favour of the later source: the Lansing State Journal source (2026-03) shows the planning commission recommending rezoning, but Gander Newsroom's continuously-updated Michigan tracker (retrieved 2026-09-09) lists the application as WITHDRAWN in April 2026, so status is recorded as 'cancelled'. A withdrawn application is not necessarily permanent abandonment and this should be re-checked before publishing. On the March position: as of the source, the planning commission had only RECOMMENDED rezoning to the city council; no council rezoning or site-plan approval is recorded. The buy-sell agreement gives the city a right to buy the land back if the project does not proceed within two years. No investment figure, job counts, or incentive agreement is stated in the source. Coordinates are the US Census geocoder's match for the Cedar St / N Larch St intersection named in the source; the parcel itself is not confirmed. Investment of $120 million and the 24 MW figure are both from the Gander tracker; the 24 MW also appears in the Lansing State Journal source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 16,
      "notes": "Source describes a 16-megawatt fuel cell plant paired with the data center. The fuel feedstock is not stated in the source, so energy.source is recorded as 'other' rather than assuming natural gas."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Project representative states a closed-loop cooling system using 500,000 gallons of water a year. That is an annual figure, not a daily one, so reportedMgd is omitted rather than converted (0.5 million gallons per YEAR is not 0.5 MGD)."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 120000000,
    "landAcres": 2.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The Lansing Planning Commission rejected the rezoning request in December 2025 and then voted 5-2 on 2026-03-03 to recommend that the city council rezone the land. The source records the split votes and the earlier rejection but does not attribute a stated reason to the opposing votes, so 'mixed' rather than 'contested'.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "deep-river-data-cumnock-lee-county-nc",
    "name": "Deep River Data AI Data Center (Cumnock, Lee County)",
    "operator": "Deep River Data",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.555,
      "lon": -79.23778,
      "city": "Cumnock",
      "county": "Lee",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-03",
        "note": "Company's continued contact with the state geologist confirmed at the NC Oil & Gas Commission meeting; application still being prepared.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.theassemblync.com/business/commercial-natural-gas-well-ai-datacenter/",
        "label": "Natural Gas To Power AI May Be Coming To North Carolina",
        "publisher": "The Assembly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cwfnc.org/nofracklee/",
        "label": "Lee County: No Fracking Data Center",
        "publisher": "Clean Water for North Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Deep River Data is majority-managed by HM Tech, which runs an existing bitcoin mining and ASIC repair facility in Graham, NC. The company says the North Carolina site would serve AI workloads rather than crypto mining. As of the reporting cited, the project is pre-feasibility: nothing has been approved, permitted or built, and no capacity figure has been published. Site is south of U.S. 421 near the Lee–Chatham county line; coordinates are the Cumnock community, not a parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Company proposes to power the site with methane produced on-site from Butler Well No. 3, a 1998 vertical well drilled to 2,655 feet in the Triassic Basin; it would be the first commercial gas well in that basin if approved."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "deltona-holder-industrial-park-citrus-county-fl",
    "name": "Holder Industrial Park Data Center Expansion (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "Deltona Corporation",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.86722,
      "lon": -82.49444,
      "city": "Lecanto",
      "county": "Citrus",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Deltona Corporation filed applications to expand the existing 557-acre Holder Industrial Park and add data-center uses ('information processing', 'data center utilities', 'data storage') as permitted uses.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06-23",
        "note": "Deltona withdrew both applications rather than face a July 14, 2026 commission vote, after the Planning and Development Commission unanimously recommended denial following an 8-hour public hearing.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baynews9.com/fl/tampa/news/2026/06/18/citrus-county-planning-and-development-commission-vote-down-on-holder-industrial-park-plan",
        "label": "Citrus County panel rejects Holder Industrial Park data center rezoning",
        "publisher": "Bay News 9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://352today.com/news/257752-company-withdraws-controversial-industrial-park-data-center-proposal-in-citrus-county/",
        "label": "Company Withdraws Controversial Industrial Park Data Center Proposal in Citrus County",
        "publisher": "352Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://floridadatacenters.org/citrus-county",
        "label": "Citrus County Data Centers — Deltona Corp Filing",
        "publisher": "FloridaDataCenters.org",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Site described as near County Road 491 & Tram Road, Lecanto, within/adjoining the existing 557-acre Holder Industrial Park. Sources disagree on the exact expansion acreage (352Today describes a 675-777 acre 'Data Center Use Area' within a >1,300-acre rezoning request; FloridaDataCenters.org describes expansion to ~813 acres) so landAcres is omitted rather than picking one. No specific data-center operator/tenant beyond landowner-developer Deltona Corporation (attorney of record: Sid Ansbacher) was named in any source found this run. The withdrawal came after a county-wide data-center moratorium took effect May 26, 2026 — any future Deltona filing on this site is now a new filing subject to that 12-month moratorium, per FloridaDataCenters.org. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Lecanto, the nearest named place in sourcing, not the parcel itself.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 200 residents attended the Planning and Development Commission's public hearing, the vast majority speaking in opposition, citing water and electricity use, artificial light in a rural area, and a continuous low-frequency hum.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dermody-kramers-lane-louisville-jefferson-ky",
    "name": "Dermody Properties Kramers Lane Data Center",
    "operator": "Dermody Properties (DPIF4 KY 6 KRAMERS, LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.2044592,
      "lon": -85.8420564,
      "city": "Louisville",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "street": "3615 Kramers Lane",
      "postalCode": "40216",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-12",
        "note": "Dermody Properties submitted a revised development plan to Louisville Metro proposing to convert a 350,000 sq ft warehouse into a 'telecommunications hotel' (the local-code term for a data center), days before Metro Council voted on a moratorium.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2026-08-12/images-another-data-center-proposed-for-louisvilles-rubbertown-neighborhood",
        "label": "IMAGES: Another data center proposed for Louisville's Rubbertown neighborhood",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2026-08-13/louisville-metro-council-approves-data-center-moratorium-as-new-proposal-sparks-controversy",
        "label": "Louisville Metro Council approves data center moratorium as new proposal sparks controversy",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=3615+Kramers+Lane%2C+Louisville%2C+KY&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 3615 Kramers Lane, Louisville, Jefferson County, KY 40216",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Dermody Properties received approval in May 2024 to develop this 20-acre site as a 350,000 sq ft distribution warehouse; the building remains vacant and the revised plan would convert it to a data center, repurposing the tractor-trailer loading dock area for generator equipment and adding an on-site electrical substation, perimeter fencing and guard shacks. The plans do not name the technology company that would operate the facility, and no capacity figure has been published. Distinct from the PowerHouse/Poe Camp Ground Road campus already tracked, which is about 1.5 km away in the same council district. Coordinates are a geocode of the street address.",
    "landAcres": 20,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "District 1 Council Member Tammy Hawkins said the developer did not contact her before filing and accused the company of trying to 'backdoor' the application ahead of the moratorium; residents in the Rubbertown area raised environmental-justice concerns about the concentration of data centers in west and south Louisville. Metro Council approved a six-month moratorium 24-1 on August 13, 2026, amended during the meeting to cover conversions of existing buildings as well as new construction.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "diamond-farms-gateway-digital-villa-ridge-mo",
    "name": "Diamond Farms (Gateway Digital Campus)",
    "operator": "Provident Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.484,
      "lon": -90.85,
      "city": "Villa Ridge",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "Robertsville Road, near I-44",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-23",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/politics/franklin-county-planning-and-zoning-commission-backs-one-data-center-diamond-farms-rejects-another-crooked-creek/63-89185f2a-d50e-4ac5-bfe9-f5e8209fa9e0",
        "label": "Franklin County Planning and Zoning Commission backs one data center, rejects another",
        "publisher": "KSDK",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/franklin-county-planning-and-zoning-approves-diamond-farms-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Franklin County Planning and Zoning Approves Diamond Farms Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "The Missouri Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Franklin County Planning & Zoning Commission recommended approval 5-4 on 2026-04-21/23; final rezoning decision rests with the three-member Franklin County Commission, which had not voted as of this session. Also marketed by the developer as 'Gateway Digital Campus.' The companion Crooked Creek (Beltline Energy) proposal in the same county was withdrawn on 2026-08-07 and is not included here.",
    "landAcres": 600,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "permanent": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digi-power-x-columbiana-al",
    "name": "Digi Power X Columbiana AI Data Center",
    "operator": "Digi Power X",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1810918,
      "lon": -86.622753,
      "city": "Columbiana",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "130 Industrial Parkway",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Digihost/Digi Power X announced the former Grede Foundry site, in use as a bitcoin-mining operation since 2022, would be converted to a data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "\"construction on the Columbiana facility is set to begin in May 2026 and be completed by March 2027 for service to begin in April 2027\"",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.shelbycountyreporter.com/news/columbiana-data-center-signs-1b-agreement-future-plans-revealed-f520ff1b/",
        "label": "Columbiana data center signs $1B agreement, future plans revealed (29 May 2026)",
        "publisher": "Shelby County Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=130+Industrial+Parkway%2C+Columbiana%2C+AL+35051&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 130 Industrial Parkway, Columbiana AL 35051 (Shelby County) — resolves to OSM way 471834867, landuse=industrial \"Industrial Parkway\"",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "SUBSIDY — AUDITED-STYLE NEGATIVE: the Columbiana City Council \"unanimously rejected a tax abatement proposal for Digi Power X\", and the article states \"The only governmental body that has the jurisdiction to give an abatement on taxes for the Columbiana data center is the City Council.\" So as of 29 May 2026 this site has NO local tax abatement, and by the reporter's account no other body could have granted one. Digi Power X had requested abatement on \"all state and local non-educational property taxes on the project's industrial development property\" plus construction-related transaction taxes through 2027. A further abatement proposal may come before the council later. ANCHOR TENANT: 10-year master services agreement with Cerebras Systems for colocation of the 40 MW AI data center, \"valued at approximately $1.1 billion with potential for the contract value to reach $2.5 billion, inclusive of renewal terms\" — that $1.1B is CONTRACT VALUE, not capital investment, and is deliberately not recorded as investmentUsd; the $371.5M figure is the stated \"total investment ... in building, machinery and personal property\" from the abatement filing. JOBS: \"Digi Power X plans to start out with two jobs at a total annual payroll of $200,000 and to expand to 45 permanent jobs by year three with a total payroll of $4.5 million\" — the 2 recorded under jobs.construction is actually the year-one headcount, not a construction workforce; the source states no construction-worker count. SITE HISTORY: property purchased by Digihost Technology Inc from Grede II LLC on 21 June 2022 after the Grede Foundry closed in 2020, and run as a bitcoin-mining operation until the January 2025 conversion announcement. Air emissions to be monitored by ADEM. Coordinates are the OSM industrial-park polygon centroid for Industrial Parkway, not a confirmed parcel footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "\"Digi Power X has an agreement with Alabama Power for the facility and plans to build out in two phases, with Phase 1 comprising 15 megawatts of information technology load and Phase 2 delivering 25 MW for a combined total of 40 MW.\" The article adds that \"The property already supported 22 MW through a substation that was left over from the operation of the Grede Foundry.\""
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "The abatement filing states only that \"the site will utilize water for liquid cooling\" and that noise will come from cooling equipment. The source does not state whether the water circuit recirculates or how heat is rejected, so coolingType is deliberately left unknown rather than guessed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 371500000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2,
      "permanent": 45,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "\"Since its announcement, residents have expressed disapproval for the data center leading to a town hall in January 2026 that answered questions regarding the facility. In February, the Columbiana City Council approved an ordinance placing restrictions on any future data centers.\" The City Council then \"unanimously rejected a tax abatement proposal for Digi Power X\" following the 5 May 2026 Cerebras announcement.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "digico-lax1-monterey-park-ca",
    "name": "DigiCo LAX1 (1977 Saturn Street)",
    "operator": "DigiCo Infrastructure REIT",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.03951,
      "lon": -118.115058,
      "city": "Monterey Park",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "1977 Saturn Street",
      "postalCode": "91755",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration filed for Development Agreement No. 24.02 / Site Development Plan No. 24-040 (revised October 2025).",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-03-31",
        "note": "HMC StratCap 1977 Saturn, LLC (a DigiCo Infrastructure REIT subsidiary) formally withdrew Development Agreement No. 24.02 / Site Development Plan No. 24-040 in a signed letter to the Monterey Park City Council (signed by Interim CEO Chris Maher) - filed before, not after, the city's Measure NDC ballot vote.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/18798/26_03_31_SIGNED_LAX---Letter-to-City-of-Monterey-Park",
        "label": "Signed withdrawal letter - HMC StratCap 1977 Saturn, LLC to City of Monterey Park (March 31, 2026)",
        "publisher": "City of Monterey Park",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/1710/Data-Center-Information",
        "label": "Data Center Information - Ordinance 2279 / Measure NDC",
        "publisher": "City of Monterey Park",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://laist.com/news/politics/developer-pulls-monterey-park-data-center-plan-after-backlash",
        "label": "Developer pulls Monterey Park data center plan after backlash",
        "publisher": "LAist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.foxbusiness.com/fox-news-tech/monterey-park-permanent-data-center-ban",
        "label": "Monterey Park voters approve permanent data center ban",
        "publisher": "Fox Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nodatacentermpk.org/projectoverview",
        "label": "Project overview - No Data Center MPK",
        "publisher": "No Data Center MPK",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coloradoboulevard.net/data-center-developer-withdraws-monterey-park-proposal-as-measure-ndc-heads-to-june-ballot/",
        "label": "Data center developer withdraws Monterey Park proposal as Measure NDC heads to June ballot",
        "publisher": "ColoradoBoulevard.net",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.realestatesource.com.au/digico-sells-la-data-centre-sites/",
        "label": "DigiCo sells LA data centre sites",
        "publisher": "Real Estate Source (AU)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/digico-los-angeles-lax1",
        "label": "DigiCo Los Angeles LAX1 - Baxtel facility record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "DigiCo Infrastructure REIT is externally managed by HMC Capital (ASX-listed); the applicant/signing entity was HMC StratCap 1977 Saturn, LLC. Approximately 250,000 sq ft hyperscale data center campus planned at 1977 Saturn Street, adjacent to a companion site at 1980 Saturn Street (referred to in trade coverage as DigiCo 'LAX2') which is NOT tracked as a separate record here - LAX2's specifics trace only to aggregator listings with no independent primary or press confirmation found this pass; it is being divested in the same HMC Capital transaction. Capacity disputed, omitted: sources disagree materially (49.5-50 MW per Fox Business and No Data Center MPK, citing the applicant's own Initial Study/MND; approximately 56 MW per aggregators, apparently derived from 14 backup diesel generators at 4 MW each; 66-72 MW per CoStar describing 'the original proposal') and the primary withdrawal letter discloses no MW figure at all. Acreage disputed, omitted: approximately 5 acres per a community group's math from the building footprint versus 16 acres per Baxtel (aggregator-only - treated as unconfirmed). HMC Capital bought the parcel for approximately $39M (December 2024) and has agreed to sell it back for roughly $39M plus $33.5M for the adjacent LAX2 site plus a $10M contingent earn-out, settling in H1 FY27 - real-estate transaction values, not construction capex, since the facility was never built; investmentUsd is left unset. No jobs figures disclosed anywhere. No AI/HPC-specific marketing language found for this project. City had a pre-existing data-center moratorium before this project surfaced. Coordinates are an approximate street-level geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Measure NDC, a permanent citywide data-center ban, passed 88.34% (10,321-1,362) in a June 2, 2026 special election and was implemented via Ordinance 2279; the applicant's withdrawal (March 31, 2026) preceded the vote. The community group 'No Data Center MPK' cited approximately 12 million gallons/year of water use, approximately 434 GWh/year of power draw, noise, and approximately 77,034 metric tons CO2e/year, sourced to the applicant's own Initial Study/MND.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digihost-erie-county-ny",
    "name": "Digihost — Erie County (Buffalo)",
    "operator": "Digihost (Digi Power X)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.919825,
      "lon": -78.81999,
      "city": "Buffalo",
      "county": "Erie",
      "street": "1001 E Delavan Ave",
      "postalCode": "14215",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 42
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Digihost_American_Axle_Erie_County_facility",
        "label": "Digihost American Axle Erie County Facility",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gisservices.its.ny.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NYS_Tax_Parcels_Public/MapServer/1/query?where=PRINT_KEY%3D%27101.24-1-1.1%27+AND+COUNTY_NAME%3D%27Erie%27&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Erie County parcel/GIS record (parcel 101.24-1-1.1 (SBL 10124000010011000000, SWIS 140200))",
        "publisher": "Erie County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "1001 E Delavan Ave, Buffalo, NY — former American Axle factory, 60,000+ sq ft, under a 99-year lease. Digihost's original/first facility, operating since 2021; confirmed genuinely distinct from the company's North Tonawanda site (~9 miles away, different municipality, no legal/regulatory issues reported at this site unlike North Tonawanda). Coordinates are an approximate geocode, not an independently confirmed parcel pin.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "digihost-north-tonawanda-ny",
    "name": "Digihost / Digi Power X — Fortistar North Tonawanda",
    "operator": "Digihost (Digi Power X)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0483121591696,
      "lon": -78.85360658271534,
      "city": "North Tonawanda",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 120,
      "operational": 60
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/appeals-court-delivers-blow-to-north-tonawanda-crypto-operation-reinforces-new-yorks-climate-law",
        "label": "Appeals Court Delivers Blow to North Tonawanda Crypto Operation, Reinforces New York's Climate Law",
        "publisher": "Earthjustice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://buffalonews.com/news/local/digihost-north-tonawanda-plant-judge-ruling-new-york/article_3451bb94-a2d2-11ef-873b-27c39f255943.html",
        "label": "Digihost North Tonawanda Plant Judge Ruling",
        "publisher": "Buffalo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/citys-data-center-moratorium-in-new-york-impacts-digi-power-xs-hopes-to-convert-cryptomine-to-ai-data-center/",
        "label": "City's Data Center Moratorium in New York Impacts Digi Power X's Hopes to Convert Cryptomine to AI Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S10642",
        "label": "S10642 - Responsible Data Center Development Act",
        "publisher": "New York State Senate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.niagaracounty.com/arcgis/rest/services/NC_GIS/NC_GIS/FeatureServer/4/query?where=SBL%3D%271820070001013001%27&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Niagara County parcel/GIS record (parcel SBL 1820070001013001 (ParcelId 6189))",
        "publisher": "Niagara County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "1070 Erie Ave, North Tonawanda, NY. 60 MW operating with potential for another 60 MW unbuilt. Under an unresolved legal/regulatory cloud: a NY Supreme Court ruling (Nov 2024) required the Public Service Commission to complete a CLCPA climate-impact review of the site's power-plant-sale approval; the NY Appellate Division, Third Dept affirmed that ruling on May 28, 2026 — the required CLCPA review remains incomplete as of this writing, and the facility continues operating pending it. The company (now \"Digi Power X,\" ticker DGXX) has filed for Planning Commission approval to convert the site to an 80,000 sq ft AI/HPC data center, but this is blocked by North Tonawanda's data-center moratorium (imposed July 2024, extended again ~June 2026 after resident pushback) — the AI pivot is a real, filed proposal, not vaporware, but has no live AI hosting revenue at this site. A New York statewide bill (Responsible Data Center Development Act, S10642/A11560) passed both legislative chambers June 4, 2026 and remained unsigned/pending before Gov. Hochul as of July 2026; it would impose a one-year moratorium on new permits for large (≥20MW) data centers. This would be a second, largely redundant obstacle behind North Tonawanda's own binding local moratorium, which already blocks the AI/HPC conversion described above.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 55,
      "notes": "The site is the former Fortistar North Tonawanda gas plant, purchased by Digihost in 2022 (PSC-approved) and used to power 24/7 mining. Earthjustice describes it as a 55-megawatt gas plant that was rarely utilised before the sale."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The Clean Air Coalition of Western New York and Sierra Club, represented by Earthjustice, sued the NY Public Service Commission over its approval of the Fortistar sale. A November 2024 Albany County Supreme Court ruling was affirmed on 2026-05-28 by the Appellate Division, Third Department, which held the PSC must assess the emissions impacts of the sale under the CLCPA and has not yet completed that analysis.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-fortress-lynnwood-wa",
    "name": "Digital Fortress Lynnwood (SEA1)",
    "operator": "Digital Fortress",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.8224039,
      "lon": -122.2896138,
      "city": "Lynnwood",
      "county": "Snohomish",
      "street": "4200 194th Street SW",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2006",
        "note": "Baxtel gives 2006 as the year opened.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/589360530",
        "label": "OSM way 589360530 - 'Digital Fortress Lynnwood', telecom=data_center, website digital-fortress.com/lynnwood-data-center/",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/digital-fortress-lynnwood",
        "label": "Digital Fortress Lynnwood - 4200 194th Street SW, Lynnwood WA; 15,941 sq ft data floor; opened 2006",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Operated by Digital Fortress; the building itself has changed hands repeatedly (NetRiver, Bytegrid, Lincoln Rackhouse, Landmark Infrastructure), so no owner is asserted here - only the operator. Total power is not published by the operator and is not recorded.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-fortress-pnj-piscataway-nj",
    "name": "Digital Fortress PNJ (Piscataway)",
    "operator": "Digital Fortress",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.544144,
      "lon": -74.496592,
      "city": "Piscataway",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "201 Centennial Avenue",
      "postalCode": "08854",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating colocation facility on Digital Fortress's own site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/piscataway-data-center/",
        "label": "Digital Fortress Piscataway, New Jersey data center page",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NJ&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 13023, 'Digital Fortress (PNJ)', 201 Centennial Ave Bldg B, Piscataway NJ 08854",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "96,500 sq ft facility with 9,700 sq ft of white space and 14,000 sq ft of shell space; 1.8 MW UPS N+1 power with 15 kW per cabinet available and 800 tons of chilled-water cooling. Heat-rejection method is not published, so water.coolingType is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-fortress-ptl-portland-or",
    "name": "Digital Fortress PTL (Downtown Portland 1)",
    "operator": "Digital Fortress",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.52115,
      "lon": -122.68189,
      "city": "Portland",
      "county": "Multnomah",
      "street": "511 SW 10th Avenue",
      "postalCode": "97205",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.1
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-01-19",
        "note": "Operating colocation facility; Digital Fortress acquired Atmosera's Portland-area colocation business (three facilities in downtown Portland and Beaverton, 100+ customers) on 2021-01-19.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/portland-interconnected-data-centers/",
        "label": "Portland Interconnected Data Centers — Digital Fortress (PTL, PTL2, PTL3 addresses)",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/digital-fortress-acquires-three-datacenter-facilities-in-portland-oregon/",
        "label": "Digital Fortress Acquires Three Datacenter Facilities in Portland, Oregon (press release, 2021-01-19)",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/digital-fortress-portland",
        "label": "Digital Fortress: Portland Data Center — Baxtel (511 SW 10th Ave; 10,700 sq ft; 2.1 MW)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Downtown Portland carrier-neutral colocation site adjacent to the Pittock Block, 10,700 sq ft with 6,700 sq ft of white space and 2.1 MW capacity (Baxtel); NWAX member. Coordinates are the OSM address point for 511 SW 10th Ave (multi-tenant building).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-fortress-ptl2-beaverton-or",
    "name": "Digital Fortress PTL2 (Beaverton)",
    "operator": "Digital Fortress",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.47633,
      "lon": -122.77615,
      "city": "Beaverton",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "9705 SW Sunshine Court",
      "postalCode": "97005",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-01-19",
        "note": "Operating colocation facility; one of the Beaverton sites Digital Fortress acquired from Atmosera on 2021-01-19.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/portland-interconnected-data-centers/",
        "label": "Portland Interconnected Data Centers — Digital Fortress (PTL2: 9705 SW Sunshine Ct)",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/digital-fortress-acquires-three-datacenter-facilities-in-portland-oregon/",
        "label": "Digital Fortress Acquires Three Datacenter Facilities in Portland, Oregon (press release, 2021-01-19)",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Suburban colocation site in the Quad 217 Corporate Center, Beaverton; operator describes it as 15 minutes from downtown Portland in a low to low-mid seismic risk area and an NWAX member. Capacity not published. Coordinates are the OSM building footprint for 9705 SW Sunshine Ct.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-fortress-ptl3-beaverton-or",
    "name": "Digital Fortress PTL3 (Beaverton)",
    "operator": "Digital Fortress",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.47556,
      "lon": -122.77617,
      "city": "Beaverton",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "9610 SW Sunshine Court",
      "postalCode": "97005",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-01-19",
        "note": "Operating colocation facility; one of the Beaverton sites Digital Fortress acquired from Atmosera on 2021-01-19.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/portland-interconnected-data-centers/",
        "label": "Portland Interconnected Data Centers — Digital Fortress (PTL3: 9610 SW Sunshine Ct)",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://digital-fortress.com/digital-fortress-acquires-three-datacenter-facilities-in-portland-oregon/",
        "label": "Digital Fortress Acquires Three Datacenter Facilities in Portland, Oregon (press release, 2021-01-19)",
        "publisher": "Digital Fortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Second Beaverton colocation site in the Quad 217 Corporate Center, across the street from PTL2; operator lists it as DEEP Gold certified and outside airport flight patterns. Capacity not published. Coordinates are the OSM building footprint for 9610 SW Sunshine Ct.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-727-s-grand-ave-la-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty 727 S. Grand Avenue (DTLA)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.046823,
      "lon": -118.257149,
      "city": "Los Angeles",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "727 S. Grand Avenue",
      "postalCode": "90017",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-05-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-05-24",
        "note": "Initial Site Development Plan / Development Agreement filing (applicant of record: GIP 7th Street LLC) for a 13-story, approximately 485,892 sq ft data center replacing a 1960s-era parking structure.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/colocation/article/33005622/digital-realty-plans-13-story-data-center-in-downtown-los-angeles",
        "label": "Digital Realty Plans 13-Story Data Center in Downtown Los Angeles",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://la.urbanize.city/post/dtla-data-center-727-s-grand-ave-track-start-work-2025",
        "label": "DTLA data center at 727 S. Grand Ave. on track to start work in 2025",
        "publisher": "Urbanize LA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://la.urbanize.city/post/heres-updated-look-big-data-center-727-s-grand-ave-dtla",
        "label": "Here's the updated look for the big data center at 727 S. Grand Ave.",
        "publisher": "Urbanize LA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/los-angeles/news/data-center/727-grand-avenue-downtown-los-angeles-digital-realty-data-center-127124",
        "label": "Digital Realty To Add New Data Center To Downtown LA Block",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://downtownla.com/building/727-s-grand-data-center",
        "label": "727 S. Grand (Data Center) project tracker",
        "publisher": "Downtown LA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/digital-realty/727-south-grand-avenue/lax13",
        "label": "Digital Realty LAX13 - 727 South Grand Avenue",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://therealdeal.com/la/2025/11/07/digital-realty-buys-site-for-data-center-in-la-suburb-vernon/",
        "label": "Digital Realty drops $9M per acre on Vernon data center site (confirms 727 Grand Ave. status as 'unclear' as of Nov 2025)",
        "publisher": "The Real Deal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "13-story, approximately 485,892-486,000 gross sq ft tower (roughly 230,000 sq ft technical/server space per Bisnow) replacing a 1960s-era parking structure at 727-737 S. Grand Ave; architect OfficeUntitled. No city entitlements confirmed as of the most recent dated reporting - only an initial environmental study has been completed. A Nov 2025 trade-press report describes the project's status as 'unclear.' Industry-tracked as 'LAX13' (datacenterHawk); across the street from Digital Realty's untracked LAX10 (600 W. 7th St.) and near One Wilshire (624 S. Grand Ave); distinct from the already-tracked digital-realty-lax12-ca (El Segundo). No AI/HPC-specific marketing found anywhere - demand is framed as general entertainment/gaming and colocation. Correction: a widely-repeated '32MW, land acquired Nov 2025' claim associated with this address actually belongs to a separate, unrelated Digital Realty transaction at 4400 Pacific Blvd, Vernon, CA (5.4 acres, $48.8M, 32MW) - do not conflate; the Vernon site is not tracked in this dataset. Coordinates are an approximate street-level geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-8100-boone-boulevard-former-dupont-fabros-va3-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty 8100 Boone Boulevard (former DuPont Fabros VA3)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9137236,
      "lon": -77.2258825,
      "city": "Vienna",
      "county": "Fairfax",
      "street": "8100 Boone Boulevard",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/8100-boone-digital-realty",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile (small legacy DLR site, not on current DLR NoVA directory page)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/7985753364",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/7985753364",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Small legacy colo (~10,935 sqft), acquired from DuPont Fabros in Sept 2017; commissioned, no further expansion planned. Not listed on the current digitalrealty.com NoVA directory table but confirmed operational via third-party trackers. Distinct site (Vienna) from VA3-Reston (780 Business Center Dr).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-acc10-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty ACC10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0126563,
      "lon": -77.4656035,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21744 Sir Timothy Drive",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/21744-sir-timothy-drive-acc10",
        "label": "Baxtel facility page — ACC10, 21744 Sir Timothy Drive, former DuPont Fabros expansion completed 2018",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/701923204",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/701923204",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-acc3-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty ACC3",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.01988,
      "lon": -77.4598033,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44520 Hastings Drive",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36.4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/44520-hastings-acc3-digital-realty",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile (not on current digitalrealty.com NoVA directory table, corroborated by DCD/Data Center Frontier",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/298242335",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/298242335",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "44520 Hastings, Ashburn VA, part of the legacy DuPont Fabros Ashburn campus acquired by DLR in Sept 2017. 36.4MW critical power capacity. Capacity removed 2026-08-08: the 36.4 MW figure rested solely on a Baxtel listing (an aggregator this project does not treat as a citation). Digital Realty has no ACC3 page — archive.org holds no snapshot of that URL at all — and no other citable source was found.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-acc9-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty ACC9",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0154331,
      "lon": -77.4673732,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21745 Sir Timothy Drive",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/21745-sir-timothy-acc9-digital-realty",
        "label": "Baxtel facility page — ACC9, 21745 Sir Timothy Drive, part of former DuPont Fabros Ashburn campus (acquired by Digital R",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/649365764",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/649365764",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-atl11-ga",
    "name": "Digital Realty ATL11",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7465605,
      "lon": -84.5797407,
      "city": "Austell",
      "county": "Cobb",
      "street": "101 Aquila Way",
      "postalCode": "30122",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/atlanta/atl11",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/975064000",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/975064000",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "101 Aquila Way, Austell GA 30168, confirmed via official DLR page + datacenterHawk/UPSTACK corroboration.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-atlanta-atl13-ga",
    "name": "Digital Realty Atlanta ATL13",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7555186,
      "lon": -84.3914814,
      "city": "Atlanta",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "street": "56 Marietta Street",
      "postalCode": "30303",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/atlanta/atl13",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/8109664813",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/8109664813",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 56 Marietta Street, Atlanta, GA 30303; confirmed operational on operator's own site.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-aurora-ai-factory-manassas-va",
    "name": "Aurora AI Factory",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7509,
      "lon": -77.4753,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 96
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-30",
        "note": "DCD reported the 96MW Aurora data center as under construction, being built by Digital Realty and slated for operations in the first half of 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260215011608/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nvidia-to-deploy-emerald-ais-orchestration-software-at-96mw-aurora-data-center-in-manassas-virginia/",
        "label": "Nvidia to deploy Emerald AI's orchestration software at 96MW Aurora data center in Manassas, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Nvidia's 'Aurora AI factory', built by Digital Realty on an existing Digital Realty site near Nokesville Road and Prince William Parkway. Billed as the first facility built to a new industry certification for flexible power, developed by Nvidia with Emerald AI, EPRI and grid operator PJM, and deploying Emerald AI's Emerald Conductor software to shift AI workloads in response to grid conditions. Operator is recorded as Digital Realty (owner/builder); Nvidia is the named tenant. Status is held at under_construction because no source consulted confirms it has entered service, only that operations were 'slated for' the first half of 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Designed as a 'power-flexible' grid-connected facility rather than one relying on on-site generation; Emerald AI advisor Tyler Norris framed this explicitly as an alternative to on-site generation or storage."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-aus11-tx",
    "name": "Digital Realty AUS11",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.212156,
      "lon": -97.6957555,
      "city": "Austin",
      "county": "Travis",
      "street": "7500 Metro Center Drive",
      "postalCode": "78744",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/austin/aus11",
        "label": "Digital Realty facility directory",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/379204279",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/379204279",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via operator's own facility page: AUS11, 7500 Metro Center Drive, Austin, TX 78744, operational.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-ch2-il",
    "name": "Digital Realty CH2",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9945332,
      "lon": -87.9577513,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2299 Busse Road",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ch2",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/713433204",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/713433204",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via official page: 2299 Busse Road, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007. Distinct from Lambda/EdgeConneX AI Factory nearest-tracked (30km away, different operator).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-charlotte-nc",
    "name": "Digital Realty Moores Chapel Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2422,
      "lon": -80.9562,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "street": "12899 Moores Chapel Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Digital Moores Chapel LLC (Digital Realty subsidiary) filed rezoning request for 156 acres at 12899 Moores Chapel Road"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "Charlotte City Council approved rezoning 7-4; trees cleared but construction start not publicly confirmed",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/digital-realty-files-to-develop-400mw-data-center-campus-in-charlotte-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Digital Realty files to develop 400MW data center campus in Charlotte, North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/charlotte-considers-rezoning-for-biggest-data-center-in-n-c",
        "label": "Charlotte Considers Rezoning for Biggest Data Center in N.C. — Government Technology",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://qcnerve.com/charlotte-data-centers/",
        "label": "Pushback Grows as Data Centers Proliferate in Charlotte Metro — Queen City Nerve",
        "publisher": "Queen City Nerve",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edpnc.com/incentives/data-centers-sales-use-tax-exemptions/",
        "label": "Data Centers Sales & Use Tax Exemptions — EDPNC",
        "publisher": "Economic Development Partnership of North Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "12899 Moores Chapel Road, 12 miles west of downtown Charlotte. Two two-story buildings totaling 3 million sq ft across two phases. Site acquired November 2024 for $160 million. If built, would be largest data center in North Carolina. Mecklenburg County Park and Recreation to receive greenway on site. Coordinates are approximate Moores Chapel Road area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Carolinas",
      "notes": "Duke Energy Carolinas is the regional grid utility; the site sits near Duke's Sherwood H. Smith generation complex. No facility-specific interconnection filing was located."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "No cooling type or water volume is disclosed. City Council members raised water-quality concerns at the May 2025 rezoning hearing given proximity to the Catawba River; Charlotte Water is the likely provider."
    },
    "landAcres": 156,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Charlotte City Council approved the rezoning 7–4 in May 2025 over environmental and neighborhood objections (an earlier rezoning of the same parcel drew a ~1,300-signature petition), and metro-wide data-center pushback is intensifying — a comparable Matthews project was withdrawn in Oct 2025 after opposition. The site would likely qualify for North Carolina's statewide data-center sales-and-use tax exemption (which requires $75M+ investment), but no Secretary of Commerce determination for it is in the public record.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-chicago-ch1-il",
    "name": "Digital Realty Chicago CH1",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9942413,
      "lon": -87.961935,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2200 Busse Road",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ch1",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/128499684",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/128499684",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 2200 Busse Road, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007; confirmed operational.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-clifton-campus-nj",
    "name": "Digital Realty Clifton Campus",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.862137,
      "lon": -74.160393,
      "city": "Clifton",
      "county": "Passaic",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york/ewr20",
        "label": "Digital Realty New Jersey EWR20",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york/ewr21",
        "label": "Digital Realty New Jersey EWR21",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york",
        "label": "Digital Realty — New York metro data centers",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Two Digital Realty buildings in Clifton, NJ, both confirmed via the operator's own site pages: EWR20 at 100 Delawanna Avenue (183,000 sq ft, 7 stories, N+1 power/cooling, operator states it is 100% renewable-energy powered) and EWR21 at 2 Peekay Drive (215,000 sq ft, 3 stories, N+1 UPS, onsite substation with 2N utility redundancy, LEED Platinum, ~37 miles from Manhattan). Represented as a single record (precision representative_multi_site) because neither operator page gave a distinguishable parcel-level geocode for the two buildings and no independent source was fetched to separate them; location used is Clifton's town center. Both buildings carry SOC2/SOC3/PCI-DSS/ISO 9001/ISO 14001/ISO 27001 certification per the operator.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-cornelius-pass-cornell-hillsboro-or",
    "name": "Digital Realty 'Corny' Data Center (Cornelius Pass Rd & NE Cornell Rd, Hillsboro)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.53957,
      "lon": -122.90018,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-21",
        "note": "'Corny Data Center' application filed with the City of Hillsboro on 2026-07-21 for a new data center on nearly 29 acres with a 10% height adjustment request; it predates the 2026-07-27 moratorium and continues through review.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboronewstimes.com/2026/08/08/data-center-proposals-filed-days-hours-before-hillsboro-moratorium-approved/",
        "label": "Data center proposals filed days, hours before Hillsboro moratorium approved — Hillsboro News-Times (2026-08-08)",
        "publisher": "Hillsboro News-Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/next-wave-7-hillsboro-data-center-projects-march-ahead-as-humans-fight-it-out/",
        "label": "Next Wave: 7 Hillsboro data center projects march ahead — The Hillsboro Herald (2026-08-13)",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/hillsboros-latest-data-center-now-in-permitting-is-across-from-liberty-high-and-near-rock-creek-homes/",
        "label": "Hillsboro's latest data center now in permitting — The Hillsboro Herald (2026-08-11)",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/the-real-story-data-centers-are-encroaching-on-hillsboros-schools-and-we-are-out-of-time/",
        "label": "The Real Story: data centers are encroaching on Hillsboro's schools — The Hillsboro Herald",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "The News-Times reports the 'Corny Data Center' application (nearly 29 acres, filed 2026-07-21) without naming the applicant; The Hillsboro Herald identifies the corner of Cornelius Pass Road and NE Cornell Road as a recently purchased open farmed parcel held by a Digital Realty entity, with an application for two buildings 'from the same group' as the Wagon Data Center. Operator attribution therefore rests on the Herald's reporting. Coordinates are the Cornelius Pass / Cornell intersection (OSM node 38738445); the exact parcel has not been published. Power capacity not published.",
    "landAcres": 29,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad38-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD38",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0010841,
      "lon": -77.4772014,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44100 Digital Loudoun Plaza",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/northern-virginia",
        "label": "Digital Realty official Northern Virginia directory — IAD38, 44100 Digital Loudoun Plaza (Bldg J)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/597970813",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/597970813",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad41-building-p-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD41 (Building P)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0088059,
      "lon": -77.4582358,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44751 Round Table Plaza",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://marketplace.upstack.com/data-centers/digital-realty-ashburn-iad41",
        "label": "UPSTACK marketplace facility page — IAD41, 44751 Round Table Plaza (Building P), Ashburn VA",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/793087858",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/793087858",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad42-building-r-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD42 (Building R)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0056891,
      "lon": -77.4494637,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "22125 Broderick Drive",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://marketplace.upstack.com/data-centers/digital-realty-ashburn-iad42",
        "label": "UPSTACK marketplace facility page — IAD42, 22124 Broderick Drive (Building R)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1025002889",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1025002889",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad43-building-s-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD43 (Building S)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0018258,
      "lon": -77.4527034,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44820 Prentice Drive",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/digital-realty-iad43",
        "label": "Baxtel facility page — IAD43 (Building S)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1344901569",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1344901569",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad44-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD44",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9608537,
      "lon": -77.4913983,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "43704 Efficiency Drive",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/northern-virginia/iad44",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1317733642",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1317733642",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "43704 Efficiency Drive, Sterling VA 20166. Distinct from Google Arcola (different operator, 3.5km away).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad55-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD55",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9921932,
      "lon": -77.4339218,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "22515 Fitness Court",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/digital-realty-iad43",
        "label": "Baxtel/marketplace listings confirming IAD55 as an active Digital Realty Ashburn/Sterling-area building code",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1276518687",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1276518687",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-iad73-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty IAD73",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0066187,
      "lon": -77.4664074,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44540 Round Table Plaza",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/44540-round-table-plaza-ashburn/digital-realty/datacenter/iad73",
        "label": "Inflect marketplace facility page — IAD73, 44540 Round Table Plaza, Ashburn VA",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/701923202",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/701923202",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-jfk10-manhattan-ny",
    "name": "Digital Realty JFK10 (111 Eighth Avenue)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.741369,
      "lon": -74.003206,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Con Edison",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Digital Realty, Oxford Quantum Circuits, and NVIDIA launched what they describe as New York's first Quantum-AI data centre inside JFK10, combining NVIDIA GH200 Grace Hopper Superchips with OQC's GENESIS quantum computer (16 logical qubits, dilution refrigerator below 7mK).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york/jfk10",
        "label": "Digital Realty JFK10 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oqc.tech/company/newsroom/oqc-quantum-ai-data-centre",
        "label": "OQC, Digital Realty and NVIDIA launch Quantum-AI data centre in New York",
        "publisher": "Oxford Quantum Circuits",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/oqc-and-digital-realty-team-with-nvidia-to-launch-new-york-quantum-ai-data-center/",
        "label": "OQC and Digital Realty Team with NVIDIA to Launch New York Quantum-AI Data Center",
        "publisher": "HPCwire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services5.arcgis.com/GfwWNkhOj9bNBqoJ/arcgis/rest/services/MAPPLUTO/FeatureServer/0/query?where=BBL%3D1007390001&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "New York County parcel/GIS record (parcel BBL 1007390001 (Block 739, Lot 1))",
        "publisher": "New York County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "111 Eighth Avenue (the historic 1932 Union Inland Terminal #1 / \"Google Building\"), Chelsea, Manhattan — Google owns the building; Digital Realty operates JFK10 as a colocation tenant. 111,000 sq ft (Digital Realty's own figure). A third-party estimate of ~18MW capacity is not confirmed by the operator and is omitted. Major carrier hotel with DE-CIX New York and MegaIX New York peering. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the building, not a confirmed parcel pin.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Con Edison"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-lax12-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty LAX12",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9156593,
      "lon": -118.3846186,
      "city": "El Segundo",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "2260 East El Segundo Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "90245",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/los-angeles/lax12",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (LAX12, 2260 E El Segundo Blvd)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/424945852",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/424945852",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "132,000 sqft building, 18MW total power, Tier 3. Capacity removed 2026-08-08: the record carried 18 MW cited to the Digital Realty LAX12 page, but that page publishes no MW figure — and archived snapshots from 2023-06 and 2025-10 show it never did. The figure was mis-cited; no citable replacement was found.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Southern California Edison (SCE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-mia10-fl",
    "name": "Digital Realty MIA10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.7758419,
      "lon": -80.1929625,
      "city": "Miami",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "36 NE 2nd Street",
      "postalCode": "33132",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/miami/mia10",
        "label": "Digital Realty MIA10",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/miami",
        "label": "Digital Realty Miami",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.databank.com/data-centers/miami/36-northeast-2nd-street/",
        "label": "DataBank Miami (36 NE 2nd Street)",
        "publisher": "DataBank",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation building in downtown Miami; 150,000 sq ft across 7 stories per the operator's own current listing (some aggregators cite an older 162,000 sq ft figure). No MW capacity disclosed by the operator; third-party aggregators report conflicting, unconfirmed figures (roughly 1.3-2.0 MW). Digital Realty brands the full building as MIA10, though other colo resellers (including DataBank) also operate space within it. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found for this facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-new-york-ewr10-nj",
    "name": "Digital Realty New York EWR10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7618178,
      "lon": -74.0250281,
      "city": "Weehawken",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "300 John F. Kennedy Boulevard East",
      "postalCode": "07086",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://marketplace.upstack.com/data-centers/digital-realty-data-center-new-jersey",
        "label": "UPSTACK Marketplace listing for Digital Realty EWR10, 300 JFK Blvd E, Weehawken NJ (corroborated by Inflect, RebootMonke",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/279410766",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/279410766",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "The provided digitalrealty.com/.../ewr10 URL did not display EWR10 in the current NY/NJ facility list when fetched (page may have been restructured); real and current per multiple independent industry directories, so keeping with a corroborating source rather than the operator page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-new-york-ewr11-nj",
    "name": "Digital Realty New York EWR11",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5537931,
      "lon": -74.4571024,
      "city": "Piscataway Township",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "3 Corporate Place",
      "postalCode": "08854",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york/ewr11",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/204460950",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/204460950",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 3 Corporate Place, Piscataway Township, NJ 08854.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-new-york-ewr12-nj",
    "name": "Digital Realty New York EWR12",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5529283,
      "lon": -74.4592038,
      "city": "Piscataway Township",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "365 South Randolphville Road",
      "postalCode": "08854",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/new-york/ewr12",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/204460903",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/204460903",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 365 S. Randolphville Road, Piscataway Township, NJ 08854; part of Digital Piscataway campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-northern-virginia-acc4-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty Northern Virginia ACC4",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0178592,
      "lon": -77.4624708,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44480 Hastings Drive",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/northern-virginia/acc4",
        "label": "Digital Realty official Northern Virginia facilities page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/298126010",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/298126010",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 480 Hastings Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-northern-virginia-acc5-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty Northern Virginia ACC5",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0201584,
      "lon": -77.4631033,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44521 Hastings Drive",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/northern-virginia/acc5",
        "label": "Digital Realty official Northern Virginia facilities page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/300162674",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/300162674",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 44521 Hastings Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147 — distinct from ACC4 (480 Hastings Dr).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-northern-virginia-iad14-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty Northern Virginia IAD14",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0033364,
      "lon": -77.4870935,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "43791 Devin Shafron Drive",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/northern-virginia/iad14",
        "label": "Digital Realty official Northern Virginia facilities page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/300969614",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/300969614",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 43791 Devin Shafron Drive (Bldg D), Ashburn, VA 20147.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-oak10-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty OAK10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.7992148,
      "lon": -122.2829762,
      "city": "Oakland",
      "county": "Alameda",
      "street": "720 2nd Street",
      "postalCode": "94607",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/oak10",
        "label": "OAK10 Data Center facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/377378597",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/377378597",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/digital-realty/720-2nd-street/oak10",
        "label": "DataCenterHawk OAK10 marketplace listing",
        "publisher": "DataCenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Established 2007-built, 4-story, 122,000 sq ft (121,220 sq ft raised floor) carrier-neutral colocation facility (15+ ISPs), N+1 UPS redundancy (seven 2MW Hitec Continuous Power Systems units), LEED Gold. No whole-facility MW figure is publicly disclosed by the operator; aggregator listings (datacenters.com, cloudandcolocation.com) repeat a derived \"14.0 MW\" figure (the 7x2MW UPS units summed) that is not an independent primary disclosure - omitted here per this dataset's disclosed-only convention. Coordinates are an OSM building centroid (way/377378597), not parcel-confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "renewablePercent": 100,
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-ord10-il",
    "name": "Digital Realty ORD10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8533507,
      "lon": -87.6183067,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "350 East Cermak Road",
      "postalCode": "60616",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ord10",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/10910879064",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/10910879064",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "350 East Cermak Road, Chicago IL. Distinct site from ORD11 (600 S Federal St).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-ord11-il",
    "name": "Digital Realty ORD11",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8743036,
      "lon": -87.6299404,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "600 South Federal Street",
      "postalCode": "60605",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ord11",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/149379943",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/149379943",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "600 South Federal Street, Chicago IL. Distinct site from ORD10 (350 E Cermak Rd), ~0.4km apart but separate buildings.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-ord12-franklin-park-il",
    "name": "Digital Realty ORD12",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9283705,
      "lon": -87.8592552,
      "city": "Franklin Park",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "9333 Grand Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60131",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Marketed as an active facility on Digital Realty's own site page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ord12",
        "label": "Digital Realty ORD12 — 9333 Grand Avenue, Franklin Park",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "110,000 sq ft single-storey building on Digital Realty's 40-acre master-planned Franklin Park campus. Distinct from the four tracked Digital Realty IL records, which are in Elk Grove Village (CH1, CH2) and Chicago (ORD10 at 350 E Cermak, ORD11 at 600 S Federal) — none in Franklin Park. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-pdx10-or",
    "name": "Digital Realty PDX10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5476034,
      "lon": -122.891975,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "3825 NW Aloclek Street",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/portland/pdx10",
        "label": "Digital Realty PDX10 data center page (address, 48,000 ft², LEED Gold)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "48,000 ft² (4,450 m²) operating colocation facility in Hillsboro, LEED Gold certified, with N+1 cooling and 2N UPS options. Digital Realty publishes no IT-load figure for this building. Compute Atlas already tracks Digital Realty PDX11 and PDX12; PDX10 is a separate, separately-addressed building.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-pdx11-or",
    "name": "Digital Realty PDX11",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5679542,
      "lon": -122.9167725,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "6676 Northeast 62nd Avenue",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.usgbc.org/projects/digital-realty-hillsboro-or-1pdx-11",
        "label": "USGBC project record + operator Portland directory page — PDX11, 6675 NE 62nd Ave, Hillsboro, LEED-Silver",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/734323663",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/734323663",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-pdx12-or",
    "name": "Digital Realty PDX12",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.56952,
      "lon": -122.91865,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/portland/pdx12",
        "label": "Digital Realty PDX12 Data Center — 5870 NE Schaaf Street, Hillsboro, OR 97124; 546,000 ft² (50,750 m²); active colocation facility",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-phx-tempe-az",
    "name": "Digital Realty PHX (Tempe)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3446197,
      "lon": -111.8992189,
      "city": "Tempe",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "2055 East Technology Circle",
      "postalCode": "85284",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 33.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/phoenix",
        "label": "Digital Realty Phoenix metro directory page (facility code PHX, physically in Tempe)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/220518160",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/220518160",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "2055 E Technology Circle, Tempe AZ 85284 (former Arizona Republic printing plant, converted 2001; 33.8MW). Marketed under DLR's Phoenix metro directory.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-phx15-az",
    "name": "Digital Realty PHX15",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2749228,
      "lon": -111.8866379,
      "city": "Chandler",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "2121 South Price Road",
      "postalCode": "85286",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/phoenix/phx15",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (PHX15, 2121 S Price Road, Chandler)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/300952513",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/300952513",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Directory confirms address 2121 S Price Road, Chandler AZ; site supports high-density AI/HPC deployments per operator page.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-sc1-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty SC1",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3616469,
      "lon": -121.9439784,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2220 De La Cruz Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95050",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sc1",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (SC1, 2220 De La Cruz Blvd, Santa Clara)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/358455179",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/358455179",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/santa-clara-sc-1-data-center",
        "label": "Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center, Phase 2 (11-SPPE-01), 555 Reed Street",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=555%20Reed%20Street%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 555 Reed Street, Santa Clara, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Acquired from DuPont Fabros in 2017; 360,000 sqft, 176,200 sqft raised floor.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 72,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 11-SPPE-01 (granted 2012-03-28) for Phase 2 added 16 backup generators to bring the site to 32 units and 72 MW of backup generation at completion. Applicant of record was Xeres Ventures, LLC, a DuPont Fabros Technologies subsidiary, before the portfolio passed to Digital Realty."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-sea1-intergate-seattle-east-bldg-4-wa",
    "name": "Digital Realty SEA1 (Intergate Seattle-East, Bldg 4)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4934032,
      "lon": -122.2888803,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "3433 South 120th Place",
      "postalCode": "98168",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/seattle",
        "label": "Digital Realty Seattle metro directory page + datacenterHawk facility profile",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/293211687",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/293211687",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3433 S 120th Place, Tukwila WA 98168, on the Intergate Seattle-East campus in partnership with Sabey Data Centers.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Seattle City Light"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-sfo10-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty SFO10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.7236272,
      "lon": -122.3979543,
      "city": "San Francisco",
      "county": "San Francisco",
      "street": "200 Paul Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sfo10",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/289620443",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/289620443",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "200 Paul Avenue, San Francisco CA. Distinct and unrelated to the divested 360 Spear Street site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-sfo12-365-main-street-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty SFO12 (365 Main Street)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.788731,
      "lon": -122.390469,
      "city": "San Francisco",
      "county": "San Francisco",
      "street": "365 Main Street",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sfo12",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (SFO12, 365 Main Street)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460085343",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/460085343",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Acquired 2010 as part of 365 Main portfolio ($725M); former AboveNet-built military tank assembly plant, seismic-hardened.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-silicon-valley-sjc10-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC10",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.375822,
      "lon": -121.9533359,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1100 Space Park Drive",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc10",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page (verified via WebFetch)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209073641",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209073641",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 1100 Space Park Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95054; distinct address from other SJC candidates.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-silicon-valley-sjc11-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC11",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3763668,
      "lon": -121.9485649,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "3011 Lafayette Street",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc11",
        "label": "Digital Realty facility page; corroborated by search results",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209076412",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209076412",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 3011 Lafayette Street, Santa Clara, CA — distinct from SJC31 (2805 Lafayette St).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-silicon-valley-sjc16-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC16",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3749324,
      "lon": -121.9559987,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1525 Comstock Street",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc16",
        "label": "Digital Realty facility page; corroborated by search results",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209073653",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209073653",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 1525 Comstock Street, Santa Clara, CA — distinct address from SJC15/SJC29.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-silicon-valley-sjc30-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC30",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3782874,
      "lon": -121.9581107,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "3105 Alfred Street",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc30",
        "label": "Digital Realty facility page; corroborated by datacenterhawk/UPSTACK listings",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209073647",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209073647",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 3105 Alfred Street, Santa Clara, CA — distinct from all other SJC addresses in this batch.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-silicon-valley-sjc31-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC31",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3722213,
      "lon": -121.9482625,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2805 Lafayette Street",
      "postalCode": "95050",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc31",
        "label": "Digital Realty facility page; corroborated by search results",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209087373",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209087373",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 2805 Lafayette Street, Santa Clara, CA — distinct from SJC11 (3011 Lafayette St).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-sjc34-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty SJC34",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3724077,
      "lon": -121.973647,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2820 Northwestern Parkway",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc34",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/38305431",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/38305431",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "2820 Northwestern Parkway, Santa Clara CA 95051. Distinct site from SJC37 (641 Walsh Ave).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-sjc37-santa-clara-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty SJC37 (641 Walsh Avenue)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3709854,
      "lon": -121.9472165,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "641 Walsh Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95050",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Operator lists SJC37 as an active Silicon Valley facility offering deployments from single cabinets to multi-megawatt installations.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/silicon-valley/sjc37",
        "label": "SJC37 Data Center | 641 Walsh Ave | Digital Realty",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=641%20Walsh%20Avenue%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 641 Walsh Avenue, Santa Clara, CA — returns the named feature \"Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC37\"",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Four-story, 399,500 sq ft building. OpenStreetMap independently names the feature at this address \"Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC37\". This is the site permitted as the Walsh Data Center under CEC docket 19-SPPE-02 (651 Walsh Avenue, 32 × 3 MW backup generators); the 651/641 address difference is not resolved by a fetched source, so no capacity is asserted here.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-somerset-650-randolph-road-nj",
    "name": "Digital Realty Somerset (650 Randolph Road)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5375265,
      "lon": -74.5555236,
      "city": "Franklin Township (Somerset)",
      "county": "Somerset",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-site-selection/wholesale-data-centers-thrive-in-central-nj",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge — 650 Randolph Road, Somerset section of Franklin Township, NJ",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460182337",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/460182337",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Reputable trade-press corroboration (Digital Realty POD Architecture facility); no direct operator directory page found for this specific building, exact facility code not resolved.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-va3-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty VA3",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9484941,
      "lon": -77.3273071,
      "city": "Reston",
      "county": "Fairfax",
      "street": "1780 Business Center Drive",
      "postalCode": "20190",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/northern-virginia/va3",
        "label": "Digital Realty official facility page",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/79158387",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/79158387",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/26115/638639803959100000",
        "label": "Virginia DEQ air permit 73162-3 (issued 2010-03-05)",
        "publisher": "Virginia DEQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "780/1780 Business Center Drive, Reston VA 20190. Listed on official NoVA directory table.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-va4-va",
    "name": "Digital Realty VA4",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7780614,
      "lon": -77.594905,
      "city": "Bristow",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "street": "8217 Linton Hall Road",
      "postalCode": "20136",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/digital-realty/8217-linton-hall-road/va4",
        "label": "datacenterHawk facility profile (not on current DLR NoVA directory page, corroborated by UPSTACK/datacentermap)",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/46831933",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/46831933",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/26117/638639805143900000",
        "label": "Virginia DEQ air permit 73180-4 (issued 2008-08-07)",
        "publisher": "Virginia DEQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "8217 Linton Hall Rd, Bristow VA. Fully leased/operational per multiple third-party trackers; not shown on current digitalrealty.com NoVA table (older/smaller facility).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digital-realty-vernon-ca",
    "name": "Digital Realty Vernon Data Center",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.99951,
      "lon": -118.2252615,
      "city": "Vernon",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "4400 Pacific Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "90058",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 32
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/los-angeles/news/data-center-development/digital-realty-buys-vernon-data-center-site-49m-131715",
        "label": "Digital Realty buys Vernon data center site for $49M",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.klabin.com/news/the-klabin-company-represents-digital-realty-in-488-million-land-acquisition-in-vernon",
        "label": "The Klabin Company represents Digital Realty in $48.8 million land acquisition in Vernon",
        "publisher": "The Klabin Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/digital-realty-reports-third-quarter-2025-results-302593261.html",
        "label": "Digital Realty reports third quarter 2025 results",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty / PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/california/1886/digital-realty-vernon-data-center",
        "label": "Digital Realty Vernon Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Raw industrial land (5.4 acres, with an existing 1925-era ~235,000-253,200 sq ft building to be redeveloped) purchased for $48.8M, closing November 4, 2025, from Pacific Santa Fe Industrial, LLC; Digital Realty's own Q3 2025 earnings release confirms ~5 acres/~$49M/32MW IT capacity for a Los Angeles-metro site. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found - this is undeveloped land with no announced tenant. Distinct from the already-tracked databank-vernon-la-ca (DataBank/Goodman Group JV) and from Prime Data Centers' operational LAX01 (4701 South Santa Fe Avenue) - trade coverage describing a Prime facility under construction 'across the street' likely refers to a Prime expansion phase near its original campus rather than the original LAX01 building itself. One of at least three independent Vernon data-center developments drawn by Vernon Public Utilities' below-market industrial power rates. Coordinates are an approximate street-level geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Vernon Public Utilities"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 48800000,
    "landAcres": 5.4,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "digitalrealty-bos14-needham-ma",
    "name": "Digital Realty BOS14",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.30177,
      "lon": -71.22184,
      "city": "Needham",
      "county": "Norfolk",
      "street": "128 First Avenue",
      "postalCode": "02494",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/boston",
        "label": "Boston Data Center & Colocation | Digital Realty",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/boston/bos14",
        "label": "BOS14 Data Center | 128 First Avenue | Digital Realty",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/2251",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Digital Realty BOS14 - Boston, 128 First Avenue, Needham MA 02494",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Three-story, 281,000 sq ft building (280,000 sq ft leasable), described by the operator as N+1 and \"hyperconnected to FinTech and Tech enterprises.\" On-site cloud on-ramps are listed for AWS, Google Cloud, Azure, IBM Cloud, Oracle, HPE GreenLake and NVIDIA — these are marketed as network/cloud connectivity partners, not a confirmed on-site AI/GPU compute deployment, so aiClassification is left unset per the contract's guidance for colo sites. No MW figure was stated on either fetched page, so capacityMw is omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "diode-ventures-gemstone-kuna-id",
    "name": "Gemstone Technology Park",
    "operator": "Diode Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.44545,
      "lon": -116.37335,
      "city": "Kuna",
      "county": "Ada",
      "street": "3250 S Locust Grove Rd",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Kuna City Council approved rezoning the 620-acre site from agricultural to M-1 light industrial in a 3-2 vote.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/another-data-center-in-kuna-city-council-approves-new-facility/article_f419d684-3934-446a-a910-c06ec0753473.html",
        "label": "Another data center in Kuna? City council approves new facility",
        "publisher": "Idaho Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.diodeventures.com/projects/kuna-idaho-usa",
        "label": "Kuna, Idaho, USA – Gemstone Technology Park",
        "publisher": "Diode Ventures",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/761896168",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/761896168 — 3250, South Locust Grove Road, Kuna",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Diode Ventures (a Black & Veatch subsidiary) states on its own project page that the project 'will require more than $1 billion in private investment'; recorded here as the stated investment floor, not a confirmed total. No MW capacity was disclosed in either source fetched. Diode Ventures describes the project as 'early development' with up to five buildings planned. Distinct from the existing Meta Kuna Data Center (14375 S Cole Rd) already in this dataset. Coordinates set 2026-09-12 from the OpenStreetMap building POI at 3250 S Locust Grove Road. The US Census geocoder returns a point 1.6 km north for the same address; both agree on street and ZIP, and a mapped building beats an address-range interpolation, but for a 620-acre campus treat the pin as site-level regardless.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 620,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Kuna City Council approved rezoning the site from agricultural to M-1 light industrial in a 3-2 vote on 2025-04-01, with Mayor Joe Stear breaking the tie. Design review approval is still required before construction. Diode Ventures agreed to community payments including $500,000 to the Kuna School District and $10 million over 20 years to the Kuna Police Department, with a Kuna Rural Fire District agreement reported in progress.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "diversified-longhorn-pad-a-horton-township-elk-pa",
    "name": "Longhorn Pad A Wellhead Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "Diversified Production LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2816445,
      "lon": -78.7281388,
      "city": "Horton Township",
      "county": "Elk",
      "postalCode": "15823",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-10",
        "note": "Mines were powered up in October 2022 before permits were in hand; DEP issued a notice of violation for breaching state air pollution and noise law, and approved the permit in December 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://capitalandmain.com/in-rural-pennsylvania-crypto-mining-offers-a-lifeline-for-dying-gas-wells",
        "label": "In Rural Pennsylvania, Crypto Mining Offers a Lifeline for Dying Gas Wells",
        "publisher": "Capital & Main",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Diversified Production LLC (a Diversified Energy PLC subsidiary) acquired the wells in November 2020, applied to mine bitcoin in June 2022 and powered up that October before the permit was issued. A sibling site, Longhorn Pad C, drew its own violation in March 2023 with permits approved in May 2023. Horton Township adopted a bitcoin mining ordinance requiring a fully enclosed building, under 50 decibels at the property line, and local permitting. As of the June 2024 source, DEP said full-time operation had not begun because permit-required sound mitigation had not been installed - so 'operational' here reflects an operating but intermittently run site, not full-rate production. No engine count, miner count or MW rating is published. Coordinate is a township-centroid geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Natural gas from two on-pad fracking wells is funnelled directly into engines that power the mining computers."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "stranded_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dmg-blockchain-boardman-or",
    "name": "DMG Blockchain Boardman Facility",
    "operator": "DMG Blockchain Solutions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.83986,
      "lon": -119.70058,
      "city": "Boardman",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3.75
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/DMGGF/dmg-blockchain-solutions-announces-asset-purchase-to-establish-its-e8cfbong1plf.html",
        "label": "DMG Blockchain Solutions announces asset purchase to establish its first US-based data center (Nov. 4, 2025) — a 27,600 sq ft building on 8 acres of leased land in Boardman, Oregon, with an option on an adjacent 10-acre lot (18 acres total), currently connected to 3.75 MW; DMG may initially set up limited Bitcoin mining to use its power allocation, intending to grow the site into a high-performance computing (HPC) data center; letter agreement signed and deposit paid, closing subject to definitive agreements",
        "publisher": "StockTitan (DMG Blockchain Solutions news release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/DMGGF/dmg-blockchain-solutions-announces-ai-strategy-update-and-november-291zgfegqhps.html",
        "label": "DMG Blockchain Solutions AI strategy update — on the Boardman, Oregon facility acquisition, states the company 'still expects to close this transaction in the coming weeks'; the release does not state that closing has occurred",
        "publisher": "StockTitan (DMG Blockchain Solutions news release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "landAcres": 8,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "docomo-guam-harmon-gu",
    "name": "DoCoMo Guam Data Center",
    "operator": "DOCOMO PACIFIC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 13.5120114,
      "lon": 144.827566,
      "city": "Dededo",
      "street": "467 Harmon Loop Road",
      "state": "GU",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/docomo-guam",
        "label": "DoCoMo Guam Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Baxtel lists this as a 'fully operational' facility at 467 Harmon Loop Road, Guam, operated by DOCOMO PACIFIC (which acquired Guam Cablevision in 2013; itself a subsidiary of NTT DOCOMO / NTT). No square footage or power capacity disclosed in the source fetched. The Harmon area straddles the Dededo/Tamuning municipal boundary -- Nominatim's best match for 'Harmon Loop Road' resolved under Dededo Municipality, used here, but the address could reasonably also be described as Tamuning. Precision 'approximate' (street-level geocode, not a confirmed parcel). Distinct from, and about 1.07 miles from, IT&E Guam per the same source. Confidence set to 'reported' rather than 'confirmed': the site-specific address/existence claim in this record rests on a single third-party data-center directory listing, not an operator-published confirmation of that specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "docomo-saipan-susupe-mp",
    "name": "DoCoMo Pacific Susupe Data Center",
    "operator": "DOCOMO PACIFIC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 15.1568682,
      "lon": 145.7051697,
      "city": "Susupe",
      "street": "Nauru Loop",
      "state": "MP",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/nauru-loop-susupe/docomo-pacific/datacenter/guam-cablevision-llc-mcv-saipan-datacenter",
        "label": "Docomo Pacific Susupe Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://business.docomopacific.com/data-center-colocation",
        "label": "Data Center Colocation | DOCOMO PACIFIC",
        "publisher": "DOCOMO PACIFIC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Colocation facility at Nauru Loop, Susupe, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands 96950, offering 'locking cabinets and private cages'; connects via the GU IX exchange. DOCOMO PACIFIC's own colocation page (fetched) describes the brand's general service offering (99.99% uptime SLA) across its Guam/CNMI sites but does not itself break out Saipan-specific specs; site-level detail (address, services) comes from the Inflect listing. Coordinates geocoded via OSM Nominatim on 'Nauru Loop, Susupe, Saipan' (street-level match) -- precision 'approximate', not a confirmed parcel. Confidence set to 'reported' rather than 'confirmed': the site-specific address/existence claim in this record rests on a single third-party data-center directory listing, not an operator-published confirmation of that specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "doe-oak-ridge-reservation-ai-data-centers-tn",
    "name": "Oak Ridge Reservation AI Data Center Sites (DOE land lease)",
    "operator": "U.S. Department of Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9352633,
      "lon": -84.3923554,
      "city": "Oak Ridge",
      "county": "Roane",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/em/articles/us-energy-department-seeks-proposals-ai-data-centers-energy-projects-oak-ridge",
        "label": "U.S. Energy Department Seeks Proposals for AI Data Centers, Energy Projects at Oak Ridge",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fedscoop.com/energy-rfp-oak-ridge-ai-data-centers/",
        "label": "Energy seeks proposals for AI data centers at Oak Ridge",
        "publisher": "FedScoop",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "DOE's Offices of Environmental Management and Science issued a Request for Proposal on 2025-09-30 (published the week of 2025-10-13 per FedScoop) seeking U.S. companies to build, own and operate AI data centers and/or energy generation on the Oak Ridge Reservation under one or more long-term ground leases funded entirely by the lessee. TWO SITES are named in the DOE release: one at the East Tennessee Technology Park and one on land adjacent to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This is recorded as a single record with representative_multi_site precision, geocoded to the East Tennessee Technology Park, because DOE names two sites but publishes no design, footprint, or capacity for either; splitting it would duplicate a record with no site-specific facts. ORNL itself geocodes to 35.9301332, -84.3119307. CONFIRMED ABSENCES as of 2026-09-09: no lessee has been selected, no capacity, investment, footprint or timeline is stated, and applicants — not DOE — are responsible for securing utility interconnection agreements and all permitting. The operator field records DOE as the landowner and solicitor, NOT as the eventual data-center operator, which is unknown. Oak Ridge is one of four federal sites DOE identified for AI infrastructure. Distinct from the existing Kairos Power Hermes 2 record, which is a separate NRC-licensed reactor project at Oak Ridge.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "dominion-chesterfield-energy-reliability-center-va",
    "name": "Chesterfield Energy Reliability Center (CERC)",
    "operator": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.38189170453291,
      "lon": -77.38444091694713,
      "city": "Chester",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "CPCN filed with the Virginia State Corporation Commission",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "SCC approved; DEQ PSD air permit granted 2025-12-19 (under appeal)",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dominion-energy-seeks-approval-for-1gw-virginia-gas-plant-amid-data-center-boom/",
        "label": "Dominion Energy seeks approval for 1GW Virginia gas plant amid data center boom",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/briefs/scc-declines-to-reconsider-chesterfield-gas-plant-approval-advocacy-groups-appeal-air-permit/",
        "label": "SCC declines to reconsider Chesterfield gas plant approval; advocacy groups appeal air permit",
        "publisher": "Virginia Mercury",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2025-08-11/dominion-cerc-chesterfield-dutch-gap-james-slayton-sinclair-selc-deq",
        "label": "Environmental groups oppose Dominion's Chesterfield gas plant plans (CERC, Dutch Gap)",
        "publisher": "VPM News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.oilandgaswatch.org/post/virginia-a-magnet-for-data-centers-is-hit-with-environmental-lawsuit-after-approving-large-new-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Virginia hit with environmental lawsuit after approving large new gas power plant",
        "publisher": "Oil & Gas Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/dominion-seeks-approval-1-gw-gas-fired-power-plant-virginia-us.html",
        "label": "Dominion seeks approval for a 1 GW gas-fired power plant in Virginia (US)",
        "publisher": "Enerdata",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Chesterfield_Energy_Reliability_Center",
        "label": "Chesterfield Energy Reliability Center — Global Energy Monitor",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2025-11-25/dominion-energy-virginia-scc-electric-bill-natural-gas-plant-cerc",
        "label": "State regulators partially OK Dominion Energy bill increases",
        "publisher": "VPM News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "$1.47B Dominion 'reliability center' driven by data-center load growth; sited on the retired Chesterfield Power Station footprint south of Richmond.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Four 250 MW simple-cycle natural gas combustion turbines (~944 MW net) built within the footprint of the retired Chesterfield coal power station at Dutch Gap on the James River; feeds the Dominion/PJM grid to meet data-center-driven demand."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1470000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 4,
      "notes": "Grid-connected 'reliability center' — not tied to a single named data center campus. SCC approved Nov 2025 despite the Virginia Clean Economy Act's restriction on new gas; DEQ granted the PSD air permit 2025-12-19. Construction expected to begin 2026, operations targeted 2029."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dominion-cumberland-energy-center-va",
    "name": "Cumberland Energy Center",
    "operator": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.62,
      "lon": -78.26,
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-11",
        "note": "Announced by Dominion Energy and presented to the Cumberland County Board of Supervisors. As of the reporting date the company had not yet filed an application for a conditional use permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-05-11/dominion-energy-gas-plant-cumberland-energy-center-scc-cerc-hamlet",
        "label": "Dominion Energy plans for state's biggest gas plant in Cumberland",
        "publisher": "VPM News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Planned on roughly 900 acres in northern Cumberland County between the James River and Duncan Store Road. Would be the largest gas plant in Virginia at 3 GW. Distinct from the already-tracked Chesterfield Energy Reliability Center. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of northern Cumberland County along the James River, not a surveyed site point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Proposed 3,000MW combined-cycle plant designed to run continuously rather than as a peaker — the largest natural gas generator in Virginia if built, though below the Bath County Pumped Storage Station's maximum output. Sited in northern Cumberland County on about 900 acres between the James River and Duncan Store Road. As of May 2026 Dominion had not yet filed a conditional use permit application and the project remained subject to local and state review and public hearings."
    },
    "landAcres": 900,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle design intended to operate around the clock rather than as a peaker plant. Announced amid Dominion's projected data center load growth."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dominion-mount-storm-combined-cycle-grant-county-wv",
    "name": "Mt. Storm Combined Cycle Station",
    "operator": "Dominion Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.200531,
      "lon": -79.264722,
      "city": "Mount Storm",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-28",
        "note": "Dominion Energy announced a proposed 2.6-GW natural gas combined-cycle station in Grant County, subject to permits and regulatory approvals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governor.wv.gov/article/governor-morrisey-announces-26-gw-natural-gas-power-plant-grant-county-existing-coal",
        "label": "Governor Morrisey Announces 2.6 GW Natural Gas Power Plant in Grant County",
        "publisher": "WV Office of the Governor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/dominion-energy-proposes-26-gw-gas-fired-plant-west-virginia-us.html",
        "label": "Dominion Energy proposes 2.6 GW gas-fired plant in West Virginia",
        "publisher": "Enerdata",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Mount_Storm_Power_Station",
        "label": "Mount Storm Power Station — Global Energy Monitor (coordinates, existing units)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the existing Mt. Storm Power Station point from Global Energy Monitor; the new combined-cycle station's exact footprint has not been published, so precision is \"approximate\". The 2.6 GW is the new gas plant only and is separate from the existing 1.6-GW coal station.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Four natural-gas combustion turbines in combined-cycle configuration, proposed adjacent to Dominion's existing 1.6-GW coal-fired Mt. Storm Power Station, which the company says will remain operational."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1400,
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "General large-load / data-center-driven demand growth across PJM (no single named customer)",
      "unitCount": 4,
      "notes": "Enerdata reports four combustion turbines with commercial operation targeted for 2033, and that the project \"is intended to help meet rising electricity demand across the PJM Interconnection region, particularly from data centres and advanced manufacturing facilities.\" A modification to the site's air permit has been filed with the WV DEP. Power would serve Dominion's Virginia customers with excess available to PJM."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dp-facilities-mineral-gap-wise-va",
    "name": "Mineral Gap Data Center",
    "operator": "DP Facilities",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.987,
      "lon": -82.53,
      "city": "Wise",
      "county": "Wise",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2015",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018-05-15",
        "note": "DP Facilities' release describes the 65,000 sq ft Mineral Gap facility as operating and Uptime Institute Tier III certified — the first designed and constructed Tier III data center in Virginia. Wise County Economic Development records it as established in 2017 and still operating.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dpfacilities.com/in-the-news/65-million-minderal-gap-data-center-to-be-built/",
        "label": "$65 Million 'Mineral Gap' Data Center to be Built in Wise County",
        "publisher": "DP Facilities",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dpfacilities.com/news-releases/virginias-first-designed-and-constructed-tier-iii-data-center-expanding-into-d-c-metro-area/",
        "label": "Virginia's First Designed and Constructed Tier III Data Center Expanding Into D.C. Metro Area",
        "publisher": "DP Facilities",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://elevatewisecounty.com/top-industries/data-centers/",
        "label": "Data Centers — Wise County Economic Development",
        "publisher": "Wise County Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "65,000 sq ft high-security colocation facility on 22 acres of the Lonesome Pine Regional Business & Technology Park, serving federal and state government agencies and commercial clients. Physical security includes K-rated, US Department of State certified anti-ram fencing, wedge barriers, a perimeter blast berm and 24/7 armed security; the facility holds HITRUST certification. Wise County reports it employs over 20 people and is the county's second-highest source of improved real estate tax revenue. In 2023 it installed what the county describes as Virginia's first commercial-scale solar field on previously coal-mined land, a 3.6MW array.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 3.6,
      "notes": "Wise County Economic Development reports a 3.6MW solar array on former coal-mined land supplying the site, alongside grid supply; the county calls it Virginia's first commercial-scale solar field on reclaimed mine land."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 65000000,
    "landAcres": 22,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 40,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dpo-wisconsin-rapids-hpc-wi",
    "name": "DPO Wisconsin Rapids AI Computing Facility",
    "operator": "Digital Power Optimization",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.3917589,
      "lon": -89.8228767,
      "city": "Wisconsin Rapids",
      "county": "Wood",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-31",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-31",
        "note": "DPO announced a $200M, 20 MW AI computing development with land and firm hydro power secured through CWPCo; energization targeted for 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dpo-launches-200-million-ai-data-center-development-in-partnership-with-billerud-302359217.html",
        "label": "DPO Launches $200 Million AI Data Center Development in Partnership with Billerud",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Digital Power Optimization",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://biztimes.com/data-center-developer-plans-200-million-project-in-wisconsin-rapids/",
        "label": "Data center developer plans $200 million project in Wisconsin Rapids (up to 20 MW, ~10 acres, power from Consolidated Water Power Company, 50-year land lease)",
        "publisher": "BizTimes Milwaukee",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Pre-development funded by an investor consortium led by Salutem Capital; Stantec providing engineering support. Exact street address and acreage not disclosed in the announcement, so coordinates are the Wisconsin Rapids city geocode. Single-source, hence 'reported'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Consolidated Water Power Company",
      "notes": "Firm power from CWPCo (a Billerud subsidiary and regulated utility operating 32 MW of hydroelectric generation). DPO secured a land lease of up to 50 years and interconnection rights to an existing, energized substation."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "landAcres": 10,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "drfortress-koapaka-honolulu-hi",
    "name": "DRFortress Data Center",
    "operator": "DRFortress",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 21.3344171,
      "lon": -157.9171752,
      "city": "Honolulu",
      "street": "3375 Koapaka Street",
      "state": "HI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.drfortress.com/in-the-news/",
        "label": "In The News - Data Center Colocation & Digital Hub",
        "publisher": "DRFortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.drfortress.com/",
        "label": "DRFortress — Data Center Colocation & Digital Hub",
        "publisher": "DRFortress",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Hawaii's largest carrier-neutral data center per the operator's own site, described as a single ~65,000 sq ft location that has been expanded multiple times. Coordinates geocoded from the street address via OSM Nominatim (matched a specific building at this house number on Koapaka Street, Salt Lake/Airport Industrial Park area); not confirmed against a surveyed parcel, so precision is approximate. No MW, cabinet-count, or investment figures were stated on the pages fetched, so those fields are omitted rather than estimated.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "drox-group-rural-hall-forsyth-county-nc",
    "name": "Rural Hall Data Center (The Drox Group)",
    "operator": "The Drox Group",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.267,
      "lon": -80.267,
      "city": "Rural Hall",
      "county": "Forsyth",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Winston-Salem/Forsyth Planning Board recommended denial of the rezoning (7-2, June 11, 2026); final Forsyth County Commissioners vote expected around July 30, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "note": "Forsyth County Board of Commissioners denied rezoning case F-1669 (Project Iron Spur) 5-2 on July 30, 2026, ending the Drox Group's proposed Rural Hall hyperscale data center. The existing record's statusHistory had this vote as 'expected around July 30, 2026' — it has now happened and gone against the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-06-11/planning-board-recommends-denying-rezoning-for-proposed-rural-hall-data-center",
        "label": "Planning board recommends denying rezoning for proposed Rural Hall data center",
        "publisher": "WFDD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ruralhallinfo.com/project-iron-spur/",
        "label": "Project Iron Spur — Rezoning Case F-1669",
        "publisher": "Rural Hall Info",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-30",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate for Rural Hall, NC.",
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 129,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Rezoning case F-1669, 129 acres across from Rural Hall Town Hall. Developer separately cited ~$80M in projected county tax revenue over 10 years.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "dte-cold-creek-energy-center-branch-mi",
    "name": "Cold Creek Energy Center",
    "operator": "DTE Electric Company",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.916753,
      "lon": -85.0649374,
      "county": "Branch",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-27",
        "note": "MPSC order in Case No. U-21990 approving the project and its equipment-supply and EPC contracts.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://adms.apps.lara.state.mi.us/Mpsc/ViewCommissionOrderDocument/27397",
        "label": "Michigan Public Service Commission order, Case No. U-21990 — approval of the Cold Creek, Fish Creek and Pine River Energy Centers",
        "publisher": "Michigan Public Service Commission (LARA e-docket)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/michigan-approves-1332mw-of-bess-with-332mw-supporting-oracle-data-centre/",
        "label": "MPSC approves 1,332MW of BESS, 332MW supports data centre",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Branch%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Branch County, Michigan (county-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "PIN PRECISION: the MPSC filing names only \"Branch County\" and no township or parcel has been published, so the coordinates are a COUNTY CENTROID placeholder, not a site pin. This should be corrected as soon as a township or address surfaces.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "offtaker": "Green Chile Ventures LLC (a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "stargate-saline-township-mi"
      ],
      "notes": "Approved in MPSC Case No. U-21990 alongside Fish Creek and Pine River as the first 332 MW of company-owned storage under the DTE Electric / Green Chile Ventures energy storage agreement. The MPSC order records that the project \"will be sited in Branch County, Michigan, and is anticipated to provide 100 MW of dispatchable energy storage capacity\", with commercial operation expected no later than Q2 2027. The order also notes Cold Creek qualifies for the 10% investment-tax-credit adder."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dte-fish-creek-energy-center-montcalm-mi",
    "name": "Fish Creek Energy Center",
    "operator": "DTE Electric Company",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.1632133,
      "lon": -85.0148218,
      "county": "Montcalm",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 132
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-27",
        "note": "MPSC order in Case No. U-21990 approved the Cold Creek, Fish Creek and Pine River Energy Centers and the related equipment-supply and EPC contracts. DTE Electric's January 16, 2026 application states Fish Creek \"will be sited in Montcalm County, Michigan, and is anticipated to provide 132 MW of dispatchable energy storage capacity.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://adms.apps.lara.state.mi.us/Mpsc/ViewCommissionOrderDocument/27397",
        "label": "Michigan Public Service Commission order, Case No. U-21990 — approval of the Cold Creek, Fish Creek and Pine River Energy Centers under the DTE Electric / Green Chile Ventures LLC energy storage agreement",
        "publisher": "Michigan Public Service Commission (LARA e-docket)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thedailynews.cc/articles/dte-energy-requesting-special-use-permit-for-battery-energy-storage-system-near-sheridan/",
        "label": "DTE Energy requesting special use permit for battery energy storage system near Sheridan — \"a battery energy storage system in Bushnell Township's portion of the Fish Creek Solar Park\"",
        "publisher": "The Daily News (Greenville, MI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/michigan-approves-1332mw-of-bess-with-332mw-supporting-oracle-data-centre/",
        "label": "MPSC approves 1,332MW of BESS, 332MW supports data centre — \"will support the 1,383MW data centre being developed by Green Chile Ventures LLC in Saline Township, Washtenaw County\"",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Bushnell%20Township%2C%20Montcalm%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Bushnell Township, Montcalm County, Michigan (township-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "PIN PRECISION: the MPSC filing states only \"Montcalm County\"; local permit coverage places a DTE battery system in Bushnell Township's portion of the Fish Creek Solar Park, and the pin is a Bushnell Township centroid on that basis — it is a placeholder, not a parcel. Recorded as power_generation because the project schema's generation.technology carries \"battery\"; this is storage dedicated to a tracked compute campus, not merchant generation.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "offtaker": "Green Chile Ventures LLC (a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "stargate-saline-township-mi"
      ],
      "notes": "One of the first three company-owned projects (332 MW combined) under the energy storage agreement between DTE Electric and Green Chile Ventures LLC, approved by the MPSC in Case No. U-21990. The December 18, 2025 order \"conditionally authorized DTE Electric to deploy 1.383 gigawatts of energy storage resources to be fully funded by the Customer as set forth in the ESA.\" Commercial operation expected no later than Q2 2027. Battery modules from LG Energy Solution Vertech; EPC master service agreements with Roncelli, J. Ranck Electric and Burns & McDonnell Michigan."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dte-pine-river-energy-center-gratiot-mi",
    "name": "Pine River Energy Center",
    "operator": "DTE Electric Company",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.2903117,
      "lon": -84.6098023,
      "county": "Gratiot",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-27",
        "note": "MPSC order in Case No. U-21990 approving the project and its equipment-supply and EPC contracts.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://adms.apps.lara.state.mi.us/Mpsc/ViewCommissionOrderDocument/27397",
        "label": "Michigan Public Service Commission order, Case No. U-21990 — approval of the Cold Creek, Fish Creek and Pine River Energy Centers",
        "publisher": "Michigan Public Service Commission (LARA e-docket)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/michigan-approves-1332mw-of-bess-with-332mw-supporting-oracle-data-centre/",
        "label": "MPSC approves 1,332MW of BESS, 332MW supports data centre",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Gratiot%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Gratiot County, Michigan (county-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "PIN PRECISION: the MPSC filing names only \"Gratiot County\", so the coordinates are a COUNTY CENTROID placeholder. Gratiot County does contain a Pine River Township, but the filing does not say the project sits there and that inference is deliberately NOT encoded in the pin.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "offtaker": "Green Chile Ventures LLC (a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "stargate-saline-township-mi"
      ],
      "notes": "Third of the three first-tranche company-owned storage projects under the DTE Electric / Green Chile Ventures energy storage agreement. The MPSC order records that it \"will be sited in Gratiot County, Michigan, and is anticipated to provide 100 MW of dispatchable energy storage capacity\", with commercial operation expected no later than Q2 2027, and notes it qualifies for the 10% investment-tax-credit adder. DTE has said it intends to file for approval of third-party and additional company-owned projects to fulfil the remaining capacity under the 1.383 GW agreement."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duane-arnold-energy-center-palo-ia",
    "name": "Duane Arnold Energy Center (restart)",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.10125,
      "lon": -91.77764,
      "city": "Palo",
      "county": "Linn",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 615
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-27",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-27",
        "note": "NextEra Energy and Google announced a 25-year power purchase agreement to restart the plant (offline since 2020), with NextEra agreeing to acquire 100% ownership. Google takes over 90% (~565 MW) of output; CIPCO purchases the remainder on identical terms.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-08-25",
        "note": "FERC approved the MISO interconnection waiver needed for the restart; Linn County rezoning followed (Jan 2026) and the Iowa Utilities Commission issued a 615 MWe construction certificate (Jun 2026). The NRC federal operating-license reauthorization — the final gate — is targeted for ~Jan 2028; grid delivery targeted Q1 2029.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://newsroom.nexteraenergy.com/NextEra-Energy-and-Google-Announce-New-Collaboration-to-Accelerate-Nuclear-Energy-Deployment-in-the-U-S?l=12",
        "label": "NextEra Energy and Google Announce New Collaboration to Accelerate Nuclear Energy Deployment",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-nextera-waiver-duane-arnold-nuclear/758590/",
        "label": "FERC approves NextEra waiver needed for Duane Arnold nuclear plant restart",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-04-23/google-data-center-linn-county-palo",
        "label": "Google's data center project creates rift between Palo and Linn County",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://facilityexplorer.iowadnr.gov/facilityexplorer/SiteDetail.aspx?facID=310377472",
        "label": "Facility Details: NextEra Energy Duane Arnold Energy Center",
        "publisher": "Iowa DNR Facility Explorer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.linncountyiowa.gov/1868/Duane-Arnold-Energy-Center",
        "label": "Duane Arnold Energy Center — Linn County official page",
        "publisher": "Linn County, IA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "Restart of NextEra's 615 MW single-unit BWR near Palo, Iowa (offline since 2020) under a 25-year Google power-purchase agreement — one of a wave of AI-demand-driven US nuclear restarts. Cleared FERC (2025), Linn County rezoning (2026) and an Iowa Utilities Commission construction certificate (Jun 2026); NRC operating-license reauthorization targeted ~Jan 2028, restart Q1 2029.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Single-unit boiling water reactor (BWR), 615 MW net, offline since Aug 10, 2020 (derecho damage). Restart delivers into the MISO grid under a 25-year Google PPA."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "25-year PPA under which Google takes over 90% (~565 MW) of output, with Central Iowa Power Cooperative (CIPCO) purchasing the remainder on identical terms. Google is separately pursuing 'Project Meridian', a ~545-acre data-center campus immediately south of the plant, whose zoning/annexation (Linn County vs. City of Palo) remained unresolved as of mid-2026 — so no specific campus id is linked. Reported net capacity ranges 610–622 MW across outlets; 615 MW matches NextEra's release and the IUC certificate. Restart targeted Q1 2029."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-anderson-plant-anderson-county-sc",
    "name": "Anderson Plant (Duke Energy Combined-Cycle Natural Gas Plant)",
    "operator": "Duke Energy Carolinas",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.3836077,
      "lon": -82.6938672,
      "city": "Starr",
      "county": "Anderson",
      "street": "S.C. Highway 81 South near True Temper Road",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1365
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/regulators-approve-duke-energys-proposal-for-new-natural-gas-generation-to-support-south-carolinas-growing-energy-needs",
        "label": "Regulators approve Duke Energy's proposal for new natural gas generation to support South Carolina's growing energy needs",
        "publisher": "Duke Energy News Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://upstatebusinessjournal.com/energy/public-service-commission-approves-new-gas-generation-plant-in-anderson-county/",
        "label": "Public Service Commission approves new gas generation plant in Anderson County",
        "publisher": "Upstate Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/duke-energy-earnings-anderson-gas-plant/819428/",
        "label": "Duke Energy added 2.7 GW of contracted data centers in Q1",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "PSC of South Carolina granted final construction approval 2026-03-26. Air permit application submitted to SCDES March 2026. Construction expected to begin summer 2027; in-service date given as 2031 by trade press (Duke's own release said 'early 2031'). No named compute offtaker is identified in the PSC approval or the air-permit application, and Duke frames the plant as general system capacity rather than a dedicated behind-the-meter supply for one facility, so `generation.offtaker` is deliberately left unset rather than guessed. It is tracked here because South Carolina's large-load growth is the stated driver, not because a compute buyer is on record.",
    "investmentUsd": 3200000000,
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 700,
      "permanent": 125
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "General large-load / data center demand growth in Duke Energy Carolinas' South Carolina territory (not dedicated to a single named customer)",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle plant; nominal capacity split among Duke Energy (~1,170 MW), Central Electric Power Cooperative (95 MW), and North Carolina Electric Membership Corporation (100 MW). Duke states the design uses ~90% less water than traditional wet cooling and produces no vapor plume; the company describes it as its first new generation facility in a decade."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-energy-belews-creek-smr-stokes-county-nc",
    "name": "Duke Energy Belews Creek Advanced Nuclear Site (SMR early site permit)",
    "operator": "Duke Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.28139,
      "lon": -80.06028,
      "county": "Stokes",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-30",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-30",
        "note": "Early site permit application submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-submits-early-site-permit-application-for-potential-new-nuclear-development-in-north-carolina",
        "label": "Duke Energy submits early site permit application for potential new nuclear development in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Duke Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Coordinates are those of the existing Belews Creek Steam Station; the permit covers a site near that station, not a parcel-confirmed reactor footprint. An early site permit confirms site suitability only — it is not a construction authorization and no reactor technology has been selected.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear_smr",
      "notes": "Technology-neutral early site permit application covering six candidate designs — four small modular reactor designs and two non-light-water designs; large light-water reactors are excluded. Duke targets 600 MW of advanced nuclear by 2037 with a first unit online in 2036."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-energy-buck-combustion-turbines-rowan-county-nc",
    "name": "Duke Energy Buck Combustion Turbines (Rowan County)",
    "operator": "Duke Energy Carolinas",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.71194,
      "lon": -80.37694,
      "city": "Salisbury",
      "county": "Rowan",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 850
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-25",
        "note": "Preliminary filing with the North Carolina Utilities Commission ahead of a certificate of public convenience and necessity application.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salisburypost.com/2025/07/25/powering-on-duke-energy-signals-plans-for-two-rowan-county-generation-units/",
        "label": "Powering on: Duke Energy signals plans for two Rowan County generation units",
        "publisher": "Salisbury Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/duke-energy-proposes-natural-gas-162909412.html",
        "label": "Duke Energy proposes natural gas project at site of former coal plant",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Site is east of I-85 off Long Ferry Road in Rowan County — the same road as the separately tracked Long Ferry Road data center campus, but a distinct facility with a different owner and type. Reported construction start ranges from 2028 with in-service around 2030; a CPCN from the NC Utilities Commission is still pending.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two natural gas combustion turbines totalling about 850 MW on the former Buck Steam Station footprint, adjacent to the existing 718 MW Buck combined-cycle plant, using the pipeline already serving the site."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-energy-davidson-county-cc4-nc",
    "name": "Duke Energy Davidson County Combined Cycle (CC4)",
    "operator": "Duke Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.8163,
      "lon": -80.3753,
      "county": "Davidson",
      "street": "3714 Giles Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1360
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Duke's revised Cluster Study Phase 1 report names a Davidson County site for the 1,360 MW CC4 combined-cycle plant; NC Utilities Commission hearing on the Carbon Plan/IRP followed in February.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.theassemblync.com/news/environment/duke-energy-natural-gas-plant-davidson-county/",
        "label": "In Davidson County, Duke Energy Eyes a Massive New Natural Gas Power Plant",
        "publisher": "The Assembly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Siting is not final — Duke has publicly said no location decision has been made. Coordinates are a road-level approximation of the address named in the reporting.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Identified as CC4 in Duke's revised Cluster Study Phase 1 report (December 2025) at a ~1,600-acre property about 8.5 miles west of Lexington near the Yadkin River. Potentially operational by 2032. A companion CC5 has no disclosed location and is estimated for 2033. Duke says it has made no final siting decision and has considered multiple counties."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-energy-marshall-combustion-turbines-catawba-county-nc",
    "name": "Duke Energy Marshall Combustion Turbines (Catawba County)",
    "operator": "Duke Energy Carolinas",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.5975,
      "lon": -80.96472,
      "city": "Sherrills Ford",
      "county": "Catawba",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 850
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "Certificate of public convenience and necessity application filed with the NC Utilities Commission.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "NC Utilities Commission issued its order in early December 2024 and the NC Department of Environmental Quality issued the air permit on Dec. 20, 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://charlotteregion.com/news/duke-energy-applies-to-build-new-natural-gas-plant-at-marshall-steam-station-site-in-catawba-county/",
        "label": "Duke Energy applies to build new natural gas plant at Marshall Steam Station site in Catawba County",
        "publisher": "Charlotte Regional Business Alliance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/duke-energy-unveils-plans-for-new-natural-gas-plant-in-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Duke Energy unveils plans for new natural gas plant in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/duke-energy-receives-key-approvals-120000547.html",
        "label": "Duke Energy receives key approvals for new gas plants at 2 North Carolina sites",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News / Charlotte Observer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Permits condition the units on retiring the first two Marshall coal units by the end of 2028. Construction was targeted to start in the second half of 2026 with in-service in early 2029; this record does not assert that construction has begun.",
    "landAcres": 20,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 800,
      "permanent": 10,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two hydrogen-capable 425 MW simple-cycle combustion turbines on a roughly 20-acre parcel inside the existing Marshall Steam Station property, about a mile northeast of the coal units, with ultra-low-sulfur diesel as backup fuel."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-energy-person-county-energy-complex-cc-nc",
    "name": "Duke Energy Person County Energy Complex Combined Cycle",
    "operator": "Duke Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.4836,
      "lon": -79.0736,
      "county": "Person",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-23",
        "note": "First of four GE Vernova advanced gas turbines delivered to the Person County Energy Complex construction site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/duke-energy-new-gas-turbine-july-2026/",
        "label": "Duke Energy receives first advanced gas turbine to generate electricity more efficiently",
        "publisher": "WRAL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Capacity intentionally omitted: the frequently quoted 2,720 MW figure appears only in secondary summaries of Duke investor slides, which were not read directly this session.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two combined-cycle units at the Person County Energy Complex, using GE Vernova advanced gas turbines (four turbines total for the project). First turbine arrived on site 2026-07-23; the steam turbine generator was expected later in 2026. Duke's adjacent Mayo coal units are expected to retire by 2031 and Roxboro (Hyco) coal units by 2034. Duke has attributed its gas buildout in the Carolinas in part to fast-growing data center load."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "duke-energy-progress-richmond-county-bridge-power-nc",
    "name": "Duke Energy Progress Richmond County Bridge Power (Energy Way Tech Campus)",
    "operator": "Duke Energy Progress",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.88917,
      "lon": -79.71,
      "city": "Hamlet",
      "county": "Richmond",
      "street": "Airport Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-26",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-26",
        "note": "NC DEQ announced a joint public hearing on the permit modification; hearing held July 30, 2026 in Rockingham.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-29",
        "note": "NC Division of Air Quality issued the air quality permit for Duke Energy's construction-phase generators.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2026/06/26/deq-announces-joint-public-hearing-amazon-data-center-and-duke-energy-air-quality-permits-richmond",
        "label": "DEQ announces joint public hearing on Amazon data center and Duke Energy air quality permits in Richmond County",
        "publisher": "North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/2026-08-29/amazons-richmond-county-data-center-gets-green-light-on-air-quality-permits",
        "label": "Amazon's Richmond County data center gets green light on air quality permits",
        "publisher": "WUNC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "This is a modification of Duke Energy Progress's existing Richmond County Combustion Turbine Facility air permit, but the permitted engines are a distinct, temporary generating installation sited on the Amazon campus and dedicated to it. Permitted as a Title V major source. No megawatt rating was stated in the sources read, so capacity is omitted; do not infer one from the engine count. Coordinates are the Hamlet town centroid, not a parcel.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "offtaker": "Amazon Web Services",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "aws-richmond-county-nc"
      ],
      "unitCount": 57,
      "notes": "57 new diesel-fired reciprocating engines permitted on Amazon's Energy Way Tech Campus property to supply 'bridge power' while the data center campus is built. Duke Energy Progress is required to retire the bridge-power engines within one year after the data center begins operation."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dulles-cloud-south-gainesville-prince-william-va",
    "name": "Dulles Cloud South (Dulles South Innovation Center)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.83,
      "lon": -77.61,
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/07/08/prince-william-board-rejects-dulles-south-data-center-proposal-in-gainesville/",
        "label": "Prince William Board Rejects Dulles South Data Center Proposal in Gainesville",
        "publisher": "Potomac Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Proposed ~1,940-acre, up to 43M sq ft data center/industrial campus along Sanders Lane in the Gainesville District, near the Loudoun County border -- a geographically and procedurally distinct site from the also-cancelled Prince William Digital Gateway (Pageland Lane/Thoroughfare area, tracked separately as prince-william-digital-gateway-va). Prince William County Board of Supervisors voted 8-0 on 2026-07-07 to deny the comprehensive plan amendment needed to advance the project, citing infrastructure capacity, environmental impact, traffic, and land-use compatibility concerns. No named developer/operator was identified in the available source.",
    "landAcres": 1940,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "dynamic-internet-salem-nh",
    "name": "Dynamic Internet Salem Data Center",
    "operator": "Dynamic Internet",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.7648858,
      "lon": -71.2420671,
      "city": "Salem",
      "county": "Rockingham",
      "street": "12 Delaware Dr",
      "state": "NH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/dynamic-internet-salem",
        "label": "Dynamic Internet Salem Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Single-source finding (Baxtel directory): address and 'fully operational' status stated; no square footage, capacity, or tenant detail available. A modest-scale, regionally-focused ISP colocation site rather than a hyperscale or wholesale facility. OSM matches a house/building at this exact address (way/18863019) with no business name attached, consistent with but not independently confirming the listing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "eagle-mountain-data-oc1-anaheim-ca",
    "name": "Eagle Mountain Data OC1 (Anaheim Data Center)",
    "operator": "Eagle Mountain Data Inc",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.8366,
      "lon": -117.9143,
      "city": "Anaheim",
      "county": "Orange",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://eaglemountain.ai/post/eagle-mountain-data-now-offering-high-density-ai-gpu-capacity-at-fully-energized-anaheim-data-center",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain Data Now Offering High Density AI GPU Capacity at Fully Energized Anaheim Data Center",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain Data",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Operator describes OC1 as \"fully energized\" and pre-leasing high-density AI GPU capacity: pre-deployed NVIDIA GB300 clusters, up to 135kW/rack (engineered for 200kW+), direct-to-chip liquid cooling, <1.15 PUE target, zero-water cooling, 100% green utility power, with direct AWS Direct Connect / Azure ExpressRoute connectivity. The operator states OC1 is the first phase of a planned 45MW multi-facility Southern California development — that 45MW figure covers the whole planned program, NOT this single site, so capacityMw is omitted rather than misapplied. No exact street address appears in any source actually fetched in this run: a datacenters.com listing for this facility exists but returned HTTP 429 on fetch and is not used as a source. Location is city-level (Anaheim) only.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "eagle-rock-meridian-technology-park-taylorville-il",
    "name": "Meridian Technology Park",
    "operator": "Eagle Rock Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.489771,
      "lon": -89.36787,
      "city": "Clarksdale",
      "county": "Christian",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-16",
        "note": "Eagle Rock Partners made its first official appearance before the Christian County Board on June 16, 2026 to present the Meridian Technology Park proposal; no formal application had been submitted as of the county board's initial discussion, and votes by the Zoning Board and County Board remain pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://mlq.ai/news/eagle-rock-partners-proposes-88b-1gw-data-center-campus-in-christian-county-illinois/",
        "label": "Eagle Rock Partners Proposes $8.8B, 1GW Data Center Campus in Christian County, Illinois",
        "publisher": "MLQ News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/property-developer-eagle-rock-proposes-1gw-data-center-in-christian-county-illinois/",
        "label": "Property developer Eagle Rock proposes 1GW data center in Christian County, Illinois",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.breezecourier.com/local-news/christian-county-board-approves-agreements-hears-public-comment-a0a72ec2",
        "label": "Christian County Board approves agreements, hears public comment",
        "publisher": "The Breeze Courier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "Proposed 475-acre, 10-building (100MW each, ~1,000MW total) data center campus in unincorporated Christian County, ~2 miles southwest of Taylorville near Clarksdale. Estimated cost $6B-$8.8B. Earliest construction would not begin before 2028-2029. No formal application had been filed with the county as of the board's first briefing on the proposal; zoning board and county board votes are still pending. Not yet listed on major public data center trackers.",
    "landAcres": 475,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Christian County had a pre-existing moratorium on data center construction (imposed Aug 2025); a resident petition with nearly 700 signatures calls for an 18-month moratorium plus independent studies before any approval.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "eagle-rock-pairmont-data-center-campus-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Pairmont Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Eagle Rock Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.1791903850787,
      "lon": -77.44283210846356,
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/3137/R25-0014-Pairmont-Data-Center-Campus",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County official case page — R25-0014 Pairmont Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/35472/3rd-Submission-Proffer-Statement",
        "label": "R25-0014 3rd-Submission Voluntary Proffer Statement (applicant Eagle Rock Partners LLC; parcels 51-A-29/30; 99.35 ac)",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "The dispatch listed applicant as 'Applicant TBD' — the county record now DISCLOSES it. County case R25-0014; the 3rd-submission Voluntary Proffer Statement (county DocumentCenter PDF, parsed locally) names Applicant 'Eagle Rock Partners, LLC' and Owner 'William Courtney Sheild', two tax parcels (51-A-29 and 51-A-30) totaling 99.35 acres, rezoning RU->I-2 for no more than 900,000 sq ft of data center; access is through Caroline County. Not a dup of any tracked record (distinct parcels/applicant). MW not disclosed -> omitted. Coordinates not parcel-confirmed -> omitted. Create as proposed (under",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 99.35,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ebay-topaz-south-jordan-ut",
    "name": "eBay Topaz Data Center",
    "operator": "eBay",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.55849,
      "lon": -111.93671,
      "city": "South Jordan",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/hyperscalers/ebay-utah-data-center-earns-leed-gold",
        "label": "eBay Utah Data Center Earns LEED Gold",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/business/ai-utah-data-center-boom-fossil-fuels-gas/",
        "label": "To power Utah's data center boom, companies are turning to fossil fuels",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mccmeetingspublic.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/sojordanut-meet-5c77a92d3b554728bf67b91e7e009dac/ITEM-Attachment-001-f0e4eafd922043329648698ba0077660.pdf",
        "label": "South Jordan City FY 2024-25 Tentative Budget — Redevelopment Agency section (all 11 RDA/CDA/EDA project areas)",
        "publisher": "South Jordan City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mccmeetingspublic.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/sojordanut-meet-974b3762cc76457ba50aa12674d4a602/ITEM-Attachment-001-e60a92d2ce134faabd49b6a5ff53e5cd.pdf",
        "label": "South Jordan RDA — Southwest Quadrant Urban Center Community Reinvestment Project Area Plan and staff report (adopted April 5, 2022)",
        "publisher": "South Jordan City Redevelopment Agency",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. South Jordan's FY2024-25 tentative budget enumerates all 11 RDA/CDA/EDA project areas the city has ever run, active or completed, by name — none is eBay, Topaz, Daybreak, or Kennecott, and the completed pre-2008 areas predate the 2009-built Topaz campus. A separate 2022-adopted CRA (initially mislabeled \"Daybreak Commerce Park\" in a staff-report boilerplate paragraph, formally the Southwest Quadrant Urban Center Community Reinvestment Project Area) was chased down and confirmed to be an unrelated greenfield transit-oriented project led by VP Daybreak Holdings/Larry H. Miller Company, not eBay. Historical state-level GOED EDTIF awards to eBay Inc. (2008 and 2011) are on the public record but are entity-level, not a South Jordan site agreement, and this pass could not independently verify their reported dollar figures. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Data Center Knowledge reports '7.2 megawatts of capacity in phase 1, with a 30 megawatt substation on site' — the 30 MW is substation capacity for future phases, not IT load, so capacityMw records the 7.2 MW phase-1 figure. Efficiency features reported at opening: 400V power distribution, in-row cooling, hot air containment, and an expected PUE of 1.4. The building is LEED Gold certified."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Data Center Knowledge reports water-side economizer cooling fed by a 400,000 gallon rainwater cistern."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ebon-international-big-sandy-lawrence-ky",
    "name": "Ebon International Big Sandy Cryptomining Complex",
    "operator": "Ebon International",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.1144867,
      "lon": -82.6030988,
      "city": "Louisa",
      "county": "Lawrence",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2023-08-28",
        "note": "The Kentucky Public Service Commission denied Kentucky Power's special contract to serve the facility, finding that the utility would lack the power to meet existing customers' demand beginning in 2026 and that the risks, including rising energy prices for consumers, outweighed the potential economic benefits.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2023-08-29/regulators-reject-kentucky-power-contract-for-250m-cryptomining-facility",
        "label": "Regulators reject Kentucky Power contract for $250M cryptomining facility",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://earthjustice.org/feature/cryptocurrency-mining-kentucky",
        "label": "Cryptocurrency Mining in Kentucky (references the 250 MW cryptomining facility in Louisa whose rate request was denied)",
        "publisher": "Earthjustice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Louisa%2C+Lawrence+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Louisa, Lawrence County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Proposed $250 million computing complex on land leased from Kentucky Power at the Big Sandy Generating Station in Lawrence County, under an executed contract for up to 250 MW at a discounted rate subject to PSC approval. Kentucky Power projected the project would create up to 100 jobs; that ceiling is not recorded as a jobs figure because it is a projected maximum, not a committed count. Coordinates are the Louisa city centroid and are approximate — Big Sandy Generating Station is not mapped as a named feature in OpenStreetMap and the leased parcel was never publicly delineated.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Kentucky Power (AEP)"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "echostar-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "EchoStar Cheyenne Data Center and Satellite Uplink Facility",
    "operator": "EchoStar",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.135,
      "lon": -104.725,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2010-08-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2011",
        "note": "77,000 sq ft Tier III data center built adjacent to the existing uplink facility; first certified by the Wyoming Business Council as a qualifying data center in 2011 and described in June 2026 state materials as the initial anchor tenant of the Cheyenne Business Parkway.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/business/echostar-picks-cheyenne-for-data-center",
        "label": "EchoStar Picks Cheyenne for Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "77,000 sq ft Tier III data center in the Cheyenne Business Park east of Cheyenne along Interstate 80, built adjacent to EchoStar's satellite uplink and broadcast facility. Announced 2010-08-03 with completion expected by end of 2011; the 2026 Wyoming Business Council materials describe it in the present tense as a certified qualifying data center. Jobs are not recorded: the widely quoted 360-plus Cheyenne headcount covers the whole broadcast centre, an entity-level figure that must not be attributed to the data center. Coordinates approximate the Cheyenne Business Park, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "year": "2011",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ecl-csc1-santa-clara-ca",
    "name": "ECL CSC-1 FlexGrid AI Data Center",
    "operator": "ECL",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.354,
      "lon": -121.955,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 35
    },
    "poweredBy": "FlexGrid hybrid: SVP on-grid electricity + natural gas + hydrogen fuel cells",
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "ECL publicly announced CSC-1, a 35MW FlexGrid-powered AI data center in Santa Clara; first phase delivery targeted Q4 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260421198659/en/ECL-35MW-FlexGrid-Powered-Data-Center-in-Santa-Clara-Builds-Atop-On-Grid-Power-for-High-Density-AI-Delivery",
        "label": "ECL 35MW FlexGrid-Powered Data Center in Santa Clara Builds Atop On-Grid Power for High-Density AI Delivery",
        "publisher": "BusinessWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ecl-plans-35mw-data-center-in-california-that-will-use-some-hydrogen-power/",
        "label": "ECL Plans 35MW Data Center in California That Will Use Some Hydrogen Power",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Exact street address not publicly disclosed. Coordinates are Santa Clara city centroid (approximate). Announced April 21, 2026. First phase targets Q4 2026 delivery. ECL CEO Yuval Bachar stated the project addresses SVP grid capacity constraints that have forced other data center developers into multi-year interconnection queues. Project targets AI training and inference workloads.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power (SVP)",
      "notes": "FlexGrid architecture combines SVP on-grid electricity with natural gas and hydrogen fuel cells behind the meter, bypassing SVP grid interconnection queue constraints. Sub-1.15 PUE target. Rack densities 75-270kW for AI high-density compute."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "When hydrogen fuel cells are used, by-product water from hydrogen generation supplies the cooling loop, eliminating freshwater draw — significant for drought-prone California."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "eco-yotta-oneonta-ny",
    "name": "Eco-Yotta Data Center (proposed, County Route 9)",
    "operator": "Eco-Yotta Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.451656,
      "lon": -75.115285,
      "city": "Oneonta",
      "county": "Otsego",
      "street": "357 County Route 9",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Oneonta Town Board passed a 1-year moratorium on data centers/crypto mining (2026-05-13), pausing the Eco-Yotta rezoning application while the town studies code amendments.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thedailystar.com/news/local_news/oneonta-town-board-passes-one-year-data-center-moratorium/article_a68f1baa-9dec-4ac5-8bae-3dd86ba53b1c.html",
        "label": "Oneonta Town Board passes one-year data center moratorium",
        "publisher": "The Daily Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates geocoded from the street address via US Census geocoder (address-range interpolation on County Route 9, not a confirmed parcel), hence approximate precision. No capacity/MW, acreage, or investment figure found in the directly-fetched source as of 2026-09-13; omitted rather than guessed.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Town of Oneonta (Otsego County) Town Board unanimously passed a one-year moratorium on data centers/crypto facilities on 2026-05-13, in direct response to Eco-Yotta Inc.'s application to rezone the County Route 9 parcel to a Planned Development District. Board cited the need for time to study impacts and amend town code before any project could proceed; per the article the applicant had earlier floated the site as an agricultural-research project. No capacity, acreage, or investment figure was confirmed by direct source fetch as of 2026-09-13 -- omitted rather than estimated.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ecp-york-2-energy-center-data-center-peach-bottom-york-pa",
    "name": "York 2 Energy Center Data Center",
    "operator": "Energy Capital Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.75,
      "lon": -76.35,
      "city": "Peach Bottom Township",
      "county": "York",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-21",
        "note": "Announced by Energy Capital Partners at the Pennsylvania Energy and Innovation Summit; no formal land development plan filed with the township as of the August 2026 county survey.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cpbj.com/5b-data-center-coming-to-york-county-energy-site/",
        "label": "$5B data center coming to York County energy site",
        "publisher": "Central Penn Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/heres-where-data-centers-proposed-120559817.html",
        "label": "Here's where data centers have been proposed or discussed in York County — and their status",
        "publisher": "York Daily Record (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "The 828 MW figure is the existing Calpine generating station's capacity, not the data center's IT load — no compute capacity has been published. The $5 billion is the announced site investment; the separately reported $90 billion figure is a statewide multi-company pledge and is not attributed here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "To be developed on the site of Calpine's York 2 Energy Center, an 828 MW dual-fuelled combined-cycle gas turbine station, giving direct access to on-site power. Calpine is an Energy Capital Partners subsidiary."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Township officials advanced a data center ordinance while saying no formal plan had been submitted; residents packed a township workshop objecting that they had heard about the project only through rumours and public statements made outside the community.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-ashville-oh",
    "name": "Ashville Campus",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.72,
      "lon": -83.03,
      "city": "Ashville",
      "county": "Pickaway",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/proposed-edgeconnex-data-center-in-pickaway-county-ohio-facing-criticism/",
        "label": "Proposed EdgeConneX data center in Pickaway County, Ohio facing criticism",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opsb.ohio.gov/events/public-info-meeting-1-ashville-energy-center",
        "label": "Public Info Meeting #1 — Ashville Energy Center",
        "publisher": "Ohio Power Siting Board",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "680 acres north of SR-752; 1.8GW substation plus a 200MW gas turbine energy center planned. Facing local opposition/criticism. The adjacent Ashville Energy Center (PowerConneX) OPSB filing now specifies up to 800 MW of generating capacity on ~110 acres, up from the 200 MW gas-turbine figure previously noted here — this is the power plant's nameplate generation, not a confirmed data-center IT load; at least one press aggregator miscalls this \"the data center's capacity,\" but the primary OPSB filing does not support that reading.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "South Central Power Company"
    },
    "landAcres": 680,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-cedar-creek-tx",
    "name": "AUS02 / Cedar Creek Campus",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.139438,
      "lon": -97.565051,
      "city": "Cedar Creek",
      "county": "Bastrop",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 384
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-31",
        "note": "Building 1 (AUS02) nearing June 2026 completion.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://communityimpact.com/austin/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/2026/03/31/edgeconnex-plans-second-data-center-campus-in-bastrop-county/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX plans second data center campus in Bastrop County",
        "publisher": "Community Impact",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bastropcc.com/blog/edgeconnex-data-center-update-may-2026/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX data center update, May 2026",
        "publisher": "Bastrop County Chamber",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025023484",
        "label": "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR) TABS project registration #TABS2025023484 — \"ECX AUSTIN DFW33220N\", owner DFW33220N LLC (EdgeConneX), address 8001 Wolf Ln Bldg 2 / 6752 FM 535, Cedar Creek, TX 78612",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "4-building campus, approximately 140 acres near Wolf Ln/FM 535.",
    "investmentUsd": 1400000000,
    "landAcres": 140,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-chi02-il",
    "name": "EdgeConneX CHI02",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0014952,
      "lon": -87.9525624,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2021 Lunt Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/chicago-il/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX official locations page - Chicago",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/377032058",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/377032058",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/news/press-releases/edgeconnex-and-lambda-to-build-ai-factory-in-chicago-with-industry-leading-high-density-data-center-infrastructure/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX AI/HPC — EdgeConneX and Lambda announced a 23MW single-tenant liquid-cooled AI ",
        "publisher": "edgeconnex.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lambda.ai/blog/lambda-edgeconnex-dc-pr",
        "label": "Lambda — \"EdgeConneX and Lambda To Build AI Factory In Chicago\" (official announcement)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://platform.inflect.com/building/2021-lunt-avenue-elk-grove-village/edgeconnex/datacenter/edcchi02",
        "label": "Inflect — EdgeConneX EDCCHI02, 2021 Lunt Avenue, Elk Grove Village IL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed distinct from CHI01 (osm_id 174242795) on the same official page: CHI02 operational, 7MW N+1, 282,000 sq ft raised floor for tenants. AI/HPC (likely): EdgeConneX and Lambda announced a 23MW single-tenant liquid-cooled AI Factory on EdgeConneX's Chicago (Elk Grove Village) campus for high-density AI/HPC workloads.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "EDCCHI02 is a specific, addressed EdgeConneX facility at 2021 Lunt Avenue, Elk Grove Village, IL — in ComEd territory, part of the Chicago-area cluster where ComEd has been actively expanding substation capacity (e.g., the Elk Grove substation expansion) to serve data-center load growth."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-den01-denver-co",
    "name": "EdgeConneX DEN01 Denver",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5608526,
      "lon": -104.8275475,
      "city": "Englewood",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Operator lists two live data halls and an additional build in progress.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/denver-co/",
        "label": "Denver, CO Data Center & Colocation — EdgeConneX",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "29,800 sq ft facility with 9,300 sq ft of raised floor across two data halls and 3 MW N+1, with an additional 1.5 MW build in progress. EPA ENERGY STAR certified per the operator. On Highfield Parkway in the Meridian/Englewood submarket; coordinates are an approximate street-level point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-det01-mi",
    "name": "EdgeConneX DET01",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4476693,
      "lon": -83.2626336,
      "city": "Detroit (Oakland County)",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/detroit-mi/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX official locations page - Detroit",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/377585075",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/377585075",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Confirmed via official page: facility code DET01, Tier 3 designed, ENERGY STAR certified, 39,900 sq ft (9,930 sq ft raised floor), operational.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "DTE Energy"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Operator spec sheet describes a 30 inch raised/under floor forced air plenum with N+1 CRACs located in separate suites; it does not state whether a cooling-water circuit is present."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-edclas01-las-vegas-nv",
    "name": "EdgeConneX Las Vegas (EDCLAS01)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0662784,
      "lon": -115.1315773,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "1541 Pama Ln",
      "postalCode": "89119",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-11",
        "note": "Listed with status 'ok' in PeeringDB's facility registry and as operational on dcmap.us.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NV&limit=200",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry (Nevada) - EdgeConneX Las Vegas (EDCLAS01), 1541 Pama Ln, Las Vegas 89119",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/markets/las-vegas/",
        "label": "dcmap.us Las Vegas market listing - EdgeConneX Las Vegas EDCLAS01, operational, 0.75 MW",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Edge colocation facility. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap house-level geocode of the PeeringDB-registered address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-jax01-jacksonville-fl",
    "name": "EdgeConneX Jacksonville JAX01",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.254238,
      "lon": -81.604183,
      "city": "Jacksonville",
      "county": "Duval",
      "street": "6602 Executive Park Court N",
      "postalCode": "32216",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/north-america/jacksonville/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX — Jacksonville Edge Data Center page (JAX01: 17,570 sq ft, 6,812 sq ft raised floor, ENERGY STAR certified)",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Jacksonville",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"EdgeConneX Jacksonville (EDCJAX01)\", 6602 Executive Park Court N, Unit 105",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "17,570 sq ft edge facility with 6,812 sq ft of raised floor; ENERGY STAR certified by the US EPA; capable of 20+ kW per cabinet.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-liberty-road-douglas-county-ga",
    "name": "Liberty Road Data Center Campus (EdgeConneX)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX (applicant East Village Dothan LLC)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7314864,
      "lon": -84.900079,
      "city": "Villa Rica",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07-08",
        "note": "The Douglas County Commission voted 4-1 to deny the rezoning for a six-building, 4.4 million sq ft campus on roughly 700 acres near Liberty Road and I-20 — the second denial for the property in seven months.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.douglascountysentinel.com/douglasville_sentinel/county-rejects-plans-for-700-acre-data-center-campus/article_a5761e68-bcdb-5537-a954-b2a948460ea3.html",
        "label": "County rejects plans for 700-acre data center campus",
        "publisher": "Douglas County Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/douglas-county-leaders-just-killed-massive-data-center-project",
        "label": "Douglas County leaders just killed a massive data center project",
        "publisher": "FOX 5 Atlanta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "130 of the 700 acres would have held the campus, with 570+ acres kept as green space; the site borders Clinton Nature Preserve and sits partly inside Villa Rica city limits. Developer representatives estimated about $50 million in new tax revenue and 200-300 permanent jobs; those are proponent projections for a denied application and are not recorded as facility fields. Coordinates are approximate to Liberty Road.",
    "landAcres": 700,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The announced project size drew audible jeers from a packed Citizens Hall; residents cited continuous noise and the site's position in the Dog River Basin, which feeds the county's main drinking-water reservoir. The county's Planning and Zoning Commission recommended denial unanimously.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-mad01-madison-wi",
    "name": "EdgeConneX Madison (MAD01)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0481038,
      "lon": -89.2982832,
      "city": "Madison",
      "county": "Dane",
      "street": "4916 E Broadway",
      "postalCode": "53716",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/madison-wi/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX Madison, WI data center",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterhawk.com/colo/edgeconnex/4916-east-broadway/mad01",
        "label": "EdgeConneX MAD01 — 4916 East Broadway, Madison",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral edge colocation established in 2015 as a retrofit of a 115,000 sq ft building constructed in 1999; 7,800 sq ft of facility with 2,650 sq ft of raised floor, 30-inch plenum, N+1 CRAC, capable of 20+ kW per cabinet and 600+ watts per sq ft. No megawatt figure is published by the operator, so capacityMw is omitted. Coordinates are an address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-mcn-new-albany-licking-county-oh",
    "name": "EdgeConneX MCN New Albany (South Campus)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.08878,
      "lon": -82.72274,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 224
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-16",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Phase I warehouse conversion (80 MW) underway; Phase II (two new 72 MW buildings) proposed. Ohio TCA sales-tax exemption approved Oct 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=UPPER(OwnerName)+LIKE+'%25EDGECONNEX%25'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (EdgeConneX MCN New Albany South PropCo 2 + North PropCo 1 parcels; anchor 9850 Innovation Campus Way, 33.86 ac, \"Industrial Warehouses\")",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gongwer-oh.com/public/EDGECONNEX_INC_Scope.pdf",
        "label": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority — Exhibit I Scope of Work, EdgeConneX MCN New Albany South Opco 1 LLC (Phase I 80 MW, Phase II 2×72 MW)",
        "publisher": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority / Gongwer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/new-albany/edgeconnex-plans-more-than-1-million-square-feet-of-data-centers-in-new-albany/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX plans more than 1 million square feet of data centers in New Albany",
        "publisher": "NBC4 WCMH-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://614now.com/2025/hot-topics/1-billion-data-center-development-buys-136-more-acres-in-new-albany",
        "label": "$1 billion data center development buys 136 more acres in New Albany",
        "publisher": "614NOW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "EdgeConneX's ~$1B multi-phase \"MCN New Albany\" South campus. Per the Ohio Tax Credit Authority scope-of-work filing: Phase I converts a ~525,000 sq ft existing warehouse (9850 Innovation Campus Way) into an 80 MW data center; Phase II proposes two new 72 MW facilities (144 MW) — capacityMw.planned = 224 (80 + 144, IT load). A co-located PowerConneX natural-gas energy center (reported 140–216 MW of generation across sources) is EXCLUDED from capacityMw as on-site generation, not IT load. Footprint spans the South PropCo 2 parcels (~97 ac incl. the built anchor) plus the adjacent North PropCo 1 parcel (3356 Clover Valley Rd NW, 170 ac); ~267 ac combined. \"MCN\" is EdgeConneX's internal project prefix (not publicly decoded). Distinct from EdgeConneX's separate Piper Farms parcel (~5 mi away) and from edgeconnex-ashville-oh (Pickaway County). Public-reception check (2026-09-10): IMPORTANT DISAMBIGUATION: this is EdgeConneX's New Albany/Licking County campus (Innovation Campus Way; Phase 1 120MW, Phase 2 216MW, Phase 3 430MW). It is a SEPARATE EdgeConneX project from the heavily-opposed EdgeConneX proposal in Ashville, Pickaway County, OH (denied annexation 2026-02-02 after packed council meetings and a Change.org petition) -- do not merge that record's contention into this one. For New Albany/Licking County specifically, a land-purchase article (2025, checked 2026-09-10) mentions only general Central Ohio-wide concern that data centers could raise electricity costs, immediately caveated because this project's power comes from dedicated on-site generation (PowerConneX), not the residential grid. No hearing, resident testimony, or official statement specific to this Licking County site was found.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio Tax Credit Authority — 50% data-center sales/use-tax exemption (10-year)",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 267,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-mem01-memphis-tn",
    "name": "EdgeConneX Memphis (EDCMEM01)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.038995,
      "lon": -89.88623,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "4005 S Mendenhall Road",
      "postalCode": "38115",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "16,700 sq ft Edge Data Center with 5,633 sq ft of raised-floor tenant space, supporting 20+ kW per cabinet and 600+ W per sq ft, N+1 PDUs/UPS/generators; ENERGY STAR certified.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=1930",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 1930 — EdgeConneX Memphis (EDCMEM01), 4005 S Mendenhall Rd, Memphis",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/memphis-tn/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX Memphis (MEM01) facility specifications",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Distinct from the tracked EdgeConneX NAS01 Nashville record (1841 Air Lane Drive, Nashville) — same operator, different metro and building. No MW figure is recorded: EdgeConneX publishes per-cabinet and per-sq-ft density, not a facility IT load.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-mesa-campus-phx11-3302-s-hawes-rd-az",
    "name": "EdgeConneX Mesa Campus (PHX11 / 3302 S Hawes Rd)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3520091,
      "lon": -111.6475291,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "8604 East Elliot Road",
      "postalCode": "85212",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/edgeconnex-files-for-new-1-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-in-mesa-arizona/",
        "label": "DatacenterDynamics: EdgeConneX files for new 1M sq ft data center campus in Mesa, Arizona",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1015704066",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1015704066",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Candidate labeled 'PHX02' but no official EdgeConneX page uses that code; press/industry sources refer to this Mesa campus as PHX11. Under construction per DCD and ConnectCRE reporting, targeting >1M sq ft across 3 buildings, on-site substation, completion target ~2027. Official name resolved to the address-based description rather than an unverified 'PHX02' label.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-msp01-eden-prairie-mn",
    "name": "EdgeConneX Minneapolis (EDCMSP01)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.878844,
      "lon": -93.404156,
      "city": "Eden Prairie",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "6875 Shady Oak Road",
      "postalCode": "55344",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Registered as an active facility by EdgeConneX Inc. in the PeeringDB industry registry.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — EdgeConneX Minneapolis (EDCMSP01), 6875 Shady Oak Road, Eden Prairie MN 55344",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=6875+Shady+Oak+Road%2C+Eden+Prairie%2C+MN&format=json&limit=2&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — 6875 Shady Oak Road, Eden Prairie, Hennepin County, MN 55344",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Capacity and square footage are deliberately unset: EdgeConneX's own Minneapolis data sheet PDF could not be parsed this session, and the circulating 32,738 sq ft / 2.5 MW figures come only from third-party directories that were not read directly.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-nas01-nashville-tn",
    "name": "EdgeConneX NAS01 Nashville",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1449104,
      "lon": -86.703549,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "street": "1841 Air Lane Drive, Building 3",
      "postalCode": "37210",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260802162755/https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/nashville-tn/",
        "label": "NAS01 Nashville Data Center",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX (archived)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/edgeconnex-nashville",
        "label": "EdgeConneX Nashville",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=1924",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 1924 — EdgeConneX Nashville (EDCNAS01), 1841 Air Lane Dr Building 3, Nashville, TN 37210",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral edge colocation facility, short code EDCNAS01. EdgeConneX's own page states a 42,500 sq ft facility with 9,355 sq ft of raised floor for tenant racks, within 4 miles of downtown Nashville and 4.5 miles of Nashville International Airport, and that NAS01 earned ENERGY STAR certification from the EPA. It does NOT state a megawatt figure, so no capacityMw is recorded; Baxtel's power and square-footage fields are behind a paywall. Street address (1841 Air Lane Drive, Building 3) comes from Baxtel, not from the operator page. Cooling is described only as a 30-inch raised/under-floor forced-air plenum with N+1 CRACs, which does not settle whether a cooling-water circuit exists, so no water.coolingType is recorded. aiClassification is mixed_use: this is general-purpose edge colocation with no stated AI or GPU workload. EdgeConneX states it holds rights to adjacent space for expansion.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-por01-por02-hillsboro-campus-or",
    "name": "EdgeConneX POR01/POR02 (Hillsboro campus)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5564226,
      "lon": -122.9122077,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "6501 Northeast Bennett Street",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/portland-or/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX official locations page - Portland",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1019812125",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1019812125",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Official page lists POR01 and POR02 as operational (POR03 planned) on this campus; OSM point likely maps to one or both existing operational buildings. Codes POR01/POR02, Tier-3, ENERGY STAR + UL 2799 certified.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-sac01-ca",
    "name": "EdgeConneX SAC01",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.5922987,
      "lon": -121.27744,
      "city": "Rancho Cordova",
      "county": "Sacramento",
      "street": "10980 Gold Center Drive",
      "postalCode": "95670",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/sacramento-ca/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX official locations page - Sacramento",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/933393863",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/933393863",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via official page: facility code SAC01, 28,500 sq ft (6,500 sq ft raised floor), ENERGY STAR + UL 2799 certified, rooftop solar.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "SMUD"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-sdg01-ca",
    "name": "EdgeConneX SDG01",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8423554,
      "lon": -117.1694226,
      "city": "San Diego",
      "county": "San Diego",
      "street": "5761 Copley Drive",
      "postalCode": "92111",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/san-diego-ca/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX official locations page - San Diego",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/31803515",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/31803515",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via EdgeConneX's own San Diego location page: facility code SDG01, operational, ENERGY STAR certified, 9,477 sq ft (2,386 sq ft raised floor).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-sli01-slidell-la",
    "name": "EdgeConneX SLI01 (Slidell)",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.287098,
      "lon": -89.737403,
      "city": "Slidell",
      "county": "St. Tammany",
      "street": "2070 Gause Blvd E",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/locations/americas/new-orleans-la/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX New Orleans (SLI01) location page",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Slidell+Louisiana&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Slidell, LA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=New%20Orleans",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 11786 (New Orleans)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Operator facility ID SLI01, marketed under the \"New Orleans\" metro but physically sited in Slidell, St. Tammany Parish — \"Within 30 miles of Downtown New Orleans\" per the operator’s own page, which gives no street address. Street address and coordinates CONFIRMED 2026-09-10 against PeeringDB facility 11786 \"EdgeConneX New Orleans (EDCSLI01)\" at 2070 Gause Blvd E; these replace the earlier city-level Slidell geocode. Precision remains approximate — PeeringDB coordinates are address-geocoded, not a surveyed parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeconnex-west-valley-city-ut",
    "name": "EdgeConneX SLC01",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.69679,
      "lon": -111.9867,
      "city": "West Valley City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvc-ut.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/3376",
        "label": "West Valley City Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget, FY2023-24 — project-area tax-increment ledger",
        "publisher": "West Valley City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. West Valley City's Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget itemizes every currently active RDA/CRA project area by name with no boundary description resolving to 2302 S President's Dr, and no line item, city filing, or state record names EdgeConneX. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgecore-culpeper-tech-zone-va",
    "name": "EdgeCore Culpeper Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.4735,
      "lon": -77.96,
      "city": "Culpeper",
      "county": "Culpeper",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 216
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-07-18",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-07-18",
        "note": "EdgeCore announced acquisition of 120 acres in the Culpeper Technology Zone for a 1.4 million sq ft campus, initially supporting 216 MW of critical IT load with potential expansion to 432 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/edgecore-digital-infrastructure-announces-new-hyperscale-data-center-market-in-culpeper-virginia",
        "label": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure Announces New Hyperscale Data Center Market in Culpeper, Virginia",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "120 acres inside the 690-acre Culpeper Technology Zone, about 60 miles from Ashburn. capacityMw.planned records the initial 216 MW critical IT load; the 432 MW figure is a potential expansion, not a committed build. Distinct from the already-tracked Red Ace Data Center in Culpeper County (different operator and site) and from EdgeCore's tracked Shannon Hill campus in Louisa County. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Culpeper Technology Zone.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "Initial power delivery expected in early 2028."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Air-cooled, closed-loop system; operator states a water usage effectiveness rating below 0.01 L/kWh."
    },
    "landAcres": 120,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgecore-mesa-az",
    "name": "EdgeCore Mesa Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.375,
      "lon": -111.6497,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 450,
      "operational": 206
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-01",
        "note": "Initial campus operational; first $150M, 180,000 sq ft building serving hyperscale AI and cloud clients"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "43.87-acre expansion adds three buildings, raising planned total to 450MW and 3.1M sq ft; PH02 topped out December 2024, expected fully operational 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Campus returned to fully-operational status after the 2025 expansion phase: EdgeCore states it has \"worked quickly to construct and commission 206 MW at the site\" of a campus now planned for over 450 MW. The 206 MW is cumulative commissioned capacity across phases (the first building has been operational since 2023), not a single phase; remaining expansion buildings are still under construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/edgecore-digital-infrastructure-announces-expansion-of-its-metro-phoenix-data-center-market-to-over-450-mw/",
        "label": "EdgeCore Announces Metro Phoenix Expansion to 450MW",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/edgecore-expands-mesa-data-center-campus-in-arizona/",
        "label": "EdgeCore expands Mesa data center campus in Arizona",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbigmedia.com/real-estate/edgecore-expands-mesa-data-center-campus-to-over-450-mw/",
        "label": "EdgeCore expands Mesa data center campus to over 450 MW",
        "publisher": "AZ Big Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Elliot Road Technology Corridor, Mesa. CEO stated 'Greater Phoenix is fast becoming the AI center of the West.' Expansion land purchase adds 43.87 acres to 40-acre original site. EdgeCore raised $2B equity and $2B debt in 2024. Coordinates approximate for Elliot Road corridor. Arizona's data-center sales/use-tax exemption (A.R.S. Sec. 41-1519) applies by statute, but no campus-specific certified award was publicly verifiable (eligibility != confirmed award); the $150M cited is first-building capex and the $2B equity + $2B debt EdgeCore raised in 2024 is corporate financing, not Mesa-campus capex.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)",
      "notes": "Air-cooled closed-loop chilled water system; direct-to-chip liquid cooling available for high-density AI racks"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Air-cooled design requires no water recharge; closed-loop chilled water system"
    },
    "landAcres": 84,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "EdgeCore's Mesa campus (Elliot Road Technology Corridor) has operated since 2023 and expanded without documented project-specific opposition; the CEO framed Greater Phoenix as 'the AI center of the West.' Broader metro-Phoenix water and power scrutiny applies at the sector level.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgecore-reno-campus-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "EdgeCore Reno Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5429755,
      "lon": -119.4851422,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "3000 NV-439",
      "postalCode": "89434",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 216
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-08-10",
        "note": "EdgeCore announced the purchase of 136 acres in the greater Reno market for a campus capable of supporting over 400 MW of critical load.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "EdgeCore reported active construction under way on the first of three data centers at the Greater Reno campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/locations/reno-data-center",
        "label": "EdgeCore Reno data center campus - 56 acres, 216 MW critical IT load across three buildings in the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/edgecore-digital-infrastructure-announces-development-of-reno-nevada-data-center-campus",
        "label": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure announces development of Reno, Nevada data center campus",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/edgecore-reno",
        "label": "EdgeCore Reno data center - 3000 NV-439, under construction",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NV&limit=200",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry (Nevada) - EdgeCore Reno 1, org EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure, 3000 USA Parkway, McCarran 89434",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ndep.nv.gov/uploads/documents/ap7374-4772_AC12456-class-ii-aqop.pdf",
        "label": "NDEP Class II Air Quality Operating Permit AP7374-4772 issued to MECP1 Reno 1, LLC (RNO1), 3000 USA Parkway, McCarran NV 89437 - Storey County, 126 diesel emergency generators plus 2 fire pumps",
        "publisher": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Three hyperscale buildings totalling nearly 1 million sq ft at roughly 72 MW each. Sources diverge on framing: the 2023 announcement describes 136 acres in 'north Reno' supporting 400+ MW, while EdgeCore's current location page describes a 56-acre, 216 MW developed phase in the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center (Storey County). The current page is treated as authoritative for the developed campus; the larger land position is recorded here rather than as capacity.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "EdgeCore states a flexible cooling design supporting both air-cooled and direct-to-chip liquid-cooled servers, with a WUE rating below 0.01 L/kWh."
    },
    "landAcres": 56,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgecore-shannon-hill-louisa-va",
    "name": "EdgeCore Shannon Hill Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.836,
      "lon": -77.988,
      "county": "Louisa",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06-24",
        "note": "EdgeCore purchased 697 acres in the Shannon Hill Regional Business Park from Louisa County ($42M) to develop a 3.9M sq ft, 1.1+ GW campus (~$17B).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/edgecore-to-develop-11gw-data-center-in-louisa-county-virginia/",
        "label": "EdgeCore to develop 1.1GW data center in Louisa County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/17b-louisa-county-data-center-edgecore/",
        "label": "EdgeCore to invest $17B in Louisa County data center campus",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.louisacounty.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=470",
        "label": "Louisa County Sale of Shannon Hill Regional Business Park",
        "publisher": "Louisa County, VA (government)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/new-louisa-county-virginia-data-center-campus",
        "label": "EdgeCore announces plans to invest $17B+ in Louisa County, VA (1.1+ GW campus)",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/edgecore-shannon-hill-campus",
        "label": "EdgeCore: Shannon Hill Campus Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/new-louisa-county-virginia-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure Announces Plans to Invest $17B+ in Louisa County, VA through the Development of 1.1+ Gigawatt Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "697-acre / 3.9M sq ft high-density campus in Shannon Hill Regional Business Park, Louisa County, less than 1 mile from I-64 Exit 148 (Shannon Hill). Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Shannon Hill interchange, not a parcel-confirmed point. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Shannon Hill Regional Business Park was rezoned for tech-sector use in 2019, years before EdgeCore's 2025 project announcement, so the campus is permitted by-right and did not trigger a new public rezoning hearing. A July 2025 Louisa County opposition wave (see aws-north-creek-technology-campus-louisa-va) explicitly named EdgeCore Shannon Hill as a separate, not-yet-controversial project at that time. No hearing record, resident objection, or support statement specific to Shannon Hill was found. Checked: DCD's original announcement piece (403'd, could not fetch directly) plus search-indexed coverage confirming the by-right/2019-rezoning status.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Reported closed-loop air-cooled system."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 17000000000,
    "landAcres": 697,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "edgecore-silicon-valley-santa-clara-ca",
    "name": "EdgeCore Silicon Valley Campus (Laurelwood Data Center)",
    "operator": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3832941,
      "lon": -121.9624766,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2201 Laurelwood Road",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Operator lists the Santa Clara campus as a delivered Silicon Valley location; campus totals 72 MW of critical IT load across two buildings at full build-out.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edgecore.com/locations/silicon-valley-data-center",
        "label": "Silicon Valley Data Centers — EdgeCore",
        "publisher": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2019089107/2",
        "label": "Laurelwood Data Center — Mitigated Negative Declaration (SCH 2019089107)",
        "publisher": "California Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (CEQAnet)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/laurelwood-data-center",
        "label": "Laurelwood Data Center (19-SPPE-01)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=2201%20Laurelwood%20Road%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 2201 Laurelwood Road, Santa Clara, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Two data center buildings totalling over 540,000 sq ft. The CEQA filing gives the site as 13 acres between Juliette Lane and Laurelwood Road; the operator's page says 12 acres — recorded neither as landAcres because the two sourced figures disagree.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 19-SPPE-01 (Laurelwood Data Center, applicant MECP1 Santa Clara 1, LLC): 56 standby diesel-fired generators rated 3.0 MW each and an on-site 60 kV substation, for a maximum electrical load of 99 MW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Operator describes \"generator-backed air cooling and adiabatic dry coolers\" with support for direct-to-chip liquid-cooled servers, and states a WUE below 0.01. Classified hybrid because adiabatic dry coolers alternate between dry and evaporatively-assisted operation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-atlanta-tilford-yard-ga",
    "name": "Edged Atlanta (ATL01)",
    "operator": "Edged Energy (Endeavour)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.749,
      "lon": -84.388,
      "city": "Atlanta",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "street": "1800 Thomas Street NW",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 168,
      "operational": 27
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-08-21",
        "note": "Grand opening of the first building on the campus, built on the former Tilford Yard site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/edged-data-centers-celebrates-grand-opening-of-new-ultra-efficient-sustainable-data-center-in-atlanta-302228778.html",
        "label": "Edged Data Centers Celebrates Grand Opening of New Ultra-Efficient, Sustainable Data Center in Atlanta",
        "publisher": "Edged Energy via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "First of three planned buildings on the campus; building one is 27 MW, full campus planned at 168 MW. Supports up to 70 kW/rack air-cooled and 200 kW/rack with liquid cooling.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "ThermalWorks waterless cooling; the company claims roughly 664 million gallons/year avoided versus a comparable conventionally water-cooled facility."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-aurora-il",
    "name": "Edged Chicago Campus — Aurora (ORD01)",
    "operator": "Edged US",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.79,
      "lon": -88.284,
      "city": "Aurora",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "First 24 MW building (ORD01-1) opened February 27, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Groundbreaking for second AI-focused building November 2025; scheduled for Q2 2027 operational status",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edged.us/news/edged-us-expands-chicagoland-campus",
        "label": "Edged US Expands Chicagoland Campus with Second AI Data Center Groundbreaking",
        "publisher": "Edged US",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nprillinois.org/2026-03-26/aurora-passes-some-of-the-strongest-data-center-regulations-in-illinois",
        "label": "Aurora passes some of the strongest data center regulations in Illinois",
        "publisher": "NPR Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address: 2835 Bilter Rd, Aurora IL (DuPage County). Total campus planned at 96 MW across three buildings. Explicitly purpose-built for high-density AI workloads. Coordinates approximate for Bilter Rd area of north Aurora; address confirmed in operator press release. A confirmed capex figure of ~$300M covers the first building (ORD01-1) only, not the ~96 MW three-building campus; construction-workforce figures (~2,000 full campus) are projections. No Illinois DCEO data-center exemption certification was found for Edged.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "Grid-connected; proprietary waterless cooling eliminates cooling-related energy overhead"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "ThermalWorks liquid-to-chip cooling exceeding 200 kW per rack; zero water consumption for cooling; saves 277M+ gallons annually vs conventional data centers"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Aurora officials approved the Edged campus (rezoning + preliminary plan) and the state EDC lists it as an economic-development win, but city-wide data-center concern led Aurora to pass some of Illinois's strongest data-center regulations in March 2026 (sound limits, resource-consumption reporting, mandatory council approval, a prior moratorium). No Edged-specific organized opposition identified.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-columbus-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "Edged Columbus",
    "operator": "Edged (an Endeavour company)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.10608,
      "lon": -82.81578,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Grand opening Sept 10-11, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=UPPER(OWNERNME1)+LIKE+'%25EDGED%25'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Franklin County parcel/GIS record (parcel 222-002127 — EDGED COLUMBUS LLC, 7600 W Campus Blvd, use-class \"data center\")",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edged.us/news/columbus-grand-opening",
        "label": "Edged US Opens Ultra-Efficient Data Center Built for AI Training and Inference in Ohio's Silicon Heartland",
        "publisher": "Edged US",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bluewaterhealthyliving.com/news/national-news/ohio/new-albany-welcomes-246-million-edged-data-center-promising-water-energy-efficiency/",
        "label": "New Albany welcomes $246 million Edged Data Center promising water, energy efficiency",
        "publisher": "Columbus Dispatch (syndicated)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "Operational since its September 10-11, 2025 grand opening. 206,000 sq ft, two-story, 14-acre site with 24 MW of critical (IT) capacity per Edged's own release. Purpose-built for AI training and inference; supports up to 70 kW/rack air-cooled and 200 kW/rack liquid-cooled. Uses the ThermalWorks waterless cooling system (design PUE ~1.15). Adjacent parcel 222-001945 (7270 New Albany-Condit Rd, commercial vacant land) is future expansion land, not part of this operational record.",
    "investmentUsd": 246000000,
    "landAcres": 14,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.15,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-council-bluffs-ia",
    "name": "Edged Council Bluffs Data Center Campus (Project Lola)",
    "operator": "Edged Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.278141,
      "lon": -95.7940246,
      "city": "Council Bluffs",
      "county": "Pottawattamie",
      "street": "2801 College Road",
      "postalCode": "51503",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-04",
        "note": "Two-building campus under construction on the east side of Council Bluffs off Kanesville Boulevard between Iowa Western Community College and I-80; completion planned for 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.3newsnow.com/council-bluffs/council-bluffs-project-lola-data-center-reduced-in-size-still-planned-near-iowa-western",
        "label": "Council Bluffs 'Project Lola' data center reduced in size, still planned near Iowa Western",
        "publisher": "3 News Now (KMTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/edged-energy-council-bluffs-campus",
        "label": "Edged Energy: Council Bluffs Campus (Project Lola)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Two buildings of 285,445 sq ft each (570,000 sq ft total) plus an administrative building. The plan was amended down from two 80-foot-tall halls totaling roughly 900,000 sq ft to 36-foot-3-inch buildings; the Council Bluffs city council approved the amendment unanimously. Reporting differs on power delivery — the amended plan is described both as requiring a MidAmerican Energy substation on site and as using two owner-operated substations plus a switchyard — so no utility or capacity value is recorded. Distinct from Edged's Ankeny facility already tracked.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-dallas-irving-tx",
    "name": "Edged Dallas (Irving)",
    "operator": "Edged Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8211516,
      "lon": -96.9169508,
      "city": "Irving",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "505 North Wildwood Drive",
      "postalCode": "75061",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edged.us/news/edged-dallas-irving",
        "label": "Edged Continues North American Expansion with New, Ultra-Efficient, AI Ready Data Center in Irving, Texas",
        "publisher": "Edged Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "24 MW of critical IT capacity at 505 N Wildwood Drive. The operator cites a portfolio-average PUE of 1.15 and a 74% reduction in energy overhead against a 1.58 global average. A second 24 MW building on the same Irving campus has separately been reported as approved by Irving City Council; that expansion is not recorded here.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "ThermalWorks closed-loop waterless cooling; the operator states the design eliminates water use for cooling and supports up to 70 kW per rack air-cooled or 200 kW per rack with liquid cooling."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-energy-ankeny-ia",
    "name": "Edged Ankeny (Des Moines) Data Center",
    "operator": "Edged Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7297,
      "lon": -93.6058,
      "city": "Ankeny",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "2701 SE 90th Street",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 13.2
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-05-06",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edged.us/news/des-moines-iowa",
        "label": "Edged Breaks Ground on Data Center in Des Moines, Iowa Optimized for Next-Generation AI Training and Inference",
        "publisher": "Edged Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/ankeny-council-to-consider-data-center-development-agreement/",
        "label": "Ankeny council approves data center development agreement",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "AI-focused colocation developer (not a Big-5 hyperscaler) building a waterless-cooled, high-density facility at 9100 SE Four Mile Drive, Ankeny (address confirmed via secondary aggregators; coordinates are city-level, not parcel-geocoded — mark approximate). Design PUE 1.15 portfolio-wide; ThermalWorks closed-loop cooling claims >52M gal/yr water savings vs conventional. Third-party trade press (Site Selection Magazine, via search only — not independently fetched) cited a $187M investment and a 105,000 sq ft building; not included here since I couldn't confirm those two figures on a page I fetched myself. Also be aware: a 2024 DCD article (403'd on fetch, so NOT used as a source) described a much larger 'I-80 Commerce Center' two-building proposal (~535K + ~775K sq ft) at what looks like the same general site/intersection under 'Commerce Center LLC' — possibly an earlier or future-phase master plan for the same park. Could not verify, so this record covers ONLY the confirmed Edged 13.2MW project. Worth a follow-up pass to see if the 13.2MW figure has grown, since news headlines referenced the building having since 'topped out.'",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0,
      "notes": "Closed-loop, air-based ThermalWorks waterless cooling; Edged projects it will save more than 52 million gallons of water annually versus a similar-sized conventional data center. Supports up to 70 kW/rack air-cooled, 200 kW/rack with plug-and-play liquid integration."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Tax increment financing (five-year sliding scale)",
        "amountUsd": 2000000,
        "jurisdiction": "City of Ankeny",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 187000000,
    "landAcres": 17.5,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 22,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-gateway-prichard-al",
    "name": "Edged Prichard Data Center (Project Gateway)",
    "operator": "Edged US",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.7387998,
      "lon": -88.0788889,
      "city": "Prichard",
      "county": "Mobile",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://projectgatewayal.com/",
        "label": "Project Gateway | Sustainable Data Center Development in Prichard, AL (developer's project site)",
        "publisher": "Edged US",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox10tv.com/2026/06/01/proposed-data-center-prichard-draws-mixed-reactions/",
        "label": "Proposed data center in Prichard draws mixed reactions (1 June 2026)",
        "publisher": "FOX10 News (WALA)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Prichard%2C+Mobile+County%2C+Alabama&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of Prichard, Mobile County, Alabama (municipal centroid)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Developer site states verbatim: \"8MW, 57,000 SF building – roughly the size of a football field\", \"$93 million investment in the local community\", \"150–200 construction jobs supported during an approximately 18-month construction period\", \"20 permanent full-time positions upon completion\", and \"Approximately $16.7 million in projected annual economic impact, including $8.3 million supporting local schools\". jobs.construction records the LOW end (150) of the stated 150-200 range rather than inventing a midpoint. FOX10 adds the ~20 jobs pay \"over $70,000 annually\". SUBSIDY: no incentive or abatement is mentioned on the developer's project site or in FOX10's coverage; this run did NOT check Prichard or Mobile County records, so that is an unchecked gap, not an audited negative. The $16.7M annual economic impact and $8.3M schools figure are developer projections, not incentives, and are deliberately not recorded as subsidies. STATUS: the developer's own site calls the project \"proposed\" and \"being evaluated\"; no construction start is reported. Coordinates are the Prichard municipal centroid — no street address appears in any fetched source.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer's project site describes a closed-loop waterless cooling system that \"consumes zero water for daily cooling operations\" and is \"projected to save approximately 23 million gallons of water annually\" versus conventional cooling. FOX10 quotes the developer describing a closed-loop system using \"virtually no municipal water once fully operating.\" A recirculating circuit with no daily makeup water ⇒ closed_loop under the cooling decision rule; it is NOT classified as `air` because a water circuit exists (it takes a fill). No withdrawal figure is stated."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 93000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 150,
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "FOX10 (1 June 2026) records residents skeptical mainly about water: \"I haven't heard the most glowing reviews...I'm skeptical\" (Mark Nager) and \"I know using all the water is bad i don't support it\" (Magda DeHeart), with \"largely negative online reactions\" — Prichard has a documented history of water-system problems. Ramsey Sprague of the Mobile Environmental Justice Action Coalition said the proposal \"stands apart from others that have drawn criticism.\" Mayor Carletta Davis committed to \"transparency and open communication with residents.\" A public meeting was set for 11 June 2026 at Prichard City Hall. Recorded as `mixed` rather than `opposed`: the friction is documented but so is qualified support, and no vote or organized opposition group is reported in the sources fetched.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "edged-mesa-az",
    "name": "Edged Mesa Data Center",
    "operator": "Edged US",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4152,
      "lon": -111.8315,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04-01",
        "note": "Facility opened; ribbon cutting held April 2, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edged.us/news/edged-us-opens-waterless-ai-ready-data-center-in-the-heart-of-arizonas-silicon-desert-tech-corridor",
        "label": "Edged US Opens Waterless, AI-Ready Data Center in Arizona's Silicon Desert Tech Corridor",
        "publisher": "Edged US",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Operator-stated densities of 400+ kW per rack with liquid cooling and 120+ kW per rack with air cooling support an AI-capable classification, though no named AI tenant is disclosed. PUE, water-savings and density figures are the operator's own claims from its launch release and are not independently verified. Street address not published.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "reportedMgd": 0,
      "notes": "ThermalWorks waterless cooling. Operator states zero water used for cooling and roughly 138 million gallons a year conserved versus a conventional facility."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.15,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "edgeuno-sju1-san-juan-pr",
    "name": "EdgeUno SJU1",
    "operator": "EdgeUno, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 18.43004,
      "lon": -66.05873,
      "city": "San Juan",
      "street": "17 Calle Prudencio Rivera Martinez",
      "state": "PR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/7158",
        "label": "EdgeUno Datacenter San Juan Puerto Rico (SJU1) — PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://edgeuno.com/locations/",
        "label": "EdgeUno — Locations (SJU1)",
        "publisher": "EdgeUno, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation / interconnection facility hosting the PR-IX (Puerto Rico Internet Exchange), 30 connected networks per its PeeringDB listing at retrieval. General-purpose colocation floor inside a larger building (3rd piso per the address); no AI/GPU-specific capacity claimed by any source fetched, so aiClassification is omitted deliberately. Coordinates are the facility's own PeeringDB listing; an independent Nominatim cross-check returned no result this session (environmental, not a disproof), so precision is left 'approximate'.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "edpr-ragsdale-solar-madison-ms",
    "name": "Ragsdale Solar Park",
    "operator": "EDP Renewables North America",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.551,
      "lon": -90.0097,
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "EDPR NA announced the park went operational in late Q4 2024, delivering into Entergy Mississippi's transmission system.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://edp.com/en/north-america/na/media/edp-renewables-north-america-launches-ragsdale-solar-park-mississippi",
        "label": "EDP Renewables North America Launches Ragsdale Solar Park in Mississippi in Collaboration with Amazon",
        "publisher": "EDP Renewables",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/document/2025-06/MS%20Ragsdale%20Solar%20Park%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf",
        "label": "MS Ragsdale Solar Park Fact Sheet — 100 MW, Madison County, online since 2024",
        "publisher": "EDP Renewables North America",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Ragsdale_Solar",
        "label": "Ragsdale Solar — Global Solar Power Tracker (Madison County, MS; 100 MWac; operating 2024)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Jobs are the fact sheet's own per-project figures ('100+ jobs created' during construction, '3 jobs created' permanent); the construction number is a stated floor, recorded as 100. Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate — no parcel coordinate was published by EDPR.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "Amazon has contracted for all 100 MW under a 15-year power purchase agreement; the project 'will provide power directly into Entergy Mississippi's transmission system.'"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 100,
      "permanent": 3,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Amazon",
      "notes": "Sited south of Canton, Mississippi. Development began in 2016 under Acadian Renewable Energy (a SunChase Power / Eolian joint venture); EDPR NA acquired the project in early 2022 and completed it. EDPR's fact sheet gives $50 million total project impact, $34.6 million to be paid to local governments, $15+ million to landowners and $2+ million spent locally over the life of the project."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "element-critical-austin-one-tx",
    "name": "Element Critical Austin One",
    "operator": "Element Critical",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.3428035,
      "lon": -97.6961735,
      "city": "Austin",
      "county": "Travis",
      "street": "8025 North Interstate Highway 35 Service Road",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://elementcritical.com/data-centers/austin-data-center/",
        "label": "Element Critical facility directory",
        "publisher": "Element Critical",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/384396017",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/384396017",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via operator's own official facility page and current brochure PDF (elementcritical.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/...). Address 8025 N Interstate Hwy 35, Austin, TX 78753. 5MW, 62,300 sq ft.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "element-critical-chicago-one-il",
    "name": "Element Critical Chicago One",
    "operator": "Element Critical",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9757324,
      "lon": -87.9646913,
      "city": "Wood Dale",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "street": "711 North Edgewood Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60191",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://elementcritical.com/data-centers/chicago-one/",
        "label": "Element Critical facility directory",
        "publisher": "Element Critical",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/384690290",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/384690290",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed via operator's own facility page. Address 711 N. Edgewood Avenue, Wood Dale, IL. Operator markets '30 years never down' track record. Distinct site from Chicago Two.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "element-critical-chicago-two-il",
    "name": "Element Critical Chicago Two",
    "operator": "Element Critical",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9742269,
      "lon": -87.9671756,
      "city": "Wood Dale",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "street": "341 Haynes Drive",
      "postalCode": "60191",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://elementcritical.com/data-centers/chicago-two/",
        "label": "Element Critical facility directory",
        "publisher": "Element Critical",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/377212693",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/377212693",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via operator's own facility page. Address 341 Haynes Drive, Wood Dale, IL — distinct street address from Chicago One, so not a duplicate of osm_id 384690290. 2N redundant colo, 5MW, 26,000 sq ft raised floor.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "elizabeth-solar-allen-parish-la",
    "name": "Elizabeth Solar Project",
    "operator": "Opdenergy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.81981,
      "lon": -92.971755,
      "city": "Elizabeth",
      "county": "Allen",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 125
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Entergy's renewable portfolio lists Elizabeth Solar Facility (125 MW, PPA) with a 2024 commercial operation / start of delivery date; an official opening ceremony was held June 23, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://americanpress.com/2026/06/23/elizabeth-solar-project-expected-to-bring-millions-in-long-term-economic-benefits-to-allen-parish/",
        "label": "Elizabeth Solar Project expected to bring millions in long-term economic benefits to Allen Parish",
        "publisher": "American Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 66111, Elizabeth Solar Plant)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The EIA-derived record names the plant owner as Horus Louisiana 1, LLC and lists 142.8 MW installed (DC); Entergy's portfolio and local reporting state 125 MW under the PPA. The parish receives a guaranteed annual payment of $395,000 for 40 years.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "Output is sold to Entergy Louisiana under a long-term power purchase agreement."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 150000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "296,293 modules on former timber land off Monroe Baggett Road, between Elizabeth and Grant, south of La. 112."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "elk-river-capital-swervo-mn",
    "name": "Elk River Data Center (Elk River Capital / Swervo Development)",
    "operator": "Elk River Capital LLC (Swervo Development Corp affiliate)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.3187147,
      "lon": -93.5864375,
      "city": "Elk River",
      "county": "Sherburne",
      "street": "19178 Industrial Blvd NW",
      "postalCode": "55330",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 33
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/data_centers/across_america/minnesota-elk-river-data-center-developer-withdraws-application/article_61f12c2b-f46b-46e4-8ad9-bd0f86d3ff60.html",
        "label": "MINNESOTA: Elk River data center developer withdraws application",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/07/07/elk-river-rejects-changing-rules-to-allow-data-centers",
        "label": "MPR News — Elk River rejects changing rules to allow data centers (2026-07-07): council rejected the ordinance amendment; residents cited noise, energy use, diesel generator pollution and health impacts; staff directed to draft a one-year moratorium",
        "publisher": "MPR News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Proposed converting a vacant, ~62,000 sq ft former injection-molding building into a 33MW data center. Elk River City Council unanimously rejected the zoning amendment 2026-07-06; the developer withdrew its application shortly after.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Public hearings on the proposed conversion of a 60,000-square-foot industrial building were dominated by opposition. The City Council rejected the zoning-ordinance changes that would have permitted data centers in industrial zones, anticipated denying the permit at its 2026-08-03 meeting, and directed staff to draft a one-year moratorium; the developer then withdrew its application. Resident objections centred on noise, energy consumption, diesel generator emissions and health impacts on nearby homes and schools.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "elkhorn-ridge-wind-knox-ne",
    "name": "Elkhorn Ridge Wind Farm",
    "operator": "Nebraska Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6909,
      "lon": -97.6252,
      "city": "Bloomfield",
      "county": "Knox",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 81
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2009-03",
        "note": "Nebraska DWEE records a March 2009 online date; Global Energy Monitor records 2009 commissioning.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Elkhorn_Ridge_wind_farm",
        "label": "Elkhorn Ridge wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "81 MW in both sources. Nebraska DWEE lists NPPD, OPPD, MEAN, Lincoln Electric System and the City of Grand Island as offtakers; GEM records NPPD as 100% owner with Edison Mission Group as operator. Ownership of operating Nebraska wind is frequently restructured — verify the current operator before relying on it.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "elysian-partners-fairview-crossroads-fairview-township-york-pa",
    "name": "Fairview Crossroads Data Center",
    "operator": "Elysian Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1692628,
      "lon": -76.8516507,
      "city": "Fairview Township",
      "county": "York",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-27",
        "note": "Recorded as a proposed project by Boca Raton-based Elysian Partners; the tracker notes no public permit records have been linked to the development yet.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://poweredbywho.com/projects/1efe16d9-b280-4143-b0d2-d3977c162ad8",
        "label": "Fairview Crossroads Data Center (Elysian Partners) - Fairview Township, PA",
        "publisher": "PoweredByWho",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Developer is Elysian Partners, a Boca Raton, Florida commercial and industrial real estate firm. The source records no capacity figure and no geocoded parcel; the coordinate here is a township-centroid geocode. Reported acreage (80), square footage (750,000) and investment ($500 million) figures appeared only in search summaries and paywalled or 403-blocked pages this session and are deliberately not asserted as fields.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "emerald-lakes-etheridge-lakes-data-center-chesapeake-va",
    "name": "Etheridge Lakes Data Center (Great Bridge)",
    "operator": "Emerald Lakes Estates (Doug Fuller)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.68061281906499,
      "lon": -76.18817902157426,
      "city": "Chesapeake",
      "county": "Chesapeake (independent city)",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-06-17",
        "note": "cancelled per City of Chesapeake Department of Planning, Rezoning Case PLN-REZ-2025-002 (Etheridge Lakes Data Center)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityofchesapeake.net/DocumentCenter/View/23727/PLN-REZ-2025-002---Etheridge-Lakes-Data-Centerpdf",
        "label": "City of Chesapeake Department of Planning, Rezoning Case PLN-REZ-2025-002 (Etheridge Lakes Data Center)",
        "publisher": "City of Chesapeake Department of Planning",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/chesapeake-city-council-rejects-massive-data-center/",
        "label": "Chesapeake City Council rejects massive data center",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chesapeake-city-council-rejects-land-rezoning-proposal-for-virginia-data-center/",
        "label": "Chesapeake City Council rejects land rezoning proposal for Virginia data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/chesapeake/chesapeake-planning-commission-denies-rezoning-application-for-proposed-data-center/291-c2a7a600-49d6-4da3-a042-7f4599c72475",
        "label": "City Planning Commission rejects Chesapeake data center",
        "publisher": "13News Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wavy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/05/PLN-REZ-2025-002-Etheridge-Lakes-Data-Center_1.pdf",
        "label": "PLN-REZ-2025-002 Etheridge Lakes Data Center rezoning application (mirror)",
        "publisher": "WAVY-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "22.6-acre parcel on west side of Centerville Turnpike, south of Etheridge Manor Boulevard, Great Bridge area of Chesapeake. Developer Doug Fuller (Emerald Lakes Estates) sought rezoning from agricultural to light industrial; proposed 350,000 sq ft, 35 ft tall, 24/7 staffed facility. City Council denied the rezoning request unanimously. Separately, in July 2026 the Chesapeake Planning Commission recommended a citywide data-center zoning ordinance/policy (conditional use in industrial districts + Fentress Airfield Overlay only) — this is a POLICY change, not a site-specific candidate, and is not included here. No other active Chesapeake DC site rezoning was found this session. Coordinates are approximate (Centerville Turnpike/Great Bridge area); exact parcel not geocoded from GIS this session. Chesapeake City Council denied the rezoning 7-0 on 2025-06-17 (Planning Commission had recommended denial 6-1). Recorded as a cancelled proposal.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "landAcres": 22.6,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Chesapeake City Council denied the rezoning; project did not proceed."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "emerick-wind-madison-ne",
    "name": "Emerick Wind Farm",
    "operator": "Ørsted",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.891,
      "lon": -97.7176,
      "city": "Emerick",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 322
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Global Energy Monitor records the project as \"announced\" with a planned 2029 commissioning.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Emerick_wind_farm",
        "label": "Emerick wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Single-source (Global Energy Monitor), hence confidence \"reported\". 322 MW, Ørsted (developed originally by Lincoln Clean Energy), planned commissioning 2029. Madison County is one of the three counties (with Wayne and Pierce) a county commissioner named in mid-2026 as being scouted by renewable developers to serve data-center load; Madison County adopted special-permit requirements for data centers in May 2026. Not listed in Nebraska DWEE's wind inventory as of this retrieval — verify against a county zoning filing or an Ørsted release before raising confidence.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "empire-ai-beta-buffalo-ny",
    "name": "Empire AI Beta",
    "operator": "Empire AI consortium (hosted by the University at Buffalo, SUNY)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8949,
      "lon": -78.8677,
      "city": "Buffalo",
      "county": "Erie",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Governor Hochul announced Empire AI Beta fully online.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-announces-empire-ai-beta-fully-online-federal-government-takes-inspiration-new",
        "label": "Governor Hochul Announces Empire AI Beta Fully Online as Federal Government Takes Inspiration From New York to Launch State and Regional AI Infrastructure Hubs",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York State",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.buffalo.edu/ubnow/stories/2026/08/empire-ai-beta.html",
        "label": "Empire AI Beta, housed at UB, now fully online",
        "publisher": "University at Buffalo (UBNow)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-announces-40-million-launch-empire-ai-beta-supercomputer",
        "label": "Governor Hochul Announces $40 Million to Launch Empire AI Beta Supercomputer",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York State",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.buffalo.edu/ubnow/stories/2025/06/empire-ai-supercomputing-funding.html",
        "label": "Empire AI, housed at UB, awarded $40 million, Gov. Hochul says",
        "publisher": "University at Buffalo (UBNow)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "New York State-funded public AI supercomputer, the second phase (Beta) of the Empire AI consortium. UB states it is \"housed at the Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences on the medical campus\"; coordinates are geocoded to that building on the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus, hence approximate. Described as \"a $40 million NVIDIA-powered supercomputer\" delivering \"an 11-fold increase in AI training capacity, a 40-fold boost in AI inference and an 8-fold expansion in data storage\" versus Alpha. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): none of the three fetched sources states a GPU count, an IT load or any MW figure, a water/cooling detail, an acreage, or a job count for Beta. Empire AI overall is backed by \"over $500 million in public and private funding\"; that is consortium-wide, not this site, so it is not recorded as investmentUsd. The Alpha phase (launched 2024, Simons Foundation gift) is also housed at UB and is the predecessor system on the same campus, not a separate site. The permanent Gamma facility is tracked separately as empire-ai-gamma-buffalo-ny. This $340M is the consortium-wide state capital commitment (total backing over $500M incl. private/philanthropic funds), covering Empire AI statewide -- not specific to the UB Beta phase. Reported separately from the $40M Beta-specific figure above. Flag for hand review re: attribution to this specific facility record vs. the consortium generally. SUBSIDY SCOPE NOTE (maintainer adjudication 2026-09-10): a $340m consortium-wide state capital commitment (total backing over $500m including private and philanthropic funds) covers Empire AI STATEWIDE and is not attributable to this phase or site. It is deliberately NOT recorded as a site-level `subsidies` entry, because the same figure would otherwise be counted against both the Beta and Gamma records. The phase-specific $40m Beta award IS recorded.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Empire AI state capital funding (Beta-phase NVIDIA supercomputing equipment)",
        "amountUsd": 40000000,
        "jurisdiction": "New York State",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 40000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "empire-ai-gamma-buffalo-ny",
    "name": "Empire AI Gamma",
    "operator": "Empire AI consortium (hosted by the University at Buffalo, SUNY)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8864,
      "lon": -78.8784,
      "city": "Buffalo",
      "county": "Erie",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-announces-empire-ai-beta-fully-online-federal-government-takes-inspiration-new",
        "label": "Governor Hochul Announces Empire AI Beta Fully Online as Federal Government Takes Inspiration From New York to Launch State and Regional AI Infrastructure Hubs",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York State",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.buffalo.edu/ubnow/stories/2026/08/empire-ai-beta.html",
        "label": "Empire AI Beta, housed at UB, now fully online",
        "publisher": "University at Buffalo (UBNow)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Empire AI's permanent, full-scale computing facility. Both fetched sources say \"Construction continues on Empire AI's permanent, full-scale Gamma facility at UB, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2027\" - hence under_construction, but confidence is 'reported' because neither fetched source names a specific building, parcel, or campus (UB has Buffalo and Amherst campuses) and neither gives a construction start date. Coordinates are a Buffalo city-level placeholder, approximate; do NOT treat as a parcel. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): no MW capacity, no dedicated investment figure for Gamma specifically, no acreage, no job count, and no site-level subsidy agreement stated in either source. Same consortium-wide state capital commitment as reported against empire-ai-beta-buffalo-ny -- total backing over $500M incl. private/philanthropic funds, not phase-specific. Flag for hand review re: attribution; this article does not name a Gamma-specific dollar figure. SUBSIDY SCOPE NOTE (maintainer adjudication 2026-09-10): the $340m Empire AI consortium-wide state capital commitment is statewide, not Gamma-specific, and the cited source names no Gamma-specific dollar figure. Deliberately NOT recorded as a site-level `subsidies` entry to avoid counting the same state money against two facility records.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "State and university sources state Gamma integrates \"into University at Buffalo's buildout of a thermal energy network in a closed loop system,\" with \"process heat from Empire AI\" used \"to heat buildings on campus.\" Recorded as closed_loop on the recirculating-circuit rule. No water withdrawal figure is published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "enbridge-cowboy-solar-bess-laramie-county-wy",
    "name": "Cowboy Solar and BESS Project (Phase 1)",
    "operator": "Enbridge Inc.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.14,
      "lon": -104.82,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 365
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Enbridge's public-awareness project page lists Cowboy Solar and BESS as under construction; the company states it has completed public consultation and is obtaining remaining approvals.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.enbridge.com/stories/2026/may/enbridge-meta-expand-partnership-cowboy-project-solar-plus-battery-storage",
        "label": "Enbridge and Meta expand partnership with Cowboy Project",
        "publisher": "Enbridge Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.enbridge.com/projects-and-infrastructure/public-awareness/cowboy-solar-and-bess-project",
        "label": "Cowboy Solar I & II and BESS Project",
        "publisher": "Enbridge Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/enbridge-meta-build-365-mw200-mw-solarstorage-project/820905/",
        "label": "Enbridge, Meta to build 365-MW solar/200-MW storage project",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Located in Laramie County near Cheyenne; Enbridge publishes the county but not a parcel or address, so coordinates are an approximate point for Cheyenne. Expected in service by the end of 2027. Enbridge's project page labels the project under construction while also saying it is still obtaining necessary approvals; the status here follows the operator's own label and should be re-checked.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Cheyenne Light, Fuel and Power",
      "notes": "Paired with a 200 MW / 1,600 MWh battery energy storage system supplied and serviced by Tesla, under a battery tolling agreement. Power is delivered to the offtaker by Cheyenne Light, Fuel and Power, a Black Hills Corp. subsidiary, under Wyoming's Large Power Contract Service tariff."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-cheyenne-wy"
      ],
      "notes": "First phase of the Enbridge-Meta Cowboy Project. Meta has contracted 100% of the facility's output under a long-term power purchase agreement. Enbridge's own project page describes the wider Cowboy Solar development in two phases (400 MW solar with 200 MW/1,600 MWh storage, and 365 MW solar with 133 MW storage); the 365 MW recorded here is the Meta-contracted phase as stated in the May 2026 announcement."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "encore-technologies-blu1-blue-ash-oh",
    "name": "Encore Technologies BLU1 (Blue Ash)",
    "operator": "Encore Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.277612,
      "lon": -84.36949,
      "city": "Blue Ash",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "street": "11515 Grooms Rd",
      "postalCode": "45242",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=OH&limit=200",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Ohio (API query)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Greater Cincinnati colocation facility registered in PeeringDB with building-level coordinates.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "enerfore-pleasant-valley-tioga-nd",
    "name": "Enerfore Pleasant Valley Data Center",
    "operator": "Enerfore Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 48.28,
      "lon": -102.9424,
      "city": "Tioga",
      "county": "Williams",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 30
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kfyrtv.com/2025/02/04/williams-county-commissioners-approve-conditional-use-permit-new-data-center/",
        "label": "Williams County Commissioners approve conditional use permit for new data center",
        "publisher": "KFYR-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sdxcentral.com/news/enerfore-digital-gets-go-ahead-for-data-center-proposal-in-north-dakota/",
        "label": "Enerfore Digital gets go-ahead for data center proposal in North Dakota",
        "publisher": "SDxCentral",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Bismarck-based Enerfore Digital (six ND sites, ~200MW combined per company site) proposed a 20,000 sq ft cryptomining facility on a 10-acre site in Dry Fork Township, Williams County ('Pleasant Valley Data Center'). Initial July 2024 application was denied for sitting inside the county's 1-mile residential setback (three homes nearby); company appealed citing noise-mitigation plans, Williams County Commission granted a temporary bypass in September 2024 to conduct a noise survey, then approved a conditional use permit 4-1 on 2025-02-04 (dissenting commissioner cited landowner-consent concerns). Company targeted operational by end of 2025; no primary source found this pass confirms the facility has actually gone live as of 2026-08, so status is held at under_construction/permitted rather than operational.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "energy-storage-solutions-fayetteville-cumberland-county-nc",
    "name": "Energy Storage Solutions Fayetteville AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Energy Storage Solutions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.053,
      "lon": -78.878,
      "city": "Fayetteville",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Announced as a twin to the Kingsboro campus; part of a combined ~$38B, two-site North Carolina data-center buildout by Energy Storage Solutions.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/build-design/developer-forges-ahead-with-38b-in-nc-data-center-builds",
        "label": "Developer Forges Ahead With $38B in NC Data Centers (Data Center Knowledge)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-16",
    "notes": "Twin project to Kingsboro announced by Energy Storage Solutions; part of a combined ~$38B, two-site NC data-center buildout, each campus with ~a dozen 40,000 sq ft structures and 1,000+ employees. Site-specific details (parcel, acreage, exact coordinates) not yet public; location approximated to the city of Fayetteville.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "energy-storage-solutions-kingsboro-edgecombe-county-nc",
    "name": "Kingsboro AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Energy Storage Solutions",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.941,
      "lon": -77.734,
      "city": "Rocky Mount",
      "county": "Edgecombe",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 900
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Energy Storage Solutions announced a ~$19.2B, 900 MW AI data-center campus at Kingsboro Business Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Edgecombe County amended its Unified Development Ordinance to allow data-center use at Kingsboro Business Park; groundbreaking slated for Q1 2026 once final permits secured.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockymounttelegram.com/news/local/county-oks-amending-ordinance-to-allow-for-a-data-center-at-kingsboro-business-park/article_64e09f70-9b18-48fd-84a9-a6ec6dae950e.html",
        "label": "County OKs amending ordinance to allow for a data center at Kingsboro Business Park (Rocky Mount Telegram)",
        "publisher": "Rocky Mount Telegram",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/build-design/developer-forges-ahead-with-38b-in-nc-data-center-builds",
        "label": "Developer Forges Ahead With $38B in NC Data Centers (Data Center Knowledge)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2026/07/14/rural-nc-data-centers/",
        "label": "AI data center boom meets rural reality in Edgecombe County",
        "publisher": "North Carolina Health News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "$19.2B, 900 MW AI data-center campus on ~155 acres in Kingsboro Business Park between Rocky Mount and Tarboro, Edgecombe County. County cleared the way in Nov 2025 by amending its development ordinance; buildout planned across ~24 phases over 3-5 years. Twin campus announced for Fayetteville.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Planned as a natural-gas-powered campus with an on-site natural gas generation facility and the ability to sell surplus power back to local utilities; roughly $176 million in regional energy infrastructure upgrades is estimated. Residents' opposition has centered on the on-site gas generation and diesel backup rather than grid supply."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 19200000000,
    "landAcres": 155,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Edgecombe County commissioners unanimously approved a zoning-ordinance amendment enabling the Kingsboro project (Nov 2025) with no opposition documented at that hearing; a separate, smaller ESS project at another Tarboro site had been rejected by the town council earlier in 2025 amid resident opposition.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "energy-vault-snyder-scurry-county-tx",
    "name": "Energy Vault Snyder AI Campus",
    "operator": "Energy Vault, Inc.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.7138,
      "lon": -100.9112,
      "city": "Snyder",
      "county": "Scurry",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-27",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-27",
        "note": "Groundbreaking announced."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/energy-vault-breaks-ground-on-ai-data-center-campus-in-snyder-texas",
        "label": "Energy Vault breaks ground on AI Data Center Campus in Snyder, Texas",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Phased buildout: ~8 MW initial phase, ~25 MW phase two, with up to 500 MW long-term expansion planned. Uses Crusoe Spark modular data center units under a commercial agreement with Crusoe Cloud. Target commercial operation Q1 2027.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "energysolutions-kewaunee-new-nuclear-wi",
    "name": "Kewaunee Power Station New Nuclear Project",
    "operator": "EnergySolutions (with WEC Energy Group)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.3419,
      "lon": -87.5369,
      "city": "Carlton",
      "county": "Kewaunee",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "EnergySolutions filed a notice of intent with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and submitted related permit filings, its first major commitment to the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/plans-move-forward-new-nuclear-energy-plant-kewaunee-county-wisconsin",
        "label": "Plans move forward to bring new nuclear energy to Kewaunee County",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Capacity and reactor technology are not published; no MW figure is recorded. Timelines cited range from a decade to 10-15 years, and one critic argues the plant could not meet near-term data center demand at all. Coordinates are the Kewaunee Power Station site. A notice of intent to the NRC is a filing, not an approval or an award — treat as an early-stage lead. Distinct from the separate Cloverleaf data center site inquiry in the same town of Carlton.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Not contracted; developers cite rising Wisconsin demand driven largely by data centers",
      "notes": "New advanced nuclear generation at the retired Kewaunee Power Station site rather than a restart of the 1974-2013 reactor. EnergySolutions is acquiring surrounding land and running site-suitability studies."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "enseva-hiawatha-ia",
    "name": "Enseva Hiawatha Data Center",
    "operator": "Enseva",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0562849,
      "lon": -91.6795571,
      "city": "Hiawatha",
      "county": "Linn County",
      "street": "755 Metzger Drive",
      "postalCode": "52233",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Purpose-built colocation facility at 755 Metzger Drive, Hiawatha, listed as operating with 15,000 sq ft in phase 1 and 2N power infrastructure.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/enseva-hiawatha-data-center/",
        "label": "Enseva - Hiawatha Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "15,000 sq ft in phase 1; cabinet densities 10-30 kW; 200 mph wind-rated prestressed concrete construction. The operator's own site (enseva.com) currently serves an expired TLS certificate and could not be retrieved this session, so the facility directory entry is cited instead. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address to an OpenStreetMap address point. Hiawatha is a separate city adjoining Cedar Rapids; this is not the tracked Ark Data Centers (formerly Involta) record.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator describes a closed-loop chilled water system in a 2N redundant configuration, with free cooling available during winter months."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-arkansas-cypress-solar-battery-jefferson-county-ar",
    "name": "Arkansas Cypress Solar and Battery",
    "operator": "Entergy Arkansas",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.358152,
      "lon": -92.0401416,
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Entergy Arkansas announced and filed the 600 MW solar plus 350 MW battery resource with the Arkansas Public Service Commission to serve Google's $4 billion West Memphis data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09",
        "note": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reporting describes Cypress Solar as one of three new Entergy generation projects already being recovered through a $5.77 monthly residential bill increase that began in June 2026, and describes Google's $526 million payment as funding construction - indicating the Arkansas PSC decision expected in March 2026 went in favor of the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/utility-supply-600-mw-solar-project-350-mw-battery-storage-system-arkansas-data-center",
        "label": "Utility to Supply 600-MW Solar Project, 350-MW Battery Storage System for Arkansas Data Center",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/arkansas-utility-seeks-approval-of-1-4gwh-hybrid-bess-with-financial-support-from-google-as-part-of-data-centre-deal/",
        "label": "Arkansas utility seeks approval of 1.4GWh hybrid BESS, with financial support from Google as part of data centre deal",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/sep/03/googles-contribution-was-at-issue-in-arkansas/",
        "label": "Google's contribution was at issue in Arkansas regulators' review of Entergy contract",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2025/dec/01/entergy-arkansas-estimates-price-for-cyprus-solar/",
        "label": "Entergy Arkansas estimates price for Cypress Solar plant to be $1.6 billion",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Pastoria%2C+Jefferson+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Pastoria, Jefferson County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Pastoria, the community Energy-Storage.news names in its site description ('approximately 3,000 acres of land east of the Arkansas River near Pastoria'); this is a nearest-community approximation across a 3,000-acre footprint, not a site centroid. Sources describe the site position two different ways - 'east of the Arkansas River near Pastoria' and, in other coverage, on the north bank southwest of Wright - so the exact orientation of the tract is NOT settled here. The status is recorded as 'permitted' on the strength of September 2026 reporting that the project is in cost recovery and under construction funding, not on a fetched copy of the PSC order itself; the order was not retrieved in this pass.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Arkansas",
      "notes": "Interconnects to MISO via Entergy's White Bluff 500 kV substation."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1600000000,
    "landAcres": 3000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-west-memphis-ar"
      ],
      "notes": "600 MW solar paired with a 350 MW / 1,400 MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system across approximately 3,000 acres east of the Arkansas River near Pastoria in Jefferson County. Entergy Arkansas sought approval through a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility and Public Need application to the Arkansas Public Service Commission; Google subsidiary Altitude Capital, LLC financially supports the resource through a special rate contract. Google will pay $526 million up front - about one-third of the $1.6 billion cost - plus $190 million for transmission upgrades. Commercial operation scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2028. capacityMw.planned records the 600 MW solar component only; the 350 MW battery is storage, not generation, and is deliberately not added to it."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-bogalusa-west-solar-washington-parish-la",
    "name": "Bogalusa West Solar Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.7910204,
      "lon": -89.8486858,
      "city": "Bogalusa",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lpscpubvalence.lpsc.louisiana.gov/portal/PSC/ViewFile?fileId=kt5JixLAYFY%3D",
        "label": "Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp, Entergy Louisiana (Project Evest), March 2026 — 200 MW storage co-located at ELL's Bogalusa West Solar Facility 'which is under construction'",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The two sources disagree on lifecycle stage — the LPSC filing says under construction, the EIA-derived record still says planned — so status follows the more recent utility filing and the discrepancy is recorded here rather than smoothed over. Coordinates are a Bogalusa geocode, flagged approximate; no parcel coordinate was published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "Entergy-owned solar resource in Washington Parish; Entergy's July 2026 portfolio lists a targeted 2028 commercial operation date."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Single 200 MW solar unit. Entergy's March 2026 Project Evest filing describes the site as under construction and plans to co-locate a 200 MW battery storage facility here; EIA-derived interconnection data lists the station as planned with a proposed operation date of 2028-12-01."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-cypress-harvest-solar-iberville-la",
    "name": "Cypress Harvest Solar Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.2318568,
      "lon": -91.2636506,
      "city": "Plaquemine",
      "county": "Iberville",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Project announced; parish council approval still pending as of July 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wafb.com/2026/07/28/iberville-parish-residents-oppose-entergy-solar-farm-plan-along-hwy-75/",
        "label": "Some Iberville Parish residents oppose Entergy solar farm plan along Hwy. 75",
        "publisher": "WAFB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lpscpubvalence.lpsc.louisiana.gov/portal/PSC/ViewFile?fileId=kt5JixLAYFY%3D",
        "label": "Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp, Entergy Louisiana (Project Evest), March 2026 — 200 MW storage planned at the anticipated Cypress Harvest Solar Facility, Iberville Parish",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a geocode of Milly Plantation Road, one of the two roads the reporting names as the site's bounds, flagged approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "Entergy-owned solar resource; Entergy's July 2026 portfolio lists a targeted 2028 commercial operation date."
    },
    "landAcres": 1660,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents object to converting roughly 1,660 acres of productive sugarcane land; the parish imposed a two-year moratorium on industrial battery energy storage systems in July 2026, and a parish council vote was still pending.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Proposed along Highway 75 from Milly Plantation Road toward Derrick Road on former sugarcane land. Entergy's March 2026 Project Evest filing lists a 200 MW battery storage facility planned to be co-located at this 'anticipated' site."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-delta-blues-greenville-ms",
    "name": "Delta Blues Advanced Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Mississippi",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4101,
      "lon": -91.0618,
      "city": "Greenville",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "85 Stokes King Road",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 754
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Entergy Mississippi broke ground on the 754 MW, $1.2 billion Delta Blues Advanced Power Station in Greenville; the 50-year-old Gerald Andrus Steam Electric Station will be retired when Delta Blues comes online in 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-mississippi-breaks-ground-on-delta-blues-advanced-power-station",
        "label": "Entergy Mississippi breaks ground on Delta Blues Advanced Power Station",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/combined-cycle/entergy-mississippi-breaks-ground-on-754-mw-combined-cycle-plant/",
        "label": "Entergy Mississippi breaks ground on 754 MW combined-cycle plant",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://insight.factset.com/entergy-in-a-new-era-of-data-center-driven-load-growth",
        "label": "Entergy in a New Era of Data Center Driven Load Growth",
        "publisher": "FactSet Insight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/ai_info.aspx?ai=86260",
        "label": "MDEQ Environmental Permits Online — Entergy Mississippi LLC Delta Blues Advanced Power Station (AI 86260)",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Net-new: the dataset's only existing MS power_generation record is the xAI Colossus 2 station in Southaven. MDEQ's permit record (source 3) gives the site address as 85 Stokes King Road, Greenville, MS 38701 (Washington County), but OpenStreetMap has no geocode for that road or for the adjacent Gerald Andrus station, so the coordinates are a Greenville city centroid and precision is 'approximate' — the street is recorded from the permit record, the lat/lon is not. MDEQ permits on file: Air-Construction PSD 2800-00142 issued 2025-04-16; Water-Pretreatment MSP092478 issued 2025-06-02; General Permit-Construction Coverage MSR109494 issued 2025-04-14. Capacity is the planned/nameplate 754 MW; no operational figure exists yet (in-service 2028). Jobs: Entergy says 'more than 300 construction jobs' — 300 recorded as the sourced floor — and 'about 21 full-time personnel'. Confirmed absence: neither Entergy release states a Mississippi PSC docket number; Mississippi's SB2001 (2024) created a pre-certification path for generation tied to large data-processing loads, so this plant advanced WITHOUT the traditional Certificate of Convenience and Necessity (source 2). One of three near-identical Entergy Mississippi combined-cycle stations announced for data-center load (Delta Blues/Greenville, Traceview/Ridgeland, Vicksburg).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "754 MW combined-cycle combustion turbine with dual-fuel capability, designed to support blended hydrogen; replaces the 50-year-old Gerald Andrus Steam Electric Station. Entergy states a $1.2 billion investment, more than 300 construction jobs and approximately 21 full-time operating positions, with in-service expected in 2028."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 300,
      "permanent": 21,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Amazon Web Services",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle combustion turbine with dual-fuel technology; Entergy states it is 'designed to potentially support blended hydrogen in the future.' The offtaker attribution comes from source 2 (FactSet Insight), which states the plant is 'a combined-cycle plant serving AWS through a confidential long-term agreement' — Entergy's own release (source 0) does not name a customer and frames the plant as serving its 45-county service area."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-delta-solar-bolivar-ms",
    "name": "Delta Solar",
    "operator": "Entergy Mississippi",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.794,
      "lon": -90.7139,
      "county": "Bolivar",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 80
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Listed in Entergy's July 2026 renewable portfolio as company-owned with a targeted 2027 commercial operation date; Global Energy Monitor records the project as announced.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026 — Delta Solar, 80 MW, Solar, Owned, Entergy Mississippi, Bolivar County, MS, 2027 (targeted)",
        "publisher": "Entergy Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Delta_Solar_Plant_solar_farm",
        "label": "Delta Solar Plant solar farm — Global Solar Power Tracker (80 MWac, Entergy Mississippi LLC, announced, 2027 planned)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate; they fall just north of Cleveland, Mississippi, consistent with reporting that Entergy is siting the project at a former plant site there. GEM's page header mislabels the state as Louisiana while giving Bolivar County — Bolivar County is in Mississippi and the coordinates fall in Mississippi, so MS is recorded here. No acreage, investment or jobs figure was published in either source read, so those fields are omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Entergy's July 2026 renewable portfolio lists Delta Solar as 80 MW, Solar, Owned, Entergy Mississippi, Bolivar County, MS, 2027 (targeted)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-franklin-farms-power-station-la",
    "name": "Franklin Farms Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.477149,
      "lon": -91.632333,
      "city": "Holly Ridge",
      "county": "Richland",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Entergy Louisiana broke ground on the first two combined-cycle combustion turbine units after expedited Louisiana Public Service Commission approval in August 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-breaks-ground-on-new-state-of-the-art-generation-facilities-to-power-reliability-growth-and-innovation",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana breaks ground on new generation facilities",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/entergy-louisiana-breaks-ground-on-new-state-of-the-art-generation-facilities-to-power-reliability-growth-and-innovation",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana breaks ground on new generation facilities (LED)",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/entergy-breaks-ground-on-two-natural-gas-plants-for-metas-2gw-data-center-in-richland-parish-louisiana/",
        "label": "Entergy breaks ground on two natural gas plants for Meta's Richland Parish data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Franklin_Farms_power_station",
        "label": "Franklin Farms power station",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nola.com/news/environment/meta-entergy-louisiana-data-center-power/article_1fa0f203-cbb3-4736-8ec0-a67867934472.html",
        "label": "Louisiana regulators advance Entergy power plants for Meta data center",
        "publisher": "NOLA.com / The Times-Picayune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/entergy-louisiana-eyes-2-2-gw-of-new-gas-fired-generation-to-support-data-center-demand/",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana Eyes 2.2 GW of New Gas-Fired Generation to Support Data Center Demand",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Two natural-gas combined-cycle combustion turbine units totaling ~1,500 MW at the state-owned Franklin Farms site near Holly Ridge in Richland Parish, dedicated to powering Meta's Hyperion AI data center campus. Approved on an expedited basis by the Louisiana Public Service Commission in August 2025; first units expected online in late 2028. Entergy has sought approval for a larger buildout (up to ~7,400 MW across additional units) tied to the Meta campus expansion.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "Two 754 MW 1x1 combined-cycle combustion turbine units near Rayville / Holly Ridge in Richland Parish, designed for roughly 30% hydrogen co-firing and equipped to enable carbon capture; both expected operational by late 2028. The site appears in the Entergy air permit under the name Titanium Advanced Power Station."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la"
      ],
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Combined-cycle combustion turbine units; part of Entergy's generation buildout for Meta's Richland Parish campus."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-ironwood-power-station-jones-mill-ar",
    "name": "Ironwood Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Arkansas",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.4431679,
      "lon": -92.8937109,
      "city": "Malvern",
      "county": "Hot Spring",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 446
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-20",
        "note": "Entergy Arkansas broke ground on the 446 MW Ironwood Power Station at the Lake Catherine site, with approximately 260 construction jobs at peak.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-arkansas-breaks-ground-on-ironwood-power-station",
        "label": "Entergy Arkansas breaks ground on Ironwood Power Station",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/entergy-arkansas-adding-new-gas-fired-power-extending-nuclear-as-part-of-investment-plan/",
        "label": "Entergy Arkansas Adding New Gas-Fired Power, Extending Nuclear as Part of Investment Plan",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Jones+Mill%2C+Hot+Spring+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Jones Mill Road, Shorewood Hills, Hot Spring County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of Jones Mill Road in Hot Spring County, the Jones Mill / Lake Catherine locality named in coverage of the groundbreaking. This is a locality-level approximation and has NOT been confirmed against Entergy's Lake Catherine plant parcel. Capacity is reported as 446 MW by Entergy's own groundbreaking release and 450 MW in earlier plan-level trade coverage; 446 is used as the later, first-party figure and the 450 figure is noted here rather than reconciled. Commercial operation was given as 2028 in plan-level coverage; Entergy's groundbreaking release does not restate an in-service date.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Arkansas"
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 260,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Simple-cycle natural gas combustion turbine facility built on 20 acres of existing infrastructure at Entergy's Lake Catherine site near Malvern/Jones Mill, adjacent to Lake Catherine Unit 4, which is scheduled for retirement at the end of 2027. Entergy says the plant is expected to provide up to 40% better fuel efficiency and 'flexible generation to support Arkansas's growing energy needs.' One of three generation projects filed under Entergy Arkansas' 'Next Generation Arkansas' plan alongside Jefferson Power Station and Arkansas Cypress Solar and Battery. Entergy's groundbreaking release does NOT name data centers as a driver - the data-center link for this plant is only the plan-level one, and no single-customer offtake is claimed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-jefferson-power-station-redfield-ar",
    "name": "Jefferson Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Arkansas",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.4233903,
      "lon": -92.1343974,
      "city": "Redfield",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 754
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Entergy Arkansas announced plans for the 754 MW Jefferson Power Station at the White Bluff site near Redfield, pending Arkansas Public Service Commission approval.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01-28",
        "note": "The Arkansas Public Service Commission approved Entergy Arkansas' application to build the plant, while criticizing the utility for not soliciting competitive bids and saying Entergy had not shown the costs were 'reasonable or in the public interest.' Target online date 2029.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/jefferson-power-station-powering-arkansas-today-and-into-the-next-generation",
        "label": "Jefferson Power Station: Powering Arkansas today and into the next generation",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/entergy-arkansas-adding-new-gas-fired-power-extending-nuclear-as-part-of-investment-plan/",
        "label": "Entergy Arkansas Adding New Gas-Fired Power, Extending Nuclear as Part of Investment Plan",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/jan/28/commission-approves-entergy-arkansas-plan-for/",
        "label": "Commission approves Entergy Arkansas' plan for natural gas-fired power plant despite projected $1.5 billion cost",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=White+Bluff+Power+Plant%2C+Jefferson+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=5",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: White Bluff Power Plant, Jefferson County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for the existing White Bluff Power Plant, the site Entergy names for the new station ('adjacent to Entergy's existing coal-fired power plant'); the new unit's own footprint within that site is not identified in sources, so precision is approximate. investmentUsd is deliberately OMITTED because the figure is contested: Entergy's own release and November 2025 coverage say $1.6 billion, while the January 2026 approval coverage says $1.5 billion 'updated from $1.6 billion announced in November.' POWER Magazine reports the capacity as 750 MW while Entergy and the approval coverage say 754 MW; 754 is used. Arkansas environmental regulators have posted a draft air permit for the station at the White Bluff site, but that draft permit document was not retrieved in this pass and is not cited. Pine Bluff Commercial reporting referring to a 2030 launch could not be fetched (HTTP 403) and is not cited; the 2029 date here is Entergy's and the PSC coverage's.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Arkansas"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 3600,
      "permanent": 22,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "754 MW combined-cycle natural gas plant on Entergy's existing White Bluff site near Redfield, described by Entergy as about 40% more efficient than older units, with baseload and load-following capability and capacity to power more than 355,000 homes. One of three generation projects Entergy Arkansas filed under its 'Next Generation Arkansas' plan (with Ironwood Power Station and Arkansas Cypress Solar and Battery). Not dedicated to a single customer: it is utility generation for load growth. The Arkansas PSC's approval order specifically cited data center growth, noting AVAIO Digital Partners' $6 billion Pulaski County project and its 150 MW Entergy contract, and stated the facility 'will provide the reliable, dispatchable, power our state needs to support rapid growth.' The White Bluff coal plant on the same site is to come offline by the end of 2028 under a Sierra Club settlement."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-new-orleans-solar-station-la",
    "name": "New Orleans Solar Station",
    "operator": "Entergy New Orleans",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.015,
      "lon": -89.92,
      "city": "New Orleans",
      "county": "Orleans",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Entergy's renewable portfolio lists a 2020 commercial operation date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 64307, New Orleans Solar Station)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Distinct from the tracked MS Solar Grid Data proposal in New Orleans East, which is a cancelled data-center project roughly 7 km west, not a generating station. Coordinate is the EIA plant point, reported to three decimal places, and is marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy New Orleans"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Entergy New Orleans-owned utility-scale solar plant in New Orleans East."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-penton-solar-desoto-ms",
    "name": "Penton Solar",
    "operator": "Entergy Mississippi",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.86069,
      "lon": -90.27044,
      "city": "Lake Cormorant",
      "county": "DeSoto",
      "street": "15500 Green River Road",
      "postalCode": "38641",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 190
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01-20",
        "note": "MDEQ large-construction stormwater Notice of Intent for the 'Entergy Penton Solar Photovoltaic Generating Facility Project' gives an estimated construction start of 2026-01-20 and end of 2027-11-28.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026 — Penton Solar, 190 MW, Solar, Owned, Entergy Mississippi, DeSoto County, MS, 2028 (targeted)",
        "publisher": "Entergy Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opcgis.deq.state.ms.us/enonline/get_doc.aspx?dt=pdf&id=1812847",
        "label": "Large Construction Notice of Intent (MSR109677) — Entergy Penton Solar Photovoltaic Generating Facility Project, 15500 Green River Rd, Lake Cormorant, DeSoto County, MS",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Penton_Solar_Plant_solar_farm",
        "label": "Penton Solar Plant solar farm — Global Solar Power Tracker (DeSoto County, MS; 190 MWac)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are converted from the MDEQ NOI's own LiDAR-derived site point (34°51'38.484\"N, 90°16'13.584\"W), which the form asks to be the project entrance/start point rather than a footprint centroid — hence precision 'approximate'. Global Energy Monitor's point for the same plant (34.8616, -90.2630) differs by roughly 700 m. landAcres is omitted: the NOI gives 1,007 acres of DISTURBANCE, which is not the same as site area, and a secondary summary giving 1,225 acres total / ~700 acres of arrays was not read in a primary source. GEM still lists the project as 'announced' while the permit timeline indicates construction began in January 2026; status follows the permit.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Entergy's July 2026 renewable portfolio lists Penton Solar as 190 MW, company-owned, DeSoto County, MS, with a targeted 2028 commercial operation date. The MDEQ NOI describes 'photovoltaic (PV) arrays, access roads, underground collection lines, and a solar collector yard (substation)' with 1,007 acres to be disturbed; the prime contractor is Overland Contracting Inc. and the NOI was prepared by Black & Veatch."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-pointe-coupee-cccts-la",
    "name": "Entergy Pointe Coupee CCCT Units 1-3",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.7288063,
      "lon": -91.3693885,
      "city": "New Roads",
      "county": "Pointe Coupee",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2262
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Certification sought in Entergy Louisiana's Project Evest application to the LPSC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lpscpubvalence.lpsc.louisiana.gov/portal/PSC/ViewFile?fileId=kt5JixLAYFY%3D",
        "label": "Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp, Entergy Louisiana application for certification of generation and transmission resources (Project Evest), March 2026 — public redacted version",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Planned MW is 3 x 754 MW nameplate as stated in the filing. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of the existing Big Cajun site the filing names as the siting reference, flagged approximate — the new units' parcel has not been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Evest LLC (identified by Entergy as a Meta Platforms subsidiary)",
      "unitCount": 3,
      "notes": "Three of the seven new 754 MW 1x1 combined-cycle combustion turbines in Entergy Louisiana's March 2026 Project Evest application, 'sited within ELL's Southeast Louisiana Planning Region (SELPA) near the existing Big Cajun site' in Pointe Coupee Parish. Entergy asks that they be certified as system resources serving total system load, not as dedicated units."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-river-bend-ap1000-west-feliciana-la",
    "name": "River Bend Station AP1000 Expansion (pre-FEED)",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.7550442,
      "lon": -91.3323105,
      "city": "St. Francisville",
      "county": "West Feliciana",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Pre-FEED study for two AP1000 units funded under the Project Evest agreements; no construction commitment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lpscpubvalence.lpsc.louisiana.gov/portal/PSC/ViewFile?fileId=kt5JixLAYFY%3D",
        "label": "Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp, Entergy Louisiana (Project Evest), March 2026 — River Bend pre-FEED study for two new AP1000 generators",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Very early stage: a funded engineering study only. Distinct from the tracked Hut 8 'River Bend' AI data center campus, which is a different operator and a different site in the same parish — this record is Entergy's existing River Bend nuclear station site. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for River Bend Nuclear Generating Station, flagged approximate for the proposed expansion.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Evest LLC (identified by Entergy as a Meta Platforms subsidiary)",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Entergy's March 2026 Project Evest testimony states the customer 'agreed to fund all actual, direct costs, up to a maximum amount of [redacted] ... to perform a preliminary Front-End Engineering and Design study (the \"River Bend pre-FEED Study\") for construction and operation of two new AP1000 nuclear generators at the Company's existing River Bend Station site.' Only the study is funded — no construction decision, no MW certification, no capacity figure in the filing."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-traceview-ridgeland-ms",
    "name": "Traceview Advanced Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Mississippi",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4001863,
      "lon": -90.2081813,
      "city": "Ridgeland",
      "county": "Madison",
      "street": "1972 W County Line Road",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 754
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "MDEQ general permit-construction modification MSR109619 issued 2026-02-04; Air-Construction PSD permit 1720-00100 went to public comment 2026-07-14.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Entergy: 'Site work will begin mid- to late summer with construction starting in 2026'; MDEQ issued general permit-construction coverage MSR109942 on 2026-08-24.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergymississippi.com/generation/traceview",
        "label": "Traceview Advanced Power Station — project page",
        "publisher": "Entergy Mississippi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/ai_info.aspx?ai=89056",
        "label": "MDEQ Environmental Permits Online — Entergy Mississippi LLC, Traceview Advanced Power Station (AI 89056)",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://insight.factset.com/entergy-in-a-new-era-of-data-center-driven-load-growth",
        "label": "Entergy in a New Era of Data Center Driven Load Growth",
        "publisher": "FactSet Insight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Net-new. Second of Entergy Mississippi's three new combined-cycle stations (with Delta Blues/Greenville and Vicksburg). Entergy locates it 'north of West County Line Road, between Livingston Road and Natchez Trace Parkway' on the Hinds/Madison county border; MDEQ's permit record gives the address as 1972 W County Line Road, Ridgeland, MS 39157 and assigns the facility to Madison County. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of that street address, not a confirmed parcel or stack location — precision 'approximate'. Investment recorded as $1,000,000,000 because Entergy states only 'more than $1 billion' / 'this more than $1 billion investment'; the exact figure is not stated, so this is the sourced floor, not a precise cost. Expected in-service August 2029. Confirmed absences: no source fetched states construction or permanent job counts for Traceview, no unit count, and no named offtaker — unlike Delta Blues, which FactSet ties to AWS by name. Whether Traceview should carry generation.offtaker = Amazon Web Services needs a source that says so; do not infer it from proximity to the Madison County AWS campuses.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "754 MW natural-gas combined-cycle combustion turbine plus a substation capable of transmitting power from the plant to the grid; Entergy states the technology 'is also designed to support blended hydrogen in the future.' No offtaker is named: Entergy's own project page states no customer, and no source fetched in this run names one for Traceview specifically — only that Entergy's three new Mississippi gas stations were announced amid Amazon-driven load growth."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-vicksburg-aps-ms",
    "name": "Vicksburg Advanced Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Mississippi",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.2829472,
      "lon": -90.9261436,
      "city": "Vicksburg",
      "county": "Warren",
      "street": "Kemp Bottom Road",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 754
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-09-24",
        "note": "MDEQ proposed draft air construction permit PER20240002 for the Vicksburg Advanced Power Station; public comment ran to 2025-10-24.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Entergy Mississippi broke ground on the $1.2 billion Vicksburg Advanced Power Station; construction expected complete by August 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergymississippi.com/generation/vicksburg",
        "label": "Vicksburg Advanced Power Station — project page",
        "publisher": "Entergy Mississippi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/next-phase-of-superpower-mississippi-builds-highly-efficient-more-cost-effective-power-generation-source-in-vicksburg",
        "label": "Next phase of Superpower: Mississippi builds highly efficient, more cost-effective power generation source in Vicksburg",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.404media.co/amazon-data-centers-in-mississippi-have-already-raised-electricity-rates-for-local-customers-report-suggests/",
        "label": "Amazon Data Centers In Mississippi Have Already Raised Electricity Rates for Local Customers, Report Suggests",
        "publisher": "404 Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Net-new. Third of Entergy Mississippi's three new combined-cycle stations. Sited on the former Baxter Wilson Steam Electric Station property; coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode that resolves 'Kemp Bottom Road, Baxter Wilson Power Station, Vicksburg' — the road and plant name are confirmed by OSM, but no fetched source states a lat/lon, so precision is 'approximate'. Jobs: Entergy states 'more than 560 construction positions' (560 recorded as the sourced floor) and about 21 permanent operators — note one source says 'about 20'; 21 is used to match Entergy's own wording for its sibling plants. 404 Media, summarising the Earthjustice 'In the Dark' report, states Entergy 'announced three new gas-fired plants in 2025 in Greenville, Ridgeland, and Vicksburg, two of which are replacing existing gas plants, as well as two solar facilities for a total cost of nearly $4 billion' — that $4B is a five-project aggregate and is deliberately NOT recorded as this plant's investment. Confirmed absence: no fetched source states a power purchase agreement between this plant and any data-center operator, so generation.offtaker is omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "754 MW combined-cycle combustion turbine station on the grounds of the former Baxter Wilson Steam Electric Station, primarily natural gas fired and designed to support blended hydrogen in future. Entergy states a $1.2 billion investment, more than 560 construction jobs and approximately 21 personnel to operate the plant."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 560,
      "permanent": 21,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Advanced combined-cycle combustion turbine on the site of the retired Baxter Wilson Steam Electric Station, which is being demolished. Primarily natural gas, designed to support blended hydrogen in future. Entergy's Vicksburg announcement names Amazon as a large industrial customer whose grid-investment timing aligns with this project, but does not state a power purchase agreement for this plant — no offtaker field is set."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-waterford-power-station-st-charles-la",
    "name": "Waterford Power Station (new combined-cycle units for Meta)",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.99528,
      "lon": -90.47111,
      "city": "Killona",
      "county": "St. Charles",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 754
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "The Louisiana Public Service Commission approved Docket U-37425, authorizing Entergy Louisiana to build a third combined-cycle combustion-turbine plant at its existing Waterford site in St. Charles Parish — alongside the two Richland Parish units (Franklin Farms) — to power Meta's Hyperion campus. No groundbreaking reported for the Waterford unit as of mid-2026; target in-service end of 2029.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-receives-lpsc-approval-for-major-infrastructure-investments-to-support-metas-data-center-and-improve-reliability",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana receives LPSC approval for major infrastructure investments to support Meta's data center",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-power-meta-s-data-center-in-richland-parish",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana to power Meta's data center in Richland Parish",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/combined-cycle/entergy-louisiana-breaks-ground-on-two-new-combined-cycle-plants-to-power-meta-data-center/",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana breaks ground on two new combined cycle plants to power Meta data center",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nola.com/news/business/entergy-power-meta-ai-data-center/article_4509eaa2-45a1-4d28-9482-fa1c6bed80de.html",
        "label": "Entergy seeks to boost power capacity for Louisiana's Meta AI data center",
        "publisher": "NOLA.com / The Times-Picayune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/entergy-louisiana-eyes-2-2-gw-of-new-gas-fired-generation-to-support-data-center-demand/",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana Eyes 2.2 GW of New Gas-Fired Generation to Support Data Center Demand",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "A distinct Entergy Louisiana plant from Franklin Farms — a new combined-cycle facility at the existing Waterford complex in St. Charles Parish, approved in the same Aug 2025 LPSC settlement (Docket U-37425) as the third of three plants (2,260 MW total) dedicated to Meta's Hyperion campus. Power is delivered north to Richland Parish via new 500 kV transmission; target in-service end of 2029.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "New combined-cycle combustion-turbine generation at Entergy's existing Waterford complex; power reaches Meta's Richland Parish campus via new long-distance 500 kV transmission (~200+ miles) rather than on-site."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la"
      ],
      "notes": "The third of three combined-cycle plants (2,260 MW total) approved in LPSC Docket U-37425 (Aug 2025) for Meta's Hyperion campus; the other two are the Richland Parish units tracked as entergy-franklin-farms-power-station-la (~1,500 MW). This Waterford unit's individual capacity is not itemized by Entergy — roughly 760 MW is a derived estimate (2,260 minus 1,500). A separate, larger Phase 2 buildout (Docket U-37882: seven unsited plants, >5,200 MW) remains unapproved and is not tracked."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "entergy-westlake-power-station-calcasieu-la",
    "name": "Westlake Power Station",
    "operator": "Entergy Louisiana",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.2421496,
      "lon": -93.2507099,
      "city": "Westlake",
      "county": "Calcasieu",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Application filed with the LPSC for approval to construct.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lpscpubvalence.lpsc.louisiana.gov/portal/PSC/ViewFile?fileId=kt5JixLAYFY%3D",
        "label": "Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp, Entergy Louisiana application for certification of generation and transmission resources (Project Evest), March 2026 — public redacted version",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "New gas-fired station proposed on undeveloped land near Entergy Louisiana's existing Westlake site in Calcasieu Parish. Entergy's testimony is explicit that the need for this capacity 'exists independent of the anticipated load associated with Project Evest' — it is part of the utility's base supply plan amid large-load growth, not a plant dedicated to a single named campus. Coordinates are a Westlake city geocode, flagged approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Entergy Louisiana filed for approval to construct the Westlake Power Station together with the Waterford 6 Power Station in February 2026 (LPSC Docket No. U-37853); the testimony states the two 'when completed, will add approximately 1,500 MW of additional capacity to ELL's base supply plan'. No per-station MW split is given in the fetched filing, so capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "epic-hosting-verona-wi",
    "name": "Epic Hosting Verona Data Center",
    "operator": "Epic Hosting, LLC (Epic Systems)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.98,
      "lon": -89.562,
      "city": "Verona",
      "county": "Dane",
      "street": "Milky Way",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-09-24",
        "note": "Certified by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue as a qualified data center at Milky Way, Verona.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/FAQS/ExemptionforQualifiedDataCenter.aspx",
        "label": "Wisconsin DOR — Exemption for Qualified Data Center (list of certified data centers)",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Revenue",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "One of only four data centers certified for Wisconsin's qualified-data-center sales and use tax exemption (alongside Microsoft/Mount Pleasant, Degas LLC/Beaver Dam and Oracle America Cloud Services/Port Washington). Certification in a county over 100,000 population requires a plan to invest at least $150 million over five years; that threshold is NOT recorded as an investment figure because the certified plan amount is not published. Status is recorded as 'permitted' because state certification is the only sourced fact — I found no source establishing that the facility is built or operating, and a human reviewer should resolve the true build status before publication. No subsidy dollar amount is published. Coordinates are a campus-level locator for Epic's Milky Way address in Verona.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wisconsin Qualified Data Center sales and use tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Wisconsin",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "epicio-st-croix-vi",
    "name": "Epic.io St. Croix Data Center",
    "operator": "Epic.io",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 17.7581924,
      "lon": -64.8874524,
      "city": "St. Croix",
      "street": "Estate Northside",
      "state": "VI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.epic.io/st-croix/",
        "label": "Epic.io | St. Croix Data Center",
        "publisher": "Epic.io",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2014/08/28/centrilogic-acquires-us-virgin-islands-data-center",
        "label": "CentriLogic Acquires US Virgin Islands Data Center Provider Adveniat",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Epic.io's own site states address '23 Estate Northside, St Croix, VI 00840' and 'Direct connection to subsea cables facing North and South America'; power described as '75W/sqft or 3kW per rack density' with N+3 backup generators. St. Croix has had a data center at this general site at least since the mid-2000s under prior operators (Adveniat, then CentriLogic per the 2014 acquisition piece, which put the facility at approx. 30,000 sq ft with two redundant groups of four 650 KVA generators) -- this record is NOT asserted to be the identical building to the 2014 CentriLogic/Adveniat site; no source fetched this run confirms that continuity, so only Epic.io's own current listing is used for the facility's specs. Nominatim resolved 'Estate Northside, St Croix' only at the district/village level, not the street number, so precision is 'approximate' and the pin should be read as locating Estate Northside generally, not the parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ashburn-va",
    "name": "Equinix Ashburn Campus (DC1–DC15)",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0437,
      "lon": -77.4875,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 500
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (Dominion Energy) + renewable PPAs",
    "announcedDate": "1999",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1999",
        "note": "Ashburn is the world's largest internet exchange hub; Equinix operates 15+ buildings at this campus",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashburn,_Virginia#Data_centers",
        "label": "Ashburn, Virginia — Data centers (Wikipedia)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sustainability.equinix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GU_IBX-Sustainability-Quick-Reference_EN-LTR-1.pdf",
        "label": "Equinix IBX Sustainability Quick Reference Guide",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.loudounwater.org/commercial-customers/reclaimed-water-program",
        "label": "Loudoun Water — Reclaimed Water Program",
        "publisher": "Loudoun Water",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vedp.org/incentive/data-center-retail-sales-use-tax-exemption",
        "label": "Data Center Retail Sales & Use Tax Exemption — Virginia EDP",
        "publisher": "Virginia Economic Development Partnership",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2025/04/loudoun-county-virginia-eliminates-by-right-data-center-development",
        "label": "Loudoun County, Virginia Eliminates By-Right Data Center Development — Holland & Knight",
        "publisher": "Holland & Knight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/washington-dc-data-centers",
        "label": "Washington D.C. (Ashburn) Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "100% renewable coverage since 2021 via U.S. wind VPPAs and Green-e certified wind RECs; no on-site generation. Dominion Energy serves all of Loudoun County, where data-center load reached roughly 5.3 GW by 2025."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Uses Loudoun Water reclaimed (non-potable) water for cooling; legacy buildings use chilled water, DC12 uses indirect evaporative cooling, and newer high-density AI buildings use chilled water. No facility-specific volume is disclosed."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Data centers generate a large share of Loudoun County's general-fund revenue and the county chair has called Equinix an 'excellent community partner,' but amid rising residential and environmental opposition the Board voted 7–2 in March 2025 to end by-right data-center development, now requiring special-exception public hearings. Equinix is eligible for Virginia's statewide data-center sales-and-use tax exemption, but state law bars disclosure of individual recipients and amounts.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-bo1-waltham-ma",
    "name": "Equinix BO1",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.39635,
      "lon": -71.26906,
      "city": "Waltham",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "74 West Street",
      "postalCode": "02451",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-boston-bo1",
        "label": "Equinix Boston BO1 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/281",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Equinix BO1 - Boston, Waltham (org Equinix, Inc.; 74 West Street, Waltham, MA 02451)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation facility inside a leased building at 74 West Street; page confirms it as a fully operational Equinix site. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address, not a confirmed parcel footprint. No MW or square-footage figures were disclosed on the publicly accessible source page (gated behind a paid dataset request), so capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-bo2-billerica-ma",
    "name": "Equinix BO2 - Boston, Billerica",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.55167,
      "lon": -71.215669,
      "city": "Billerica",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "41-43 Alexander Road",
      "postalCode": "01821",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Equinix's own Boston data centers page lists BO2 as an operating IBX in Billerica; PeeringDB carries an active Equinix-maintained facility record for the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/boston-data-centers",
        "label": "Equinix Boston data centers - \"BO2 data center in Billerica\"",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/4666",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Equinix BO2 - Boston, Billerica, 41-43 Alexander Road",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Second Equinix IBX in the Boston metro, distinct from the tracked Equinix BO1 in Waltham (74 West Street). Equinix markets BO2 for \"enterprises, technology and biotech firms with large deployments\"; neither source states a megawatt figure, so capacity is omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ch1-il",
    "name": "Equinix CH1",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8535578,
      "lon": -87.6180475,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "350 East Cermak Road",
      "postalCode": "60616",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/chicago-data-centers/ch1",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12695496267",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12695496267",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Located at 350 East Cermak Road, downtown Chicago, per Equinix's own Chicago data centers directory; corroborated by baxtel.com and cloudandcolocation.com.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ch7-il",
    "name": "Equinix CH7",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8125627,
      "lon": -87.9728504,
      "city": "Westmont",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/chicago-data-centers/ch7",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/243242167",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/243242167",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Legacy Verizon facility in Westmont, IL (DuPage County), acquired by Equinix; corroborated by baxtel.com/dgtlinfra.com.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ch8-minooka-il",
    "name": "Equinix CH8 Minooka",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4506,
      "lon": -88.262,
      "city": "Minooka",
      "county": "Grundy",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Equinix proposed a billion-dollar data center investment on ~300 acres in Minooka, IL",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://patch.com/illinois/channahon-minooka/equinix-proposes-billion-dollar-data-center-investment-minooka-nodx",
        "label": "Equinix proposes billion-dollar data center investment in Minooka",
        "publisher": "Patch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Proposed ~300-acre, $1B+ Equinix campus in Minooka, Grundy County. Capacity not disclosed (omitted). Coordinates are the Minooka area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "landAcres": 300,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-dallas-da11-tx",
    "name": "Equinix Dallas DA11",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8017196,
      "lon": -96.8243167,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "1990 N Stemmons Freeway",
      "postalCode": "75207",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Four-storey facility completed adjacent to the Infomart.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-dallas-da11",
        "label": "Equinix Dallas DA11 Data Center — site record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Four-storey expansion built next to the Infomart carrier hotel at 1990 N Stemmons Freeway, which Equinix acquired in 2018. No capacity figure is published on the fetched source, so none is recorded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-dallas-da12-tx",
    "name": "Equinix Dallas DA12 (West Dallas)",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8209286,
      "lon": -96.8586608,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "1550 W Mockingbird Lane",
      "postalCode": "75235",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-dallas-da12",
        "label": "Equinix: Dallas DA12 Data Center — site record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Planned four-storey campus of more than 372,000 sq ft on the former Taylor Publishing site in West Dallas. The source records construction as slated to begin February 2026 with DA12-1 finishing late 2027 and fit-out into early 2028, but still lists the site status as planned; recorded as proposed rather than under construction because no source confirms a start on site.",
    "investmentUsd": 836000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-dc2-va",
    "name": "Equinix DC2",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0163894,
      "lon": -77.4590691,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21715 Filigree Court",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/washington-dc-data-centers/dc2",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/234722029",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/234722029",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "21715 Filigree Court, Ashburn, VA.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-dc3-va",
    "name": "Equinix DC3",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0220154,
      "lon": -77.460235,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44470 Chilum Place",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/washington-dc-data-centers/dc3",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/298242260",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/298242260",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "44470 Chilum Place, Ashburn, VA.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-great-oaks-south-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Equinix Great Oaks South Data Center (SV12, SV18, SV19)",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.233028,
      "lon": -121.7807945,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "123 Great Oaks Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95119",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2021-12-10",
        "note": "CEC final decision granting the small power plant exemption for the Great Oaks South Backup Generating Facility; Notice of Determination 2021-12-13.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/great-oaks-south-generating-facility",
        "label": "Great Oaks South Generating Facility (20-SPPE-01)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=123%20Great%20Oaks%20Boulevard%2C%20San%20Jose%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 123 Great Oaks Boulevard, San Jose, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Three two-story buildings of 182,350 sq ft each at 123, 127 and 131 Great Oaks Boulevard, applicant SV1, LLC (a subsidiary of Equinix, LLC). Distinct parcel from Equinix's existing Great Oaks campus buildings already tracked (SV1/SV2/SV4/SV8/SV15). Status recorded as permitted because the fetched source establishes the exemption, not a build state.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 99,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 20-SPPE-01: 36 diesel-fired standby generators rated 3.25 MW each plus three 0.5-MW life-safety generators, 99 MW total."
    },
    "landAcres": 18,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-la3-el-segundo-ca",
    "name": "Equinix LA3",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9263426,
      "lon": -118.3940556,
      "city": "El Segundo",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "1920 East Maple Avenue",
      "postalCode": "90245",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/los-angeles-data-centers/la3",
        "label": "Equinix LA3 official facility page",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-el-segundo-la3",
        "label": "Equinix El Segundo LA3 - Baxtel facility record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/333",
        "label": "Equinix LA3/LA4 - Los Angeles, El Segundo (PeeringDB facility record)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/424945843",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/424945843 (1920 East Maple Avenue building)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation/interconnection facility (cloud on-ramps to AWS/GCP, FASTER subsea cable peering); no AI/HPC-specific marketing found. A widely-repeated ~7.8MW capacity claim is unconfirmed by any source and is omitted; aggregator sites converge on ~5.0MW but that figure traces only to an aggregator page, not a direct primary fetch, so it is likewise omitted rather than asserted. Equinix's own product page returned HTTP 403 to direct fetch this pass; existence/address confirmed via Baxtel, PeeringDB, and OSM instead. Distinct building from the adjacent Equinix LA4 (445 North Douglas Street) on the same El Segundo campus. Coordinates are an approximate building-centroid geocode (OSM), not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-la4-el-segundo-ca",
    "name": "Equinix LA4",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9219979,
      "lon": -118.383118,
      "city": "El Segundo",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "445 North Douglas Street",
      "postalCode": "90245",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/los-angeles-data-centers/la4",
        "label": "Equinix LA4 official facility page",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/333",
        "label": "Equinix LA3/LA4 - Los Angeles, El Segundo (PeeringDB facility record)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-el-segundo-la4",
        "label": "Equinix El Segundo LA4 Data Center - Baxtel facility record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/equinix/445-n-douglas-street/la4",
        "label": "Equinix LA4 - datacenterHawk marketplace listing",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "One of two Equinix IBX facilities in El Segundo (LA3 and LA4); campus cross-connect to the adjacent Equinix LA3 (1920 East Maple Avenue). Multi-tenant colocation/interconnection space (Cloud Exchange to AWS/GCP); no AI/HPC-specific marketing found. No capacity (MW) disclosed by any source - not asserted. Equinix's own product page returned HTTP 403 to direct fetch this pass; existence/address independently corroborated via PeeringDB, Baxtel, and datacenterHawk. Coordinates are an approximate geocode, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-mi1-nap-of-the-americas-fl",
    "name": "Equinix MI1 (NAP of the Americas)",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.782359,
      "lon": -80.1930886,
      "city": "Miami",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "50 NE 9th Street",
      "postalCode": "33132",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2017-05-01",
        "note": "Acquired by Equinix from Verizon as part of a 29-data-center, $3.6B portfolio deal (closed May 1, 2017); originally built by Terremark as the \"NAP of the Americas.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/content/dam/eqxcorp/en_us/documents/resources/ibx-tech-specs/ibx_mi1_en.pdf",
        "label": "Equinix MI1 IBX Technical Specifications",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/miami-data-centers",
        "label": "Equinix Miami Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investor.equinix.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/288/equinix-completes-acquisition-of-29-data-centers-from",
        "label": "Equinix Completes Acquisition of 29 Data Centers from Verizon",
        "publisher": "Equinix Investor Relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Formerly Terremark's \"NAP of the Americas\"; acquired by Equinix from Verizon in a 29-facility, $3.6B portfolio deal that closed May 1, 2017. Equinix's own technical spec sheet reports 296,775 sq ft of colocation space (255,512 sq ft in MI1-1&2, 41,263 sq ft in MI1-3) -- distinct from the widely-repeated but unsourced 750,000 sq ft gross-building figure. No single headline MW capacity is disclosed by the operator (spec sheet lists standby/UPS power per floor rather than a total IT-load figure); aggregators report conflicting, unconfirmed estimates in the 17-28 MW range. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found for this facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-mi2-miami-fl",
    "name": "Equinix MI2 — Miami",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.775869,
      "lon": -80.19313,
      "city": "Miami",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "36 NE 2nd St",
      "postalCode": "33132",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=Equinix%20MI",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"Equinix MI2 - Miami\", 36 NE 2nd St, Miami FL 33132",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-hotel colocation facility in the 36 NE 2nd Street building in downtown Miami. Distinct from Equinix MI1 (NAP of the Americas, 50 NE 9th St) and from Digital Realty's MIA10, which occupies the same building under a different operator.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-mi3-boca-raton-fl",
    "name": "Equinix MI3 — Boca Raton",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 26.387989,
      "lon": -80.108267,
      "city": "Boca Raton",
      "county": "Palm Beach",
      "street": "4680 Conference Way South",
      "postalCode": "33431",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2012-12-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012-12-03",
        "note": "Equinix announced the opening of the MI3 IBX data center in Boca Raton, 31,300 sq ft with expansion options.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investor.equinix.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/641/equinix-opens-new-data-center-in-greater-miami-area",
        "label": "Equinix press release — \"Equinix Opens New Data Center in Greater Miami Area\" (MI3, Boca Raton)",
        "publisher": "Equinix, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=Equinix%20MI",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"Equinix MI3 - Miami, Boca Raton\", 4680 Conference Way South",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "31,300 sq ft IBX outside the Category 5 hurricane evacuation zone, ~44 miles north of Miami; positioned for Latin America connectivity via adjacent submarine cable landing stations.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny11-carteret-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY11",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.58433,
      "lon": -74.243607,
      "city": "Carteret",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "1400 Federal Boulevard",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/1400-federal-boulevard-carteret/equinix/datacenter/ny11",
        "label": "Equinix NY11 — 1400 Federal Boulevard, Carteret",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/network/article/33008176/equinix-ny5-ny11-data-centers-generate-digital-economic-magnetism-in-ny-nj",
        "label": "Equinix NY5, NY11 Data Centers Generate Digital, Economic Magnetism in NY-NJ",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Equinix-owned facility that hosts Nasdaq's primary data center and matching-engine infrastructure — Data Center Frontier describes Nasdaq as NY11's 'primary customer.' Roughly 91,413 sq ft of usable colocation space per Inflect. Equinix is expanding the site to add an AWS Local Zone, bringing cloud infrastructure directly into the Nasdaq facility (per Data Center Frontier). Coordinates are a street-address geocode from Inflect's own listing, not a confirmed parcel boundary.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny2-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY2",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7775822,
      "lon": -74.0759403,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "275 Hartz Way",
      "postalCode": "07094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Listed as an operating IBX on Equinix's own New York metro facility page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/2025/https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/new-york-data-centers/ny2",
        "label": "Equinix NY2 IBX data center page (Internet Archive capture of equinix.com; the live page answers 403 to non-browser clients)",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=275+Hartz+Way,+Secaucus,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building 'Equinix New York Secaucus NY2' (way 193611219, building=data_center) via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Equinix's own IBX page gives the address as 275 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094. Tracked separately from the Equinix NY3/NY4/NY5 records already held because NY2 is a distinct IBX code at a distinct street address with its own mapped building footprint.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny3-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY3",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.774179,
      "lon": -74.065868,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "600 Jefferson Avenue",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/network/article/33008176/equinix-ny5-ny11-data-centers-generate-digital-economic-magnetism-in-ny-nj",
        "label": "Equinix NY5, NY11 Data Centers Generate Digital, Economic Magnetism in NY-NJ",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/600-jefferson-avenue-secaucus-nj-united-states/equinix/datacenter/ny3",
        "label": "Equinix NY3 — 600 Jefferson Avenue, Secaucus",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Data Center Frontier (retrieved 2026-09-12): 'NY3, a new 300,000 sq ft facility, is under construction on the Secaucus campus,' first phase supporting roughly 1,200 colocation cabinets at 9-10 kW average density — described there as Equinix's largest planned NY-metro site. Status recorded here as under_construction on that basis; however Inflect's current listing for the same address already shows marketed/usable leasing space figures, so this facility may have since opened or begun partial delivery. Flagged for re-verification on a future pass rather than asserted as still under construction today.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny4-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY4",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.778534,
      "lon": -74.072237,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "755 Secaucus Road",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/equinix/755-secaucus-road/ny4",
        "label": "Equinix NY4 — 755 Secaucus Road",
        "publisher": "DataCenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/investing/the-nj-trading-hub-powering-the-financial-markets",
        "label": "The NJ Trading Hub Powering the Financial Markets",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/36",
        "label": "Equinix NY2/NY4/NY5/NY6 — Secaucus",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "338,967 sq ft, built 2001; converted for colocation use by Equinix around 2006 (formerly an eyeglass-lens factory, per Data Center Knowledge). N+2 cooling, dual-feed N+1 power with backup via 18 x 2.5 MW diesel generators (45 MW total backup generation capacity, per Data Center Knowledge — this is backup/redundant power, not a stated IT load figure, so it is not recorded as capacityMw). Hosts matching engines for multiple stock exchanges; Data Center Knowledge reported over $100M in annual revenue from this single site. One of five Equinix IBX buildings on the Secaucus campus (per Data Center Frontier). Coordinates are the shared PeeringDB pin for the whole Equinix Secaucus campus (NY2/NY4/NY5/NY6), not an NY4-specific rooftop geocode — marked approximate accordingly.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny5-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY5",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7785845,
      "lon": -74.0723242,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — PSE&G",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/new-york-data-centers/ny5",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/193611192",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/193611192",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260123272997/en/Options-Sets-the-Benchmark-for-Liquid-Cooled-High-Density-Infrastructure-as-a-Managed-Service-Provider-in-Equinix-NY5",
        "label": "Equinix AI/HPC — Named MSP (Options Tech) liquid-cooled high-density AI cage live NY5, ",
        "publisher": "businesswire.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "800 Secaucus Road, Secaucus, NJ; distinct from NY7 (osm 95782052) which is in North Bergen. AI/HPC (likely): Named MSP (Options Tech) liquid-cooled high-density AI cage live NY5, Jan 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny6-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY6",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7763898,
      "lon": -74.0718595,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "105 Enterprise Avenue South",
      "postalCode": "07094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Listed as an Equinix New York interconnection facility on Equinix's own IBX page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/2025/https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/new-york-data-centers/ny6",
        "label": "Equinix NY6 IBX data center page (Internet Archive capture of equinix.com; the live page answers 403 to non-browser clients)",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=105+Enterprise+Avenue+South,+Secaucus,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap address point for 105 Enterprise Avenue South, Secaucus NJ 07094 via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Equinix's own IBX page gives NY6's address as 105 Enterprise Avenue South, Secaucus. Coordinates are an OSM address point for that street address, not a confirmed building footprint. Single-source on the facility itself, hence 'reported'.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny7-nj",
    "name": "Equinix NY7",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7968626,
      "lon": -74.0311403,
      "city": "North Bergen",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "5851 West Side Avenue",
      "postalCode": "07047",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/new-york-data-centers/ny7",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/95782052",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/95782052",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "5851 West Side Avenue, North Bergen, NJ per Equinix directory; corroborated by datacenters.com.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PSE&G"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-ny9-manhattan-ny",
    "name": "Equinix NY9",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.740907,
      "lon": -74.001768,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "street": "111 8th Avenue",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/38",
        "label": "Equinix NY9 - New York, 111 8th Avenue",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Equinix-operated colocation floors (Suites 518, 536, 734, and 1533) within 111 8th Avenue, a large multi-tenant carrier hotel in Manhattan's Chelsea neighborhood. Distinct facility record from the existing digital-realty-jfk10-manhattan-ny record (Digital Realty's separately-leased floors in the same building) -- this is genuinely a different operator's colocation space, not a duplicate of the same footprint. Hosts 78 networks and 4 internet exchanges (DE-CIX New York, Equinix Internet Exchange New York, MegaIX New York, NetIX) per PeeringDB. No capacity, investment, or AI-use figure found as of 2026-09-13, omitted rather than guessed. Coordinates geocoded from the street address via US Census geocoder (address-range interpolation, not a confirmed suite/floor footprint), hence approximate precision. aiClassification omitted -- general-purpose colocation, no AI/GPU capacity confirmed at this specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-se3-seattle-wa",
    "name": "Equinix Seattle SE3",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6144229,
      "lon": -122.3397427,
      "city": "Seattle",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "2020 5th Avenue",
      "postalCode": "98121",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2013",
        "note": "Baxtel gives 2013 as the year opened.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/359930465",
        "label": "OSM way 359930465 - 'Equinix SE3 Data Center', building=data_center, operator=Equinix, ref=SE3, 2020 5th Avenue Seattle 98121",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-seattle-se3",
        "label": "Equinix Seattle SE3 - 2020 Fifth Ave, Seattle, WA; opened 2013; adjacent to SE2",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "A separate building from the Westin Building (2001 6th Avenue), which the projection already tracks as Digital Realty SEA10 and which houses Equinix SE2. Baxtel loosely describes SE3 as 'in the Westin Building'; OSM maps it as its own five-storey building at 2020 5th Avenue, sourced to a King County Assessor parcel record, and that is the location used here. No capacity asserted - Equinix does not publish one and the megawatt figures circulating on colocation marketplaces were not retrieved from a primary source this session.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-se4-kent-wa",
    "name": "Equinix Seattle SE4",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4215254,
      "lon": -122.2473931,
      "city": "Kent",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "6906 South 204th Street",
      "postalCode": "98032",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2000",
        "note": "Opened 2000; acquired by Equinix from Verizon in May 2017, formerly named Verizon SEA1.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://leg.wa.gov/jlarc/taxReports/2026/data/1/report.html",
        "label": "2026 tax preference review: Data Centers in Urban Counties - names Equinix's SE4 facility in Kent (King County) as an exemption beneficiary",
        "publisher": "Washington State Legislature, JLARC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/equinix-seattle-se4",
        "label": "Equinix Seattle SE4 - 6906 S. 204th Street, Kent, WA; opened 2000; acquired from Verizon May 2017",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Named in a Washington State legislative audit (JLARC) as one of four urban-county data centers claiming the state's nonrural data center sales-and-use-tax exemption, alongside two Sabey facilities in Tukwila and Benaroya's Centeris in Puyallup. No dollar amount is recorded: JLARC publishes only a combined beneficiary-savings figure (approximately $42.4 million across FY2023-2026), which cannot be attributed to this site. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap address record for 6906 South 204th Street, which is not itself tagged as a data center - hence precision 'approximate'. No capacity asserted; Equinix does not publish one.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Sales and use tax exemption for data centers in nonrural (urban) counties",
        "jurisdiction": "Washington State",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-sv1-ca",
    "name": "Equinix SV1",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.2415975,
      "lon": -121.7833277,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "11 Great Oaks Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95119",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/silicon-valley-data-centers/sv1",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/35491576",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/35491576",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "11 Great Oaks Boulevard, San Jose, part of the Equinix San Jose campus (SV1/SV5/SV10).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-sv15-ca",
    "name": "Equinix SV15",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3754952,
      "lon": -121.9884063,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2970 Corvin Drive",
      "postalCode": "95051",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/silicon-valley-data-centers/sv15",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/205823968",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/205823968",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "2970 Corvin Drive, Pod C, Santa Clara — distinct building from SV14/SV16/SV17 despite shared campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-sv2-ca",
    "name": "Equinix SV2",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3784704,
      "lon": -121.9549839,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1350 Duane Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/silicon-valley-data-centers/sv2",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/37947314",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/37947314",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "1350 Duane Avenue, Santa Clara.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-sv4-ca",
    "name": "Equinix SV4",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4145109,
      "lon": -122.0145563,
      "city": "Sunnyvale",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "255 Caspian Drive",
      "postalCode": "94089",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/silicon-valley-data-centers/sv4",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/99813512",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/99813512",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "255 Caspian Drive, Sunnyvale.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "equinix-sv8-ca",
    "name": "Equinix SV8",
    "operator": "Equinix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4458951,
      "lon": -122.160786,
      "city": "Palo Alto",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "529 Bryant Street",
      "postalCode": "94301",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/silicon-valley-data-centers/sv8",
        "label": "Equinix facility directory",
        "publisher": "Equinix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/132746406",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/132746406",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "529 Bryant Street, Palo Alto.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "City of Palo Alto Utilities"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "erdc-dsrc-vicksburg-ms",
    "name": "ERDC DoD Supercomputing Resource Center",
    "operator": "U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3019615,
      "lon": -90.8630294,
      "city": "Vicksburg",
      "county": "Warren",
      "street": "3909 Halls Ferry Road",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "HPE EX-4000 system entered production service in calendar year 2023, adding 9 petaFLOPS to the center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hpc.mil/?view=article&id=88%3Anew-hpc-systems-at-the-us-army-engineer-research-and-development-center-erdc-dod-supercomputing-resource-center-will-provide-an-additional-9-petaflops-of-computational-capability&catid=2",
        "label": "New HPC Systems at the ERDC DoD Supercomputing Resource Center will Provide an Additional 9 petaFLOPS of Computational Capability",
        "publisher": "DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (hpc.mil)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "One of the DoD HPCMP's supercomputing resource centers, sited on the ERDC campus in Vicksburg. The cited HPCMP notice describes 'an HPE EX-4000 system of 277,248 AMD EPYC \"Genoa\" compute cores, 563 terabytes of memory, 5 petabytes of usable storage, including 4 PB of NVMe-based solid state storage' delivering 'an additional 9 petaFLOPs of computational capability.' No megawatt or square-footage figure is published in the source read, so capacity is omitted. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of ERDC's published 3909 Halls Ferry Road address; the DSRC occupies a specific building on the campus that is not separately mapped, hence precision 'approximate'. ERDC's own erdc.usace.army.mil pages returned HTTP 403 this session and are therefore not cited.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "essential-energy-archbald-lackawanna-county-pa",
    "name": "Essential Energy Archbald Power Plant",
    "operator": "Essential Energy, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4959,
      "lon": -75.5391,
      "city": "Archbald",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "street": "1000 Main Street",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-27",
        "note": "Conditional-use application heard by Archbald Borough Council; still under review.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://fox56.com/news/local/proposed-archbald-power-plant-could-reshape-borough-and-add-power-to-grid",
        "label": "Proposed Archbald power plant could reshape borough and add power to grid",
        "publisher": "Fox56 WOLF",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/08/governors-office-expected-to-announce.html?m=1",
        "label": "Governor's Office Expected To Announce Further Steps To Regulate A.I. Data Centers (notes the fifth Archbald hearing resumed Aug. 18)",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Distinct from the tracked Archbald data center records (Project Gravity, Wildcat Ridge) — this is the generation application at 1000 Main Street. No `offtaker` is recorded because the applicant states merchant PJM sales, not a named compute buyer.",
    "landAcres": 17,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "About 200 residents attended the April 27, 2026 conditional-use hearing at Valley View High School; officials and residents raised the absence of evidence on noise, odor, dust, light, glare and vibration impacts. Hearings continued into August 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 4,
      "notes": "Four turbine pads of roughly 66,000 sq ft each on a 17-acre former auto salvage yard, totalling nearly 500,000 sq ft. The developer says output would be sold on the open market into the PJM grid; residents at the conditional-use hearings contend it is intended to serve the data centers proposed in and around the borough. Site chosen for access to existing transmission and natural gas infrastructure."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "estrella-solar-storage-bernalillo-county-nm",
    "name": "Estrella Solar and Battery Storage",
    "operator": "DESRI (D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.09,
      "lon": -106.9,
      "city": "Albuquerque",
      "county": "Bernalillo",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-27",
        "note": "Bernalillo County Commission approved $1.2 billion in industrial revenue bonds for the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/bernco-commission-to-weigh-12-billion-in-irbs-for-solar-project/3056147",
        "label": "BernCo Commission to weigh $1.2 billion in tax abatements for solar project",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/bernalillo-county-approves-12-billion-in-tax-incentives-for-solar-storage-project/3110868",
        "label": "Bernalillo County approves $1.2B incentives for West Side solar project",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Sited in the area known as Estrella, west of Atrisco Vista Boulevard and north of Interstate 40 on Albuquerque's West Side. The $1.2 billion is the private investment figure and also the face amount of the industrial revenue bonds — it is one number serving both roles in the county's structure, not two separate sums. Coordinate is an approximate anchor near the Atrisco Vista / I-40 area, not a parcel boundary.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "400 MW of solar paired with 400 MW of battery storage. The Public Service Company of New Mexico was described in earlier coverage only as the 'likely' power purchaser, so no utility is asserted here."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Bernalillo County industrial revenue bonds (abatement of personal property and gross receipts taxes; ~70% abatement on county taxes, no property tax exemption)",
        "amountUsd": 1200000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Bernalillo County, New Mexico",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 3000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1622,
      "permanent": 6,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Approved with a community benefits package of up to $2.9 million over five years for phase one, with phase two benefits to be determined; local commentary pressed for the project to deliver benefits beyond the grid.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Three construction phases; grid connection via an 11-mile, 345 kV transmission line. Operations scheduled to start in Q1 2028. Project includes a wildlife corridor expansion."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "etc-dc-opco-lysite-fremont-county-wy",
    "name": "ETC DC OpCo Lysite Data Center (\"1 MW DC Site\")",
    "operator": "ETC DC OpCo LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.285,
      "lon": -107.636,
      "city": "Lysite",
      "county": "Fremont",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-15",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-19",
        "note": "WDEQ Air Quality Division issued a proposed approval of the 2026-07-15 permit application; public comment open through 2026-09-14. Fremont County has no countywide zoning, so no county land-use permit is required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/08/19/plan-for-small-data-center-in-fremont-county-shines-light-on-permissive-zoning/",
        "label": "Plan For Data Center Puts Spotlight On Lax Fremont County Zoning Laws",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rivertonranger.com/news/details-emerge-on-lysite-data-center/article_c9aadf9d-dfc5-4675-a01e-ae14b0c944e5.html",
        "label": "Details emerge on Lysite data center",
        "publisher": "Riverton Ranger",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Site is about three miles east-northeast of Lysite in unincorporated eastern Fremont County, near the Lost Cabin Gas Plant. The application documents label the project the \"1 MW DC Site\"; the DEQ analysis does not explain whether that designation is the anticipated electrical demand or another measure, so no capacity is recorded here. Footprint, acreage and water use are not disclosed in available records. Coordinates are a geocode from the published distance-and-bearing description and are not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Permit application covers eight Mesa Power Solutions GV22 PowerCore natural-gas-fired emergency generator engines rated 604 horsepower each (4,832 hp total), each limited to 100 hours of non-emergency operation per year with non-resettable hour meters, which WDEQ treats as best available control technology."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "evocative-bos1-somerville-ma",
    "name": "Evocative BOS1 (Somerville)",
    "operator": "Evocative",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.377932,
      "lon": -71.080419,
      "city": "Somerville",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "50 Inner Belt Road",
      "postalCode": "02143",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Evocative's own Boston data center page states 46,000 sq ft with 21,600 sq ft of raised floor and 6 MW of total utility power.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.evocative.com/data-centers/boston/",
        "label": "Evocative Boston (BOS1) - \"46,000 sq ft\", \"21,600 sq ft raised floor\", \"6 MW\"",
        "publisher": "Evocative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/9460",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Evocative BOS1, 50 Inner Belt Road, Somerville",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Formerly Internap/INAP Boston; acquired by Evocative. Marketed as \"Boston\" but sited in Somerville at 50 Inner Belt Road - a different building and operator from the tracked CoreSite BO1 at 70 Innerbelt Road. The 6 MW figure is total utility power stated by the operator, not IT load.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "evocative-ewr1-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "Evocative EWR1 (Secaucus)",
    "operator": "Evocative",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.787662,
      "lon": -74.068015,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "1 Enterprise Avenue North",
      "postalCode": "07094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 10
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating colocation facility on Evocative's own site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://evocative.com/data-centers/secaucus-nj-data-center-ewr1/",
        "label": "Evocative EWR1 Secaucus NJ data center page",
        "publisher": "Evocative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NJ&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 2981, 'Evocative EWR1', 1 Enterprise Ave N, Secaucus NJ 07094",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "105,000 sq ft with 10 MW total capacity, fed by 2 x 5 MW diverse underground feeds expandable to 20 MW, and four 2 MW generators in N+1 rated for 48 hours at 100% load.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Evocative lists four 400-ton air-cooled chillers in an N+1 design plus a 600 gal/min N+1 closed-loop system — a recirculating water circuit rejecting heat to air, with no evaporative tower published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "evolution-technology-bourbon-county-ks",
    "name": "Evolution Technology Bitcoin Mine (Bourbon County)",
    "operator": "Evolution Technology",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.8473,
      "lon": -94.9753,
      "city": "Uniontown",
      "county": "Bourbon",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fourstateshomepage.com/news/local/its-miserable-bitcoin-mining-facility-in-rural-kansas-too-loud-neighbors-say/",
        "label": "'It's miserable,' Bitcoin mining facility in rural Kansas too loud, neighbors say",
        "publisher": "FourStatesHomepage (KSNF/KODE)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortscott.biz/news/bourbon-county-commission-discusses-bitcoin-mining-noise-issue-cemetery-records",
        "label": "Bourbon County Commission Discusses Bitcoin Mining Noise Issue, Cemetery Records",
        "publisher": "Fort Scott Biz",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fourstateshomepage.com/news/local/evolution-tech-aims-to-resolve-noise-issues-at-bitcoin-mine/",
        "label": "Evolution Tech aims to resolve noise issues at Bitcoin mine",
        "publisher": "FourStatesHomepage (KSNF/KODE)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Rural bitcoin mine of four shipping containers of mining computers powered by on-site natural-gas generators near plugged/abandoned oil-and-gas wells (two new wells reportedly planned as of Oct 2025), operating since roughly 2023. Sustained ~80dB hum/vibration audible up to a mile away has drawn repeated neighbor complaints (e.g., Dereck Ranes); Bourbon County commissioners discussed a noise ordinance (citing Jefferson County's 45dB limit as a benchmark) and, per an Oct 16, 2025 report, voted a moratorium on expansion of the site pending resolution. Capacity (MW) not publicly disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "stranded_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "exoticridge-bulls-gap-tn",
    "name": "ExoticRidge Bulls Gap Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "ExoticRidge Crypto Company LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2535742,
      "lon": -83.086061,
      "city": "Bulls Gap",
      "county": "Hawkins",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-10",
        "note": "Proposed 8 MW bitcoin mine adjacent to a fractionation plant in Bulls Gap; blocked by a county-wide ban and the subject of pending federal litigation.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.beacontn.org/exoticridge-v-hawkins-county-fighting-back-against-an-arbitrary-data-center-ban-in-east-tennessee/",
        "label": "ExoticRidge v. Hawkins County: Fighting back against an arbitrary data center ban in East Tennessee",
        "publisher": "Beacon Center of Tennessee",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wuot.org/news/2026-04-10/conservative-think-tank-calls-local-data-center-ban-unconstitutional-in-new-civil-rights-lawsuit",
        "label": "Conservative think tank calls local data center ban 'unconstitutional' in new civil rights lawsuit",
        "publisher": "WUOT (Knoxville NPR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the Bulls Gap town point; no parcel or street address has been published. ExoticRidge is a Kentucky-based operator that runs two bitcoin mines in Kentucky and proposed this as its third site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Company states the site would generate its own electricity on site from ethane produced by an adjacent natural-gas fractionation plant — currently flared through a 45-foot pipe — rather than drawing from the local grid."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Hawkins County Commission passed a resolution in September 2025 prohibiting cryptocurrency mining and data center operations county-wide; neighbours cited noise and electricity-rate concerns. The Beacon Center of Tennessee filed a federal civil-rights suit on the company's behalf in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee in April 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-baltimore-tide-point-md",
    "name": "Expedient Baltimore - Tide Point",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2746554,
      "lon": -76.5916709,
      "city": "Baltimore",
      "county": "Baltimore city",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/expedient-baltimore-tide-point",
        "label": "datacenters.com facility profile (corroborated by datacentermap.com and baxtel.com)",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/11168593094",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/11168593094",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Located at 1050 Hull Street, Suite 150, Baltimore, MD 21230, in the Tide Point complex. 2MW critical power, 23,083 sq ft. Not named on Expedient's own /baltimore/ page (which foregrounds BWI1) but confirmed real and currently marketed via multiple independent colo directories.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-boston-medford-ma",
    "name": "Expedient Boston",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.405414,
      "lon": -71.074978,
      "city": "Medford",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "1 Cabot Road",
      "postalCode": "02155",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Operator press release documents an operating Medford data center expanded in 2017; PeeringDB carries the matching active facility record.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://expedient.com/about/media/2017-03-20-expedient-celebrates-4-million-expansion-in-boston/",
        "label": "Expedient press release, 2017-03-20 - $4 million Boston expansion, 8,000 sq ft of added raised floor at 1 Cabot Road, Medford",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/8469",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Expedient Boston, 1 Cabot Road, Medford",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "investmentUsd records the $4 million 2017 expansion the operator's own release states for THIS site - it is not a total build cost for the facility, which no source gives. Facility is over 38,000 total sq ft per the same release.",
    "investmentUsd": 4000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-bwi1-owings-mills-md",
    "name": "Expedient BWI1 (Owings Mills)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4273178,
      "lon": -76.8115503,
      "city": "Owings Mills",
      "county": "Baltimore",
      "street": "11155 Red Run Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "21117",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.expedient.com/data-centers/baltimore/",
        "label": "Expedient official Baltimore data center page",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/11167641842",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/11167641842",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed via official Expedient directory: 11155 Red Run Blvd, Suite 200, Owings Mills, MD 21117. 800kW critical IT load, 22,000 sq ft. Distinct from the Tidepoint facility in Baltimore city.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "BGE"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-cleveland-neo-oh",
    "name": "Expedient Cleveland (NEO 151 / NEO 152)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.428,
      "lon": -81.5733,
      "city": "Garfield Heights",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/expedient-communications-cleveland-data-center-neo-151/",
        "label": "NEO 151 facility page: 15166 Neo Parkway, 24,000+ sq ft, 900 kVA UPS, dual 2.5 MW generators, 600 tons cooling",
        "publisher": "cloudandcolocation.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/business/expedient-completes-third-data-center-in-hometown-cleveland",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Expedient completes third Cleveland-market data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Two-building Expedient colocation campus at 15166 and 15248 Neo Parkway in Garfield Heights (Cleveland market), operating since ~2015. No clean total critical-IT-load MW figure is published (only backup-generator sizing), so capacity is omitted. Distinct from the tracked Lumen/Ark-Involta/T5 Cuyahoga sites.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-cmh1-upper-arlington-oh",
    "name": "Expedient CMH1 (Upper Arlington)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.0578366,
      "lon": -83.078426,
      "city": "Upper Arlington",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "5000 Arlington Centre Blvd, Building One",
      "postalCode": "43220",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://expedient.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Expedient Columbus data centers — CMH1, CMH2, CMH3",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "21,591 sq ft total with 9,300 sq ft raised floor; 1.6 MW critical IT load and 3.5 MW total generator capacity. capacityMw records the critical IT load, not generator capacity. Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-cmh2-dublin-oh",
    "name": "Expedient CMH2 (Dublin)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.0907697,
      "lon": -83.1539198,
      "city": "Dublin",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "5700 Innovation Drive",
      "postalCode": "43016",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://expedient.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Expedient Columbus data centers — CMH2 at 5700 Innovation Drive",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/ohio/",
        "label": "Ohio data center location directory",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "29,208 sq ft total with 10,500 sq ft raised floor; 4.8 MW critical IT load and 6.0 MW total generator capacity. Coordinates are a street-level geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-cmh3-lewis-center-oh",
    "name": "Expedient CMH3 (Lewis Center)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1533067,
      "lon": -82.9614584,
      "city": "Lewis Center",
      "county": "Delaware",
      "street": "281 E. Powell Road",
      "postalCode": "43035",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://expedient.com/data-centers/columbus/",
        "label": "Expedient Columbus data centers — CMH3 at 281 E. Powell Road",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "102,000 sq ft total with 39,600 sq ft raised floor; 7 MW critical IT load and 10 MW total generator capacity. The street number would not geocode, so coordinates are a road-level geocode of E. Powell Road in Orange Township — approximate.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-memphis-tn",
    "name": "Expedient Memphis (MEM1)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.062965,
      "lon": -89.786143,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "3180 Players Lane",
      "postalCode": "38125",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "35,000 sq ft facility with 7,500 sq ft of raised floor, 1.5 MW of critical IT load, 2.0 MW total generator capacity and a 2N UPS configuration.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=8473",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 8473 — Expedient Memphis, 3180 Players Lane, Memphis",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://expedient.com/data-centers/memphis/",
        "label": "Expedient Memphis data center (MEM1) specifications — 1.5 MW critical load, 35,000 sq ft",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "The 1.5 MW value is the operator's stated critical IT load; aggregator listings circulating an 8 MW figure were not used.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-mke1-milwaukee-franklin-wi",
    "name": "Expedient MKE1 (Milwaukee/Franklin)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8631424,
      "lon": -87.9778759,
      "city": "Franklin",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "street": "4777 West Ironwood Drive",
      "postalCode": "53132",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.expedient.com/data-centers/milwaukee/",
        "label": "Expedient official Milwaukee data center page",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/664938835",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/664938835",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "4777 W Ironwood, Franklin, WI 53132. 1.6MW critical IT load, 27,000 sq ft, 2N UPS. Confirmed via Expedient's own directory listing Milwaukee metro (facility physically in Franklin, WI).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "We Energies"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "expedient-pit1-green-tree-pittsburgh-south-pa",
    "name": "Expedient PIT1 (Green Tree / Pittsburgh South)",
    "operator": "Expedient",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.427371,
      "lon": -80.0425212,
      "city": "Pittsburgh",
      "county": "Allegheny",
      "street": "810 Parish Street",
      "postalCode": "15220",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.expedient.com/data-centers/pittsburgh/",
        "label": "Expedient official Pittsburgh data center page",
        "publisher": "Expedient",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/537807168",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/537807168",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "810 Parish St, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 (Green Tree neighborhood). Site code PIT1, 1.8MW critical IT load, 26,000 sq ft. 'Pittsburgh South' is the OSM/aggregator alias (confirmed same address on datacentermap.com) -- this is Expedient's official PIT1/Green Tree facility, distinct from PIT2/North Shore which is not among the candidates.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fairfield-energy-center-millersport-fairfield-oh",
    "name": "Fairfield Energy Center",
    "operator": "Advanced Power",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.89806,
      "lon": -82.53861,
      "county": "Fairfield",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1300
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/opsb-schedules-local-hearings-for-2-proposed-natural-gas-plants-to-power-data-centers/922034.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: OPSB schedules local hearings for 2 proposed natural gas plants to power data centers",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Not yet approved by OPSB as of this session; still in the public-hearing phase.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "OPSB filing also proposes up to 1,000 MW of co-located battery energy storage alongside the gas generation."
    },
    "landAcres": 100,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Vantage Data Centers",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "vantage-oh2-millersport-fairfield-oh"
      ],
      "notes": "OPSB Case No. 26-160-EL-BGN; ~1,000 MW of battery energy storage included; local public hearing held Aug 17, 2026 at Millersport Junior/Senior High School. Vantage is leasing land to Advanced Power to build the plant, which would not connect to the regional grid and would serve the adjacent Vantage OH2 Millersport data center campus directly."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fairpoint-laconia-nh",
    "name": "FairPoint Laconia Data Center",
    "operator": "FairPoint Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.5317638,
      "lon": -71.4728722,
      "city": "Laconia",
      "county": "Belknap",
      "street": "762 N Main St",
      "state": "NH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/fairpoint-laconia",
        "label": "FairPoint Laconia Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Single-source finding (Baxtel directory): address and 'fully operational' status stated, but no square footage, capacity, or services detail available. Listed under the legacy 'FairPoint Communications' brand; FairPoint's New England operations are widely reported to now operate under Consolidated Communications (see the separate confirmed consolidated-communications-manchester-nh record in this same wave), so the current operating name for this specific Laconia site was not independently re-confirmed here. OSM matches a house/building at this exact address (way/768007156) with no business name attached, consistent with but not independently confirming the listing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fbi-greywolf-pocatello-id",
    "name": "FBI Grey Wolf Data Center",
    "operator": "Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S. Department of Justice)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.90482,
      "lon": -112.46388,
      "city": "Pocatello",
      "county": "Bannock",
      "street": "Duckett Byrnes Street",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.eastidahonews.com/2019/11/new-100-million-fbi-grey-wolf-data-center-opens-in-eastern-idaho/",
        "label": "New $100 million FBI 'Grey Wolf' data center opens in eastern Idaho",
        "publisher": "East Idaho News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/fbi-cuts-ribbon-on-pocatello-addition/article_0ba8e3c8-5d0e-50a6-b2da-8b75cbf79530.html",
        "label": "FBI cuts ribbon on Pocatello addition",
        "publisher": "Idaho State Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/584965860",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/584965860 — Federal Bureau of Investigation, Duckett Byrnes Street, Pocatello",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "A ~$100 million expansion (dubbed 'Grey Wolf') consolidating IT operations for the FBI, U.S. Marshals Service, a U.S. Attorney's Office, the Bureau of Prisons, and the Treasury Department, as part of a nationwide DOJ consolidation from roughly 110 data centers down to three (Pocatello, ID; Clarksburg, WV; Sterling, VA) -- reported to have generated over $135 million in savings. 140,000 sq ft total: 100,000 sq ft of secure data-center space plus 40,000 sq ft of office space. Broke ground October 2017; ribbon-cutting held 2019-11-18, with 300 staff at opening and stated room to grow by roughly 250 more over two to five years. Coordinates corrected 2026-09-12 from a Pocatello city-centroid placeholder to the OpenStreetMap POI for the FBI facility on Duckett Byrnes Street (cited below); the pin is building-level, not parcel-surveyed, hence precision remains approximate. Neither press source fetched stated a street address or MW capacity. aiClassification omitted: this is general-purpose government IT/records infrastructure, not an AI-oriented facility.",
    "investmentUsd": 100000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fermi-matador-amarillo-tx",
    "name": "Project Matador",
    "operator": "Fermi America",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.396,
      "lon": -101.543,
      "city": "Amarillo",
      "county": "Carson",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "on_site_gas",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Fermi America founded January 2025 by Rick Perry, Toby Neugebauer, and Griffin Perry. Project Matador announced on ~5,769-acre site in Carson County under 99-year lease with Texas Tech University System, adjacent to DOE Pantex Plant.",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "600MW+ natural gas turbines acquired across two deals (July 2025); COLA for four AP1000 reactors filed with NRC June 17 2025; NRC accepted COLA for review September 2025; TCEQ preliminary approval for first 6GW gas generation (November 2025); geotechnical work commenced on campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/fermi-america-acquires-600mw-of-gas-turbines-for-11gw-ai-mega-campus-in-amarillo-texas/",
        "label": "Fermi America acquires 600MW of gas turbines for 11GW AI mega campus in Amarillo, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-makes-initial-draw-on-200-million-equipment-facility-from-keystone-national-group-and-cape-commercial-finance-to-accelerate-the-delivery-of-the-first-2-3gw-of-project-matadors-11gw-private-hypergrid-campus-302693111.html",
        "label": "Fermi America Makes Initial Draw on $200M Equipment Facility to Accelerate 2.3GW Delivery",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-and-the-state-of-texas-announce-preliminary-approval-for-first-6-gw-of-one-of-the-worlds-largest-clean-natural-gas-facilities-on-project-matadors-11-gw-private-hypergrid-campus-302603582.html",
        "label": "Fermi America and State of Texas Announce TCEQ Preliminary Approval for First 6GW Natural Gas Facilities",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/large-lwr/col/fermi-energy-intel-campus",
        "label": "Fermi America Project Matador AP1000 Units 1-4 Combined License Application",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-09-10/article-7357/fermi-america-looks-to-go-public-as-nrc-accepts-cola-for-ap1000s/",
        "label": "Fermi America looks to go public as NRC accepts COLA for AP1000s",
        "publisher": "ANS Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sierraclub.org/texas/blog/2025/12/project-matador-trump-ai-data-center-texas",
        "label": "Project Matador: Massive AI Data Center in Texas Panhandle Promises Pollution",
        "publisher": "Sierra Club Texas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2025/10/10/rick-perry-ai-power-startup-fermi-ipo-zero-revenue/",
        "label": "Rick Perry's AI power startup Fermi already has a $16 billion market cap—and zero revenue",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/04/20/financially-struggling-ai-power-startup-fermi-loses-ceo-reset/",
        "label": "Financially struggling, AI power startup Fermi loses its CEO and CFO for '2.0' reset",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2071778/000121390025094424/ea0252333-11.htm",
        "label": "Fermi Inc. IPO prospectus (Form 424B4) — beneficial ownership table",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2071778/000121390026070601/ea0295478-defa14a_fermi.htm",
        "label": "Fermi Inc. proxy solicitation materials (DEFA14A), June 2026",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "11GW is the long-term ceiling for the HyperGrid campus; near-term company targets include 1GW by end of 2026 and 2.3GW first-phase delivery — these are company goals, not firm commitments. Land acreage reported variously (5,769 acres per DCD July 2025 and 5,855 acres per other sources; later company materials cite 7,570 acres on 7,570 acres); using 5,769 as the earliest confirmed figure, sourced from the gas turbine acquisition announcement. Coordinates approximate (seed-provided; site in Carson County ~12 miles NE of Amarillo, adjacent to DOE Pantex Plant). Fermi America co-founded January 2025 by former Texas Governor and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry, Toby Neugebauer (CEO, departed April 2026 after being fired 'without cause'), and Griffin Perry. IPO raised $682M on Nasdaq under ticker FRMI (October 2025), valuing company at ~$19B at opening; market cap collapsed to ~$3.4B by April 2026 after leadership exits and loss of anchor tenant ($150M LOI canceled December 2025). Company organized as a REIT; had zero revenue at IPO. Investment: equipment financing commitments exceed $600M ($500M MUFG turbine warehouse + $200M Keystone/Cape facility); projected total project cost $70–90B is a range/projection, not a firm figure — omitted from investmentUsd per data-rigor policy. Jobs: 50,000+ projected across campus lifetime — projection only, omitted from jobs field. Nuclear campus name in NRC COLA filings: 'President Donald J. Trump Advanced Energy and Intelligence Campus'; publicly marketed as Project Matador / HyperGrid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy (SPS)",
      "notes": "Initial generation: on-site natural gas. Fermi acquired 600MW+ of gas turbines in two deals (July 2025): 478MW from Firebird LNG/Siemens Energy (six SGT800 turbines + heat recovery steam generators + one SST600 steam turbine) and 135MW from GE 6B Frame units acquired from a New Jersey facility. TCEQ issued preliminary approval for up to 6GW of combined-cycle gas (November 2025); air permit secured February 2026 after ~279 public comments. Long-term plan adds four Westinghouse AP1000 reactors (~4.4GW nuclear baseload; COLA filed June 17 2025, NRC accepted two of three parts for review September 2025, Part 3 deadline December 31 2026, first reactor targeted 2031, all four by 2038) plus solar and battery storage. Fermi is also evaluating SMRs (MOU with Doosan Enerbility). Entire campus is behind-the-meter — private grid, no public utility offtake."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "No confirmed water use figures published. Community opposition raised concerns about Ogallala Aquifer impacts from combined cooling demand of gas plants and data centers. Arid Texas Panhandle location heightens water supply risk."
    },
    "landAcres": 5769,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "TCEQ air permit process (for 93 planned gas turbines) drew 279+ public comments, majority opposed. 63 contested case hearing requests filed before State Office of Administrative Hearings; 21 additional public meeting requests. Primary opposition group: Panhandle Taxpayers for Transparency. Key concerns: air quality (modeled 2,140 tpy CO and 1,591 tpy NOx), water demand, impacts on farmland and nearby cattle operations (Tyson Foods facility adjacent). Fermi bused in college students to a December 2025 public meeting, stoking further controversy.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "stakeholders": [
      {
        "name": "Rick Perry",
        "role": "founder",
        "via": "Fermi America",
        "note": "Co-founder and director of Fermi America, developer of this campus, holding 2.5% of common stock after the October 2025 IPO. Former Texas governor (2000-2015) and U.S. Energy Secretary (2017-2019).",
        "sourceIndex": 9,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      },
      {
        "name": "Griffin Perry",
        "role": "founder",
        "via": "Fermi America",
        "note": "Co-founder of Fermi America, developer of this campus, holding 19.4% of common stock after the October 2025 IPO — the second-largest individual holding.",
        "sourceIndex": 9,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toby Neugebauer",
        "role": "founder",
        "via": "Fermi America",
        "note": "Co-founder and former CEO of Fermi America, developer of this campus. As of June 2026 he was soliciting shareholder consents to call a special meeting, which the company publicly opposed.",
        "sourceIndex": 10,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "fervo-corsac-station-churchill-county-nv",
    "name": "Fervo Energy Corsac Station",
    "operator": "Fervo Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.75,
      "lon": -118.55,
      "county": "Churchill",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 115
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "The Public Utilities Commission of Nevada approved NV Energy's 'Clean Transition Tariff', enabling Fervo and NV Energy to supply 115 MW of geothermal power to Google's Nevada data centers. Construction expected to begin 2026; commercial operation targeted 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/google-fervo-nv-energy-nevada-puc-clean-energy-tariff/719472/",
        "label": "NV Energy seeks new tariff to supply Google with 24/7 power from Fervo geothermal plant",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-buys-115mw-of-geothermal-energy-to-power-nevada-data-centers/",
        "label": "Google buys 115MW of geothermal energy to power Nevada data centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/the-clean-transition-tariff-won-approval-in-nevada-whats-next-for-fervo/",
        "label": "The 'clean transition tariff' won approval in Nevada. What's next for Fervo?",
        "publisher": "Latitude Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/nevada-approves-first-of-its-kind-geothermal-power-supply-agreement/",
        "label": "Nevada approves first-of-its-kind geothermal power supply agreement",
        "publisher": "ThinkGeoEnergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "A 115 MW enhanced-geothermal plant — the first project under Nevada's Clean Transition Tariff, a novel regulatory structure (PUC-approved May 2025) that lets a hyperscaler contract dedicated 24/7 clean generation through the utility. Fervo's output is committed to Google's Nevada data centers via NV Energy; construction expected 2026, commercial operation ~2027.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Enhanced geothermal (EGS) in Nevada's Forty Mile Desert (Churchill County per Nevada Division of Minerals permits). Output routed to Google's Nevada data centers via NV Energy under the PUC-approved Clean Transition Tariff."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "geothermal",
      "offtaker": "Google (via NV Energy Clean Transition Tariff)",
      "notes": "115 MW enhanced-geothermal project structured under Nevada's first-of-its-kind Clean Transition Tariff (approved by the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada, May 2025), which routes the plant's 24/7 carbon-free output to Google's Nevada data centers with NV Energy as intermediary. Developed by Fervo (permit entity Forty Mile Desert Resources LLC); construction expected 2026, commercial operation ~2027. Distinct from Fervo's operational 3.5 MW Project Red pilot in Humboldt County."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fervo-project-red-humboldt-county-nv",
    "name": "Fervo Energy Project Red",
    "operator": "Fervo Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.9953,
      "lon": -118.1428,
      "county": "Humboldt",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-11",
        "note": "Project Red — the first commercial enhanced-geothermal (EGS) plant — reached ~3.5 MW gross output and began supplying NV Energy, following a Google-Fervo partnership announced in 2021 and drilling begun in 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/geothermal/americas-first-enhanced-geothermal-plant-just-got-up-and-running",
        "label": "America's first 'enhanced' geothermal plant just got up and running",
        "publisher": "Canary Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/sustainability/google-fervo-geothermal-energy-partnership/",
        "label": "Google and Fervo launch first-of-its-kind geothermal project",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "The first commercial enhanced-geothermal (EGS) power plant, operational since November 2023 in Humboldt County, northern Nevada, at ~3.5 MW gross. Developed by Fervo with Google as the founding corporate partner; output is sold to NV Energy, which serves Google's Nevada data centers. Small but landmark — Compute Atlas's first geothermal generation record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Enhanced geothermal (horizontal-well doublet) adjacent to the Blue Mountain geothermal field in Humboldt County, northern Nevada; power sold to NV Energy, which serves Google's Nevada data centers."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "geothermal",
      "offtaker": "Google (via NV Energy grid)",
      "notes": "Fervo's original commercial-pilot EGS facility, operational since Nov 2023 at ~3.5 MW gross — the first enhanced-geothermal plant to deliver power commercially. Google backed it as an early partner and frames it as powering the local grid serving its Nevada data centers. A larger, separate Fervo Nevada project — Corsac Station (Churchill County) under Nevada's PUC-approved Clean Transition Tariff — is the site that formally routes ~115 MW to Google and is tracked separately, not folded here."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fiberhub-las1-las-vegas-nv",
    "name": "Fiberhub LAS1",
    "operator": "Fiberhub (VegasNAP, LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.066019,
      "lon": -115.138297,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "1110 Palms Airport Dr",
      "postalCode": "89119",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-11",
        "note": "Listed with status 'ok' in PeeringDB's facility registry and as operational on dcmap.us.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NV&limit=200",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry (Nevada) - Fiberhub LAS1, org Fiberhub, 1110 Palms Airport Dr, Las Vegas 89119",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/markets/las-vegas/",
        "label": "dcmap.us Las Vegas market listing - Fiberhub LAS1, operational",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility near Harry Reid International Airport. Distinct from databank-las1-las-vegas-nv, which shares the 'LAS1' code but sits at 7185 Pollock Dr. No capacity figure was published by either cited source, so capacityMw is omitted. Coordinates are PeeringDB's registered facility point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fibernet-orem-ut",
    "name": "Fibernet Orem Data Center",
    "operator": "Fibernet",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.27619,
      "lon": -111.67595,
      "city": "Orem",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fiber.net/colocation/utah-colocation/",
        "label": "Fibernet — Utah Data Center & Colocation (1145 South 800 East, Orem, UT 84097)",
        "publisher": "Fibernet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/498543.pdf",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency of the City of Orem — meeting minutes, May 14, 2019 (only Project 90-08 remained active)",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1444291.pdf",
        "label": "Orem City RDA FY2026-27 budget public-hearing notice (University Place CDA)",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Orem's RDA minutes record only one project area active as of 2019 (Project 90-08), and current FY2026-27 RDA activity is concentrated entirely in the University Place CDA at the mall redevelopment roughly 200m west of Fibernet's 1145 South 800 East site — outside that project area's described boundary by street-corridor cross-reference, not a parcel-level GIS check. No source names Fibernet in any Orem RDA record. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Fibernet's own colocation page states the Orem facility supports 'more than 1 Megawatt of power' across 'up to 40,000 sq. ft.' — recorded as 1 MW, which is a floor, not a precise rating. A small independent colocation site rather than a hyperscale campus."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fiberstate-draper-ut",
    "name": "FiberState SLC1",
    "operator": "FiberState",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.52478,
      "lon": -111.8628,
      "city": "Draper",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.draperutah.gov/media/5baoyq5c/adopted-budget-cra-fy26-final.pdf",
        "label": "Draper City Community Reinvestment Agency FY2025-26 adopted budget — six active project-area divisions itemized",
        "publisher": "Draper City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.draperutah.gov/media/sfkbgezm/acfr-fy22-draper-city.pdf",
        "label": "Draper City FY2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Note 13 (RDA Commitments and Tax Abatements) — three abatement agreements citywide, none a data centre; most recent ACFR located",
        "publisher": "Draper City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. Draper City's Community Reinvestment Agency's FY2025-26 adopted budget itemizes six active project areas (West Freeway, Sand Hills, Crescent, East Bangerter, Frontrunner, South Mountain) with no line item for this site; the FY2022 audited financial statements (the most recent located) name only three abatement recipients citywide (Utah Steakburgers, BG Vista/Draper Holdings, Pluralsight), none a data centre. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fidium-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Fidium Des Moines Data Center",
    "operator": "Fidium (Consolidated Communications)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5868299,
      "lon": -93.6227589,
      "city": "Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "400 Locust Street, Suite 190",
      "postalCode": "50309",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-04",
        "note": "Listed as an in-service colocation facility on the operator's Iowa data center locations page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fidiumbusiness.com/network/data-center-locations/iowa",
        "label": "Iowa Data Center & Colocation Services — Des Moines",
        "publisher": "Fidium Business (Consolidated Communications)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Small carrier-hotel colocation suite: 500 sq ft of raised floor with a 65 kVA commercial generator, three redundant transformers, separate substation feeds, Liebert sub-floor cooling and biometric access. Located above the downtown flood plain. Single-source record, so confidence is 'reported.'",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "firstlight-brunswick-me",
    "name": "FirstLight Brunswick Data Center",
    "operator": "FirstLight Fiber",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.8951809,
      "lon": -69.922964,
      "city": "Brunswick",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "street": "14 Resilient Circle",
      "state": "ME",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/maine",
        "label": "Maine Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/firstlight-brunswick",
        "label": "FirstLight Brunswick Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.firstlight.net/brunswick-maine-data-center-expansion-results-in-additional-power-and-increased-capacity/",
        "label": "FirstLight — Brunswick, Maine data center expansion",
        "publisher": "FirstLight Fiber",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "OSM directly names the building 'Oxford Networks' at this exact address (way/667796922) -- Oxford Networks is a legacy regional-ISP brand confirmed (via its own website's 301 redirect during this run) to now route to firstlight.net, i.e. the same FirstLight Fiber corporate family reported in Baxtel's listing. US Census had no match for this street (likely too new for the TIGER address-range dataset -- 'Resilient Circle' is a newly-named street at the redeveloped former Brunswick Naval Air Station business park), so the OSM building match is the only geocode available here. Baxtel lists the facility as 'fully operational' with power/space figures redacted; no numeric MW capacity confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "firstlight-manchester-nh",
    "name": "FirstLight Manchester Data Center",
    "operator": "FirstLight Fiber",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.9720295,
      "lon": -71.4705697,
      "city": "Manchester",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "77 Sundial Ave",
      "state": "NH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/new-hampshire",
        "label": "New Hampshire Data Centers & Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/firstlight-manchester",
        "label": "FirstLight Manchester Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.firstlight.net/resources/data-center-manchester-nh-specifications/",
        "label": "FirstLight — Manchester, NH data center specifications",
        "publisher": "FirstLight Fiber",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Distinct from the existing FirstLight Portsmouth, NH record and from Consolidated Communications' separate Manchester site (770 Elm St, ~2 miles away) -- this facility is at 77 Sundial Ave. OSM matches a building named 'Sundial Center' spanning street numbers 1/3/25/77 Sundial Avenue (way/183679768), used in preference to the nearby US Census interpolation. Baxtel's New Hampshire directory page lists this site at roughly 14,000 sq ft; the facility-specific page describes it as a 'Tier II facility,' 'fully operational,' with power/space figures redacted pending direct contact with the operator. No numeric MW capacity confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "firstlight-portsmouth-nh-data-center-nh",
    "name": "FirstLight Portsmouth, NH Data Center",
    "operator": "FirstLight",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0761287,
      "lon": -70.8080395,
      "city": "Portsmouth",
      "county": "Rockingham",
      "street": "359 Corporate Drive",
      "state": "NH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.firstlight.net/resources/data-center-portsmouth-nh-specifications/",
        "label": "FirstLight facility directory",
        "publisher": "FirstLight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/87058670",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/87058670",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 359 Corporate Drive, Portsmouth, NH, on FirstLight's own domain (firstlight.net/resources/data-center-portsmouth-nh-specifications/), corroborated by Baxtel (https://baxtel.com/data-center/firstlight-portsmouth). Carrier-neutral operational colocation facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "firstlight-rockland-ma",
    "name": "FirstLight Rockland Data Center (formerly ColoSpace)",
    "operator": "FirstLight Fiber",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.166264,
      "lon": -70.898347,
      "city": "Rockland",
      "county": "Plymouth",
      "street": "1050 Hingham Street",
      "postalCode": "02370",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Active PeeringDB facility record under FirstLight Fiber, Inc. at 1050 Hingham Street, Rockland.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/3459",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: ColoSpace - Rockland, MA, 1050 Hingham Street (org: FirstLight Fiber, Inc.)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "ColoSpace was acquired by FirstLight and the facility record is now maintained under FirstLight Fiber, Inc. Only the Rockland site is proposed here: FirstLight's sibling PeeringDB record for 265 Winter Street, Waltham carries the note \"FirstLight vacated this location in 2022\", so that site was deliberately NOT emitted, and the FirstLight Somerville entry shares 70 Innerbelt Road with the tracked CoreSite BO1.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "firstlight-williston-vt",
    "name": "FirstLight Data Center (Williston, VT)",
    "operator": "FirstLight Fiber",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.4502206,
      "lon": -73.1275724,
      "city": "Williston",
      "county": "Chittenden",
      "street": "45 Krupp Drive",
      "state": "VT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/firstlight-burlington",
        "label": "FirstLight Burlington Data Center (address resolves to Williston, VT -- see notes)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "IMPORTANT CORRECTION TO SOURCE DATA: Baxtel's directory lists this facility as 'FirstLight Burlington,' but the street address (45 Krupp Dr) does not exist in Burlington -- both the US Census geocoder and OSM Nominatim resolve it unambiguously to Williston, VT (OSM building match way/620853160, 'Krupp Drive... Williston, Chittenden County'; Census independently confirms '45 KRUPP DR, WILLISTON, VT, 05495'). Recorded here under its true municipality (Williston) per this wave's geocoding-verification requirement rather than the aggregator's market-name label. Only a single third-party directory source was found for this facility's existence at all (no operator-page confirmation succeeded), and given the source's demonstrated city error, confidence is 'reported' rather than 'confirmed.' No square footage or capacity figures available; Baxtel lists it as 'Fully operational.'",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fisk-quantum-leap-nashville-tn",
    "name": "Fisk University Quantum Leap Innovation & Technology Center",
    "operator": "Fisk University",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1667902,
      "lon": -86.7973014,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "street": "Herman Street at 17th Avenue North",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 30
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260819034031/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/fisk-university-looks-to-build-data-center-in-nashville-tennessee/",
        "label": "Fisk University looks to build data center in Nashville, Tennessee",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics (archived)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/06/08/what-know-about-data-center-planned-nashville-hbcu-fisk-universitys-campus/",
        "label": "What to know about the data center planned for Nashville HBCU Fisk University's campus",
        "publisher": "WSMV 4 Nashville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Announced May 2026 as the anchor of Fisk's ~$1 billion \"Quantum Leap\" campus master plan. The 100,000 sq ft Innovation & Technology Center splits into 30,000 sq ft of academic space and a 70,000 sq ft, 30MW technology shell that DCD reports will be set aside for a data-center partner not yet named; the $400m figure is that portion of the project, not the whole master plan. Fisk itself avoids the phrase \"data center\" and calls it an Innovation & Technology Center. Site is five undeveloped acres, a former athletics track just west of Johnson Gymnasium at 17th Avenue North and Herman Street in the 37208 ZIP. Still awaiting Nashville Metropolitan Planning Commission approval as of the sources' dates, so status is proposed. Coordinates are a geocode of Herman Street within 37208, not a parcel; no source states lat/lon. No subsidy agreement is mentioned in either source.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Nashville Electric Service",
      "notes": "Don Hardin, whose construction management firm is a partner on the project, said Nashville Electric Service assured developers it can handle the facility's 30-megawatt need (WSMV, 2026-06-08). No on-site generation is described in either source."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 400000000,
    "landAcres": 5,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Two petitions circulated against the plan within weeks of the May 2026 announcement, one on Change.org with more than 4,200 signatures and another with more than 360, and residents and Fisk alumni spoke against it. Objections cited in the coverage are the project's break with the university's civil-rights history and unknown environmental, water, energy and noise effects, not a specific documented harm.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "five-up-realty-eynon-jermyn-road-archbald-pa",
    "name": "Eynon Jermyn Road Data Center Campus (former auto salvage yard)",
    "operator": "Five Up Realty LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.509,
      "lon": -75.535,
      "city": "Archbald",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "street": "Eynon Jermyn Road",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04-10",
        "note": "Zoning application filed to convert an operating auto salvage yard to a data center campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/developer-seeks-convert-archbald-junkyard-000700860.html",
        "label": "Developer seeks to convert Archbald junkyard to data centers",
        "publisher": "The Times-Tribune (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Three two-story buildings of roughly 150,000 sq ft footprint each, under 70 feet tall, plus a 20,000 sq ft office building, equipment yards and a 211,000 sq ft electrical substation yard on 86.1 acres. The site sits in a C-2 general commercial district where data centers were principally permitted; the borough has been moving to make them conditional uses. Principal named in the filing: James Marzolino. No capacity figure has been published.",
    "landAcres": 86.1,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fleet-data-centers-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Fleet Data Centers Storey County Campus (South Valley & Peru Ridge)",
    "operator": "Fleet Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.53,
      "lon": -119.43,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05-20",
        "note": "Groundbreaking attended by Gov. Joe Lombardo at TRIC along USA Parkway.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/fleet-data-centers-closes-46bn-in-senior-secured-notes-for-230mw-storey-county-campus/",
        "label": "Fleet Data Centers closes $4.6bn in senior secured notes for 230MW Storey County campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nnbw.com/news/2026/jun/02/fleet-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-2-facilities/",
        "label": "Fleet Data Centers breaks ground on 2 facilities",
        "publisher": "Northern Nevada Business Weekly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/2026/jun/09/nevada-data-center-firm-working-on-two-campuses-at-tahoe-reno-industrial-center/",
        "label": "Data center firm working on 2 campuses at Tahoe Reno Industrial Center",
        "publisher": "Nevada Appeal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kolotv.com/2026/05/20/gov-lombardo-construction-companies-break-ground-2-million-sq-ft-data-center-storey-co/",
        "label": "Gov. Lombardo, construction companies break ground on 2 million sq. ft. data center in Storey Co.",
        "publisher": "KOLO 8 News Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.carsonnow.org/05/03/2026/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "Carson Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Two adjacent TRIC campuses (South Valley and Peru Ridge) along USA Parkway in Storey County, dual two-story buildings each, ~769-acre combined footprint and a reported combined ~400MW of critical compute plus ~30MW/campus utility power. Fully leased to an unnamed AA-rated, investment-grade tenant (market cap >$3T) under a ~16.4-year triple-net lease; Fleet closed $4.6B in senior secured notes for a 230MW Storey County campus. Groundbreaking May 2026. Coordinates approximate to the TRIC/USA Parkway area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 362,
      "notes": "Fleet filed applications with Nevada state energy regulators on 20 April 2026 for temporary behind-the-meter generation — 144 MW at South Valley and 218 MW at Peru Ridge, about 362 MW combined — using natural gas and diesel engines fed by round-the-clock LNG/CNG deliveries. The plants are intended to run two to three years until NV Energy can scale permanent service to the campuses. Air-quality permit applications were submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection."
    },
    "landAcres": 769,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Sierra Club Toiyabe Chapter said behind-the-meter self-generation locks the public out of the regulatory process by reducing oversight; Storey County officials described the arrangement as a new development for industrial power generation at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "fleet-peru-ridge-self-generation-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Fleet Data Centers Peru Ridge Self-Generation Project",
    "operator": "Fleet Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5312,
      "lon": -119.4922,
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 218
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-20",
        "note": "Application filed with Nevada state energy regulators; air-quality permit application submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.carsonnow.org/05/03/2026/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "Carson Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Dedicated, temporary on-site generation proposed for Fleet's Peru Ridge data center campus on Peru Drive in the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Peru Drive in Storey County, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter temporary generation using natural gas and diesel engines requiring round-the-clock deliveries of liquefied or compressed natural gas."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Environmental advocates, including the Sierra Club Toiyabe Chapter, objected that behind-the-meter generation reduces public regulatory oversight.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Fleet Data Centers",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "fleet-data-centers-storey-county-nv"
      ],
      "notes": "Filed as the 'Peru Ridge Self-Generation Project'; together with the 144 MW South Valley project it accounts for about 362 MW of proposed temporary on-site generation at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center, intended to run two to three years until NV Energy can serve the campuses."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fleet-south-valley-self-generation-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Fleet Data Centers South Valley Self-Generation Project",
    "operator": "Fleet Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5101,
      "lon": -119.4561,
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 144
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-20",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-20",
        "note": "Application filed with Nevada state energy regulators for temporary self-generation; air-quality permit application also submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.carsonnow.org/05/03/2026/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "Carson Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Dedicated, temporary on-site generation proposed to power Fleet's South Valley data center campus at the southern end of USA Parkway in the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center. Construction reported as early 2027 through end of 2027. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of USA Parkway in Storey County, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter temporary generation using natural gas fueled reciprocating engines, supplied by round-the-clock deliveries of liquefied/compressed natural gas held in on-site tanks."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Sierra Club Toiyabe Chapter criticized behind-the-meter generation as locking the public out of the regulatory process; county officials described it as a new development for industrial power generation at TRIC.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Fleet Data Centers",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "fleet-data-centers-storey-county-nv"
      ],
      "unitCount": 90,
      "notes": "Reported as roughly 90 natural gas fueled engines with about 40 LNG holding tanks, intended to run for two to three years until NV Energy can provide permanent service to the South Valley data center campus at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-allentown-data-center-abe01-pa",
    "name": "Flexential Allentown Data Center (ABE01)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6356953,
      "lon": -75.4575733,
      "city": "Allentown",
      "county": "Lehigh",
      "street": "744 Roble Road",
      "postalCode": "18109",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/pa/allentown/data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/296374269",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/296374269",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "744 Roble Rd, Allentown PA (ABE01), formerly ViaWest/Peak10 per baxtel/UPSTACK corroboration.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-atlanta-alpharetta-data-center-ga",
    "name": "Flexential Atlanta - Alpharetta Data Center",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0869864,
      "lon": -84.2518184,
      "city": "Alpharetta",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "street": "12655 Edison Drive",
      "postalCode": "30022",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ga/atlanta/alpharetta-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/39083797",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/39083797",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Baxtel corroborates 3 Atlanta-market Flexential sites (incl. new Norcross 2 under construction).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-atlanta-douglasville-1-ga",
    "name": "Flexential Atlanta - Douglasville 1",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7310574,
      "lon": -84.6160809,
      "city": "Douglasville",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 22.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ga/atlanta/douglasville-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1097502168",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1097502168",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/digitalocean-to-deploy-gpus-at-flexential-data-center-in-atlanta/",
        "label": "Flexential AI/HPC — DigitalOcean GPU Droplets on NVIDIA H200 + AMD Instinct, two data hall",
        "publisher": "datacenterdynamics.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/georgia/atlanta/flexential-atlanta-douglasville/",
        "label": "Flexential Douglasville 1 — datacentermap.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "1700 N River Rd, 205,000 sqft, 22.5MW, Gen 5 design. AI/HPC (confirmed): DigitalOcean GPU Droplets on NVIDIA H200 + AMD Instinct, two data halls.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Metro colocation facility (22.5 MW total power, operational 2023) in the Georgia Power service area. No source found naming a specific utility partnership, on-site generation program, or renewable arrangement — standard grid service with backup diesel is the default assumption for this facility class."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-atlanta-douglasville-2-ga",
    "name": "Flexential Atlanta - Douglasville 2",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7307027,
      "lon": -84.6112398,
      "city": "Douglasville",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "1750 N River Rd",
      "postalCode": "30122",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ga/atlanta/douglasville-2-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1258702591",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1258702591",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Distinct Flexential metro campus; not the same site as DC BLOX Atlanta West (different operator, 7.9km away).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-atlanta-norcross-atl01-02-ga",
    "name": "Flexential Atlanta - Norcross (ATL01/02)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9547396,
      "lon": -84.1985246,
      "city": "Norcross",
      "county": "Gwinnett",
      "street": "2775 Northwoods Parkway",
      "postalCode": "30071",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ga/atlanta/norcross-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/392324240",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/392324240",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via Flexential facility page + DataCenterJournal/datacenterHawk; 2775 Northwoods Pkwy NW, 42,442 sqft. Distinct from DC BLOX (36.7km away, different operator).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-charlotte-north-clt04-05-nc",
    "name": "Flexential Charlotte - North (CLT04/05)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.329773,
      "lon": -80.7657588,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "street": "10105 David Taylor Drive",
      "postalCode": "28262",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/nc/charlotte/north-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page (corroborated by DataCenterJournal CLT04/05 listing)",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1307920829",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1307920829",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 10105 David Taylor Dr, Charlotte, NC 28262. Distinct from PowerHouse Charlotte Campus (different operator).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Duke Energy Carolinas"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-charlotte-south-clt01-02-03-nc",
    "name": "Flexential Charlotte - South (CLT01/02/03)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.1354147,
      "lon": -80.9368313,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "street": "8910 Lenox Pointe Drive",
      "postalCode": "28272",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.36
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/nc/charlotte/south-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/215630401",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/215630401",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "8910 Lenox Pointe Dr Suite A, Charlotte NC 28273, 2.36MW per DataCenterJournal/datacenterHawk (CLT01/02/03 campus).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Duke Energy Carolinas"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-cincinnati-cin01-02-oh",
    "name": "Flexential Cincinnati (CIN01/02)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3159313,
      "lon": -84.4494638,
      "city": "West Chester Township",
      "county": "Butler",
      "street": "5307 Muhlhauser Road",
      "postalCode": "45011",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/oh/cincinnati/data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page (corroborated by DataCenterJournal CIN01/02 listing)",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112201416",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112201416",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 5307 Muhlhauser Rd, West Chester, OH 45011. Distinct from Prologis Project Mila (different operator).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Duke Energy Ohio"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-cottonwood-heights-ut",
    "name": "Flexential Cottonwood",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.61347,
      "lon": -111.82565,
      "city": "Cottonwood Heights",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1088841.pdf",
        "label": "Cottonwood Heights CDRA — Canyon Centre CDA Analysis (LRB Public Finance Advisors, 20 Feb 2024); Canyon Centre is the agency's only established project area and lies at a different location from this site",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. Cottonwood Heights' CDRA (created 2006) has established exactly one project area citywide, Canyon Centre CDA (3700 East 7000 South, at Fort Union Blvd/Wasatch Blvd) — a materially different location from this site at 6340 South 3000 East — per a 2024 CDRA project-area analysis; no other project area or agreement is documented. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-dallas-downtown-dallas-tx",
    "name": "Flexential Dallas - Downtown Dallas",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8004101,
      "lon": -96.8193707,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "1950 North Stemmons Freeway",
      "postalCode": "75207",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/tx/dallas/downtown-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112238944",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112238944",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Flexential operates multiple Dallas-metro facilities (Richardson/Plano/Downtown); baxtel corroborates 3 Dallas-market sites.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-dallas-plano-tx",
    "name": "Flexential Dallas - Plano",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.007033,
      "lon": -96.6663507,
      "city": "Plano",
      "county": "Collin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 13
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/tx/dallas/plano-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/650412346",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/650412346",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/flexential-to-host-coreweave-hardware-in-plano-data-center-texas/",
        "label": "Flexential AI/HPC — CoreWeave 13MW liquid-cooled high-density GPU deployment, up to 80kW/r",
        "publisher": "datacenterdynamics.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/dallas/flexential-plano/specs/",
        "label": "Flexential Dallas-Plano specs — datacentermap.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/design/article/33015029/dcf-tours-flexential-dallas-plano-data-center-18-mw-colocation-facility",
        "label": "DCF Tours: Flexential Dallas-Plano Data Center, 18 MW Colocation Facility",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Gen 4, 261,400+ sqft, up to 80kW+/cabinet liquid cooling - distinct site from Richardson. AI/HPC (confirmed): CoreWeave 13MW liquid-cooled high-density GPU deployment, up to 80kW/rack.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "Former ViaWest/Peak10 facility (built 2016) with Oncor as the listed utility provider. Features 29 MW of redundant diesel backup generation capacity, but this is standby/backup capacity, not a defining behind-the-meter on-site generation arrangement. Standard grid-served colocation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-dallas-richardson-tx",
    "name": "Flexential Dallas - Richardson",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9948122,
      "lon": -96.7524974,
      "city": "Richardson",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "3010 Waterview Parkway",
      "postalCode": "75080",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/tx/dallas/richardson-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/548184239",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/548184239",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3010 Waterview Pkwy, 100,807 sqft, enterprise-class facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-denver-aurora-den03-co",
    "name": "Flexential Denver - Aurora (DEN03)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6610488,
      "lon": -104.8488321,
      "city": "Aurora",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "street": "11900 East Cornell Avenue",
      "postalCode": "80014",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/co/denver/aurora-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page (corroborated by DataCenterJournal DEN03 listing)",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112270180",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112270180",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address ~11900 E Cornell Ave, Aurora, CO. Distinct from QTS Aurora-Denver (DEN1) which is a different operator's campus 12km away.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Xcel Energy"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-denver-centennial-den05-co",
    "name": "Flexential Denver - Centennial (DEN05)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5938733,
      "lon": -104.8431597,
      "city": "Centennial",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "street": "12500 East Arapahoe Road",
      "postalCode": "80112",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/co/denver/centennial-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/11400893880",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/11400893880",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 12500 E Arapahoe Rd, Centennial CO 80112. Confirmed via DataCenterJournal (DEN05) and datacenterHawk.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-denver-downtown-champa-co",
    "name": "Flexential Denver - Downtown (Champa)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7459702,
      "lon": -104.9941589,
      "city": "Denver",
      "county": "Denver",
      "street": "1500 Champa Street",
      "postalCode": "80202",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/co/denver/downtown-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112236372",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112236372",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 1500 Champa St #100, Denver CO 80202 per WebSearch corroboration; distinct facility from Centennial/Englewood sites.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Xcel Energy"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-denver-englewood-co",
    "name": "Flexential Denver - Englewood",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.558994,
      "lon": -104.8375559,
      "city": "Englewood",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "street": "8636 South Peoria Street",
      "postalCode": "80112",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/co/denver/englewood-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/377545385",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/377545385",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "8636 S Peoria St, Englewood CO, 18MW per datacentermap corroboration; distinct from Centennial (12500 E Arapahoe Rd) and Downtown Denver (1500 Champa St).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Core Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-fort-lauderdale-fll01-02-fl",
    "name": "Flexential Fort Lauderdale (FLL01/02)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 26.1900857,
      "lon": -80.1932967,
      "city": "Fort Lauderdale",
      "county": "Broward",
      "street": "5301 Northwest 33rd Avenue",
      "postalCode": "33309",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/fl/fort-lauderdale/data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/741629998",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/741629998",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "5301 NW 33rd Ave, 64,164 sqft, hurricane-resistant facility.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Florida Power & Light (FPL)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-jacksonville-fl",
    "name": "Flexential Jacksonville",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.2457482,
      "lon": -81.5817226,
      "city": "Jacksonville",
      "county": "Duval",
      "street": "4905 Belfort Road",
      "postalCode": "32256",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/fl/jacksonville/data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112266917",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112266917",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Baxtel corroborates Flexential Jacksonville presence.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-kaufman-county-talty-tx",
    "name": "Flexential Kaufman County Campus (Talty)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.689,
      "lon": -96.3378,
      "city": "Talty",
      "county": "Kaufman",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 108
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-28",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/flexential-to-build-new-dallas-area-data-center-campus-on-110-acres-in-kaufman-county-302836104.html",
        "label": "Flexential to Build New Dallas-Area Data Center Campus on 110 Acres in Kaufman County",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Fourth and largest Flexential North Texas campus; phase 1 is a 375,000 sq ft, 36MW building with room for two more 36MW buildings (108MW full build-out). Site work targeted early 2027; first customers late 2028. Distinct site from Flexential's existing Dallas Downtown/Plano/Richardson facilities already tracked.",
    "landAcres": 110,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-las-vegas-downtown-nv",
    "name": "Flexential Las Vegas - Downtown",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1686438,
      "lon": -115.1431445,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "304 East Carson Avenue",
      "postalCode": "89101",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/nv/las-vegas/downtown-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1379421123",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1379421123",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address ~302-304 E. Carson Ave, Las Vegas. Distinct from Google Henderson (different operator, 15.4km away).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-las-vegas-north-las04-nv",
    "name": "Flexential Las Vegas - North (LAS04)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2481633,
      "lon": -115.1012553,
      "city": "North Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "3330 East Lone Mountain Road",
      "postalCode": "89081",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 9
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/nv/las-vegas/north-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/746278786",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/746278786",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3330 E Lone Mountain Rd, 111,000+ sqft, 9MW.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-louisville-downtown-ky",
    "name": "Flexential Louisville - Downtown",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.242501,
      "lon": -85.733336,
      "city": "Louisville",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "street": "752 Barret Avenue",
      "postalCode": "40204",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ky/louisville/downtown-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/330276516",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/330276516",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "752 Barret Ave, Louisville KY 40204 per cloudandcolocation corroboration.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "LG&E"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-louisville-east-nas-equivalent-lou-east-ky",
    "name": "Flexential Louisville - East (NAS-equivalent LOU-East)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.2771906,
      "lon": -85.5072402,
      "city": "Louisville",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "street": "2101 Nelson Miller Parkway",
      "postalCode": "40223",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ky/louisville/east-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/329551673",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/329551673",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "2101 Nelson Miller Pkwy, Louisville KY per datacenterHawk; distinct from Downtown Louisville site (752 Barret Ave).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "LG&E"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-minneapolis-chaska-msp01-mn",
    "name": "Flexential Minneapolis - Chaska (MSP01)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8516116,
      "lon": -93.5988964,
      "city": "Chaska",
      "county": "Carver",
      "street": "3500 Lyman Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "55318",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 9
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/mn/minneapolis/chaska-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/52227492",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/52227492",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3500 Lyman Blvd, Chaska MN 55318, 9MW facility (MSP01) per datacenterHawk/inflect corroboration.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "City of Chaska"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-nashville-brentwood-nas01-04-tn",
    "name": "Flexential Nashville - Brentwood (NAS01/04)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9727294,
      "lon": -86.8084949,
      "city": "Brentwood",
      "county": "Williamson",
      "street": "7100 Commerce Way",
      "postalCode": "37027",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/tn/nashville/brentwood-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112295055",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112295055",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 7100 Commerce Way Suite 25, Brentwood TN 37027 per DataCenterJournal (NAS01/04).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-nashville-cool-springs-tn",
    "name": "Flexential Nashville - Cool Springs",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.951045,
      "lon": -86.833406,
      "city": "Franklin",
      "county": "Williamson",
      "street": "425 Duke Drive",
      "postalCode": "37067",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3.15
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/tn/nashville/cool-springs-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1210515186",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1210515186",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "74,679 sqft, 3.15MW.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Middle Tennessee Electric"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-nashville-franklin-tn",
    "name": "Flexential Nashville - Franklin",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9204203,
      "lon": -86.8155401,
      "city": "Franklin",
      "county": "Williamson",
      "street": "4600 Carothers Parkway",
      "postalCode": "37067",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/tn/nashville/franklin-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/942604537",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/942604537",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "6MW facility per DataCenterMap, distinct from Cool Springs (also in Franklin, TN).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Middle Tennessee Electric"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-parker-co",
    "name": "Flexential Parker (Compark)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5620551,
      "lon": -104.8119323,
      "city": "Parker",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "Compark Boulevard",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 22.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "note": "Reported under construction in the Compark Village development as Douglas County commissioners prepared to vote on an incentive agreement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2026/08/11/parker-data-center-could-get-19m-tax-rebate-from-douglas-county/",
        "label": "Parker data center could get $19M tax rebate from Douglas County",
        "publisher": "Colorado Politics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "249,000 sq ft on 17 acres on Compark Boulevard near South Chambers Road. The town of Parker approved rezoning and a data center overlay district in February 2024 after a January 2024 planning-commission approval. A $19.3 million Douglas County business-personal-property tax rebate over 35 years was scheduled for a commissioner vote the week of 2026-08-11; it is not recorded here as a subsidy because the award had not been made as of the source date. County estimate of 16 permanent positions; company representatives suggested 30-50. Coordinates are an approximate Compark Boulevard geocode, not parcel-confirmed. Distinct from Flexential's existing Aurora, Centennial, Downtown and Englewood Denver-market sites.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "CORE Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop liquid cooling targeting zero water usage effectiveness, per the county incentive review."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 205000000,
    "landAcres": 17,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 16,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Parker's planning commission (Jan. 2024) and Town Council (Feb. 2024) both approved the rezoning/data-center overlay district unanimously; no resident opposition to the facility itself is documented in this source. A separate, later debate (checked 2026-08-11) concerns a possible $19M Douglas County tax rebate -- the article covers statewide water/energy-consumption-vs-jobs debate in general terms but records no opposition testimony specific to this rebate or this site; Parker itself is 'not offering tax incentives for the project' per the article, without stated rationale.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-philadelphia-collegeville-phl01-pa",
    "name": "Flexential Philadelphia - Collegeville (PHL01)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1522366,
      "lon": -75.4776181,
      "city": "Collegeville",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "street": "101 Troutman Road",
      "postalCode": "19426",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/pa/philadelphia/collegeville-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1178609569",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1178609569",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/flexential-philadelphia-collegeville",
        "label": "Flexential PHL01 listing — datacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "101 Troutman Rd, 203,703 sqft, 7MW, NVIDIA DGX-Ready Data Center certified; hosts Penn Advanced Research Computing Center partnership (PRNewswire) - real AI/HPC evidence.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PECO",
      "notes": "Standard metro colocation facility connected to the PECO Energy Company grid, with 2(N+1) redundant UPS (7.2 MW critical load) and on-site diesel backup generation for reliability. No site-specific renewable PPA or defining on-site generation story found."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-phoenix-deer-valley-az",
    "name": "Flexential Phoenix - Deer Valley",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6846775,
      "lon": -112.0983398,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "1850 West Deer Valley Road",
      "postalCode": "85027",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5.02
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/az/phoenix/deer-valley-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/157362579",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/157362579",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "1850 W Deer Valley Rd, Phoenix AZ 85027, 5.02MW facility per datacenterHawk corroboration.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-portland-hillsboro-1-pdx01-or",
    "name": "Flexential Portland - Hillsboro 1 (PDX01)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5498253,
      "lon": -122.8908454,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "3935 NE Aloclek Drive",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/or/portland/hillsboro1-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/328703598",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/328703598",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3935 NE Aloclek Dr Building C, Hillsboro OR, 5.3MW (PDX01) per DataCenterJournal/baxtel.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-portland-hillsboro-2-or",
    "name": "Flexential Portland - Hillsboro 2",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.558302,
      "lon": -122.9171647,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "5737 Northeast Huffman Street",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/or/portland/hillsboro2-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/471691760",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/471691760",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "18MW, 5737 NE Huffman St, subsea cable termination point.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-portland-hillsboro-3-or",
    "name": "Flexential Portland - Hillsboro 3",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5594805,
      "lon": -122.9382011,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "5419 Northeast Starr Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/or/portland/hillsboro3-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/918873142",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/918873142",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "5419 NE Starr Blvd, 36MW, distinct site adjacent to Hillsboro 4/5.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-portland-hillsboro-4-pdx04-or",
    "name": "Flexential Portland - Hillsboro 4 (PDX04)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5553133,
      "lon": -122.9401317,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "4915 Northeast Starr Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/or/portland/hillsboro4-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/860433344",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/860433344",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/resources/press-release/flexential-acquires-prime-property-hillsboro-plans-new-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential Hillsboro press release (via search) — flexential.com resources/press-release",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "CORRECTED sourceUrl - candidate's supplied URL pointed to Hillsboro 5 page in error. 4915 NE Starr Blvd, 138,000 sqft, 18MW, fully leased, delivers GPU/CPU-ready environments per press coverage.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)",
      "notes": "Connected to PGE's Sunset Reliability Center grid with high-priority 24/7 diesel-fuel access under PGE's Dispatchable Standby Generation program."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-portland-hillsboro-5-or",
    "name": "Flexential Portland - Hillsboro 5",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5564617,
      "lon": -122.9394058,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "4975 NE Starr Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Described by Flexential as a 358,000 sq ft, 36 MW facility under construction and expected to come online the following year.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-05-28",
        "note": "Flexential closed on the purchase of the Hillsboro 4 and Hillsboro 5 buildings, describing Hillsboro 5 as an operational two-storey multi-tenant facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/flexential-secures-strategic-real-estate-ownership-in-hillsboro-oregon-with-acquisition-of-two-data-center-properties-302783801.html",
        "label": "Flexential Secures Strategic Real Estate Ownership in Hillsboro, Oregon, with Acquisition of Two Data Center Properties",
        "publisher": "Flexential via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/flexential-acquires-prime-property-in-hillsboro-plans-new-data-center-as-next-phase-of-expansion-302546009.html",
        "label": "Flexential Acquires Prime Property in Hillsboro, Plans New Data Center as Next Phase of Expansion",
        "publisher": "Flexential via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "358,000 sq ft two-storey multi-tenant building on the NE Starr Boulevard campus, adjacent to the tracked Hillsboro 4. Built as a T5 build-to-suit and bought by Flexential in May 2026.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-portland-hillsboro-6-or",
    "name": "Flexential Portland - Hillsboro 6",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5472442,
      "lon": -122.8910057,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "3935 NE Aloclek Place",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 27
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Flexential announced the acquisition of the 3935 NE Aloclek Place property, across from its Hillsboro 1 data center, for a planned 350,000 sq ft two-storey, 27 MW facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/flexential-acquires-prime-property-in-hillsboro-plans-new-data-center-as-next-phase-of-expansion-302546009.html",
        "label": "Flexential Acquires Prime Property in Hillsboro, Plans New Data Center as Next Phase of Expansion",
        "publisher": "Flexential via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Planned sixth Flexential building in Hillsboro: 350,000 sq ft, two storeys, 27 MW. Coordinates are a street-level approximation of NE Aloclek Place; the exact parcel has not been geocoded. Local reporting places the project inside the City of Hillsboro's 120-day data-center land-use moratorium adopted 27 July 2026. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the operator's own acquisition press release (2026-09-10); it covers only market positioning, infrastructure advantages, and financial backing. No community reaction, hearing, or official statement of support/opposition documented in this source.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-raleigh-ral02-ral03-nc",
    "name": "Flexential Raleigh (RAL02/RAL03)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.8505281,
      "lon": -78.8291431,
      "city": "Morrisville",
      "county": "Wake",
      "street": "5150 McCrimmon Parkway",
      "postalCode": "27560",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/nc/raleigh/data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112361725",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112361725",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "5150 McCrimmon Pkwy, Morrisville NC (former Peak 10 facility, rebranded Flexential 2018). Second Raleigh-area facility also reported as planned expansion.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-richmond-ric01-02-va",
    "name": "Flexential Richmond (RIC01/02)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6468902,
      "lon": -77.4386952,
      "city": "Richmond",
      "county": "Henrico",
      "street": "8851 Park Central Drive",
      "postalCode": "23227",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/va/richmond/data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page (corroborated by DataCenterJournal RIC01/02 listing)",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/257581364",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/257581364",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 8851 Park Central Dr, Richmond, VA 23227. Distinct from Mountain Road Technology Park (different operator, 10km away).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-salisbury-henderson-grove-nc",
    "name": "Flexential Salisbury (Henderson Grove Church Road)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6288,
      "lon": -80.5054,
      "city": "Salisbury",
      "county": "Rowan",
      "street": "Henderson Grove Church Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 55
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "note": "Salisbury Planning Board unanimously found the conditional district application consistent with the Forward 2040 Plan and recommended City Council approval of the 296,000+ sq ft facility across three parcels totaling 95+ acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salisburypost.com/2026/08/12/salisbury-planning-recommends-henderson-grove-church-data-center-approval/",
        "label": "Salisbury Planning recommends Henderson Grove Church data center approval",
        "publisher": "Salisbury Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.salisburypost.com/2026/04/15/salisbury-presents-proposed-henderson-grove-church-road-data-center-to-community-members-faces-concerns/",
        "label": "Salisbury presents proposed Henderson Grove Church Road data center to community members, faces concerns",
        "publisher": "Salisbury Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Developed by Trammell Crow Company with Flexential named as the end user. Distinct from the three tracked Flexential NC sites (Charlotte North, Charlotte South, Raleigh).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "Estimated peak electricity usage of 55 MW, described as approved by Duke Energy."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling required under Salisbury's data center text amendment; water demand estimated at 1,000 gallons/day average and 1,250 gallons/day peak, for bathroom and cafeteria use only."
    },
    "landAcres": 95,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 90 residents attended an April 2026 town hall on the proposed Henderson Grove Church Road data center, submitting written concerns ranging from demanding the project be stopped to questions about power/water demand and emergency response; advocacy group Down Home North Carolina criticized the meeting format. At an August 2026 Salisbury Planning Board courtesy hearing, resident Dina Parker spoke against the rezoning citing insufficient environmental-impact research and residential proximity; no residents are documented speaking in support (only the applicant's representative spoke favorably).",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-salt-lake-city-downtown-ut",
    "name": "Flexential Salt Lake City - Downtown",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7563065,
      "lon": -111.9548375,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "street": "572 South Delong Street",
      "postalCode": "84104",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2.65
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ut/salt-lake-city/downtown-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/729696933",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/729696933",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cra.slc.gov/project-areas/",
        "label": "Project Areas — Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City (8 current RDA/CRA project areas)",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "44,550 sqft, 2.65MW. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. None of Salt Lake City's 8 RDA/CRA project areas' published boundary descriptions place 572 South Delong St inside them — it sits south of Depot District's 400 South line and east of the 9 Line corridor — but this exclusion rests on published boundary descriptions, not a parcel-level GIS overlay (Salt Lake County's parcel viewer could not be queried this session). No source names Flexential in any RDA participation agreement, project-area annual report, or board minutes. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-salt-lake-city-fair-park-ut",
    "name": "Flexential Salt Lake City - Fair Park",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7667963,
      "lon": -111.9202947,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "street": "118 South 1000 West",
      "postalCode": "84104",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ut/salt-lake-city/fair-park-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1121188409",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1121188409",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rda.slc.gov/projects/north-temple-project-area/",
        "label": "North Temple Project Area — Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "22,539 sqft, 490kW, distinct from Downtown/Millcreek SLC sites. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Flexential's Fair Park site (118 South 1000 West) sits south of North Temple, on the opposite side of the corridor from the RDA's North Temple Project Area transit-oriented redevelopment activity; the project area's own boundary-map PDF could not be retrieved this session to confirm the exact southern boundary line, so this is a published-description exclusion, not a parcel-level GIS check. No RDA participation agreement, project-area page, or board minutes names Flexential or a Fair Park data center. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-salt-lake-city-lindon-ut",
    "name": "Flexential Salt Lake City - Lindon",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.332648,
      "lon": -111.7278754,
      "city": "Lindon",
      "county": "Utah",
      "street": "333 South 520 West",
      "postalCode": "84042",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ut/salt-lake-city/lindon-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112382397",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112382397",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1403855.pdf",
        "label": "Lindon City FY2024-25 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report — Note 11 (project-area tax increment, \"700 N CDA\") and Note 12 (GASB 77 tax-abatement disclosure, one agreement citywide)",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "HIPAA/HITRUST/PCI-DSS certified facility per WebSearch corroboration; distinct from South Valley/West Jordan site. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. Lindon City's audited FY2024-25 financial statements name exactly one active RDA tax-increment project area (\"700 N CDA\") and, under the required GASB 77 tax-abatement disclosure, exactly one RDA abatement agreement citywide (Doug Smith Autoplex/KIA in the \"RDA #3\" project area near Lindon Park Drive) — neither covers 333 South 520 West. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-salt-lake-city-millcreek-ut",
    "name": "Flexential Salt Lake City - Millcreek",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.685569,
      "lon": -111.8850505,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "street": "3949 South 200 East",
      "postalCode": "84107",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ut/salt-lake-city/millcreek-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1056658555",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1056658555",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.millcreekut.gov/208/Community-Reinvestment-Agency",
        "label": "Community Reinvestment Agency — Millcreek City (six project areas)",
        "publisher": "Millcreek City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ut-millcreek.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/4320/Project-Area-Plan--West-Millcreek-CRA",
        "label": "West Millcreek Community Reinvestment Area — Project Area Plan",
        "publisher": "Millcreek City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3949 South 200 East, 36,000 sqft, 2N UPS, distinct from Downtown/Fair Park SLC sites. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Millcreek's West Millcreek CRA — the one project area geographically plausible for 3949 South 200 East, with 200 East as its described eastern boundary — lists exactly three named participation agreements on record (Artesian Springs, Opus Green, The Howick), and none is Flexential or its predecessor brand ViaWest. Two other Millcreek CRAs (Millcreek Center, Woodland Avenue) were ruled out by boundary description on different cross-streets. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-salt-lake-city-south-valley-slc09-ut",
    "name": "Flexential Salt Lake City - South Valley (SLC09)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6203519,
      "lon": -111.986047,
      "city": "West Jordan",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "street": "3949 South Campus View Drive",
      "postalCode": "84084",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/ut/salt-lake-city/south-valley-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/355926681",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/355926681",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.westjordan.utah.gov/economic-development/redevelopment/",
        "label": "West Jordan Redevelopment Agency — project areas",
        "publisher": "West Jordan City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3949 S Campus View Dr, West Jordan UT 84084 (SLC09) per DataCenterJournal. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. No participation agreement, tax abatement, or incentive names Flexential, ViaWest (its predecessor brand at this site), or Consonus Technologies (the facility's original builder); West Jordan's own Redevelopment Agency page lists six named project areas by street range (Town Center, Industrial Park, Southwire, Spratling, Downtown, Briarwood), none of which covers the Campus View Drive corridor. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-tampa-north-tpa03-fl",
    "name": "Flexential Tampa - North (TPA03)",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.0738698,
      "lon": -82.3683619,
      "city": "Tampa",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "8350 Parkedge Drive",
      "postalCode": "33637",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/fl/tampa/north-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential facility directory",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1085608797",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1085608797",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "8350 Parkedge Dr.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "flexential-tampa-west-fl",
    "name": "Flexential Tampa - West",
    "operator": "Flexential",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.0372991,
      "lon": -82.5399781,
      "city": "Tampa",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "9417 Corporate Lake Drive",
      "postalCode": "33634",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.flexential.com/data-centers/fl/tampa/west-data-center",
        "label": "Flexential official facility page (corroborated by datacenterHawk address listing)",
        "publisher": "Flexential",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12112380995",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12112380995",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address 9417 Corporate Lake Dr, Tampa, FL 33634. Distinct from Project Swan (different operator, 52km away).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fluidstack-abernathy-tx",
    "name": "Fluidstack Abernathy AI Campus",
    "operator": "Fluidstack",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.84,
      "lon": -101.84,
      "city": "Abernathy",
      "county": "Hale",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 168
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "TeraWulf developed and then sold the ~120-acre Abernathy campus to Fluidstack in a Google-backed deal; delivery targeted H2 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/terawulf-and-fluidstack-to-develop-texas-data-center-in-google-backed-deal/",
        "label": "TeraWulf and Fluidstack to develop Texas data center in Google-backed deal",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/142/",
        "label": "TeraWulf announces Anthropic lease at Justified Data Campus and sale of majority interest in Abernathy JV to Fluidstack",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~120-acre campus in Abernathy (Hale/Lubbock counties). Distinct from the separately-tracked Aligned 'Project Caprock' Abernathy campus (313 acres, different operator/parcel). 168 MW critical IT load (240 MW gross). Google-backed via a ~$1.3B lease obligation backstop. The frequently cited $9.5B is 25-year contracted revenue, not capex (in notes only). NOTE: the Anthropic lease associated with this deal is at TeraWulf's Justified/Hawesville KY campus, not Abernathy. Coordinates are the Abernathy town centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy (SPS)",
      "notes": "Adjacent Aligned Caprock campus uses Xcel Energy; Fluidstack's Abernathy power provider not named in sources reviewed."
    },
    "landAcres": 120,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "fluidstack-okmulgee-county-ok",
    "name": "Fluidstack Okmulgee County Data Center",
    "operator": "Fluidstack",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6231,
      "lon": -95.9605,
      "city": "Okmulgee",
      "county": "Okmulgee",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-21",
        "note": "Open house held; residents raised property-value, water, health and electricity concerns.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Okmulgee County commissioners agreed to allow construction; first phase targeted operational September 2027, final phase September 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.okmulgeefluidstack.io/",
        "label": "Okmulgee Data Center — official project site",
        "publisher": "Fluidstack",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://krmg.com/2026/07/21/okmulgee-residents-raise-concerns-during-fluidstack-data-center-open-house/",
        "label": "Okmulgee residents raise concerns during Fluidstack data center open house",
        "publisher": "KRMG 102.3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://okenergytoday.com/2026/08/whats-happening-about-data-centers/",
        "label": "What's happening about data centers (Okmulgee County commissioners approve Fluidstack site)",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "First tenant is reported to be Jane Street. Fluidstack states it is not seeking local property-tax incentives and has committed to a voluntary 60 dB noise limit at property lines; Fluidstack and Jane Street jointly committed $7 million for local education. Capacity has not been publicly disclosed. Coordinates are an Okmulgee town-centroid approximation.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP-PSO",
      "notes": "Developer states it is self-funding all energy infrastructure costs."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer states the cooling system is filled once — described as about an Olympic swimming pool's worth of water — and then recirculated for years."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents voiced distrust over transparency and raised water, property-value, public-health and electricity concerns at a July 2026 open house; the county commission established a citizen advisory planning committee on data centers.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "fnts-omaha-ne",
    "name": "First National Technology Solutions Omaha Data Center",
    "operator": "First National Technology Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2614219,
      "lon": -95.9364982,
      "city": "Omaha",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "1620 Dodge Street",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Described as fully operational; mapped in OpenStreetMap as a telecom data center operated by First National of Nebraska.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/first-national-technology-solutions",
        "label": "First National Technology Solutions Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/way/256728809.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 256728809 — First National Technical Center, telecom=data_center, operator=First National of Nebraska",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Managed-hosting and colocation data center in downtown Omaha operated by First National Technology Solutions, a subsidiary of First National of Nebraska. Reported at nearly 100,000 sq ft in its current configuration with expansion capability. Power capacity and certifications are not stated on the pages retrieved, so none is recorded — third-party listings give differing address and MW figures. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap building centroid.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "fogo-data-centers-new-orleans-la",
    "name": "Fogo Data Centers New Orleans",
    "operator": "Fogo Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.9529522,
      "lon": -90.0730531,
      "city": "New Orleans",
      "county": "Orleans",
      "street": "935 Gravier Street, Floor 10",
      "postalCode": "70112",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/fogo-data-centers/935-gravier-street-floor-10/1029683",
        "label": "Fogo Data Centers, 935 Gravier Street, Floor 10, New Orleans, LA",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fogosolutions.com/data-center-new-orleans-la/",
        "label": "Secure Data Center New Orleans, LA — FOGO Solutions",
        "publisher": "FOGO Solutions",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/louisiana",
        "label": "Louisiana data centers — Fogo New Orleans listing",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Colocation suite on the 10th floor of a downtown New Orleans CBD office tower. Operator cites AICPA/SOC 2/HIPAA/PCI compliance and N+1 power and generators; the 401,481 SF figure in the marketplace listing is the host building, not the data hall, so square footage is not recorded here. No confirmed MW figure from a primary page.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "forgelight-ventures-conway-ar",
    "name": "ForgeLight Ventures Conway Data Center",
    "operator": "ForgeLight Ventures, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0196304,
      "lon": -92.5572891,
      "city": "Conway",
      "county": "Faulkner",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-13",
        "note": "Conway residents commented on the proposed 300,000-square-foot, up to $1 billion data center for an unnamed Fortune 100 company, with ForgeLight Ventures LLC - described as a shell company with a Delaware address and no in-state presence - as developer of record.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09",
        "note": "Community information site states: 'Early stage; annexation, rezoning, and MOU completed, permitting pending.'",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/local-regional-news/2026-05-13/conway-residents-comment-on-possible-data-center",
        "label": "Conway residents comment on possible data center",
        "publisher": "UA Little Rock Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://conwaydatacenter.com/",
        "label": "Conway Data Center Public Information",
        "publisher": "Conway Data Center (community group)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Conway+Municipal+Airport%2C+Faulkner+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Conway Municipal Airport at Cantrell Field, Lollie Road, Conway, Faulkner County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Conway Municipal Airport at Cantrell Field, whose OSM record places it on Lollie Road - the road named in reporting as the project's location ('Southwest Conway near Lollie Road and the Conway Municipal Airport area'). This is a landmark-level approximation, not a parcel. The end user is an unnamed Fortune 100 company; ForgeLight Ventures LLC is a Delaware shell with no in-state presence, so 'operator' here records the developer of record, not a confirmed operating company. A 300,000-square-foot building size is reported but square footage is not a schema field. A reported 65% tax abatement over 30 years appeared only in a search-result summary of a paywalled trade article that could not be fetched, so no subsidies entry is recorded. Confidence 'reported': the project has an MOU and rezoning but no named end user and no permit.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents packed the Conway City Council meeting of 2026-05-13 in opposition. Mayor Bart Castleberry said 'any potential data center development in Conway will not happen quickly'; resident Jeremy Rice said 'I still do not have real answers'; a local professor raised that the area already has 'toxic air releases in the 98th percentile nationally.' Water-resource depletion was a recurring concern. A community group maintains a public-information site about the project that is explicitly not affiliated with the city, developer or chamber.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fort-cherry-power-station-robinson-township-washington-pa",
    "name": "Fort Cherry Power Station",
    "operator": "Liberty Energy, Imperial Land Corporation and Range Resources - Appalachia (joint venture)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.35888,
      "lon": -80.26809,
      "city": "Robinson Township",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04-08",
        "note": "Liberty Energy, Imperial Land Corporation and Range Resources - Appalachia announced a strategic alliance to develop a dedicated power generation facility in the Fort Cherry Development District.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://libertyenergy.com/liberty-imperial-land-corp-range-resources-energy-development-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Liberty Energy Inc., Imperial Land Corporation, and Range Resources to Support Strategic Energy Development in Washington County, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Liberty Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Fort_Cherry_power_station",
        "label": "Fort Cherry power station",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Dedicated generation for data centers, industrial facilities and other high-energy users in the Fort Cherry Development District industrial park. Global Energy Monitor records ownership as Range Resources - Appalachia, Liberty Energy and Imperial Land Corp at one third each, 1,000 MW gas turbine, pre-construction, with Pennsylvania SITES program funding received in October 2025. Coordinate is Global Energy Monitor's approximate point for the site.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Liberty Energy is to supply modular 25 MW gas-fired power blocks co-located with customers inside Imperial Land Corporation's Fort Cherry Development District, with on-site generation capacity able to scale to 1 GW or more as tenant demand grows. Fuelled by Marcellus natural gas."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fort-spunky-pacifico-energy-hood-county-tx",
    "name": "Fort Spunky",
    "operator": "Pacifico Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.42,
      "lon": -97.78,
      "county": "Hood",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Concept plan was approved, then revoked by county commissioners 3-2 in March 2026; developer has since filed a lawsuit against the county.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/02/texas-data-centers-hood-county-local-control-rural-water-power/",
        "label": "Texas data centers: Hood County, local control, rural water and power",
        "publisher": "Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2026/06/02/eight-data-centers-threaten-transform-this-small-texas-county-local-officials-say-they-have-no-power-stop-them/",
        "label": "KBTX: Eight data centers threaten to transform this small Texas county (Fort Spunky name, 862 acres, 100MW grid request, water-permit lawsuit)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "862 acres, across the Brazos River from the Pecan Plantation community. Water draw up to 20,000 gal/day. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "IMPORTANT CORRECTION: Pacifico Energy's famous 5-7.65GW off-grid gas project ('GW Ranch') is a DIFFERENT, DISTINCT project located in Pecos County, TX — not this site."
    },
    "landAcres": 862,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Approval revoked and now contested via developer lawsuit against Hood County.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "fortistar-north-tonawanda-generating-ny",
    "name": "Fortistar North Tonawanda Cogeneration Facility",
    "operator": "Fortistar North Tonawanda LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0387,
      "lon": -78.8642,
      "city": "North Tonawanda",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 55
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dps.ny.gov/event/fortistar-comments-due-fortistar-north-tonawanda-and-digihost-international-petition-transfer",
        "label": "Fortistar: Comments due on Fortistar North Tonawanda and Digihost International petition to transfer interest in a 55-megawatt natural gas-fired cogeneration facility located in North Tonawanda, Niagara County",
        "publisher": "New York State Department of Public Service",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "NET-NEW as a power_generation record - the generating plant behind the already-recorded crypto row digihost-north-tonawanda-ny, linked via generation.poweredFacilityIds. ADJUDICATION NOTE: same one-row-or-two question as the Greenidge pair above. Coordinates are geocoded to the City of North Tonawanda because the fetched DPS notice names only the city and county; press reporting gives a street address (Erie Avenue) that was NOT verified against a primary source in this run, so no street is recorded. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): the fetched DPS notice states no in-service date, no emissions or water figure, no investment, no job count, and no subsidy agreement. Ownership/transfer status is an open regulatory question in Case 21-M-0238 with a comment deadline of July 28, 2025 stated on the fetched page; operator is therefore recorded as the licensed entity Fortistar North Tonawanda LLC, not Digihost.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Digihost International Inc. (Digi Power X)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "digihost-north-tonawanda-ny"
      ],
      "notes": "NY Department of Public Service describes it as a \"55-megawatt natural gas-fired cogeneration facility located in North Tonawanda, Niagara County\" and the proceeding as a \"Fortistar North Tonawanda and Digihost International petition to transfer interest\" in it (PSC Case 21-M-0238, Public Service Law Sections 70 and 83)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fortitude-aurora-ne",
    "name": "Fortitude Aurora Nebraska Facility",
    "operator": "Fortitude",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.86472,
      "lon": -98.0075,
      "city": "Aurora",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 15,
      "operational": 5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-12",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.auroranewsregister.com/news/data-center-be-built-mission-critical",
        "label": "Data center to be built in Mission Critical",
        "publisher": "Aurora News-Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.investing.com/news/company-news/fortitude-mining-acquires-125-mw-nebraska-facility-for-625m-93CH-4833967",
        "label": "Fortitude Mining acquires 12.5 MW Nebraska facility for $6.25M",
        "publisher": "Investing.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Originally developed by AAIM Data Centers (CEO Anthony Levesque) as 'AAIM Nebraska 1' on a 2.5-acre parcel in the Mission Critical subdivision along East 11 Road / a future Kremer Avenue address, Aurora, Hamilton County -- groundbreaking Dec 2023, targeted operational spring/Q2 2024. Initial capacity 5MW with a first-year target of 15MW (AAIM's own stated plan, per the Aurora News-Register, fetched). Fortitude Mining Holdings (Zcash-mining subsidiary of Digital Currency Group / Barry Silbert) now lists Aurora as one of its OWN three Nebraska sites (confirmed via a directly-fetched Investing.com article: 'The Prosser facility is the company's third Nebraska location, joining sites in Grand Island and Aurora') -- i.e. operator has changed from AAIM to Fortitude at some point between the 2024 launch and August 2026, though no fetched source explicitly narrates an AAIM-to-Fortitude sale for Aurora specifically (unlike Prosser, where the AAIM-built specs match a later Fortitude acquisition almost exactly). A secondary aggregator figure (not independently fetched this session) cites a ~$7.65M Fortitude acquisition of the Aurora site in Oct 2025 -- plausible and consistent with the timeline, but omitted from structured fields since it wasn't confirmed via direct fetch. capacityMw reflects AAIM's pre-sale plan, not an independently-confirmed current Fortitude-era figure.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "fortitude-grand-island-ne",
    "name": "Fortitude Grand Island Nebraska Facility",
    "operator": "Fortitude",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.92167,
      "lon": -98.35861,
      "city": "Grand Island",
      "county": "Hall",
      "street": "380 Museum Drive",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 12
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-28",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/409899/barry-silbert-zcash-miner-fortitude-nebraska-facility-online-cut-zec-mining-costs",
        "label": "Barry Silbert-backed Zcash miner Fortitude brings Nebraska facility online to cut its ZEC production costs",
        "publisher": "The Block",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.centralnebraskatoday.com/2026/06/26/data-center-nearing-completion-in-east-grand-island/",
        "label": "Data center nearing completion in east Grand Island",
        "publisher": "Central Nebraska Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Fortitude Mining Holdings (Zcash-mining subsidiary of Digital Currency Group / Barry Silbert) energized this 12MW facility in east Grand Island, Hall County on/around July 28, 2026 -- described as Fortitude's first SELF-DEVELOPED (greenfield) Nebraska site, sited 'between two solar power facilities' and 'next to a substation with excess capacity', with an estimated power cost of ~$0.045/kWh. Raised Fortitude's total owned-and-operated power portfolio past 60MW across seven sites in four states (SD, NE, TX, NY). Single-outlet sourcing (The Block, a reputable crypto-trade publication reporting the company's own announcement) -> confidence=reported rather than confirmed. Exact parcel/address not given in the source; coordinates are Grand-Island-city-level only.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "fortitude-prosser-ne",
    "name": "Fortitude Prosser Nebraska Facility",
    "operator": "Fortitude",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6875,
      "lon": -98.57806,
      "city": "Prosser",
      "county": "Adams",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 12.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-01",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/410565/dcgs-fortitude-acquires-nebraska-facility-zcash-mining",
        "label": "DCG's Fortitude acquires 12.5 MW Nebraska facility for net $4.7 million, expanding Zcash mining portfolio",
        "publisher": "The Block",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hastingstribune.com/news/adams-county-planning-and-zoning-commission-recommends-conditional-use-permit-for-countys-first-data-center/article_b39985d2-ab6e-11ee-9c27-832166c0311a.html",
        "label": "Adams County Planning and Zoning Commission recommends conditional use permit for county's first data center",
        "publisher": "Hastings Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.investing.com/news/company-news/fortitude-mining-acquires-125-mw-nebraska-facility-for-625m-93CH-4833967",
        "label": "Fortitude Mining acquires 12.5 MW Nebraska facility for $6.25M",
        "publisher": "Investing.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Fortitude Mining Holdings (DCG/Barry Silbert) closed its acquisition of this 12.5MW facility near Prosser, Adams County on Aug 4, 2026 for $6.25M gross / ~$4.7M net (after a $985K hosting-deposit credit and $465.5K from selling ~1,400 T21 miners); the site was 'already listed as an operating asset that was generating revenue at close', with full ownership of land, building, and an on-site 67kV substation, ~$0.045/kWh power cost. Fortitude's own reporting calls this its THIRD Nebraska location (joining Grand Island and Aurora). VERY LIKELY the same site originally developed by AAIM Data Centers / A-NE Data Centers Inc. as 'AAIM Nebraska 2': the Hastings Tribune (fetched) describes a 12.5MW substation project on 2.64 acres along 82nd Street near the Union Pacific railroad, half a mile west of the CPI Hayland elevator near Prosser, approved by the Adams County Planning & Zoning Commission in Jan 2024 -- identical capacity (12.5MW) and identical tiny town. No fetched source explicitly states 'Fortitude bought this from AAIM', so this linkage is reported as a strong probable match, not an asserted fact. NOTE: a low-quality aggregator (not independently fetched) separately describes a '$6.25M Juniata, Nebraska' Fortitude acquisition in July 2026 -- given the identical $6.25M gross price and Juniata's proximity to Prosser (both tiny Adams-County-area communities), this is almost certainly the SAME transaction mislabeled by that aggregator, not a fourth Fortitude site; not tracked separately (see honestZero).",
    "investmentUsd": 6250000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "foundry-minden-ne",
    "name": "Foundry Digital Minden Site (former Compute North expansion)",
    "operator": "Foundry Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5033,
      "lon": -98.9484,
      "city": "Minden",
      "county": "Kearney",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-11",
        "note": "As part of Compute North's bankruptcy asset sale, Foundry acquired rights to completely build out and operate Compute North's Minden, Nebraska facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/22/crypto-mining-and-staking-firm-foundry-buys-some-of-troubled-bitcoin-miner-compute-norths-assets",
        "label": "Crypto Mining and Staking Firm Foundry Buys Some of Troubled Bitcoin Miner Compute North's Assets — 'Foundry will also have rights to completely build out and operate Compute North's facility in Minden, Neb.'",
        "publisher": "CoinDesk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/crypto-needs-cheap-energy-it-found-a-whole-bunch-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "Crypto needs cheap energy. It found a whole bunch in Nebraska. — 'In Minden, a planned Compute North expansion is now being transferred to another company' (Foundry Digital, Kearney County)",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "A Compute North crypto-mining expansion planned at Minden, Kearney County, whose build-out and operating rights passed to New York-based Foundry Digital in the November 2022 bankruptcy asset sale (alongside operational sites Foundry bought outright in North Sioux City, SD and Big Springs, TX). ⚠️ MOST UNCERTAIN CANDIDATE IN THIS SET — read before publishing. Status is 'proposed' because no source I fetched shows the Minden site was ever built: CoinDesk describes only RIGHTS to build out, and the Flatwater reporting describes a transfer in process. The most recent evidence is from January 2023, over three years stale. confidence is deliberately set to 'reported' rather than the 'confirmed' the two-source rule would give, because both sources confirm the same November 2022 transaction rather than independently confirming a facility exists. Distinct from the Kearney (Buffalo County) site already tracked as mara-kearney-buffalo-ne: Minden is a different town in a different county, and Kearney went to Generate Capital, not Foundry. No megawatts, acreage or investment published. Coordinates are the Minden town centroid — NOT a site geocode. Recommend confirming against NPPD large-load records or Kearney County zoning before staging. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the original 2022-11-22 CoinDesk report on Foundry's acquisition of Compute North's assets (including the Minden, NE site); it covers only transaction/capacity details and Foundry leadership statements, with no community reaction, hearing, or local-official statement documented.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "four-mile-mesa-solar-battery-san-juan-county-nm",
    "name": "Four Mile Mesa Solar + Battery Storage Project",
    "operator": "Tierra Adentro Growth Capital (TAG Capital) / DESRI",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.7975,
      "lon": -108.3236,
      "county": "San Juan",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/solar-projects-break-ground-in-nw-new-mexico-near-shuttered-coal-plant/3050484",
        "label": "Solar projects break ground in NW New Mexico near shuttered coal plant",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/desri-and-tierra-adentro-growth-capital-announce-start-of-construction-on-foxtail-flats-and-four-mile-mesa-solar-and-storage-projects-in-san-juan-county-nm-302781926.html",
        "label": "DESRI and Tierra Adentro Growth Capital announce start of construction on Foxtail Flats and Four Mile Mesa solar and storage projects in San Juan County, NM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / DESRI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/new-mexico-utility-seeks-approval-of-hybrid-bess-offtake-contracts-to-power-meta-data-centres/",
        "label": "New Mexico utility seeks approval of hybrid BESS offtake contracts to power Meta data centres",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "New Mexico State Investment Council committed $100M to TAG Capital (Sept 2024) across the developer's broader portfolio, not specific to this single site — that entity-level figure is not recorded as this facility's investmentUsd.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "100 MW of solar paired with 100 MW / 400 MWh of battery storage on Ute Mountain Ute tribal land adjacent to the retired San Juan Generating Station. Sold to PNM under a 20-year agreement priced at $39.79/MWh for solar and $21.25/MWh for storage, contracted under PNM's Rate 36B to serve Meta's New Mexico data center load. Targeted commercial operation December 31, 2027."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta Platforms (via PNM power purchase agreement)",
      "notes": "100 MW solar plus 100 MW battery storage (LG Energy Solution cells); EPC by SOLV Energy; sited on Ute Mountain Ute tribal land near the demolished San Juan Generating Station, connecting to PNM's grid near the decommissioned coal plant. Expected completion summer 2027. Sibling project on the same land parcel, Foxtail Flats (170 MW solar / 80 MW battery), serves a separate PPA with Los Alamos County (LANL/Sandia/Kirtland) and is not tracked here as it is not a data-center offtake."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "four-three-glenbrook-salem-township-luzerne-pa",
    "name": "4-3 Glenbrook Group Salem Township Data Center Campus (Salem 3)",
    "operator": "4-3 Glenbrook Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1078249,
      "lon": -76.1791155,
      "city": "Salem Township",
      "county": "Luzerne",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "note": "Salem Township Planning Commission recommended the zoning expansion; the Board of Supervisors decision was pending as of August 22, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1745226/1-2-billion-land-deal-for-second-data-center-project-in-salem-township-announced-by-4-3-group",
        "label": "$1.2 billion land deal for second data center project in Salem Township announced by 4-3 Group",
        "publisher": "Times Leader",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1752841/developers-tout-impacts-of-3-data-center-campuses-zoning-meeting-set-for-wednesday-on-4-3-glenbrook-group-project",
        "label": "Developers tout impacts of 3 data center campuses; Zoning meeting set for Wednesday on 4-3 Glenbrook Group project",
        "publisher": "Times Leader",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Referred to locally as 'Salem 3'. A 39-building campus (subject to change) assembled from more than 4,000 acres across roughly 194-200 landowners, with at least 80% of the assembled land intended to remain undeveloped green space. Stated potential power demand is roughly 3.5 to 4 gigawatts; capacityMw.planned records the lower bound of that published range. The group describes it as 'an energy and infrastructure development, not simply a data center development', with plans for an accompanying generation facility. Land-purchase figures are reported variously as a $1.2 billion deal and $1.4 billion in land purchases; because these are land prices rather than project investment, no investmentUsd is recorded. Coordinate is a township-centroid geocode shared with the separate QTS 'Salem 2' record.",
    "landAcres": 4000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "four-winds-sugar-hill-portland-ny",
    "name": "Sugar Hill Data Center (proposed, former Sugar Hill Golf Course)",
    "operator": "Four Winds of Lake Erie LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3758232,
      "lon": -79.5200432,
      "city": "Portland",
      "county": "Chautauqua",
      "street": "7060 Route 5",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-11",
        "note": "Town of Portland Board passed a resolution expressing general approval of the proposed data center, subject to further review and additional details; no formal application had been submitted as of the 13 May 2026 board meeting.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkbw.com/chautauqua-county/portland-town-board-addresses-confusion-and-concern-over-proposed-data-center",
        "label": "Portland Town Board addresses confusion and concern over proposed data center",
        "publisher": "WKBW (Buffalo)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.post-journal.com/news/community/2026/03/portland-expresses-support-for-proposed-project-at-sugar-hill/",
        "label": "Portland expresses support for proposed project at Sugar Hill",
        "publisher": "The Post-Journal (Jamestown, NY)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Sugar+Hill+Golf+Course%2C+Portland%2C+New+York&format=json&limit=3&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim: Sugar Hill Golf Course, Town of Portland, Chautauqua County, NY (OSM way 136101486)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.observertoday.com/news/top-stories/2026/07/area-fully-plugged-in-to-data-center-debate/",
        "label": "Area fully plugged in to data center debate",
        "publisher": "The Observer (Dunkirk, NY)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Early-stage proposal on the grounds of the former Sugar Hill Golf Course along Route 5 (East Lake Road). Town Supervisor Rich Lewis characterised the project's stage as \"we're on step negative one. We're not even to one yet.\" No megawatt figure, acreage or investment has been stated by the applicant in the sources reviewed — a board member's reference to \"an $11 billion project\" is a hypothetical raised in discussion, not an announced figure, and is deliberately not recorded. Coordinates are the golf-course polygon centroid; the built footprint is undefined.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Town of Portland Board passed a resolution of general support on 11 March 2026, while residents of Portland, Brocton and neighbouring communities organised opposition meetings and collected more than 3,100 petition signatures against the project, citing generator noise, water supply, electrical demand and impacts on the Lake Erie Grape Belt.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "foxtail-flats-solar-storage-san-juan-county-nm",
    "name": "Foxtail Flats Solar and Storage",
    "operator": "DESRI (D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments) / Tierra Adentro Growth Capital (TAGC)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.83,
      "lon": -108.35,
      "city": "Farmington",
      "county": "San Juan",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 170
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05-14",
        "note": "Groundbreaking on Foxtail Flats and the adjacent Four Mile Mesa project; commercial operation expected in 2027. Roughly 600 construction personnel at peak across BOTH projects combined.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/desri-and-tierra-adentro-growth-capital-announce-start-of-construction-on-foxtail-flats-and-four-mile-mesa-solar-and-storage-projects-in-san-juan-county-nm-302781926.html",
        "label": "DESRI and Tierra Adentro Growth Capital announce start of construction on Foxtail Flats and Four Mile Mesa solar and storage projects in San Juan County, NM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / DESRI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.foxtailflatssolar.com/about",
        "label": "About Foxtail Flats Solar",
        "publisher": "Foxtail Flats Solar (DESRI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Sibling project to the already-tracked Four Mile Mesa Solar + Battery Storage, announced in the same release but a separate site with a different size and a different offtaker (Los Alamos County vs PNM). No jobs figure is recorded: the ~600 peak construction number is stated for the two projects combined and cannot be attributed to this site alone. landAcres is omitted because the source says the footprint 'exceeds' 5,000 acres rather than stating a figure. Coordinate is an approximate anchor derived from 'about 10 miles northwest of Farmington'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "170 MW of solar paired with 80 MW / 320 MWh of battery storage, under a long-term power purchase agreement with the Incorporated County of Los Alamos (Los Alamos County Utilities)."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Incorporated County of Los Alamos",
      "notes": "Sited on Ute Mountain Ute Reservation land and adjacent private land about 10 miles northwest of Farmington, near the demolished San Juan Generating Station. Developer states a footprint exceeding 5,000 acres with protections for sensitive resources, and potential growth in the area to as much as 350 MW of combined solar and storage. Expected to generate roughly the annual consumption of about 60,000 households."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "franklin-partners-pavilion-township-mi",
    "name": "Pavilion Township Data Center (S 26th St & E N Ave)",
    "operator": "Franklin Partners",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.206527,
      "lon": -85.4718656,
      "city": "Pavilion Township",
      "county": "Kalamazoo",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Franklin Partners asked Pavilion Township to add \"data center\" as a special-exception use in the I-2 heavy-industrial zone for its parcel at South 26th Street and East N Avenue; public hearing set for September 18.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Developer withdrew the zoning request and asked officials to remove the item from all remaining 2025 agendas after packed public meetings.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/residents-concerned-about-major-data-center-proposal-in-pavilion-township-south-26th-st-east-n-avenue-electricity-water-environment-jobs-taxes",
        "label": "Residents concerned about major data center proposal in Pavilion Township",
        "publisher": "WWMT Newschannel 3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Pavilion%20Township%2C%20Kalamazoo%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Pavilion Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan (township-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Built-to-spec for an unidentified end user; no operator named beyond the landowner/developer. Franklin Partners has said it will \"reconsider\" the project, so this may reopen. Coordinates are a township-level geocode, not the parcel at S 26th St & E N Ave.",
    "landAcres": 265,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "freestone-energy-center-fairfield-tx",
    "name": "Freestone Energy Center",
    "operator": "Constellation Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.7244035,
      "lon": -96.1648789,
      "city": "Fairfield",
      "county": "Freestone",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2026/02/constellation-and-cyrusone-announce-agreement-to-support-new-data-center-facility-at-freestone-energy-center-in-texas.html",
        "label": "Constellation and CyrusOne Announce Agreement to Support New Data Center Facility at Freestone Energy Center in Texas",
        "publisher": "Constellation Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Existing natural-gas generating station in Freestone County, roughly 80 miles southeast of Dallas. The fetched announcement does not state the plant's nameplate capacity or turbine configuration, so no capacityMw is recorded. Coordinates are a Fairfield town-level geocode; the plant's exact site is not given in the source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "CyrusOne",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "cyrusone-freestone-energy-center-fairfield-tx"
      ],
      "notes": "Constellation signed a 380 MW agreement with CyrusOne in February 2026 to serve a new data center adjacent to the plant, with an exclusive arrangement covering a second 380 MW phase — 760 MW in total. Constellation states it has over 1,100 MW contracted to CyrusOne data centers in Texas including 400 MW at the Thad Hill Energy Center."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fremont-peak-luckett-road-marana-az",
    "name": "Luckett Road Data Centers (Fremont Peak Properties)",
    "operator": "Fremont Peak Properties LLC (Beale Infrastructure)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.495,
      "lon": -111.198,
      "city": "Marana",
      "county": "Pima",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Marana Town Council voted 6-0 to rezone 661 acres along Luckett Road for the data center campus (Fremont Peak Properties/Beale Infrastructure), following applications submitted in October 2025 and packed public testimony on water, power, and growth concerns.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Opposition group Worker Power submitted referendum petitions challenging the rezoning; Marana officials rejected the referendum on the grounds that petitions lacked required legal property descriptions, ending the challenge.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tucson.com/news/local/environment/article_52f0d4ba-aa9e-4c17-b290-ca3c2ad8d011.html",
        "label": "Rezoning approved for Marana data center campus",
        "publisher": "Tucson.com / Arizona Daily Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.azpm.org/s/102313-marana-planning-commission-backs-rezoning-for-600-acre-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Marana Planning Commission backs rezoning for 600-acre data center project",
        "publisher": "AZPM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.azpm.org/p/azpmnews/2026/2/10/228403-marana-residents-submit-petitions-to-put-data-center-project-to-a-vote/",
        "label": "Marana residents submit petitions to put data center project to a vote",
        "publisher": "AZPM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/021826_data_referendum_fails/marana-rejects-referendums-against-data-center-center-rezoning/",
        "label": "Marana rejects referendums against data center rezoning",
        "publisher": "Tucson Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kgun9.com/news/community-inspired-journalism/marana/data-center-moves-forward-marana-town-council-approves-land-rezoning",
        "label": "Data center moves forward: Marana Town Council approves land rezoning",
        "publisher": "KGUN9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.azpm.org/p/news-articles/2026/1/8/227908-marana-town-council-approves-rezoning-for-luckett-road-project-600-acre-hyperscale-data-center/",
        "label": "Marana Town Council approves rezoning for Luckett Road Project, 600-acre hyperscale data center",
        "publisher": "Arizona Public Media (AZPM)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Two parcels along Luckett Road: north parcel owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (borders Pinal County); south parcel owned by the Kai Family Trust. Fremont Peak Properties LLC (also referenced as 'Humphrey's Peak Properties' in some coverage) is a subsidiary of Beale Infrastructure, backed by Blue Owl Capital; connected to, but a distinct site from, the separately-tracked 'Project Blue' Beale/Blue Owl effort in unincorporated Pima County near Tucson, and from Beale's separately-tracked Project Pilot in De Soto, KS. Developer projects ~400 permanent and ~4,200 temporary construction jobs (Chamber of Southern Arizona estimate) - not yet delivered, so omitted from the jobs field. No explicit AI/GPU branding found in coverage; classified 'likely' given Blue Owl Capital's profile as a major AI-datacenter-era infrastructure investor. Coordinates are approximate for the Luckett Road parcels.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Trico Electric Cooperative (north parcel); Tucson Electric Power (south parcel)",
      "notes": "Trico Electric Cooperative to provide 550-750MW to the north parcel; Tucson Electric Power to provide a 'matching amount' to the south parcel (combined range roughly 1,100-1,500MW; no single confirmed total given, so omitted from capacityMw)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Marana town code prohibits use of potable water for cooling systems; project proposed as air-cooled. Additional water for irrigation/industrial/fire suppression to be provided by the Cortaro Marana Irrigation District."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 661,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Marana Town Council approved rezoning 6-0 after hours of packed public testimony on water, power, and growth concerns. Opposition group Worker Power organized a referendum petition challenge; Marana officials rejected the referendum on a technicality (petition lacked required legal property descriptions), ending the challenge. Marana resident and cybersecurity expert Jackie McGuire raised concerns specifically about Blue Owl Capital (Beale Infrastructure's parent).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "fulltel-okc01-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "FullTel Communications OKC01",
    "operator": "FullTel Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.46994,
      "lon": -97.516522,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "201 Robert S Kerr Avenue",
      "postalCode": "73102",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Listed as an in-building operating colocation data center at 201 Robert S Kerr Avenue.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/201-robert-s-kerr-avenue-oklahoma-city",
        "label": "201 Robert S Kerr Avenue, Oklahoma City — data center building listing (FullTel Communications OKC01, Lumen Oklahoma City)",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=201+Robert+S+Kerr+Ave%2C+Oklahoma+City%2C+OK+73102&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for 201 Robert S Kerr Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73102",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Small carrier colocation footprint sharing 201 Robert S Kerr Avenue with Lumen Oklahoma City 1 — a separate operator in the same building, not a duplicate of it. Single-directory sourcing only: no capacity, square footage or commissioning date was available from a source read this session, so all are omitted. Flagged as the thinnest of this batch; a maintainer may reasonably reject it pending an operator-published page.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fundamental-data-ridgeline-datacenter-tucker-county-wv",
    "name": "Ridgeline Data Center",
    "operator": "Fundamental Data LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.1517,
      "lon": -79.4913,
      "county": "Tucker",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvhighlands.org/tucker-county-data-center-ridgeline-facility/",
        "label": "Tucker County Data Center \"Ridgeline Facility\"",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Highlands Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/07/20/wv-advocates-want-to-know-who-owns-the-land-proposed-for-data-center-development-in-tucker-county/",
        "label": "WV advocates want to know who owns the land proposed for data center development in Tucker County",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed between the towns of Davis and Thomas, Tucker County. Reported acreage varies by source and is not recorded as a structured field: a 2024 purchase-and-sale agreement covered approximately 290 acres, other reporting describes a '500-acre' data center and power plant, a Country Roads News report describes a roughly 300-acre site, and West Virginia Highlands Conservancy describes 'potentially thousands of acres' for the full buildout -- these are not reconciled here. See the co-located power_generation record (facility id fundamental-data-ridgeline-power-plant-tucker-county-wv) for the natural-gas plant that would exclusively serve this data center. No public capacity, investment, or job figures for the data center building itself (as distinct from the power plant) were found in this research pass (2026-09-10).",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Air quality permit for the co-located power plant has been formally appealed by Tucker United, the West Virginia Highlands Conservancy, and the Sierra Club; litigation over jurisdiction was ongoing as of an August 31, 2026 report (advocacy groups seeking WV Supreme Court review). A separate, distinct controversy concerns land ownership: the WV Department of Commerce reportedly found no property in Tucker County owned by Fundamental Data LLC or its affiliates, with permit-listed parcels instead owned by Western Pocahontas Properties, LTD, and large portions of the permit application redacted.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "fundamental-data-ridgeline-power-plant-tucker-county-wv",
    "name": "Ridgeline Power Plant",
    "operator": "Fundamental Data LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.1517,
      "lon": -79.4913,
      "county": "Tucker",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 785
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvhighlands.org/tucker-county-data-center-ridgeline-facility/",
        "label": "Tucker County Data Center \"Ridgeline Facility\"",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Highlands Conservancy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://countryroads.substack.com/p/plan-for-data-center-near-davis-and",
        "label": "Plan for Data Center Near Davis and Thomas in Raises Alarms",
        "publisher": "Country Roads News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Powers the co-located Ridgeline Data Center (facility id fundamental-data-ridgeline-datacenter-tucker-county-wv). Status set to 'permitted' reflecting the upheld WV DEP air quality permit as of the sources retrieved (2026-09-10); construction start not confirmed in this research pass. See that record's notes for the land-ownership dispute (WV Department of Commerce reportedly found no Tucker County property owned by Fundamental Data LLC; permit-listed parcels are owned by Western Pocahontas Properties, LTD) and for acreage-figure discrepancies across sources.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Natural gas-fired power plant with diesel backup; WV Highlands Conservancy states the plant would exclusively serve the private data center complex, with up to 10% of generation eligible for grid sale under recent state law."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Fundamental Data LLC",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "fundamental-data-ridgeline-datacenter-tucker-county-wv"
      ],
      "notes": "785MW natural-gas plant with diesel backup, per West Virginia Highlands Conservancy. Diesel backup corroborated by Country Roads News (2026 paywalled report): 'the power plant to run on natural gas, with 30 million gallons of diesel fuel stored on site as a backup' -- consistent with an earlier trade-press description of three 10-million-gallon diesel tanks. Fundamental Data LLC (described by Country Roads News as 'a secretive Virginia company') applied to WV DEP for the air quality construction permit March 18, 2025 (permit R13-3713, Ridgeline Facility); the WV Air Quality Board rejected an environmental-group appeal and upheld the permit February 6, 2026, and a state appeals court dismissed further environmental-group lawsuits in late August 2026, though jurisdictional litigation was still being pursued to the WV Supreme Court as of an August 31, 2026 report. Potential-to-emit figures, if any, from the permit application are not included in this record."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gage-wind-gage-ne",
    "name": "Gage Wind Project",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.4197,
      "lon": -96.663,
      "city": "Pickrell",
      "county": "Gage",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 124
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Global Energy Monitor records the project's status as cancelled.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Gage_Wind_Project",
        "label": "Gage Wind Project",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Single-source (Global Energy Monitor), hence confidence \"reported\". 124 MW at Pickrell, Gage County, recorded as cancelled; coordinates are GEM's own approximate figure. Gage County is also one of the four southeast-Nebraska counties where Tenaska has optioned land for the proposed Google campus, and its planning commission recommended an 18-month data-center moratorium in June 2026 — context worth keeping even for a dead generation project.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "galaxy-digital-mcgregor-tx",
    "name": "Project Merlin (Helios II)",
    "operator": "Galaxy Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.44,
      "lon": -97.4,
      "city": "McGregor",
      "county": "McLennan",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-25",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-25",
        "note": "McGregor City Council approved the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2026-06-25/galaxy-digital-ai-data-center-mcgregor-texas",
        "label": "Galaxy Digital AI data center announced in McGregor, Texas",
        "publisher": "The Energy Mag",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/galaxy-digital-eyes-second-texas-data-center-site-buys-land-outside-waco/",
        "label": "Galaxy Digital eyes second Texas data center site, buys land outside Waco",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kxxv.com/news/local-news/in-your-neighborhood/mcgregor-residents-submit-petition-to-recall-mayor-over-data-center-water-concerns",
        "label": "KXXV — McGregor residents submit petition to recall mayor over data center water concerns",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~500MW initial phase, up to 3,500MW long-term. 500 acres NE of the SpaceX facility. Second Galaxy Digital Texas site, distinct from the tracked Afton/Dickens County Helios campus.",
    "investmentUsd": 400000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents launched a recall petition against McGregor's mayor over the closed-session approval of the ~500-acre Galaxy Digital land sale and aquifer/water-supply concerns; enough signatures were collected by mid-July 2026 to advance the recall to the next phase.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "galaxy-helios-dickens-county-tx",
    "name": "Galaxy Helios Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Galaxy Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.72,
      "lon": -100.84,
      "city": "Afton",
      "county": "Dickens",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1630
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid",
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-05",
        "note": "Campus originally built by Argo Blockchain as Bitcoin mining facility (May 2022). Galaxy acquired from Argo in late 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "ERCOT approves additional 830 MW (total 1.6 GW). CoreWeave leases full 800 MW under 15-year agreement worth avg $1B/year. First data hall delivered to CoreWeave in 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Phase I complete: 133MW critical IT load (200MW gross power) delivered to CoreWeave under 15-year leases (two 5-year extension options); rent commencement Q2 2026. Phase II (260MW critical IT load) in development, deliveries expected H1 2027. CoreWeave's total commitment across all phases now 526MW critical IT load. Total approved campus capacity 1.63GW, potential to scale to 3.6GW. Campus now spans 2,200+ acres (expanded from the original 160-acre site).",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/galaxy-secures-approval-for-more-than-800mw-at-helios-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "Galaxy secures 1.6 GW ERCOT approval at Helios campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://convergedigest.com/coreweave-locks-in-800-mw-at-galaxys-helios-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "CoreWeave locks in 800 MW at Galaxy Helios campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Converge Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thetexasspur.com/news/205m-tax-abatement-paves-way-galaxy-growth-dickens-county",
        "label": "$20.5M tax abatement paves way for Galaxy growth in Dickens County",
        "publisher": "The Texas Spur",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thetexasspur.com/news/galaxy-inks-major-deal-dickens-helios-host-services-coreweave",
        "label": "Galaxy inks major deal; Helios to host services for CoreWeave",
        "publisher": "The Texas Spur",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://claycorp.com/project/galaxy-digital-helios-renovation",
        "label": "Galaxy Digital Helios Renovation — 133MW liquid-cooled build",
        "publisher": "Clayco",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-completes-phase-i-of-its-helios-data-center-campus-delivering-133-megawatts-of-critical-it-load-to-coreweave-302818664.html",
        "label": "Galaxy Completes Phase I of Its Helios Data Center Campus, Delivering 133 Megawatts of Critical IT Load to CoreWeave",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-09",
    "notes": "Converted from Bitcoin mining to AI/HPC. CoreWeave is the anchor tenant using the campus for large-scale AI model training. Location is near Afton, Dickens County (West Texas). Original site was 160 acres; campus has since expanded to 2,200+ acres across multiple phases. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "ERCOT approved 1.63 GW total; potential to scale to 3.6 GW. $1.4B project financing closed for expansion. Phase I (133MW critical IT load) completed July 2026."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Phase 1 (133 MW) is a liquid-cooled AI deployment with 90+ chillers and associated piping (Clayco). Chiller condenser type (air-cooled vs. water-cooled/evaporative) and water-consumption (MGD) not published. Site overlies the Ogallala Aquifer on the southern High Plains — a material water-risk context flag."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Dickens County PILOT (Payment in Lieu of Taxes), 10-year agreement — $20.5M total ($18.5M PILOT + $2M housing fund); initial $500K payment due Oct 1, 2026",
        "jurisdiction": "Dickens County, TX",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 2200,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Galaxy Digital is the largest employer and taxpayer in Dickens County (pop. <2,000). County official on the CoreWeave lease: \"It's the news we've been waiting to hear — news that will bring jobs and dollars to Dickens County's doorstep.\" No opposition or litigation found. Investment/jobs: Phase 1 financed by a $1.4B debt facility + $350M Galaxy equity; Phase 2 permits estimate $3.5B (Helios 2 ~$900M, Helios 3 & 4 ~$1.3B each). Helios expects \"more than 100 permanent jobs\" plus \"50 or more\" from CoreWeave — floors, not hard counts.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "galaxy-helios-dickens-tx",
    "name": "Helios (Galaxy Digital / CoreWeave)",
    "operator": "Galaxy Digital",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7814083,
      "lon": -100.8790507,
      "city": "Afton",
      "county": "Dickens",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800,
      "operational": 200
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid (800 MW approved)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-05",
        "note": "Argo Blockchain completes a 180 MW Bitcoin-mining facility (\"Helios\") on 160 acres in Dickens County, TX.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-12",
        "note": "Argo sells Helios to Galaxy Digital for approximately $65M amid the 2022 crypto-market downturn, alongside a two-year hosting agreement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Galaxy signs a 15-year lease with CoreWeave to convert Helios to AI/HPC hosting (ERCOT-approved capacity expanded to 800 MW); Bitcoin-mining equipment wind-down begins.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Galaxy delivers Phase I (200 MW gross / 133 MW critical IT load) to CoreWeave; site begins generating lease revenue. Remaining phases (toward 800 MW) still under construction, financed by a $1.4B, 36-month debt facility (plus $350M Galaxy equity) closed August 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.argoblockchain.com/news-room/2022-december-helios-sale-to-galaxy",
        "label": "Sale of Helios to Galaxy Digital Holdings",
        "publisher": "Argo Blockchain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cryptobriefing.com/galaxy-digital-coreweave-200mw-helios-lease/",
        "label": "Galaxy Digital Delivers First 200MW Phase to CoreWeave Under 15-Year Lease",
        "publisher": "CryptoBriefing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/galaxy-digital-closes-14bn-debt-facility-for-helios-data-center-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "Galaxy Digital Closes $1.4bn Debt Facility for Helios Data Center Campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/407396/galaxy-delivers-133-mw-of-critical-it-load-to-coreweave-as-helios-bitcoin-mine-turns-ai-hub",
        "label": "Galaxy Delivers 133 MW of Critical IT Load to CoreWeave as Helios Bitcoin Mine Turns AI Hub",
        "publisher": "The Block",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "Built by Argo Blockchain as a 180 MW Bitcoin-mining facility (2022), sold to Galaxy Digital in Dec 2022 amid the crypto downturn. Galaxy has converted the site to AI/HPC hosting for CoreWeave under a 15-year lease signed March 28, 2025; ERCOT has approved 800 MW for the site (up from the original 180 MW mining build). Bitcoin mining is reported wound down (equipment removal/demolition began Q2 2025) ahead of the CoreWeave conversion — no source found describes concurrent mining and AI operation. The $1.4B figure is a project-financing debt facility (36-month term, secured by Phase I assets), not total investment or deal value; Galaxy separately committed $350M equity — investmentUsd is deliberately omitted rather than picking one of these ambiguous figures. A separate, unreconciled $460M figure appears in one lower-confidence source and is not repeated here as fact. Coordinates are approximate (single-source, not independently cross-verified — geocoding tools could not confirm the street address this pass).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "800 MW ERCOT-approved for the site; Phase I delivered 200 MW gross power / 133 MW critical IT load to CoreWeave."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No local community-reaction coverage (water/land/noise) surfaced in this research pass — flagged as an under-covered angle, not confirmed as non-contentious."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "environmental": {
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gateway-business-park-offgrid-generation-letcher-ky",
    "name": "Gateway Business Park Off-Grid Power Plant",
    "operator": "Diversified Gas and Oil Corporation / Maverick Holdings (with the Appalachian Industrial Development Authority)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.1633477,
      "lon": -82.6560222,
      "city": "Jenkins",
      "county": "Letcher",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wymt.com/2026/07/17/proposed-off-grid-data-center-eyeing-letcher-co-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Proposed off-grid data center eyeing Letcher Co. industrial park",
        "publisher": "WYMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/data-centers-need-massive-power-theyre-eyeing-kentuckys-idle-industrial-sites-to-get-it",
        "label": "Data centers need massive power. They're eyeing Kentucky's idle industrial sites to get it. (Letcher County industrial park, 100 MW off-grid natural gas plant)",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.floydct.com/news/data-centers-eyeing-kentucky-s-idle-industrial-sites-to-get-massive-power/article_a929bb8d-80b8-4cca-ad87-57a62bdd5490.html",
        "label": "Data centers eyeing Kentucky's idle industrial sites to get massive power",
        "publisher": "Floyd County Times / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Gateway+Industrial+Park%2C+Jenkins%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Gateway Industrial Park Drive, Jenkins, Letcher County, KY 41517",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The Appalachian Industrial Development Authority signed an 18-month joint development agreement in March 2026 with Diversified Gas and Oil Corporation and Maverick Holdings covering the potential purchase of roughly 100 acres at Gateway Business Park near Jenkins; One East Kentucky is the regional development partner. This is an early-stage feasibility project: no end user has been targeted, the site has not been deemed viable for development, and the 100 MW figure comes from Kentucky Lantern reporting rather than an engineering filing — the primary local report does not state a capacity. Recorded as power_generation rather than data_center because the announced asset is the generation plant; any data center is a hoped-for tenant, not a proposal. Coordinates are a geocode of Gateway Industrial Park Drive and are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Off-grid generation; the partners are evaluating whether power can be generated at the industrial park at all, and engineering and feasibility work was still under way as of July 2026."
    },
    "landAcres": 100,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Proposed off-grid natural gas power plant fuelled from an existing natural gas compressor station, intended to make the long-vacant Gateway Business Park attractive to a data center or manufacturer. No end user has been identified."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gawk-enerpower-amory-ms",
    "name": "Gawk Enerpower Amory Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Gawk Enerpower Ltd",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9944791,
      "lon": -88.5028344,
      "city": "Amory",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "street": "Waterway Drive North",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtva.com/2026/05/30/bitcoin-mining-facility-be-built-amory/",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining facility to be built in Amory",
        "publisher": "WTVA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.it-boltwise.de/bitcoin-mining-projekt-in-amory-gawk-enerpower-startet-ausbau-auf-5-hektar-nahe-trainingszentrum.html",
        "label": "Bitcoin-Mining-Projekt in Amory: Gawk Enerpower startet Ausbau auf 5 Hektar nahe Trainingszentrum",
        "publisher": "IT BOLTWISE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Odessa, Texas-based Gawk Enerpower Ltd is building a small, containerized Bitcoin-mining operation ('a few shipping containers on the site filled with equipment') on a 5-acre lot along Waterway Drive next to the Jimmy Bost Training Center in Amory. Amory Utilities Manager Mike King said the load is intended to help 'offset the load on utilities' and should not meaningfully affect customer service; local coverage explicitly distinguishes it from 'a large data center.' As of the most recent reporting found (2026-05-30), the city targeted an August 2026 completion; no source located this session confirms the facility has actually gone live, so status is carried as under_construction rather than assumed operational. No capacity (MW), investment or job figures were disclosed in the available coverage.",
    "landAcres": 5,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "gci-anchorage-ak",
    "name": "GCI Anchorage Data Center",
    "operator": "GCI",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 61.2163129,
      "lon": -149.894852,
      "city": "Anchorage",
      "state": "AK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gci.com/business/products/managed-services/data-center-colocation",
        "label": "Data Center & Colocation | GCI Business",
        "publisher": "GCI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://business.anchoragechamber.org/list/member/gci-1497",
        "label": "GCI | Communications - Anchorage Chamber",
        "publisher": "Anchorage Chamber of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "GCI's own site describes this, without naming a street address, as Alaska's largest and most advanced data center, built on self-contained pods with isolated power and cooling and a 99.9999% uptime design. Multiple third-party directories consistently cite 6831 Arctic Blvd, Anchorage for this specific facility, but three separate attempts to fetch a page confirming that address (two on datacentermap.com, one on mapcarta.com) returned HTTP 429/403 this session. The Anchorage Chamber listing (fetched successfully) instead gives 2550 Denali St Suite 1000 — likely GCI's corporate headquarters rather than this data center's site, illustrating exactly why the two shouldn't be conflated. Pin is therefore an Anchorage city-level approximation (Nominatim), not either street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "gemini-data-center-sioux-falls-sd",
    "name": "Sioux Falls Technology Park (Gemini Data Center)",
    "operator": "Gemini Data Center SD LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.583,
      "lon": -96.685,
      "city": "Sioux Falls",
      "county": "Minnehaha",
      "state": "SD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Xcel Energy; adjacent to Xcel's Split Rock substation)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Gemini Data Center SD LLC (a California family office under Michael Anvar) acquired ~164 acres from Xcel Energy northeast of Sioux Falls, adjacent to Xcel's Split Rock substation, and sought city approvals for a data center supporting up to 500 MW. Gemini is the land developer, not the operator; no tenant is signed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Sioux Falls City Council approved annexation (October 8, 2025) and unanimously approved rezoning from agricultural to light industrial (January 2026), despite hours of opposing testimony. Construction was targeted for 2026 and operation for 2028. The developer committed to funding all utility extensions at its own cost.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://siouxfalls.business/hyperscale-data-center-seeking-city-approvals-to-build-northeast-of-sioux-falls/",
        "label": "Hyperscale data center seeking city approvals to build northeast of Sioux Falls",
        "publisher": "SiouxFalls.Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://siouxfalls.business/sioux-falls-data-center-developers-detail-next-steps/",
        "label": "Sioux Falls data center developers detail next steps",
        "publisher": "SiouxFalls.Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thedakotascout.com/p/planned-hyperscale-data-center-moving",
        "label": "Planned hyperscale data center moving into South Dakota's largest city",
        "publisher": "The Dakota Scout",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "aiClassification is 'likely' (not 'confirmed'): Gemini is the land developer, no tenant is signed, and only developer aspiration to attract a hyperscale/AI/neocloud tenant is on record. Capacity (500 MW) and acreage per SiouxFalls.Business; an earlier report cited 160 acres. Coordinates are approximate for the northeast Sioux Falls site. As a developer land project with no signed tenant, its water, subsidy, investment, and job figures remain developer projections only (South Dakota has no state income tax and rejected data-center incentive bills); all recorded as honest-zeros pending a confirmed tenant.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Site adjacent to Xcel's Split Rock substation and Angus Anson power station; an Xcel facility study is in process. The developer committed to funding utility extensions and substation upgrades."
    },
    "landAcres": 164,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The city council approved rezoning unanimously despite hours of opposing public testimony; a citizen petition drive is gathering signatures that could force the rezoning to a public vote. A state 50-year sales-tax exemption bill failed in the 2026 legislative session.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "genesis-digital-assets-anderson-sc",
    "name": "Genesis Digital Assets Anderson Bitcoin Mining Data Center",
    "operator": "Genesis Digital Assets",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.5068601,
      "lon": -82.6506264,
      "city": "Anderson",
      "county": "Anderson",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-02",
        "note": "Facility active since February 2023 with 18 MW of capacity, in a repurposed abandoned textile warehouse.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://scbiz.com/bitcoin-miner-opens-three-data-centers-in-anderson-union-counties/",
        "label": "Bitcoin miner opens three data centers in Anderson, Union counties",
        "publisher": "SC Biz News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Anderson%2C+Anderson+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Anderson, Anderson County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "GDA = Genesis Digital Assets. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Anderson, SC — the source places the site 'near the community of Anderson' with no address. Current ownership/operation has not been re-verified against a 2026 source; the record reflects the operator named at opening. Re-checked 2026-09-10: no status change found, and no new fillable field secured — this is an absence-of-adverse-signal check, not an independent confirmation the site is still running. The facility's own cited source (scbiz.com, GDA's Aug 2023 opening announcement, re-fetched today) remains the most recent primary account: operational since Feb 2023 at 18MW near Anderson, on Duke Energy's grid via Hitachi dry-type transformers, built into a repurposed textile warehouse. Checked for a newer/contradicting signal at the county tier: Anderson County's three most recent County Council agenda packets (2026-09-01, 2026-08-18, 2026-06-16) and the County's audited FY2025 ACFR (period ended 2025-06-30) contain zero reference to Genesis Digital Assets, GDA, bitcoin, or crypto-mining -- no ordinance amendment, enforcement action, or FILOT dispute surfaced. Anderson County's Note 13 (Tax Abatements) is AGGREGATE-ONLY ($10,447,545 countywide FY25, not itemized by company) so it neither confirms nor denies a site-level FILOT -- unlike some SC municipal ACFRs, this county's note does not itemize. Could NOT check the SC PSC docket system (dms.psc.sc.gov) or FERC eLibrary -- both are JS-rendered single-page apps that return no content to a static fetch this session -- nor run a general web search (WebSearch tool quota was exhausted for this session before I started, and DuckDuckGo/Bing/Marginalia all returned CAPTCHA/anomaly-detection blocks to direct fetches; web.archive.org was reporting 'Temporarily Offline'). investmentUsd, landAcres, water, location.street/postalCode, subsidies, and aiClassification remain unresolved for these same tooling reasons -- NOT because any source confirmed their absence. The 2023 article's job figure ('150 jobs, 125 local contractors') is an explicit combined total across GDA's Anderson site AND the two Union/Lockhart sites together, with no per-site breakdown given anywhere in the source -- assigning any portion of it to this record specifically would be a fabricated split, so `jobs` is deliberately NOT filled. `community` is also not filled: the only community-reception language in the source is GDA's own press quote about being 'welcomed... warmly,' which is the company describing itself, not documented independent public reception.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "Reporting states the Anderson facility returns excess power to the Duke Energy grid when needed, and that it uses Hitachi dry-type distribution transformers."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "genesis-digital-assets-union-lockhart-sc",
    "name": "Genesis Digital Assets Union–Lockhart Bitcoin Mining Data Centers",
    "operator": "Genesis Digital Assets",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.7865238,
      "lon": -81.4620402,
      "city": "Lockhart",
      "county": "Union",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site",
      "multiSite": {
        "states": [
          "SC"
        ],
        "siteCountNote": "Two adjacent facilities located between Union and Lockhart, South Carolina, with 15 MW of combined capacity; one is referred to as the Pacolet center. Neither has a published street address."
      }
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 15
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-03",
        "note": "The two Union/Lockhart facilities began operating in March 2023 with 15 MW of combined capacity; 95% of contracted construction workers were South Carolina residents.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://scbiz.com/bitcoin-miner-opens-three-data-centers-in-anderson-union-counties/",
        "label": "Bitcoin miner opens three data centers in Anderson, Union counties",
        "publisher": "SC Biz News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Lockhart%2C+Union+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Lockhart, Union County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Deliberately recorded as one multi-site record rather than two, because the source gives only a combined 15 MW figure and locates both facilities as 'between Union and Lockhart' with no addresses; splitting them would require inventing per-site capacity. Coordinates are the Lockhart, SC centroid and are illustrative only. Re-checked 2026-09-10: no status change found, and no new fillable field secured -- absence-of-adverse-signal only, not an independent confirmation of continued operation. The facility's cited source (scbiz.com, re-fetched today) remains the most recent primary account: two facilities between Union and Lockhart, combined 15MW, running since March 2023, sited near two Lockhart Power hydroelectric plants. I independently confirmed Lockhart Power Company is a real, currently-operating utility (hydro + solar generation, active economic-development program as of a fetch today) -- consistent with, but not independent confirmation of, the 2023 account. I could NOT locate Union County SC's own official government website this session (unioncountysc.org 301-redirects to an unrelated education-grant site, gearupunionsc.com; unioncountysc.gov/.com do not resolve; a South Carolina Association of Counties lookup 404'd), so no county-council-minutes or FILOT-ordinance check was possible for Union County specifically (unlike the parallel Anderson County check I was able to do for the sibling record). Also could NOT check SC PSC dockets or FERC eLibrary (both JS-only SPAs, no content via static fetch) or run a general web search (WebSearch quota exhausted before I started this session; DuckDuckGo/Bing/Marginalia direct fetches all hit CAPTCHA/anomaly-detection walls; web.archive.org was reporting 'Temporarily Offline'). investmentUsd, landAcres, water, location.street/postalCode, subsidies, and aiClassification remain unresolved for these tooling reasons, not as a confirmed absence. As with the Anderson record, the source's '150 jobs / 125 local contractors' figure is an explicit COMBINED total across all three GDA South Carolina sites (Anderson + the two Union/Lockhart facilities) with no per-site split given, so `jobs` is deliberately not filled here either -- filling it would double-count against the Anderson record. `community` is not filled for the same reason as the sibling record: the only reception language present is GDA's own press-release self-description, not documented independent public reception.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Reporting states the Pacolet center sits about three miles from two hydroelectric generation plants operated by Lockhart Power."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "genh-morley-dam-mecosta-mi",
    "name": "GenH Morley Dam Data Services Facility",
    "operator": "GenH",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.490861,
      "lon": -85.443928,
      "city": "Morley",
      "county": "Mecosta",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "First public meeting at Deerfield Township Hall postponed on 2026-08-10 because of overflow attendance; later held at Morley Stanwood High School.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thedailynews.cc/articles/just-in-data-center-proposed-for-morley-dam-meeting-postponed-due-to-large-number-of-attendees/",
        "label": "Data center proposed for Morley dam; meeting postponed due to large number of attendees",
        "publisher": "The Daily News (Greenville, MI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Morley%2C+Mecosta+County%2C+Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Morley, Mecosta County, Michigan (village-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a village-level geocode, not a parcel pin — the exact Frank Deyo Dam site footprint has not been published. No formal application had been filed as of the cited coverage.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "notes": "Boston-based GenH proposes powering the facility with hydropower from the Frank Deyo Dam using a siphon-based 'adaptive hydro' approach that conveys water around the existing structure. No generation capacity has been published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "geobitmine-aberdeen-id",
    "name": "GeoBitmine Bingham County Facility",
    "operator": "GeoBitmine",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.9442,
      "lon": -112.8383,
      "city": "Aberdeen",
      "county": "Bingham",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/geobitmine-idaho-power-cryptocurrency-mining-rate/626724/",
        "label": "GeoBitmine challenges Idaho Power's 'discriminatory' rate for cryptocurrency mining facilities",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Proposed co-generation crypto-mine + greenhouse project at the closed J.R. Simplot potato-processing plant in Aberdeen (Bingham County). GeoBitmine planned to pipe mining-rig waste heat into industrial greenhouses (with a University of Idaho seed-research tie-in) and estimated a 6 MW load. Project stalled when Idaho Power created a crypto-specific \"Schedule 20\" tariff (approved June 15, 2022) that GeoBitmine calls discriminatory — it allows up to 225 hours/year of interruptible service and marginal energy-based pricing, which GeoBitmine says makes financing impossible; GeoBitmine filed for PUC reconsideration July 6, 2022. This wave's directly-read sourcing tops out at 2022; secondary (unread) search results suggest the Schedule 20 dispute was still before the Idaho PUC as late as January 2026, but that later date was not independently verified against a primary document this session — treat status as long-pending/unresolved rather than confirmed-dead or confirmed-built.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "geronimo-nobles-county-powered-data-park-mn",
    "name": "Nobles County Powered Data Park",
    "operator": "Geronimo Power (Brookfield Asset Management subsidiary)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.62,
      "lon": -95.6,
      "city": "Worthington",
      "county": "Nobles",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "poweredBy": "Plum Creek Wind, Lime Creek Wind Farm, Summit Lake Solar and Storage (Geronimo/National Grid Renewables projects)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://minnesotareformer.com/2026/04/27/minnesotas-long-predicted-data-center-boom-is-on-shaky-ground/",
        "label": "Minnesota's long-predicted data center boom is on shaky ground",
        "publisher": "Minnesota Reformer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geronimopower.com/in-development/nobles-county-powered-data-park/",
        "label": "Nobles County Powered Data Park",
        "publisher": "Geronimo Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/geronimo-powers-farmer-friendly-and-community-first-approach-receives-warm-welcome-from-minnesotas-nobles-county-community-302672933.html",
        "label": "Geronimo Power's Farmer-Friendly and Community First Approach Receives Warm Welcome (PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dakotanewsnow.com/2026/03/19/geronimo-power-seeks-feedback-nobles-county-data-center/",
        "label": "Geronimo Power seeks feedback on Nobles County data center",
        "publisher": "Dakota News Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate (near Worthington, MN).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "City of Worthington",
      "notes": "Site-specific co-located wind (primary) plus solar is the defining, named story — Geronimo's own press release describes the project as 'a data center collocated with new local, clean power generation which will supply power to the data center,' explicitly citing the Plum Creek Wind, Plum Creek Wind II."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Nobles County Board rejected the requested zoning change (~June 2026); no confirmation found of the developer abandoning or appealing the project, so status is recorded as proposed pending further news rather than presumed cancelled.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "gibson-county-data-center-in",
    "name": "Gibson County Data Center",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.3079744,
      "lon": -87.5775949,
      "county": "Gibson",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Listed as a 600 MW undisclosed-developer proposal in Gibson County on two public trackers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/indiana",
        "label": "Data Centers in Indiana — Project List (Gibson County Data Center, undisclosed, 600 MW, planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ailawtracker.org/data-centers",
        "label": "Indiana Data Center Map | AI Infrastructure Projects (Gibson/Posey County, 600 MW, proposed)",
        "publisher": "AI Law Tracker",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Recorded as rumored: two trackers list a 600 MW southwest-Indiana proposal, one attributing it to Gibson County and one to 'Gibson/Posey County', and no county filing or local news naming a Gibson County site was found this session. Kept separate from posey-county-boberg-road-data-center-in, which is a specific, separately sourced Posey County site the commissioners rejected; if a primary source later ties the 600 MW figure to Boberg Road these should be merged. Coordinates are the Gibson County centroid.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "gigaland-data-centers-remington-fauquier-va",
    "name": "Gigaland Data Centers",
    "operator": "Gigaland LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.56070838764574,
      "lon": -77.78314256153212,
      "city": "Remington",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "proposed per Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "Confirmed: Fauquier County Planning Commission voted 4-1 on June 18 to recommend DENIAL of the original 202-acre, 2.2M sq ft (800MW) application. Rather than proceed to a Board of Supervisors vote on that denied application, the developer WITHDREW the application entirely on Aug 25, 2025 (per fauquiernow.com, corroborated by DCD). Gigaland has since stated it is preparing a scaled-down resubmissio",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_18be50e8-49f6-11ef-95cf-3b45407fea55.html",
        "label": "Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow (sourced from Fauquier Co. planning staff)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/gigaland-developers-withdraw-remington-data-center-application-new-filing-anticipated/article_ea7c2fd1-97a0-416f-9a1b-4e68e72cc496.html",
        "label": "Gigaland developers pull Remington data center application; new filing anticipated",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/fauquier-planning-commission-recommends-denial-of-gigaland-data-center-project-in-remington/article_0aa8068e-1c6e-437e-917b-6f32d2a6f836.html",
        "label": "Fauquier Planning Commission recommends denial of Gigaland data center project in Remington",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "HONEST INTAKE: application on hold, county awaiting additional information from applicant — recorded as status=proposed with the hold explicitly noted. Fauquier planning-database roundup; Planning Commission reportedly recommended denial mid-2025 — treat status as contested/early.",
    "landAcres": 202.54,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Planning Commission reportedly recommended denial (mid-2025); application on hold pending additional information."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "gigawatt-east-wenatchee-wa",
    "name": "Giga Watt Mining Facility (former)",
    "operator": "Giga Watt Inc.",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.3968,
      "lon": -120.2042,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2018/11/21/bitcoin-mining-firm-giga-watt-declares-bankruptcy-owing-millions",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mining Firm Giga Watt Declares Bankruptcy Owing Millions",
        "publisher": "CoinDesk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/news/local/port-will-study-future-uses-for-former-cryptocurrency-mine/article_9f67f584-cab3-11ea-a042-97ef303665a1.html",
        "label": "Port will study future uses for former cryptocurrency mine",
        "publisher": "Wenatchee World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Giga Watt (formerly MegaBigPower, founded by ex-Microsoft engineer Dave Carlson) was a pioneering Mid-Columbia Basin Bitcoin miner/hosting operator in the Pangborn Business Park, East Wenatchee, Douglas County. Filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Nov 2018 (Eastern District of WA), owing Douglas County PUD $310K+ among other creditors. As of March 2023 (Wenatchee World), the Port of Douglas County was awarded a $50,000 grant to study alternative future uses (e.g. startup/small-distribution cluster) for the former mine property — confirming the site is defunct/non-operational, not merely dormant. Capacity omitted per cancelled-site convention. Distinct from Salcido's Pangborn Data Center, a separate, still-operating parcel in the same business park.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "global-ai-windsor-co",
    "name": "Global AI Windsor Data Center (former Kodak/Carestream campus)",
    "operator": "Global AI",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.4653149,
      "lon": -104.909,
      "city": "Windsor",
      "county": "Weld",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 27.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-07",
        "note": "Construction under way on the former Kodak/Carestream buildings; county has repeatedly ordered work stopped pending zoning approval.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/08/07/weld-county-ai-data-center/",
        "label": "Weld County officials have told an AI company to stop construction on a new data center. Three times. (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.windsorco.gov/1452/AI-Data-Center-Project-Information",
        "label": "AI Data Center Project Information — Town of Windsor",
        "publisher": "Town of Windsor, Colorado",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Global AI, a New York-based firm, bought a 438-acre former Kodak/Carestream property in unincorporated Weld County near Windsor in November 2025 and is developing a 41-acre data center on it. Phase 1 is stated at 27.5 MW with an ambition to reach 1 GW; no timeline for later phases has been shared. The company says it plans to operate the site alongside Nvidia and Humain. Coordinates are approximate (former Kodak campus, Eastman Park Drive area), not parcel-confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association",
      "notes": "Poudre Valley REA told the county it can supply only 35 MW until mid-2028, dropping to about 27 MW at the start of 2028 and declining further in 2029, citing limited wholesale supply from Tri-State Generation and Transmission. Global AI's zoning application says later phases would be powered on-site with Bloom solid-oxide fuel cells; no state air permit had been filed as of 2026-07-29."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "A Weld County review published 2026-08-07 found the applicant still had to show proof of water supply. Windsor has issued only a non-binding will-serve letter for water and wastewater contingent on annexation."
    },
    "landAcres": 41,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Weld County posted stop-work orders on the property on 2026-05-07, 2026-06-11 and again on an unspecified date for un-permitted construction, and issued a formal order to abate on 2026-07-20. The county received hundreds of public comments; the site is in the Use by Special Review process. Windsor states it has not approved or endorsed the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "global-reach-ames-ia",
    "name": "Global Reach Ames Data Center",
    "operator": "Global Reach Internet Productions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0020484,
      "lon": -93.6351121,
      "city": "Ames",
      "county": "Story County",
      "street": "2321 North Loop Drive",
      "postalCode": "50010",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Operator lists a data center at its Ames headquarters in the Iowa State University Research Park; Business Record records the site as in service since 2017 with 48,000 sq ft.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globalreach.com/contact/locations/headquarters",
        "label": "Global Reach headquarters - Ames, Iowa",
        "publisher": "Global Reach Internet Productions",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Business Record records 14 acres, 48,000 sq ft (25,000 sq ft of additional capacity possible), in service since 2017, assessed valuation $7.3 million. Coordinates geocoded from the operator's published address to the OpenStreetMap building at 2321 North Loop Drive in the ISU Research Park. This is a small enterprise/hosting facility, not a hyperscale site.",
    "landAcres": 14,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "global-stack-vallejo-fairgrounds-ca",
    "name": "Solano County Fairgrounds Data Center (Global Stack proposal)",
    "operator": "Global Stack LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.135514,
      "lon": -122.2262112,
      "city": "Vallejo",
      "county": "Solano",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.pressdemocrat.com/2026/07/13/solano-county-fair-association-will-discuss-proposed-data-center/",
        "label": "Data center proposed in Vallejo fairgrounds",
        "publisher": "The Press Democrat",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Global Stack LLC (Santa Ana-based) proposed an approximately 5-acre data center described as an 'emergency preparedness hub,' reported at 8 to 10 MW, on the Solano County Fairgrounds. Part of a stated company plan to add small-scale data centers to 70+ California fairgrounds by 2030. capacityMw omitted here because the source gives a range (8-10 MW), not a single figure.",
    "landAcres": 5,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Proposal was on the Solano County Fair Association Board of Directors' meeting agenda for 2026-07-16. Named residents voiced opposition ahead of the meeting: Laurie Shaft (a former data-center-industry worker) warned about water/electricity draw and a possible 2-4 degree local temperature increase; Glencove resident Joe Estrada said he was 'not pro data center' and worried about impacts on Mare Island ratepayers. Organized social-media opposition preceded the meeting. This session found no report of the meeting's outcome.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "globalinx-fastnet-cls-ocean-city-md",
    "name": "Globalinx Fastnet Cable Landing Station",
    "operator": "Globalinx (GLX)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.3117282,
      "lon": -75.1228506,
      "city": "Berlin",
      "county": "Worcester",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-atlantic/fastnet/globalinx-to-build-a-cable-landing-station-in-maryland-for-aws%E2%80%99s-fastnet-subsea-cable",
        "label": "Globalinx to Build a Cable Landing Station in Maryland for AWS's Fastnet Subsea Cable",
        "publisher": "Submarine Networks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.telecomramblings.com/2026/01/globalinx-poised-to-construct-a-subsea-cable-landing-station-in-ocean-city-worcester-county-maryland/",
        "label": "Globalinx Poised to Construct a Subsea Cable Landing Station in Ocean City, Worcester County, Maryland",
        "publisher": "Telecom Ramblings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://worcestermd.gov/news/worcester-county-enacts-moratorium-data-centers-and-cable-landing-stations-while-new",
        "label": "Worcester County Enacts Moratorium on Data Centers and Cable Landing Stations While New Regulations Are Developed",
        "publisher": "Worcester County, Maryland",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wboc.com/news/worcester-county-approves-one-year-moratorium-on-data-centers-cable-landings/article_809ad634-6f4f-48d6-bb07-a7e6febcde31.html",
        "label": "Worcester County approves one-year moratorium on data centers, cable landings",
        "publisher": "WBOC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "AWS is the anchor tenant of the Fastnet transatlantic subsea cable (Ocean City, MD to Castlefreke, County Cork, Ireland; ~320 Tbps across 16 fiber pairs); Globalinx's lease agreement was signed late 2025 with a targeted Q3 2027 ready-for-service date and Fastnet operational in 2028. No source fetched this run states a specific street address or parcel — reporting places the site 'near Ocean City Municipal Airport' off Route 611 / Stephen Decatur Highway outside Berlin. Coordinates are therefore a disclosed representative pin at Ocean City Municipal Airport (via OSM Nominatim), NOT a confirmed parcel location; precision is approximate. 24,000 sq ft facility designed to support up to four subsea cable systems; capacityMw.planned=5 reflects the reported scalable-to-5MW power capacity, not a confirmed operational figure.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Worcester County staff determined the proposed cable landing station does not qualify as a public utility and is not permitted under the site's current C-2 zoning. After 'months of debate' and public hearings, the County Commissioners unanimously enacted a 12-month moratorium (Resolution No. 26-18, enacted 2026-07-21) on the submittal and issuance of permits for both data centers and cable landing stations, applying to Globalinx's pending application while the county drafts new zoning rules.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "gmi-computing-mountain-pine-ar",
    "name": "GMI Computing Mountain Pine Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "GMI Computing (General Mint Inc.)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.5720347,
      "lon": -93.1732401,
      "city": "Mountain Pine",
      "county": "Garland",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/mountain-pine-residents-decry-noise-pollution-from-new-cryptomining-facility-cryptomine-gmi-computing-ptsd-arkansas-garland-county-noise-ordinance-hot-springs-piney-property-values-loud-servers-fans-cooling-city-hall-data-center-bitcoin-gary-muston",
        "label": "Mountain Pine residents decry noise pollution from new cryptomining facility",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kait8.com/2023/10/10/its-freaking-loud-neighbors-fed-up-with-crypto-mine-noise/",
        "label": "'It's freaking loud': Neighbors fed up with crypto-mine noise",
        "publisher": "KAIT8",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "No street address given in either source; location is a Nominatim city-level geocode for Mountain Pine, Garland County (disclosed via precision: approximate). Status 'operational' reflects the last confirmed reporting (October 2023, KATV/KAIT8); no 2024-2025 coverage was found either confirming continued operation or reporting closure as of this 2026-09-13 search -- flagged as an information gap, not a confirmed current status.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Mountain Pine City Hall issued a noise ordinance and ordered GMI Computing (General Mint Inc.) to install sound barriers by end-of-year 2023, after residents reported constant loud noise audible 4-5 miles away and said the company represented the facility as a 'data center' rather than a crypto mine when it was proposed. Of roughly five employees at the site, only one was a local resident.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "goldendale-energy-storage-klickitat-wa",
    "name": "Goldendale Energy Storage Project",
    "operator": "Rye Development / Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.725,
      "lon": -120.67,
      "city": "Goldendale",
      "county": "Klickitat",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-22",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01-22",
        "note": "FERC issued a 40-year license — the largest new energy project FERC has approved in a dozen years.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ryedevelopment.com/federal-energy-regulatory-commission-issues-40-year-license-to-the-goldendale-energy-storage-project.html",
        "label": "FERC Issues 40-Year License to the Goldendale Energy Storage Project",
        "publisher": "Rye Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://goldendaleenergystorage.com/news.html",
        "label": "Goldendale Energy Storage Project — News and project overview",
        "publisher": "Goldendale Energy Storage Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nwpb.org/local/2026-05-01/part-of-an-old-aluminum-smelter-along-the-columbia-river-could-soon-get-cleaned-up-an-energy-project-is-helping-fast-track-the-work",
        "label": "Part of an old aluminum smelter along the Columbia River could soon get cleaned up",
        "publisher": "Northwest Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.columbiariverkeeper.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026.02.26-Data-Center-Closer-Look-Report.pdf",
        "label": "A Closer Look: Columbia River Data Centers (February 2026) — Klickitat County, Washington",
        "publisher": "Columbia Riverkeeper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Sited on the former Columbia Gorge Aluminum smelter grounds roughly eight miles southeast of Goldendale, adjacent to John Day Dam, and immediately adjacent to STACK Infrastructure's proposed Goldendale data center campus (tracked separately). Construction is expected to take four to five years and to generate more than $10 million a year for Klickitat County. Washington Department of Ecology has split the smelter cleanup into three phases; the first covers the storage project's lower pool, with excavation possibly starting as early as January 2027. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the described smelter site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 3000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The Yakama Nation opposes the development, which affects Pushpum, a site of cultural and religious significance; part of the project area is on federal Army Corps of Engineers land subject to Tribal treaty rights.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "hydro",
      "notes": "Closed-loop pumped-storage hydropower using an upper and a lower reservoir on the grounds of the former Columbia Gorge Aluminum smelter, near John Day Dam. Designed to store up to 12 hours of electricity and deliver 1,200 MW of on-demand generation."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "goodman-energy-park-vernon-ca",
    "name": "Goodman Energy Park Data Center",
    "operator": "Goodman Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0055798,
      "lon": -118.2182202,
      "city": "Vernon",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "3163 East Vernon Avenue",
      "postalCode": "90058",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Small Power Plant Exemption application for the Vernon Backup Generating Facility is under review at the California Energy Commission.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/vernon-backup-generating-facility-vbgf",
        "label": "Vernon Backup Generating Facility (25-SPPE-01)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=3163%20East%20Vernon%20Avenue%2C%20Vernon%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 3163 East Vernon Avenue, Vernon, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Two buildings: Building 1 at 3163 East Vernon Avenue and Building 2 at 3049 East Vernon Avenue; applicant of record is GIC Vernon LLC. ⚠️ REVIEWER FLAG: this shares a Vernon campus with the already-tracked DataBank/Goodman joint venture (databank-vernon-la-ca) at 3094 East Vernon Avenue, 32 MW. Emitted as a separate record because the CEC filing names two different building addresses and a different capacity; merge if a reviewer judges them one facility.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Vernon Public Utilities",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 99,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 25-SPPE-01 (under review): 40 diesel-fired generators — 38 rated 3 MW and 2 rated 1 MW — providing up to 99 MW of backup generation for use when electricity from Vernon Public Utilities is unavailable."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "goodman-innovation-centre-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Goodman Innovation Centre San Jose (NorthTown Data Center)",
    "operator": "Goodman Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3806176,
      "lon": -121.9337744,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "350 West Trimble Road",
      "postalCode": "95134",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 97.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-30",
        "note": "Goodman announced acquisition of the 45.8-acre estate for redevelopment into a two-building, ~414,000 sq ft data center campus with up to 97.3 MW available by 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/northtown-backup-generating-facility",
        "label": "NorthTown Backup Generating Facility (25-SPPE-02)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://irei.com/news/goodman-acquires-prime-silicon-valley-site-for-data-center-redevelopment-3/",
        "label": "Goodman acquires prime Silicon Valley site for data center redevelopment",
        "publisher": "Institutional Real Estate, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=350%20West%20Trimble%20Road%2C%20San%20Jose%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 350 West Trimble Road, San Jose, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Site is 350 & 370 West Trimble Road at Orchard Parkway. The CEC applicant of record for the backup generating facility is GIC San Jose, LLC; Goodman announced the acquisition and redevelopment and renamed the estate. The 45.8 acres is the whole estate; the CEC gives the data center project site as about 28.5 acres.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 97.3,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 25-SPPE-02 (under review): 42 diesel generators — forty rated 3 MW (eight of them redundant) and two rated 1.75 MW — providing up to 97.3 MW of backup generation on an approximately 28.5-acre project site (APNs 101-02-018 and 101-02-021). The generating facility would not connect to the transmission or distribution grid."
    },
    "landAcres": 45.8,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-arcola-loudoun-va",
    "name": "Google Arcola Data Center (Loudoun County)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9432462,
      "lon": -77.5253232,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Dominion Energy grid delivery; AES has a 500 MW wind/solar/hydro/battery carbon-free-power contract for Google's Loudoun County facilities generally, but not confirmed specific to the Arcola site",
    "announcedDate": "2017",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Arcola Center parcel purchased 2017 ($58M, 91 acres); ARA1A building operational, built 2020 per baxtel.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-dulles-arcola-center",
        "label": "Google Dulles / Arcola Center — 42575 Arcola Blvd, Sterling VA, fully operational, built 2020",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11430462/google-buys-two-data-center-sites-in-northern-virginia",
        "label": "Google buys two data center sites in Northern Virginia — 91-acre Arcola Center parcel, $58M (Nov 2017)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/aes-to-provide-carbon-free-power-for-googles-nova-data-centers/",
        "label": "AES to provide carbon-free power for Google's Loudoun data centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Google data center at 42575 Arcola Blvd in the Arcola area of Loudoun County (Northern Virginia 'Data Center Alley') — the ~91-acre 'Arcola Center' parcel was purchased in 2017 for $58M (a land cost, not total capex), and the ARA1A building is operational (built 2020 per baxtel). DISTINCT from Google's tracked Chester and Midlothian (Richmond-area) Virginia campuses. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Arcola Blvd address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "AES signed a 10-year deal to supply 90% carbon-free power (500 MW wind/solar/hydro/battery portfolio) to Google's Loudoun County data centers starting 2021, but coverage names the county-wide facility set (\"two major facilities... a third under construction\"), not Arcola specifically."
    },
    "landAcres": 91,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-armstrong-county-tx",
    "name": "Goodnight Campus",
    "operator": "Google / Crusoe",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.973,
      "lon": -101.367,
      "city": "Claude",
      "county": "Armstrong",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 933
    },
    "poweredBy": "mixed",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Armstrong County Commissioners Court approved tax abatement agreement with GN DC1, LLC (Crusoe Energy entity) at November 12, 2024 public hearing. Tenant not publicly named at that time.",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Google confirmed partnership with Crusoe for Goodnight campus as part of $40B statewide Texas announcement, November 2025. Satellite imagery (Cleanview, Feb 24 2026) confirmed two buildings under active construction with roof installation and steel framing underway.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-commits-40bn-to-expand-cloud-and-ai-infrastructure-in-texas-through-2027/",
        "label": "Google commits $40bn to expand cloud and AI infrastructure in Texas through 2027",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://e360.yale.edu/digest/google-natural-gas-data-center",
        "label": "Google to Use Natural Gas to Power Massive Data Center in Texas",
        "publisher": "Yale Environment 360",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.distilled.earth/p/google-is-weighing-natural-gas-without",
        "label": "Google Is Considering Natural Gas Without Carbon Capture in Its AI Data Center Strategy",
        "publisher": "Distilled",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case/",
        "label": "How a Crusoe-Google campus became Texas' co-location test case",
        "publisher": "Latitude Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/google-launches-1-gw-plus-co-located-data-center-and-generation-complex-in-texas-panhandle/",
        "label": "Google Launches 1-GW-Plus Co-Located Data Center and Generation Complex in Texas Panhandle",
        "publisher": "Power Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2025/10/18/armstrong-county-ai-data-center-project-scaled-back-original-plan/",
        "label": "Armstrong County AI data center project scaled back from original plan",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 10 (Amarillo)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/docs/2024/NOV/Tax%20Abatement%20Agreement%202%20Phase%201.pdf",
        "label": "Tax Abatement Agreement between Armstrong County, Texas and GN DC1, LLC (Phase 1)",
        "publisher": "Armstrong County, Texas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2026-07-31/crusoe-texas-ai-data-center-goodnight",
        "label": "Crusoe Plans $1B Texas AI Data Center Expansion, Pursues Nuclear Power",
        "publisher": "The Energy Mag",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Campus name: Goodnight, near the town of Claude, TX (known address: 10001 Lima Rd, Claude, TX 79019). Coordinates approximate (based on dispatch seed; county parcel area). Developed by Crusoe Energy via entity GN DC1, LLC (Delaware LLC, 255 Filmore St., Denver, CO 80206); Google is the hyperscale tenant/customer, confirmed publicly November 2025. Tax abatement agreement was signed with GN DC1, LLC in late 2024 without publicly naming the tenant. Google confirmed the Crusoe partnership but had not signed an offtake agreement for the on-site gas plant as of early 2026; negotiations on power amounts still ongoing per Google spokesperson. Planned IT capacity: Phase 1 described in tax abatement agreement as 'anticipated to consume up to 530 MW,' 4 buildings each with 4 x 25 MW data halls, on approximately 350 acres; Phase 2 (possible additional 3+ buildings) reported at up to ~500 MW additional; combined full build-out reported as 1 GW+ — all capacity figures are 'up to' ceilings from permit and abatement documents, not firm contracted amounts. Project was scaled back from an original 7-building plan (October 2025 local reporting); 4 buildings with construction permits from TDLR as of early 2026; Crusoe described 3-4 buildings as likely; grading on additional parcels suggests total program may reach 5+ buildings. First phase expected online 2026; initial county PILOT payment expected June/July 2026. The $40B Google Texas investment is a statewide commitment through 2027 covering multiple sites (Armstrong County, Haskell County, Ellis County) with no site-specific investment figure disclosed by Google. A $29B campus investment figure appeared in Aterio/Crusoe reporting — this is a projected ceiling, not a firm committed amount; omitted from investmentUsd per data-rigor policy. Distinct from Google's separate Haskell County TX site and Red Oak (Ellis County) TX sites — do not conflate. Building 3 is scheduled for completion 2026-08-01; Building 4 is due March 2027. Nothing at the campus is yet described as operational.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 933,
      "notes": "Crusoe Energy filed TCEQ air construction permit (TCEQ announcement Feb 5, 2026) for a 933 MW natural gas power plant on-site at the Goodnight campus. Gas plant operates off-grid with no ERCOT grid connection for this generation asset. No carbon capture technology. Estimated emissions up to 4.5 million tons CO2/year and 1,600 tons criteria air pollutants/year per permit application. A portion of the campus also co-locates behind the meter with Goodnight Wind farm (265.5 MW, Serena Energy, came online 2024) under Texas SB6 net metering arrangement; proposal submitted to Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT), regulatory review ongoing as of mid-2026. Separate TCEQ wastewater permit WQ0016881001 filed under same entity, indicating water/utility infrastructure planning underway."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "No water volume or cooling system type disclosed in sources reviewed. TCEQ wastewater permit WQ0016881001 filed under the same GN DC1 LLC entity, indicating water infrastructure is being permitted; no public details available on cooling approach or projected water consumption."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Armstrong County Tax Abatement Agreement (Chapter 312, Texas Tax Code) with GN DC1, LLC — ad valorem property tax abatement up to 10 years on eligible improvements; amended 2025 to per-building Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILOTs) of $1.35M/year/building once operational; original structure was $5.4M/year per phase ($10.8M/year at full build-out) for 10 years; county attorney noted total money would not change under amendment",
        "jurisdiction": "Armstrong County, TX",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 350,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Armstrong County Commissioners Court approved the original tax abatement agreement unanimously at the November 12, 2024 public hearing. The amended PILOT structure was also approved unanimously in 2025 after hearing from elected officials from multiple taxing entities and members of the public. County Judge Adam Ensey publicly supported the amendment, noting it allows revenue collection to begin with each completed building rather than waiting for phase completion. Initial county payment expected June/July 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-bosc-lima-oh",
    "name": "Google Project BOSC (Lima)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.744,
      "lon": -84.1052,
      "city": "Lima",
      "county": "Allen",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid",
    "announcedDate": "2026-03-16",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Project first surfaced as Project BOSC via Bistrozzi LLC (Delaware shell); 170-acre agricultural site on North Cole Street, American Township",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "City of Lima water ordinance approved allowing 5 million gallons per day for the project",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-16",
        "note": "Google publicly named as the operator behind Project BOSC; PILOT finalized with Elida Local Schools; Ohio EPA air permit still pending",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-confirmed-as-company-behind-500m-data-center-in-lima-ohio/",
        "label": "Google confirmed as company behind $500m data center in Lima, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aedg.org/data-center-updates/google-to-build-data-center-in-lima-ohio-with-500-million-capital-investment/",
        "label": "Google to Build Data Center in Lima, Ohio with $500 Million Capital Investment",
        "publisher": "Allen Economic Development Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.allencountydatacenter.com/",
        "label": "Allen County Data Center - Project Overview",
        "publisher": "Google / Allen County Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.limaohio.com/top-stories/2026/03/16/google-officially-behind-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Google officially behind data center project",
        "publisher": "The Lima News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Google's third Ohio data center (after New Albany and Lancaster). $500M confirmed capital investment. Codename Project BOSC; pre-announcement land/permit work via Bistrozzi LLC (Delaware shell). Coordinates are the Lima city centroid; the confirmed site is in American Township ~2 mi north of Lima (North Cole Street between Beery and Irvin Roads), ~170 acres. Capacity MW not disclosed. Google's project page states construction anticipated to begin late 2026; ~50 permanent jobs projected per DCD and 'hundreds' of construction jobs - projections, so omitted from jobs. Ohio EPA air-permit application (pending March 2026) covers 115 emergency diesel generators; 36 cooling towers specified. $50M of the investment is earmarked for local road infrastructure, $13.6M for water infrastructure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "Grid power via a planned on-site AEP substation. Ohio EPA air-permit application (pending as of March 2026) covers 115 diesel emergency generators and related fuel storage."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "36 cooling towers per the Ohio EPA permit application; described by Google as water-cooled. City of Lima granted 5 million gallons/day (Sept 2025)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "15-year PILOT tax abatement - Elida Local Schools offset ($250,000/yr for 15 years; total value undisclosed)"
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 170,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Broad government/business support; opposing comments during the Ohio EPA air-permit comment period focused on transparency about the Bistrozzi LLC shell; resident construction-traffic concerns reported May 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-botetourt-greenfield-va",
    "name": "Google Botetourt Center at Greenfield Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.42,
      "lon": -79.89,
      "city": "Daleville",
      "county": "Botetourt",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Zoning ordinance amendment approved November 26, 2024; Google purchased ~312 acres in June 2025; grading permit applications received February 2026, with first building targeted for occupancy in 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/1021/Google-Data-Center",
        "label": "Google Data Center — Botetourt County, VA (county project page)",
        "publisher": "Botetourt County, Virginia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsls.com/news/local/2026/07/24/google-data-center-cooling-update/",
        "label": "Google announces air-cooling for first Botetourt data center building, raising questions over new water use numbers",
        "publisher": "WSLS 10",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wset.com/news/local/google-announced-plans-to-develop-data-center-campus-in-botetourt-county-virginia-march-2026",
        "label": "Google announced plans to develop data center campus in Botetourt County",
        "publisher": "WSET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Google purchased approximately 312 acres for $14,055,406 in June 2025 and committed a further $4 million in grants to county initiatives over five years — a land-and-grant figure, not a disclosed facility capex, so investmentUsd is intentionally omitted. Three data center buildings are planned in the Botetourt Center at Greenfield, the only site in the county zoned for data centers. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Greenfield industrial park near Daleville, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "reportedMgd": 2,
      "notes": "Google announced in July 2026 that the first of three planned buildings will use air cooling. Its water service agreement with the Western Virginia Water Authority 'currently provides for an initial 2 million gallons per day'; the authority also explored a larger pipe capable of up to 8 MGD in future."
    },
    "landAcres": 312,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-cedar-rapids-ia",
    "name": "Google Cedar Rapids Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.936,
      "lon": -91.723,
      "city": "Cedar Rapids",
      "county": "Linn",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "Google identified via Iowa Economic Development Authority documents as developer behind Heaviside LLC at Big Cedar Industrial Center; initial project value $576M",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Construction targeted Q2 2024; five buildings planned; first building targeted operational 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-pledges-7bn-to-expand-iowa-data-center-footprint/",
        "label": "Google pledges $7bn to expand Iowa data center footprint",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2025/06/060425-googlebigcedarannouncement",
        "label": "Google Announces Data Center Project at Big Cedar Industrial Center — Alliant Energy",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/feed/new-7-billion-investment-iowa/",
        "label": "Google announces new $7 billion investment in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/business/google-announces-7b-investment-in-iowa-to-expand-cloud-ai-infrastructure/article_41e8da2d-0034-5691-81a4-83ae2081f1aa.html",
        "label": "Google announces $7B investment in Iowa; $576M Cedar Rapids data center",
        "publisher": "The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyiowan.com/2025/12/09/cedar-rapids-data-centers-ignite-concern-from-energy-advocates-excitement-from-officials/",
        "label": "Cedar Rapids data centers ignite concern from energy advocates",
        "publisher": "The Daily Iowan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://revenue.iowa.gov/taxes/tax-guidance/sales-use-excise-tax/data-centers",
        "label": "Data Center Sales and Use Tax Incentives",
        "publisher": "Iowa Department of Revenue",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate for Big Cedar Industrial Center at 76th Ave SW and Edgewood Rd SW in SW Cedar Rapids. Cedar Rapids campus investment ~$576M; part of Google's $7B+ total Iowa commitment announced May/June 2025. Adjacent to QTS campus in same 1,391-acre industrial park. Also exploring a second Linn County campus near Duane Arnold nuclear plant in Palo.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy",
      "notes": "Big Cedar Industrial Center served by Alliant Energy; Google targets carbon-free electricity matching"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Traditional evaporative (water-based) cooling (Daily Iowan, Dec 2025: \"the Google center is using the traditional water cooling method\"). Estimated use \"just over 4 million gallons of water a day\" — a pre-operational estimate, not a metered figure. For comparison, Google's Council Bluffs campus averaged ~3.9 MGD."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Cedar Rapids 20-year, 70% property-tax abatement (IEDA-approved) — ~$56M total over the term; contingent on a 31-job employment threshold",
        "jurisdiction": "Cedar Rapids, IA",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "Iowa data-center sales/use-tax exemption (Iowa Code §423.3(92)–(95)) — 10-year electricity exemption under H.F. 976 for cities >30,000 pop.; site's $576M investment exceeds the $200M threshold",
        "jurisdiction": "Iowa",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      },
      {
        "program": "Cedar Rapids development-agreement 75% franchise-fee rebate on electrical service, per data center, for 20 years",
        "jurisdiction": "Cedar Rapids, IA",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 576000000,
    "landAcres": 1391,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "City Council approved the project in Jan 2025; Mayor Tiffany O'Donnell called it \"a once-in-a-generation opportunity that changes the game for our city.\" Energy advocates raised water, grid, and emissions concerns (Daily Iowan, Dec 2025); no organized opposition or litigation found. Jobs (est.): \"more than 1,200 construction workers\" and \"about 100 operational employees,\" with an IEDA minimum of 31 jobs at ≥$31.44/hr — estimates/contractual floors, facility still under construction. Separate community-betterment obligation reportedly requires Google to pay $400K/yr per data center for 15 years to a city-managed fund.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-columbia-county-ga",
    "name": "Google Evans Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5313102,
      "lon": -82.2563979,
      "city": "Evans",
      "county": "Columbia",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — US locations",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/georgia/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Georgia",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Announced by Google in 2026 as a planned new Georgia data center. Google names only the county; the coordinate is the Columbia County centroid (approximate) and no city has been disclosed. No capacity or investment figure published.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-council-bluffs-ia",
    "name": "Google Council Bluffs Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.167368,
      "lon": -95.792975,
      "city": "Council Bluffs",
      "county": "Pottawattamie",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "MidAmerican Energy Wind VIII program (up to 407 MW wind, REC-tracked)",
    "announcedDate": "2007",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2007",
        "note": "Operational since 2007 per Google's own Iowa location page; multi-building campus, actively expanding.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/iowa/",
        "label": "Google Iowa — official location page: Council Bluffs operational since 2007, multi-building campus",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.einpresswire.com/article/203308813/google-inc-partners-with-midamerican-energy-to-purchase-407-mw-wind",
        "label": "Google Inc partners with MidAmerican Energy to purchase 407 MW wind",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.environmentenergyleader.com/stories/googles-iowa-data-center-buys-407-mw-of-recs,28158",
        "label": "Google's Iowa Data Center Buys 407 MW of RECs",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/hyperscalers/iowa-officials-approve-tax-breaks-for-google-data-center-expansion",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge — Iowa officials approve tax breaks for Google data center expansion",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2025/08/26/data-centers-consume-massive-amounts-of-water-companies-rarely-tell-the-public-exactly-how-much/",
        "label": "Data centers consume massive amounts of water - companies rarely tell the public exactly how much",
        "publisher": "The Current",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Google's flagship Iowa data center in Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County — operational since 2007, heavily expanded across multiple buildings (the Southlands campus on Bunge Ave among them). Distinct from Google's tracked Cedar Rapids campus and from the separate proposed Google/Tenaska Nebraska project. Per Google's own location page, Google has invested $20B+ across Iowa since 2007 (Council Bluffs + Cedar Rapids combined — not a site-specific figure). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of a disclosed campus address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy",
      "notes": "Google signed a contract with MidAmerican Energy for up to 407 MW of wind energy (tracked via RECs from MidAmerican's Wind VIII program) specifically to supply the Council Bluffs data center campus, one of Google's largest renewable commitments at the time."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 2.74,
      "notes": "Google's per-site disclosure for 2024 shows the Council Bluffs data center consumed 1 billion gallons of water that year - the most of any Google data center - which averages about 2.74 MGD. Reported by The Current (26 Aug 2025) from Google's environmental-report site-level figures. This is reported CONSUMPTION, not withdrawal; withdrawal is higher. By contrast Google's air-cooled sites disclose far less: Pflugerville, TX at 10,000 gallons and Storey County, NV at 1.5 million gallons for the same year, which is consistent with Council Bluffs being water-cooled."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Iowa Economic Development Authority sales & use-tax refund (data center expansion project)",
        "amountUsd": 19800000,
        "jurisdiction": "State of Iowa",
        "year": "2015",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2500000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-douglas-county-ga",
    "name": "Google Douglasville Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7514966,
      "lon": -84.7477136,
      "city": "Douglasville",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — US locations",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/georgia/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Georgia",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Google's first data center campus, and its longest-running. Google began its Douglas County presence in 2003 and opened the data center in 2007; a further $300 million expansion was announced in 2015. Google began using recycled industrial water for cooling here in 2012. Coordinates are the Douglasville city centroid (approximate) — Google does not publish a campus address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-eagle-mountain-ut",
    "name": "Google Eagle Mountain Site",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.30935,
      "lon": -112.01198,
      "city": "Eagle Mountain",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/50255468/google-buys-land-for-potential-data-center-in-eagle-mountain-promises-to-spend-12-billion",
        "label": "Google buys land for potential data center in Eagle Mountain, promises to spend $1.2 billion",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/business/ai-utah-data-center-boom-fossil-fuels-gas/",
        "label": "To power Utah's data center boom, companies are turning to fossil fuels",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thecooldown.com/green-business/eagle-mountain-property-tax-hike-referendum/",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain property tax hike triggers referendum — incentive recipients named (Meta, QTS)",
        "publisher": "The Cool Down",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Every Eagle Mountain Community Reinvestment Area with a data-center purpose (Sweetwater #2, #3, #4, and Triple Tail) has a named beneficiary and none is Google — Sweetwater #2/#3 are QTS's, Sweetwater #4 is Meta's, and Triple Tail is Tract's — and a same-week rewrite of the SLTrib incentives story names only Meta and QTS as recipients of Eagle Mountain's data-center tax breaks, not Google. Google's October 2021 land purchase also predates by roughly 2.5 years the only geographically plausible project area (Triple Tail, whose drafting the Agency did not authorize until April 2024). Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Grist reports Google's Eagle Mountain project is 'delayed due to energy constraints' and that the company is waiting to build. No interconnection or generation detail was found in the sources read."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 300,
    "community": {
      "notes": "Eagle Mountain Mayor Tom Westmoreland called the land purchase 'a testament to the strength of our workforce and economy.' Utah County Commissioner Bill Lee said negotiations produced a written commitment from Google. No opposition surfaced in the sources read."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-fort-wayne-in",
    "name": "Google Fort Wayne Data Center (Project Zodiac)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.99,
      "lon": -85.056,
      "city": "Fort Wayne",
      "county": "Allen",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Indiana Michigan Power); 188 MW solar PPA (Honeysuckle Solar)",
    "announcedDate": "2024-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-04",
        "note": "Governor Holcomb and Google announce $2B campus (Project Zodiac) in northeast Indiana; announcement and groundbreaking both April 26, 2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-04",
        "note": "Groundbreaking April 26, 2024 near East Tillman Road and Adams Center Road, Fort Wayne",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Google announces Fort Wayne data center is operational December 11, 2025; first phase live",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://events.in.gov/event/gov-holcomb-announces-google-is-building-a-2b-data-center-in-northeast-indiana",
        "label": "Gov. Holcomb announces Google is building a $2B Data Center in Northeast Indiana",
        "publisher": "State of Indiana",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-announces-2bn-campus-in-fort-wayne-indiana/",
        "label": "Google announces $2bn data center campus in Fort Wayne, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wane.com/top-stories/2-billion-google-data-center-now-operational-in-fort-wayne-outlines-its-plans-for-the-community/",
        "label": "$2 billion Google data center now operational in Fort Wayne",
        "publisher": "WANE 15",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Site near East Tillman Road and Adams Center Road, SE Fort Wayne (Allen County). 700+ acres, multi-building campus explicitly optimized for Gemini AI platform and machine learning. Google STAR workforce program launched with Ivy Tech Community College. Coordinates are approximate site area; exact parcel centroid not verified from public permit records. Previous inkfreenews.com source replaced with WANE 15 which confirmed the same Dec 11 2025 operational story.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Indiana Michigan Power (I&M)",
      "notes": "188 MW Honeysuckle Solar PPA; demand-response program with I&M to balance AI compute loads with local grid availability; goal of 24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "35-year sales tax exemption (IEDC), extendable to 50 years",
        "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 700,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Phase 2 expansion: IDEM approved fill of ~2.5 acres of regulated wetlands for five additional buildings; over 100 residents testified in opposition citing flood control and water quality concerns. Google committed $1.2M to ACRES Land Trust for 22-acre wetland conservation.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-haskell-county-tx",
    "name": "Google Haskell County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1576,
      "lon": -99.7337,
      "city": "Haskell",
      "county": "Haskell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "solar",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11-14",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-14",
        "note": "Google and Governor Abbott jointly announced a $40B Texas AI-infrastructure investment including two data center buildings at the Haskell County campus",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Ground broken; Google began engaging subcontractors for active construction",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/11/14/texas-google-data-centers-ai/",
        "label": "Google data centers totaling $40 billion coming to Texas",
        "publisher": "Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-google-announce-40-billion-investment-in-texas",
        "label": "Governor Abbott, Google Announce $40 Billion Investment In Texas",
        "publisher": "Office of the Texas Governor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/haskell-county/",
        "label": "Google's investment in Haskell and West Central Texas",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.intersect.com/portfolio/quantum",
        "label": "Quantum Clean Energy Project - Haskell County TX",
        "publisher": "Intersect Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/its-jarring-googles-40-billion-data-center-investment-to-transform-texas-town",
        "label": "Google's $40 billion data center investment to transform Texas town",
        "publisher": "KTXS ABC Abilene",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newschannel6now.com/2025/11/26/data-centers-bring-major-investment-growth-potential-haskell-county/",
        "label": "Data centers bring major investment, growth potential to Haskell County",
        "publisher": "KAUZ News Channel 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Two data center buildings at one Haskell County site; treated as a single campus record. Announced Nov 14 2025 as part of Google's $40B Texas investment through 2027 (which also covers Armstrong County and a Wilbarger County/Vernon site); no Haskell-specific investment figure disclosed, so investmentUsd is omitted (the $40B is a Texas-wide aggregate). Data-center IT capacity in MW not publicly disclosed. One building is co-located with the Quantum Clean Energy Project (Intersect Power, acquired by Google March 2026): 640 MW solar PV + 1.3 GWh battery storage, scheduled operational June 2026 - this is energy-project capacity, NOT data-center IT load. Job figures cited in press (1,200 construction / up to 11 permanent) come from the co-located Intersect energy project, not the data center, so they are noted here rather than in jobs. Coordinates are the Haskell city centroid (no parcel-level GPS found).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Dedicated supply is the co-located Quantum Clean Energy Project (Intersect Power / Google subsidiary): 640 MW solar PV + 1.3 GWh BESS, operational target June 2026. Haskell County selected partly for wind and solar availability."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Stamford Mayor James Decker called the buildout 'jarring' and voiced concern about the town being chewed up by the data-center boom; Haskell Mayor Christina Isbell anticipates long-term economic benefit for the ~3,000-resident town. County tax base expected to more than double. Google committed to fund training for 1,700+ TX electrical apprentices by 2030.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-henderson-nv",
    "name": "Google Henderson Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.056187,
      "lon": -115.042545,
      "city": "Henderson",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "NV Energy solar + storage deal (~350 MW solar PV, 250-280 MW battery storage) tied to Google's Henderson campus; supplementary Fervo Energy geothermal",
    "announcedDate": "2019",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Groundbreaking July 2019, online 2020; $600M, ~64 acres on W Warm Springs Rd. Confirmed by Google's own location page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/henderson-nevada/",
        "label": "Google Henderson, Nevada — official location page (built 2019)",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2019/jul/01/officials-600m-google-facility-boosts-hendersons-p/",
        "label": "Officials: $600M Google facility boosts Henderson's presence — 64 acres on W Warm Springs Rd, July 2019 groundbreaking, online 2020",
        "publisher": "Las Vegas Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/google-nv-energy-renewable-deal-one-of-the-largest-includes-rare-storage/570131/",
        "label": "Google, NV Energy renewable megadeal includes rare storage component",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/googles-nevada-data-center-be-powered-billion-dollar-solar-farm/",
        "label": "Google's Nevada data center to be powered by billion-dollar solar farm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Google data center on West Warm Springs Rd (east of Boulder Highway), Henderson, Clark County — two parcels totaling ~64 acres, groundbreaking July 1 2019, a $600M project ($25.2M in state tax incentives), online 2020. Confirmed by Google's own Henderson location page. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Warm Springs Rd location; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Google and NV Energy struck what was described as the world's largest battery-backed solar deal for a corporate customer at the time, comprising roughly 350 MW of solar PV and 250-280 MW of battery storage, explicitly to power the $600M Henderson data center."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development tax abatement (Design LLC — Google's project shell entity)",
        "amountUsd": 25200000,
        "jurisdiction": "State of Nevada",
        "year": "2019",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "landAcres": 64,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-hermantown-mn",
    "name": "Google Hermantown Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.8068852,
      "lon": -92.2382464,
      "city": "Hermantown",
      "county": "St. Louis",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — US locations",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kaxe.org/local-news/2026-03-03/google-proposed-data-center-hermantown-minnesota-power",
        "label": "Google is behind proposed Hermantown data center",
        "publisher": "KAXE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox21online.com/news/local/minnesota-power-presents-details-on-proposed-data-center-deal/article_92618e5c-5e51-456f-b7d4-dfd7d99434e4.html",
        "label": "Minnesota Power presents details on proposed data center deal",
        "publisher": "Fox21online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/local/hermantown-begins-new-downsized-site-review-for-data-center",
        "label": "Hermantown begins new downsized site review for data center",
        "publisher": "Duluth News Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kaxe.org/local-news/2026-05-20/more-details-emerge-as-google-hermantown-work-out-data-center-agreements",
        "label": "KAXE — More details emerge as Google, Hermantown work out data center agreements (2026-05-20): waterless/air-cooled design, max 50,000 gal/day, AUAR status, public objections",
        "publisher": "KAXE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mn.gov/puc/activities/v-l-e-c/data-centers/",
        "label": "Minnesota PUC — Data centers and the PUC's role: Minnesota Power / Harmony Group, LLC electric service agreement for Hermantown, docket 26-159, filed 2026-03-26",
        "publisher": "Minnesota Public Utilities Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Listed by Google among its US data centers under development. Google has not published a dedicated location page, capacity, investment figure, or timeline for this site — it appears only on Google's US locations index, so this record is intentionally thin. Coordinates are the Hermantown city centroid (approximate).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Minnesota Power",
      "notes": "Google-Minnesota Power electric service agreement calls for 700MW of new clean energy resources (300MW wind + 400MW battery storage) to serve the campus; Google also committed $5M to Minnesota Power's energy-affordability and efficiency programs for low/moderate-income customers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "reportedMgd": 0.05,
      "notes": "KAXE reports a waterless/air-cooled system with a maximum of 50,000 gallons daily, used for worker sanitation and emergency fire suppression rather than cooling (50,000 gal/day = 0.05 MGD). A permitted maximum, not a measured draw."
    },
    "landAcres": 278,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The City Council tabled the tax abatement and land development agreements in May 2026 with no timeline to reconsider, pending completion of a revised Alternative Urban Areawide Review; residents questioned the abatement publicly (\"What tax-based projections would allow a tax abatement of $4 million a year for a single company?\"). The city submitted its updated AUAR to the Environmental Quality Board in August 2026 and a final council vote on adoption had not occurred as of mid-September 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-jackson-county-stevenson-al",
    "name": "Google Jackson County Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.8842,
      "lon": -85.755,
      "city": "Stevenson",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)",
    "announcedDate": "2015-06-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2015-06-24",
        "note": "Google announced a $600M data center at the former TVA Widows Creek coal-plant site in Jackson County"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2018-04",
        "note": "Groundbreaking on the original $600M campus; 360-acre site off County Road 96"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019-01",
        "note": "Original campus operational with two buildings (~135,000 sq ft each)"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-15",
        "note": "$1.5B expansion announced; construction planned for 2026-2027; 1,000+ contract workers expected"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/infrastructure-and-cloud/global-network/alabama-investment-june-2026/",
        "label": "Google Blog: Alabama Investment - Jackson County Campus Expansion (June 2026)",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-spend-15bn-expanding-its-data-center-campus-in-jackson-county-alabama/",
        "label": "Google to spend $1.5bn expanding Jackson County campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alreporter.com/2026/06/16/google-plans-1-5-billion-jackson-county-data-center-expansion/",
        "label": "Google plans $1.5B Jackson County data center expansion",
        "publisher": "Alabama Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://9to5google.com/2026/06/15/google-announces-one-point-five-billion-dollar-data-center-expansion/",
        "label": "Google announces $1.5B Alabama data center expansion",
        "publisher": "9to5Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_Creek_Fossil_Plant",
        "label": "Widows Creek Fossil Plant - coordinates and site history",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://yellowhammernews.com/googles-jackson-county-expansion-shows-how-data-centers-can-work-for-alabama/",
        "label": "Google's Jackson County expansion shows how data centers can work for Alabama",
        "publisher": "Yellowhammer News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Campus operational since 2019 at the former TVA Widows Creek coal-plant site (~4.8 mi east of Stevenson). Recorded status is 'operational' (the campus is built and running); a $1.5B expansion announced June 15 2026 is under construction for 2026-2027 (captured in statusHistory). CAPACITY OMITTED: the widely cited 300 MW is Google's contracted new generation across the Tennessee Valley REGION, not a campus-specific figure. TVA partnership also includes a 2025 Kairos Power agreement for up to 50 MW of advanced nuclear for Google's AL/TN data centers (~2035). Construction workforce of 1,000+ is a projection (in notes, not jobs). Baxtel labels this 'Google Bridgeport'; TVA/Wikipedia/postal (35772) place Widows Creek near Stevenson - Stevenson used. 360-acre site; coordinates from the Widows Creek plant.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "North Alabama Electric Co-op",
      "notes": "Powered by TVA (federal utility). Google covers 100% of its power and infrastructure costs. Kairos Power advanced-nuclear partnership (up to 50 MW for the AL/TN region) expected ~2035."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Site sits on Guntersville Reservoir (Tennessee River), which historically cooled the coal plant; data-center cooling type not publicly confirmed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 360,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "$2M Energy Impact Fund (with TVA/CAANEAL) for weatherization; $550,000 STEM-kit donation to Jackson County schools; Google reports training 130,000+ Alabamians in digital skills; watershed stewardship in the Paint Rock River watershed."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-lagrange-ga",
    "name": "Google LaGrange Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.039291,
      "lon": -85.0313269,
      "city": "LaGrange",
      "county": "Troup",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — US locations",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/georgia/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Georgia",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Announced by Google in 2026 as a planned new Georgia data center. No capacity, investment figure, or construction timeline has been published. Coordinates are the LaGrange city centroid (approximate).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-lancaster-oh",
    "name": "Google Lancaster Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.72057,
      "lon": -82.68839,
      "city": "Lancaster",
      "county": "Fairfield",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-08",
        "note": "120 acres at 105 Whiley Rd purchased for ~$4M as part of a larger 618-acre Columbus+Lancaster land bank.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-05",
        "note": "Groundbreaking May 4, 2023, announced alongside a separate Columbus, OH site as part of Google's \"two new data centers in central Ohio.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "First building completed and operational in 2024; additional buildings still under construction as of mid-2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/ohio/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Ohio",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-plans-1bn-new-albany-data-center-expansion-acquires-618-acres-for-more-data-centers/",
        "label": "Google plans $1bn New Albany data center expansion, acquires 618 acres for more data centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-plans-2-new-data-centers-ohio-columbus-lancaster/649470/",
        "label": "Google plans 2 new data centers in Ohio: Columbus, Lancaster",
        "publisher": "Construction Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/google-constructing-2-new-data-centers-in-ohio/",
        "label": "Google constructing 2 new data centers in Ohio",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.co.fairfield.oh.us/arcgis/rest/services/Fairfield_Data/MapServer/22/query?where=PIN%3D%270571000200%27&outFields=PIN,PARID,OWN1,OWN2,PADDR1,ADRNO,ADRSTR,ACRES,LEGAL1&outSR=4326&returnGeometry=true&f=json",
        "label": "Fairfield County parcel/GIS record (parcel 0571000200)",
        "publisher": "Fairfield County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/columbus/google-announced-two-new-data-centers-in-central-ohio-columbus-and-lancaster/",
        "label": "NBC4 WCMH — Google announces two new data centers in central Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "105 Whiley Rd, Lancaster — distinct from Google's New Albany and Lima \"Project BOSC\" Ohio facilities. No site-specific investment figure is disclosed; Google has only published cumulative bundled totals across its New Albany+Lancaster+Columbus Ohio campuses ($1.7B Aug 2023, +$2.3B June 2024, ~$4.4B+ cumulative since 2019). No IT-load MW figure publicly disclosed. One 2024 article notes future buildings will \"support Google's artificial intelligence innovation,\" but this is generic AI-as-one-of-many-workloads boilerplate rather than facility-specific AI/HPC/GPU marketing — no aiClassification set. Coordinates are an approximate geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "South Central Power Company"
    },
    "landAcres": 120,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-lenoir-nc",
    "name": "Google Lenoir Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.900163,
      "lon": -81.546892,
      "city": "Lenoir",
      "county": "Caldwell",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Duke Energy Green Source Rider PPA — 61 MW Rutherford County solar farm (Rutherford Farms, LLC), built specifically to meet Lenoir data center demand",
    "announcedDate": "2007",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2008",
        "note": "Operational since 2008 (announced 2007); ~$1.2B initial investment per Google's own location page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/lenoir-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Google Lenoir, North Carolina — official location page: announced 2007, opened 2008, ~$1.2B initial / $4B+ cumulative",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-google-team-up-on-solar-power-project-in-n-c",
        "label": "Duke Energy, Google team up on solar power project in N.C.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energytrend.com/news/20151125-9808.html",
        "label": "Google Partners with Duke Energy to Power Data Center by a 61MW PV Plant",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Google's flagship North Carolina data center in Lenoir, Caldwell County — announced 2007, operational since 2008, one of Google's earliest U.S. sites, expanded since. Per Google's own location page, the initial investment was ~$1.2B, with $4B+ invested in the region and state since. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Lynhaven Dr address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Carolinas",
      "notes": "Google was the first customer of Duke Energy's Green Source Rider program (which Google helped push Duke to create), signing a PPA for a dedicated 61 MW solar farm in Rutherford County, NC built by Rutherford Farms LLC explicitly to meet new energy demand from Google's expanded Lenoir data center."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-lincoln-ne",
    "name": "Google Lincoln Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.81,
      "lon": -96.675,
      "city": "Lincoln",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/nebraska/",
        "label": "Nebraska, USA -- Google Data Center Location",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.klkntv.com/google-shares-update-on-lincoln-data-center/",
        "label": "Google shares update on Lincoln data center",
        "publisher": "KLKN-TV (Lincoln)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2026/06/04/construction-begins-10-million-wastewater-line-transport-cooling-water-lincoln-data-center-recovery-site/",
        "label": "Construction begins on $10 million wastewater line to transport cooling water from Lincoln data center to recovery site",
        "publisher": "1011 NOW (KOLN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Google's FOURTH Nebraska site by official count and genuinely distinct from both Papillion (Sarpy Co.) and Omaha (Douglas Co.) -- also DISTINCT from the separate proposed Google/Tenaska gas-plant mega-campus already tracked as google-nebraska-ai-campus-proposed (that one is a ~4-county, still-undeveloped 1,000-3,000MW proposal; this one is Google's confirmed, currently-building third/fourth site in north Lincoln). Google's own Nebraska locations page (fetched) confirms Lincoln as a distinct site, 'development announced in 2023', part of a $1.2B investment announced that year across all three then-existing NE locations. A local TV station (KLKN, fetched) confirms the site is 'currently operational with ongoing construction phases' with roughly 200 on-site personnel, and that Google has committed to work with the city on water infrastructure; the city says it is not currently approving additional data centers beyond this one. IMPORTANT CAVEAT: widely-repeated secondary figures for this project (codename 'Agate', ~580 acres, ~$600M, sited northwest of N. 56th St & I-80) come from outlets that 403'd or paywalled on direct fetch this session (Lincoln Journal Star/tollbit, Nebraska Examiner) -- those specific numbers are NOT independently verified here and are omitted from the structured fields (capacityMw/investmentUsd/landAcres) rather than risk propagating an unverified figure; coordinates are Lincoln-city-center-level only. Recommend a follow-up pass to re-fetch a non-paywalled primary source for the acreage/investment/MW specifics. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked Google's own data center locations page (2026-09-10); it describes community partnerships/workforce programs in generic marketing terms but documents no specific public hearing, resident testimony, or independently-reported local reaction.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Google is funding a $10 million, roughly three-mile dedicated line carrying non-contact cooling water from the data center's cooling system at 56th Street and Interstate 80 to Lincoln's Northeast Water Resource Recovery Facility at North 70th and McCormick Drive. The line is sized for 2,040 gallons per minute at peak — about 2.9 million gallons per day — and the water is dechlorinated and discharged to Salt Creek, bypassing standard wastewater treatment. Construction began June 2026 with completion expected January 2027. This is the discharge line's peak design capacity, NOT measured or reported facility water use; do not publish it as consumption. coolingType is left unset: 'non-contact cooling water' does not map cleanly onto the enum's evaporative/closed_loop/air distinction."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-loch-midlothian-va",
    "name": "Google Project Loch",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.454,
      "lon": -77.71,
      "city": "Midlothian",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06-06",
        "note": "Chesterfield Board of Supervisors approved rezoning of ~350 acres at 750 Watkins Centre Pkwy (Watkins Centre South) for data-center use; 30-year fixed tax agreement approved"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-28",
        "note": "Google publicly confirmed as operator of Project Loch (alongside Projects Peanut and Skye); Google stated Loch and Skye are not in near-term development plans"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-14",
        "note": "Army Corps of Engineers (Norfolk District) permit application filed for impacts to ~5 acres of wetlands and 2,828 ft of stream channels near Tomahawk Creek"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-27",
        "note": "Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors has approved the local rezoning for Project Loch (Watkins Centre South site); Supervisor Jessica Schneider is quoted confirming she voted to approve Loch. US Army Corps of Engineers Clean Water Act and Virginia Marine Resources Commission permits for wetlands impact remain pending as of 2026-06-22/06-26.",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-files-for-data-center-campus-outside-richmond-virginia/",
        "label": "Google files for data center campus outside Richmond, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2025/08/28/chesterfield-scores-a-google-trifecta-tech-giant-reveals-ties-to-3-massive-sites-across-the-county/",
        "label": "Chesterfield scores a Google trifecta: ties to 3 sites across the county",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chesterfield.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/6383",
        "label": "In Google, Chesterfield landed the Rolls-Royce of data center operators",
        "publisher": "Chesterfield County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.grpva.com/news/chesterfield-county-approves-two-data-center-developments/",
        "label": "Chesterfield County approves two data center developments",
        "publisher": "Greater Richmond Partnership",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2025/05/29/chesterfield-eda-secures-zoning-approval-for-two-data-center-projects/",
        "label": "Chesterfield EDA secures zoning approval for two data center projects",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-06-22/google-data-centers-chesterfield-peanut-skye-loch-schneider-timmons",
        "label": "Google's $9B bet on a trio of Chesterfield data center campuses",
        "publisher": "VPM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Codename Project Loch; land acquired via shell entity Aeris Investments LLC (~$29M for ~340 acres). Site: 750 Watkins Centre Pkwy (Watkins Centre South), west of Rt 288 and south of Rt 60, near Westchester Commons. Three data-center buildings planned, each with a dedicated on-site substation. Google stated in Aug 2025 it has no near-term plans to develop Loch. Capacity MW not disclosed. Virginia law bars per-company subsidy value disclosure, so the 30-year fixed tax agreement is recorded as a program label with no dollar value. Coordinates are an approximate site centroid (address-derived, not GPS-verified).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Three on-site substations planned. Dominion Energy (sole regional utility) has filed with the VA SCC to build 230-kV lines to a new Duval Substation (~$121M) to serve western Chesterfield data-center load. Dominion is inferred (service territory), not confirmed in a Loch-specific filing."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Site adjacent to Tomahawk Creek (Chesapeake Bay watershed). Army Corps permit (May 2026) covers ~5 acres of wetlands and 2,828 ft of stream channels; proposed mitigation ~11 acres of replacement wetlands + 34.2 acres preserved."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "30-year fixed property-tax-rate agreement (Chesterfield County; dollar value undisclosed under VA law)",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 340,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Rezoning filed by the Chesterfield EDA for a confidential project; Board of Supervisors approved June 6 2025; county called Google the 'Rolls-Royce of data center operators.' No organized opposition documented."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-meitner-pampa-tx",
    "name": "Google Meitner Energy Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.5365,
      "lon": -100.9609,
      "city": "Pampa",
      "county": "Gray",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Co-located on-site generation (Intersect Power)",
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Google and Intersect Power announced a new data center built alongside new co-located energy generation in Gray and Roberts Counties, TX",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.intersect.com/news/google-and-intersect-deepen-texas-roots-with-new-data-center-and-energy-investments-in-gray-and-roberts-counties",
        "label": "Google and Intersect deepen Texas roots with new data center and energy investments in Gray and Roberts Counties",
        "publisher": "Intersect Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/google-launches-1-gw-plus-co-located-data-center-and-generation-complex-in-texas-panhandle/",
        "label": "Google launches 1 GW+ co-located data center and generation complex in Texas Panhandle",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2026/01/17/pampas-3-billion-ai-data-center-signals-new-era-growth-gray-county/",
        "label": "Pampa's $3 billion AI data center signals new era of growth in Gray County",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 10",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/intersect-powers-1-billion-project-ignites-ogallala-aquifer-protection-talks-meinter-intersect-power-project-pampa-chris-porter-mitchell-locke-highway-152-panhandle-groundwater-conservation-district-terry-hall-levi-berry-gray-county-roberts-county-texas",
        "label": "Intersect Power's project ignites Ogallala Aquifer protection talks in Gray County",
        "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "Data center co-located with new energy generation, spanning Gray and Roberts counties near Pampa. Part of Google's ~$40B Texas commitment; Google took a stake in Intersect Power. IT capacity not disclosed. Coordinates are the Pampa area centroid. Local reporting cites a ~$3B project cost (est. ~$1B/phase across 3 phases per the abatement filing) - an estimate -> investmentUsd omitted. ~40 permanent jobs projected across phases (abatement filing); facility not yet operational -> jobs honest-zero.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Built directly alongside new co-located Intersect Power generation - >1 GW of wind, solar, and battery storage with on-site gas-fired firming (component MW undisclosed). The data center is largely off-grid, powered by the co-located generation (mayor: 'on the electricity side, it's all off-grid')."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Air-cooling used in place of evaporative cooling to eliminate cooling-tower water withdrawals - a required condition of the Gray County Chapter 312 tax abatement. Ogallala Aquifer protection was the central abatement concern."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Gray County Chapter 312 property-tax abatement - air-cooling (no water) required as a condition; reported ~100% relief for 10 years per phase across up to 3 phases (per New Project Media / local reporting)",
        "jurisdiction": "Gray County, TX",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Gray County abatement approved on a split 3-1 commissioners' vote (per local reporting); documented public opposition over Ogallala Aquifer groundwater from area agricultural producers, alongside chamber, mayor, and county-judge support.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-michigan-city-in",
    "name": "Google Michigan City Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7075394,
      "lon": -86.8950297,
      "city": "Michigan City",
      "county": "LaPorte",
      "street": "402 Royal Road",
      "postalCode": "46360",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-01",
        "note": "Google confirmed acquisition of the Project Maize site and construction is underway: work began in fall 2025 with completion expected at the beginning of 2027, and multiple unions are working on site. The tracked record still shows 'proposed'.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — US locations",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/indiana/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Indiana",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nwindianabusiness.com/industries/professional-services/information-technology/michigan-city-welcomes-google-as-data-center-owner/77568/",
        "label": "Michigan City welcomes Google as data center owner",
        "publisher": "Northwest Indiana Business Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/breaking-google-confirms-data-center-in-michigan-city-project-oyal-road-project-maize-underway-challenges-site-statement-michigan-city-laporte-county-indiana",
        "label": "Google data center construction underway in Michigan City",
        "publisher": "WSBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wndu.com/2026/04/16/google-confirms-acquisition-michigan-city-data-center-site/",
        "label": "Google confirms plans for data center in Michigan City",
        "publisher": "WNDU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://michigancityin.gov/major-projects/phoenix-investors-project-maize/",
        "label": "Phoenix Investors / Project Maize — City of Michigan City major projects",
        "publisher": "City of Michigan City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Announced by Google in 2026 as a planned Indiana data center, distinct from Google's operational Fort Wayne site and its Morgan County (Monrovia) development. No capacity or investment figure published. Coordinates are the Michigan City centroid (approximate).",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Google states the facility uses a closed-loop water system. City officials say existing water supply is adequate with no additional taxpayer cost."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Vacant building deduction tax abatement (Phoenix MC Invest LLC)",
        "jurisdiction": "Michigan City, Indiana",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      },
      {
        "program": "Real property improvement tax abatement (Phoenix MC Invest LLC)",
        "jurisdiction": "Michigan City, Indiana",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 832000000,
    "landAcres": 70,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 500,
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-moncks-corner-sc",
    "name": "Google Berkeley County Data Center (Moncks Corner)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.072101,
      "lon": -80.039105,
      "city": "Moncks Corner",
      "county": "Berkeley",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Sol Systems/Pine Gate Renewables 225 MW solar + 18 MW battery storage PPA for NC/SC, announced to support Google's regional operations",
    "announcedDate": "2007",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2007",
        "note": "Operational since 2007 per Google's own Berkeley County location page; one of Google's earliest U.S. data centers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/berkeley-county-south-carolina/",
        "label": "Google Berkeley County, South Carolina — official location page: 'one of our first data centers in the United States', operational since 2007",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-signs-225mw-solar-energy-deal-with-sol-systems-for-north-south-carolina/",
        "label": "Google signs 225MW solar energy deal with Sol Systems for North & South Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/business/2-new-solar-farms-are-being-built-in-orangeburg-county-1-will-fuel-google-data/article_5a858278-0c69-11ea-90d7-c75e0b9a8a91.html",
        "label": "2 new solar farms are being built in Orangeburg County; 1 will fuel Google data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2024-09/google-grows-south-carolina-footprint-new-dorchester-county-operations-expansion",
        "label": "S.C. Governor Henry McMaster — Google grows South Carolina footprint with new Dorchester County operations, expansion in Berkeley County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Google's flagship South Carolina data center in the Mount Holly / Moncks Corner area of Berkeley County — one of Google's first U.S. data centers, operational since 2007, expanded since. Google states $13B+ invested in South Carolina since 2007 (a statewide figure spanning Berkeley + the tracked Dorchester County sites, not site-specific). DISTINCT from the tracked Google Ridgeville (Project Dawson) and St. George (Winding Woods) campuses, which are in Dorchester County. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of a disclosed campus address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact. Re-checked 2026-09-10 via Google's own current data-center site: the Berkeley County/Moncks Corner facility is still described as one of Google's active South Carolina facilities, consistent with recorded status 'operational'. No new capacityMw, water/cooling, street address, landAcres, jobs, subsidies, or community data was found for this specific site despite targeted checks of Santee Cooper's newsroom, generation-projects, board-meetings, IRP, and economic-development pages; Berkeley County's own government site (403 Forbidden on every fetch); SC Governor's newsroom; SC Commerce newsroom; scbiz.com; and Google's own site (no per-site address/capacity breakdown -- Google groups all three SC facilities under one page). Santee Cooper's board-meetings page appears to render minutes/agendas via a JS document-management widget not retrievable through a static fetch, so its content could not be checked this run.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Santee Cooper (local grid); Berkeley Electric Cooperative also serves the area",
      "notes": "Google structured a PPA via Sol Systems for 225 MW of new solar (developed by Pine Gate Renewables) plus 18 MW of battery storage across North and South Carolina, explicitly framed as supporting Google's operations in the region and its 24/7 carbon-free energy goal."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1300000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-montgomery-county-tn",
    "name": "Google Montgomery County Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.5288,
      "lon": -87.3636,
      "city": "Clarksville",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "street": "1000 Boolean Drive",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2015",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2015",
        "note": "Governor Haslam and TNECD announce Google to locate new data center in Clarksville, December 22, 2015",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "Google CEO Sundar Pichai breaks ground on former Hemlock Semiconductor site on Boolean Dr, February 2018"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019",
        "note": "Google officially opens $600M Montgomery County data center; ribbon-cutting ceremony November 6, 2019",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tnecd.com/news/governor-haslam-commissioner-boyd-announce-google-to-locate-new-data-center-in-clarksville/",
        "label": "Governor Haslam Announces Google to Locate New Data Center in Clarksville",
        "publisher": "Tennessee Department of Economic & Community Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://clarksvillenow.com/local/google-officially-opens-clarksville-montgomery-county-data-center/",
        "label": "Google officially opens Clarksville-Montgomery County data center",
        "publisher": "ClarksvilleNow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/montgomery-county-tennessee/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers: Montgomery County, Tennessee (official)",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/708931343",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 708931343 — 'Google Montgomery Data Center', operator=Google LLC, addr 1000 Boolean Drive, Clarksville",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Address: 1000 Boolean Dr, Clarksville, TN 37040 (former Hemlock Semiconductor site). Coordinates are approximate for that site. Google reports $2.5B+ total Tennessee investment since 2018 but facility-level investment is $600M. 30% veteran workforce. Correction: Original announcement was December 2015 (not 2018); facility opened November 2019 (not 2022).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "TVA",
      "notes": "Power usage matched 100% with renewable energy through TVA deal"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "landAcres": 1300,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 70,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-muskogee-county-ok",
    "name": "Google Muskogee County Data Center Campuses",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.57,
      "lon": -95.65,
      "city": "Council Hill",
      "county": "Muskogee",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (OG&E)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Google announces two new data center campuses in Muskogee County near Summit and Council Hill as part of $9B Oklahoma investment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/technology/google-data-centers-muskogee-county-oklahoma",
        "label": "Google to build two data centers in Muskogee County",
        "publisher": "NewsOn6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://okbusinessvoice.com/2025/11/20/google-unveils-plans-for-two-new-data-center-campuses-in-muskogee-county/",
        "label": "Google unveils plans for two new data center campuses in Muskogee County",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Business Voice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.readfrontier.org/stories/as-data-centers-boom-in-oklahoma-so-does-water-demand/",
        "label": "As data centers boom in Oklahoma, so does water demand",
        "publisher": "The Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://muskogee.okcounties.org/media/view/springboard_data_data_center_project_plan_6-30-25_2969.pdf",
        "label": "Muskogee County 'Springboard' Data Center Project Plan (June 2025)",
        "publisher": "Board of County Commissioners of Muskogee County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktul.com/news/local/google-announces-2-data-center-campuses-in-muskogee-county-summit-council-hill-electricity-grid-energy-investment-ai-cloud-workspace-search-maps-port-stephens-infrastructure-workforce-agriculture",
        "label": "Google announces 2 data center campuses in Muskogee County",
        "publisher": "KTUL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.portmuskogee.com/google-announces-two-data-center-campuses-in-muskogee-county-oklahoma_news/",
        "label": "Google Announces Two Data Center Campuses in Muskogee County, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Port Muskogee",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Two separate campuses near Summit and Council Hill in Muskogee County. Combined into one record; site-by-site capacity and investment breakdown not publicly available. Coordinates corrected to approximate Council Hill location (35.57°N, 95.65°W); original coordinates (35.65, −95.37) fell near Muskogee city / Summit area rather than Council Hill. Summit campus is located near Muskogee city (~17 miles east). Exact parcels not disclosed. Part of Google's $9B Oklahoma investment announced August 2025.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "OG&E",
      "notes": "OGE announced partnership to power data centers in Muskogee (two campuses) and Stillwater. OGE filed Electric Service and Capacity Purchase Agreements with Oklahoma Corporation Commission. Google contributing $1M to local schools and workforce training."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Council Hill campus anticipates ~20,000 gal/day (~0.02 MGD, ~0.6% of Pryor's use) per Muskogee Rural Water District #3 vice-chair Howard Whatley — a forward estimate for a proposed facility (the low figure implies dry/air-based cooling, not confirmed). Summit campus water not disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Oklahoma Local Development Act (62 O.S. §§850-869) Incentive District — 100% ad valorem tax exemption on qualifying new property in exchange for annual PILOT payments ($1.35M/yr Phase 1, CPI-indexed), Community Investment Payments ($1.7M/yr), and a one-time $400K EMS payment; >=$1B investment and >=50 jobs at >=$75K per phase. Per the Muskogee County 'Springboard' Project Plan (June 2025), whose applicant is \"Acacia House Group LLC\" — \"a leading U.S.-based data center operator\"; Google is NOT explicitly named in the plan, though it is the only operator to have publicly announced Muskogee County campuses.",
        "jurisdiction": "Muskogee County, OK",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Google announced $1M for Muskogee-area school districts, small-business revitalization, and skilled-trades training (Nov 2025). The county's 'Springboard' incentive plan (applicant Acacia House Group LLC — see subsidies) adds $1.7M/yr community-investment payments and a $400K EMS payment. Statewide, Oklahoma water regulators have flagged data-center water strain.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-nebraska-ai-campus-proposed",
    "name": "Google Nebraska AI Campus (proposed)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.474,
      "lon": -96.371,
      "county": "Otoe",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Project leaked via documents from a Nebraska public power district meeting in January 2026; Flatwater Free Press and Grist reported in March 2026; Google and Tenaska declined comment; neither has officially confirmed",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/google-proposes-nebraska-data-center-requiring-more-power-than-all-of-lincoln/",
        "label": "Google proposes Nebraska data center requiring more power than all of Lincoln",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/accountability/google-data-center-carbon-capture-nebraska/",
        "label": "Google's data-center boom comes to Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/gage-county-planning-and-zoning-commission-approves-18-month-moratorium-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Gage County Planning and Zoning Commission recommends 18-month moratorium on data centers",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2026/05/20/otoe-county-commissioners-pass-moratorium-data-center-or-not/",
        "label": "Otoe County commissioners pass moratorium, data center or not",
        "publisher": "1011 Now (KOLN/KGIN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2026/03/13/google-proposes-nebraska-data-center-requiring-more-power-than-all-lincoln/",
        "label": "Google proposes Nebraska data center requiring more power than all of Lincoln",
        "publisher": "1011 NOW (KOLN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Exact site is unknown and undisclosed. Tenaska has optioned over 2,600 acres across Gage, Lancaster, Otoe, and Cass Counties in SE Nebraska since December 2025. Coordinates are approximate centroid of the Otoe/Gage County search area. Reported capacity range is 1,000–3,000 MW depending on phase; 1,000 MW used as minimum. Google has invested $3.5B in Nebraska since 2019 across existing Papillion, Omaha, and Lincoln data centers. Legislative feasibility depends on LB1261; could be operational by 2029 if approved.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Tenaska (Omaha-based) to build and operate a privately owned combined-cycle natural gas plant; capacity potentially exceeding twice Nebraska's largest existing plant (1,365 MW Gerald Gentleman Station); carbon capture technology planned; Tallgrass Energy potentially to supply gas and transport captured CO2 (Tallgrass later denied involvement); project contingent on passage of Nebraska LB1261 permitting private generators to interconnect with public utility grids On-site generation is not stated in the cited sources. Reporting says the campus could produce more than twice the 1,365 MW produced by Gerald Gentleman Station, implying roughly 2,730 MW — an inference, deliberately not recorded as a structured figure."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Cooling technology not disclosed in public filings. County officials and residents have raised concerns about combined water demand from the proposed data center and its associated natural-gas power plant."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Otoe County commissioners passed a one-year moratorium on new data-center permits (May 2026), with the board chair describing sentiment as '50/50'; the Gage County planning commission unanimously recommended an 18-month moratorium (June 2026) to applause. Opposition centers on water supply, power costs, land use, and limited permanent employment.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "Google New Albany Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.05832,
      "lon": -82.77106,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Facility operational since 2021, per Baxtel; groundbreaking occurred November 2019 under Google's Ohio subsidiary Montauk Innovations LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/ohio/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Ohio",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-plans-1bn-new-albany-data-center-expansion-acquires-618-acres-for-more-data-centers/",
        "label": "Google plans $1bn New Albany data center expansion, acquires 618 acres for more data centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-new-albany-ohio",
        "label": "Google: New Albany, Ohio Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-acquires-85-acres-in-new-albany-ohio/",
        "label": "Google acquires 85 acres in New Albany, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'222-004984'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Franklin County parcel/GIS record (parcel 222-004984, 5266 Babbitt Rd — MONTAUK INNOVATIONS LLC, data-center use class, 222 ac; the operational parcel of the Google/Montauk New Albany campus, which straddles the county line into Licking County at 1101 Beech Rd SW)",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "1101 Beech Rd SW, New Albany — operated via Google's Ohio subsidiary Montauk Innovations LLC. 275,000 sq ft initial building on a ~440-447 acre campus. $600M confirmed initial capital investment; 100% real-property tax abatement (15yr) and 100% sales-tax exemption (~$43.5M value, 15yr) granted. Distinct from Google's Lima \"Project BOSC\" facility (different county) and Google's Lancaster campus (tracked separately). No IT-load MW figure publicly disclosed. In June 2025, the same Montauk Innovations entity acquired an adjacent 85-acre parcel at 2565 Harrison Road NW (~4 miles north) for $63M; Google has NOT confirmed this parcel will become a data center (\"we want to ensure we have the option to further grow, should our business demand it\" per a spokesperson) — tracked as a note here rather than a standalone facility pending confirmation. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found — Google's own materials describe this and its other Ohio campuses generically as cloud/digital infrastructure. County-auditor parcels confirm the campus straddles the Franklin-Licking line: the operational, data-center-classed parcel is in Franklin County (5266 Babbitt Rd, 222 ac, Montauk Innovations LLC, acquired Dec 2018 for $27.4M), extending east across the line into Licking County at 1101 Beech Rd SW (219 ac; ~441 ac combined). The coordinate is now parcel-exact to the Franklin operational parcel.",
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "landAcres": 447,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-omaha-ne",
    "name": "Google Omaha Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.334,
      "lon": -96.145,
      "city": "Omaha",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/nebraska/",
        "label": "Nebraska, USA -- Google Data Center Location",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.idc-a.org/news/Google-Has-Filed-Plans-to-Expand-Its-Data-Center-Site-in-Omaha-Nebraska",
        "label": "Google Has Filed Plans to Expand Its Data Center Site in Omaha Nebraska",
        "publisher": "International Data Center Authority (IDC-A)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Google's THIRD, genuinely distinct Nebraska campus (not the same site as google-papillion-ne). Located north of 114th Street & State Street / along the west side of Blair High Road (NE Hwy 133) in far northwest Omaha, Douglas County -- Papillion is in Sarpy County, a separate site ~20 miles southeast. Filed under the shell entity 'Westwood Solutions, LLC'. Original phase: 270 acres, 4 buildings, 1.4M+ sq ft, ~$750M, 18-24 month construction timeline (filed/reported Jan 2023). Google separately sought to rezone an additional 187 adjacent acres (would bring the total site to ~457 acres / 2.2M+ sq ft if built) -- that expansion's approval/completion status was NOT independently confirmed this session, so landAcres is reported as the original 270-acre confirmed figure only. Google's own official Nebraska locations page (fetched this session) lists Omaha as a distinct, separate site from Papillion and Lincoln, status 'Constructed in 2022'. Coordinates are a rough estimate from the named intersection (114th & State St), NOT a parcel-level geocode -- a GIS/assessor pass could sharpen this to exact.",
    "investmentUsd": 750000000,
    "landAcres": 270,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-palo-ia",
    "name": "Google Palo Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0611,
      "lon": -91.7935,
      "city": "Palo",
      "county": "Linn",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "duane-arnold-energy-center-palo-ia",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-06",
        "note": "Google approached the Linn County Board of Supervisors about a project of up to six buildings near the Duane Arnold Energy Center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/local/google-exploring-data-center-project-near-palo/article_4024241b-0c96-5212-9487-acd2366cbd82.html",
        "label": "Google exploring data center project near Palo",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-03-04/google-data-center-palo-linn-county",
        "label": "Google eyes data center in Palo to bypass Linn County regulations",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-07-21/palo-linn-county-google-data-center-duane-arnold-nuclear-plant",
        "label": "Linn County considers exception for Google as nearby Palo passes data center regulations",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.linncountyiowa.gov/1862/Data-Centers-in-Unincorporated-Linn-Coun",
        "label": "Data Centers in Unincorporated Linn County (EU-3 district and 18-month moratorium)",
        "publisher": "Linn County, Iowa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Proposed campus of up to six buildings on land near the Duane Arnold Energy Center in unincorporated Linn County near Palo. Distinct site from Google's existing Cedar Rapids data center at the Big Cedar Industrial Center. No construction timeline set; Google shifted from county approval to annexation into the City of Palo in February 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "NextEra Energy (Duane Arnold Energy Center)",
      "notes": "Google is helping recommission the Duane Arnold Energy Center with the intention that it power this campus; Iowa Public Radio reported the plant would supply over 90 percent of the data center's power, about 565 MW. That is a plant-supply figure, not a confirmed IT load for the campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 12,
      "notes": "Iowa Public Radio (2026-03-04) reported the proposed project's water usage at approximately 12 million gallons per day. Linn County's data center ordinance required a water balance study; that study was funded through the county development framework and is 'on pause' after Google moved to annex into Palo instead."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents raised water and energy use, noise and light pollution at months of Palo public meetings. Linn County supervisors objected to Google pursuing annexation into Palo to avoid county water-use and economic agreements; Supervisor Sami Scheetz called the workaround 'fundamentally wrong.' Linn County adopted an 18-month moratorium (effective 2026-07-01) on new EU-3 large-scale data center rezoning applications, and Palo passed its own data center ordinance on 2026-07-21.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-papillion-ne",
    "name": "Google Papillion Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.13257,
      "lon": -96.143728,
      "city": "Papillion",
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "OPPD Pierce County Energy Center (420 MW solar + 680 MWh battery storage, online 2027), via Google-OPPD carbon-free-energy procurement framework",
    "announcedDate": "2019",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019",
        "note": "Announced Feb 2019, groundbreaking Oct 2019, $600M / ~275 acres; operational ~2021. Google's Nebraska location page lists Papillion as a Google data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/nebraska/",
        "label": "Google Nebraska — official location page: lists Papillion (2019), Omaha, and Lincoln as Google Nebraska data centers",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/inside-google/infrastructure/our-work-to-build-a-more-sustainable-future-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "Our work to build a more sustainable future in Nebraska (Google blog)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://omaha.com/news/nation-world/business/google-papillion-is-a-go-for-600-million-data-center-sarpy-countys-8th/article_71d55664-45c4-57f9-84b8-7b0c99938bfc.html",
        "label": "Omaha World-Herald — \"Google: Papillion is a go for $600 million data center — Sarpy County's 8th\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/content/news/Groundbreaking-on-Google-data-center-in-Papillion-562163691.html",
        "label": "Groundbreaking launches Google data center in Papillion",
        "publisher": "1011 NOW (KOLN/KGIN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Google data center at 14706 Schram Rd, Papillion, Sarpy County — announced Feb 2019 (built under shell entity Fireball Group LLC / 'Project Wizard'), a $600M project on ~275 acres, groundbreaking Oct 2019, operational ~2021. Confirmed by Google's own Nebraska location page (which lists Papillion, Omaha, and Lincoln as Google Nebraska sites). DISTINCT from the separate tracked proposed Google/Tenaska gas-plant project in SE Nebraska (Gage/Otoe area). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Schram Rd address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District (OPPD)",
      "notes": "Google and OPPD built a joint procurement framework enabling Google to supply carbon-free energy resources to OPPD in support of Google's 24/7 clean energy goal, anchored by the Pierce County Energy Center — a 420 MW solar system with 680 MWh of battery storage expected online in 2027."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "landAcres": 275,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Reception at the October 2019 groundbreaking was favorable among elected officials and local institutions: Gov. Pete Ricketts, Rep. Don Bacon (\"We are proud to have you\"), Papillion Mayor David Black, Sarpy County officials, OPPD and the Greater Omaha Chamber all attended and spoke in support. This reflects official reception at announcement/groundbreaking, not a later community-impact assessment; note that Nebraska has since legislated new data-center water- and power-disclosure requirements amid statewide concern about the sector.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-port-of-little-rock-data-center-ar",
    "name": "Port of Little Rock Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.746,
      "lon": -92.29,
      "city": "Little Rock",
      "county": "Pulaski",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-31",
        "note": "380-acre, 5-building campus (1.43M sq ft) at the Port of Little Rock; permitting wetlands dredge/fill; 30-year tax abatement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/google-little-rock-port-data-center/",
        "label": "Google's $1B Port of Little Rock data center",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/mar/31/googles-1b-port-of-little-rock-data-center/",
        "label": "Google's $1B Port of Little Rock data center",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "380 acres, 5 industrial buildings totaling 1.43M sq ft at the Port of Little Rock. Distinct from the separately tracked Google West Memphis (Crittenden County) site roughly 130 miles away. 30-year tax abatement. Via Willowbend Capital LLC.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 380,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-project-dazzler-franklin-furnace-oh",
    "name": "Project Dazzler",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.68,
      "lon": -82.72,
      "city": "Franklin Furnace",
      "county": "Scioto",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-06",
        "note": "792-acre site east of the Ohio River; Ohio EPA wetlands permit administratively complete March 2026; 500,000 sq ft phase 1, up to 1.7M sq ft total.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-confirmed-as-company-behind-500000-sq-ft-data-center-in-scioto-county-ohio/",
        "label": "Google confirmed as company behind 500,000 sq ft data center in Scioto County, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/03/06/scioto-county-data-center-moves-closer-to-construction-as-key-environmental-permit-clears-state-review/",
        "label": "Scioto County data center moves closer to construction as key environmental permit clears state review",
        "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sciotocountydailynews.com/commissioners-respond-to-open-meetings-lawsuit-over-data-center/",
        "label": "Scioto County Daily News — \"Commissioners Respond to Open Meetings Lawsuit Over Data Center\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "792-acre site in Green Township, east of the Ohio River. 500,000 sq ft phase 1, up to 1.7M sq ft total. Ohio EPA wetlands permit ('Project Dazzler') administratively complete March 2026; 75%/15-year tax abatement. Distinct from other tracked Google Ohio sites (Lancaster, Project BOSC-Lima, New Albany).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "AEP Ohio"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 792,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "A Scioto County resident sued the county commissioners in Common Pleas Court alleging Ohio Open Meetings Act violations (closed executive sessions) in negotiating the Community Reinvestment Area tax agreement tied to the Google project; the suit followed documented resident pushback at a township meeting.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-project-louie-monrovia-in",
    "name": "Google Project Louie (Morgan County)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.57,
      "lon": -86.35,
      "city": "Monrovia",
      "county": "Morgan",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 390
    },
    "poweredBy": "AES Indiana",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Rezoning applications filed under shell company 'Woodland Caribou LLC'; Google confirmed as developer October 2025 via public affairs manager Broderick Green",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Morgan County approved first rezoning (Sept 2025) and second rezoning adding ~158 acres (Oct 2025), bringing campus to ~550 acres; development agreement including tax abatements approved May 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Site preparation underway April 2026; Mortenson (general contractor), Gradex (site prep/earthwork); AES Indiana IURC Cause No. 46394 filed Apr 22 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-behind-390-acre-data-center-development-in-morgan-county-indiana/",
        "label": "Google behind 390-acre data center development in Morgan County, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://specials.idsnews.com/data-center-morgan-county-indiana-billion-dollar/",
        "label": "The billion-dollar neighbor: Data center special report",
        "publisher": "Indiana Daily Student",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyjournal.net/2025/10/22/google-reveals-itself-as-developer-behind-500-acre-morgan-county-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Google reveals itself as developer behind 500-acre Morgan County data center campus",
        "publisher": "Daily Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.citact.org/news/iurc-must-prioritize-public-interest-aes-indiana-data-center-proposal",
        "label": "IURC Must Prioritize Public Interest in AES Indiana Data Center Proposal",
        "publisher": "Citizens Action Coalition",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://iurc.portal.in.gov/_entity/sharepointdocumentlocation/9859d501-903e-f111-88b3-001dd802f839/bb9c6bba-fd52-45ad-8e64-a444aef13c39?file=46394_AESIN_Lee+Direct+Testimony+-+3_042226.pdf",
        "label": "AES Indiana Lee Direct Testimony, IURC Cause No. 46394 (filed Apr 22 2026)",
        "publisher": "Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://morgancountycorrespondent.com/2026/07/02/google-pressures-monrovia-to-end-annexation-effort/",
        "label": "Google pressures Monrovia to end annexation effort",
        "publisher": "Morgan County Correspondent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.idsnews.com/article/2026/05/the-billion-dollar-neighbor-coming-to-morgan-county",
        "label": "The billion-dollar neighbor coming to Morgan County",
        "publisher": "Indiana Daily Student",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wthr.com/article/news/local/morgan-co-data-center-project-advances-county-commissioner-vote-indiana/531-d9e68593-a393-4db9-b04e-292eeddda454",
        "label": "Morgan County data center project advances despite major community pushback",
        "publisher": "WTHR (NBC Indianapolis)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyjournal.net/2025/10/17/aes-indiana-plans-1200-megawatt-substation-for-morgan-county-data-center/",
        "label": "AES Indiana plans 1,200-megawatt substation for Morgan County data center",
        "publisher": "Daily Journal (Johnson County, IN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ibj.com/articles/aes-indiana-details-plan-to-power-proposed-google-data-center-southwest-of-indianapolis",
        "label": "AES Indiana details plan to power proposed Google data center southwest of Indianapolis",
        "publisher": "Indianapolis Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/indiana-regulators-ok-energy-project-tied-to-googles-morgan-county-data-center",
        "label": "Indiana regulators OK energy project tied to Google's Morgan County data center",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ipm.org/news/2026-07-14/activist-group-blasts-energy-project-related-to-monrovia-data-center",
        "label": "Activist group blasts energy project related to Monrovia data center",
        "publisher": "Indiana Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Codename 'Project Louie'; Google initially concealed via shell company 'Woodland Caribou LLC'. Campus totals approximately 550 acres in Morgan Township east of Monrovia (bounded by Keller Hill Rd, N Antioch Rd, SR-42, W Union Church Rd); additional ~80 acres acquired within Monrovia town limits, bringing total Google holdings to ~628 acres. Planned 1,200 MW AES Indiana substation per IURC Cause No. 46394 (filed Apr 22 2026); that figure is the utility substation capacity ceiling, not a confirmed steady-state data center load — treated as notes per spec. Six buildings plus substation planned. Reported total investment ~$1 billion (IDS News; not confirmed as a firm Google-stated commitment — left out of investmentUsd). Land acquisition spend: ~$78 million for ~15 parcels Sep–Nov 2025. Coordinates approximate (site east of Monrovia near SR-42/Keller Hill Rd area). Annexation dispute with Town of Monrovia active July 2026: county transferred Google parcels to RDC under IC 36-4-3-4.3 to block annexation; Google offered $12M sewer plant upgrade to Monrovia to drop the effort.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AES Indiana",
      "notes": "AES Indiana sole utility provider. IURC Cause No. 46394 filed Apr 22 2026 under HEA 1007; AES planning 1,200 MW on-site substation; 15-year Customer Specific Contract (CSC); all incremental infrastructure costs paid by Google; IURC order expected Sept 2026."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Each building estimated to use up to 4 million gallons per day at maximum capacity per IURC filings; total campus water demand not confirmed as a single figure. Cooling type not confirmed in available sources."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Morgan County 40-year local tax exemption on qualified computing equipment (approved May 2025)",
        "jurisdiction": "Morgan County, IN",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "Morgan County 10-year 50% property tax abatement on data center buildings (approved May 2025)",
        "jurisdiction": "Morgan County, IN",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "Indiana Economic Development Corp (IEDC) state tax incentives — up to $42 million over 35 years",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Indiana",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 550,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Significant opposition. 'KEEP MONROVIA RURAL' signs appeared along roads and fields; multiple lawsuits filed challenging rezoning decisions, consolidated January 2026, ongoing as of mid-2026. Annexation dispute active July 2026: Monrovia sought to annex Google parcels; county transferred property to RDC under IC 36-4-3-4.3 to block; Google offered $12M sewer plant upgrade in exchange for dropping effort. County commissioners generally supportive (Commissioner Don Adams called Google 'good neighbors'). Google donated $200K to Monrovia FFA and $1M to local nonprofits.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-project-mica-kc-northland-mo",
    "name": "Google Project Mica",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.274,
      "lon": -94.651,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Clay",
      "street": "12701 N Arrowhead Trafficway",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "poweredBy": "Evergy (Large Load Power Tariff)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Google acquires ~493 acres in KC Northland; site originally known as Rocky Branch Creek Technology Park (formerly a QTS/Diode Ventures plan)"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "City of Smithville and Port KC approve $10B campus; Google still unconfirmed publicly at this stage",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Google confirms Project Mica; construction already underway; first building expected within 18–24 months",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kctv5.com/2025/07/29/10b-500-acre-tech-campus-gets-stamp-approval-near-smithville/",
        "label": "$10B, 500-acre Google campus gets stamp of approval near Smithville",
        "publisher": "KCTV5",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri/kansas-city/google-announces-construction-underway-for-second-data-center-campus-in-kansas-city",
        "label": "Google announces construction underway for second data center campus in Kansas City",
        "publisher": "KSHB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kctv5.com/2026/02/12/google-confirms-new-data-center-development-kansas-citys-northland/",
        "label": "Google confirms new data center development in Kansas City's Northland",
        "publisher": "KCTV5",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Five hyperscale data center buildings on 493 acres, northeast of I-435 and US-169 in KC Northland (near Smithville, Clay County). Google committed $1.5M to Smithville School District and $250K to Northland Career Center. Coordinates are approximate for the site northeast of the I-435/US-169 interchange.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Evergy",
      "notes": "Google is Evergy's first customer under its Large Load Power Tariff (approved Nov 2025 by Missouri PSC and Kansas CC); up to ~700 MW to be supplied from Nashua substation and onsite substations at full campus buildout"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Port KC taxable revenue bond authorization — ceiling $10B (a financing authorization, NOT an abatement value: the city takes title so the property becomes tax-exempt, and the resulting relief is the separate property-tax abatement itemized below)",
        "jurisdiction": "Kansas City, MO",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "25-year 75% property tax abatement and 100% local/state sales tax exemption on construction materials",
        "jurisdiction": "Missouri / City of Smithville",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 493,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-project-peanut-chester-va",
    "name": "Project Peanut",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.34629075,
      "lon": -77.29960686,
      "city": "Chester",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-22",
        "note": "Site plan filed at 2700 Bermuda Hundred Rd; part of Google's 3-campus $9B Chesterfield trio (with Skye + Loch).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-06-22/google-data-centers-chesterfield-peanut-skye-loch-schneider-timmons",
        "label": "Google data centers: Chesterfield's Peanut, Skye, Loch",
        "publisher": "VPM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/chesterfield-county/google-site-plan-project-peanut-data-center-chesterfield/",
        "label": "Google site plan: Project Peanut data center Chesterfield",
        "publisher": "WRIC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2025/08/28/chesterfield-scores-a-google-trifecta-tech-giant-reveals-ties-to-3-massive-sites-across-the-county/",
        "label": "Richmond BizSense — Chesterfield scores a Google trifecta: tech giant reveals ties to 3 massive sites across the county",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://chesterfieldreport.com/story/chesterfield-residents-seek-clarity-on-data-center-expansion-plans.html",
        "label": "Chesterfield Report — Chesterfield Residents Seek Clarity on Data Center Expansion Plans",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Part of Google's 3-campus $9B Chesterfield County trio, alongside Project Skye and Project Loch. Distinct from a separately tracked Google Midlothian, VA proposed record.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents packed a June 24, 2026 Chesterfield Board of Supervisors meeting demanding transparency on the three Google projects (Peanut, Skye, Loch; $9B combined); zero speakers voiced support and no developers attended.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-project-skye-midlothian-va",
    "name": "Project Skye",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.44741159,
      "lon": -77.77600992,
      "city": "Midlothian",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "887-acre parcel at 4201 Moseley Rd; part of Google's 3-campus $9B Chesterfield trio.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-27",
        "note": "Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors has approved the local rezoning (887.7 acres, 879 for data-center use / 99 for advanced manufacturing) enabling Project Skye. US Army Corps of Engineers Clean Water Act and Virginia Marine Resources Commission permits remain pending as of 2026-06-22/06-26.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/details-revealed-for-googles-project-skye-data-center-campus-in-chesterfield-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Details revealed for Google's Project Skye data center campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/virginia/google-files-plans-for-887-acre-project-skye-data-center-campus-in-chesterfield-county-virginia",
        "label": "Google files plans for 887-acre Project Skye data center campus",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2025/08/28/chesterfield-scores-a-google-trifecta-tech-giant-reveals-ties-to-3-massive-sites-across-the-county/",
        "label": "Richmond BizSense — Chesterfield scores a Google trifecta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://chesterfieldreport.com/story/chesterfield-residents-seek-clarity-on-data-center-expansion-plans.html",
        "label": "Chesterfield Report — Chesterfield Residents Seek Clarity on Data Center Expansion Plans",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-06-22/google-data-centers-chesterfield-peanut-skye-loch-schneider-timmons",
        "label": "Google's $9B bet on a trio of Chesterfield data center campuses",
        "publisher": "VPM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "887-acre parcel spanning Genito/Moseley/Duval Rds. Part of Google's 3-campus $9B Chesterfield County trio, alongside Project Peanut and Project Loch. Distinct from the separately tracked Project Loch (750 Watkins Centre Pkwy, 221 ac).",
    "landAcres": 887.7,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Same June 24, 2026 packed Chesterfield Board of Supervisors meeting covering all three Google projects (Peanut, Skye, Loch; $9B combined); zero speakers voiced support, residents demanded transparency and are organizing for continued engagement as further proposals advance.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-pryor-ok",
    "name": "Google Pryor Data Center Campus (Mayes County Expansion)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.32,
      "lon": -95.31,
      "city": "Pryor",
      "county": "Mayes",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Southwest Power Pool) with renewable PPAs",
    "announcedDate": "2007-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2011-01",
        "note": "Campus opens in Mayes County after first announcement in 2007. Has undergone three expansions since opening.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "New expansion announced as part of Google's $9B, two-year Oklahoma investment commitment.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.okcommerce.gov/google-planning-another-expansion-for-pryor-data-center/",
        "label": "Google planning another expansion for Pryor data center",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-invest-9bn-in-cloud-and-ai-infrastructure-in-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Google to invest $9B in cloud and AI infrastructure in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.readfrontier.org/stories/as-data-centers-boom-in-oklahoma-so-does-water-demand/",
        "label": "As data centers boom in Oklahoma, so does water demand",
        "publisher": "The Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.readfrontier.org/stories/oklahoma-lawmakers-tried-to-cut-a-costly-incentive-for-data-centers-but-gave-google-a-break/",
        "label": "Oklahoma lawmakers tried to cut a costly data-center incentive, but gave Google a break",
        "publisher": "The Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pryorinfopub.com/news/google-announces-support-for-local-schools-and-nonprofits/article_ddd319a6-4823-11ef-bbfd-9b7b0264f6f1.html",
        "label": "Google announces support for local schools and nonprofits",
        "publisher": "Pryor Information Publication",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/over-700mwac-new-solar-projects-in-ok/",
        "label": "LRE Announces Over 700 MWac of New Solar Projects in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Campus operational since 2011; Google's second-largest data center globally per Alphabet CIO Ruth Porat. Four expansions now underway. $5.7B+ invested historically in Oklahoma prior to August 2025 $9B commitment. Expansion capacity and MW not publicly specified. Coordinates are Pryor city center.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA)",
      "notes": "Google's second-largest data center campus in the world. Oklahoma wind generates ~42% of in-state electricity. New expansion announced as part of $9B Oklahoma investment (August 2025). Google has invested $5.7B+ in Oklahoma historically (prior to August 2025 $9B commitment)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 3,
      "notes": "Utility records (open-records request) show the Pryor center used more than 1.1 billion gallons Jul 2024–Jun 2025 (≈3.0 MGD, a floor) from the Neosho River via the state-owned MidAmerica Industrial Park; ~253M gallons were discharged back to the river, the remainder lost to evaporative cooling. Google was the park's second-largest water user that year."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Oklahoma ad valorem manufacturing exemption (5-year property-tax exemption on data-center equipment) — $45.9M in 2021 alone (largest single-year benefit; amountUsd reflects this 2021 figure); ~$239M reimbursed cumulatively over ~a decade for the Mayes County facility; existing qualifying equipment retains the exemption to 2036 under SB 609 (2021)",
        "amountUsd": 45900000,
        "jurisdiction": "Mayes County, OK",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 4400000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Strong official support — Pryor Mayor Zac Doyle: Google has brought \"hundreds of jobs, economic growth, and billions in investment\" and supports local schools and nonprofits. Google reports more than 800 jobs created to date in Pryor and $4.4 billion invested in Mayes County to date (company-provided figures via The Frontier). Grassroots and state-level concerns are documented: local hiring practices, rising housing costs, and heavy water use (>1.1B gal/yr); the Oklahoma Water Resources Board warned (Oct 2025) that data centers \"will contribute to the strain\" on water supply. Subsidy scale also criticized: ~$239M ad valorem for this facility, plus $113.9M in income-tax credits Google has claimed statewide since 2017.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-putnam-county-campus-wv",
    "name": "Google Putnam County Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.64411,
      "lon": -81.956511,
      "city": "Buffalo",
      "county": "Putnam",
      "street": "22272 Charleston Road",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03-27",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-27",
        "note": "1,700 acres on both sides of Route 62, north end of Buffalo near the Kanawha River; approved as a High Impact Development Project but still in due diligence/early stage.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/03/27/google-announces-plans-for-data-center-in-buffalo-w-va/",
        "label": "Google announces plans for data center in Buffalo, W.Va.",
        "publisher": "WV MetroNews",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsaz.com/2026/03/27/google-purchases-land-potential-data-center-putnam-county/",
        "label": "Google purchases land for potential data center in Putnam County",
        "publisher": "WSAZ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/putnam_news/possible-google-data-center-property-location-in-buffalo-identified/article_963132ef-0a9c-44bf-9fc6-7c9751278305.html",
        "label": "Possible Google data center property location in Buffalo identified",
        "publisher": "Herald-Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services.wvgis.wvu.edu/arcgis/rest/services/Geocode/WV_Composite/GeocodeServer",
        "label": "West Virginia GIS Technical Center -- WV Composite Geocoder (state PointAddress match for 22272 Charleston Rd, Buffalo, WV 25033)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/09/01/pack-releases-study-on-expected-data-center-tax-revenue/",
        "label": "Pack releases study on expected data center tax revenue",
        "publisher": "WV MetroNews",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://buffalowvdatacenter.com/",
        "label": "Google — Buffalo, West Virginia data center project site",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/economy/google-launches-data-center-website-for-putnam-county-campus/",
        "label": "Google Launches Data Center Website For Putnam County Campus — plans to generate 100% of the electricity needed and treat 120% of the water needed",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "1,700 acres both sides of Route 62, north end of Buffalo near the Kanawha River (address disclosed as 22272 Charleston Road). Announced March 2026; multibillion-dollar investment unspecified; still in early due diligence. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status unchanged (proposed). Most recent coverage found (wvgazettemail update dated 2026-09-03) still describes the site as an application under review, not a permitted or under-construction project. capacityMw and water/coolingType remain unconfirmed: Google's own spokesperson has not disclosed power or water figures for this site as of the 2026-09-03 update. jobs remains unfilled: officials cite only non-numeric 'thousands of construction jobs and hundreds of permanent roles,' no source gives integer counts. aiClassification declined: sources describe this as a general Google data center / cloud campus; none of the fetched sources specifically frame THIS site as AI-dedicated (vs. general cloud), so filling the enum would be a guess. subsidies: no facility-specific incentive/abatement program was found in any source fetched this session; HB 2014's tax-revenue split (majority to state, county keeps roughly 30%) is a distribution of taxes the facility generates, not a subsidy granted to the facility, so it is not recorded as a subsidy. Could not obtain a fetchable primary source (wvpress.org returned 403) that states explicitly whether Google applied for the Economic Development Project Fund, so no subsidies finding is asserted either way.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Appalachian Power (AEP)",
      "notes": "Google's project site states the company \"is committed to pay for all necessary electrical infrastructure required to run its data center, including substations and transmission upgrades.\" West Virginia Public Broadcasting (2026-06-04) reports plans for \"generating 100% of the electricity needed\" for the campus. No utility, generation technology or megawatt figure has been published, so those fields are left unset."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Google's project site states \"We evaluate the local water source for each data center, using a science-based framework to assess watershed health\" and that \"our cooling decisions consider the local environment — balancing affordable energy and responsibly-sourced water.\" West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports a plan for \"treating 120% of the water needed.\" No cooling method or withdrawal volume has been published for the Buffalo site, so coolingType and reportedMgd are left unset."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 7000000000,
    "landAcres": 1700,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Named residents cited cancer/health fears and anger over the March 27, 2026 announcement, while the Buffalo mayor and a state delegate voiced enthusiastic support; no formal hearing or vote has occurred yet.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-red-oak-tx",
    "name": "Google Red Oak Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5163,
      "lon": -96.8011,
      "city": "Red Oak",
      "county": "Ellis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2018-07",
        "note": "Ellis County commissioners approved a 10-year tax abatement with Alamo Mission LLC (a Google shell entity)",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-09",
        "note": "Google publicly announced the Red Oak campus: 166 acres at FM 664/SH 342, 285,000 sq ft first building, $330M initial investment",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-11-14",
        "note": "First building confirmed operational; second building still under construction per Mayor Mark Stanfill",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-announces-plans-for-red-oak-data-center-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "Google announces plans for Red Oak data center campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/texas/",
        "label": "Texas - Google Data Center Location",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.elliscountypress.com/news/google-plans-invest-more-600-million-new-data-center",
        "label": "Google plans to invest more than $600 million in a new data center",
        "publisher": "Ellis County Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.elliscountypress.com/news/google-announces-plans-invest-nearly-40-billion-ellis-county-data-centers",
        "label": "Google announces plans to invest nearly $40 billion in Ellis County Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Ellis County Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-red-oak-tx",
        "label": "Google Red Oak TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/red-oak-data-center-meets-community-resistance-40674118/",
        "label": "New Red Oak Data Center Project Meets Community Pushback",
        "publisher": "Dallas Observer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Google's second Dallas-Fort Worth campus. First building operational late 2025; second building under construction as of Nov 2025 per Mayor Stanfill. 166 acres at FM 664 (Ovilla Rd) and SH 342; shell entity Alamo Mission LLC used in Ellis County negotiations. investmentUsd records only the $330M confirmed initial investment; the frequently cited $600M+ is a multi-phase projection (in notes). Capacity in MW not publicly disclosed. Google pledged a $150,000 STEM grant to Red Oak ISD; grid reinforcements estimated ~$72M. Part of Google's broader $40B Texas commitment. Coordinates are the Red Oak town centroid (no parcel GPS confirmed). The 2018 abatement's scope vs the separate Midlothian campus is not fully disambiguated in the public record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ellis County 10-year property tax abatement (Alamo Mission LLC / Google, approved July 2018)"
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 330000000,
    "landAcres": 166,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-redhawk-mesa-az",
    "name": "Google Redhawk Mesa Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3764,
      "lon": -111.6199,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "poweredBy": "400MW solar and wind (Salt River Project)",
    "announcedDate": "2019-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2019-01",
        "note": "Google filed plans as 'Stone Applications LLC' for 187 acres at NW corner of Elliot and Sossaman roads"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Phase 2 (280,000 sq ft, 185 acres) under construction targeting 2027; Phase 3 (283,500 sq ft) under Mesa Design Review Board review",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Phase 1 (288,530 sq ft data hall, Redhawk 1) went operational July 2025 for core cloud and AI services",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-breaks-ground-on-mesa-data-center-campus-in-arizona/",
        "label": "Google breaks ground on Mesa data center campus in Arizona",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/google-planning-next-phase-of-mesa-data-center-facility/",
        "label": "Google Planning Next Phase of Mesa Data Center Facility",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/mesa-council-approves-1bn-google-arizona-data-center-16m-tax-breaks/",
        "label": "Mesa Council approves $1bn Google data center, with $16m in tax breaks",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mesa.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=7431552&GUID=F48E7DF7-C483-4237-8F54-83D08F5E1935",
        "label": "City of Mesa resolution authorising a development agreement and lease with Stone Applications, LLC for ~187 acres at S Sossaman Rd and E Elliot Rd (approved 1 July 2019)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mesa.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=7431554&GUID=560CC2A3-8A23-4144-8CCB-CB9D273698B2",
        "label": "City of Mesa Office of Economic Development study-session presentation, 27 June 2019 — GPLET term: ~$32,967,000 excise payable over 25 years vs ~$48,916,134 ad valorem otherwise",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://legistar1.granicus.com/Mesa/attachments/eb9e229a-330d-417b-bf35-95ed173402fc.doc",
        "label": "Executed GPLET Lease between the City of Mesa and Stone Applications, LLC (City of Mesa matter 19-0809) — states no abatement amount; net annual rent of $10,000 and an express disclaimer that GPLET benefits are not guaranteed during the term",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://legistar1.granicus.com/Mesa/attachments/e2e1b966-a066-4ba7-b9a6-ec11167a332d.pdf",
        "label": "Executed Development Agreement with exhibits, City of Mesa and Stone Applications, LLC (matter 19-0809)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Three-phase campus through 2030; originally filed anonymously as Project Red Hawk via LLC Stone Applications. Phase 1 operational July 2025. Phase 2 under construction. Coordinates at Elliot and Sossaman roads, SE Mesa. 2019 development agreement requires >=$600M capex by 2025, >=$1B by 2029, 750,000 sq ft built by 2030, and a >=$65,000 average full-time data-center salary; construction workforce has been cited around 1,200 (an estimate, not a permanent-jobs count). Status reflects Phase 1 (Redhawk 1), operational since July 2025; Phases 2 and 3 remain under construction, which is why Google's own US locations index still lists Mesa under sites in development.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)",
      "notes": "400MW from in-state solar and wind farms committed for Phase 2 buildout"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Google built the Mesa campus as air-cooled, chosen for Arizona's watershed scarcity; Mesa's economic-development director described it at groundbreaking as a 'cutting-edge, air-cooled data center campus.' The 2019 City of Mesa development agreement separately provided for the city to supply up to ~1 million gallons/day at launch, scaling toward ~4 million gallons/day at full build-out — a contractual water allocation/backup (on-site storage, existing wells, acquired water rights, long-term storage credits), not confirmed operational cooling consumption. No operational water-use figure has been published."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Government Property Lease Excise Tax (GPLET), 25-year lease. The executed lease states no abatement amount; the City of Mesa economic-development office projected a ~$16M 25-year value (~$48.9M ad valorem avoided against ~$33.0M excise payable). Projected differential, not a stated or disbursed sum.",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Mesa, Arizona",
        "year": "2019",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 187,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Mesa City Council approved the $1B development and GPLET agreement in July 2019 (Mayor John Giles called it 'a home run'); one councilmember abstained as a Google shareholder and voiced reservations about large-corporation tax breaks. The city projected net positive tax revenue.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-ridgeville-sc",
    "name": "Google Ridgeville Data Center (Project Dawson)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.096,
      "lon": -80.3239,
      "city": "Ridgeville",
      "county": "Dorchester",
      "street": "Research Center Drive",
      "postalCode": "29472",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-09-26",
        "note": "Google announced $3.3B SC investment including new Ridgeville campus (Project Dawson) at Pine Hill Business Campus",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-09",
        "note": "Groundbreaking at Research Center Drive and Highway 17A, Ridgeville; completion expected within 12–18 months of September 2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-confirms-it-is-behind-project-dawson-data-center-campus-in-south-carolina/",
        "label": "Google confirms it is behind Project Dawson data center campus in South Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2024-09/google-grows-south-carolina-footprint-new-dorchester-county-operations-expansion",
        "label": "Google grows South Carolina footprint with new Dorchester County operations – SC Governor press release",
        "publisher": "SC Governor's Office",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-ridgeville-sc",
        "label": "Google: Ridgeville, SC Data Center (Project Dawson) — site record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Pine Hill Business Campus, Research Center Drive and Highway 17A, Ridgeville. Planned as part of Google's overall $9B SC commitment through 2027 (announced October 2025). MW capacity not disclosed by Google. investmentUsd not broken out by site; $2B is the combined Dorchester County (Ridgeville + St. George) figure. Second Dorchester campus at Winding Woods Commerce Park, St. George not separately tracked here. Coordinates are Ridgeville area centroid. FLAG FOR HUMAN REVIEW, not a confirmed no-change: Google's own South Carolina data-center page states a Dorchester County facility 'opens' in 2024, which is difficult to reconcile with this record's current status of 'under_construction' as of 2026-08-26. Ridgeville and St. George (Winding Woods, the other Dorchester County Google site in this dataset) are BOTH in Dorchester County and the source does not name which one it refers to -- I am not attributing this to one site over the other, and I am NOT asserting a status change, only flagging the discrepancy. It is also plausible this describes an early operational phase of a multi-phase campus while the overall project (this record) legitimately remains 'under_construction'. No capacityMw or jobs data was found for this site despite targeted checks of Santee Cooper (newsroom, generation-projects, board-meetings [JS-rendered, not retrievable], IRP, economic-development pages -- none name Google or this project), SC Governor's newsroom, SC Commerce newsroom, scbiz.com, Post and Courier (429 on every fetch), Live5/WCSC and ABCNews4/WCIV (client-side search, no results surfaced), and SC PSC's docket system (search requires an interactive form the static fetch could not submit). Dorchester County's own government site returned 403 Forbidden. web.archive.org (for the previously-cited datacenterdynamics.com Project Dawson article, and as a fallback for the bot-walled county/PSC sites) returned HTTP 429 rate-limiting on every attempt this run, both via WebFetch and direct curl, so that lane could not be worked at all.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Google signed 600 MW solar PPA with EnergyRe covering South Carolina operations"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Uses recycled water and closed-loop cooling systems per Google's sustainability commitments"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Property tax rate reduced to 4% (owner-occupied residential rate) for up to 53 years",
        "jurisdiction": "Dorchester County, SC",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 510000000,
    "landAcres": 231,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Dorchester County Council approved 53-year tax incentive. Part of Google's broader $9 billion commitment to South Carolina through 2027.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-skyway-pine-island-mn",
    "name": "Google Project Skyway (Pine Island)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.2019,
      "lon": -92.6496,
      "city": "Pine Island",
      "county": "Goodhue",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Xcel Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Xcel Energy signed an agreement to power a new Google data center in Pine Island, MN; Electric Service Agreement pending MPUC approval",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "The City of Pine Island records that on 2026-01-20 it granted final approvals — rezoning, annexation, final plat, final development plan and conditional use permit — and on 2026-02-04 approved a ~$36.5 million tax abatement. The city states \"The developer is now pursuing the required permits through various state agencies\", and its own milestone list records no construction start, so the record moves from proposed to permitted rather than under_construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://newsroom.xcelenergy.com/news/xcel-energy-to-power-new-google-data-center-in-minnesota",
        "label": "Xcel Energy to power new Google data center in Minnesota",
        "publisher": "Xcel Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/infrastructure-and-cloud/global-network/data-center-pine-island/",
        "label": "A new data center in Pine Island, Minnesota",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pineislandmn.gov/skyway",
        "label": "City of Pine Island — Project Skyway: ~482 acres, ~$36.5M abatement over 28 years, max 152,000 gal/day at full build-out, Xcel Energy as energy provider",
        "publisher": "City of Pine Island, Minnesota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kttc.com/2026/02/05/pine-island-city-council-approves-financial-incentives-data-center-project/",
        "label": "KTTC — council approves $36,578,343 abatement 5-0; agreement requires \"at least 38 full time, on-site jobs, paying at least $31 an hour\"",
        "publisher": "KTTC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.postbulletin.com/business/the-company-building-pine-islands-data-center-is-finally-revealed",
        "label": "Post Bulletin — Ryan Companies building for Google; facility uses \"advanced air-cooling technology\" with water limited to \"domestic needs\"",
        "publisher": "Post Bulletin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pineislandmn.gov/skyway",
        "label": "City of Pine Island — Project Skyway (approval milestones, abatement, acreage, water, utility)",
        "publisher": "City of Pine Island, Minnesota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kttc.com/2026/02/05/pine-island-city-council-approves-financial-incentives-data-center-project/",
        "label": "KTTC — Pine Island City Council approves financial incentives for data center project (5-0 vote, 2026-02-04)",
        "publisher": "KTTC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Google's first Minnesota campus, Pine Island (Goodhue County), powered by Xcel Energy; ~250,000 sq ft initial building for AI applications. Electric Service Agreement pending MPUC approval as of Feb 2026 → proposed. The associated 1,900 MW (1,400 MW wind + 200 MW solar + 300 MW storage) is a new clean-energy build-out, NOT the data center's IT load — DC capacity not disclosed (omitted). Faces a local legal challenge. Coordinates are the Pine Island area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Xcel Energy; Google to cover new grid infrastructure costs. A separate 1,900 MW clean-energy build-out (wind/solar/storage) is tied to the ESA but is generation, not DC load."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "reportedMgd": 0.152,
      "notes": "The City of Pine Island states water use will be \"a maximum of 152,000 gallons per day or less once the entire project area is built out\" — a permitted maximum for the full build-out, not a measured draw (152,000 gal/day = 0.152 MGD). Post Bulletin reports the facility uses \"advanced air-cooling technology\" rather than water cooling, with water limited to \"domestic needs and operations such as bathroom and kitchen facilities\" — i.e. no cooling-water circuit, hence coolingType \"air\"."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Property tax abatement (Project Skyway business subsidy agreement, 28 years)",
        "amountUsd": 36578343,
        "jurisdiction": "City of Pine Island, Minnesota",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 482,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 38,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-spade-new-florence-mo",
    "name": "Google Project Spade Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.791,
      "lon": -91.508,
      "city": "New Florence",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "Ameren Missouri",
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Google confirmed as Project Spade end user; administrative review completed"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Construction permits delivered"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-01",
        "note": "Ground broken"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-pledges-15bn-investment-in-new-florence-missouri/",
        "label": "Google pledges $15bn investment in New Florence, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-project-spade-campus",
        "label": "Google Project Spade Campus - Baxtel tracker",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/state_news/two-huge-data-center-projects-in-montgomery-county-are-dividing-the-community/article_cce0a3c1-97f9-4ccc-abb4-b7287a32ad1d.html",
        "label": "Two huge data center projects in Montgomery County are dividing the community",
        "publisher": "Columbia Missourian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.komu.com/news/midmissourinews/data-center-development-sparks-conflict-in-montgomery-county/article_9a7d8b05-1eff-4757-9ea7-f7c0bb33c43c.html",
        "label": "Montgomery County data center development sparks conflict",
        "publisher": "KOMU 8 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://governor.mo.gov/press-releases/archive/missouri-secures-15-billion-investment-google-montgomery-county",
        "label": "Missouri Governor's Office — Missouri Secures $15 Billion Investment from Google in Montgomery County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "DISTINCT from aws-green-new-florence-mo (AWS Project Green): the two are on opposite sides of I-70 (Project Green north; Project Spade south, SE quadrant of the I-70/Hwy 19 interchange) - independently verified via DCD and Columbia Missourian. Site ~934 acres (~780 unincorporated + ~130 in New Florence). Developer: Related Digital. Campus targets 1.2 GW. INVESTMENT OMITTED: the $15B is Google's Missouri-STATEWIDE infrastructure pledge ('Google will invest $15 billion in building infrastructure in Missouri, including a data center in New Florence'); the campus itself is described only as 'multi-billion-dollar', so no firm campus investmentUsd is recorded. Amended from three buildings to two ~800,000 sq ft buildings; first operations targeted 2028. ~2,000 construction jobs and 'hundreds' of permanent jobs are projections (in notes, not jobs). Coordinates are an approximate site centroid (no verified parcel record).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ameren Missouri"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 15000000000,
    "landAcres": 934,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "County commissioners unanimously approved; opposition group Preserve Montgomery County filed a Missouri Sunshine Law lawsuit against the commissioners (Feb 2026)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-spring-sand-springs-ok",
    "name": "Project Spring (Sand Springs)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.256,
      "lon": -96.11,
      "city": "Sand Springs",
      "county": "Osage",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "827-acre site annexed into Sand Springs city limits to enable PSO grid connection"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-21",
        "note": "DCD first reports the rezoning application for the 827-acre site near HWY 97 and Rock School Rd; operator undisclosed at this stage"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-15",
        "note": "Tulsa Flyer first publicly identifies Google as interested end-user/purchaser; White Rose Partners launches projectspringok.com"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-03",
        "note": "Sand Springs City Council votes 6-1 to approve rezoning; multiple lawsuits and a recall effort remain active - no construction permit issued"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tulsaflyer.org/2026/01/15/government/post/google-connected-sand-springs-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Google connected to Sand Springs data center project",
        "publisher": "Tulsa Flyer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sand-springs-oklahoma-to-consider-project-spring-data-center-proposal/",
        "label": "Sand Springs, Oklahoma, to consider Project Spring data center proposal",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-gets-greenlight-for-data-center-in-tulsa-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Google gets greenlight for data center in Tulsa, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox23.com/news/sand-springs-city-council-approves-rezoning-for-proposed-google-data-center/article_ae464644-a5bf-4d2a-ba4c-fedcf7b113f8.html",
        "label": "Sand Springs city council approves rezoning for proposed Google data center",
        "publisher": "Fox23",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/local-regional/2026-01-29/sand-springs-advances-proposed-google-data-center-rezoning",
        "label": "Sand Springs advances proposed Google data center rezoning",
        "publisher": "Public Radio Tulsa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.projectspringok.com/",
        "label": "Project Spring official developer website",
        "publisher": "White Rose Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://osagenews.org/proposed-sand-springs-data-center-raises-water-and-sovereignty-concerns/",
        "label": "Proposed Sand Springs Data Center raises water and sovereignty concerns",
        "publisher": "Osage News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Google is identified as the interested purchaser/end-user by Tulsa Flyer, Fox23, DCD and Public Radio Tulsa, but there is no standalone Google announcement for this site (developer White Rose Partners is titleholder) - hence confidence 'reported'. County: physical property is in Osage County (per the official project site and Osage News); the annexing City of Sand Springs is primarily Tulsa County, and the annexation lawsuit moved from Osage to Tulsa County court. Capacity: trackers allege 500+ MW but no primary source confirms it - omitted. Google's $9B Oklahoma commitment (Aug 2025) is a statewide figure, not project-specific. Up to 3 data-center buildings + one office building; construction targeted 2027, completion 2029 (developer). Jobs (~1,000 peak construction, ~50+ FTE/building) are developer projections. A ~$100M/25yr PILOT was cited by the city manager but no executed agreement is confirmed. Coordinates estimated from the site description (near HWY 97 / Rock School Rd), not geocoder-verified.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)",
      "notes": "PSO (Public Service Company of Oklahoma) to supply power via existing transmission crossing the property; developer states Google would fund a dedicated substation and new transmission at no cost to local ratepayers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Developer states initial phases use non-evaporative air cooling; water for domestic use only; future phases may evolve (projectspringok.com)."
    },
    "landAcres": 827,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Protect Sand Springs Alliance filed an annexation-challenge lawsuit (Jan 2026); Land Legacy filed a conservation-easement enforcement suit (Mar 2026) covering 270 of the 827 acres; a recall petition targets the City Council and mayor; Osage Nation raised mineral-estate sovereignty and consultation concerns."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-stillwater-ok",
    "name": "Google Stillwater Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.14,
      "lon": -97.06,
      "city": "Stillwater",
      "county": "Payne",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (OG&E) with clean energy PPAs",
    "announcedDate": "2025-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Google confirmed as applicant for Stillwater campus (400 acres, up to $3B, 6 buildings). Part of $9B Oklahoma investment.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Stillwater Planning Commission approves final plat 4-0 on November 13, 2025. Building permits for Lots 1 and 2 already approved; infrastructure work can begin.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-21",
        "note": "Google's Stillwater campus (Perkins & Richmond Roads) has moved from permitted into active construction: building permits for Lots 1 & 2 approved, first-phase 300,000 sq ft building underway and Richmond Road paving started, with the initial building targeted operational in 2026 — advancing from the Nov 2025 'construction go-ahead' permitted stage.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.okenergytoday.com/2025/11/construction-gets-go-ahead-for-stillwater-data-center/",
        "label": "Construction gets go-ahead for Google Stillwater data center",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-invest-9bn-in-cloud-and-ai-infrastructure-in-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Google to invest $9B in cloud and AI infrastructure in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thestillwegian.news/2025-storylines-big-tech-comes-to-town/",
        "label": "The Google Deal: Stillwater's Biggest Story of 2025",
        "publisher": "The Stillwegian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kfor.com/news/local/payne-county-commissioner-raises-water-concerns-over-planned-google-data-center-complex-in-stillwater/",
        "label": "Payne County commissioner raises water concerns over planned Google data center",
        "publisher": "KFOR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stwnewspress.com/news/update-stillwater-hoa-suing-google-over-claims-of-contamination-from-construction-site/article_350151c1-124a-405d-ad75-ca84c842556d.html",
        "label": "Stillwater HOA suing Google over claims of contamination from construction site",
        "publisher": "Stillwater News Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "Where are data centers being built across Oklahoma? (News 9 project tracker) — Google Stillwater construction underway",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV Oklahoma City)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/local-regional/2026-08-06/some-data-centers-are-building-their-own-power-plants-in-oklahoma-most-want-to-plug-into-the-grid",
        "label": "Some data centers are building their own power plants. In Oklahoma, most want to plug into the grid",
        "publisher": "Public Radio Tulsa / StateImpact Oklahoma",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Campus at intersection of Perkins Road and Richmond Road, north of Stillwater. Coordinates are approximate (city centroid shifted north). Up to 6 data center buildings, each 300,000 sq ft. Phase I targeted for 2027. City Council acceptance of final plat required before recording with Payne County Clerk. Job figures are projections (~30 permanent per phase; construction cited as 'thousands') - not recorded as confirmed counts. Oklahoma's Sec. 1357 data-center sales-tax exemption applies by statute but no Stillwater-specific award amount is published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "OG&E",
      "notes": "OGE filed Electric Service and Capacity Purchase Agreements with Oklahoma Corporation Commission. Google signed 700+ MW of new clean energy PPAs in Oklahoma (Rush Springs Solar and High Springs Solar via NextEra). OGE to power Stillwater plus two Muskogee campuses."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 2.7,
      "notes": "Planned (permitted; not yet operational): the first two buildings would use ~2.7 million gallons/day, rising toward ~8.1 MGD if all six are built (~20% of the city's daily supply), drawn from Kaw Lake (Stillwater holds 50 MGD in rights and uses ~7 MGD on average). Cooling mechanism not specified in public sources."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "25-year ad valorem (property-tax) exemption via a PILOT agreement with Stillwater/Payne County taxing jurisdictions (Stillwater Public Schools, Meridian Technology Center, Payne County, county health dept); PILOT payments rise 1%/yr, estimated ~$58.2M over 25 years for the first two phases",
        "jurisdiction": "Stillwater / Payne County, OK",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 400,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "All local taxing jurisdictions approved the 25-year incentive agreement, but Payne County Commissioner Rhonda Markum cast the lone dissenting vote, citing water and transparency concerns (officials were required to sign NDAs before learning project details). A Park View Estates homeowners association filed a civil suit in Payne County District Court against Google's Kipper LLC and its contractors over stormwater runoff/pollution from site grading.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Google  Data Center",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4572167,
      "lon": -119.5157991,
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — US locations",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/storey-county-nevada",
        "label": "Google Data Centers — Storey County, Nevada",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/storey-county-nevada/",
        "label": "Storey County, Nevada — Google Data Center Location",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://goed.nv.gov/newsroom/google-plans-to-invest-in-nevada-this-year/",
        "label": "Google Plans to Invest in Nevada This Year",
        "publisher": "Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Built in 2021 in the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center area; Google began powering the campus with geothermal energy in 2023. Google reports more than $6 billion invested in Nevada since this campus was built. Google publishes no street address — the coordinate is the Storey County centroid (approximate).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Google states it began using geothermal energy to power the Storey County data center campus in 2023, supplied through NV Energy under its enhanced-geothermal arrangement with Fervo Energy."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-the-dalles-or",
    "name": "Google The Dalles Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5975,
      "lon": -121.1776,
      "city": "The Dalles",
      "county": "Wasco",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (PacifiCorp) + Columbia River hydropower",
    "announcedDate": "2005",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2005",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2006",
        "note": "One of Google's earliest major data center campuses; expanded multiple times through 2023",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon#Google_data_centers",
        "label": "The Dalles, Oregon — Google data centers (Wikipedia)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/google/google-s-enormous-the-dalles-data-center",
        "label": "Google's enormous The Dalles data center — Data Center Knowledge",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/we-now-know-how-much-water-googles-oregon-data-centers-use-after-city-drops-lawsuit-against-journalists/",
        "label": "We now know how much water Google's Oregon data centers use — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thedalles.org/business/google_data_centers/ezandsipagreements.php",
        "label": "Enterprise Zone & Strategic Investment Program Agreements with Google — City of The Dalles",
        "publisher": "City of The Dalles, OR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mailtribune.com/news/happening-now/google-touts-1-8-billion-investment-in-the-dalles-data-center",
        "label": "Google touts $1.8 billion investment in The Dalles data center — Mail Tribune",
        "publisher": "Mail Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/northern-wasco-pud-supply-power-google-data-centers",
        "label": "Northern Wasco PUD to Supply Power to Google Data Centers — American Public Power Association",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.technostatecraft.com/p/how-google-is-reshaping-a-small-oregon",
        "label": "How Google is Reshaping a Small Oregon Town — Technostatecraft",
        "publisher": "Technostatecraft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/15/as-googles-water-demands-grow-the-dalles-aims-to-pull-more-from-mount-hood-forest/",
        "label": "As Google's water demands grow, The Dalles aims to pull more from Mount Hood forest",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/data-center-water-use-black-box-google-trying-to-change/",
        "label": "Data center water use can be a 'black box.' Google aims to change that",
        "publisher": "Latitude Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://waterwatch.org/googles-water-use-is-soaring-in-the-dalles-records-show-with-two-more-data-centers-to-come-2/",
        "label": "Google's water use is soaring in The Dalles, records show",
        "publisher": "WaterWatch of Oregon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/oregon/",
        "label": "The Dalles, Oregon — Google Data Center Location (Google's own site page)",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/hyperscalers/google-confirms-600-million-expansion-in-the-dalles",
        "label": "Google Confirms $600 Million Expansion in The Dalles — Data Center Knowledge (2013-09-26)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Northern Wasco County PUD",
      "notes": "Powered largely by Bonneville Power Administration Columbia River hydropower via Northern Wasco County PUD, supplemented by a 100+ MW wind PPA (Avangrid/Leaning Juniper IIB). Google claims a 100% renewable match."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 1.51,
      "notes": "City records released after a 2021–22 public-records lawsuit — which the city, funded by Google (>$100K), later dropped — show Google consumed 355.1M gallons in 2021 (~29% of The Dalles' total water use), up from 104.3M gallons in 2012. Google committed $28.5M to upgrade city water infrastructure."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Oregon Enterprise Zone (Wasco County) — 2005, 2013, and 2015 15-year property-tax abatement agreements; the city projects ~$45.78M in community payments over the 2013 and 2015 terms",
        "jurisdiction": "The Dalles / Wasco County, OR",
        "year": "2005/2013/2015",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "Oregon Strategic Investment Program (SIP) — 2021 agreement, 15-year abatement (payment amounts pending final valuation)",
        "jurisdiction": "The Dalles / Wasco County, OR",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1800000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 7
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The city sued The Oregonian/OregonLive (with Google funding >$100K) to block release of Google's water data, then settled in December 2022 and released a decade of records. Concerns span water (Yakama Nation fishers and Dog River endangered-fish habitat), school funding, and abatement scale; Oregon enacted a 2025–26 pause on new data-center incentives.",
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-the-dalles-port-river-road-or",
    "name": "Google The Dalles Data Center — 3500 River Road (Port of The Dalles)",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.62539,
      "lon": -121.20239,
      "city": "The Dalles",
      "county": "Wasco",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-whiting-turner-oregon-data-center/705938/",
        "label": "Google taps Whiting-Turner to build $600M Oregon data center — 'Design LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of tech giant Google, selected Baltimore-based Whiting-Turner Contracting Co. to build a $600 million data center in Wasco County, Oregon'; 290,000 square feet; contractor cleared to start construction per The Dalles Community Development Department filings dated Jan. 30, 2024",
        "publisher": "Construction Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://columbiacommunityconnection.com/the-dalles/google-making-moves-to-break-ground-on-first-new-data-center-in-the-dalles",
        "label": "Google makes move to break ground on new data center in The Dalles — site is 3500 River Road at the Port of The Dalles, a former aluminum smelter site; 290,000 sq ft; up to $600 million; described as 'the fourth such data center for Google in The Dalles'",
        "publisher": "Columbia Community Connection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/15/as-googles-water-demands-grow-the-dalles-aims-to-pull-more-from-mount-hood-forest/",
        "label": "As Google's water demands grow, The Dalles aims to pull more from Mount Hood forest — 'By 2024, a third of The Dalles' water went to Google's three local data center sites'; Google 'just built a data center building in 2025, and plans to complete another one this year'; Google employs about 200 people in The Dalles",
        "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the Construction Dive article (2026-09-10) about this $600M, 290,000 sq ft facility (Whiting-Turner as general contractor); it covers only project economics and site-selection rationale ('energy infrastructure, developable land and available workforce'). No community reaction, hearing, or official statement documented in this source -- despite The Dalles being a site with an extensively documented history of Google water-use controversy in past years, none of that appears in this particular article, so it is not reflected here.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Enterprise zone property tax abatement (long-term rural enterprise zone) plus one-time community payment"
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-west-memphis-ar",
    "name": "Google West Memphis Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.156,
      "lon": -90.175,
      "city": "West Memphis",
      "county": "Crittenden",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Google (operating via subsidiary Groot LLC) identified as buyer of parcels in West Memphis purchased late 2024",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Official groundbreaking ceremony October 2, 2025; five large-scale data center buildings plus substation and support infrastructure planned",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasedc.com/news-events/newsroom/detail/2025/10/02/google-locating-new-data-center-in-west-memphis--arkansas-with-multi-billion-dollar-investment",
        "label": "Google Locating New Data Center in West Memphis, Arkansas with Multi-Billion Dollar Investment",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Economic Development Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arkansasadvocate.com/2025/10/02/google-state-and-local-officials-mark-start-of-4-billion-ai-data-center-in-west-memphis/",
        "label": "Google, state and local officials mark start of $4 billion AI data center in West Memphis",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Advocate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/sep/03/googles-contribution-was-at-issue-in-arkansas/",
        "label": "Google's contribution was at issue in Arkansas regulators' review of Entergy contract",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/arkansas-utility-seeks-approval-of-1-4gwh-hybrid-bess-with-financial-support-from-google-as-part-of-data-centre-deal/",
        "label": "Arkansas utility seeks approval of 1.4GWh hybrid BESS, with financial support from Google as part of data centre deal",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Campus on Bolliger Road, West Memphis. Coordinates approximate for the Bolliger Road industrial area. $4B is Phase 1 through 2027; total planned investment is $10B, which would be the largest private capital investment in Arkansas history. Five data center buildings on 920-acre campus footprint within a 1,178-acre site (per U.S. Army Corps of Engineers filing). Fixes: (1) removed unsourced 5,000 construction jobs figure — AEDC states only 'thousands'; (2) corrected energy.source from 'solar' to 'grid' — facility draws from Entergy Arkansas; Arkansas Cypress Solar is a companion renewable project; (3) corrected landAcres from 1,200 to 1,178 per Army Corps filing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy Arkansas",
      "notes": "Powered by Entergy Arkansas grid supply; Google committed to develop a companion 600 MW Arkansas Cypress Solar project in Jefferson County with 350 MW battery storage to offset energy consumption; Google covering all energy costs; $25M Energy Impact Fund for local efficiency and weatherization"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Graywater plant planned to reuse water for equipment cooling"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Payment-In-Lieu-Of-Taxes (PILOT) – personal property tax abatement",
        "jurisdiction": "Arkansas / Crittenden County",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Sales and use tax exemption – Act 548 (Generating Arkansas Jobs Act of 2025)",
        "jurisdiction": "Arkansas",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 1178,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "West Memphis mayor and Governor Sanders actively supportive; Google committed $25M Energy Impact Fund and $1M for AI training at University of Arkansas and Arkansas State University",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-wilbarger-vernon-tx",
    "name": "Google Wilbarger County Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.1551,
      "lon": -99.294,
      "city": "Vernon",
      "county": "Wilbarger",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Google announced a new air-cooled data center in Wilbarger County in a 'power-first' initiative with AES",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/infrastructure-and-cloud/global-network/data-center-wilbarger-county/",
        "label": "A new data center in Wilbarger County, Texas",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Air-cooled data center near Vernon, Wilbarger County — a Google/AES 'power-first' initiative. Part of Google's broader Texas expansion. IT capacity not disclosed. Coordinates are the Vernon area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "'Power-first' initiative with AES; air-cooled."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "google-winding-woods-st-george-sc",
    "name": "Google Winding Woods Campus",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1843,
      "lon": -80.5793,
      "city": "St. George",
      "county": "Dorchester",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Google's second South Carolina campus, in Winding Woods Commerce Park, St. George (Dorchester County); part of a $9B SC investment",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-invest-9bn-in-south-carolina-data-centers/",
        "label": "Google to invest $9bn in South Carolina data centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-winding-woods",
        "label": "Baxtel — Google: Winding Woods Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Google's second SC campus, in Winding Woods Commerce Park, St. George, Dorchester County; part of a $9B South Carolina investment (statewide figure — not a single-campus capex). Distinct from Google's Ridgeville, SC campus. IT capacity not disclosed. Coordinates are the St. George area centroid. FLAG FOR HUMAN REVIEW, not a confirmed no-change: same Dorchester County 'opens 2024' milestone as flagged on google-ridgeville-sc -- see that record's note for the full reasoning; it applies identically here since St. George/Winding Woods and Ridgeville are both in Dorchester County and the source does not disambiguate. No water/cooling, address, investmentUsd, jobs, or subsidies data was found for this site despite the same targeted checks described on google-ridgeville-sc (Santee Cooper newsroom/generation-projects/board-meetings/IRP/economic-development, SC Governor's newsroom, SC Commerce newsroom, scbiz.com, Post and Courier, Live5/WCSC, ABCNews4/WCIV, SC PSC docket system, Dorchester County's own site [403], and web.archive.org [429 rate-limited on every attempt this run]). Google's own site's '$13B invested in South Carolina since 2007' and 'Google signs 225-megawatt renewable energy deal' (2023) figures are both explicitly NOT attributed to any single facility by the source itself, so per the hard rule against guessed attribution I am not assigning either to this record's investmentUsd or capacityMw/energy fields.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "landAcres": 206,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "gouldsboro-project-gold-clifton-covington-lackawanna-pa",
    "name": "Gouldsboro Data Center Campus (Project Gold)",
    "operator": "1778 Rich Pike LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.195,
      "lon": -75.595,
      "city": "Clifton Township",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-03",
        "note": "Zoning settlement approved by Clifton Township supervisors; developer to build five two-story data center buildings across three campuses.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvia.org/news/local/2026-01-03/clifton-twp-supervisors-settle-with-data-center-developer-residents-promise-litigation",
        "label": "Clifton Twp. Supervisors settle with data center developer, residents promise litigation",
        "publisher": "WVIA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/pennsylvania",
        "label": "Data Centers in Pennsylvania — Project List & Locations (Gouldsboro Data Center, 1778 Rich Pike LLC, Lackawanna, 1,500 MW planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Five two-story data center buildings across three campuses in Clifton and Covington townships along Route 380, on roughly 390 acres of Clifton Road properties plus a 144-acre parcel at Routes 611 and 380. The settlement raised the permitted height from 35 to 65 feet (80 feet with rooftop equipment), requires technology reducing backup generator counts, and commits the developer to abandon nuclear and cycle gas-fired generation on the southeast campus. landAcres omitted because the source gives parcel-by-parcel acreage rather than a campus total.",
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Clifton Township supervisors unanimously approved a zoning settlement with the developer on January 3, 2026 after the developer appealed a zoning board decision on November 26, 2025; residents said they plan to take the supervisors to court. An earlier settlement was rejected in September 2025.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "grand-river-power-hamlin-township-mi",
    "name": "Grand River Power Company Smithville Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "Grand River Power Company",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4996675,
      "lon": -84.6291791,
      "city": "Eaton Rapids",
      "county": "Eaton",
      "street": "Smithville Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Bitcoin storage and processing trailer became operational around late September 2025; it had been added earlier in 2025 without notifying township officials.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Hamlin Township issued a cease-and-desist order on 2025-10-01.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkar.org/wkar-news/2025-11-19/cease-and-desist-issued-to-bitcoin-mining-site-in-eaton-county-over-noise-complaints",
        "label": "Cease-and-desist issued to Bitcoin mining site in Eaton County over noise complaints",
        "publisher": "WKAR Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Small-scale mine: a bitcoin storage and processing trailer with mining fans, adjacent to the Smithville Dam on Smithville Road in Hamlin Township. Capacity: NO megawatt or hashrate figure is stated in the source, so capacityMw is omitted. Zoning at the time of the order was 'limited agricultural' — i.e. the installation was made without township notification, which is why status is 'operational' but the site has no permit. No water, investment, jobs or incentive figures stated. Coordinates are Nominatim's match for Smithville Dam, the landmark the source uses to locate the site; the parcel itself is not confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "City of Eaton Rapids",
      "notes": "Source states the trailer was connected by the city of Eaton Rapids, the municipal electric provider. The mine sits adjacent to the Smithville Dam on the Grand River and the operator is named Grand River Power Company, but the source does NOT state that the mine is powered by the dam's hydro output, so no hydro attribution is made here."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Neighbours reported an all-day high-pitched noise once the facility became operational. Hamlin Township issued a cease-and-desist order on 2025-10-01 and scheduled a 2025-12-03 public hearing on rezoning the parcel from limited agricultural to industrial; if rezoned, the company would still have to obtain a conditional use permit and mitigate noise, options named including a sound wall or enclosing the facility in a building.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "grande-prairie-wind-holt-ne",
    "name": "Grande Prairie Wind Farm",
    "operator": "BHE Renewables",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5607,
      "lon": -98.4443,
      "county": "Holt",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2016",
        "note": "Commissioned; Global Energy Monitor and the Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment both record a 2016 online date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Grande_Prairie_wind_farm",
        "label": "Grande Prairie wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Nebraska's largest operating wind farm by nameplate capacity. Nebraska DWEE lists it at 400 MW in Holt County near O'Neill, owned by BHE Renewables, online 2016; Global Energy Monitor agrees on owner, capacity and year and supplies the coordinates.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "grandilla-foot-creek-491st-thomas-tonopah-az",
    "name": "491st Avenue and Thomas Road Data Center / Solar Site",
    "operator": "Grandilla (Arizona) Inc. and Foot Creek Corporation",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.481,
      "lon": -113.134,
      "city": "Tonopah",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02-18",
        "note": "Maricopa County Board of Supervisors approved the comprehensive plan amendment (Rural Development Area to Utilities) and rezoning from Rural-43 to Light Industrial (IND-2) with an Industrial Unit Plan Overlay.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/maricopa-county-board-approves-rezoning-for-638-acre-data-center-solar-site/",
        "label": "Maricopa County Board Approves Rezoning for 638-Acre Data Center/Solar Site",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Northeast corner of 491st Avenue and Thomas Road near Tonopah. Concept is nine industrial buildings of roughly 250,000 sq ft each, about 2.25 million sq ft total, plus solar and BESS. No formal development plan is on file; the applicant describes phased build-out sequenced to market demand, with initial development over the southern portion of the property.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Approved uses include on-site solar power generation and battery energy storage alongside the data center campus. No MW figures disclosed."
    },
    "landAcres": 638,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "granite-renewables-logan-county-co",
    "name": "Granite Renewables Logan County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Granite Renewables",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6255415,
      "lon": -103.207709,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Logan",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-17",
        "note": "Developer began meeting Logan County officials in late summer/early fall 2025; no formal application had been submitted at the time of reporting.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://pagosadailypost.com/2025/12/17/big-pivots-massive-data-center-slated-for-northeastern-colorado-part-one/",
        "label": "BIG PIVOTS: Massive Data Center Slated for Northeastern Colorado? Part One",
        "publisher": "Pagosa Daily Post (Big Pivots)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bigpivots.com/geaing-up-for-data-centers/",
        "label": "Gearing up for data centers",
        "publisher": "Big Pivots",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Proposed hyperscale campus roughly 21 miles northwest of Sterling, 8-10 miles from the Nebraska border, discussed as up to 2 GW on about 4,000 acres. A $15 billion figure was attributed to a speaker describing investment across the corridor between Sterling and the Nebraska border, so it is deliberately NOT recorded as this site's investment. Coordinates are the Sterling town centroid (approximate); the site itself is northwest of town and has no confirmed parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Developer describes combining solar farms, battery storage and modular gas units with cooperative grid power; the serving cooperative is a member of Tri-State Generation and Transmission. Major natural gas lines run parallel to Interstate 80 within about 30 miles, in nearby Nebraska."
    },
    "landAcres": 4000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Logan County declared a moratorium on data centers, battery storage, solar and wind development in October 2025 while it wrote regulations; planning-commission recommendations went to the county commissioners on 2026-01-06. Existing wind farms add roughly $2.5 million a year to the county tax base.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "grant-town-power-plant-crypto-mine-marion-county-wv",
    "name": "Grant Town Power Plant Cryptocurrency Mining Containers",
    "operator": "Undisclosed operator (Grant Town Power Plant site; plant operated by American Bituminous Power Partners for owner Horizon Ventures)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.560277,
      "lon": -80.162893,
      "city": "Grant Town",
      "county": "Marion",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-16",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04-16",
        "note": "Times West Virginian identified two apparent mining containers on the plant premises via satellite and reverse-image search; no company confirmed the operation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.timeswv.com/news/local_news/grant-town-power-plant-believed-to-be-mining-cryptocurrency-in-marion-county/article_a13502ed-4c9e-4589-8608-383e7b9d8bc3.html",
        "label": "Grant Town Power Plant believed to be mining cryptocurrency in Marion County",
        "publisher": "Times West Virginian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Grant_Town_Power_Plant",
        "label": "Grant Town Power Plant — Global Energy Monitor (coordinates, 95.7 MW waste-coal unit, 2021 crypto conversion proposal)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "DELIBERATELY LOW CONFIDENCE. The only evidence is a April 16, 2026 Times West Virginian report identifying two containers on the plant premises that appear to match the BIT-Ram Mighty POD, a 30-foot containerised mining unit, via Google satellite imagery and reverse image search. Counsel for AMBIT, the plant manager and owner Horizon Ventures all declined to comment or did not respond. The paper also reports AMBIT billed American Projects Development nearly $6 million in March 2026 for \"640 MWh Power use\" against a Mon Power PPA covering 80 MW. Context: the WV PSC rejected a 2021–22 American Bituminous proposal to exit its Mon Power contract in order to monetise the plant through cryptocurrency mining. No capacity is recorded — container counts are not a sourced megawatt figure. Do not promote this record's confidence without a named operator or a filing.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "grda-grand-river-energy-center-unit-4-ok",
    "name": "Grand River Energy Center Unit 4",
    "operator": "Grand River Dam Authority",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1906497,
      "lon": -95.2907489,
      "city": "Chouteau",
      "county": "Mayes",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 426
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-09",
        "note": "Unit dedicated September 9, 2026; GRDA gave an in-service date of September 16, 2026 — two days after this record was compiled, so the unit is not yet recorded as operational.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://okenergytoday.com/2026/09/oklahomas-largest-public-power-electric-utility-dedicates-new-525-million-project/",
        "label": "Oklahoma's largest public power electric utility dedicates new $525 million project",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Grand+River+Energy+Center&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim record for Grand River Energy Center, Mayes County, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are OSM's point for the Grand River Energy Center, marked approximate — OSM's address line associates the site with Pryor Creek while the dedication coverage locates it at Chouteau; the city recorded here follows the news source. Status is 'under_construction' rather than 'operational' only because the stated in-service date (2026-09-16) falls after this record's compile date; it should be flipped once in service.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA)",
      "notes": "Simple-cycle natural gas combustion turbine, described as hydrogen-capable."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 525000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "SCOPE CAVEAT: this is GRDA system generation, not a behind-the-meter plant dedicated to a single campus. It is recorded because GRDA is the supplying utility for the tracked Google Pryor campus and the MidAmerica Industrial Park data center cluster, and because the dedication coverage explicitly frames the unit against rising demand \"especially as data centers and major companies that use a lot of electricity continue to grow.\" No offtaker or poweredFacilityIds are set, because no compute customer is named as the buyer. A maintainer may reasonably judge this out of scope."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "great-lakes-colocation-lake-park-ia",
    "name": "Great Lakes Colocation Data Center",
    "operator": "Great Lakes Communication",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.455556,
      "lon": -95.3207429,
      "city": "Lake Park",
      "county": "Dickinson County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Operator advertises an N+1 colocation facility in Lake Park, Iowa with dual generators, redundant chillers and free-air cooling; Business Record records the company's data center as in service since 2011 with 9,000 sq ft.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://greatlakescolocation.com/contact-us/",
        "label": "Contact Great Lakes: Advanced Colocation Services in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Great Lakes Communication",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://greatlakescolocation.com/facility/",
        "label": "State-of-the-Art Reliability & Security - Great Lakes Colocation",
        "publisher": "Great Lakes Communication",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "The operator states that for security reasons the facility's exact address is not publicly disclosed, and places it in Lake Park; its corporate office is 1501 35th Ave W, Spencer. Business Record lists the data center against the Spencer corporate address (9,000 sq ft, in service 2011), so the two sources disagree on which town holds the building. Coordinates are the Lake Park municipal centroid and are approximate accordingly. Cooling type is inferred from the operator's own description of a chilled, recirculating plant, per the recirculating-circuit tie-breaker.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator describes redundant chillers plus redundant compressors supporting free-air cooling, with hot/cold aisle separation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "greeley-wind-nebraska-greeley-ne",
    "name": "Greeley Wind Nebraska",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5487,
      "lon": -98.5308,
      "county": "Greeley",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 115
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02-04",
        "note": "NPPD board agenda records the project as fully permitted by Greeley County with an executed interconnection agreement; a 30-year PPA resolution was recommended for adoption, with a December 2027 commercial operation date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://docs.nppd.com/FileDownload.aspx?Filename=Board%2F2026%2FFebruary4.pdf",
        "label": "Action on Resolutions for Renewable Power Purchase Agreement Projects — NPPD Board of Directors, February 2026",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.project.nexteraenergyresources.com/greeley-wind",
        "label": "Greeley Wind project page",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "115 MW nameplate wind project in Greeley County with a 30-year NPPD offtake and a December 2027 commercial operation date. NextEra's own page gives the 250-construction-job and landowner/tax figures but no turbine count or site boundary, so coordinates are a county-level approximation anchored on Greeley Center and must not be read as a project footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "Nebraska Public Power District",
      "notes": "NPPD's board considered a 30-year power purchase agreement for the project in February 2026. NPPD records the project as fully permitted by Greeley County with a generator interconnection agreement already executed, holding a 2017 SPP queue position, and states that the megawatt-hours would be eligible for NPPD's Green Energy Product auction."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "offtaker": "Nebraska Public Power District",
      "notes": "Owned by Greeley Wind Nebraska, a NextEra Energy Resources subsidiary. NextEra estimates $27 million in payments to Greeley County landowners and about $19 million in county tax revenue over the project's first 30 years."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "green-data-socorro-county-nm",
    "name": "Green Data Socorro Campus",
    "operator": "Green Data (Green Data Centers)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0584,
      "lon": -106.8914,
      "city": "Socorro",
      "county": "Socorro",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Green Data CEO Jason Bak pitched a 2 GW data center backed by a 10 GW solar array on New Mexico Tech land at a public Socorro Electric Cooperative board meeting.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06-02",
        "note": "New Mexico Tech President Michael Jackson said the university would not proceed and would not renew or extend its agreement with Green Data, citing insufficient contiguous acreage, renewable-integration challenges and community concerns.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/plans-for-10000-acre-data-center-scrapped-in-socorro-new-mexico/",
        "label": "Plans for 10,000 acre data center scrapped in Socorro, New Mexico",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/06/10/new-mexico-county-adopts-yearlong-data-center-moratorium/",
        "label": "New Mexico county adopts yearlong data center moratorium",
        "publisher": "Source New Mexico",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/news/developer-plans-worlds-largest-green-data-center-in-socorro/3023420",
        "label": "Developer plans 'world's largest' green data center in Socorro",
        "publisher": "El Defensor Chieftain / Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Never permitted or built. New Mexico Tech declined to proceed on June 2, 2026 and the county imposed a moratorium a week later; the developer subsequently pursued a separate proposal at Spaceport America in Sierra County. Neither Green Data nor CEO Jason Bak has previously completed a data center.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 10000,
      "notes": "Developer proposed a 10 GW solar farm to power the 2 GW campus, pitched as a renewable-led development."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Developer proposed 'atmospheric water generation' to pull cooling water from humidity rather than local aquifers; residents contested whether the technology is proven at this scale."
    },
    "landAcres": 10000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Months of opposition from ranchers and environmentalists; petitions drew thousands of signatures and Socorro County commissioners unanimously adopted a one-year data center moratorium on June 9, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "green-data-spaceport-america-sierra-county-nm",
    "name": "Green Data Spaceport America Data Center",
    "operator": "Green Data / Aetherion Inc.",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9903,
      "lon": -106.9698,
      "county": "Sierra",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-20",
        "note": "Public records surfaced a State Land Office sublease application, signed by Spaceport America director Scott McLaughlin in February 2026, to rent land to Green Data developer Aetherion Inc. for $176,400 annually; the application remains under review by the Commissioner of Public Lands.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-03",
        "note": "The NM State Land Office rejected the Aetherion/Green Data sublease proposal at Spaceport America on 2026-09-03, and Land Commissioner Stephanie Garcia Richard ruled Sierra County's 2026-07-21 data-center moratorium applies to Spaceport activity despite it sitting on state trust land. Spaceport's executive director Scott McLaughlin said the facility will honor the decision. The developer (Jason Bak) did not respond to comment and left the door open to a future proposal once moratoria expire, but this specific sublease proposal is dead as of this report.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dchieftain.com/news/spaceport-america-data-center-proposal-sparks-curiosity/3086213",
        "label": "Spaceport America data center proposal sparks curiosity",
        "publisher": "El Defensor Chieftain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/07/22/new-mexico-county-adopts-data-center-moratorium-as-residents-protest-spaceport-proposal/",
        "label": "New Mexico county adopts data center moratorium as residents protest Spaceport proposal",
        "publisher": "Source New Mexico",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/news/developer-plans-worlds-largest-green-data-center-in-socorro/3023420",
        "label": "Developer plans 'world's largest' green data center in Socorro (Spaceport America companion-project detail)",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/news/spaceport-america-data-center-proposal-sparks-curiosity/3084192",
        "label": "Spaceport America in talks with Green Data for data center project in Sierra County",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/mexico-land-commissioner-shoots-down-203041426.html",
        "label": "New Mexico land commissioner shoots down Canadian data center company's pitch at Spaceport America",
        "publisher": "Source New Mexico (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/news/sierra-county-enacts-18-month-data-center-moratorium/3086595",
        "label": "Sierra County enacts 18-month data center moratorium in surprise vote",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sited on state trust land inside Spaceport America's 18,000-acre lease outside Truth or Consequences. Current plan would occupy 21 acres within the horizontal launch area, possibly plus 30 additional acres. Spaceport America says discussions with Green Data have been ongoing since 2021 and that the project 'is not a relocation of the Socorro proposal'; only 'limited planning agreements' are in effect. Capacity has not been disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Proposal pairs on-site solar generation and battery storage covering 'a substantial portion' of demand with a utility connection; the developer's stated objective is to offset annual grid purchases with on-site renewable generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Proposed closed-loop system: ~30,300 gallon initial fill, ~15,300 gallons/year (~42 gal/day) makeup water. No water source had been identified or validated as of Aug 2026."
    },
    "landAcres": 21,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents organized as 'Project Consequences'; the Sierra County Commission unanimously converted a resolution into an 18-month data center moratorium on July 21, 2026. No lease, sublease, construction or development agreement has been executed. On 2026-09-03 NM State Land Commissioner Stephanie Garcia Richard formally rejected the Aetherion sublease and ruled the county moratorium applies to Spaceport America despite it being state trust land — “Simply put, I will not be approving any data centers, including the proposed Aetherion sublease at Spaceport America” (see source 4). That rejection is why this record is now `cancelled`.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "green-digital-harrison-ar",
    "name": "Green Digital Harrison Mine (proposed, withdrawn)",
    "operator": "Green Digital LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2298,
      "lon": -93.1077,
      "city": "Harrison",
      "county": "Boone",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ozarksfirst.com/news/arkansas/fate-of-crypto-mining-facility-deferred-to-harrison-city-council-vote/",
        "label": "Fate of crypto mining facility deferred to Harrison City Council vote",
        "publisher": "OzarksFirst / KOLR-KOZL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ky3.com/2023/11/29/harrison-ark-city-council-votes-remove-moratorium-crypto-mining-center-during-special-meeting/",
        "label": "Harrison Ark., City Council votes to remove moratorium on crypto mining center during special meeting",
        "publisher": "KY3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/arkansas-lawmakers-grapple-with-cryptomining-concerns-as-right-to-mine-bill-comes-under-fire-department-commerce-bitcoin-green-digital-harrison-metahash-senator-bryan-king-economic-development-commission-entergy-blockchain-council-chinese-communist-party",
        "label": "Arkansas lawmakers grapple with cryptomining concerns as 'Right to Mine' bill under fire",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Same operator (Green Digital LLC) that later became NewRays One in Bono. Harrison's Planning Commission had to relocate a May 2023 meeting to a large auditorium to accommodate hundreds of residents opposing the conditional-use permit; the commission forwarded the application to City Council rather than deciding outright, and Green Digital withdrew the application before a council vote. Harrison's City Council separately voted in Nov 2023 to remove a blanket moratorium on crypto-mining facilities (a general zoning move, not a reinstatement of this specific project).",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "green-energy-ventures-king-george-technology-center-va",
    "name": "King George Technology Center",
    "operator": "Green Energy Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.250254083928,
      "lon": -77.29011580291154,
      "city": "King George",
      "county": "King George",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "352 acres (40 already industrial-zoned) in the Route 3 West Settlement Area, bordering Stafford; rezoning pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fxbgadvance.com/p/green-energy-ventures-presents-its",
        "label": "Green Energy Ventures presents King George Technology Center",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Advance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kinggeorgecountyva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/24172/92625-Proffers-Revised-after-Supervisor-Meeting-Clean---GEV",
        "label": "King George County official Parcels GIS layer — Tax Map 21 Parcels 49 & 73, Tax Map 22 Parcels 46A & 49A, per the county's own voluntary proffer statement",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kinggeorgetechnologycenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/12.12.25-Clean-Proffers-GEV.pdf",
        "label": "King George Technology Center Voluntary Proffer Statement (Dec 12, 2025)",
        "publisher": "Green Energy Ventures / J2 Engineers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "352 acres (40 already industrial-zoned) in the Route 3 West Settlement Area, bordering Stafford; rezoning pending.",
    "landAcres": 352,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "At a Dec. 10, 2024 Planning Commission meeting, commissioners withheld support pending more detail, saying they 'don't want to see GEV's application go the way of Amazon's,' and required specifics on diesel-generator/fuel-tank siting, traffic, and economic impact before advancing; as of the Jan.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "greenidge-columbus-ms",
    "name": "Columbus Bitcoin Mining Facility (formerly Greenidge Columbus)",
    "operator": "LM Funding America, Inc. (Power & Compute)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4957,
      "lon": -88.4273,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Lowndes",
      "street": "249 Datco Industrial Road",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-03-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "CORRECTION: this record currently describes Greenidge Generation's own project as cancelled/divested, but the 11 MW site itself did not go dark -- it changed hands and is operating. Greenidge sold the Columbus, MS facility (per this record's own existing SEC/Business Wire sources, closed on or about 2025-09-16/17); LM Funding America, Inc. (now rebranded 'Power & Compute') announced closing its acquisition of the same 11 MW site plus ~7.5 MW / 157 PH/s of operating hashrate (~2,300 Bitmain S19-series miners) on 2025-09-18 for $4.0M total consideration, at power pricing of ~$0.036/kWh, with stated plans to fill the remaining ~3.5 MW. Status should read operational under the new operator (LM Funding America, Inc. / Power & Compute), not cancelled. Re-attempted geocoding of 249 Datco Industrial Road this run: both US Census and OSM Nominatim again failed to resolve the street (re-confirming a prior agent's result) -- no independent coordinate correction is possible, so the existing city-centroid pin is left unchanged.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1844971/000184497124000010/ex991pressrelease3-11x2024.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Announces Expansion of Power Capacity with 40 MW of Low-Cost Power in Key Territories",
        "publisher": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. (SEC 8-K exhibit)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1844971/000162828025051859/gree-20250930.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. Form 10-Q, Q3 FY2025",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250917929642/en/Greenidge-Generation-Closes-Sale-of-its-Mississippi-Bitcoin-Mining-Facility",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Closes Sale of its Mississippi Bitcoin Mining Facility",
        "publisher": "Business Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1844971/000162828025038430/gree-20250801.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. Form 8-K, August 1, 2025 — Asset Purchase Agreement with US Digital Mining Mississippi LLC",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-compute.com/investors/news-events/press-releases/detail/168/lm-funding-america-closes-acquisition-of-11-mw-site-and",
        "label": "LM Funding America Closes Acquisition of 11 MW Site and Miners in Columbus Mississippi for $4.0 Million",
        "publisher": "LM Funding America, Inc. (Power & Compute)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2025-09",
    "notes": "12-acre parcel at 249 Datco Industrial Road, Columbus (Lowndes County), MS, bought April 2024 for $1.45M, announced Mar 11 2024 alongside the North Dakota lease. Built with Greenidge's modular 'Pod X' design; live July 1, 2024 (7 MW self-mining per SEC filings). Sold via APA (closed Sept 16, 2025) for $4.2M to US Digital Mining Mississippi LLC, a subsidiary of LM Funding America (Nasdaq: LMFA). Greenidge fully divested on 2025-09-16; the site did NOT go dark. LM Funding America, Inc. (since rebranded Power & Compute) closed its acquisition of the 11 MW site plus ~7.5 MW / 157 PH/s of operating hashrate on 2025-09-18 for $4.0M, and the facility is operational under that operator. Record renamed and operator updated 2026-09-13 to match; the id is retained for stability. (Greenidge separately still owns an UNRELATED 34-acre Columbus greenfield site for a future AI/HPC datacenter - not this record.)",
    "investmentUsd": 1450000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "greenidge-generating-station-torrey-ny",
    "name": "Greenidge Generating Station",
    "operator": "Greenidge Generation LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6836,
      "lon": -76.9553,
      "city": "Dresden",
      "county": "Yates",
      "street": "590 Plant Road",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 107
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-06",
        "note": "NYSDEC denied renewal of the plant's Title V air permit on June 30, 2022, finding renewal \"would be inconsistent with or would interfere with the attainment of the Statewide greenhouse gas (GHG) emission limits established in Article 75\"; the plant continued operating through the appeal.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/administration_pdf/greenidgefinal630.pdf",
        "label": "Notice of Denial of Title V Air Permit - Greenidge Generation LLC, Greenidge Generating Station (DEC ID 8-5736-00004/00017), June 30, 2022",
        "publisher": "New York State Department of Environmental Conservation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nysfocus.com/2021/04/13/new-york-bitcoin-mining-threat",
        "label": "A New Threat to New York's Clean Energy Goals: Bitcoin Mining",
        "publisher": "New York Focus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.amny.com/news/ai-data-centers-big-tech-coming-new-york/",
        "label": "Wave of Big Tech's AI data centers are coming for New York",
        "publisher": "amNewYork",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "NET-NEW as a power_generation record; the dataset currently has ZERO power_generation rows for New York. This is the generating plant itself, deliberately separate from the existing crypto_mining row greenidge-generation-dresden-ny, which covers the co-located mining load - the two are linked via generation.poweredFacilityIds. ADJUDICATION NOTE: if the maintainer prefers one combined row per site, this record is the duplicate to drop. Address geocoded from the address DEC's letter is directed to (590 Plant Road, Dresden, NY 14441); DEC places the facility in the Town of Torrey, Yates County, and county is recorded bare as 'Yates'. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): the denial letter states no water withdrawal volume, no investment figure, no acreage, no job count, and no subsidy agreement. NOT recorded because not verified in this run: reporting indicates the denial was overturned in 2024 and settled in November 2025 with DEC agreeing to issue a permit - that later history is already the basis of the existing crypto row's cited DEC statement and was not re-fetched here.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 139,
      "notes": "Reported as approximately 139 million gallons of water drawn daily from Seneca Lake for cooling at the refurbished coal-plant site. This is a reported withdrawal volume for the generating station's cooling circuit, not a consumptive-use figure, and coolingType is deliberately left unset — the source describes a once-through lake intake, which none of the enum's values (evaporative / air / closed_loop / hybrid) accurately names."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "PILOT (payment-in-lieu-of-taxes) agreements, power plant and 4.6-mile gas pipeline (Yates County IDA)",
        "amountUsd": 146150,
        "jurisdiction": "Yates County / Town of Torrey / Penn Yan Central School District, NY",
        "year": "2020",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The Title V denial drew \"approximately 4,000 public comments\" during the September 8, 2021 - November 19, 2021 comment period and was litigated for years afterward.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Greenidge Generation LLC (on-site proof-of-work cryptocurrency mining)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "greenidge-generation-dresden-ny"
      ],
      "notes": "NYSDEC's denial letter describes the plant as \"a primarily natural gas-fired electric generating facility with a 107 megawatt (MW) capacity located in the Town of Torrey, Yates County\" and documents the behind-the-meter split it reported: \"in 2019 the Facility provided 7,812 MW-hours (MWh) to behind-the-meter PoW blockchain technology services... as compared to 61,232\" MWh to the grid, rising so that \"in 2021, 54.9% of the Facility's generation served behind-the-meter PoW cryptocurrency mining operations.\" The plant originally operated as coal-fired."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "greenidge-generation-dresden-ny",
    "name": "Greenidge Generation",
    "operator": "Greenidge Generation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.679134,
      "lon": -76.948604,
      "city": "Dresden",
      "county": "Yates",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 106
    },
    "poweredBy": "Behind-the-meter natural gas generation at the plant itself (not grid-drawn)",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dec.ny.gov/news/press-releases/2025/11/dec-statement-regarding-the-greenidge-agreement",
        "label": "DEC Statement Regarding the Greenidge Agreement",
        "publisher": "NY Dept. of Environmental Conservation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rochesterbeacon.com/2025/11/11/dec-signs-agreement-with-greenidge-ends-legal-battle/",
        "label": "DEC Signs Agreement With Greenidge, Ends Legal Battle",
        "publisher": "Rochester Beacon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2024/another-decision-upholds-denial-of-cryptominer-greenidge-generations-air-permit-dec-case-closed",
        "label": "Another Decision Upholds Denial of Cryptominer Greenidge Generation's Air Permit",
        "publisher": "Earthjustice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.weny.com/news/nys-dec-greenidge-generation-reach-settlement-dec-will-issue-title-v-air-permit/article_7ee47706-7d4c-4c5a-bb03-98b74d9700bf.html",
        "label": "NYS DEC, Greenidge Generation Reach Settlement; DEC Will Issue Title V Air Permit",
        "publisher": "WENY News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "590 Plant Road, Dresden, NY — the flagship New York crypto-mining regulatory case, having driven the state's 2022 moratorium law and a multi-year DEC Title V air-permit fight (DEC denial 2022, upheld in court 2024). Resolved via a DEC settlement agreement dated November 2025: DEC will issue a Title V permit modification, and Greenidge commits to a 44% reduction in permitted GHG emissions (>282,000 tons CO2e/year) and a minimum 25% reduction in actual emissions, with no emissions increase allowed during the renewed permit term. The permit modification still requires a public comment period before DEC issues a final decision, so this should be read as resolved-in-principle, not fully closed. Coordinates are a town-level geocode of the Dresden address, not a confirmed parcel pin. DELIBERATELY NO fields. Two attractive-looking values were NOT recorded, both for sourcing reasons. (1) water: the 139 MGD withdrawal figure is an advocacy-group spokesperson's characterisation of a permit, not the permit; and it describes the POWER PLANT's once-through lake cooling, which the coolingType enum (evaporative/air/closed_loop/hybrid) cannot express and which is not the data hall's heat rejection. Reading the SPDES permit directly is the right next step. (2) jobs: '40 to 50 full-time jobs' is a range attributed to the company second-hand. Flagging both for adjudication rather than guessing. The Greenidge crypto-mining operation runs behind-the-meter at the same Torrey/Dresden power plant covered by this Yates County IDA PILOT (same source as reported against greenidge-generating-station-torrey-ny). Reporting it for both facility records with this caveat -- hand review may prefer to attribute it solely to the power_generation record instead. SUBSIDY ATTRIBUTION NOTE (maintainer adjudication 2026-09-10): the Yates County IDA PILOT agreements totalling $146,150 paid across the three taxing jurisdictions in 2020 cover the POWER PLANT and its 4.6-mile gas pipeline, and are recorded on greenidge-generating-station-torrey-ny. They are deliberately not duplicated onto this crypto-mining record, which runs behind the meter at the same Torrey/Dresden site, so the abatement is not counted twice.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Converted coal-then-gas power plant on the western shore of Seneca Lake; nameplate capacity is reported as both 106 MW and 107 MW (DEC-permitted) across sources — recorded here as 106 MW nameplate, with the 107 MW DEC-permitted figure noted as a close, contested alternative rather than resolved to one number."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Three years of litigation between NYSDEC and Greenidge over the Title V air permit renewal (denied 2022, overturned by state Supreme Court November 2024) ended in a November 2025 settlement. Separately, Seneca Lake Guardian filed suit in 2023 seeking to shut the station, and the facility has faced Clean Water Act claims over thermal discharge to Seneca Lake. Advocates criticised the settlement as too lenient.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "estimated"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "greenidge-spartanburg-sc",
    "name": "Greenidge Spartanburg (South Carolina)",
    "operator": "Greenidge Generation",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.9494,
      "lon": -81.925,
      "city": "Spartanburg",
      "county": "Spartanburg",
      "street": "300 Jones Road",
      "postalCode": "29307",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-01-25",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2022-01/greenidge-generation-establishing-operations-spartanburg-county",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Establishing Operations in Spartanburg County",
        "publisher": "Office of SC Governor Henry McMaster",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2025-12-03/greenidge-south-caroline-sale-bitcoin",
        "label": "Greenidge Sells South Carolina Land and Power Rights as Bitcoin Mining Footprint Shrinks",
        "publisher": "TheMinerMag / TheEnergyMag",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1844971/000162828025051859/gree-20250930.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. Form 10-Q, Q3 FY2025",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sccommerce.com/news/greenidge-generation-establishing-operations-spartanburg-county",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation establishing operations in Spartanburg County",
        "publisher": "South Carolina Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Former LSC Communications/RR Donnelley printing plant (175 acres, bought Dec 2021 for $15M); unveiled Jan 2022 as a planned $264M, up-to-100MW buildout. Greenidge built 44 MW of Bitcoin mining, transferred to NYDIG in 2023 as a debt-settlement; per Greenidge's SEC filings the NYDIG hosting arrangement now covers 'substantially all' of Greenidge's mining capacity at the New York facility, not South Carolina. The remaining 152 acres + 60 MW power rights went through a failed Nov 2024 sale to Data Journey LLC (terminated Aug 2025) before Greenidge sold the land outright to a Lightstone Group / Lighthouse Datacenters affiliate on Dec 11, 2025. Status cancelled: Greenidge holds no confirmed ongoing operating interest as of its most recent 10-Q. Re-checked 2026-09-10: 'cancelled' status for Greenidge's own project remains accurate and is further confirmed -- Greenidge closed the sale of the 152-acre Spartanburg property (for $18.0M cash plus up to $18.0M in earnouts) to an affiliate of The Lightstone Group and LightHouse Data Centers in December 2025. CORRECTION-adjacent flag: the site itself is not dead land -- the buyer (Lightstone/LightHouse) may pursue a new, differently-owned data center project there. That would be a NEW facility for the discovery lane to evaluate, out of scope for this refresh record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Grid-drawn (Duke Energy service territory); no on-site generation, unlike the Dresden, NY plant."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 264000000,
    "landAcres": 175,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 40,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "greenidge-underwood-nd",
    "name": "Greenidge Underwood (North Dakota)",
    "operator": "Greenidge Generation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4564,
      "lon": -101.1371,
      "city": "Underwood",
      "county": "McLean",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-03-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1844971/000184497124000010/ex991pressrelease3-11x2024.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Announces Expansion of Power Capacity with 40 MW of Low-Cost Power in Key Territories",
        "publisher": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. (SEC 8-K exhibit)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1844971/000162828025051859/gree-20250930.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. Form 10-Q, Q3 FY2025",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001844971/000162828026035547/gree-20260331.htm",
        "label": "Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc. Form 10-Q, Q1 FY2026",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "5-year capacity lease entered January 2024, announced Mar 11 2024, providing 7.5 MW of self-mining capacity in Underwood, McLean County, ND; miners deployed ~April 2024. SEC 10-Q filings for both Q3 FY2025 and Q1 FY2026 (most recent found) confirm the 'North Dakota Facility' remains an active leased site - the only other US site besides the New York (Dresden) plant that Greenidge still operates. No street address disclosed; city-level coordinates, approximate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gta-gu1-gu2-piti-gu",
    "name": "GTA Guam Data Center (GU1/GU2)",
    "operator": "GTA (Teleguam Holdings LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 13.4672901,
      "lon": 144.6991934,
      "city": "Piti",
      "street": "320 Marine Corps Dr",
      "state": "GU",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/gta-guam-gu1-gu2",
        "label": "GTA: Guam (GU1 & GU2) Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gta.net/data-center",
        "label": "Data Center | Colocation Solutions | GTA",
        "publisher": "GTA (Teleguam Holdings LLC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gta.net/cable-landing-station",
        "label": "Cable Landing Station on Guam | GTA",
        "publisher": "GTA (Teleguam Holdings LLC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral cable landing station + colocation facility, built 2020, 11,800+ sq ft total (7,000+ sq ft data hall). GTA's own cable-landing-station page names the connected subsea systems as SEA-US West, SEA-US East, JGA North and JGA South. Power capacity not publicly disclosed per baxtel. Coordinates geocoded via OSM Nominatim on 'Marine Corps Drive, Piti, Guam' (street-level match, not a confirmed parcel) -- precision set 'approximate'.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "gta-gu3-alupang-tamuning-gu",
    "name": "GTA Alupang Data Center (GU3)",
    "operator": "GTA (Teleguam Holdings LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 13.4961094,
      "lon": 144.7745311,
      "city": "Tamuning",
      "street": "Alupang",
      "state": "GU",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-10",
        "note": "Groundbreaking held 2022-10-06 per GTA's own press release.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.gta.net/218940-gta-breaks-ground-on-alupang-data-center/",
        "label": "GTA Breaks Ground on Alupang Data Center",
        "publisher": "GTA (Teleguam Holdings LLC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.gta.net/269859-gta-brings-guam-to-batic-2026-advancing-global-connectivity/",
        "label": "GTA Brings Guam to BATIC 2026, Advancing Global Connectivity",
        "publisher": "GTA (Teleguam Holdings LLC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "GTA's own groundbreaking release (2022-10-06) describes a Tier III, 31,000 sq ft, 4.0 MW data center and cable landing station in the Alupang area, Tamuning, Guam, with Nova/AMORIENT as design-build team; expected-completion estimates varied by source (Q3 2024 per the groundbreaking release, later Q1/Q3 2025 per aggregator listings). Status set to operational on the strength of GTA's own 2026 newsroom article, which states verbatim: \"GTA operates three data centers, with its newest facility, GU3 in Alupang.\" Coordinates geocoded via OSM Nominatim on 'Alupang, Guam' (resolved to Alupang Street, Tamuning) -- precision 'approximate', not a confirmed parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "guild-ventures-kenwood-commons-albany-ny",
    "name": "Kenwood Commons Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Guild Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6225,
      "lon": -73.7601,
      "city": "Albany",
      "county": "Albany",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cbs6albany.com/news/local/kenwood-commons-owner-asks-for-180mw-as-part-of-propertys-pitch-now-includes-data-center-doane-stuart-school-guild-datacenter-mixeduse-hyperscale-colocation-technology-sustainability-cooling-grid-redevelopment-nanotech-infrastructure-emissions",
        "label": "Kenwood Commons owner asks for 180MW as part of property's pitch, now includes data center",
        "publisher": "CBS6 Albany (WRGB)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Proposed data center inside a mixed-use redevelopment of the 76-acre former Kenwood convent / Doane Stuart School property in Albany. capacityMw IS DELIBERATELY OMITTED, and this is the point of the record: \"Guild Ventures... filed an application with the New York Independent System Operator to use 180MW for the project,\" but the developer told CBS6 the 180 MW is \"a theoretical ceiling for the entire mixed-use development\" at full buildout and NOT the data center's expected use. Recording 180 as the facility's capacity would therefore be wrong; the smaller data-center-only figure reported elsewhere (up to 100 MW) was not confirmed in a source fetched in this run, so it is not recorded either. The Rockefeller Institute's tracker separately describes it as \"a 180 MW data center as part of a mixed-use development\" - that reading conflicts with the developer's own clarification, which is why confidence is 'reported'. The developer describes the compute component as a \"boutique, edge-scale colocation center\" on \"approximately 5 acres\" of the 76-acre parcel serving hospitals, institutions, nanotech, government services and local employers - hence aiClassification 'mixed_use'. landAcres = 76 is the whole redevelopment parcel, not the data center footprint. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): no permits had been submitted to the City of Albany as of the fetched reporting, no investment figure is given in the fetched article, and no job counts, utility, or IDA/PILOT agreement is stated. Coordinates geocoded to the named Kenwood / Doane Stuart site in Albany, approximate.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "CBS6 reports the developer describes \"cooling that repurposes heat for local use rather than consuming water.\" Recorded as closed_loop on the recirculating-circuit rule; no design document was fetched and no water figure is published."
    },
    "landAcres": 76,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "gw-ranch-pacifico-energy-pecos-county-tx",
    "name": "GW Ranch",
    "operator": "Pacifico Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.05,
      "lon": -102.88,
      "county": "Pecos",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 7650
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/pacifico-energy-unveils-5gw-offgrid-natural-gas-project-in-texas-slated-to-serve-a-hyperscale-data-center/",
        "label": "Pacifico Energy unveils 5GW off-grid natural gas project in Texas, slated to serve a hyperscale data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29012026/developer-calls-gw-ranch-in-pecos-county-texas-the-largest-power-project-in-u-s/",
        "label": "Developer calls GW Ranch the largest power project in the U.S.",
        "publisher": "Inside Climate News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/amazon-backs-7-65-gw-gas-plant-in-texas-to-power-new-ai-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Amazon Backs 7.65-GW Gas Plant in Texas to Power New AI Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "~17 miles north of Fort Stockton. This is fundamentally a power-generation project 'purpose-built to support hyperscale data center operators' (per Data Center Dynamics), but no data center tenant/operator has been named - classified 'rumored' confidence on the data-center use specifically. Distinct from the existing tracked Microsoft/Core Scientific 'Pecos' entries (those are in Reeves County, not Pecos County). Coordinates are approximate. Data center tenant unidentified. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): TCEQ approved the site's air permit (up to 7.65GW gas-fired, authorized to emit 12,000+ tons/yr of regulated pollutants per permitting documents) in early 2026. Checked an oil-and-gas-watchdog outlet (a source that actively covers this project's environmental profile in detail) and it documents no local opposition, hearing record, or resident reaction to GW Ranch specifically -- only industry/regulatory facts. The original DCD source and a second outlet (Inside Climate News) both 403'd on fetch. No community-reception record found in the source actually retrieved.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 7650,
      "notes": "TCEQ air permit secured (Jan 2026) for up to 7.65GW gas-fired generation - the largest such permit in the US. Includes 1.8GW battery storage + up to 750MWac solar. Off-grid/private-network design, not ERCOT-interconnected. Developer timeline: 1GW online 2028, 5+GW by 2030-31."
    },
    "landAcres": 8000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-buffalo-i-lockport-ny",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Buffalo I (formerly Yahoo Lockport)",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.16879237433895,
      "lon": -78.7516290070774,
      "city": "Lockport",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 15
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid-connected; chillerless outside-air cooling design minimizes power draw",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/h5-acquires-new-york-data-centers-from-yahoo-in-sale-leaseback-deal/",
        "label": "H5 Acquires New York Data Centers From Yahoo in Sale-Leaseback Deal",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.btpm.org/local/2025-01-22/yahoo-lockport-data-center-sold-for-49-million",
        "label": "Yahoo Lockport Data Center Sold for $49 Million",
        "publisher": "Buffalo Toronto Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/analysis/yahoos-compute-coop-is-not-for-chickens/",
        "label": "Yahoo's Compute Coop Is Not for Chickens",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.niagaracounty.com/arcgis/rest/services/NC_GIS/NC_GIS/FeatureServer/4/query?where=SBL%3D%271080000001064000%27&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Niagara County parcel/GIS record (parcel SBL 1080000001064000 (ParcelId 8094))",
        "publisher": "Niagara County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/yahoo-gets-power-for-buffalo-expansion",
        "label": "Yahoo Gets Power for Buffalo Expansion",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/build-design/yahoo-launches-second-computing-coop-data-center-in-new-york-state",
        "label": "Yahoo Launches Second 'Computing Coop' Data Center in New York State",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/07/21/hochul-wants-ban-on-tax-breaks-for-data-centers/",
        "label": "NY Gov. Hochul says she wants to ban tax breaks for data centers",
        "publisher": "Investigative Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "5319 Enterprise Dr, Lockport, NY. Built by Yahoo in 2010 (opened at 155,000 sq ft, expanded since); campus totals 409,200 sq ft / 43 acres SHARED with the separate H5 Buffalo II building (~0.25 mi away — see that record). H5 Data Centers acquired both Lockport buildings from Yahoo in a sale-leaseback deal that closed Dec 30, 2024 ($49M reported); Yahoo signed a 5-year leaseback and remains a tenant on-site (140 staff retained, 15 transferred to H5). Now multi-tenant Tier III colocation, though no tenants beyond Yahoo are independently confirmed. Critical power was 16 MW as of 2014; current total post-expansion not independently disclosed, so capacityMw is deliberately omitted rather than guessed. Coordinates are a campus-level geocode (ConnectBase), not a per-building parcel pin.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "National Grid",
      "notes": "Built by Yahoo on a New York Power Authority low-cost hydropower allocation of 15 MW at the outset of construction, with an additional 1 MW approved by NYPA in April 2011 for the second phase."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Yahoo's famous \"Chicken Coop\" design: chillerless, cooled by outside air ~99% of the year with direct evaporative cooling as backup in summer heat, achieving a PUE of 1.08. Not independently reconfirmed as unchanged since the 2025 H5 acquisition."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Property and sales tax breaks (predecessor Yahoo! Lockport project, Niagara County IDA)",
        "amountUsd": 478000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Niagara County, NY",
        "year": "2015",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 43,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-buffalo-ii-lockport-ny",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Buffalo II",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.16967580851366,
      "lon": -78.74808845761379,
      "city": "Lockport",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7.2
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid-connected",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/h5-buffalo-ii",
        "label": "H5 Buffalo II",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/h5-acquires-new-york-data-centers-from-yahoo-in-sale-leaseback-deal/",
        "label": "H5 Acquires New York Data Centers From Yahoo in Sale-Leaseback Deal",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.niagaracounty.com/arcgis/rest/services/NC_GIS/NC_GIS/FeatureServer/4/query?where=PrclNumb%3D%275365%27+AND+PrclStreet+LIKE+%27%25CROWN%25%27&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Niagara County parcel/GIS record (parcel 108.00-1-34.211/A (SBL 1080000001034211 A))",
        "publisher": "Niagara County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/build-design/yahoo-launches-second-computing-coop-data-center-in-new-york-state",
        "label": "Yahoo Launches Second 'Computing Coop' Data Center in New York State",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "5365 Crown Dr, Lockport, NY — confirmed as a genuinely separate building (~0.25 mi from H5 Buffalo I / 5319 Enterprise Dr, not a duplicate listing), part of the same Lockport campus. Built 2015 as part of a $170M expansion announced 2013 (the campus's second facility). Acquired by H5 alongside Buffalo I in the same Dec 2024 Yahoo sale-leaseback deal. Specific square footage and power capacity for this building alone are paywalled on data-center directories and not independently confirmed — deliberately omitted rather than estimated from the shared 409,200 sq ft campus total (which spans both buildings). Coordinates are a nearby-offset approximation of the campus location, not an independently confirmed parcel pin for this specific building.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "National Grid",
      "notes": "Second Lockport building, brought online 2015 with a 7.2 MW NYPA hydropower allocation, in addition to the 15 MW serving the original campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Same Yahoo Computing Coop design as the first building: chillerless, outside-air cooling with an evaporative-cooling system for hot weather."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 170000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-albuquerque-nm",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Albuquerque",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0862,
      "lon": -106.6512,
      "city": "Albuquerque",
      "county": "Bernalillo",
      "street": "505 Marquette Avenue NW",
      "postalCode": "87102",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/h5-Albuquerque.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers Announces Expansion to Albuquerque Edge Data Center",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/5092",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers Albuquerque facility record",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "225,000 SF Tier III carrier-neutral colocation campus across two buildings at 505 Marquette Ave NW in downtown Albuquerque; H5's first New Mexico facility, positioned as the state's primary interconnection point.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-chandler-az",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Phoenix (Chandler)",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2769786,
      "lon": -111.8860302,
      "city": "Chandler",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "2600 W Germann Rd",
      "postalCode": "85286",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 26
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-10",
        "note": "Operator lists the facility as live with a 100% uptime track record serving 40 customers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/phoenix-data-center.html",
        "label": "Phoenix Data Center — H5 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "180,000 sq ft purpose-built colocation facility at 2600 W. Germann Road, Chandler, with 26 MW of capacity and Tier III design. Marketed as 'Phoenix' but physically in Chandler. Coordinates geocoded from the cited address; Nominatim returns an OSM feature named 'H5 Phoenix' at that address and the US Census geocoder agrees to ~20 m.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Operator lists N+1 chillers, N+1 cooling towers and N+1 CRAHs; heat is rejected through cooling towers."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-cincinnati-gest-oh",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Cincinnati I",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0981558,
      "lon": -84.5261021,
      "city": "Cincinnati",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "street": "360 Gest Street",
      "postalCode": "45203",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/cincinnati-data-center.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers — Cincinnati I data center",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/ohio/",
        "label": "Ohio data center location directory",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Described by the operator as a powered shell adjacent to downtown Cincinnati, with redundant meet-me rooms and on-net AT&T, Inteliquent, Windstream and Zayo. Square footage and MW are not published. Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "Operator cites diverse utility feeds from Duke Energy at an average of less than $0.06/kWh."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-cleveland-rockwell-oh",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Cleveland",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5063269,
      "lon": -81.683262,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "street": "1625 Rockwell Ave",
      "postalCode": "44114",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/cleveland-data-center.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers — Cleveland data center",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/ohio/",
        "label": "Ohio data center location directory",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "351,000 sq ft Tier III facility with 23 on-net carriers; 2N UPS and generators, 2+N chillers. Power capacity is not published, so capacityMw is omitted. Coordinates are a street-address geocode. Distinct from the tracked DataBank CLE1 at 1255 Euclid Ave.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio data center sales and use tax exemption (100% on qualifying equipment)",
        "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-portland-or",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Portland",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5318147,
      "lon": -122.6839805,
      "city": "Portland",
      "county": "Multnomah",
      "street": "1233 NW 12th Avenue, Suite 201",
      "postalCode": "97209",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/portland-data-center.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers Portland data center (42,000 SF, 1233 NW 12th Avenue)",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "42,000 SF carrier-neutral colocation facility in Portland's Pearl District with N+1 CRAC cooling, N+1 UPS, 2 MW of generator backup and 48-hour diesel runtime. H5 publishes no critical IT-load figure. No H5 site is currently tracked in Oregon.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-quincy-campus-wa",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Quincy Campus",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2334,
      "lon": -119.8528,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "1711 M St NE",
      "postalCode": "98848",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/quincy-data-center.html",
        "label": "Quincy Data Center - Washington Data Center",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/h5-quincy",
        "label": "H5 Quincy Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Multi-building Quincy campus (Quincy I, II, III); Quincy I acquired from Intuit in July 2018. A long-operating, Grant County PUD data-center customer not previously tracked.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "notes": "100% renewable hydroelectric power available; power cost cited under $0.03/kWh."
    },
    "landAcres": 63,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-seattle-denny-way-wa",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Seattle",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6205,
      "lon": -122.3379,
      "city": "Seattle",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "1000 Denny Way",
      "postalCode": "98109",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/seattle-data-center.html",
        "label": "Seattle Data Center",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "293,000 sq ft carrier-hotel/colocation facility in the former Seattle Times building. Distinct building from the Westin Building Exchange (already tracked); no MW capacity disclosed on the operator's site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-secaucus-nj",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Secaucus (NJ01)",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.784817,
      "lon": -74.076264,
      "city": "Secaucus",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "200B Meadowlands Parkway",
      "postalCode": "07094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Marketed as an operating Tier III colocation facility on H5's own New Jersey page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/new-jersey-data-center.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers New Jersey (Secaucus) facility page",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?name__contains=H5&state=NJ",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 3919, 'H5 Data Centers Secaucus (NJ01)', 200B Meadowlands Parkway, Secaucus NJ 07094",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "More than 38,000 sq ft of Tier III colocation with 2N UPS, multiple diesel generators rated for 48 hours of runtime, N+1 chillers/cooling towers/CRACs, and 10 on-net providers. H5 publishes no MW figure, so capacityMw is omitted. Coordinates are the operator-supplied registry point for the address, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "H5 lists N+1 chillers, cooling towers and CRACs with cold-aisle containment. Cooling towers reject heat by evaporating water, which is what sets this value; no consumption volume is published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-data-centers-st-paul-mn",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers St. Paul",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.974,
      "lon": -93.167,
      "city": "St. Paul",
      "county": "Ramsey",
      "street": "1125 Energy Park Drive, Suite 100",
      "postalCode": "55108",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/minneapolis-data-center.html",
        "label": "Minneapolis Center - Minnesota Data Center",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — H5 Data Centers Minneapolis, 1125 Energy Park Drive Suite 100, St. Paul MN 55108",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "1125 Energy Park Dr., Suite 100, St. Paul, MN 55108, 17,000 SF. Single-sourced to H5's own dedicated marketing page (no independent MW figure could be verified — aggregator sites gave conflicting, non-primary 5/8/15 MW guesses, none fetched/quotable, so capacityMw omitted rather than guessed). 'Suite 100' in the address raises a flag: could this be a suite within a larger shared building rather than a facility H5 solely owns/operates? H5's own 'about' page lists its core markets (Ashburn, Atlanta, Charlotte, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Denver, Phoenix, San Jose, San Luis Obispo, Seattle) and does NOT mention Minnesota, which is inconsistent with the dedicated St. Paul subpage. Recommend a human double-check ownership/tenancy before promoting — flagged as the weakest of this batch's net-new candidates, not dropped outright since I did successfully fetch a dedicated H5-branded page for this address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-denver-greenwood-village-co",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Denver (Denver Tech Center campus)",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6167549,
      "lon": -104.8916814,
      "city": "Greenwood Village",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "street": "5350 S Valentia Way",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 17.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/denver-data-center.html",
        "label": "Denver Data Center - H5 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/denver-colocation.html",
        "label": "Denver Colocation - H5 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Two independent Tier III, concurrently maintainable buildings totaling 300,000 sq ft on a 12-acre campus in the Denver Tech Center; N+1 backup generators with 48-hour diesel runtime, 24/7 on-site staffing. Marketed as Denver's only wholesale colocation facility with ~15 years at 100% uptime. Water/cooling-circuit type not stated in either operator page checked (2026-09-13) — omitted rather than guessed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 0.4,
      "notes": "400 kW rooftop solar array supplements Xcel Energy grid power to reduce peak demand costs."
    },
    "landAcres": 12,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-la-vista-ne",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Omaha (La Vista)",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.166,
      "lon": -96.075,
      "city": "La Vista",
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "street": "10917 Harry Watanabe Pkwy",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 17.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/omaha-data-center.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers Omaha — 10917 Harry Watanabe Pkwy, La Vista NE; 234,500 SF on 32 acres; 17.3 MW N+1 critical capacity; Tier III design; N+1 chillers and cooling towers; up to 7 on-net carriers",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250830145932/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/1623-farnam-adds-15mw-to-omaha-data-center-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "DCD (archived) — names H5 among the operators active in the Omaha data center market alongside TierPoint, LightEdge, Lumen, Cogent and Google",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "234,500 sq ft colocation facility on 32 acres at 10917 Harry Watanabe Parkway in La Vista, Sarpy County, with 17.3 MW of N+1 critical capacity, Tier III design, N+1 chillers and N+1 cooling towers, up to 7 on-net carriers and cloud on-ramps to AWS and Azure. All structured figures come from H5's own facility page fetched this session. The site is widely described in directories as the former Yahoo La Vista data center — H5 is the CURRENT operator and Yahoo the original builder; H5's page does not state the build history, so the Yahoo provenance is left in this note rather than asserted, and should be confirmed against a county assessor record or contemporaneous press before publishing. Coordinates are a street-address approximation, not a parcel geocode. aiClassification is mixed_use: general-purpose multi-tenant colocation, not a confirmed AI training site.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "N+1 chillers and N+1 cooling towers per the operator's facility page; no withdrawal figure disclosed."
    },
    "landAcres": 32,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "h5-nashville-147-fourth-avenue-tn",
    "name": "H5 Data Centers Nashville (147 Fourth Avenue)",
    "operator": "H5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.162626,
      "lon": -86.778674,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "street": "147 Fourth Avenue North, 8th Floor",
      "postalCode": "37219",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Carrier-neutral downtown colocation facility, 19,700 sq ft, with on-site diesel generators, N+1 chillers and cold-aisle containment; 23 networks and 2 exchanges present per PeeringDB.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=561",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 561 — H5 Data Centers Nashville, 147 Fourth Avenue, 8th floor (record updated 2026-03-02)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/nashville-colocation.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers — Nashville colocation (147 Fourth Avenue N., 8th Floor; 19,700 sq ft)",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Ownership was verified separately rather than assumed: this is the former Switch & Data / Equinix site, later marketed as 365 Data Centers NA1. 365's current locations list no longer includes Nashville, and both PeeringDB and H5's own site show H5 as the current operator — so the operator recorded here is the current one, not the one on the older marketing collateral.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "h6-coin-newcastle-wy",
    "name": "H6 Coin Newcastle Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "H6 Coin LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.85,
      "lon": -104.2,
      "city": "Newcastle",
      "county": "Weston",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Described in the present tense as operating a Bitcoin mining facility in Newcastle in Wyoming Business Council program materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee, June 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/02-2026062202-02_WBCMaterials.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council Programs & Services (Data Center Sales Tax Exemption Eligibility Certification recipient list)",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Named in June 2026 Wyoming Business Council materials as a Newcastle Bitcoin mining operation that reaches the threshold to qualify for the state's Data Center Sales Tax Exemption because it employs people in Wyoming and spends CAPEX at a rate similar to a traditional data center. No subsidy record is entered: the source states the operation qualifies, which is eligibility, not a certified award. Capacity, power arrangement and address are not stated in the source and are omitted rather than estimated. A Wyoming DEQ air-quality public notice for H6 Coin, LLC (permit F032396/A0019068, dated 2026-05-07) was indexed but the notice page returned HTTP 403 and could not be read this session, so it is not cited and its permit details are not recorded. Coordinates approximate the town of Newcastle.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "hanton-city-smithfield-ri",
    "name": "Hanton City Business Park (data center anchor)",
    "operator": "Hanton City Investments LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.867,
      "lon": -71.527,
      "city": "Smithfield",
      "county": "Providence",
      "state": "RI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Rhode Island Energy (Narragansett)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Hanton City Investments LLC (Ryan Polumbo of Revity Energy and John Branca) filed a zoning application for an industrial/warehousing park with a data center anchor tenant on undeveloped woodland near the Fidelity Investments campus. The application was filed May 4, 2026 — one day before the Smithfield Town Council voted 4-1 to ban data centers. No megawatt capacity has been publicly disclosed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.oceanstatemedia.org/technology/proposed-data-center-still-looms-over-smithfield-even-after-town-council-enacts-ban",
        "label": "Proposed data center still looms over Smithfield, even after town council enacts ban",
        "publisher": "Ocean State Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.valleybreeze.com/news/smithfield-puts-the-brakes-on-potential-data-center/article_cd279d3e-1bda-4e2e-b3ac-a716d776ab2f.html",
        "label": "Smithfield puts the brakes on potential data center",
        "publisher": "Valley Breeze",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "No megawatt capacity has been publicly disclosed, so capacityMw is omitted. The $59M figure cited in coverage is projected town tax revenue over 30 years, not facility investment, so investmentUsd is not set. Additional coverage (Rhode Island Current, ecoRI News) returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch and is not cited; the Ocean State Media article is the single independently verified resolvable source. Coordinates are approximate Smithfield-area coordinates.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Rhode Island Energy (Narragansett)"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Smithfield Town Council voted 4-1 (May 5, 2025) to amend zoning to list data centers as \"not permitted\" in all districts; Hanton City Investments filed its application May 4 — one day before the vote — preserving pre-ban review (a use variance faces \"a pretty high bar\"). Council President Tassoni expects the developer to sue. The widely cited $59M is projected 30-year town tax REVENUE, not facility investment; the developer said the project \"may never happen\" absent a state tax break (RI SB 2346, a 30-year sales/use exemption, was held by the Senate as of April 2026).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "harner-sr-14-ravenna-portage-oh",
    "name": "SR-14 Data Center Proposal (Ravenna)",
    "operator": "Ray Harner (landowner-developer)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.157557,
      "lon": -81.242047,
      "city": "Ravenna",
      "county": "Portage",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-20",
        "note": "Ravenna City Council adopted a one-year citywide moratorium on data center construction in response to the proposal.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://theportager.com/ravenna-city-council-rushes-to-block-potential-data-center-proposal",
        "label": "Ravenna City Council rushes to block potential data center proposal",
        "publisher": "The Portager",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stopohiodatacenters.org/data-center-near-my-home-ohio",
        "label": "Data Center Near My Home in Ohio? Find Out for Your County — Portage County entry",
        "publisher": "Ohio Data Centers (stopohiodatacenters.org)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Proposed on a State Route 14 parcel directly across from UH Portage Medical Center in Ravenna. Acreage, capacity and end user have not been made public; the landowner declined to comment. Distinct from Bitdeer's Shalersville Township campus elsewhere in Portage County.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Ravenna City Council's planning committee moved to impose a one-year citywide data center moratorium after public opposition; the moratorium was adopted April 20, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hawaiiantel-endeavor-honolulu-hi",
    "name": "Endeavor Data Center",
    "operator": "Hawaiian Telcom",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 21.304547,
      "lon": -157.855676,
      "city": "Honolulu",
      "state": "HI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hawaiiantel.com/business/Business/Products-Services/Network-Security/Data-Center-Colocation-Services",
        "label": "Data Center Colocation Services | Hawaiian Telcom Business",
        "publisher": "Hawaiian Telcom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Hawaiian Telcom names this as its newest, most advanced Oahu colocation facility: elevated second-floor hosting outside flood zones, N+2 HVAC to a Class 7 clean-room standard, N+1 UPS and generator plant, 24/7 guards and biometric access, per the operator's own site. That page does not publish a street address. Third-party directories consistently cite 2339 Kamehameha Highway, Honolulu, but repeated attempts to fetch a page confirming that address directly (datacentermap.com) returned HTTP 429 this session, so it is not used here. Pin is a Honolulu city-level approximation (Nominatim), not the specific parcel — do not read the absence of a street field as meaning one wasn't sought.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hawaiiantel-kawaihae-hi",
    "name": "Kawaihae Data Center",
    "operator": "Hawaiian Telcom",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 20.0397244,
      "lon": -155.829133,
      "city": "Kawaihae",
      "county": "Hawaii",
      "state": "HI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hawaiiantel.com/business/Business/Products-Services/Network-Security/Data-Center-Colocation-Services",
        "label": "Data Center Colocation Services | Hawaiian Telcom Business",
        "publisher": "Hawaiian Telcom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Hawaiian Telcom's Hawaii Island colocation site, offered as geographic redundancy from Oahu; the operator's site states it sits \"beyond flood, volcanic, and evacuation zones\" and offers quarter/half/full cabinets with UPS plus a 5-day diesel generator fuel reserve. No street address is published on the page fetched, and a linked product-sheet PDF returned HTTP 404 this session. Pin is a Kawaihae town-level approximation (Nominatim), not a specific parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hawaiki-cable-kapolei-hi",
    "name": "Kapolei Cable Landing Station",
    "operator": "Hawaiki Submarine Cable USA LLC (BW Digital)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 21.349388772017,
      "lon": -158.128697947756,
      "city": "Kapolei",
      "street": "92-384 Farrington Highway",
      "state": "HI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/stations/north-america/usa-hawaii/kapolei",
        "label": "Kapolei Cable Landing Station - Submarine Networks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1547realty.com/data-center/kapolei-hi-haii1/",
        "label": "Kapolei HI | HAII1 | 1547 Critical Systems Realty",
        "publisher": "1547 Critical Systems Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bowersandkubota.com/projects/hawaiki-submarine-cable-landing-station",
        "label": "Hawaiki Submarine Cable Landing Station",
        "publisher": "Bowers + Kubota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Landing station for the Hawaiki trans-Pacific submarine cable (completed 2018), providing 43 terabits of carrier-neutral capacity via six fiber pairs to the US west coast, Australia, New Zealand and American Samoa. DRFortress has operated landing and colocation activities here under a long-term partnership with Hawaiki dating to 2016; 1547 Critical Systems Realty (which acquired DRFortress in 2025) lists a Kapolei facility (\"HAII1\", branded AlohaNAP-adjacent, ~10,200 sq ft expandable to 60,200 sq ft) that this record treats as the same site rather than a separate parcel, since both describe DRFortress/1547 colocation activity at the one cable landing station Hawaiki owns in Kapolei — flag for a human split if that assumption is wrong. In early 2026 the Honolulu City Council granted a Special Management Area Major Permit for an expansion project at this site to add landing capacity for Google's Taihei and Tabua cables plus BW Digital's own Hawaiki Nui cable. Coordinates are a Census TIGER-line geocode of the street address, not a confirmed parcel survey.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "haystack-wind-wayne-ne",
    "name": "Haystack Wind Project",
    "operator": "Ørsted",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2605,
      "lon": -97.1983,
      "city": "Carroll",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-03",
        "note": "Nebraska DWEE records a March 2022 online date; Global Energy Monitor records 2022 commissioning.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Haystack_Wind_Project",
        "label": "Haystack Wind Project",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "capacityMw is deliberately unset: the two sources disagree materially. Nebraska DWEE lists 255 MW; Global Energy Monitor lists 298 MW. Both agree on Ørsted as owner/operator, Wayne County (Carroll) as the location and 2022 as the commissioning year. Resolve against an Ørsted or EIA-860 filing before publishing a number.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hca-it-services-data-center-nashville-tn",
    "name": "HCA Information Technology & Services Data Center (Antioch)",
    "operator": "HCA Healthcare",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0326354,
      "lon": -86.637789,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "postalCode": "37013",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2012-03-06",
        "note": "Metro Council approved the PILOT incentive (Ordinance BL2012-116) against a $200,000,000 capital investment and a 155-job commitment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2016-12-31",
        "note": "Metro's incentive record reports 834 positions at the facility as of 12/31/2016 and actual abatement value delivered of $3,379,854.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nashville.gov/departments/mayor/economic-opportunity/growth-incentives/growth-projects/hca-data-center",
        "label": "HCA (Data Center) PILOT Incentive — Metro Nashville growth-incentive record, Parcel ID 17400003200, 5900 Crossings Boulevard",
        "publisher": "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/819981891",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 819981891 — 'HCA Information Technology & Services Data Center'",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Metro's incentive record lists the parcel address as 5900 Crossings Boulevard, Antioch (Parcel ID 17400003200, Council District 33); the street field is left empty here because that address could not be reconciled against the mapped building footprint used for the coordinates, which reverse-geocodes to Old Franklin Road. The 834-position figure is Metro's reported employment at the site, not a data-center staffing figure, so no jobs value is asserted.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Metro Nashville PILOT — 60% property tax abatement for 7 years (Ordinance BL2012-116)",
        "amountUsd": 3379854,
        "jurisdiction": "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, TN",
        "year": "2012",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "heartland-business-systems-little-chute-wi",
    "name": "Heartland Business Systems Little Chute Data Center",
    "operator": "Heartland Business Systems, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.2965755,
      "lon": -88.2938896,
      "city": "Little Chute",
      "county": "Outagamie",
      "street": "1700 Stephen Street",
      "postalCode": "54140",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hbs.net/contact-us",
        "label": "HBS locations — Northeast Wisconsin headquarters, 1700 Stephen Street, Little Chute, WI 54140",
        "publisher": "Heartland Business Systems",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"HBS Little Chute, Little Chute\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=1700+Stephen+Street%2C+Little+Chute%2C+WI+54140&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 1700 Stephen Street, Little Chute Industrial Park, Outagamie County (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Colocation and cloud data center at HBS's northeast Wisconsin headquarters in the Little Chute Industrial Park. Fills a gap in the Fox River Valley, where Compute Atlas currently tracks only Ark Data Centers Green Bay (Harrison) and Netsonic Green Bay. No MW or square footage figure is published by the operator, so none is asserted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "heartland-industrial-park-sullivan-county-in",
    "name": "Heartland Industrial Park (Fluidstack Sullivan County Campus)",
    "operator": "Fluidstack",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0694,
      "lon": -87.5108,
      "city": "Merom",
      "county": "Sullivan",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-08",
        "note": "Potentia Inc. publicly unveiled the Sullivan County campus at Heartland Industrial Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-23",
        "note": "Potentia began construction on major site infrastructure; Fluidstack held a community open house on the campus on 2026-08-06.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbiw.com/2026/04/08/potentia-inc-unveils-historic-65-billion-data-center-project-in-sullivan-county/",
        "label": "Potentia Inc. unveils historic $65 Billion data center project in Sullivan County",
        "publisher": "WBIW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sullivanenergydata.com/data-centers/heartland-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Heartland Industrial Park — Sullivan County Indiana Energy & Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Sullivan County Energy & Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wthitv.com/2026/08/06/fluidstack-hosts-open-house-sullivan-county-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "FluidStack hosts open house for Sullivan County data center campus",
        "publisher": "WTHI-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sullivanfluidstack.io/",
        "label": "Sullivan County Data Center — Fluidstack project site",
        "publisher": "Fluidstack",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inforcapital.com/news/fluidstack-shares-details-of-planned-data-center-in-sullivan-county-indiana/",
        "label": "Fluidstack's 2.1GW Indiana AI Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Infor Capital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "One site under two names: Potentia Inc. is the site developer of the 1,000-acre Heartland Industrial Park on US 41 near the Merom Generating Station, and Fluidstack is the anchor tenant/operator building the campus (both sources describe the same 15-acre fire-station donation and the same $50M community payment). The 2.1 GW figure is the full-park planned capacity; a separately financed first phase is reported at roughly 430 MW of critical IT load. The $65 billion figure is the announced site investment, driven by tenant and partner spending rather than Potentia alone.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "WIN Energy REMC",
      "notes": "WIN Energy REMC serves the campus; Fluidstack and WIN Energy state they carry all energy costs so existing member-consumers' rates are not affected."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.06,
      "notes": "Closed-loop recirculating system; the tanks are filled once and the water recirculates. Potentia states roughly 60,000 gallons per day of freshwater makeup at full build-out."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 65000000000,
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2750,
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Sullivan County residents have voiced concerns at public meetings; the developer has committed $50 million in community enhancement payments, $4.5 million in charitable contributions and 15 acres for a new county fire station, and local unions report roughly $600 million in labor contracts on the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "helion-orion-malaga-wa",
    "name": "Helion Orion fusion power plant",
    "operator": "Helion Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.3722,
      "lon": -120.2011,
      "city": "Malaga",
      "county": "Chelan",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Helion signed the world's first fusion energy PPA, committing to deliver at least 50 MW to Microsoft by 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Helion secured an ~80-acre Chelan County PUD land lease in Malaga and obtained environmental review (MDNS) and a Conditional Use Permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Washington Dept. of Health granted Radioactive Materials and Radioactive Air Emissions licenses — the first such operational licensing for a private fusion company — and generator-building earthwork began.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.helionenergy.com/orion",
        "label": "Orion project page",
        "publisher": "Helion Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/business/helion-clears-key-licensing-hurdle-for-fusion-power-plant-in-malaga-closer-to-energizing-microsoft/article_b395a76f-a95e-421c-9677-739f960ae082.html",
        "label": "Helion clears key licensing hurdle for fusion power plant in Malaga",
        "publisher": "Wenatchee World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2026/helion-secures-worlds-first-regulatory-licenses-for-fusion-power-plant-being-built-in-washington/",
        "label": "Helion secures world's first regulatory licenses for fusion power plant in Washington",
        "publisher": "GeekWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "The world's first commercial fusion power plant, under construction in Malaga, WA to deliver at least 50 MW to Microsoft — the first fusion PPA ever signed. An additional, co-located power source for Microsoft's Malaga campus. Recorded under the new `fusion` technology type.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Fusion (Helion's pulsed magneto-inertial approach). Recorded with energy source 'other' because the schema enum has no dedicated fusion value."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "fusion",
      "offtaker": "Microsoft",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "microsoft-malaga-wa"
      ],
      "notes": "Orion is billed as the world's first commercial fusion power plant, targeting at least 50 MW to Microsoft (PPA signed 2023, delivery targeted 2028). Under construction in Malaga, WA following first-of-a-kind Washington Dept. of Health fusion licensing in June 2026. An ADDITIONAL power source for the co-located Microsoft Malaga campus (microsoft-malaga-wa), otherwise served by Chelan County PUD hydropower. Recorded under the `fusion` technology type."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hematite-bitcoin-mining-jefferson-county-mo",
    "name": "Hematite Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "NYDIG / Global Connect Communications",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.126,
      "lon": -90.508,
      "city": "Hematite",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "street": "Off Highway P, adjacent to the Missouri National Guard Armory (2740 Hwy P)",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/business/bitcoin-mining-facility-to-possibly-open-in-hematite/article_b383ae61-29e9-42cd-b1e0-95f291992a93.html",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining facility to possibly open in Hematite",
        "publisher": "The Leader (Jefferson County, MO)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/local/bitcoin-mining-facility-to-possibly-open-highway-p-hematite-jefferson-county/63-b78d7a99-db72-4782-87cd-5bd46b0dc4e5",
        "label": "Jefferson County anticipates new Bitcoin mining facility",
        "publisher": "KSDK",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Per reporting dated 2025-08-28 (byline), all building permits and stormwater approvals were complete and the site was described by the county's director of services as 'ready to have the key turned on,' pending only a permanent access easement from the neighboring Missouri National Guard Armory for the final occupancy permit. Would be Jefferson County's first Bitcoin mining facility. No more recent (2026) reporting confirming occupancy or operational status was found this session.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "hexa-builders-black-horse-pike-monroe-nj",
    "name": "Black Horse Pike Data Center (3043 Black Horse Pike)",
    "operator": "Hexa Builders",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7005307,
      "lon": -75.0041347,
      "city": "Monroe Township",
      "county": "Gloucester",
      "street": "3043 Black Horse Pike",
      "postalCode": "08094",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Application rejected as incomplete in May 2026, after Monroe Township adopted a township-wide data center ban on 22 April 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://jerseyvindicator.org/2026/08/01/developer-challenges-gloucester-county-data-center-ban-on-free-speech-grounds",
        "label": "'Developer challenges Gloucester County data center ban on free-speech grounds' — Jersey Vindicator, 1 August 2026",
        "publisher": "Jersey Vindicator",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?street=3043+Black+Horse+Pike&city=Williamstown&state=New+Jersey&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap street-level geocode for Black Horse Pike, Williamstown, Monroe Township, Gloucester County NJ 08094, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Hexa Builders received planning board approval on 8 January 2026 (memorialized 2 February 2026) for two warehouses of roughly 522,000 and 1.1 million sq ft at 3043 Black Horse Pike, with the larger building planned for eventual conversion to a data center. The data center use was never separately approved: Monroe Township adopted a township-wide ban on 22 April 2026 and the application was deemed incomplete in May 2026. No megawatt figure was ever published. Coordinates are a street-level geocode of Black Horse Pike in Williamstown; no parcel-level point is available.",
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Hexa filed a 104-page, 20-count suit on 5 June 2026 seeking a declaration that the ban is unconstitutional, reversal of the planning board's rejection and $300 million in damages. The case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey in Camden on 6 July 2026 (Civil Action No. 26-cv-08284-ESK-EAP); the township moved to dismiss on 28 July 2026 and no ruling had issued as of August 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hhhunt-hunting-hawk-technology-park-hanover-va",
    "name": "Hunting Hawk Technology Park",
    "operator": "HHHunt",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.657,
      "lon": -77.626,
      "city": "Glen Allen",
      "county": "Hanover",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 900
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-01-29",
        "note": "HHHunt withdrew its rezoning application two weeks after the Hanover Planning Commission recommended denial on January 15, 2026, and before a scheduled February 25 Board of Supervisors vote.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-01-20/hanover-hunting-hawk-data-center-hhhunt-wyndham-ashland-road-clark",
        "label": "Hanover Planning Commission nixes Hunting Hawk Technology Park proposal",
        "publisher": "VPM News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/developer-withdraws-hanover-data-center-campus-proposal/",
        "label": "Developer withdraws Hanover data center campus proposal",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260203121049/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/900mw-data-center-campus-plan-withdrawn-in-hanover-county-virginia/",
        "label": "900MW data center campus plan withdrawn in Hanover County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Ten buildings totalling 3.9 million sq ft on land adjacent to Hunting Hawk Golf Club off Ashland Road, on the Hanover-Henrico line near western Henrico's Wyndham neighborhood. Sources give 400 acres of data center development within a 468-acre rezoning request, with three electrical substations and no on-site generation or wastewater plant. HHHunt owns the land and had previously sought to build an over-55 community there; that plan collapsed after a 2019 court loss to Henrico County over a disputed connector road. The 900MW figure comes from a campus marketing flyer, per DCD.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "HHHunt stated approximately 10,500 gallons of water daily using a reusable cooling system; private water and sewer systems that would not connect to county utilities were proposed."
    },
    "landAcres": 468,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Hundreds of residents from Hanover, Henrico and Goochland attended hearings citing traffic, water use, noise and rural-character impacts. Supervisor Susan Dibble said the proposal was not in compliance with the county's comprehensive plan and was 'simply not a good project in the right place'.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hickory-grove-generating-station-ia",
    "name": "Hickory Grove Generating Station",
    "operator": "Central Iowa Power Cooperative (CIPCO)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6803,
      "lon": -90.7318,
      "city": "Maysville",
      "county": "Scott",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 240
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-12",
        "note": "Scott County Board of Supervisors rejected the special-use permit 4-0; CIPCO pursued an Iowa Utilities Commission certificate instead (docket GCU-2026-0001).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cipco.net/hickory-grove-generating-station",
        "label": "Hickory Grove Generating Station — operator project page",
        "publisher": "Central Iowa Power Cooperative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvik.org/wvik-top-stories/2026-04-07/scott-county-residents-pack-iowa-utilities-commission-meeting-on-cipco-plant",
        "label": "Scott County residents pack Iowa Utilities Commission meeting on CIPCO plant",
        "publisher": "WVIK (Quad Cities NPR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "Proposed 240 MW simple-cycle gas peaker east of Maysville in Hickory Grove Township, rural Scott County. The fenced site would be roughly 30 acres; CIPCO holds options on about 90 acres. Timeline as reported: construction spring 2027, mechanical completion summer 2029, commercial operation late/winter 2029, over a three-year construction schedule employing about 200 workers, leaving 5 to 7 permanent staff. A reported construction cost of $350-400 million appears in secondary coverage not fetched this session and is therefore not recorded. Included in this dataset as new dispatchable capacity in a state whose load growth is driven substantially by data center development, though neither cited source names data centers as the driver.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Central Iowa Power Cooperative (CIPCO)"
    },
    "landAcres": 30,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 200,
      "permanent": 5,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The Scott County Board of Supervisors rejected the special-use permit 4-0 on 2026-02-12; the land is zoned agricultural preservation, a designation Scott County created in 2008 to protect productive soils. Dozens of residents, farmers and landowners oppose the site on agricultural-preservation and property-value grounds, and packed an Iowa Utilities Commission meeting in April 2026. The IUC can override local zoning: CIPCO could formally submit by 2026-05-06 at the earliest, under docket GCU-2026-0001, after which the commission has 45 days to schedule a public hearing.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "Simple-cycle combustion turbine peaking plant: CIPCO says it reaches full capacity in 10 minutes and anticipates operating less than 20 percent of the calendar year (reported elsewhere as typically 20 percent, at most 40 percent). Stack height approximately 150 feet. CIPCO chose the site for its proximity to increased demand, existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure and CIPCO-owned transmission lines. The plant would serve CIPCO's 58-county Iowa service area, with Eastern Iowa Light & Power REC as the local distributor — a cooperative system resource, not a contracted data center supply, so no offtaker is recorded."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "highwire-evansville-wy",
    "name": "Highwire Energy Partners Bitcoin Mining Facility (Evansville)",
    "operator": "Highwire Energy Partners",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8508,
      "lon": -106.2735,
      "city": "Evansville",
      "county": "Natrona",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://oilcity.news/community/2022/11/28/cryptocurrency-mining-operation-coming-to-evansville/",
        "label": "Cryptocurrency mining operation coming to Evansville",
        "publisher": "Oil City News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oilcity.news/startup/2021/03/05/modern-miners-new-casper-business-mines-bitcoin-at-unused-gas-wells/",
        "label": "Modern Miners: New Casper business mines Bitcoin at unused gas wells",
        "publisher": "Oil City News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/creek-road-miners-inc-completes-103100694.html",
        "label": "Creek Road Miners, Inc. Completes Merger with Prairie Operating Co., LLC",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance / GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Highwire Energy Partners (Casper, WY entrepreneurs Will Reese/Kris Holbrook/Wayne Neumiller) mined bitcoin at Wyoming wellhead sites using stranded/shut-in gas via field generators feeding custom 14x14 huts; Evansville Town Council unanimously approved a company-partner-owned Blackmore Road site in Nov 2022, described favorably by the mayor as a good use for otherwise-awkward land. Highwire's energy-producing assets (WY/SD/ND) were acquired by Creek Road Miners, Inc. on 2022-05-31. Creek Road Miners then merged with/renamed to Prairie Operating Co. (effective 2023-10-16) and repositioned entirely to conventional oil & gas E&P in the DJ Basin (Weld County, CO) — the merger-completion press release (Yahoo Finance, read directly) makes no mention of the Wyoming crypto-mining assets or their disposition. DIVESTITURE-TRAP CAVEAT: no direct closure announcement for the Evansville site itself was found; status 'cancelled' here is inferred from the successor company's complete pivot away from crypto mining and silence on the WY assets in its own investor materials — verify current site use (satellite/local news) before intake.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "stranded_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hillwood-sterling-buick-city-flint-mi",
    "name": "Buick City Data Center",
    "operator": "Hillwood-Sterling",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.043131,
      "lon": -83.6880801,
      "city": "Flint",
      "county": "Genesee",
      "street": "902 East Leith Street",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wnem.com/2026/06/03/flint-city-council-discuss-data-center-moratorium/",
        "label": "Flint City Council to discuss data center moratorium",
        "publisher": "WNEM TV5",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geneseecountyview.com/articles/burtonview/buick-city-redevelopment-moves-ahead-with-300-million-investment/",
        "label": "Buick City redevelopment moves ahead with $300 million investment",
        "publisher": "Genesee County View",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-reaches-agreement-flint-commerce-center-llc-regarding-redevelopment-portion-former",
        "label": "EPA Reaches Agreement with Flint Commerce Center LLC Regarding Redevelopment of a Portion of the Former Buick City Site",
        "publisher": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Address resolved from a WHOLLY DIFFERENT lane than last wave attempted (both Crain's Detroit and the direct EPA prospective-purchaser Federal Register notice 403'd/blocked every fetch this run, consistent with this repo's prior experience with Michigan sources). The address '902 East Leith Street, Flint, MI' for the broader former Buick City complex is independently confirmed by two fetched sources: Genesee County View's 2023-05-25 piece on Ashley Capital's adjacent 'Flint Commerce Center' redevelopment ('The site address provided in the article is: 902 E. Leith St. in Flint'), and EPA's own 2023-11-01 press release on the Flint Commerce Center LLC prospective-purchaser agreement for 'roughly 330 acres of the former Buick City manufacturing facility.' Leith Street is independently documented (via a non-cited Wikipedia cross-check, used only to sanity-check geography, not as a source) as the street that divides the ~413-acre Buick City site into northern and southern sections, and the chosen Leith Street road segment (of several OpenStreetMap-tagged segments) falls within the site's other documented boundary streets (E Pierson Rd to the north, N Saginaw St/Industrial to the west, E Hamilton Ave to the south, James P Cole Blvd to the east -- all geocoded this run to confirm the bounding box). This is the general Buick City site address, NOT a confirmed parcel boundary for Hillwood-Sterling's specific ~200-acre sub-parcel within it (Ashley Capital, not Hillwood-Sterling, is RACER Trust's direct purchaser of the larger site; Hillwood-Sterling's deal, per Gander Newsroom, is reported as a ~200-acre interest within the broader former Buick City footprint) -- precision 'approximate' reflects both the geocode-not-parcel caveat AND this sub-parcel uncertainty. CONFIDENCE RAISED from 'rumored' to 'reported': Gander Newsroom (updated 2026-09-03) names a specific developer ('Hillwood-Sterling, a joint venture backed by Dallas-based real estate developer Ross Perot Jr.') and a specific acreage under contract, which is more than an unsourced rumor, though it still falls short of a permit or filed site plan -- none exists yet because the moratorium blocks the city from accepting one. STATUS remains 'proposed': Gander Newsroom states 'it's still unclear who the end user would be for a potential Flint project -- or what size and investment it would involve,' and the moratorium (in effect since 2026-06-08) means 'no permit applications, site plans, or construction for data centers will be accepted or processed by the city of Flint' -- so no site-plan or rezoning application can exist yet by design, not by omission. CONFIRMED ABSENCES: no megawatt capacity, investment figure, or job count in any source fetched this run.",
    "landAcres": 200,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Flint City Council passed a one-year moratorium on data-center permitting, site plans and construction on June 8, 2026, explicitly while the city studies the issue; WNEM's coverage names the Buick site as one of several under discussion but does not itself name a developer or a filed application.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hines-hayward-exchange-92-ca",
    "name": "Hayward Exchange @92 Data Center",
    "operator": "Hines",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.631411,
      "lon": -122.119608,
      "city": "Hayward",
      "county": "Alameda",
      "street": "25800 Clawiter Road",
      "postalCode": "94545",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 49
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2021-02-11",
        "note": "City of Hayward approved application 201906718 for an industrial campus including a data center and three speculative industrial buildings.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "City of Hayward's data center application register lists the facility as currently operating.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hayward-ca.gov/business/for-developers/data-center-development-applications",
        "label": "Data Center Development Applications — City of Hayward",
        "publisher": "City of Hayward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.graywolf.com/projects/data-centers/hayward-exchange-92-data-center/",
        "label": "Hayward Exchange @92 Data Center — GrayWolf project page",
        "publisher": "GrayWolf",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=25800%20Clawiter%20Road%2C%20Hayward%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 25800 Clawiter Road, Hayward, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Roughly 300,000 sq ft data center building within the four-building Hayward Exchange @92 campus. The contractor's project page names Hines and MetLife Investment Management as owners and describes partial occupancy by Amazon; the city register names Hines as developer.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hines-walker-road-hillsboro-or",
    "name": "Hines Walker Road Data Center Site (10500 NE Walker Road, Hillsboro)",
    "operator": "Hines",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.52707,
      "lon": -122.87139,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "10500 NE Walker Road",
      "postalCode": "97006",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-13",
        "note": "Hillsboro development review case DR-032-25 ('Hines Data Center', 185th & Walker Road) reported as application complete and under staff review, no public hearing yet scheduled, as of 2026-08-13.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/next-wave-7-hillsboro-data-center-projects-march-ahead-as-humans-fight-it-out/",
        "label": "Next Wave: 7 Hillsboro data center projects march ahead — The Hillsboro Herald (2026-08-13)",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/the-real-story-data-centers-are-encroaching-on-hillsboros-schools-and-we-are-out-of-time/",
        "label": "The Real Story: data centers are encroaching on Hillsboro's schools — The Hillsboro Herald",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1585101/000158510122000026/wellsfargocenterpressrelea.htm",
        "label": "Hines Global Income Trust acquires Wells Fargo Center, Hillsboro (SEC exhibit)",
        "publisher": "U.S. SEC EDGAR / Hines Global Income Trust",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Single-outlet lead: The Hillsboro Herald reports a ~20-acre data center 'placeholder application' (DR-032-25) at 10500 NE Walker Road, a property owned by Hines Global Income Trust (the 212,000 sq ft Wells Fargo Center, per Hines' 2022 SEC press-release exhibit), about 120 feet from the Beaverton Academy of Science and Engineering. The Herald itself notes the developer, use and size were not publicly confirmed at the time. No operator statement, MW figure or site plan has been published — treat as unconfirmed until the city posts the application.",
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hivelocity-tpa1-tampa-fl",
    "name": "Hivelocity Tampa 1 (TPA1)",
    "operator": "Hivelocity",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.01989,
      "lon": -82.52466,
      "city": "Tampa",
      "county": "Hillsborough",
      "street": "8010 Woodland Center Blvd Suite 700",
      "postalCode": "33614",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hivelocity.net/products/colocation/tampa-1/",
        "label": "Hivelocity — Tampa 1 (TPA1) colocation facility page: 8010 Woodland Center Blvd #700, 15,000 sq ft raised floor, 260 tons N+2 CRAC cooling",
        "publisher": "Hivelocity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Tampa",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"Hivelocity\", 8010 Woodland Center Blvd suite 700, Tampa FL 33614",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "15,000 sq ft of raised floor; N+1 battery UPS, 3,750 gallons of diesel for about 5 days of generator runtime; concrete-block and steel construction with a 135-mph wind-rated roof.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Operator specifies 260 tons of N+2 CRAC cooling with sub-floor leak detection and no water-based heat rejection described."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hixson-bloom-fuel-cells-mcminnville-tn",
    "name": "Hixson Data Center On-Site Fuel Cell Plant (McMinnville)",
    "operator": "Hixson Data Center",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6834,
      "lon": -85.76998,
      "city": "McMinnville",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/25mw-ai-data-center-planned-for-mcminnville",
        "label": "25MW AI Data Center Planned for McMinnville",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/06/01/amid-plans-new-high-density-ai-data-center-campus-middle-tennessee-city-locals-push-moratorium-such-facilities/",
        "label": "Amid plans for new 'high-density' AI data center campus in a Middle Tennessee city, locals push for moratorium on such facilities",
        "publisher": "WSMV News 4 Nashville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/06/03/mcminnville-approves-18-month-moratorium-new-data-centers-creating-requirements-numerous-impact-studies/",
        "label": "McMinnville approves 18-month moratorium on new data centers, creating requirements for numerous impact studies",
        "publisher": "WSMV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hixsondc.com/",
        "label": "Hixson Data Center - Secure Data Room (project specifications)",
        "publisher": "Hixson Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 30,
      "notes": "Bloom Energy solid-oxide fuel cells: 33.15 MW nameplate, 30.0 MW guaranteed capacity, supplied by Middle Tennessee Natural Gas."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 2,600 McMinnville residents signed a petition for a temporary moratorium on new AI and large-scale data center approvals, triggered by the proposed Hixson Data Center project; the McMinnville Board of Mayor and Aldermen approved an 18-month moratorium on data center land-use, zoning, building, site-plan, and conditional-use permits on June 3, 2026, directly prompted by the project and requiring infrastructure, environmental, sound, and utility impact studies before any such facility can proceed. No representatives for the Hixson Data Center attended the vote, and no documented local support for the project was found.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation"
  },
  {
    "id": "hixson-data-center-mcminnville-tn",
    "name": "Hixson Data Center (McMinnville)",
    "operator": "Hixson Data Center",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6834,
      "lon": -85.76998,
      "city": "McMinnville",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/25mw-ai-data-center-planned-for-mcminnville",
        "label": "25MW AI Data Center Planned for McMinnville",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/06/01/amid-plans-new-high-density-ai-data-center-campus-middle-tennessee-city-locals-push-moratorium-such-facilities/",
        "label": "Amid plans for new 'high-density' AI data center campus in a Middle Tennessee city, locals push for moratorium on such facilities",
        "publisher": "WSMV News 4 Nashville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hixsondc.com/",
        "label": "Hixson Data Center - Secure Data Room (project specifications)",
        "publisher": "Hixson Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 30,
      "notes": "Bloom Energy solid-oxide fuel cells sized at 33.15 MW nameplate / 30.0 MW guaranteed, fed by Middle Tennessee Natural Gas, plus a 25 MW BESS and 8 x 4.4 MW continuous diesel generators for backup."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Direct-to-chip CDUs on a 25% propylene glycol circuit plus chilled-water AHUs and economizer heat exchangers - a recirculating water/glycol circuit, so closed_loop rather than air. No water-consumption figure is published."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hog-lick-aggregates-white-hall-marion-wv",
    "name": "Hog Lick Aggregates Data Center / Microgrid Proposal",
    "operator": "Hog Lick Aggregates",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4211977,
      "lon": -80.1825815,
      "city": "White Hall",
      "county": "Marion",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wdtv.com/2026/05/05/local-company-proposes-data-center-marion-county/",
        "label": "Local company proposes data center in Marion County",
        "publisher": "WDTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Very early-stage: Hog Lick Aggregates, which owns a 277-acre site in White Hall, Marion County (adjacent to the I-79 High Tech Park), launched a feasibility study (reported 2026-05-05/06) into a microgrid-powered data center on the property, explicitly with 'no timeframe for development' and expected to take 'several years before yielding actionable results' per company president Brian Redmond. The site is pitched partly as potential support capacity for the NOAA supercomputing facility at the adjacent I-79 High Tech Park. No capacity, investment, or job figures were disclosed. Coordinates are a White Hall community-level pin, not a parcel-level location, since no street address was given.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Company describes a plan combining natural gas generation with geothermal cooling drawing on water from a shuttered nearby coal mine, plus potential carbon capture and storage integration -- all still at feasibility-study stage, not a committed energy source or technology."
    },
    "landAcres": 277,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "holtec-brigham-city-smr-ut",
    "name": "Brigham City Nuclear Energy Ecosystem (Holtec SMR-300)",
    "operator": "Hi Tech Solutions with Holtec International",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.51104,
      "lon": -112.0155,
      "city": "Brigham City",
      "county": "Box Elder",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51497246/amid-intense-box-elder-county-data-center-debate-another-energy-plan-quietly-edges-ahead",
        "label": "Amid intense Box Elder County data center debate, another energy plan quietly edges ahead",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/utah-and-industry-leaders-announce-major-nuclear-energy-partnership-brigham-city",
        "label": "Utah and Industry Leaders Announce Major Nuclear Energy Partnership in Brigham City",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51488565/utah-box-elder-county-officials-mull-plan-to-spur-energy-production-data-center-development",
        "label": "Utah, Box Elder County officials mull plan to spur energy production, data center development",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found in available reporting. All three cited sources (KSL x2, American Public Power Association) frame the project purely as private investment (\"$750 million in private investment\") and jobs, with no tax, grant, or incentive mechanism named. This is an absence in available reporting, not an exhaustive check: Brigham City's own municipal site was unreachable this session (intermittent DNS resolution), so its CRA/RDA board agendas could not be checked directly, and Utah's MIDA site was also unreachable (redirects to an unrelated login page). Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Holtec's SMR-300 small modular reactor. KSL reports 'Four to 10 small modular reactors' at 'perhaps 300 megawatts of power' each, totalling '1.2 to 3 gigawatts if four to 10 are built'. capacityMw.planned records 1200 MW — the LOW end of that announced range (4 x 300 MW) — because the upper bound depends on a buildout nobody has committed to. Beyond generation, the partners intend to manufacture SMR technology in Brigham City for export. The project is part of Governor Cox's 'Operation Gigawatt' initiative and 'will undergo full state and federal review'."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 750000000,
    "jobs": {},
    "community": {
      "notes": "KSL reports the nuclear initiative has drawn minimal public backlash, in sharp contrast to the O'Leary/Stratos data center proposal in the same county, which drew protesters to the Box Elder County Commission. Governor Cox said Brigham City is 'stepping up as a leader in the nuclear renaissance.'"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation"
  },
  {
    "id": "holtwood-hydroelectric-lancaster-county-pa",
    "name": "Holtwood Hydroelectric Station",
    "operator": "Brookfield Renewable",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.8331,
      "lon": -76.3339,
      "city": "Holtwood",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-07-15",
        "note": "Existing Susquehanna River hydro station brought under Google's hydro framework agreement with Brookfield.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.witf.org/2025/07/16/google-to-buy-3b-worth-of-electricity-for-data-centers-from-holtwood-safe-harbor-hydroelectric-plants/",
        "label": "Google to buy $3B worth of electricity for data centers from Holtwood, Safe Harbor hydroelectric plants",
        "publisher": "WITF",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/pennsylvania-s-70-billion-race-for-america-s-data-centers",
        "label": "Pennsylvania's $70 Billion Race for America's Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "No per-plant capacity recorded — all located figures are two-plant combined totals. County recorded as Lancaster since the powerhouse sits on the Lancaster side; the impoundment spans into York County.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "hydro",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "Covered by the same 20-year, more-than-$3-billion Google/Brookfield hydro framework agreement announced July 15, 2025; 670 MW is contracted across Holtwood and Safe Harbor combined. The dam spans the Susquehanna River between Martic Township (Lancaster County) and Chanceford Township (York County). Plants are to be relicensed, upgraded or overhauled."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "homer-city-energy-campus-generation-pa",
    "name": "Homer City Energy Campus — natural gas generation",
    "operator": "Homer City Redevelopment",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5383,
      "lon": -79.1542,
      "city": "Homer City",
      "county": "Indiana",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-04-02",
        "note": "Homer City Redevelopment and Kiewit announced redevelopment of the retired Homer City coal plant into an on-site natural-gas-powered AI/HPC data-center campus with up to 4.5 GW of new generation from seven GE Vernova turbines.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Pennsylvania DEP issued the air-quality plan approval; first turbine deliveries expected 2026, first power targeted 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gevernova.com/news/press-releases/homer-city-redevelopment-kiewit-announce-country-largest-natural-gas-powered-data-center-support-ai-hpc-demand",
        "label": "Homer City Redevelopment and Kiewit announce country's largest natural-gas-powered data-center campus",
        "publisher": "GE Vernova",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dep/dep-regions/northwest-regional-office/homer-city-generation-redevelopment",
        "label": "Homer City Generation Site Redevelopment",
        "publisher": "Pennsylvania DEP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/homer-city-gas-fired-power-station-data-center-firstenergy/744332/",
        "label": "Largest US gas-fired power plant planned for data centers in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/pittsburgh/2026/03/31/homer-city-power-plant-grid-data-centers-pennsylvania",
        "label": "Homer City power plant to boost grid as data-center demand rises",
        "publisher": "Axios",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://files.dep.state.pa.us/RegionalResources/NWRO/NWROPortalFiles/Homer-City/Air/Final-AQ-Plan-Approval/FINAL%20PLAN%20APPROVAL%2032-00457A.pdf",
        "label": "PA DEP Air Quality Plan Approval 32-00457A — Homer City Generation LP",
        "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.homercityredevelopment.com/project-overview",
        "label": "Project Overview - Homer City Redevelopment",
        "publisher": "Homer City Redevelopment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Homer_City_Generating_Station",
        "label": "Homer City Generating Station",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Dedicated on-site power generation for the co-located Homer City Energy Campus data centers (tracked separately as homer-city-energy-campus-pa). Redevelopment of Pennsylvania's largest former coal plant into up to 4.5 GW of natural-gas generation via seven GE Vernova turbines; PA DEP air-quality plan approval issued 2025-11-20, first power targeted 2027. Same-site companion to the data-center record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "PJM (interconnects with FirstEnergy Pennsylvania Electric); site also touches NYISO",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter baseload for the on-site data-center campus, with surplus delivered to the local grid. Fueled by Marcellus natural gas (EQT supply) via the nearby Texas Eastern pipeline."
    },
    "emissions": {
      "permittedTpy": {
        "nox": 1142.8,
        "co": 1104.8,
        "pm": 843.19,
        "pm25": 840.02,
        "pm10": 842.23,
        "so2": 211.76,
        "voc": 332.16,
        "co2e": 17551454,
        "h2so4": 165.73,
        "formaldehyde": 32.2,
        "hapsTotal": 57.1
      },
      "basis": "facility_wide",
      "averagingPeriod": "rolling_12_month",
      "unitsCovered": "seven (7) combined-cycle combustion turbines (CCs) and up to ten (10) simple cycle aeroderivative gas turbines (ADGTs)",
      "permitNumber": "32-00457A",
      "permitType": "state_construction",
      "issuingAgency": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection",
      "issuedDate": "2025-11-18",
      "notes": "Permitted CEILINGS from the plan approval, not measured emissions. Stated at site level under \"SECTION C. Site Level Plan Approval Requirements\", each \"Based on a 12-month rolling total\". The permit prints the sulfur cap as \"Sulfur Oxides (SOx)\" - recorded here under so2 with no conversion. Individual HAPs beyond formaldehyde, also tpy: acetaldehyde 2.94, ethylbenzene 2.35, propylene oxide 2.13, toluene 9.58, xylene 4.72. Permit issued 2025-11-18, expires 2027-05-31; it is a Pennsylvania plan approval (a pre-construction authorisation), NOT a Title V operating permit and not styled a PSD permit - the string \"PSD\" does not appear in it. SCOPE CAVEAT: the permit authorises up to 17 combustion turbines (7 CC + up to 10 ADGT), while this record’s generation.unitCount of 7 describes only the seven GE Vernova 7HA.02 combined-cycle machines - the two counts measure different things and must not be reconciled by editing either. The permittee is \"HOMER CITY GENERATION LP\"; this record’s operator is the developer, Homer City Redevelopment. Twelve emergency generators carry no tpy limit at all (Tier 4 plus a 500 hr/yr cap). Two other figure sets exist in the project record and are NOT these caps and must never be merged with them: the PSD net emissions increase, and emission reduction credits from the retired coal units.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Homer City Energy Campus",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "homer-city-energy-campus-pa"
      ],
      "unitCount": 7,
      "notes": "Seven hydrogen-enabled GE Vernova gas turbines (7HA.02 class) rated up to 4.5 GW combined — described as the largest US natural-gas plant powering an on-site AI data-center campus, on the ~3,200-acre site of the retired 1,884 MW Homer City coal plant (demolished 2023–25). 4.5 GW is an 'up to' ceiling with no confirmed point value. Total campus investment (generation plus data centers) reported at ~$10B, backed by Knighthead Capital Management."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "homer-city-energy-campus-pa",
    "name": "Homer City Energy Campus",
    "operator": "Homer City Redevelopment",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5383,
      "lon": -79.1542,
      "city": "Homer City",
      "county": "Indiana",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4500
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site natural gas (GE Vernova turbines; 4.5 GW on-site generation; data center IT load not separately disclosed)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-04-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04-02",
        "note": "Announced as conversion of former Homer City coal plant (retired 2023); $10B project; 3,200 acres; $5M PA state grant; environmental permit challenged by groups",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Ground broken; ~1,200 workers on-site as of 2026; first vertical steel beams raised; GE Vernova turbine deliveries beginning 2026; power targeted 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alleghenyfront.org/homer-city-pennsylvania-gas-plant-data-center-ai/",
        "label": "In Western Pennsylvania, a former coal town gets a gas-fired data center — The Allegheny Front",
        "publisher": "The Allegheny Front",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/pittsburgh/2026/03/31/homer-city-power-plant-grid-data-centers-pennsylvania",
        "label": "Homer City power plant to boost grid as data-center demand rises — Axios Pittsburgh",
        "publisher": "Axios",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gevernova.com/news/press-releases/homer-city-redevelopment-kiewit-announce-country-largest-natural-gas-powered-data-center-support-ai-hpc-demand",
        "label": "Homer City Redevelopment and Kiewit announce country's largest natural-gas-powered data-center campus — GE Vernova",
        "publisher": "GE Vernova",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dep/dep-regions/northwest-regional-office/homer-city-generation-redevelopment",
        "label": "Homer City Generation Site Redevelopment — Pennsylvania DEP",
        "publisher": "Pennsylvania DEP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/homer-city-gas-fired-power-station-data-center-firstenergy/744332/",
        "label": "Largest US gas-fired power plant planned for data centers in Pennsylvania — Utility Dive",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2026/07/pennsylvania-data-centers-emissions-gas-plants-climate-environment/",
        "label": "New power plants for data centers would worsen pollution — Spotlight PA",
        "publisher": "Spotlight PA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250402452555/en/Homer-City-Redevelopment-and-Kiewit-Announce-Countrys-Largest-Natural-Gas-Powered-Data-Center-Campus-to-Support-AI-and-HPC-Demand",
        "label": "Homer City Redevelopment and Kiewit Announce Country's Largest Natural Gas-Powered Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Business Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/homer-city-and-kiewit-unveil-plans-for-45gw-natural-gas-powered-ai-data-center-in-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Homer City and Kiewit unveil plans for 4.5GW natural gas powered AI data center in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.homercityredevelopment.com/project-overview",
        "label": "Project Overview - Homer City Redevelopment",
        "publisher": "Homer City Redevelopment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "EPC contractor: Kiewit.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "PJM (via FirstEnergy Pennsylvania Electric)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 4500,
      "notes": "Redevelopment of the former Homer City coal plant (Pennsylvania's largest, demolished 2023–25) into what developers call the largest US natural-gas plant powering an on-site AI data-center campus — seven GE Vernova 7HA.02 turbines cited at 'up to 4.4–4.7 GW' (a ceiling; no confirmed point value). EQT is to supply Marcellus gas; first power is targeted for 2027. PA DEP issued the air-quality plan approval on Nov 20, 2025. Developers describe the redevelopment site as spanning more than 3,200 acres."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "A legacy 1,800-acre reservoir (Two Lick) remains available for cooling; NPDES permit PAD320011 (June 2026) covers Two Lick Creek outfalls. No cooling-water volume (MGD) is disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Pennsylvania state grant — natural-gas pipeline interconnection",
        "amountUsd": 5000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 3200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 10000,
      "permanent": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "A strong local-revival narrative (an economic anchor after the 2023 coal-plant closure, backed by state officials) meets organized environmental opposition — the air permit drew 500+ comments and Clean Air Council opposition citing ~17M tons CO2e/year, potentially Pennsylvania's largest single pollution source. Developers project ~10,000 construction and ~1,000 permanent jobs.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "honda-longmont-co",
    "name": "Honda Data Center (1601 Dry Creek Drive)",
    "operator": "Honda",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.139512,
      "lon": -105.1361216,
      "city": "Longmont",
      "county": "Boulder",
      "street": "1601 Dry Creek Drive",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/honda-longmont",
        "label": "Honda Longmont Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "18,700 sq ft computer room (1.6 MW equipment load) inside a 543,610 sq ft, 44.13-acre multi-tenant office complex built 1982; Tier III, LEED Silver. Originally built out by Stream Data Centers, later Zayo (2017); current Honda operator attribution is per aggregator listing only (checked 2026-09-13), not an operator press release, so confidence is 'reported' rather than 'confirmed'. The same building separately houses Intrado Life & Safety's own headquarters/data-center operation (per public directory listings, 2026-09-13) — a distinct facility, not captured here for lack of independently-verified capacity detail; worth a follow-up pass. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the building address, not a confirmed suite/parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "host-digital-northeast-oklahoma-ok",
    "name": "Host Digital Northeast Oklahoma Data Center",
    "operator": "Host Digital Infrastructure LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.154,
      "lon": -95.9928,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 43
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-31",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Described by the company as an existing, currently energized facility; 43 MW of critical IT load leased under a 15-year take-or-pay agreement, tenant delivery expected in H1 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/31/3353118/0/en/hcwc-announces-host-digital-secures-1-25-billion-15-year-ai-data-center-lease.html",
        "label": "HCWC Announces Host Digital Secures $1.25 Billion, 15-Year AI Data Center Lease",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / Healthy Choice Wellness Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/oklahoma/host-digital-locks-usd-1-25-billion-15-year-ai-data-center-lease-in-northeast-oklahoma",
        "label": "Host Digital Locks In 15-Year AI Data Center Lease",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "⚠️ LOCATION NEEDS CONFIRMATION BEFORE PUBLICATION: both cited sources place the facility only in 'northeast Oklahoma' and do not name a city; the coordinates recorded here are a provisional approximation for the Tulsa metro and are not parcel- or address-confirmed. Lease terms: ~$1.25bn over a 15-year base take-or-pay term, ~$3.2bn if all renewals are exercised, tenant backstopped by a US investment-grade technology company.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostdime-eatonville-fl",
    "name": "HostDime Orlando Tier IV Data Center",
    "operator": "HostDime",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.6106,
      "lon": -81.3806,
      "city": "Eatonville",
      "county": "Orange",
      "street": "1 Innovative Place",
      "postalCode": "32751",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hostdime.com/new-orlando-data-center",
        "label": "HostDime New Orlando Data Center",
        "publisher": "HostDime",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://docs.hostdime.com/data-center-data-sheets/Orlando-Tier-IV-Data-Center-Data-Sheet_74907752/",
        "label": "Orlando Tier IV Data Center data sheet",
        "publisher": "HostDime",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.growthspotter.com/2023/10/16/data-center-along-i-4-in-eatonville-nears-completion-despite-ballooning-construction-costs/",
        "label": "Data center along I-4 in Eatonville nears completion despite ballooning construction costs",
        "publisher": "GrowthSpotter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2026/06/16/eatonville-council-weighs-transparency-push-as-data-center-raises-resident-concerns/",
        "label": "Eatonville council weighs transparency push as data center raises resident concerns",
        "publisher": "ClickOrlando",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/06/eatonville-council-turns-up-heat-on-hostdime-data-center-over-water-power-fears/",
        "label": "Eatonville council turns up heat on HostDime data center over water, power fears",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hostdime-seeks-deadline-extension-for-data-center-in-eatonville-orlando/",
        "label": "HostDime seeks deadline extension for data center in Eatonville, Orlando",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Orlando",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"HostDime Orlando Tier IV Data Center\", 1 Innovative Place, Orlando FL",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "5-acre parcel (of the historic 99-acre Hungerford tract) fronting I-4 at Wymore Rd -- governing municipality is Eatonville, not Maitland; HostDime's own current marketing copy lists a mailing address of \"1 Innovative Pl, Maitland, FL 32751\" while an aggregator (baxtel) lists \"1000 Wymore Rd, Eatonville, FL\" for the same building -- both addresses are disputed/unverifiable via parcel search, so no street field is recorded. 100,000 sq ft, 7-story building, 3 data-center floors, >1,000 racks. Groundbreaking May 2021; HostDime's own landing page and data-sheet page disagree on completion quarter (Q3 2026 vs Q2 2026) and the project has slipped repeatedly since an original ~2024 target; as of ClickOrlando's June 2026 report the facility was still not open. Investment is conflicting and stale: GrowthSpotter (Oct 2023) reported an original $35M budget grown to $58M actual (65.7% overrun); a separately-circulating $100M figure is single-sourced and unreconciled, so no investmentUsd is recorded. No disclosed capacityMw. Distinct from HostDime's unrelated, already-operational 25,000 sq ft Tier III facility at 440 W Kennedy Blvd, Orlando. Eatonville Town Council (led by Councilwoman Wanda Randolph) has pushed a transparency measure over electricity/water use, noise, and appearance, and has assessed missed-deadline fines ($250-500/day); this intersects Florida SB 484 (effective July 1, 2026), which expands local authority over large-load customers and data-center water permits. Re-checked 2026-09-10: still under_construction. HostDime has requested multiple deadline extensions from the town of Eatonville (this is the third); September 2026 reporting says the facility could open as early as October 2026 pending final inspection.",
    "landAcres": 5,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Eatonville Town Council members have pushed for transparency and raised water/power/noise/appearance concerns; the town has assessed missed-deadline fines. No lawsuit or formal permit denial identified as of Aug 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hp-cherokee-data-center-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "Cherokee Data Center (Tulsa)",
    "operator": "Hewlett-Packard",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2085,
      "lon": -95.9137,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational ~430,000 sq ft facility in the Cherokee Industrial Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — Cherokee Data Center, Tulsa",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/tulsa",
        "label": "Tulsa Data Centers & Colocation — HP Cherokee Data Center (Tulsa)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "~430,000 sq ft facility in the Cherokee Industrial Park, north Tulsa. Operator is recorded as the cited sources state it; current ownership was not independently verified this session, so confidence is 'reported'. Distinct from Project Clydesdale, a separate 506-acre greenfield campus near the same industrial park in unincorporated Tulsa County. Coordinates approximate to the Cherokee Industrial Park area.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hub787-carolina-pr",
    "name": "HUB787",
    "operator": "HUB Advanced Networks",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 18.442021,
      "lon": -66.021669,
      "city": "Carolina",
      "street": "8030 Isla Verde Ave",
      "state": "PR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.investpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/InvestPR_Landing-Pads_Hub-787_EN.pdf",
        "label": "A landing pad primed for tech innovation — Hub787",
        "publisher": "Invest Puerto Rico",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/6107",
        "label": "HUB787 Data Center — PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hub.pr/services/hub-787.html",
        "label": "HUB 787 — services page",
        "publisher": "HUB Advanced Networks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "202,885 SF facility in Isla Verde, Carolina; third-floor Tier III cable landing station + data center per Invest Puerto Rico's fact sheet, which states it 'hosts five submarine cable systems and interconnects to a total of 10 submarine cables serving all major markets,' with a second, smaller HUB787 facility in Hato Rey, San Juan (not separately recorded here — no address given for it). Coordinates are the facility's own PeeringDB listing (18.442021, -66.021669); an independent Nominatim cross-check returned no result this session (environmental — Nominatim gave empty results for this and other PR queries this run, not a disproof), so precision is left 'approximate' rather than 'exact'. aiClassification omitted deliberately: the InvestPR sheet lists AI & Machine Learning tech companies as a target tenant profile (marketing/target-market language), not a statement that AI/HPC workloads are actually deployed at the site today.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hunters-ridge-south-data-center-campus-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Hunters Ridge South Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "American Real Estate Partners (AREP)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.213,
      "lon": -77.482,
      "city": "Spotsylvania",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-08-27",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/08/27/spotsylvania-board-of-supervisors-approve-potential-2-2-million-square-foot-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Fredericksburg Free Press — Spotsylvania Board of Supervisors approve potential 2.2M sq ft data center campus (Hunters Ridge South, 5-2 vote, Aug 27 2025)",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/08/11/spotsylvania-planning-commission-recommends-approval-of-2-2-million-square-foot-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Fredericksburg Free Press — Spotsylvania Planning Commission recommends approval of 2.2M sq ft data center campus (Aug 11 2025)",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fredericksburg.com/news/local/article_db51f74a-c54f-4ee9-92c1-60273b3bf2f7.html",
        "label": "The Free Lance-Star — Spotsylvania approves Hunter's Ridge data center project",
        "publisher": "The Free Lance-Star (fredericksburg.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Applicant AREP SOF III HRS LLC (an American Real Estate Partners entity; \"HRS\" = Hunters Ridge South). ~73 acres at the southern end of Cosner Drive; up to ~2.278M sq ft of data center space. Spotsylvania Planning Commission recommended approval Aug 11 2025; Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning (Rural + Mixed-Use → Industrial) 5-2 on Aug 27 2025 — an expansion beyond the earlier \"original Hunters Ridge\" project. Amazon Web Services participated as an applicant/end-user in the county's Sept 23 2025 joint session, so AWS is the anticipated tenant. Distinct from tracked AWS Cosner (ST23-0031, ~38.234/-77.535) and PowerHouse 95 (AREP/Harrison Street, ~38.17/-77.66). Coordinates approximate (Cosner Drive geocode; parcels not GIS-confirmed this pass).",
    "landAcres": 73,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Spotsylvania Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning on a split 5-2 vote (Aug 27, 2025), after the Planning Commission recommended approval (Aug 11, 2025).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-batavia-il",
    "name": "Hut 8 Batavia Data Center",
    "operator": "Batavia DC Corp (Hut 8 Corp subsidiary)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.859,
      "lon": -88.275,
      "city": "Batavia",
      "county": "Kane",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-07-21",
        "note": "Batavia City Council approved the Master Services Agreement with Batavia DC Corp (Hut 8 subsidiary) 12-1 on July 21, 2025; a follow-up amended agreement (water terms) was approved September 2025. Initial 20 MW operation targeted winter 2026; full 50 MW buildout phased through ~2031.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kane-county-chronicle/2025/08/01/batavia-data-center-gets-nod-as-residents-worry-about-it-gobbling-up-energy-reserves/",
        "label": "Batavia data center gets nod as residents worry about it 'gobbling up' energy reserves",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Kane County Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kane-county-chronicle/2025/09/02/500m-batavia-data-center-could-be-limited-to-1k-gallons-of-water-per-day/",
        "label": "$500M Batavia data center could be limited to 1K gallons of water per day",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Kane County Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/08/26/3139102/0/en/Hut-8-Announces-Plans-to-Develop-Four-New-Sites-with-More-Than-1-5-GW-of-Total-Capacity.html",
        "label": "Hut 8 Announces Plans to Develop Four New Sites with More Than 1.5 GW of Total Capacity",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (Hut 8 Corp)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://il-batavia.civicplus.com/1248/City-of-Batavia-Data-Center-Project",
        "label": "City of Batavia Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "City of Batavia, IL (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/hut-8-batavia-il",
        "label": "Hut 8: Batavia, IL Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel (data center directory)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://poweredbywho.com/projects/hut-8-batavia-data-center-22915976",
        "label": "Hut 8 Batavia Data Center, Illinois",
        "publisher": "PoweredByWho",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "Requires ~$18M off-site electrical improvements (developer-funded, city-reimbursed over 7 years via utility revenue) and a fourth substation transformer plus added ComEd capacity to reach full 50 MW. City projects ~$2.3M/yr utility revenue + $375K/yr franchise fees at 20 MW, rising to ~$5.7M/$800K at 50 MW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Amended agreement caps facility water draw/discharge at 1,000 gallons/day (city-metered); closed-loop cooling system needs an initial ~450,000-gallon ionized-water charge, replaced roughly every 5.5 years."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 7.2,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Council approved 12-1 (one dissent, one absent) amid resident concern the facility would 'gobble up' local energy reserves. The agreement contains an explicit contractual ban on 'blockchain-related activities, including bitcoin (digital money) mining' at this site.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-beacon-point-robstown-tx",
    "name": "Hut 8 Beacon Point AI Campus",
    "operator": "Hut 8",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.7897,
      "lon": -97.6689,
      "city": "Robstown",
      "county": "Nueces",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 352
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Hut 8 commercialized Phase 1 of its 1 GW Beacon Point campus with a 15-year, 352 MW IT lease ($9.8B base-term contract value); delivery Q3 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hut-8-commercializes-first-phase-of-1-gw-beacon-point-ai-data-center-campus-with-15-year-352-mw-it-lease-with-base-term-contract-value-of-9-8-billion-302763484.html",
        "label": "Hut 8 commercializes first phase of 1 GW Beacon Point AI data center campus with 15-year, 352 MW IT lease",
        "publisher": "Hut 8 Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hut-8-announces-pricing-of-4-25-billion-of-investment-grade-senior-secured-notes-for-beacon-point-data-center-project-302792238.html",
        "label": "Hut 8 prices $4.25 billion of senior secured notes for Beacon Point data center project",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Hut 8 Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kristv.com/news/local-news/in-your-neighborhood/corpus-christi/calallen/beacon-point-ai-massive-data-center-planned-for-nueces-county",
        "label": "Beacon Point: massive AI data center planned for Nueces County",
        "publisher": "KRIS-TV (Corpus Christi)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/ai-data-center-bring-17b-211739130.html",
        "label": "AI data center to bring $17B investment to Nueces County",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance / Axios",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "1 GW site near Robstown, Nueces County; Phase 1 = a 15-year, 352 MW IT lease. The $9.8B base-term contract value is revenue, not capex (in notes). Delivery targeted Q3 2027. Coordinates are the Robstown area centroid. Hut 8 declined to confirm any tax abatement and the Nueces County Judge said the county's abatement policy was out of date, so none could have been granted -> subsidies honest-zero. investmentUsd records the $4.25B non-recourse project-bond financing for Phase 1 construction (352 MW + substation), distinct from the $9.8B lease contract value; the ~$17B combined Phase 1-2 figure is a projection.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Texas",
      "notes": "1,000 MW interconnection agreement with AEP Texas; energization expected Q1 2027. Hut 8 is funding an on-site substation via the $4.25B project bond; no on-site generation disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling filled once with water trucked from outside Nueces County (~4-7 year refill cycle); no municipal draw for cooling. Municipal use is ~10,000 gal/day domestic only (restrooms/sinks) - not cooling water -> reportedMgd omitted."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4250000000,
    "jobs": {
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Residents raised concerns at public meetings about water use amid Nueces County Stage 3 restrictions, power demand, and proximity to homes; Corpus Christi officials said they were 'surprised by the announcement.' Hut 8 CEO Asher Genoot publicly defended the project against 'misinformation'; the AA-/higher-rated hyperscale tenant is undisclosed. No litigation as of 2026-07-08.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-king-mountain-mccamey-tx",
    "name": "King Mountain Facility (50% JV)",
    "operator": "Hut 8",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.2547925,
      "lon": -102.244163,
      "city": "McCamey",
      "county": "Upton",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 280
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "280 MW, behind-the-meter at a wind farm, owned via a 50% joint venture.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1964789/000110465926055891/hut-20260331x10q.htm",
        "label": "Hut 8 10-Q Q1 2026 (site list)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "280 MW, behind-the-meter at a wind farm, owned via a 50% joint venture. Enumerated in Hut 8's 10-Q.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-logan-prairie-latham-il",
    "name": "Logan Prairie Data Center",
    "operator": "Hut 8 Corp",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.9672,
      "lon": -89.1614,
      "city": "Latham",
      "county": "Logan",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Operator describes the project as in early development, not yet approved; local permitting and utility approvals outstanding",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hut8.com/data-centers/logan-prairie",
        "label": "Logan Prairie Data Center — Hut 8",
        "publisher": "Hut 8 Corp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "AI/cloud campus proposed near Latham in Logan County; estimated up to $65M/year in property tax revenue and a project labor agreement with local trades. landAcres omitted: the operator page states 50 acres while press accounts describe roughly 200 acres of farmland. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Hut 8's own project page documents a real community-engagement process -- a public meeting before the Logan County Board's Zoning and Economic Development Committee (2026-01-05), a local radio interview (2026-01-15), and a community open house at the Lincoln Banquet Center (2026-02-04) -- but records no resident reaction, vote outcome, or opposition/support statement from any of those events. Checked: operator project page only; Logan County meeting minutes not checked.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Ameren Illinois",
      "notes": "Grid-served by Ameren Illinois inside MISO; formal interconnection and system impact studies required before energization."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop recirculation; cooling water trucked in from outside Logan County and reused approximately four to seven years. About 9,000 gallons/day of local water for domestic needs only."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1500,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-river-bend-west-feliciana-la",
    "name": "Hut 8 River Bend AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Hut 8",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.79,
      "lon": -91.38,
      "city": "St. Francisville",
      "county": "West Feliciana",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 330
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Entergy Louisiana); campus adjacent to River Bend Nuclear Generating Station",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Hut 8 selects West Feliciana Parish for River Bend AI campus. Fluidstack confirmed as anchor tenant (245 MW IT load).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "West Feliciana Parish Council votes unanimously (6-0) to approve project on January 6, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Construction underway on Phase I (two 450,000 sq ft facilities). Anthropic signs long-term lease agreement. Jacobs (Dallas) serves as EPCM partner. Operations expected Q2 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/hut-8-selects-southeast-louisiana-as-site-of-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center",
        "label": "Hut 8 selects Southeast Louisiana for $10B AI data center",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/planned-hut-8-data-center-in-west-feliciana-parish-louisiana-gets-green-light/",
        "label": "Planned Hut 8 data center in West Feliciana Parish gets green light",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/hut-8-selects-entergy-southeast-louisiana-for-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center",
        "label": "Hut 8 selects Entergy, Southeast Louisiana for $10 billion artificial intelligence data center",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hut8.com/data-centers/river-bend",
        "label": "River Bend | Hut 8",
        "publisher": "Hut 8",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "River Bend campus on 611 acres in West Feliciana Parish. Fluidstack (backed by Google) is primary tenant; Anthropic also signed a long-term lease. Phase I: two 450,000 sq ft facilities. Phase II (additional facilities) targeted by end of 2026. Coordinates approximate St. Francisville area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "330 MW from Entergy Louisiana for 245 MW of critical IT load. Proximity to River Bend Nuclear Generating Station (St. Francisville) enables accelerated grid interconnection timeline. Power mix includes nuclear baseload."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Louisiana Act 730 Sales and Use Tax Rebate",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Louisiana Quality Jobs Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 611,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 75,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "West Feliciana Parish voted unanimously 6-0 to approve project. Parish to receive up to $90M/year in tax revenue. Parish President Kenny Havard: 'This is our new oil boom in Louisiana.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-salt-creek-culberson-tx",
    "name": "Hut 8 Salt Creek Facility",
    "operator": "American Bitcoin (Hut 8)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.825,
      "lon": -103.909,
      "county": "Culberson",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 63
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-04-16",
        "note": "Energized in phases beginning April 16, 2024 (78 days from groundbreaking to first energization); still operating and staffing as of 2025 operational updates.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/04/16/2863407/0/en/Hut-8-optimizes-self-mining-operations-as-miners-come-online-at-Salt-Creek.html",
        "label": "Hut 8 optimizes self-mining operations as miners come online at Salt Creek",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (Hut 8 Corp)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/03/31/3052066/0/en/Hut-8-and-Eric-Trump-Launch-American-Bitcoin-to-Set-a-New-Standard-in-Bitcoin-Mining.html",
        "label": "Hut 8 and Eric Trump Launch American Bitcoin to Set a New Standard in Bitcoin Mining",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (Hut 8 Corp)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cdn.kscope.io/4a3545ac7cd83ed5809d42e808998efa.pdf",
        "label": "Hut 8 Corp Form 10-KT (filed 2024-03-28), Item 2 Properties",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR (kscope.io mirror)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/hut-8-culberson-county-tx",
        "label": "Hut 8: Culberson County, TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel (data center directory)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/orla-tx",
        "label": "Orla, Texas: A Historical Overview of the Rural Oil Supply Center",
        "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Hut 8's first fully greenfield-developed mining site; built to 63 MW; ~3.6 EH/s self-mining capacity potential per Hut 8's FY2023 10-KT. Uses Hut 8's proprietary 'Reactor' energy-curtailment/optimization software."
    },
    "landAcres": 1.9,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "hut8-vega-amarillo-tx",
    "name": "Hut 8 Vega Facility",
    "operator": "American Bitcoin (Hut 8)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.207,
      "lon": -101.834,
      "city": "Amarillo",
      "county": "Potter",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 205
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "205 MW ASIC colocation, energized June-July 2025; hosts American Bitcoin.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1964789/000110465926055891/hut-20260331x10q.htm",
        "label": "Hut 8 10-Q Q1 2026 (site list)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/article/eric-trump-donald-trump-american-bitcoin-newest-arm-trump-crypto-empire/",
        "label": "Eric Trump's American Bitcoin: Inside the newest arm of the Trump crypto empire",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "205 MW ASIC colocation, energized June-July 2025; hosts American Bitcoin. Enumerated in Hut 8's 10-Q site list.",
    "stakeholders": [
      {
        "name": "Eric Trump",
        "role": "founder",
        "via": "American Bitcoin",
        "note": "Co-founder and chief strategy officer of American Bitcoin, which mines at this site; he toured the Vega facility in person shortly after it came online in mid-2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 1,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "hydravault-chicago-il",
    "name": "HydraVault Chicago",
    "operator": "HydraVault",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.846546,
      "lon": -87.6254598,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2538 South Wabash Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60616",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-28",
        "note": "Construction permit secured; Power Construction Company commenced work immediately. Early user access targeted for December 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hydravault-secures-construction-permit-for-downtown-chicagos-first-purpose-built-ai-facility-power-construction-to-commence-work-immediately-302596035.html",
        "label": "HydraVault Secures Construction Permit for Downtown Chicago's First Purpose-Built AI Facility",
        "publisher": "HydraVault via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (HydraVault LLC, Chicago, 2025 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Purpose-built for AI training/inference and low-latency trading, at densities up to 200kW per rack. Subsidy value is the state's estimated tax benefit on a $270,000,000 investment commitment. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator describes a closed-loop waterless cooling design with hybrid air and liquid (direct-to-chip / rear-door heat exchanger) cooling; stated annualised PUE of 1.19."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 16875000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "hyperblock-bonner-mt",
    "name": "Bonner Mill Bitcoin Mine (Project Spokane / HyperBlock)",
    "operator": "HyperBlock Inc.",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.872644,
      "lon": -113.873623,
      "city": "Bonner",
      "county": "Missoula",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2017",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://missoulian.com/news/local/bonner-bitcoin-mining-riding-out-cratering-market/article_bd285a25-a979-52da-bf67-95188e1072b4.html",
        "label": "Bonner Bitcoin mining riding out cratering market",
        "publisher": "Missoulian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bitcointalkradio.com/bonner-bitcoin-company-ceases-operations/",
        "label": "Bonner bitcoin company ceases operations",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Talk Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/policy/montana-cryptocurrency-zoning-law-may-be-countrys-first.html",
        "label": "Montana Cryptocurrency Zoning Law May Be Country's First",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://missoulian.com/news/local/bonner-bitcoin-data-center-noise-a-continuing-concern/article_fbb8efe6-0261-54bf-8462-9482e8b03b48.html",
        "label": "Bonner Bitcoin data center noise a continuing concern",
        "publisher": "Missoulian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Opened April 2017 as Project Spokane, Montana's first crypto-mining operation, at the former Bonner (Milltown) sawmill industrial site; acquired by HyperBlock in July 2018 (13,000+ servers at peak, using as much power as roughly a third of the county's homes). Persistent resident complaints about cooling-fan noise led Missoula County to adopt interim, then in 2021 permanent, crypto-mining zoning rules -- among the first of their kind in the US. HyperBlock ceased operations and the facility filed for bankruptcy/shut down in spring 2020; no current bitcoin-mining operator. The same Bonner Mill site is now associated with a separate, more recent proposed AI data-center project (a different facility type, not evaluated here).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hyperdatagrid-lufkin-angelina-county-tx",
    "name": "HyperDataGrid Lufkin Data Center (Former Timber Mill Site)",
    "operator": "HyperDataGrid",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.3383,
      "lon": -94.7292,
      "city": "Lufkin",
      "county": "Angelina",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-13",
        "note": "County judge confirmed the project; land clearing begun."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/hyperdatagrid-plans-data-center-on-former-timber-mill-site-near-lufkin-texas",
        "label": "HyperDataGrid plans data center on former timber mill site near Lufkin, Texas",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Sited on a former timber-mill parcel on Highway 103 West / Ben Dunn Road; land clearing underway, electrical and water agreements reportedly secured, ~12-month timeline to operational status. Closed-loop liquid, direct-to-chip cooling planned.",
    "landAcres": 40,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "hyperscale-data-dowagiac-mi",
    "name": "Hyperscale Data Dowagiac Campus",
    "operator": "Hyperscale Data, Inc.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.984,
      "lon": -86.109,
      "city": "Dowagiac",
      "county": "Cass",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 340,
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dbusiness.com/daily-news/hyperscale-datas-michigan-ai-data-center-doubles-its-land-holdings",
        "label": "Hyperscale Data's Michigan AI Data Center Doubles its Land Holdings",
        "publisher": "DBusiness",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/ai-data-center-expansion-dowagiac-loud-noise-complaints-residents-southwest-michigan-hyperscale-megawatt-bitcoin-wwmt",
        "label": "'Nothing but a noise trap': Dowagiac residents push back against AI data center expansion",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://seekingalpha.com/pr/20171525-hyperscale-data-targets-full-buildout-of-340-mw-michigan-ai-data-center-campus-in-2029",
        "label": "Hyperscale Data Targets Full Buildout of 340 MW Michigan AI Data Center Campus in 2029",
        "publisher": "Hyperscale Data, Inc. (press release via Seeking Alpha)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/hyperscale-data-center-dowagiac-michigan-lawsuit-double-size-acres-acquire-land-noise-sue-ai-alliance-cloud-services-legal-class-action-wwmt",
        "label": "Hyperscale data center to more than double its Dowagiac campus amid class action lawsuit",
        "publisher": "WWMT Newschannel 3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Former manufacturing site at 415 East Prairie Ronde Street, Dowagiac; converting from Bitcoin-mining infrastructure toward AI/HPC colocation use, branded by the company as its 'Michigan AI Data Center.' Currently ~30 MW operational (still includes legacy bitcoin mining), targeting 340 MW -- hence aiClassification 'mixed_use' rather than 'confirmed'. Recently completed a 48.5-acre acquisition, bringing the campus to ~83 acres total. Publicly traded company (Hyperscale Data, Inc.) sold ~100 BTC and opened a bitcoin-backed credit facility to fund construction, per its own reporting. Cass County passed a resolution urging more development transparency after resident noise complaints. Coordinates are an approximate Dowagiac city estimate, not parcel-geocoded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Operator reports an agreement in principle with the local electric utility to increase available power to 300 MW, plus an agreement in principle with the local natural gas utility to supply an extra 40 MW. Neither utility is named in the release."
    },
    "landAcres": 83,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Nearby residents have raised noise and environmental concerns ('nothing but a noise trap'); Cass County adopted a transparency resolution in response."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "ibm-quantum-data-center-poughkeepsie-ny",
    "name": "IBM Quantum Data Center, Poughkeepsie",
    "operator": "IBM",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6603798,
      "lon": -73.9400178,
      "city": "Poughkeepsie",
      "county": "Dutchess",
      "street": "705 River Edge Drive",
      "postalCode": "12601",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09-26",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-09-26",
        "note": "IBM announced completion of an expansion of its Poughkeepsie quantum data center, installing a second IBM Heron processor and bringing the site to more than a dozen quantum computers offered over IBM Cloud.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ibm-expands-quantum-data-center-in-poughkeepsie-new-york-to-advance-algorithm-discovery-globally-302259851.html",
        "label": "IBM Expands Quantum Data Center in Poughkeepsie, New York to Advance Algorithm Discovery Globally",
        "publisher": "IBM (via PR Newswire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=IBM+Poughkeepsie&format=json&limit=5&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim: feature named \"IBM Quantum Data Center\", 705 River Edge Drive, Poughkeepsie NY 12601 (OSM way 195803647)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "IBM's quantum computing data center on its Poughkeepsie campus. IBM describes it as operating the highest number of available utility-scale quantum computers at a single location in the world. IBM does not publish electrical capacity, water use, land area or investment for this facility, so those fields are omitted rather than estimated.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iep-hummingbird-power-plant-greene-county-pa",
    "name": "Project Hummingbird Power Plant",
    "operator": "International Electric Power",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.79,
      "lon": -79.92,
      "city": "Greensboro",
      "county": "Greene",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 944
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-26",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-26",
        "note": "Announced as the dedicated generation for the co-located Hummingbird data center campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/iep-plans-944-mw-behind-the-meter-gas-plant-in-pennsylvania-to-power-data-c/758830/",
        "label": "IEP plans 944-MW behind-the-meter gas plant in Pennsylvania to power data center",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://iepwr.com/227-2/",
        "label": "Hummingbird — International Electric Power project page",
        "publisher": "International Electric Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Tracked separately from the co-located compute campus (same pattern as the Homer City campus/generation split). The 944 MW is generation capacity, not the data center's IT load — do not sum the two records.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter combined-cycle gas turbines with battery storage and backup from an existing grid interconnection. Manufacturing slots secured with turbine delivery expected in 2028; expected operational Q1 2029. IEP's own page describes the plant as approximately 910 MW. The plant is proposed to serve a co-located Project Hummingbird compute campus, which Compute Atlas does not track as a separate facility record; no powered-facility link is recorded rather than pointing at an id that does not exist."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "immersionbtc-walnut-ridge-ar",
    "name": "ImmersionBTC Walnut Ridge Mine",
    "operator": "ImmersionBTC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0684,
      "lon": -90.9526,
      "city": "Walnut Ridge",
      "county": "Lawrence",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2019",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/arkansans-complete-guide-to-cryptocurrency-and-crypto-mining",
        "label": "Arkansan's complete guide to cryptocurrency and crypto-mining",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kait8.com/2023/11/06/town-welcome-second-crypto-mining-facility/",
        "label": "Town to welcome second crypto-mining facility",
        "publisher": "KAIT8",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Owner Ben Smith, president of the Arkansas Blockchain Council, mining in Arkansas since 2019; positioned in local press as a locally-owned, lower-conflict counterexample to the foreign-owned mines (Green Digital/NewRays One, Jones Digital/Jones Eagle) that drew lawsuits and noise complaints. A second, unnamed-operator facility on Midway Road (south side of Walnut Ridge) was under construction as of Nov 2023 with engineered sound barriers targeting 55 dB at the property line — held separately pending an operator name.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "immersion",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "impactdata-greensboro-nc",
    "name": "ImpactData Greensboro",
    "operator": "ImpactData",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0726,
      "lon": -79.792,
      "city": "Greensboro",
      "county": "Guilford",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "ImpactData building a 20 MW facility in Greensboro, targeting completion mid-2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/latest-list-of-biggest-largest-upcoming-data-centers-north-carolina-united-states-us",
        "label": "List of upcoming data centers in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Blackridge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "20 MW facility in Greensboro, Guilford County, targeting mid-2026 completion. Single-tracker source → confidence reported. Coordinates are the Greensboro centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "inch-eastern-land-south-annville-lebanon-pa",
    "name": "South Annville Township Data Center Campus (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "Inch & Co. / Eastern Land & Resources Co. (1235 Martina Drive Owner)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.290713,
      "lon": -76.5192514,
      "city": "South Annville Township",
      "county": "Lebanon",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05-13",
        "note": "Counsel for the petitioner wrote to the Board of Supervisors that it had 'decided to no longer pursue the development of a data center in South Annville Township.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lebtown.com/2026/05/13/south-annville-twp-data-center-project-scrapped-after-grass-roots-opposition/",
        "label": "South Annville Twp. data center project scrapped after grass-roots opposition",
        "publisher": "LebTown",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "A $1.7 billion proposal for five buildings of about 150,000 sq ft each across roughly 99 acres on four parcels near Mount Pleasant Road and U.S. Route 422, west of Annville Borough, by York-based Inch & Co. in a joint venture with Eastern Land & Resources Co. The application sought rezoning of about 58 acres to I-1 industrial. Withdrawn May 13, 2026. Coordinate is a township-centroid geocode.",
    "investmentUsd": 1700000000,
    "landAcres": 99,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A community organizer gathered more than 500 petition signatures, described as roughly one third of the township's adult population. The planning commission voted unanimously on May 5, 2026 against recommending the rezoning.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "infobunker-boone-ia",
    "name": "InfoBunker Underground Data Center",
    "operator": "InfoBunker, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.16522,
      "lon": -93.79436,
      "city": "Boone",
      "county": "Boone",
      "street": "308 T Avenue",
      "postalCode": "50036",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2007",
        "note": "Trade press reported the facility in service with its first colocation clients as of 2007, following a multi-million-dollar rebuild of the bunker.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.infobunker.com/overview.shtml",
        "label": "Infobunker — The Most Secure & Reliable Data Center in Iowa",
        "publisher": "InfoBunker, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://facilityexplorer.iowadnr.gov/FacilityExplorer/SiteDetail.aspx?facID=310505952",
        "label": "Iowa DNR Facility Explorer — Infobunker, 308 T Ave, Boone, IA 50036 (State Facility ID 310505952)",
        "publisher": "Iowa Department of Natural Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://clui.org/ludb/site/infobunker-att-boone-tower-site",
        "label": "Infobunker AT&T Boone Tower Site",
        "publisher": "Center for Land Use Interpretation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/physical-security/infobunker-nuke-proof-iowa-data-center",
        "label": "InfoBunker: Nuke-Proof Iowa Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Colocation built inside a hardened 1960s AT&T AUTOVON communications bunker in farmland north of Des Moines. The operator describes over 65,000 sq ft, five stories underground, three-foot reinforced concrete, 2N+2 redundant air handling filtered to 0.3 microns, and layered biometric and mantrap security. Coordinates come from the Iowa DNR facility record, which documents 20 m locational accuracy; the operator's website lists a West Des Moines corporate address (4350 Westown Pkwy) that is not the facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "inl-c3-idahofalls-id",
    "name": "Idaho National Laboratory Collaborative Computing Center (C3)",
    "operator": "Idaho National Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.4666,
      "lon": -112.0341,
      "city": "Idaho Falls",
      "county": "Bonneville",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://jedunn.com/projects/idaho-national-laboratory-c3-data-centers/",
        "label": "Idaho National Laboratory C3 Data Centers",
        "publisher": "JE Dunn Construction",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aeieng.com/markets/project/idaho-national-laboratory-the-collaborative-computing-center-c3",
        "label": "Idaho National Laboratory - The Collaborative Computing Center (C3)",
        "publisher": "AEI Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "High-performance computing data center on INL's Research and Education Campus (REC) in Idaho Falls -- distinct from INL's much larger remote desert 'Site' reservation (see the separate Aalo Atomics record in this batch). Houses DOE/INL supercomputers including Sawtooth, Hoodoo, and Bitterroot, supporting nuclear-energy modeling/simulation, materials science, and data science research; remote access is provided to Idaho university researchers via the Idaho Regional Optical Network. Built alongside the adjacent Cybercore Integration Center (80,979 sq ft) as part of a combined ~148,000 sq ft project; C3 itself is variously reported as 66,520 sq ft (general contractor JE Dunn) and 73,000 sq ft (engineering subconsultant AEI), and its power capacity is similarly inconsistent between fetched sources -- JE Dunn describes an '8MW High Performance Computing (HPC) Data Center with 2MW of redundancy' and a 'Day 1 installation of 4MW capacity,' while AEI's page states '1.5 MW total power'; these were not reconciled and no capacityMw field is recorded here pending a source that resolves the discrepancy. Completed circa 2022 per JE Dunn's project metadata. No exact street address was given in either source fetched.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "intermountain-power-delta-ut",
    "name": "Intermountain Power Project (IPP Renewed)",
    "operator": "Intermountain Power Agency",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.51034,
      "lon": -112.57998,
      "city": "Delta",
      "county": "Millard",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 840
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ipautah.com/ipp-renewed/",
        "label": "IPP Renewed — Intermountain Power Agency",
        "publisher": "Intermountain Power Agency",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://power.mhi.com/regions/amer/success-stories/ipp-renewed",
        "label": "IPP Renewed — Mitsubishi Power Americas success story",
        "publisher": "Mitsubishi Power Americas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://daqpermitting.utah.gov/DocViewer?IntDocID=158288&contentType=application/pdf",
        "label": "Utah DAQ Approval Order DAQE-AN103270031-25 — Intermountain Power Agency",
        "publisher": "Utah Division of Air Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ipprenewed.com/about/",
        "label": "IPP Renewed — project overview (states the rebuild proceeds with no government subsidies)",
        "publisher": "Intermountain Power Agency",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy. IPA's own IPP Renewed project page states the natural-gas and hydrogen rebuild proceeds \"with no government subsidies\". The existing plant's property-tax treatment is a statutory fee-in-lieu-of-tax applying to a Utah interlocal political subdivision — standard tax treatment for a government-owned entity, not a negotiated site-level incentive.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "IPA's own page states the replacement units deliver '840 megawatts net generation output' and began commercial operation in July 2025, running '30 percent hydrogen fuel at start-up, transitioning to 100 percent hydrogen fuel by 2045.' Mitsubishi Power describes the plant as an '840 MW class GTCC' built on two M501JAC gas turbines plus two steam turbines and two generators, replacing a coal facility of 'about 1.8 GW'. Hydrogen is to be stored in solution-mined geologic salt caverns at the adjacent Advanced Clean Energy Storage project, which Mitsubishi describes as a '220 MW water electrolysis unit' producing 'up to 100 tons of green hydrogen per day'. LADWP is the largest purchaser and acts as Operating Agent and Project Manager; other participants are municipal utilities and rural cooperatives across six states."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Utah DAQ Approval Order DAQE-AN103270031-25 lists under \"II.A.6 Cooling Towers\": \"Two six-cell linear mechanical draft cooling towers (LMDCTs)\" at \"88,341 gpm of cooling water per tower\", directly beneath the two 487 MW combined-cycle turbines. Mechanical-draft cooling towers reject heat by evaporation, which is the methodology’s canonical `evaporative` case. The permit contains no closed-loop, dry-cooler or air-cooled-condenser language anywhere (verified: zero occurrences). This describes the POWER PLANT’s own cooling, not a data centre load."
    },
    "landAcres": 4614,
    "facilityType": "power_generation"
  },
  {
    "id": "interstate-holdings-blockchain-cabot-ar",
    "name": "Interstate Holdings Blockchain Cabot Mine",
    "operator": "Interstate Holdings Blockchain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.9748,
      "lon": -92.0179,
      "city": "Cabot",
      "county": "Lonoke",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/arkansas-officials-halt-cryptomine-near-lr-airbase-due-to-national-security-concerns-state-senator-ricky-hill-lonoke-county-judge-doug-erwin-cabot-mayor-ken-kincade-interstate-holdings-arkansas-blockchain-council-benjamin-smith-steven-landers-jr-lrafb",
        "label": "Arkansas officials halt cryptomine near LR Airbase due to national security concerns",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/cryptomine-owned-by-steve-landers-jr-to-be-built-after-judge-lifts-cease-desist-cabot-doug-erwin-little-rock-air-force-base-arkansas-blockchain-council-president-benjamin-smith-chinese-crypto-jones-digital-green-digital-national-security-noise-bono-china",
        "label": "Cryptomine owned by Steve Landers Jr. to be built after judge lifts cease & desist",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/crypto-mining-facility-owner-speaks-022809587.html",
        "label": "Crypto mining facility owner speaks on addressing community concerns amid plans for Vilonia expansion",
        "publisher": "KLRT FOX16 (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "American-owned (Steve Landers Jr., of the Landers Auto Group family; Arkansas Blockchain Council member) — company positions itself against Chinese-owned rivals. Lonoke County Judge Doug Erwin issued a cease-and-desist in fall 2024 over unpermitted land-clearing/floodplain concerns; lifted in Dec 2024 after FEMA requirements were met. State Sen. Ricky Hill and Cabot Mayor Ken Kincade raised national-security concerns given the <5-mile proximity to Little Rock Air Force Base. By March 2025 the company reported the facility open and 'well received,' running ~60 dB (comparable to a restaurant/office) and using 'excess' contracted Entergy power. Same operator separately pursued (and lost) a Vilonia, Faulkner County site — see companion candidate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "interstate-holdings-blockchain-vilonia-ar",
    "name": "Interstate Holdings Blockchain Vilonia Mine (proposed, denied)",
    "operator": "Interstate Holdings Blockchain",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.1073,
      "lon": -92.2071,
      "city": "Vilonia",
      "county": "Faulkner",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://arktimes.com/arkansas-blog/2025/05/21/vilonia-rejects-crypto-mine-proposed-by-steve-landers-jr",
        "label": "Vilonia rejects crypto mine proposed by Steve Landers Jr.",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/city-of-vilonia-denies-permit-for-steve-landers-jr-cryptomine-interstate-holdings-blockchain-cryptomining-green-digital-newrays-one-faulkner-county-arkansas-bitcoin-data-center-opposition-mike-matos-bono-planning-commission-meeting-cabot-lonoke-crypto",
        "label": "City of Vilonia denies permit for Steve Landers Jr. cryptomine",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Proposed by Interstate Holdings Blockchain (Steve Landers Jr., who also operates the Cabot, Lonoke County site) for a wooded parcel next to Vilonia's Entergy substation. Vilonia's Planning Commission recommended denial on April 24, 2025 after two-plus hours of public opposition; the City Council unanimously upheld the denial on May 20, 2025, citing noise and grid-load concerns. This is a separate/second Faulkner County proposal from the earlier Green Digital/NewRays One project that was also tried in the Vilonia area before relocating to Bono.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "invitium-energy-carroll-township-perry-county-pa",
    "name": "Invitium Energy Natural Gas Power Plant (Shermans Dale)",
    "operator": "Invitium Energy LLC (PPL / Blackstone joint venture)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.32,
      "lon": -77.17,
      "city": "Shermans Dale",
      "county": "Perry",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-12",
        "note": "Listed among active Pennsylvania data-center-related energy projects with DEP interaction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/08/governors-office-expected-to-announce.html?m=1",
        "label": "Governor's Office Expected To Announce Further Steps To Regulate A.I. Data Centers; 100 Data Center Proposals Being Discussed in PA, 55 Have Some Interaction With DEP",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Early-stage. Recorded because it is a dedicated generation project explicitly tied to data center load; capacity, site acreage and offtaker are all unpublished.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Proposed to feed data centers. DEP invited comment on the project's proposed use of emission reduction credits. No capacity figure has been published in a source fetched this session, so none is recorded."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ip-pathways-urbandale-ia",
    "name": "IP Pathways Urbandale Data Center",
    "operator": "IP Pathways",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6275758,
      "lon": -93.7672535,
      "city": "Urbandale",
      "county": "Polk County",
      "street": "3600 109th Street",
      "postalCode": "50322",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Operator lists the Urbandale facility as a live colocation data center with 5,817 sq ft of white space and 5,000 kW of critical power capacity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ippathways.com/solutions/data-center-and-colocation/",
        "label": "Data Center and Colocation Services - IP Pathways",
        "publisher": "IP Pathways",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Operator-published figures: 5,817 sq ft white space, 5,000 kW critical power, up to 17.2 kW per rack, SOC 2 Type II and HIPAA compliant, carrier-neutral with a meet-me room. Coordinates geocoded from the operator's published street address to an OpenStreetMap building-level match. IP Pathways also operates data centers in Omaha, NE and Kansas City, MO; only the Iowa site is recorded here.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iren-horizon-childress-tx",
    "name": "IREN Horizon — Childress, TX",
    "operator": "IREN (Iris Energy)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.4276,
      "lon": -100.2046,
      "city": "Childress",
      "county": "Childress",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Horizon 1 (75 MW gross / 50 MW IT) announced March 11, 2025; construction underway at existing Childress campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "IREN signs $9.7B five-year Microsoft GPU cloud contract November 2025; Horizons 1–4 at Childress targeted for end-2026 full deployment",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Horizon 1 (50 MW IT / 75 MW gross) energized Q4 2025 — IREN's first purpose-built AI data center; Horizons 2–4 remain under construction",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/iren-plans-75mw-liquid-cooled-ai-data-center-in-texas/",
        "label": "IREN plans 75MW liquid-cooled AI data center in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://iren.com/data-centers/childress",
        "label": "Childress Data Center — 750MW AI-Optimised Facility",
        "publisher": "IREN (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/03/3178993/0/en/IREN-Secures-9-7bn-AI-Cloud-Contract-with-Microsoft.html",
        "label": "IREN Secures $9.7bn AI Cloud Contract with Microsoft",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewsWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/iren-horizon-1",
        "label": "IREN: Horizon 1 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2026/05/18/iren-continues-developing-data-center-campus-childress/",
        "label": "IREN continues developing data center campus in Childress",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 10 (Amarillo)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-signs-97bn-cloud-capacity-deal-with-iren/",
        "label": "Microsoft signs $9.7bn cloud capacity deal with IREN",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://northwiseproject.com/iren-stock-childress/",
        "label": "Northwise Project — IREN Stock Childress: Inside the 750MW Texas AI Factory",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "SEPARATE SITE from IREN Sweetwater (Nolan/Fisher County — do not conflate). Full 750 MW figure is total campus transmission capacity; the AI/Microsoft Horizon 1–4 build-out comprises four 50 MW IT (75 MW gross) liquid-cooled data halls = 200 MW IT total, targeting end-2026 delivery. Horizon 1 (50 MW IT / 75 MW gross) energized Q4 2025 — operational; Horizons 2–4 remain under construction as of mid-2026. Coordinates approximate (county seat area). Site is a 576-acre freehold parcel with on-site 345 kV substations connecting directly to ERCOT. Investment for Horizon 1–4 reported as $300–350M (range; not a firm figure — omitted from investmentUsd). Microsoft contract ($9.7B total, 5-year through ~2031) covers NVIDIA GB300 Blackwell Ultra GPU cloud services; 20% upfront prepayment funded capex. Dell Technologies hardware supply agreement: $5.8B. IREN also holds a separate NVIDIA cloud services contract at Childress. Rack density 130–200 kW per rack; projected PUE 1.05–1.10. Approximately 25 current full-time local employees, 50+ expected at 750 MW full build-out; over 500 contractors during construction phase (approximate reported figures — omitted from jobs numeric fields). IREN Community Grants Program distributes $250,000 annually to the Childress area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ERCOT",
      "notes": "Direct 345 kV grid connection via on-site substations owned by IREN. IREN states it utilizes abundant low-cost renewable energy available on ERCOT and actively curtails consumption during high-demand periods. No on-site gas generation confirmed for this site."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Direct-to-chip closed-loop liquid cooling. IREN states the system does not consume water on an ongoing basis; annual top-ups require roughly as much water as a few houses. Water is trucked in externally — deliberately not drawn from Childress municipal supply. System described as analogous to a vehicle radiator."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Iris Energy Reinvestment Zone No. 1 (Chapter 312 Texas Tax Code property-tax abatement)",
        "jurisdiction": "Childress County, TX",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 576,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Local leadership and community described as strongly supportive. IREN COO stated community partnership was essential to construction progress. Community Grants Program distributes $250,000 annually to Childress area. IREN committed to local hiring and contracting with local businesses where possible.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "iren-project-emerald-kiowa-ok",
    "name": "Project Emerald (Kiowa)",
    "operator": "IREN",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.7206516,
      "lon": -95.8991586,
      "city": "Kiowa",
      "county": "Pittsburg",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-21",
        "note": "Pittsburg County Tax Incentive District review committee voted to advance an economic development plan tied to the project to the participating taxing entities.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/project-emerald-ai-data-center-plan-in-pittsburg-county-moving-forward",
        "label": "'Project Emerald': AI data center plan in Pittsburg County moving forward",
        "publisher": "KJRH",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mcalesternews.com/news/proposed-data-center-concerns-residents/article_41fbeecd-9293-49d4-8156-1d3aaa3f686b.html",
        "label": "Proposed data center concerns residents",
        "publisher": "McAlester News-Capital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Proposed 2,000-acre campus along U.S. Highway 69 just south of Kiowa in Pittsburg County, with an alternative siting roughly 8 miles south in Atoka County also under consideration; both sides of Highway 69 are in play. Coordinates are the town of Kiowa, not a parcel-confirmed footprint. This is a DIFFERENT IREN site from the already-tracked IREN Woods County campus in northwest Oklahoma. Capacity and investment figures circulating in secondary coverage were not stated in the two sources read here, so they are deliberately omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)",
      "notes": "IREN representative Jason Date told KJRH the campus would draw power from PSO."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "IREN says water would come from the City of Kiowa, with the possibility of hauling water in from outside the county or state if needed, and states it is \"confident it would not use excess water quantities.\" Residents at the April 2026 hearings cited a ~5 million gallons/day operating figure as a concern; that figure is a community claim, not an operator-reported number."
    },
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents raised concerns over electricity costs, water use, noise, property values, pre-existing oil leases and grid reliability; two public meetings were scheduled at Kiowa High School in May 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iren-sweetwater-tx",
    "name": "IREN Sweetwater Campus",
    "operator": "IREN (Iris Energy)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4707,
      "lon": -100.4059,
      "city": "Sweetwater",
      "county": "Nolan",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Jan 21, 2025 IREN business update: first formal public announcement of 1,400 MW Sweetwater data center development. October 2024 update had disclosed HPC/AI pivot on 1,300+ acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Mar 17, 2025: IREN announces 600 MW grid connection agreement for Sweetwater 2 in Fisher County, bringing total secured power to 2.75 GW across West Texas.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "May 1, 2026: Sweetwater 1 1,400 MW substation energized, connecting to ERCOT grid via 345kV high-voltage line. Data centers commissioning in phases; power to ramp with construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-announces-successful-energization-sweetwater-1",
        "label": "IREN Announces Successful Energization of Sweetwater 1",
        "publisher": "IREN investor relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/05/01/3286213/0/en/iren-announces-successful-energization-of-sweetwater-1.html",
        "label": "IREN Announces Successful Energization of Sweetwater 1 (May 1, 2026)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-business-update",
        "label": "IREN Business Update Jan 21, 2025 — first 1,400 MW Sweetwater announcement",
        "publisher": "IREN investor relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/static-files/899b6969-7d10-4722-a259-f0ed5576bef3",
        "label": "IREN Secures 2.75GW for Data Centers in West Texas — Sweetwater 2 600 MW announcement (Mar 17, 2025)",
        "publisher": "IREN investor relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-secures-97bn-ai-cloud-contract-microsoft",
        "label": "IREN Secures $9.7bn AI Cloud Contract with Microsoft (Nov 3, 2025)",
        "publisher": "IREN investor relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/iren-energizes-first-phase-of-2gw-sweetwater-data-center-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "Iren energizes first phase of 2GW Sweetwater data center campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/IREN/iren-secures-2-75gw-for-data-centers-in-west-texas-with-new-600mw-s2dozeguu2xw.html",
        "label": "IREN Expands Data Center Power to 2.75GW with New Texas Agreement (Sweetwater 2)",
        "publisher": "StockTitan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globaldatacenterhub.com/p/nvidia-anchors-iren-with-34b-contract",
        "label": "NVIDIA Anchors IREN With $3.4B Contract And $2.1B Equity Warrant (May 2026)",
        "publisher": "Global Data Center Hub",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sweetwaterreporter.com/county-approves-tax-increment-reinvestment-zone-to-enable-development-of-hyperscale-data-center-solar-power/article_1905ef84-a73c-4e87-8f02-e62e4aa72a74.html",
        "label": "Nolan County approves Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone No. 1 for hyperscale data center development (June 2025)",
        "publisher": "Sweetwater Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/10/02/rural-texas-data-centers-water/",
        "label": "Rural Texas casting skeptical eye on data center openings — water concerns (Oct 2025)",
        "publisher": "Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Two-site campus: Sweetwater 1 (1,400 MW, ~1,700 acres, Nolan/Jones County boundary area) substation energized May 1, 2026 via 345kV ERCOT connection; data centers commissioning in phases. Sweetwater 2 (600 MW, ~500 acres, Fisher County, near Hamlin TX, ~28 miles from SW1) targeted energization late 2027 per IREN (some sources cite 2028). Direct fiber loop planned between sites for single 2 GW compute hub with <10ms latency to Dallas. Coordinates are approximate (Sweetwater city center, Nolan County seat). County boundary sources conflicting: DCD says Fisher County for both sites; interconnection.fyi and dispatch brief cite Nolan County for SW1; northwiseproject.com says Nolan and Jones Counties span the campus. IREN's $9.7B Microsoft contract (Nov 2025) and $3.4B NVIDIA contract (May 2026) are company-wide deals currently deployed at Childress, TX campus (Horizon 1-4); the NVIDIA partnership press release specifically names Sweetwater as the flagship future deployment site for NVIDIA DSX factory architecture. No confirmed customer contracts specific to Sweetwater site as of 2026-07-07. IREN was in Sweetwater since 2022 as a Bitcoin mining site; HPC/AI pivot announced October 2024. Interconnection.fyi lists renewable energy sourcing via RECs (wind/solar) at this site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ERCOT",
      "notes": "345kV high-voltage connection to ERCOT grid. IREN and third-party sources describe West Texas as one of the world's largest renewable energy markets; interconnection.fyi lists renewable energy via RECs (wind/solar) for this site."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Direct-to-chip liquid cooling plus supplemental air cooling. Closed-loop design described by IREN and analysts as dramatically reducing water consumption vs. traditional evaporative approaches. West Texas arid climate noted as a water-conservation design driver. No reported MGD figure confirmed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone (TIRZ) No. 1, Nolan County",
        "jurisdiction": "Nolan County, TX",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 8
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 2200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 700,
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "No documented site-specific opposition to IREN Sweetwater found. Nolan County TIRZ public hearing (June 2025) recorded zero opposition comments. Broader rural West Texas context: Texas Tribune (Oct 2025) reported growing community concern over data center water use; Texas PUC water survey (June 2026) found most operators non-responsive. TIRZ was approved by Nolan County to enable hyperscale data center development; specific operator in TIRZ article is Deriva Energy (ROW agreement), not confirmed as IREN.",
      "sourceIndex": 9
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "iren-woods-county-ok",
    "name": "IREN Woods County Campus",
    "operator": "IREN (Iris Energy)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.8031,
      "lon": -98.667,
      "city": "Alva",
      "county": "Woods",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1600
    },
    "poweredBy": "Southwest Power Pool (SPP) grid",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "IREN land bank of ~2,000 acres in Woods County with a secured 1.6 GW power allocation on the SPP grid; power ramp from 2028",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/iren-woods-county-oklahoma",
        "label": "IREN Woods County Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://iren.com/data-centers/oklahoma",
        "label": "IREN Oklahoma data center — 1,600 MW, 2,000 acres, 2028 substation energization",
        "publisher": "IREN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "~2,000-acre land bank near Alva, Woods County, with a secured 1.6 GW power allocation on the Southwest Power Pool grid; initial power ramp scheduled for 2028. IREN's land-bank expansion beyond its operational Texas campuses (Childress, Sweetwater). Single-tracker source → confidence reported. Coordinates are the Alva area centroid. Capacity re-sourced 2026-08-08: IREN's own Oklahoma page states \"1,600 MW\", \"2,000 Acres\" and \"2028 Substation Energization\", status \"IN DEVELOPMENT\" — replacing an aggregator listing as the basis for the figure. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked baxtel.com's project profile (2026-09-10) -- it covers only technical/permitting facts (2,000-acre site on the SPP grid) plus one unrelated statewide article (Oklahoma's data-center ratepayer-protection bill, 2026-05-16). No hearing, resident reaction, or local-official statement specific to the Woods County/Alva site was found in this source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "OG&E",
      "notes": "Southwest Power Pool (SPP) grid; 1.6 GW allocation."
    },
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "iris-solar-washington-parish-la",
    "name": "Iris Solar",
    "operator": "D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments (DESRI)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.78184,
      "lon": -90.19536,
      "city": "Franklinton",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-11-01",
        "note": "Commercial operations began November 1, 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/new-iris-solar-facility-online-serving-customers",
        "label": "New Iris Solar facility online and serving customers",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 63128, Iris Solar LLC)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Distinct from the separately tracked Entergy-owned Bogalusa West Solar Station, which is also in Washington Parish but ~35 km east near Bogalusa, and from Sunlight Road Solar ~2 km west.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy New Orleans",
      "notes": "Entergy New Orleans buys the output under a 20-year power purchase agreement."
    },
    "landAcres": 492,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "About 187,000 panels on a 492-acre tract on Highway 16 near Franklinton."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-city-wells-karthaus-township-clearfield-pa",
    "name": "Iron City Wells A.I. Data Center",
    "operator": "Iron City Wells, LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1420054,
      "lon": -78.1040324,
      "city": "Karthaus Township",
      "county": "Clearfield",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01-31",
        "note": "DEP issued an air quality plan approval for 15 natural gas-fired generators to power the data center; notice published in the January 31, 2026 PA Bulletin.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/01/dep-issues-air-quality-permit-for-15.html",
        "label": "DEP Issues Air Quality Permit For 15 Natural Gas Generators To Power Iron City Wells, LLC Data Center In Karthaus Twp., Clearfield County",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Application documents are held at DEP's Northcentral Regional Office, 208 West Third Street, Suite 101, Williamsport. Coordinate is a township-centroid geocode; the permit notice does not give a site address. No megawatt rating is stated for the generators, so capacity is not recorded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "DEP air quality plan approval covers 15 natural gas-fired electric generators serving the data center."
    },
    "emissions": {
      "permittedTpy": {
        "nox": 19.93,
        "co": 29.52,
        "pm25": 3.03,
        "pm10": 3.03,
        "so2": 0.2,
        "voc": 20.43,
        "co2e": 51759,
        "hapsTotal": 0.92
      },
      "basis": "facility_wide",
      "unitsCovered": "15 natural gas-fired electric generators",
      "permitType": "state_construction",
      "issuingAgency": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection",
      "issuedDate": "2026-01-31",
      "notes": "Limits as printed in the January 31, 2026 PA Bulletin notice (page 671). The 3.03 tpy particulate figure is stated for particulate matter under 10 and under 2.5 microns together, and the sulfur limit is printed as 'sulfur oxides' rather than SO2. No averaging period is stated in the notice.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-azp-1-az",
    "name": "Iron Mountain AZP-1",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4547261,
      "lon": -111.9762182,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "615 North 48th Street",
      "postalCode": "85008",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/phoenix-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1357825755",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1357825755",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational at 615 N 48th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85008; distinct site from AZP-2 (candidate 685011021), same 39-acre campus.",
    "landAcres": 39,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-azp-2-az",
    "name": "Iron Mountain AZP-2",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4521575,
      "lon": -111.9772945,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "4802 East Van Buren Street",
      "postalCode": "85008",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/phoenix-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/685011021",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/685011021",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational at 4802 East Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85008; part of a 39-acre AZP campus (AZP-1/2 = 89MW total). North America's first BREEAM-certified data center.",
    "landAcres": 39,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-azs-1-az",
    "name": "Iron Mountain AZS-1",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6446663,
      "lon": -111.8960985,
      "city": "Scottsdale",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5.8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/scottsdale-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/11018926315",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/11018926315",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational at 8521 E. Princess Drive, Scottsdale, AZ 85255 (Maricopa County); 121,000 sqft, 5.8MW, linked via dark fiber to AZP-1/AZP-2.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-chi1-des-plaines-il",
    "name": "Iron Mountain CHI-1",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0116575,
      "lon": -87.8811913,
      "city": "Des Plaines",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "1680 Touhy Ave",
      "postalCode": "60018",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Operator states the facility is accepting customers with 12MW available for immediate deployment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/chicago-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain Chicago data center (CHI-1), Des Plaines",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (Iron Mountain Data Centers, LLC, Des Plaines, 2024 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "13-acre campus, 315,000 sq ft with four planned 28,000 sq ft data halls; operator states a \"36MW IT load design\" being built out in phases. Subsidy value is the state's estimated tax benefit on a $320,000,000 investment commitment. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 20000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 13,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-den1-denver-co",
    "name": "Iron Mountain DEN-1 Denver Data Center",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7773827,
      "lon": -104.9695542,
      "city": "Denver",
      "county": "Denver",
      "street": "4300 Brighton Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "80216",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 14.4
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Facility listed as commissioned and in operation.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://resources.ironmountain.com/solution-guides/d/data-centers-denver-den-1",
        "label": "Denver Data Center (DEN-1) solution guide",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/iron-mountain-data-centers/4300-brighton-boulevard/den-1",
        "label": "Iron Mountain Data Centers DEN-1, 4300 Brighton Boulevard",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "About 180,000 sq ft (113,000 sq ft of IT space) and 14.4 MW on a 6-acre campus in the Elyria-Swansea industrial area, in a retrofitted 1946 building. Uptime Tier III-certified construction; operator cites a 1.2 PUE. Roughly half a mile from the CoreSite DE3 site but a separate operator and parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Dual-feed utility power from Xcel Energy; operator reports 100% matched renewable energy."
    },
    "landAcres": 6,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.2,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-mia-1-miami-fl",
    "name": "Iron Mountain MIA-1",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.88416,
      "lon": -80.247556,
      "city": "Westview",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 16
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "150,000 sq ft facility in Westview, Miami; opens 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/iron-mountain-breaks-ground-on-first-data-center-in-miami/",
        "label": "Iron Mountain breaks ground on first data center in Miami",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/04/westview-fumes-as-quiet-ai-fortress-rises-in-miami-backyard/",
        "label": "Westview fumes as quiet AI fortress rises in Miami backyard",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://resources.ironmountain.com/solution-guides/d/data-centers-miami-data-center-mia-1",
        "label": "Iron Mountain solution guide — MIA-1 Miami: \"By mid 2026 this 150,000 ft2 AI-ready facility will phase up to support 16 MW of customer IT load based on 26 MVA of redundant operational power\"; Tier III, 3.4-acre site",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "150,000 sq ft. Classified a \"telecom hub\" rather than \"data center\" under Miami-Dade county code. Opens 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Florida Power & Light (FPL)",
      "notes": "Iron Mountain states 26 MVA of redundant operational power supporting 16 MW of customer IT load, and markets the facility as running on 100% clean energy. The generation source behind that claim is not identified, so energy.source is left unset."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 150000000,
    "landAcres": 3.4,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Westview residents say they only learned the project was a data center after construction was already underway, and raised concerns about water usage, power-grid strain, and local job access at a town hall with County Commissioner Marleine Bastien; no litigation reported.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-miamisburg-oh",
    "name": "Iron Mountain OHS-1 (Miamisburg)",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6428362,
      "lon": -84.2866083,
      "city": "Miamisburg",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/ohio-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain Ohio data-center page: 3366 S Tech Blvd, Miamisburg; 1.4 MW; 44,000 sq ft; Tier III",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lexisnexis-springboro",
        "label": "Baxtel listing for the same street address under prior LexisNexis branding (confirms same building)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Tier III facility, 44,000 sq ft on a ~3.5-acre campus at 3366 S Tech Blvd, Miamisburg (~20 min from Dayton), acquired from / formerly operated by LexisNexis. Confirmed on Iron Mountain's own location page; cross-checked against a LexisNexis Springboro listing at the identical address (same building, prior branding). Coordinates are city-centroid (approximate).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-nje1-edison-nj",
    "name": "Iron Mountain Data Centers NJE-1",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5210834,
      "lon": -74.3473835,
      "city": "Edison",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "3003 Woodbridge Avenue",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/new-jersey-data-center",
        "label": "New Jersey Data Center | New Jersey Colocation",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/iron-mountain-data-centers/3003-woodbridge-avenue/nje-1",
        "label": "Iron Mountain Data Centers NJE-1 — 3003 Woodbridge Avenue",
        "publisher": "DataCenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/204316962",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/204316962 — IO Datacenter, 3003, Woodbridge Avenue",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "TIA-942-certified, 830,000 sq ft on a 43-acre campus, 30 MW with 2N redundancy, N+1 cooling/UPS, ISO 50001/14001 certified, PUE as low as 1.2. Acquired by Iron Mountain in January 2018 as part of a $1.34B acquisition of IO Data Centers' US portfolio (which also included sites in Phoenix, Scottsdale, and Columbus, OH), per the operator's own site. Hosts 180+ customers including 20+ carriers and two IXPs. Coordinate provenance (resolved 2026-09-12): Iron Mountain's own location page embeds a Google Maps link containing TWO coordinate pairs from two different Place IDs. This record uses 40.5210834,-74.3473835 — the pair the link anchors directly to the literal address string \"3003 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837, USA\" — which sits ~29 m from the independently-mapped OpenStreetMap building tagged \"IO Datacenter\" at the same address. The other page-stated pair (40.5216986,-74.3461546) carries no address string and lands ~145 m away; a naive extraction returns it, since the page labels neither. Both page-stated pairs are ~1.8-1.9 km from the US Census geocoder's point for this address, which interpolates along the street centre line and is wrong here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 7.2,
      "notes": "Operator states 100% renewable energy matching plus on-site solar via '18,000+ rooftop solar panels' (7.2 MW on-site solar generation capacity) — described as the largest such installation of any North American data center, per Iron Mountain's own site."
    },
    "landAcres": 43,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-va-2-va",
    "name": "Iron Mountain VA-2",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7772373,
      "lon": -77.5459965,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://resources.ironmountain.com/solution-guides/d/data-centers-northern-virginia-va-2",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/996723585",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/996723585",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational at 11660 Hayden Road, Manassas, VA 20109; achieved DCOS Maturity Level 3.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-va-3-va",
    "name": "Iron Mountain VA-3",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7755471,
      "lon": -77.5451498,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/virginia-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1283698132",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1283698132",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational at 11640 Hayden Road, Manassas, VA 20109, part of the 142-acre Prince William County campus.",
    "landAcres": 142,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-va-4-va",
    "name": "Iron Mountain VA-4",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7744146,
      "lon": -77.54223,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 32
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/virginia-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1287260556",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1287260556",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational at 11600 Hayden Road, Manassas, VA 20109; 165,000 sqft, 32MW critical load.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-va-6-va",
    "name": "Iron Mountain VA-6",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7681429,
      "lon": -77.5386481,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "street": "11891 Sudley Manor Drive",
      "postalCode": "20109",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 32
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/virginia/manassas/iron-mountain-va-6/",
        "label": "Iron Mountain facility directory",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1304357577",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1304357577",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Iron Mountain's own solution-guide page said VA-6 was slated for Q3 2025 delivery (site not yet operational at last fetch); that date has passed and multiple third-party trackers (datacentermap, Yelp updated Jan 2026) confirm it operational at 11891 Sudley Manor Drive, Manassas, VA — 230,000 sqft, 32MW. Treated as operational; flag for a fresh spot-check of Iron Mountain's own page if stricter confirmation is desired.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-white-oak-henrico-va",
    "name": "Iron Mountain White Oak Technology Park Campus",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.556,
      "lon": -77.427,
      "city": "Henrico",
      "county": "Henrico",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Iron Mountain CEO announced plans on Q3 2024 earnings call; company acquired 66-acre site at 6110 Technology Creek Drive from Henrico EDA for $8M. Four-building, 1 million+ sq ft campus planned. No build timeline shared.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/iron-mountain-acquires-66-acres-outside-richmond-for-200mw-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Iron Mountain acquires 66 acres outside Richmond for 200MW data center campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.henricocitizen.com/iron-mountain-to-build-data-center-in-henricos-white-oak-technology-park/",
        "label": "Iron Mountain to build data center in Henrico's White Oak Technology Park",
        "publisher": "Henrico Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/36251/639149773966430000",
        "label": "VA DEQ air permit 53266-1 — Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC (issued 2026-05-07)",
        "publisher": "Virginia Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://publicevidence.org/records/iron-mountain-information-management-llc-air-permit-53266-1",
        "label": "Submission provenance (not controlling source) — Public Evidence record for permit 53266-1",
        "publisher": "Public Evidence Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "6110 Technology Creek Drive, Henrico County (Richmond metro area). White Oak Technology Park has fiber connections and subsea cables to three continents. Henrico County passed stricter data center requirements June 2025, including 500-foot tree buffer near residential. investmentUsd is stated as 'more than $1 billion' — treated as floor.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Located in White Oak Technology Park with established power and network infrastructure; neighbors Bank of America and QTS data centers"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 66,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "iron-mountain-wpa-1-boyers-butler-county-pa",
    "name": "Iron Mountain WPA-1 (Boyers underground data center)",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0956,
      "lon": -79.9128,
      "city": "Boyers",
      "county": "Butler",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenter.ironmountain.com/western-pennsylvania-data-center",
        "label": "Iron Mountain — Western Pennsylvania Data Center (WPA-1)",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/pennsylvania",
        "label": "Data Centers in Pennsylvania — Project List & Locations (Iron Mountain WPA-1, Butler County)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "333,000 sq ft of data center space 220 feet underground in a former limestone mine on a 200-acre campus, about an hour north of Pittsburgh. Operator states 40 MW of total potential capacity; the currently energised load is not published, so the figure is recorded as planned rather than operational. Long-standing colocation/records site rather than an AI buildout — no aiClassification asserted.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Cooled using a 35-acre underground lake / geothermal cooling system in the former limestone mine; Iron Mountain cites this as the basis of the site's efficiency. No withdrawal or consumption figure is published."
    },
    "landAcres": 200,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ironmountain-bos1-northborough-ma",
    "name": "Iron Mountain Boston Data Center (BOS-1)",
    "operator": "Iron Mountain",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.34088,
      "lon": -71.63706,
      "city": "Northborough",
      "county": "Worcester",
      "street": "171 Bearfoot Road",
      "postalCode": "01532",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3.6,
      "operational": 1.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ironmountain.com/data-centers/locations/boston-data-center",
        "label": "Boston Data Center | Boston Colocation | Iron Mountain United States",
        "publisher": "Iron Mountain",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/6339",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Iron Mountain Data Center - Boston (BOS-1), 171 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough MA 01532",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "22,000 sq ft building on a 58.3-acre campus; LEED Gold certified and rated to withstand Category 4 hurricane winds; operator states a dedicated dark-fiber link to Boston's 1 Summer Street carrier hotel. \"Currently provides 1.2 MW operationally, with 3.6 MW of total potential critical power capacity\" — recorded as operational 1.2 / planned 3.6.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Facility power is \"matched by 100% renewable energy\" per the operator (renewable energy matching/certificates against grid draw, not confirmed on-site generation)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Operator states a \"waterless cooling design\" — no cooling-water circuit at all, so classified air per the contract's cooling-type tie-breaker."
    },
    "landAcres": 58.3,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "irs-enterprise-computing-center-kearneysville-wv",
    "name": "IRS Enterprise Computing Center (Martinsburg Computing Center)",
    "operator": "Internal Revenue Service",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3985849,
      "lon": -77.9163203,
      "city": "Kearneysville",
      "county": "Berkeley",
      "street": "250 Murall Drive",
      "postalCode": "25430",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1999-01-01",
        "note": "Main building at 250 Murall Drive occupied in 1999 (annex facilities 1995/1997), per the IRS's own site information exhibit.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-procure/techexhibit1_general_loc_site_info.doc",
        "label": "IRS procurement technical exhibit — Martinsburg Computing Center: \"Main Building: 250 Murall Drive, Kearneysville, WV Occupied 1999 379,200 GSF\"",
        "publisher": "Internal Revenue Service",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/nepa/articles/cx-032001-internal-revenue-service-martinsburg-enterprise-computing-center-espc",
        "label": "CX-032001: Internal Revenue Service Martinsburg Enterprise Computing Center ESPC (DOE AFFECT grant, NEPA categorical exclusion)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sdxcentral.com/news/irs-purchases-nvidia-dgx-b200-superpod/",
        "label": "IRS purchases Nvidia DGX B200 SuperPOD — 31 DGX B200 systems for the Martinsburg Enterprise Computing Center",
        "publisher": "SDxCentral",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theintercept.com/2025/02/14/irs-ai-nvidia-tax/",
        "label": "The IRS Is Buying an AI Supercomputer From Nvidia",
        "publisher": "The Intercept",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=250%20Murall%20Drive%2C%20Kearneysville%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Internal Revenue Service, 250 Murall Drive, Berkeley County, WV 25430",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Long-running federal data center, referred to interchangeably as the Martinsburg Computing Center and the Kearneysville Enterprise Computing Center; the IRS exhibit gives the main building as 379,200 GSF occupied 1999, plus 165,000 GSF of annex space. AI classification is \"mixed_use\", not \"confirmed\": the facility's primary workload is tax processing and it houses the IRS Master File, but a February 2025 procurement covers an NVIDIA DGX B200 SuperPOD of 31 systems for the Research, Applied Analytics and Statistics division's Compliance Data Warehouse. The Intercept noted at the time that the hardware \"has not yet been purchased or installed,\" so installation is not asserted here. DOE awarded a $2.2 million AFFECT grant toward an energy savings performance contract at the site. Coordinates are the OSM point for the IRS building, not a parcel survey. No capacity, cooling or water figures are published, so those fields are omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "iscorp-mequon-mqs5-wi",
    "name": "ISCorp Mequon Data Center (MQS5)",
    "operator": "ISCorp",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.205315,
      "lon": -87.9243984,
      "city": "Mequon",
      "county": "Ozaukee",
      "street": "10325 N. Port Washington Road",
      "postalCode": "53092",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.iscorp.com/iscorp-facilities/",
        "label": "ISCorp Data Centers — MQS5, 10325 N. Port Washington Rd., Mequon, WI 53092 (Tier III+, SSAE18, 8,000 sq ft raised floor)",
        "publisher": "ISCorp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"ISCorp North MQN\" and \"ISCorp South MQN\", Mequon)",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=10325+N+Port+Washington+Road%2C+Mequon%2C+WI+53092&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 10325 North Port Washington Road, Mequon, Ozaukee County (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Tier III+, SSAE18-audited private-cloud data center with 8,000 sq ft of raised floor and 20,000 sq ft of operations space, redundant hospital-grade generators, N+1 cooling and a private dark-fiber metro ring. Directories and the Journal Sentinel map list TWO ISCorp Mequon facilities — \"North MQN\" at 10325 and \"South MQN\" at 10235 N. Port Washington Road — but only the 10325 building is described on ISCorp's own facilities page, so this record covers that building alone rather than emitting a second, thinly-sourced record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Redundant hospital-grade generators and N+1 cooling; operator reports 100% uptime since inception."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "isocentric-networks-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "Isocentric Networks Tulsa Data Center",
    "operator": "Isocentric Networks",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.154,
      "lon": -95.9928,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "100 W 5th St",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operating downtown Tulsa colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (Isocentric Networks, 100 W 5th St, Tulsa)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Single fetched source. Coordinates are a Tulsa centroid approximation; street address is as published.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "ite-guam-harmon-gu",
    "name": "IT&E Guam Data Center",
    "operator": "IT&E",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 13.5030828,
      "lon": 144.8117863,
      "city": "Tamuning",
      "street": "122 Harmon Industrial Park Rd",
      "state": "GU",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/it-e-guam",
        "label": "IT&E Guam Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Baxtel lists this as a 'fully operational facility' at 122 Harmon Industrial Park Rd, Guam, operated by IT&E, serving the Asia-Pacific market. No square footage or power capacity disclosed in the source fetched. Coordinates geocoded via OSM Nominatim on 'Harmon Industrial Park, Guam' (street-level match, resolved to East Harmon, Tamuning Municipality) -- precision 'approximate', not a confirmed parcel. Distinct from DoCoMo Guam (1.07 mi away) and GTA Alupang GU3 (2.04 mi away) per the same source. Confidence set to 'reported' rather than 'confirmed': the site-specific address/existence claim in this record rests on a single third-party data-center directory listing, not an operator-published confirmation of that specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ite-saipan-susupe-mp",
    "name": "IT&E Saipan Data Center",
    "operator": "IT&E",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 15.1587626,
      "lon": 145.7066756,
      "city": "Susupe",
      "street": "Tekken Street",
      "state": "MP",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/it-e-saipan",
        "label": "IT&E Saipan Data Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Baxtel lists this as a 'fully operational facility' on Tekken Street, Susupe, Saipan Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands 96950, operated by IT&E (Innovative Telephone & Electronics), founded 1988, headquartered in Guam, serving Guam and CNMI. No square footage or power capacity disclosed in the source fetched. Coordinates geocoded via OSM Nominatim on 'Tekken Street, Saipan' (street-level match, resolved to Susupe) -- precision 'approximate', not a confirmed parcel. Located roughly 0.34 miles from DoCoMo Saipan per the same source. Confidence set to 'reported' rather than 'confirmed': the site-specific address/existence claim in this record rests on a single third-party data-center directory listing, not an operator-published confirmation of that specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "its-monticello-ia",
    "name": "ITS Iowa Data Center (Monticello)",
    "operator": "Infrastructure Technology Solutions (ITS)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2382752,
      "lon": -91.1869428,
      "city": "Monticello",
      "county": "Jones",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-04",
        "note": "Operator lists the Monticello data center as in service; the company says it has served Iowa since 2007.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://its.tech/about/data-center/",
        "label": "Our Iowa Data Center — SOC 2 Certified Facility",
        "publisher": "Infrastructure Technology Solutions (ITS)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Small SOC 2 Type I certified colocation and hosted-desktop facility with N+1 UPS, automatic generator backup and N+1 cooling. The operator also keeps an office in Manchester, Iowa. Coordinate is a town-level approximation; the operator does not publish a street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ivcm-imperial-county-ca",
    "name": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing AI Data Center",
    "operator": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing (IVCM)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.847,
      "lon": -115.569,
      "city": "Imperial",
      "county": "Imperial",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 330
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Imperial County Board of Supervisors voted 4-1 to vacate a public right-of-way and approve a lot merger across 75 acres related to the project site; Chairperson Price subsequently clarified the vote 'did not approve, authorize, or commit to any future development'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Imperial County Board of Supervisors began deliberating an emergency moratorium on new data center approvals; adoption not confirmed as of cited June 4, 2026 source. IVCM entangled in numerous lawsuits including federal civil rights suit against City of Imperial; proceedings regarding IID Colorado River water rights ongoing.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inewsource.org/2026/04/05/data-center-developer-imperial-county/",
        "label": "California's Largest Data Center Plan Rouses Imperial County",
        "publisher": "inewsource",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inewsource.org/2026/06/04/imperial-county-data-center-moratorium-vote-supervisors-ceqa/",
        "label": "Data Center Moratorium? Imperial County Considers It",
        "publisher": "inewsource",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inewsource.org/2026/04/08/california-data-center-nimby-imperial-county/",
        "label": "AI Data Center Plan Energizes Opposition in California Desert",
        "publisher": "inewsource",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate; actual site is near Aten Road and Clark Road just outside Imperial city limits. Developer Sebastian Rucci (Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing) proposes ~950,000 sq ft facility described by developer as 'designed exclusively for advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning operations.' Imperial County Board of Supervisors was deliberating an emergency moratorium on new data center approvals as of June 4, 2026 — adoption not confirmed by cited source. Annual promised tax revenue: ~$28M.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Imperial Irrigation District (IID)",
      "notes": "Would consume approximately twice Imperial County's entire 2024 electricity use. IID rejected water service application for reclaimed water cooling; IVCM filed suit seeking 260 million gallons of Colorado River water annually."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.75,
      "notes": "Developer requested 750,000 gallons/day of reclaimed water from IID (out of a proposed 6 million gallon daily allocation). IID rejected water service application. IVCM subsequently sued for approximately 260 million gallons per year of Colorado River water."
    },
    "landAcres": 75,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1700,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "3,400+ residents signed petition opposing project. Site is adjacent to two residential neighborhoods with hundreds of homes and within 1 mile of schools and playgrounds. City of Imperial filed 231-page court complaint citing noise, hazardous emissions, fire, explosion, and toxin risks. Residents organizing 'Imperial County Data Center Prohibition Act' for November 2026 ballot. Calipatria city council voted to draft a 5-year moratorium. Recall petition filed against County Chairwoman Peggy Price. Developer filed federal civil rights lawsuit against City of Imperial.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "jackson-technical-enguard-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "ENGUARD Data Center (Jackson Technical)",
    "operator": "Jackson Technical",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1509,
      "lon": -95.9856,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "611 S Elgin Ave",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.4
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational Tulsa colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — Jackson Technical, 611 S Elgin Ave",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Map — ENGUARD Data Center, Jackson Technical, Tulsa",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Small operational colocation facility at 611 South Elgin Avenue, Tulsa. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "jailhouse-studios-chattanooga-tn",
    "name": "Jailhouse Studios (former Hamilton County Jail)",
    "operator": "Urban Story Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.04572,
      "lon": -85.30949,
      "city": "Chattanooga",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://urbanstoryventures.com/citys-new-jailhouse-studios-the-worlds-first-quantum-ready-sovereign-data-processing-and-ai-center-with-an-integrated-creator-campus/",
        "label": "City's New Jailhouse Studios: The World's First Quantum-Ready Sovereign Data, Processing, and AI Center with an Integrated Creator Campus",
        "publisher": "Urban Story Ventures",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newschannel9.com/news/local/residents-rally-against-proposed-ai-data-center-inside-old-hamilton-county-jail",
        "label": "Residents rally against proposed AI data center inside old Hamilton County Jail",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 9 (WTVC Chattanooga)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Status re-checked 2026-09-09: no change, stays proposed. Hamilton County commissioners approved a 35-year lease at $375,000/yr in March 2026, but a lease approval is not a construction permit and the commission capped data storage at 12,000 sq ft of the 142,000 sq ft building. investmentUsd deliberately left unset: the only published figure is a range ($80-100M renovation estimate), which is not a single reportable value.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "jefferson-proving-ground-data-center-jefferson-county-in",
    "name": "Jefferson Proving Ground Data Center",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.82,
      "lon": -85.4,
      "city": "Madison",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Jefferson County Board of Zoning Appeals denied an appeal and county commissioners upheld the zoning approval, allowing the project to move forward.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.whas11.com/article/news/local/indiana/commissioners-uphold-decision-data-center-550-acres-jefferson-proving-grounds/417-10524221-dc8a-4566-96db-ebcf4cf4bdc2",
        "label": "Commissioners uphold decision to allow a data center on 550 acres at Jefferson Proving Grounds",
        "publisher": "WHAS11",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wdrb.com/news/zoning-board-allows-controversial-madison-data-center-project-to-move-forward/article_e55a1071-bbe7-425a-98b5-d88c7a94d2b4.html",
        "label": "Zoning board allows controversial Madison data center project to move forward",
        "publisher": "WDRB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.madisoncourier.com/carroll_news_democrat/news/proposed-jpg-data-center-could-generate-60m-taxes-annually/article_2804a794-5c76-548f-be98-8975b84b2284.html",
        "label": "Proposed JPG data center could generate $60M taxes annually",
        "publisher": "The Madison Courier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.whas11.com/article/news/investigations/focus/data-center-madison-indiana-power/417-938dcab5-08d5-46d1-9f6a-3100d94e6fa2",
        "label": "Questions persist about who will power the massive data center near Madison, Indiana",
        "publisher": "WHAS11",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed hyperscale campus of nine buildings totaling ~7.1 million sq ft on 549 acres of the former Jefferson Proving Ground airfield, on land owned by the Ford family (Daniel Ford); the end-user/operator has not been publicly disclosed. Reported to draw hundreds of megawatts and be roughly 78% larger than Meta's Lebanon campus; projected 300-450 permanent jobs and ~$60M in annual county tax revenue. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the former proving-ground airfield north of Madison. CONFIRMED ABSENCE, re-checked 2026-09-10: no official capacity, utility partner, or anchor-company figure has been released for this site. Independent, unofficial estimates cited in the same article range widely — one expert (Chien) says 9 GW 'is not unreasonable' for a power-dense AI training facility, while another (Inskeep) is 'very confident' it will need at least 1 GW — but neither is a project-stated figure, so capacityMw is intentionally left unset rather than guessed. Site size (549 acres, former Jefferson Proving Grounds Army base, ~8 miles north of Madison, IN) matches the existing record.",
    "landAcres": 549,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A formal zoning appeal challenging the project was filed and denied (May 2026) after a ~5.5-hour hearing; opponents raised environmental concerns over proximity to the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge and local water/utility strain.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "jersey-avenue-new-brunswick-data-center-nj",
    "name": "100 Jersey Avenue Data Center",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (parcels controlled by Amzak Capital Management)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.4884182,
      "lon": -74.4576813,
      "city": "New Brunswick",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "100 Jersey Avenue",
      "postalCode": "08901",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-02-18",
        "note": "New Brunswick City Council voted unanimously to amend the redevelopment plan, remove data centers as a permitted use and restore a required public park.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://jerseyvindicator.org/2026/02/21/new-brunswick-rejects-data-center-plan-following-public-backlash/",
        "label": "'New Brunswick rejects data center plan following public backlash' — Jersey Vindicator, 21 February 2026",
        "publisher": "Jersey Vindicator",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://patch.com/new-jersey/newbrunswick/new-brunswick-city-council-kills-proposal-build-ai-data-center-100-jersey",
        "label": "'New Brunswick Kills Plan To Build AI Data Center At 100 Jersey Avenue' — New Brunswick Patch, 19 February 2026",
        "publisher": "Patch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://jerseydigs.com/90-jersey-ave-new-brunswick-development/",
        "label": "'New Brunswick Residents Win Fight Against Data Center as Jersey Avenue Redevelopment Plan Gets Amended' — Jersey Digs, 10 March 2026",
        "publisher": "Jersey Digs",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=100+Jersey+Avenue,+New+Brunswick,+New+Jersey&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap address point for 100 Jersey Avenue, New Brunswick NJ 08901, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "A 27,000 sq ft data center was written into the redevelopment plan for 100 Jersey Avenue inside the 22-acre Jersey-Sandford redevelopment area. The City Council voted unanimously on 18 February 2026 to amend the plan, remove data centers as a permitted use and restore a required public park on roughly four acres; the remaining plan covers about 600 apartments and small-bay commercial space. No data center operator was ever named. Jersey Ave NB Urban Renewal LLC was designated redeveloper in 2020 and Amzak Capital Management took control of the parcels through a deed in lieu of foreclosure in September 2025, but reporting states it is not clear who is leading the redevelopment — hence the 'Undisclosed' operator. The city also said it was uncertain whether PSE&G needed a data center at the site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "jet-ai-moapa-clark-county-nv",
    "name": "Jet.AI Moapa Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Jet.AI Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.6673648,
      "lon": -114.584977,
      "city": "Moapa",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-23",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-23",
        "note": "Jet.AI announced a planned joint venture with Choo Choo Express LLC to develop a 50 MW data center campus in Moapa.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/12/23/3209946/0/en/jet-ai-inc-jv-for-50mw-data-center-campus-in-moapa-nevada.html",
        "label": "Jet.AI Inc. JV for 50MW Data Center Campus in Moapa, Nevada",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / Jet.AI Inc. (NASDAQ: JTAI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/markets/las-vegas/",
        "label": "dcmap.us Las Vegas market listing - Jet.AI Moapa Data Center, Clark County, planned, 50 MW",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Proposed joint venture: Choo Choo Express LLC would contribute the land, with an equity promote of roughly 70% Jet.AI / 30% CCE, pending definitive agreements and due diligence. Jet.AI expects to commit approximately $10 million over an anticipated two-year period - a corporate capital commitment, not a site construction figure, so investmentUsd is left unset. The site is adjacent to a remediated former coal plant now operating as a 200 MW battery storage facility, with access to transmission, natural gas, fiber and water. Coordinates are the Moapa settlement point from OpenStreetMap; no parcel location was published.",
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "jigowatt-stanton-ne",
    "name": "Jigowatt Stanton Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "Jigowatt",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.94722,
      "lon": -97.21722,
      "city": "Stanton",
      "county": "Stanton",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 70,
      "operational": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/crypto-needs-cheap-energy-it-found-a-whole-bunch-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "Crypto needs cheap energy. It found a whole bunch in Nebraska.",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2024/04/30/bitcoin-descended-small-nebraska-county-bringing-big-business-with-big-complaints-neighbors/",
        "label": "Bitcoin descended on a small Nebraska county bringing big business, with big complaints from neighbors",
        "publisher": "KTIV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2025/06/28/nebraska-crypto-company-wants-get-bigger-landowners-decry-nppds-use-eminent-domain-that-will-help-it-grow/",
        "label": "A Nebraska crypto company wants to get bigger. Landowners decry NPPD's use of eminent domain that will help it grow.",
        "publisher": "1011now (KOLN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.norfolkneradio.com/news/many-positives-and-negatives-coming-from-new-data-mining-facility-in-stanton-county/article_3e1b0ed2-9b85-11ee-b6c5-1b766c2bde62.html",
        "label": "Many positives and negatives coming from new data mining facility in Stanton County",
        "publisher": "Norfolk NE Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/a-nebraska-crypto-company-wants-to-get-bigger-landowners-decry-nppds-use-of-eminent-domain-that-will-help-it-grow/",
        "label": "A Nebraska crypto company wants to get bigger; landowners decry NPPD's use of eminent domain",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Lincoln-based Jigowatt began installing shipping-container-housed mining rigs (a mix of air-cooled and immersion-cooled containers) on Stanton Public Power District's (SPPD) grid near Stanton starting in 2023; SPPD created a discounted \"interruptible\" large-load electric rate to recruit/retain the customer. Jigowatt is now Stanton County's largest electricity customer by far and is seeking to roughly triple its allowed load, backed by a ~$20M ratepayer-funded distribution upgrade and an NPPD transmission project that has drawn eminent-domain objections from area landowners (reported June/July 2025). Neighbors half a mile or more away (e.g., the Wortmanns) report a persistent low-frequency hum/vibration and resulting health/property concerns; one neighbor abandoned plans to build a new home nearby. MW capacity not publicly disclosed in the coverage reviewed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "jk-land-cross-mill-center-leesburg-va",
    "name": "Cross Mill Center",
    "operator": "JK Land Holdings",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0781,
      "lon": -77.5575,
      "city": "Leesburg",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-07-15",
        "note": "The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 5-4 on July 15, 2025, changing the 22-acre parcel from Joint Land Management Area to Planned Development - Industrial Park, with Chair Phyllis J. Randall casting the deciding vote.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/supervisors-narrowly-approve-data-center-near-leesburg/article_3e355c29-4dbc-42df-bdb9-37d86f3013ad.html",
        "label": "Supervisors Narrowly Approve Data Center Near Leesburg",
        "publisher": "Loudoun Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/loudoun/data-centers-in-loudoun-a-primer/",
        "label": "Data Centers in Loudoun: A Primer",
        "publisher": "The Piedmont Environmental Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Up to 556,746 sq ft of data center use on 22 acres at the intersection of Sycolin Road and Crosstrail Boulevard near Leesburg Executive Airport; the approval alternatively permits up to 416,000 sq ft of warehouse/distribution or 218,000 sq ft of industrial use. Proffers bury lower-voltage distribution lines, keep high-voltage transmission above ground and bar an on-site substation. PEC records Cross Mill Center as one of two data center rezonings the Board approved in the past year.",
    "landAcres": 22,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Four supervisors — Michael Turner, Juli E. Briskman, Laura A. TeKrony and Sylvia R. Glass — opposed, citing strain on power infrastructure and the additional transmission lines and substations it would require countywide.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "jk-land-greenlin-park-leesburg-va",
    "name": "Greenlin Park",
    "operator": "JK Land Holdings",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.064,
      "lon": -77.524,
      "city": "Leesburg",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-02-19",
        "note": "The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 5-4 on February 19, 2025, changing the site from Transitional Residential-10 and Joint Land Management Area-20 to Industrial Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/300-mw-data-center-approved-south-of-leesburg/article_31050264-efb4-11ef-a1fa-c79d17f045f1.html",
        "label": "300 MW Data Center Approved South of Leesburg",
        "publisher": "Loudoun Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/loudoun/data-centers-in-loudoun-a-primer/",
        "label": "Data Centers in Loudoun: A Primer",
        "publisher": "The Piedmont Environmental Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "1.4 million sq ft of data center and utility substation use on 83 acres south of Leesburg, on the west side of Sycolin Road bounded by Shreve Mill Road and the Dulles Greenway; property owned by Chuck Kuhn through JK Land Holdings. Originally proposed at 2.1 million sq ft; scaled back after opposition at a September 2024 public hearing. Approval limits power draw to 300MW for five years and building height to 55 feet, and requires upgraded generators, added screening and noise limits, stormwater mitigation, water-use restrictions, and three years of energy-use monitoring and reporting.",
    "landAcres": 83,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "joliet-technology-center-il",
    "name": "Joliet Technology Center",
    "operator": "HW Technology Park (Hillwood Investment Properties / PowerHouse Data Centers)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.432,
      "lon": -88.128,
      "city": "Joliet",
      "county": "Will",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1800
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Hillwood announced 795-acre data center campus planned on south Joliet farmland; Plan Commission recommendation scheduled October 16, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Joliet City Council voted 8-1 to approve annexation and development plan on March 19, 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-planned-on-795-acres-of-farmland-in-south-joliet-illinois/",
        "label": "Data center planned on 795 acres of farmland in south Joliet, Illinois",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/city-of-joliet-approves-plans-for-what-could-be-the-largest-data-center-in-illinois/3910932/",
        "label": "City of Joliet approves plans for what could be the largest data center in Illinois",
        "publisher": "NBC Chicago",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/joliet-city-council-approves-data-center-plan/",
        "label": "Joliet City Council approves plans for Illinois' largest data center",
        "publisher": "CBS Chicago",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/joliet-approves-massive-795-acre-data-center-project",
        "label": "Joliet Approves Illinois' Largest Data Center, 795-Acre Project Moves Forward",
        "publisher": "Construction Owners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate Jackson Township at Rowell and Bernhard Rds, south Joliet (~40 mi SW of Chicago), near Chicagoland Speedway. 24 two-story buildings planned. No confirmed hyperscale tenant as of permit date. Construction start targeted early 2027; first sub-campus by 2028. Construction jobs range reported as 7,000-10,000; permanent approximately 700.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "ComEd substation to be built at site, funded by HW Technology Park; developer seeking own electricity supply independently"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 20000000000,
    "landAcres": 795,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 7000,
      "permanent": 700,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Hundreds of residents filled council chambers and overflow rooms; concerns over water/electricity consumption, noise pollution, and proximity to residential areas. Post-approval lawsuit filed naming City of Joliet, PowerHouse, and Hillwood as defendants.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "jones-eagle-dewitt-ar",
    "name": "Jones Eagle Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "Jones Eagle LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.2875,
      "lon": -91.3383,
      "city": "DeWitt",
      "county": "Arkansas",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/federal-judge-blocks-arkansas-laws-in-crypto-mine-legal-battle-in-2023-jones-eagle-llc-formerly-jones-digital-llc-the-owner-of-the-crypto-mine-near-dewitt-filed-a-lawsuit-against-arkansas-department-of-agriculture-secretary-wes-ward-arkansas-attorne",
        "label": "Federal judge blocks Arkansas laws in crypto mine legal battle",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arktimes.com/arkansas-blog/2024/12/10/state-cant-enforce-foreign-ownership-laws-against-arkansas-county-crypto-mine-judge-says",
        "label": "State can't enforce foreign ownership laws against Arkansas County crypto mine, judge says",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/arkansas-officials-barred-from-enforcing-crypto-regulations-as-lawsuit-proceeds-judge-kristine-baker-granted-jones-eagle-llc-the-owner-of-a-crypto-mine-near-dewitt-a-preliminary-injunction-restraining-both-wes-ward-secretary-of-the-arkansas-department",
        "label": "Arkansas officials barred from enforcing crypto regulations as lawsuit proceeds",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/67679616818b345f27ef3c1b",
        "label": "Jones Eagle LLC v. Ward, 4:24-cv-00990-KGB (E.D. Ark.), order of Dec. 9, 2024",
        "publisher": "CaseMine (republishing U.S. District Court, E.D. Ark.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/arkansas-defends-ban-on-foreign-owned-farmland-and-digital-assets/",
        "label": "Arkansas defends ban on foreign-owned farmland and digital assets (8th Cir. oral argument)",
        "publisher": "Courthouse News Service",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Jones Eagle is controlled by Eagle Asset Holding Inc., whose sole owner — and Jones Eagle's manager — is Qimin 'Jimmy' Chen. Chen, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in China, sued the State of Arkansas (AG Tim Griffin, Ag Secretary Wes Ward) over Act 636 (foreign ownership of ag land) and Act 174 (foreign-party-controlled businesses), whose restrictions reach owners with ties to certain countries including China, arguing the laws were unconstitutional and were applied to retaliate against his business. U.S. District Judge Kristine Baker granted a TRO in Nov 2024 and a preliminary injunction in Dec 2024, finding Jones Eagle likely to prevail; Arkansas's appeal was argued before the 8th Circuit in Jan 2026 and remains undecided. Operates ~2,800 mining computers per Arkansas Business reporting; investment reported >$1.4M excl. Entergy deposits/land lease. Arkansas County residents/quorum court fought the facility over noise, water use, and grid strain (Act 851 'Right to Mine' backlash).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation"
    },
    "stakeholders": [
      {
        "name": "Qimin \"Jimmy\" Chen",
        "role": "controlling_owner",
        "via": "Eagle Asset Holding Inc.",
        "note": "A federal court found Chen is Jones Eagle's manager and sole owner of Eagle Asset Holding Inc., which holds a controlling interest in Jones Eagle LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 3,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "joule-millard-county-ut",
    "name": "Joule Energy and Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Joule Capital Partners",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.1072,
      "lon": -112.165,
      "city": "Holden",
      "county": "Millard",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4000
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site Caterpillar G3520K gas generators; nuclear planned post-2030",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Millard County Commission approved project; site is conversion of family alfalfa farm"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Groundbreaking ceremony held November 6, 2025 outside Holden, UT; first power delivery targeted Q4 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.abc4.com/news/central-utah/groundbreaking-millard-county-data-center/",
        "label": "Groundbreaking held for Joule data center campus in Millard County",
        "publisher": "ABC4 Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2025/10/21/millard-county-data-center-to-break-ground-and-bring-promise-to-rural-utah/",
        "label": "Why this coming data center in Millard County is so unique",
        "publisher": "Deseret News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utahbusiness.com/industry/2025/11/05/data-center-creekstone-energy-joule-capital-partners-millard-county-fillmore/",
        "label": "Utah Business — Millard County commissioners on data-center incentives",
        "publisher": "Utah Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Founders Mark McDougal and David Gray converting family 4,000-acre alfalfa farm near Holden. Described by founders as largest private project in Utah history. Partnership with Caterpillar for generator sets; MOU with EnergySolutions for nuclear feasibility study. Part of Governor Cox's Operation Gigawatt initiative. Site at 4,800+ ft elevation for cooling efficiency. Coordinates approximate for Holden, Millard County. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy. Millard County commissioners are quoted on the record stating the county \"did not give either development any special treatment or incentives\", and no Millard County CRA/RDA public body is registered on the Utah Public Notice Website. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 sales-tax exemption is self-executing, so no site-level award document exists to find.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 1000,
      "notes": "Phase 1: 1GW from Caterpillar gas generators with battery storage; potential scale to 4GW (some sources cite 12GW); nuclear exploration underway; adjacent Intermountain Power Project pipeline. Off-grid design."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop direct-to-chip cooling saves millions of gallons vs evaporative; family water rights held by founders; no new water allocation required"
    },
    "landAcres": 4000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The Millard County Commission approved the project (Aug 2025) and it is widely framed as a landmark rural-Utah investment (part of Gov. Cox's Operation Gigawatt). Local coverage also notes resident concern about the campus's scale, off-grid gas generation, and water; the founders' family holds the water rights. No organized opposition or litigation surfaced.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "jpmorgan-chase-orangeburg-ny",
    "name": "JPMorgan Chase Data Center, Orangeburg",
    "operator": "JPMorgan Chase",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.044286,
      "lon": -73.973952,
      "city": "Orangeburg",
      "county": "Rockland",
      "street": "140 Old Orangeburg Rd",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2026/04/20/chase_77m_tax_subsidy_datacenter_job/",
        "label": "$77M tax subsidy for NY datacenter project will create 1 job",
        "publisher": "The Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/jpmc-orangeburg",
        "label": "JPMC Orangeburg Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Distinct facility from the existing bloomberg-orangeburg-ny record (Bloomberg LP's separate data center also sited in Orangeburg, Rockland County). No MW capacity or investment figure was disclosed in either fetched source as of 2026-09-13, omitted rather than guessed. Coordinates geocoded from the street address via US Census geocoder (address-range interpolation, not a confirmed parcel), hence approximate precision.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Rockland County IDA sales/PILOT tax abatement (existing facility expansion)",
        "amountUsd": 77000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Rockland County Industrial Development Agency",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1450,
      "permanent": 1,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Rockland County IDA approved a roughly $77M sales-tax-exemption package (construction materials/equipment) on 2024-02 for an existing-facility expansion (the facility began construction in 2017 and is already operational), promising exactly one new permanent job; JPMorgan Chase will pay ~$600,000/year in PILOT payments through 2044. Reporting (NY Focus, The Register, Reinvent Albany) characterized this as the largest per-job subsidy of its kind in the country; the IDA hearing drew no public attendees. Expected full completion of the expansion ~2028.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "jumping-bison-greensburg-decatur-county-in",
    "name": "Jumping Bison Greensburg Data Center",
    "operator": "Jumping Bison LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3372,
      "lon": -85.4836,
      "city": "Greensburg",
      "county": "Decatur",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-12-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12-10",
        "note": "Greensburg City Council unanimously approved establishing a 550-acre Economic Revitalization Area and a real property tax abatement for the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wrbiradio.com/greensburg-council-approves-era-establishment-data-center-abatement/",
        "label": "Greensburg Council Approves ERA Establishment, Data Center Abatement",
        "publisher": "WRBI Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/development-coming-greensburg-011600861.html",
        "label": "New development coming to Greensburg",
        "publisher": "Greensburg Daily News via Yahoo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Two-phase project of roughly 340 acres north of Greensburg inside a newly established 550-acre Economic Revitalization Area at the Business Enterprise Park along I-74, opposite Honda's Indiana Auto Plant, at $400 million per phase. Staff are to be paid 125% of the average Decatur County wage. Local opponents have organized a petition against the campus.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Economic Revitalization Area real property tax abatement (10 years, 60%)",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Greensburg, IN",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 340,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "k-junction-solar-york-ne",
    "name": "K-Junction Solar",
    "operator": "Sandhills Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8683,
      "lon": -97.5925,
      "county": "York",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 310
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-28",
        "note": "OPPD transferred ownership of K-Junction LLC and further development of the project to Sandhills Energy.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkcounty.ne.gov/press-releases/sandhills-energy-taking-ownership-of-k-junction-solar-project-in-york-county",
        "label": "Sandhills Energy taking ownership of K-Junction Solar project in York County",
        "publisher": "York County, Nebraska",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppd.com/news-resources/news-releases/2026/may/oppd-signs-deals-tied-to-two-renewable-energy-projects/",
        "label": "OPPD signs deals tied to two renewable energy projects",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppdcommunityconnect.com/k-junction-solar",
        "label": "K-Junction Solar — OPPD Community Connect project page",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "The second of the two projects named in OPPD's May 2026 renewable announcement (the other, Burt County Solar, is already tracked). OPPD stepped back from direct development after York County adopted stricter solar zoning regulations, describing the transfer as a \"responsible path forward.\" No source published a site boundary or nearest town, so coordinates are a county-level approximation for York County and must not be treated as a parcel location. No in-service date has been published since the transfer.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "OPPD's May 2026 announcement describes the project as having potential to connect up to 310 MW of solar and battery storage capacity combined; the split between PV and storage is not published."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Development rights originated with EDF Renewables; OPPD acquired them in 2023 and transferred K-Junction LLC and subsequent development work to Sandhills Energy under an agreement signed the week of May 27, 2026. OPPD projected $610 million in net economic development and $30 million in local tax revenue over the project's life."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "kairos-hermes-2-oak-ridge-tn",
    "name": "Kairos Power Hermes 2",
    "operator": "Kairos Power",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.92,
      "lon": -84.39,
      "city": "Oak Ridge",
      "county": "Roane",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-11-21",
        "note": "NRC issues Hermes 2 construction permit (first Gen IV power-reactor construction permit; Docket Nos. 50-611 and 50-612)",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-17",
        "note": "Kairos Power breaks ground on Hermes 2 at the Heritage Center/K-33 site",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/non-power/new-facility-licensing/hermes2-kairos",
        "label": "Hermes 2 (Kairos Power) docket page",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/11/29/2024-28025/kairos-power-llc-hermes-2-test-reactor-facility-construction-permits",
        "label": "Kairos Power LLC; Hermes 2 Test Reactor Facility; Construction Permits",
        "publisher": "Federal Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/26/2024-08964/kairos-power-llc-hermes-2-draft-environmental-assessment-and-draft-finding-of-no-significant-impact",
        "label": "Hermes 2 Draft Environmental Assessment and Draft FONSI",
        "publisher": "Federal Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/05/2024-19914/kairos-power-llc-hermes-2-environmental-assessment-finding-of-no-significant-impact-and-exemptions",
        "label": "Hermes 2 Environmental Assessment, Finding of No Significant Impact, and Exemptions",
        "publisher": "Federal Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/22/2023-25818/kairos-power-llc-hermes-2",
        "label": "Kairos Power LLC; Hermes 2 (initial notice)",
        "publisher": "Federal Register",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kairospower.com/updates/kairos-power-breaks-ground-on-hermes-2-demonstration-plant",
        "label": "Kairos Power Breaks Ground on Hermes 2 Demonstration Plant",
        "publisher": "Kairos Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kairospower.com/updates/google-and-kairos-power-partner-to-deploy-500-mw-of-clean-electricity-generation",
        "label": "Google and Kairos Power Partner to Deploy 500 MW of Clean Electricity Generation",
        "publisher": "Kairos Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/sustainability/google-kairos-power-nuclear-energy-agreement/",
        "label": "Google signs advanced nuclear clean energy agreement with Kairos Power",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/google-kairos-power-tva-announce-collaboration",
        "label": "Google, Kairos Power, TVA announce collaboration",
        "publisher": "World Nuclear News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-04-21/article-7964/kairos-power-breaks-ground-on-first-powerproducing-reactor-in-oak-ridge/",
        "label": "Kairos Power breaks ground on first power-producing reactor in Oak Ridge",
        "publisher": "ANS Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are an approximate anchor to the Heritage Center Industrial Park / former East Tennessee Technology Park (K-25/K-33 site), west Oak Ridge, Roane County -- no parcel-exact public coordinate was found for the K-33 sub-site this session; treat as approximate pending confirmation against NRC ADAMS environmental-assessment site maps or Oak Ridge EDI parcel maps. Investment and jobs figures were not disclosed in any source reviewed and are omitted rather than estimated.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "KP-FHR fluoride-salt-cooled Gen IV demonstration reactor -- the first Gen IV power reactor to receive an NRC construction permit. Two 35 MWth test reactor units revised upward to a combined 50 MWe design following the TVA/Google power purchase agreements; delivers power into the TVA grid."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Groundbreaking (2026-04-17) was attended and celebrated by elected officials including Deputy Secretary of Energy James Danly and Rep. Chuck Fleischmann; no documented local opposition found in sourcing this session. Site reuses the Heritage Center/former East Tennessee Technology Park (K-25/K-33) land via the DOE/Oak Ridge EDI redevelopment program.",
      "sourceIndex": 9
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear_smr",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "First deployment under the October 2024 Kairos Power-Google Master Plant Development Agreement (Google fleet-wide target of up to 500 MW across multiple Kairos plants by 2035). Power is delivered via a Tennessee Valley Authority PPA (announced 2025-08-18) -- the first US utility PPA for an advanced Gen IV reactor -- intended to serve Google data centers in Montgomery County, TN and Jackson County, AL (grid-region delivery, no single named campus). Shares the Heritage Center/ETTP campus with the earlier, smaller non-power-producing Hermes 1 demonstration reactor but sits on a distinct K-33 parcel. Target operation by 2030."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "karis-critical-deep-river-merrillville-in",
    "name": "Karis Critical Deep River Campus",
    "operator": "Karis Critical",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.47,
      "lon": -87.27,
      "city": "Merrillville",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-11",
        "note": "Reported as one of three early-stage Merrillville data center proposals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/2b-in-data-center-projects-planned-for-merrillville-ind",
        "label": "$2B+ in Data Center Projects Planned for Merrillville, Ind.",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Proposed campus on 180 acres on 101st Avenue east of Deep River County Park, at up to $900 million and reported to bring hundreds of jobs. Described as early-stage.",
    "investmentUsd": 900000000,
    "landAcres": 180,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "karis-dubuque-county-ia",
    "name": "Karis Dubuque County Data Center",
    "operator": "Karis",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.388,
      "lon": -90.67,
      "county": "Dubuque County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-16",
        "note": "Karis filed an incomplete rezoning application with the Dubuque County zoning department for farmland near Olde Davenport Road between Laudeville and Feeney roads, east of Dubuque Regional Airport; the company says discussions have been preliminary and no final decision to proceed has been made.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.telegraphherald.com/news/tri-state/article_76c9d4f6-6aa1-410a-9073-4be5b479363e.html",
        "label": "Company seeking Dubuque County data center land revealed",
        "publisher": "Telegraph Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/07/10/potential-dubuque-data-center-could-require-3-million-gallons-water-city-seeks-public-input/",
        "label": "Potential Dubuque data center could require 3 million gallons of water, city seeks public input",
        "publisher": "KCRG-TV9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate: the point sits on the Olde Davenport Road corridor between Feeney Road and Laudeville Road in unincorporated Dubuque County, the location described in reporting. No parcel has been identified publicly and no formal site plan or development agreement has been presented. Acreage, capacity, investment and job figures were not disclosed by the company.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Karis told the City of Dubuque a closed-loop cooling system would need up to 3 million gallons for its initial charge and up to 250,000 gallons annually to maintain."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The proposal prompted Dubuque County supervisors to enact a one-year data center moratorium; the city held public input sessions in July 2026 and both city and county began drafting data center ordinances.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "kentucky-industrial-alliance-cave-point-cave-city-ky",
    "name": "Cave Point Commerce Center",
    "operator": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.1367544,
      "lon": -85.9562169,
      "city": "Cave City",
      "county": "Barren",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/06/10/kentucky-industrial-alliance-says-proposed-cave-city-data-center-could-bring-millions-tax-revenue/",
        "label": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance says proposed Cave City data center could bring millions in tax revenue",
        "publisher": "WBKO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/06/09/developer-sues-cave-city-over-data-center-zoning-moratorium/",
        "label": "Developer sues Cave City over data center zoning moratorium",
        "publisher": "WBKO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bgdailynews.com/2026/08/27/barren-data-center-suits-proceed/",
        "label": "Barren data center suits proceed",
        "publisher": "Bowling Green Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Proposed multi-building hyperscale campus (10 buildings x ~200,000 sq ft, ~2M sq ft total) at the Cave City Industrial Park spanning Cave City and unincorporated Barren County. Combined critical capacity reported as 'about 1,200 megawatts.' Jobs figure of 360 is direct jobs at full build-out (300 data-center operations + 60 power generation, per the source, implying an on-site generation component not independently confirmed or itemized this run -- no separate power_generation record created without a source stating its own capacity/technology). An additional ~569 indirect/induced jobs were estimated (total ~929) but only the direct figure is recorded here. Developer/operator name is the plaintiff of record in the zoning lawsuit (Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC), which the coverage also identifies as the current landowner; no separate development-company name was disclosed in the sources checked. Exact parcel location within the industrial park not confirmed -- coordinates are a Cave City town-center pin.",
    "landAcres": 600,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 360,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Cave City enacted a 12-month data-center zoning moratorium 2026-05-20. Developer Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC sued the city 2026-06-08 in Barren District/Circuit Court, arguing its application should be reviewed under the zoning rules in place 2026-05-11 (before the moratorium) and separately challenging the city's annexation of the tract (alleging improper procedure involving a cemetery on the parcel). The two suits were consolidated; first hearing 2026-08-26, status conference set 2026-11-23, no ruling issued as of 2026-08-27. Site is ~10 miles from Mammoth Cave National Park; residents have raised water-resource and land-use concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "komo-plaza-seattle-wa",
    "name": "KOMO Plaza (formerly Fisher Plaza)",
    "operator": "GI Partners",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6192326,
      "lon": -122.3482873,
      "city": "Seattle",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "140 4th Avenue North",
      "postalCode": "98109",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2003",
        "note": "Two-building complex completed in 2003 (OSM records start dates of 2000 for the east building and 2003 for the west).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/komo-plaza-was-fisher-plaza",
        "label": "KOMO Plaza (was Fisher Plaza) - GI Partners, 140 4th Avenue North Seattle; 293,727 sq ft two-building carrier hotel; data center operators Evocative Seattle SEA1 and TierPoint Seattle DC1/DC2",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/417682780",
        "label": "OSM way 417682780 - 'KOMO Plaza East' (old_name Fisher Plaza East), telecom=data_center, CLLI STTOWAJM, 140 4th Avenue North Seattle 98109",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/417682781",
        "label": "OSM way 417682781 - 'KOMO Plaza West' (old_name Fisher Plaza West), telecom=data_center, 100 4th Avenue North Seattle 98109",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "A Seattle carrier hotel: GI Partners owns the two-building complex (140 and 100 4th Avenue North) and multiple operators run data center space inside it, including Evocative and TierPoint. Recorded as one site at the east building's coordinates rather than as per-tenant records. Total power is not recorded - no primary-source figure was retrieved.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ku-ew-brown-12-mercer-ky",
    "name": "E.W. Brown Unit 12",
    "operator": "Kentucky Utilities Company",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.7906366,
      "lon": -84.7123496,
      "county": "Mercer",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 645
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-10-28",
        "note": "The Kentucky Public Service Commission granted a certificate of public convenience and necessity in Case No. 2025-00045, conditioned on the commitment that LG&E/KU will not build the approved facilities if load growth does not materialize as reasonably anticipated.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lge-ku.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/10/30/lge-and-ku-receive-approval-plans-meet-kentuckys-growing-energy",
        "label": "LG&E and KU receive approval on plans to meet Kentucky's growing energy needs",
        "publisher": "LG&E and KU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/lge-ku-propose-3-7b-power-buildout-1-3-gw-of-new-gas-plants-153m-coal-unit-upgrade/",
        "label": "LG&E, KU Propose $3.7B Power Buildout: 1.3 GW of New Gas Plants, $153M Coal Unit Upgrade",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-10-28/kentucky-regulators-grant-lg-e-ku-permission-to-build-power-plants-for-future-data-centers",
        "label": "Kentucky regulators grant LG&E/KU permission to build power plants for future data centers",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kentuckylantern.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EPIC-REPORT-NO-2026-001-FINAL.pdf",
        "label": "EPIC Report No. 2026-001, Data Centers in Kentucky (PSC Case No. 2025-00045 order of October 28, 2025 approving Mill Creek 6 and Brown 12, conditioned on data center load development)",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Energy Planning and Inventory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=E.W.+Brown+Generating+Station%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim named feature 'E.W. Brown Generating Station', Mercer County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Companion unit to Mill Creek 6, approved in the same PSC order and on the same data-center-load condition. It is a utility grid-connected plant rather than behind-the-meter dedicated generation for a single named campus, so no offtaker or poweredFacilityIds are asserted — though the Kentucky Lantern project tracker separately notes an undisclosed land developer speculating on a data center site near this station, which is recorded in the tracked panattoni-burgin-mercer-county-ky entry. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap feature for the existing E.W. Brown Generating Station.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "645 MW (net summer rating) natural gas combined-cycle unit at KU's E.W. Brown Generating Station; estimated cost $1.38 billion, targeted in service 2030."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "la-rosa-holdings-saint-cloud-fl",
    "name": "La Rosa Holdings Tier III AI Data Center — St. Cloud",
    "operator": "La Rosa Holdings Corp.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.1896418,
      "lon": -81.2783896,
      "city": "Saint Cloud",
      "county": "Osceola",
      "street": "2570 AmeraTrails Lot 6D",
      "postalCode": "34772",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1.5
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-05",
        "note": "La Rosa Holdings signed a contract on 4 February 2026 to acquire the development site and announced plans for a Tier III AI data center of up to 10,000 sq ft supporting an estimated 1,500 kW IT load.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1879403/000121390026013369/ea0275797-8k_larosa.htm",
        "label": "La Rosa Holdings Corp. Form 8-K (filed 6 February 2026) — contract to purchase 2570 AmeraTrails Lot 6D, Saint Cloud FL 34772 for $675,000 with a 75-day due diligence period; closing set for 15 June 2026; intent to develop a Tier III AI data center",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/02/05/3233097/0/en/La-Rosa-Holdings-Corp-Signs-Contract-to-Acquire-Development-Site-for-Up-to-10-000-Sq-Ft-Tier-III-AI-Data-Center-in-Central-Florida-s-Fastest-Growing-Region.html",
        "label": "La Rosa Holdings Corp. press release, 5 February 2026 — up to 10,000 sq ft Tier III AI data center in Osceola County supporting an estimated IT load of ~1,500 kW",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire / La Rosa Holdings Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?postalcode=34772&country=USA&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim — ZIP 34772, Saint Cloud, Osceola County, Florida → 28.1896418, -81.2783896",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Small enterprise/AI facility: up to 10,000 sq ft at Tier III with roughly 1.5 MW of IT load. The transaction is conditional — the company's own filing states there can be no assurance the acquisition is consummated, and it carried a 75-day due diligence exit. The $675,000 in the 8-K is the land purchase price, not a facility investment, so investmentUsd is deliberately omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lakeland-equity-east-55th-cleveland-oh",
    "name": "East 55th Street Data Center (Slavic Village)",
    "operator": "Lakeland Equity Group",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.461694,
      "lon": -81.651208,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "street": "3560 East 55th Street",
      "postalCode": "44105",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-06",
        "note": "Permit application filed with the City of Cleveland Building Department.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05-14",
        "note": "City of Cleveland rejected the permit application.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://neo-trans.blog/2026/05/06/1-6b-data-center-planned-in-cleveland/",
        "label": "$1.6B data center planned in Cleveland",
        "publisher": "NEOtrans",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/city-cleveland-rejects-permit-1-171223986.html",
        "label": "City of Cleveland rejects permit for $1.6B data center in Slavic Village",
        "publisher": "WKYC via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Three two-story buildings totaling roughly 300,000 sq ft on a 35-acre site between I-77 and East 55th Street, currently owned by Morabito Enterprises. No end user was identified. Recorded as cancelled because the city rejected the permit application; the developer's next steps were not stated.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Plans described closed-loop cooling with water drawn from nearby watersheds or a Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District stormwater overflow tunnel then under construction."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1600000000,
    "landAcres": 35,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Mayor Justin Bibb's administration rejected the building permit on May 14, 2026; a city spokesperson cited serious concerns about hyperscale, standalone data centers in neighborhoods, and City Council was concurrently weighing a moratorium.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lambda-aligned-plano-tx",
    "name": "Lambda Plano AI Data Center (Aligned DFW-04)",
    "operator": "Lambda",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.0198,
      "lon": -96.6989,
      "city": "Plano",
      "county": "Collin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Lambda to occupy a new ~$700M Aligned data center (DFW-04) under construction in Plano, Texas; 2026 target",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.devx.com/daily-news/lambda-cloud-to-occupy-aligned-data-center/",
        "label": "Lambda Cloud to occupy Aligned data center in Plano",
        "publisher": "DevX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Lambda to occupy the ~$700M Aligned DFW-04 data center under construction in Plano, Collin County; 2026 target. Distinct from Lambda's Chicago and Kansas City sites. Coordinates are the Plano area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "lambda-chicago-edgeconnex-il",
    "name": "Lambda Chicago EdgeConneX AI Factory",
    "operator": "Lambda",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8781,
      "lon": -87.6298,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 23
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — ComEd",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-08-21",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lambda.ai/blog/lambda-edgeconnex-dc-pr",
        "label": "Lambda/EdgeConneX joint press release - AI Factory in Chicago and Atlanta",
        "publisher": "Lambda.ai",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.edgeconnex.com/news/press-releases/edgeconnex-and-lambda-to-build-ai-factory-in-chicago-with-industry-leading-high-density-data-center-infrastructure/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX press release - AI Factory in Chicago and Atlanta",
        "publisher": "EdgeConneX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/edgeconnex-to-build-data-centers-in-chicago-and-atlanta-for-lambda/",
        "label": "EdgeConneX to build data centers in Chicago and Atlanta for Lambda",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/edgeconnex-chi03",
        "label": "EdgeConneX CHI03 - Elk Grove Village campus, Cook County",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "EdgeConneX is the developer/facility owner; Lambda is the sole tenant in a build-to-suit, single-tenant, purpose-built 23 MW building for Lambda's AI workloads (600+ kW/rack, hybrid liquid-to-chip + air cooling). Distinct from the excluded CoreWeave/Flexential colo tenancy (a shared multi-tenant colo cage) - this is a dedicated purpose-built building. Press releases say 'Chicago' but EdgeConneX's Chicago-area campus is in Elk Grove Village, IL (Cook County); the Lambda building address is unpublished, so coordinates use the Chicago centroid. Ready-for-Service targeted 2026; operational status as of 2026-07-07 unconfirmed (may already be online - revisit).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "lambda-kansas-city-mo",
    "name": "Lambda Kansas City AI Supercomputer",
    "operator": "Lambda",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.33,
      "lon": -94.72,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Platte",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "poweredBy": "Evergy",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Lambda to build an AI factory at 11155 N. Airworld Dr (former Bank of America campus); launching early 2026 with 24 MW, scaling toward 100+ MW",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ai-cloud-firm-lambda-targets-data-center-deployment-in-kansas-city-missouri/",
        "label": "AI cloud firm Lambda targets data center deployment in Kansas City, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lambda.ai/blog/lambda-to-build-a-100mw-ai-factory-in-kansas-city-mo",
        "label": "Lambda to build a 100MW AI factory in Kansas City, MO",
        "publisher": "Lambda",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ded.mo.gov/press-room/lambda-establish-ai-factory-facility-kansas-city",
        "label": "Missouri Department of Economic Development — press release",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "11155 N. Airworld Dr (former Bank of America campus, ~16.9 acres), Platte County near KCI airport. Launches early 2026 with 24 MW confirmed; >100 MW is a scale-up ceiling (planned figure). Distinct parcels from Google (Project Mica) and Meta's Kansas City sites. Eligible for the Missouri Data Center Sales Tax Exemption (eligibility only — no award amount confirmed; honest-zero). The >$500M figure is a press estimate (notes). Dedicated to a single unnamed AI customer under a multi-year agreement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Evergy",
      "notes": "Evergy electricity; Spire natural gas listed as a partner."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Data Center Sales Tax Exemption Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Missouri",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 16.9,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "lancium-crusoe-abilene-tx",
    "name": "Lancium Clean Campus (Crusoe / Stargate Site 1)",
    "operator": "Crusoe",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.502213,
      "lon": -99.788717,
      "city": "Abilene",
      "county": "Taylor",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200,
      "operational": 200
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid; Crusoe has separately contracted 4.5 GW of natural gas supply for its broader multi-site AI buildout",
    "announcedDate": "2021-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-12",
        "note": "Lancium announces \"Project Artemis\": a Bitcoin-mining/grid-demand-response campus with Taylor County and the City of Abilene, projected at up to $2.4B over 20 years, scaling 200 MW to 1 GW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Crusoe Energy begins building AI/HPC data-center buildings on the Lancium campus, pivoting the site from its original crypto-mining plan toward multi-tenant AI hosting (publicly branded \"Stargate Site 1\").",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "First 2 of 8 planned buildings (~200+ MW) operational, hosting Oracle Cloud Infrastructure GPU capacity for OpenAI's Stargate project.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/taylor-county-and-city-of-abilene-announce-historic-partnership-with-lancium-for-development-of-a-2-4-billion-data-center-campus-301449354.html",
        "label": "Taylor County and City of Abilene Announce Historic Partnership With Lancium",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-begins-construction-on-second-phase-of-abilene-texas-data-center-campus-will-add-six-buildings/",
        "label": "Crusoe Begins Construction on Second Phase of Abilene, Texas Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55276169/crusoe-adds-45-gw-natural-gas-to-fuel-ai-expands-abilene-data-center-to-12-gw",
        "label": "Crusoe Adds 4.5 GW of Natural Gas to Fuel AI, Expands Abilene Data Center to 1.2 GW",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/lancium-crusoe-executives-brief-abilene-leaders-on-major-northside-investment",
        "label": "Lancium, Crusoe Executives Brief Abilene Leaders on Major Northside Investment",
        "publisher": "KTXS (Sinclair)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/city-of-abilene-taylor-county-to-build-billion-data-center-host-bitcoin-mining",
        "label": "City of Abilene, Taylor County to Build Billion-Dollar Data Center to Host Bitcoin Mining",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Originally proposed Dec 2021 as Lancium's \"Project Artemis\" — a Bitcoin-mining and grid-demand-response campus using stranded/curtailed West Texas wind and solar power, with Lancium throttling load during ERCOT peak demand. Crusoe Energy has since built and operates AI/HPC data-center buildings on the site (publicly branded \"Stargate Site 1\"), with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure as the tenant hosting NVIDIA GPU clusters for OpenAI's Stargate project — Oracle sits contractually between Crusoe and OpenAI; no confirmed direct OpenAI-Crusoe lease. Lancium retains land/electrical-infrastructure ownership; Crusoe leases and operates part of an approximately 800-1,000-acre campus. First 2 of 8 planned buildings (~200+ MW) were operational by mid-2025; remaining 6 are under construction, with a full 1.2 GW build-out targeted for completion in 2026-2027 (dates vary by source). Construction-workforce and total AI-era investment figures conflict significantly across sources (reported range: 2,000-9,000 workers; an unverified ~$11.6B raise) and are not repeated here as fact. Coordinates are approximate (geocoded from a listed street address, not parcel-confirmed — the ~800-1,000-acre campus could place any specific building up to ~1-2 miles from this point). Also known as the Lancium Clean Campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Originally designed as an ERCOT-integrated demand-response/curtailable load site. On-site behind-the-meter natural-gas generation for this campus IS now confirmed via TCEQ Standard Permit Reg. 177263 — 10 turbines totaling 360.5 MW, 'for onsite use only for data centers and computing,' with a large expansion proposed — tracked separately as the power_generation record crusoe-abilene-onsite-generation-tx."
    },
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "City leadership has been enthusiastic about jobs and tax-base growth, framing the project locally as the city's largest single investment since Dyess Air Force Base; some nearby residents have raised construction-traffic concerns. No organized opposition campaign found.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "lancium-fort-stockton-tx",
    "name": "Lancium Fort Stockton Clean Campus",
    "operator": "Lancium",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.894,
      "lon": -102.879,
      "city": "Fort Stockton",
      "county": "Pecos",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 325,
      "operational": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lancium-breaks-ground-on-first-clean-campus-in-fort-stockton-texas-301377974.html",
        "label": "Lancium Breaks Ground on First Clean Campus in Fort Stockton, Texas",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lanciums-fort-stockton-facility-qualifies-as-ercot-controllable-load-resource-301666370.html",
        "label": "Lancium's Fort Stockton Facility Qualifies as ERCOT Controllable Load Resource",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "ERCOT-qualified Controllable Load Resource (CLR); participates in demand-response/curtailment-avoidance programs and is renewable-paired. A previously-claimed ~110-acre land-area figure could not be independently confirmed this pass and is omitted rather than reported unverified. Coordinates are Fort Stockton, TX city-center (not facility-exact).",
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "curtailed_renewable"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lavue-massaponax-tech-campus-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Massaponax Tech Campus",
    "operator": "Lavue Lane Owner LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.1869,
      "lon": -77.5505,
      "city": "Massaponax",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/3138/R25-0004-Massaponax-Tech-Campus",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County official case page — R25-0004 Massaponax Tech Campus",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/35530/4th-Submission-Proffer-Statement",
        "label": "R25-0004 4th-Submission Voluntary Proffer Statement (applicant Lavue Lane Owner LLC; 12 parcels; 588.56 ac)",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Distinct NEW campus, not a dup of tracked Cosner or PowerHouse 95. County case R25-0004; the 4th-submission Voluntary Proffer Statement (county DocumentCenter PDF, parsed locally) names Applicant 'Lavue Lane Owner LLC' (a Delaware LLC), Owner per Exhibit A, and 12 tax parcels (37-A-41, 37-A-41G, 37-A-44, 36-5-A1, 36-5-B1, 51-A-1A, 51-A-3, 37-A-41H, 37-A-42, 37-A-46, 37-A-45, 36-5-A) totaling 588.5564 acres, rezoning RU->I-2 for up to ~6.1M sq ft of data-center buildings (Phase 1 ~1.5M, Phase 2 ~4.5M) off Massaponax Church Rd / Mills Rd (US-17), Berkeley voting / Lee Hill magisterial district. ",
    "landAcres": 588.5564,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lawrenceburg-flatwoods-road-data-center-tn",
    "name": "Flatwoods Road Data Center (Lawrenceburg)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2423023,
      "lon": -87.3347389,
      "city": "Lawrenceburg",
      "county": "Lawrence",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01-08",
        "note": "Lawrenceburg City Council approved the rezoning of the Flatwoods Road site from Large Lot Residential to Light Industrial, after a public hearing, second reading and a favourable Planning Commission recommendation. The facility is described as roughly 50,000 square feet.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lawrenceburgnow.com/04212026data.html",
        "label": "Lawrenceburg data center — rezoning, size and community response (April 21, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Lawrenceburg Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Developer/operator has not been publicly named in any source retrieved. Status is recorded as permitted on the strength of the completed rezoning; a site-plan review was scheduled for July 9, 2026 and its outcome was not found. Coordinates are the Lawrenceburg town point — no parcel location on Flatwoods Road has been published.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "A Lawrence County Chamber of Commerce representative described the facility as a 'very modest power user that requires no electrical investment' using 'a different coolant technology, which requires far less water'; no consumption figure has been published."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents said they learned of the project only after the January 2026 rezoning; petitions seeking an 18-month county-wide moratorium gathered thousands of signatures, and residents raised transparency, energy, water and public-health objections.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "leeward-huckleberry-solar-mayes-county-ok",
    "name": "Huckleberry Solar",
    "operator": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2544,
      "lon": -95.3975,
      "county": "Mayes",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 125
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01-15",
        "note": "Construction begun as part of the Mayes County Solar Portfolio under Google PPAs.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-07",
        "note": "Listed as commercial in Leeward's Oklahoma portfolio milestone release.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/lre-celebrates-major-milestones-across-725-mw-oklahoma-solar-portfolio-supporting-google-operations-and-regional-power-demand/",
        "label": "LRE Celebrates Major Milestones Across 725 MW Oklahoma Solar Portfolio Supporting Google Operations",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/projects/mayes-county-solar/",
        "label": "Mayes County Solar — project page",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Huckleberry_solar_farm",
        "label": "Huckleberry solar farm — Global Solar Power Tracker",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate. Portfolio-wide economics ($76M lifetime tax revenue, 300+ construction jobs across all three Mayes County projects) are deliberately not attributed to this single record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "AEP",
      "notes": "Contracted to Google under a long-term PPA; portfolio output is delivered under firm transmission service to GRDA to support Google's Pryor data center operations."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-pryor-ok"
      ],
      "notes": "Second of three projects in Leeward's 372 MWac Mayes County Solar Portfolio, sited less than one mile from Google's Pryor data center. Leeward's project page gives the nameplate as 124.7 MWac; its July 2026 milestone release rounds it to 125 MW, the figure recorded here."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "leeward-mayes-solar-mayes-county-ok",
    "name": "Mayes Solar",
    "operator": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2901,
      "lon": -95.4265,
      "county": "Mayes",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 102
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01-15",
        "note": "Construction begun as part of the Mayes County Solar Portfolio under Google PPAs.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/lre-celebrates-major-milestones-across-725-mw-oklahoma-solar-portfolio-supporting-google-operations-and-regional-power-demand/",
        "label": "LRE Celebrates Major Milestones Across 725 MW Oklahoma Solar Portfolio Supporting Google Operations",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/projects/mayes-county-solar/",
        "label": "Mayes County Solar — project page",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Mayes_County_solar_farm",
        "label": "Mayes County solar farm — Global Solar Power Tracker",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate. Portfolio-wide economics across all three Mayes County projects are not attributed to this record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA)",
      "notes": "Contracted to Google under a long-term PPA, delivered under firm transmission service to GRDA to support Google's Pryor data center operations."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-pryor-ok"
      ],
      "notes": "Third of three projects in Leeward's 372 MWac Mayes County Solar Portfolio. Leeward's project page gives the nameplate as 101.5 MWac; the July 2026 milestone release rounds it to 102 MW, the figure recorded here. Still under construction as of that release, while its two sibling projects had reached commercial operation."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "leeward-salt-branch-solar-mayes-county-ok",
    "name": "Salt Branch Solar (Phases 1 & 2)",
    "operator": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3316,
      "lon": -95.2293,
      "county": "Mayes",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 145
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01-15",
        "note": "Leeward announced construction had begun on the 372 MWac Mayes County Solar Portfolio under Google PPAs.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-07",
        "note": "Listed as commercial in Leeward's Oklahoma portfolio milestone release.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/lre-celebrates-major-milestones-across-725-mw-oklahoma-solar-portfolio-supporting-google-operations-and-regional-power-demand/",
        "label": "LRE Celebrates Major Milestones Across 725 MW Oklahoma Solar Portfolio Supporting Google Operations",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/over-700mwac-new-solar-projects-in-ok/",
        "label": "LRE Announces Over 700 MWac of New Solar Projects in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Saltbranch_solar_farm",
        "label": "Saltbranch solar farm — Global Solar Power Tracker",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate: GEM's sibling page for Leeward's Twelvemile project carries this same coordinate while Leeward places Twelvemile in Bryan/Johnston counties, so GEM's points in this portfolio are treated as indicative rather than parcel-confirmed. Mayes County portfolio figures ($76M tax revenue over the projects' lifespan, 300+ construction jobs) are portfolio-wide across all three projects and are therefore NOT attributed to this record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA) for Salt Branch 1; AEP for Salt Branch 2",
      "notes": "Output is contracted to Google under a long-term PPA and delivered under firm transmission service to GRDA, which uses it to support Google's Pryor data center operations."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-pryor-ok"
      ],
      "notes": "One of three projects in Leeward's 372 MWac Mayes County Solar Portfolio, all sited less than one mile from Google's Pryor data center. Reached commercial operation per Leeward's July 7, 2026 portfolio milestone release."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "leeward-twelvemile-solar-1-2-bryan-county-ok",
    "name": "Twelvemile Solar 1 & 2",
    "operator": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9919761,
      "lon": -96.3776762,
      "county": "Bryan",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 152.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01-15",
        "note": "Announced with construction beginning in early 2025 under Google PPAs.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-07",
        "note": "Listed as commercial in Leeward's Oklahoma portfolio milestone release.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/lre-celebrates-major-milestones-across-725-mw-oklahoma-solar-portfolio-supporting-google-operations-and-regional-power-demand/",
        "label": "LRE Celebrates Major Milestones Across 725 MW Oklahoma Solar Portfolio Supporting Google Operations",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/over-700mwac-new-solar-projects-in-ok/",
        "label": "LRE Announces Over 700 MWac of New Solar Projects in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/projects/twelvemile-solar/",
        "label": "Twelvemile Solar — project page",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Durant%2C+Bryan+County%2C+Oklahoma&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Durant, Bryan County, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "COORDINATE CAVEAT — read before using this pin. Leeward's own project page places the Twelvemile facilities in Bryan and Johnston counties northwest of Durant, and its July 2026 release assigns Twelvemile 1 & 2 to Bryan County. Global Energy Monitor's Twelvemile page instead reports Mayes County at 36.3316, -95.2293 — the identical coordinate GEM gives for Leeward's Saltbranch project, about 260 km away — so that point was rejected as a copy error rather than used. The coordinate here is the city of Durant, an approximate county anchor, NOT the array footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "OG&E",
      "notes": "Contracted to Google under a long-term PPA. Leeward's January 2025 announcement described the Oklahoma portfolio's output as delivered under firm transmission service to GRDA to support Google's data center operations; the July 2026 milestone release names OG&E as the interconnecting utility for Twelvemile 1 & 2."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Twelvemile I (100 MW) and Twelvemile II (52.2 MW). Leeward's January 2025 release gives the combined figure as 152.5 MWac and its July 2026 release rounds it to 153 MW; the 152.5 MWac figure is recorded here. No poweredFacilityIds are set because no single named compute campus is identified for this project as opposed to the Mayes County portfolio."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "leeward-twelvemile-solar-3-johnston-county-ok",
    "name": "Twelvemile Solar 3",
    "operator": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.31888,
      "lon": -96.6752298,
      "county": "Johnston",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01-15",
        "note": "Announced with construction beginning in early 2025 as part of the 724 MWac Oklahoma portfolio.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/lre-celebrates-major-milestones-across-725-mw-oklahoma-solar-portfolio-supporting-google-operations-and-regional-power-demand/",
        "label": "LRE Celebrates Major Milestones Across 725 MW Oklahoma Solar Portfolio Supporting Google Operations",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/over-700mwac-new-solar-projects-in-ok/",
        "label": "LRE Announces Over 700 MWac of New Solar Projects in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lreus.com/projects/twelvemile-solar/",
        "label": "Twelvemile Solar — project page",
        "publisher": "Leeward Renewable Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Johnston+County%2C+Oklahoma&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Johnston County, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "COORDINATE CAVEAT: the pin is the Johnston County centroid, an approximate county anchor and not the array footprint. Global Energy Monitor's Twelvemile entry places the project in Mayes County at a coordinate identical to its Saltbranch entry; that point was rejected as a copy error in favour of the developer's own county assignment.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Part of Leeward's 725 MW Oklahoma solar portfolio developed alongside long-term Google PPAs. The July 2026 milestone release does not name an interconnecting utility for this phase, so none is recorded."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "Third Twelvemile phase, 200 MWac, in Johnston County. Under construction as of Leeward's July 7, 2026 release, which expected commercial operation \"in coming months.\" Leeward's project page also describes a future Twelvemile IV anticipated around 2029; that phase is not recorded here. No poweredFacilityIds set — no single named compute campus is identified for this phase."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "legacy-investing-north-loop-minneapolis-mn",
    "name": "Legacy Investing North Loop (former Star Tribune printing plant)",
    "operator": "Legacy Investing",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.9906553,
      "lon": -93.2766429,
      "city": "Minneapolis",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "800 North 1st Street",
      "postalCode": "55401",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "note": "Legacy Investing reached an agreement to acquire the 13-acre former Star Tribune Heritage printing site; the project is pending city approvals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/data-center-minnesota-star-tribune-downtown-minneapolis/",
        "label": "CBS News Minnesota — Data center company acquires former Star Tribune printing site (address, 13 acres, ~566,000 sq ft, 20 MW)",
        "publisher": "CBS News Minnesota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox9.com/news/data-center-poised-replace-star-tribune-printing-facility-north-loop",
        "label": "FOX 9 — Data center proposed for former Star Tribune site sparks debate in Minneapolis",
        "publisher": "FOX 9 Minneapolis-St. Paul",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=800+North+1st+Street%2C+Minneapolis%2C+MN&format=json&limit=3&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — Star Tribune Heritage Center, 800 North 1st Street, Minneapolis, MN 55401",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "CBS reports \"approximately 566,000 square feet\" on 13 acres with \"20 megawatts\" of capacity; FOX 9 puts the building at \"nearly 600,000 square feet\". The Star Tribune vacated the Heritage printing facility in December 2025. Minneapolis adopted a moratorium on data centers over 350,000 sq ft; the city's preliminary zoning recommendations would require a conditional use permit and confine new data centers to the DT1/DT2 districts in existing buildings.",
    "landAcres": 13,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "leola-data-center-mcpherson-county-sd",
    "name": "Leola Data Center",
    "operator": "Leola Data Center, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.704374067105,
      "lon": -99.035447087942,
      "city": "Leola",
      "county": "McPherson",
      "street": "11641 358th Avenue",
      "state": "SD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Original conditional use permit application filed with McPherson County for a 50 MW data center on 2 of 20 acres adjacent to MDU's Leola Substation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "McPherson County enacted a moratorium on data-center siting and a one-mile setback ordinance while continuing to review this application.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://puc.sd.gov/commission/dockets/electric/2024/EL24-027/CondUsePermit.pdf",
        "label": "Leola Data Center -- McPherson County Conditional Use Permit Application & Supplemental Information",
        "publisher": "McPherson County, SD (via South Dakota PUC docket EL24-027)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aberdeeninsider.com/mcpherson-county-postpones-approval-of-leola-data-center-conditional-use-permit/",
        "label": "McPherson County Postpones Approval Of Leola Data Center Conditional Use Permit",
        "publisher": "Aberdeen Insider",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://aberdeeninsider.com/mcpherson-county-approves-moratorium-on-data-centers-enacts-1-mile-setback/",
        "label": "McPherson County Approves Moratorium On Data Centers, Enacts 1 Mile Setback",
        "publisher": "Aberdeen Insider",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Site is legally described as Section 28 (part E1/2), Township 126N, Range 68W, McPherson County -- a 20-acre parcel adjacent to Montana-Dakota Utilities' Leola Substation, at the SW corner of 358th Avenue (Highway 17) and 116th Street, about 5 miles southwest of Leola. The CUP application itself lists 11641 358th Avenue, Leola, SD 57456 as the site's general area/street address, which is what was geocoded here (US Census geocoder); precision is approximate because this is a street-level geocode, not a confirmed parcel-corner survey point. As of 2026-09-13 no final CUP decision had been located in sources checked this run.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "McPherson County CUP supplemental filing (2024-11-07) describes a closed-loop, 30:70 glycol:water immersion cooling process, with the glycol:water solution itself air-cooled via low-noise fans -- a recirculating water circuit is present, so this is closed_loop under the schema's tie-breaker rule, not air."
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "McPherson County's Board of Adjustment deferred action on Leola Data Center's conditional use permit application (confirmed via direct fetch of Aberdeen Insider's report, 2026-09-13; the site's own article text was largely paywalled so the exact hearing date could not be independently confirmed this run). The county separately enacted a moratorium on data-center siting plus a one-mile setback from any church, school or residence, in county reporting tied explicitly to this application and dated to December 2024 (Aberdeen Insider, fetched 2026-09-13, also partially paywalled). Other press coverage surfaced by search but NOT independently fetched this run additionally describes a subsequent county ordinance permitting data centers as a conditional use, a July 2026 refiling of the application, an August 11, 2026 hearing, and a proposed $150,000/year payment to local emergency services -- these specific figures are flagged as unverified against a primary document this run.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lerner-brightseat-tech-park-md",
    "name": "Brightseat Tech Park",
    "operator": "Lerner Enterprises / The Tower Companies (Brightseat Associates LLC)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.931,
      "lon": -76.868,
      "city": "Landover",
      "county": "Prince George's",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 820
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "Prince George's County Planning Board approved 4.1 million sq ft, five-building campus at 2101 Brightseat Road (former Landover Mall site, demolished 2006)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Final plan approvals received October 2024 under 2021 county law bypassing Council review. Groundbreaking target 2026 or 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/lerners-maryland-data-center-campus-could-total-820mw/",
        "label": "Lerner's Maryland data center campus could total 820MW",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://afrotech.com/prince-georges-county-pauses-landover-mall-data-center-project",
        "label": "Prince George's County Executive Orders Temporary Halt to Landover Mall Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "AfroTech",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/brightseat-tech-park/",
        "label": "Brightseat Tech Park, Prince George's County, MD: Maryland Data Center Series, Pt. 4",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wtop.com/maryland/2026/07/prince-georges-co-extends-pause-on-hyperscale-data-center-development/",
        "label": "Two-year moratorium on data center development passes in Prince George's Co.",
        "publisher": "WTOP News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pgccouncil.us/m/newsflash",
        "label": "Chair Oriadha Announces Two-Year Moratorium to Prevent New Data Centers from Operating in the County",
        "publisher": "Prince George's County Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "2101 Brightseat Road, Landover MD. Project has final plan approvals but is politically frozen pending task force report. Five buildings on 87 acres of former mall site. As a permitted-but-frozen project, no facility-specific water design, subsidy award, or committed job figures have been disclosed; job figures circulating in press are Maryland Tech Council sector benchmarks, not Brightseat commitments. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status remains PERMITTED (no enum value exists for 'construction paused by opposition/moratorium'). Groundbreaking has not occurred; community opposition (23,000+ petition signatures) and PG County Council ordinances CB-019-2026/CB-020-2026 (introduced March 2026 to repeal the qualified-data-center site-plan-review exemption) continue to threaten the timeline. Subsidies: found only a general-program reference (MD/PG County 2020 sales-and-use tax exemption for qualified data centers, Tax-General Article Sec.11-239(a)(5)(i)) with no site-specific dollar figure for this project, so no subsidies entry is reported -- record as a program-level fact only. No street-address source was independently fetched this run (existing statusHistory note already cites 2101 Brightseat Road from an earlier source), so location.street is left for a future run with a fresh citation.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Pepco (Exelon)",
      "notes": "Prince George's County is Pepco (Exelon) service territory. The 820 MW campus holds final plan approvals but has been politically frozen since a September 2025 county-executive order and a council moratorium, so interconnection/PJM and on-site generation details remain undisclosed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 87,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "22,500+ petition signatures collected. County Executive Aisha Braveboy issued executive order in September 2025 pausing development. Separately, the Prince George's County COUNCIL passed a county-wide TWO-YEAR moratorium on hyperscale data center development -- a distinct action from the County Executive's September 2025 executive-order pause above, and reported by WTOP on 2026-07-07 (the article states no vote date, so 2026-07-07 is the REPORTING date, not the vote date). WTOP quotes a council member pointing to \"the data center project proposed for the old Landover Mall site, which the county is trying to stop, as one she considered harmful\" -- i.e. this site. Qualified Data Center Task Force created. Predominantly Black community (63% African American census tract); environmental justice concerns raised.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "les-terry-bundy-generating-station-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Terry Bundy Generating Station",
    "operator": "Lincoln Electric System",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.909653,
      "lon": -96.61309,
      "city": "Lincoln",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 216.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2003",
        "note": "First units entered service (EIA-860M operating inventory).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "LES contracted two GE Vernova LM6000VELOX packages (~100 MW) for 2029 service.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/lincoln-electric-system-expands-terry-bundy-plant-with-ge-vernova-gas-turbines",
        "label": "Lincoln Electric System expands Terry Bundy Plant with GE Vernova gas turbines",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M), July 2026 — Operating and Planned sheets, Nebraska rows",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Lincoln Electric System's principal generating station and the local utility serving the Google Lincoln (Agate) campus, which is the load driving Lincoln-area capacity questions. The post-expansion total has deliberately not been recorded, because 216.3 MW (EIA nameplate) and ~100 MW (ISO-condition rating) are stated on different bases and summing them would publish a derived figure. Coordinates from EIA-860M.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Lincoln Electric System",
      "notes": "EIA-860M's July 2026 operating inventory lists eight units totalling 216.3 MW nameplate at the station, spanning natural gas combustion turbines, a natural gas combined-cycle unit, landfill gas and petroleum liquids, with in-service dates from 2003 to 2014. Two GE Vernova LM6000VELOX aeroderivative gas turbine packages adding approximately 100 MW at ISO conditions are contracted for 2029; EIA lists them as units 5 and 6 at 52 MW each with a June 2029 planned operation date."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 8,
      "notes": "GE Vernova says the expansion builds on the first three aeroderivative units already installed at the plant and is intended to meet \"rapidly growing electricity demand driven by population growth and expanding residential and commercial needs.\""
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lex-developments-pocatello-id",
    "name": "Lex Developments AI Data Center (former Hoku polysilicon site)",
    "operator": "Lex Developments",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8713,
      "lon": -112.4455,
      "city": "Pocatello",
      "county": "Bannock",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Lex Developments sought a conditional use permit for a ~$2.26 billion AI data center at the former Hoku Materials polysilicon plant site (River Park Complex).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Pocatello City Council voted 4-1 to uphold the Hearing Examiner's denial of the conditional use permit, ending the local approval path as of retrieval.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/pocatello-hearing-examiner-denies-hoku-site-data-center-permit-but-lex-developments-vows-return/article_c80a0e12-3fe8-4ed0-b755-89321377a95d.html",
        "label": "Pocatello hearing examiner denies Hoku site data center permit but Lex Developments vows return",
        "publisher": "Idaho State Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://localnews8.com/news/2026/07/16/pocatello-city-council-upholds-hearing-examiners-decision-says-no-to-proposed-ai-data-center/",
        "label": "Pocatello City Council Upholds Hearing Examiner's Decision, says \"no\" to Proposed AI Data Center",
        "publisher": "KIFI Local News 8",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Projected investment of $2.26 billion and 150-300 permanent local jobs were part of the developer's denied application (Idaho State Journal), not a built or committed project. No MW capacity, secured tenant, or site acreage was stated in either source fetched. This pin is a Pocatello city-centroid placeholder (precision: approximate): neither source fetched gave a parcel-level address for the former Hoku polysilicon site, and OpenStreetMap has no feature for it. It is NOT a claim about where on the Hoku parcel the proposal sat, and it is not co-located with the FBI Grey Wolf record in this batch, whose pin was corrected to its own OSM building POI 4.0 km north.",
    "investmentUsd": 2260000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Hearing Examiner Kathleen Lewis denied the conditional use permit after a 2026-05-14 hearing, finding the application did not meet Pocatello Municipal Code 17.02.130(D)'s criteria that the use adequately serve public facilities and not be detrimental to public health, safety, or welfare; critics said the applicant could not answer specifics of the conditions and no tenant was confirmed pending an Idaho Power capacity study. Lex Developments (represented by Gus Shultz) appealed; the Pocatello City Council voted 4-1 on 2026-07-16 to uphold the denial. Dissenting Council Member Bates warned the path led to 'exhausting appeals, taking the city to court'; Mayor Dahlquist cited 'the speculative nature' of the proposal, noting 'we don't have an exact company that is committed.' No court filing was confirmed in either source fetched.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "lge-mill-creek-6-jefferson-ky",
    "name": "Mill Creek Unit 6",
    "operator": "Louisville Gas and Electric Company",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.0516868,
      "lon": -85.9068898,
      "city": "Louisville",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 645
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-10-28",
        "note": "The Kentucky Public Service Commission granted a certificate of public convenience and necessity in Case No. 2025-00045, conditioned on the commitment that LG&E/KU will not build the approved facilities if load growth does not materialize as reasonably anticipated.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lge-ku.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/10/30/lge-and-ku-receive-approval-plans-meet-kentuckys-growing-energy",
        "label": "LG&E and KU receive approval on plans to meet Kentucky's growing energy needs",
        "publisher": "LG&E and KU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/lge-ku-propose-3-7b-power-buildout-1-3-gw-of-new-gas-plants-153m-coal-unit-upgrade/",
        "label": "LG&E, KU Propose $3.7B Power Buildout: 1.3 GW of New Gas Plants, $153M Coal Unit Upgrade",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-10-28/kentucky-regulators-grant-lg-e-ku-permission-to-build-power-plants-for-future-data-centers",
        "label": "Kentucky regulators grant LG&E/KU permission to build power plants for future data centers",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kentuckylantern.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EPIC-REPORT-NO-2026-001-FINAL.pdf",
        "label": "EPIC Report No. 2026-001, Data Centers in Kentucky (PSC Case No. 2025-00045 order of October 28, 2025 approving Mill Creek 6 and Brown 12, conditioned on data center load development)",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Energy Planning and Inventory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Mill+Creek+Generating+Station%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim named feature 'Mill Creek Generating Station', Jefferson County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Tracked here because the unit's approval is explicitly tied to data center load: in the CPCN application LG&E/KU projected at least 1.8 GW of additional load from large-scale, high-load-factor data centers, testimony described over 8 GW of economic development load under pursuit of which more than 6,000 MW relates to data centers, and the PSC conditioned approval on the commitment not to build if that load does not materialize. It is a utility grid-connected plant, not behind-the-meter dedicated generation for a single named campus, so no offtaker or poweredFacilityIds are asserted. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap feature for the existing Mill Creek Generating Station, where the unit would be sited; the new unit's own footprint is not mapped.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "645 MW (net summer rating) natural gas combined-cycle unit at LG&E's Mill Creek Generating Station; estimated cost $1.42 billion, targeted in service 2031."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "liberty-center-one-royal-oak-mi",
    "name": "Liberty Center One Royal Oak Data Center",
    "operator": "Liberty Center One",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.533508,
      "lon": -83.177393,
      "city": "Royal Oak",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "4815 Delemere Ave",
      "postalCode": "48073",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://libertycenterone.com/",
        "label": "Liberty Center One — \"4815 Delemere Ave. Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA\"; public and private cloud, colocation, disaster recovery",
        "publisher": "Liberty Center One",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"Liberty Center One\", 4815 Delemere Ave, Royal Oak 48073",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Independent Michigan colocation provider; the operator also lists a Cincinnati, OH office, which is not a Michigan facility. No square footage or MW is published on the operator site, so none is asserted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lightedge-ames-ia",
    "name": "LightEdge Ames Edge Colocation Data Center",
    "operator": "LightEdge Solutions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0308,
      "lon": -93.6319,
      "city": "Ames",
      "county": "Story",
      "street": "Aviation Way",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-23",
        "note": "Ames City Council first reading on the proposal to lease city airport land to LightEdge; decision point scheduled for 2026-07-28.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightedge.com/ames/",
        "label": "Ames Data Center Proposal — LightEdge edge colocation project page",
        "publisher": "LightEdge Solutions",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "Proposed single-storey edge colocation facility on roughly 10.86 acres of Ames airport land on Aviation Way, in a Planned Industrial zone, adjacent to the Ames Regional Airport and the ISU Research Park. Phased electrical demand of 3 MW in phase one, 6 MW in phase two, and as much as 25 MW at full buildout over roughly ten years — reported locally as about a 15 percent increase in the city's total consumption. LightEdge explicitly rules out AI or hyperscale use: asked whether it would house AI servers, its proposal answers 'No. This is edge colocation.' aiClassification is therefore omitted. Reported at roughly 100,000 sq ft in local coverage, but the operator's own page does not state a square footage, so it is not recorded. Distinct site from the tracked LightEdge Altoona facility.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "reportedMgd": 0,
      "notes": "Air-cooled using chillers and fans rather than evaporative systems; LightEdge's proposal states approximately 0 gallons per day of cooling water, and cites its Altoona facility's 1,267 gallons a day — 5 percent of Iowa's 25,000-gallon permit threshold — as the reference case."
    },
    "landAcres": 10.86,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The proposal would lease city-owned airport land, which put it in front of the council and the public: a first reading on 2026-06-23, a public listening session on 2026-06-30, and a decision point set for the 2026-07-28 council meeting. Residents organised against it, and the council acknowledged the proposal raises electrical capacity, transmission and distribution, and utility rate questions for Ames Electric Services. Reported estimates put a required dedicated substation at about $12 million. LightEdge's own materials push back on jobs expectations, stating data centers are 'not large direct employers' and that 'staffing on site for a facility like this is small.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lightedge-chaska-mn",
    "name": "LightEdge Chaska (fka Stream Data Centers Minneapolis I)",
    "operator": "LightEdge (GI Partners)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.828,
      "lon": -93.635,
      "city": "Chaska",
      "county": "Carver",
      "street": "1708 West Creek Lane",
      "postalCode": "55318",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3.6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-01-17",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lightedge-acquires-top-tier-high-density-data-center-in-minneapolis-302037017.html",
        "label": "LightEdge Acquires Top-Tier High Density Data Center in Minneapolis",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / LightEdge (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/gi-partners-lightedge-acquires-stream-dc-data-center-in-minneapolis-minnesota/",
        "label": "GI Partners' LightEdge acquires Stream DC data center in Minneapolis, Minnesota",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lightedge.com/data-center-locations/minneapolis/",
        "label": "LightEdge — Minneapolis data center: \"1708 West Creek Lane, Chaska, MN 55318\"",
        "publisher": "LightEdge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Stream Data Centers - MN I, 1708 W Creek Ln, Chaska MN 55318 (the site LightEdge acquired)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "1708 West Creek Lane, Chaska, MN — built by Stream Data Centers in 2013 as 'Minneapolis I'; acquired by LightEdge (owned by GI Partners) Jan 17, 2024, LightEdge's entry into the MN market. DISTINCT site from the already-tracked flexential-minneapolis-chaska-msp01-mn (3500 Lyman Boulevard, ~5.4 mi away, different owner) — not a duplicate. Uptime Tier III Design Certified, 76,000 sq ft total / 30,000 sq ft data hall across 3 suites.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lightedge-papillion-ne",
    "name": "LightEdge Omaha Data Center",
    "operator": "LightEdge",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1544,
      "lon": -96.0428,
      "city": "Papillion",
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "street": "1148 American Parkway",
      "postalCode": "68046",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightedge.com/data-centers/omaha-data-center/",
        "label": "LightEdge Omaha, NE Colocation Data Center — '1148 American Parkway, Papillion, Nebraska 68046'",
        "publisher": "LightEdge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250830145932/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/1623-farnam-adds-15mw-to-omaha-data-center-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "DCD (archived) — 'Other operators in Omaha include H5, TierPoint, LightEdge, Lumen, Cogent, and Google'",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "LightEdge colocation facility at 1148 American Parkway, Papillion (Sarpy County). DELIBERATELY THIN: LightEdge's own page publishes only the address — no square footage, no MW, no tier, no certifications, no build date — and every size/power figure circulating for this site (e.g. '21,377 sq ft, 10,000 sq ft raised floor, 1.0 MW') comes from third-party colocation directories that were NOT fetched or verified this session, so none of it is recorded. DCD independently names LightEdge as an operator in the Omaha market, which corroborates the operator's presence but adds no site detail. confidence is 'reported'. Coordinates are a PAPILLION CITY-LEVEL point, not a geocode of American Parkway — this record needs an address geocode pass before its map pin should be trusted. Offered as the thinnest of the Omaha-metro colocation candidates; reject it if the dataset's bar requires more than an operator-confirmed address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "lightedge-solutions-altoona-ia",
    "name": "LightEdge Altoona Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "LightEdge Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6433,
      "lon": -93.4627,
      "city": "Altoona",
      "county": "Polk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightedge.com/data-centers/des-moines-data-center/",
        "label": "Des Moines, IA Colocation Data Centers | Lightedge",
        "publisher": "LightEdge Solutions",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Two-building purpose-built colocation campus on Northridge Circle, Altoona (Des Moines metro): 1435 Northridge Circle and 1401 Northridge Circle, both confirmed on LightEdge's own site. Owns/operates the buildings — not a tenancy. Could NOT confirm an MW or exact sq-ft figure on any page I fetched directly (the LightEdge page references 'critical IT capacity'/'total square feet' fields without rendering values, and a linked PDF spec sheet exceeded fetchable size). Third-party listings (not independently confirmed) cite ~73,000 SF total and N+1 cooling redundancy — omitted capacityMw rather than guess. Worth a follow-up with a direct call/site-visit-grade source, or a successful fetch of the spec-sheet PDF, to pin capacity.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lightfield-energy-chickasha-airport-ok",
    "name": "Chickasha Airport Industrial Park Behind-the-Meter Power Plant",
    "operator": "Lightfield Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0526,
      "lon": -97.9364,
      "city": "Chickasha",
      "county": "Grady",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06-05",
        "note": "Announced by developer Chet Hitt with Citizen Capital (financing, led by Bond Payne) and Lightfield Energy (plant construction, led by Billy Sorenson).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://okenergytoday.com/2025/06/more-details-about-the-proposed-chickasha-data-center/",
        "label": "More details about the proposed Chickasha data center",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/local-regional/2026-08-06/some-data-centers-are-building-their-own-power-plants-in-oklahoma-most-want-to-plug-into-the-grid",
        "label": "Some data centers are building their own power plants. In Oklahoma, most want to plug into the grid",
        "publisher": "StateImpact Oklahoma / Public Radio Tulsa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.southwestledger.news/chickasha-industrial-park-development-could-generate-35b-investment-3000-jobs",
        "label": "Chickasha industrial park development could generate $3.5B investment, 3,000 jobs",
        "publisher": "Southwest Ledger",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "The $3.5B figure is for the combined plant-plus-data-center project and is therefore recorded in generation.notes, not as this record's investmentUsd. As of the August 2026 reporting no firm data-center tenant had been made public; the compute side of the site is intentionally not created as a separate record until it is named.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Natural gas supplied via an Energy Transfer connection; built under Oklahoma's SB 480 'behind the meter' law to serve a co-located data center rather than the grid."
    },
    "landAcres": 200,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Co-located data center at Chickasha Airport Industrial Park",
      "notes": "Phased build: 125-150 MW added roughly every six months, first phase 18-24 months, remaining phases over ~2.5 further years. Combined power-plant-plus-data-center investment reported at $3.5 billion or more; 280 acres purchased for $1.358 million, of which about 200 acres is designated for the power plant and data center and 80 acres for a commercial/industrial subdivision."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lightwave-networks-needham-ma",
    "name": "LightWave Networks Needham Data Center",
    "operator": "LightWave Networks",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.302267,
      "lon": -71.219577,
      "city": "Needham",
      "county": "Norfolk",
      "street": "105 Cabot Street",
      "postalCode": "02494",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Active PeeringDB facility record under LightWave Networks at 105 Cabot St, Needham.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/5951",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: LightWave Networks, 105 Cabot St, Needham MA",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "A separate Needham facility from the tracked Digital Realty BOS14 at 128 First Avenue - different operator, different address. Single-source record, hence \"reported\".",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "liquidcool-loring-afb-me",
    "name": "Loring LiquidCool Data Center (Green 4 Maine Campus)",
    "operator": "LiquidCool Solutions / Green 4 Maine",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.9502,
      "lon": -67.8849,
      "city": "Limestone",
      "county": "Aroostook",
      "state": "ME",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "poweredBy": "Canadian hydropower (New Brunswick); immersion cooling (no water consumed)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "LiquidCool Solutions and Green 4 Maine announce Maine's first AI-focused data center at Building No. 7230, former Loring AFB; operational target within 6 months of October 2025 announcement",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Maine Legislature advances LD 307 data center moratorium (20MW+ facilities); Loring project above threshold with 24MW will-serve agreement. Governor Mills ultimately vetoed LD 307; veto sustained June 2026, clearing path for Loring project.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bangordailynews.com/2025/10/14/aroostook/ai-data-center-loring-air-force-base/",
        "label": "Maine's 1st AI Data Center Planned for Aroostook County",
        "publisher": "Bangor Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bangordailynews.com/2026/03/10/aroostook/aroostook-business/maine-data-center-ban-loring-joam40zk0w/",
        "label": "Maine's Proposed Data Center Ban Could Restrict Facility Planned at Loring",
        "publisher": "Bangor Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "115,000 sq ft leased within Green 4 Maine's 450-acre innovation hub on former USAF base. LiquidCool Solutions is a Minnesota-based technology company. First phase starts at 5-6MW; 50MW total available at base. Project marketed as cross-border US/Canada AI hub.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Versant Power",
      "notes": "Power from Canadian hydro via Versant Power (Aroostook County utility). 24MW will-serve agreement confirmed; 40MW immediately available at base; potential to scale to several hundred MW. Fiber connected to Three-Ring Binder statewide network (MAE-East internet exchange)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "LiquidCool immersion cooling uses polyalphaolefin oil (non-conductive); no water consumed for cooling per developer claim."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Maine LD 307, pending in the Legislature as of March 2026, would bar permits for facilities over 20MW until late 2027 — directly threatening this project's 24MW power agreement (developer says it 'can live with' the cap but it blocks the planned 50MW scale-up).",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "litewire-mcminnville-tn",
    "name": "Litewire McMinnville (former A.O. Smith Building)",
    "operator": "Litewire",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.69221,
      "lon": -85.7619,
      "city": "McMinnville",
      "county": "Warren",
      "street": "204 Red Rd.",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://tnecd.com/news/litewire-llc-to-open-new-facility-in-warren-county/",
        "label": "Litewire, LLC to Open New Facility in Warren County",
        "publisher": "Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/how-big-are-middle-tennessees-data-centers-a-look-at-facilities-already-operating",
        "label": "How big are Middle Tennessee's data centers? A look at facilities already operating",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 5 Nashville",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 66
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "little-blue-wind-webster-ne",
    "name": "Little Blue Wind Project",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2863,
      "lon": -98.5777,
      "city": "Blue Hill",
      "county": "Webster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 249.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-12",
        "note": "Nebraska DWEE records a December 2021 online date.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Little_Blue_Wind_Project",
        "label": "Little Blue Wind Project",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Spans Webster and Franklin counties per Nebraska DWEE, which lists 249.6 MW; Global Energy Monitor lists 250.7 MW and places the site at Blue Hill, Webster County. The state figure is recorded here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ln-compute-cuthbert-ga",
    "name": "LN Compute Cuthbert Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "LN Compute Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.77083,
      "lon": -84.79361,
      "city": "Cuthbert",
      "county": "Randolph",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.walb.com/2025/09/25/new-crypto-mine-could-pump-millions-into-south-georgia-community/",
        "label": "WALB (Sept 25, 2025): a new crypto-mining facility has officially opened in Cuthbert's industrial park, Randolph County; consumes about 7 megawatts (WALB's 'equivalent of powering 5,000 homes'); on-site project manager Hao Chen; Atkinson County facility expected to break ground next",
        "publisher": "WALB News 10",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/georgia/cuthbert/ln-compute-cuthbert/",
        "label": "DataCenterMap listing: LN Compute Cuthbert, 50 Industrial Blvd, Cuthbert, GA — attributes the site to LN Compute",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "An operational bitcoin-mining facility in Cuthbert's industrial park (Randolph County), reported by WALB to have officially opened by September 2025 and to consume about 7 MW (WALB: 'the equivalent of powering 5,000 homes'). Attributed to LN Compute Inc. via a DataCenterMap listing (50 Industrial Blvd); WALB names only the on-site project manager (Hao Chen), not the operating company, so the operator is carried at 'reported' confidence and no specific LN Energy numbered-LLC entity is asserted (LN Compute's Georgia sites use several such LLCs). WALB notes the site was chosen partly for low-mineral city water — consistent with water/liquid cooling, but the cooling type is not explicitly stated, so it is omitted. Coordinates are Cuthbert city-center (approximate); the listing's 50 Industrial Blvd address was not parcel-confirmed. Distinct from LN Compute's former Soperton site (sold to Cango Inc., Aug 2025) and from the separate LN Energy Blackshear/Pierce County proposal whose permit was denied (id=ln-energy-blackshear-pierce-ga).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ln-energy-blackshear-pierce-ga",
    "name": "LN Energy Blackshear Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "LN Energy",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.30518,
      "lon": -82.24207,
      "city": "Blackshear",
      "county": "Pierce",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Pierce County Commission unanimously denied the conditional-use permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2025-02-19/georgia-bitcoin-mining-permit-den",
        "label": "TheEnergyMag / TheMinerMag (Feb 19, 2025): Pierce County Commission unanimously denied LN Energy's conditional-use permit for a bitcoin mine at 1199 Cason Road, Blackshear (Rehobeth Church Community); 150+ residents attended, virtually all opposing over noise, energy consumption, and property-value concerns; notes LN Energy previously sold five turnkey GA mining sites (60 MW total) to CleanSpark for ~$26M",
        "publisher": "TheEnergyMag (TheMinerMag)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "A proposed LN Energy bitcoin-mining facility at 1199 Cason Road in the Rehobeth Church Community near Blackshear (Pierce County) whose conditional-use permit was unanimously denied by the Pierce County Commission in February 2025 after organized community opposition (150+ residents). No capacity was disclosed, so capacityMw is omitted (per the convention for cancelled sites). Recorded as a defeated project for the opposition lens. Coordinates are Blackshear city-center (approximate); the Cason Road site lies in a rural community outside the city. Single-source at intake (TheEnergyMag / TheMinerMag); a DatacenterDynamics report on the same denial exists but was inaccessible when this record was created. LN Energy is an affiliate of LN Compute Inc.; distinct from LN Compute's operational Cuthbert site (id=ln-compute-cuthbert-ga) and its former Soperton site (sold to Cango).",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Over 150 residents attended the February 2025 Pierce County Commission meeting, with virtually everyone opposing the permit; stated concerns were noise, high energy consumption, and potential property-value declines. Pierce County hosts no other bitcoin-mining operations, so this would have been its first.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "logistix-hamilton-innovation-center-butler-county-oh",
    "name": "Hamilton Innovation Center",
    "operator": "Logistix Property Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3995,
      "lon": -84.5613,
      "city": "Hamilton",
      "county": "Butler",
      "street": "1380 University Boulevard",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Hamilton City Council approved sale of ~15 acres (University Commerce Park, Riverside neighborhood) to Logistix for $65,000; original plan ~155,000 sq ft data center + 95,000 sq ft substation, ~$15M investment, ~15 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Project rescaled: Logistix partnered with Wharton Equity Partners and moved to a 29.2-acre city-owned parcel at 1380 University Boulevard, targeting 320,000 sq ft, 200+ MW (up from an earlier 80 MW plan), $1B+ investment, and 100+ jobs; groundbreaking targeted January 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "City-commissioned feasibility study found the grid can deliver only 45 MW within 24 months against Logistix's 240 MW request; Logistix asked the city to pause the study, stating no decision had been made on the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Butler County Commissioners' data-center moratorium coverage (moratorium covers only unincorporated townships, not the City of Hamilton) confirms the Hamilton project has been on pause since January 2026, with no resumption, cancellation, or construction start confirmed since.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.journal-news.com/news/hamilton-oks-plan-for-data-center-project-in-riverside-neighborhood/BFSJT4SRYFC5XGE7DKESMRI72U/",
        "label": "Hamilton OKs plan for data center project in Riverside neighborhood",
        "publisher": "Journal-News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://waremalcomb.com/projects/hamilton-innovation-center/",
        "label": "Hamilton Innovation Center — project page",
        "publisher": "Ware Malcomb",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thebcfa.org/ignitebutler/featured-news-articles/p/item/64490/1b-hyperscale-data-center-could-break-ground-in-city-of-hamilton-in-2026",
        "label": "$1B hyperscale data center could break ground in City of Hamilton in 2026",
        "publisher": "Butler County Foundation for Advancement",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local12.com/news/local/plans-1-billion-cincinnati-hamilton-ohio-data-center-advance-despite-environmental-energy-concerns",
        "label": "Plans for $1 billion Cincinnati, Hamilton Ohio data center advance despite environmental, energy concerns",
        "publisher": "Local12/WKRC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-01-15/hamilton-data-center-paused-study",
        "label": "Feasibility study for Hamilton data center paused as developer considers next steps",
        "publisher": "WVXU / Cincinnati Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-06-17/butler-county-approves-data-center-moratorium",
        "label": "Butler County Commissioners approve short-term data center moratorium",
        "publisher": "WVXU / Cincinnati Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/ohio/922/hamilton-innovation-center",
        "label": "Hamilton Innovation Center",
        "publisher": "CleanView",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Site scaled and moved twice: original Nov 2024 plan was ~15 acres/155,000 sq ft/~$15M/~15 MW at University Commerce Park; by fall 2025 it had grown to a 29.2-acre city-owned parcel at 1380 University Boulevard, 320,000 sq ft, 200+ MW, $1B+ (Wharton Equity Partners partnership). No single capacityMw figure is asserted here — disclosed MW figures range from an original 15 MW up to a 240 MW request that a Jan 2026 city feasibility study found undeliverable (only 45 MW available within 24 months). Project has been paused since January 2026 pending resolution of that power-delivery gap; most recent confirmed reporting (June 2026) states it remains paused, with no resumption, cancellation, or construction start found. No AI/HPC-specific marketing language found in any source, so aiClassification is omitted. Coordinates are the Hamilton, OH city-area centroid, not an independently geocoded parcel point for 1380 University Boulevard.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 29.2,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Organized resident opposition on environmental, health, and energy-cost concerns documented since at least fall 2025; the project's power-delivery shortfall (240 MW requested vs. 45 MW/24-month deliverable) triggered the Jan 2026 pause. Butler County's June 2026 moratorium legally covers only unincorporated townships, not the City of Hamilton, but reflects regional opposition context.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "logix-reality-frankfort-clinton-county-in",
    "name": "Logix Reality Frankfort Data Center",
    "operator": "Logix Reality LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2792,
      "lon": -86.5108,
      "city": "Frankfort",
      "county": "Clinton",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-06",
        "note": "Clinton County Area Plan Commission issued a favorable recommendation on the rezoning of 714.55 acres from A1 Agricultural to I1 Light Industrial.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-01-20",
        "note": "Clinton County Commissioners unanimously denied the rezoning, citing impact on adjacent property owners and the developer's failure to negotiate the 14 proposed commitments. The denial bars the petitioner from returning for 12 months.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.clintoncountytoday.com/commissioners-say-no-to-the-rezoning-of-land-for-data-center/",
        "label": "Commissioners Say 'No' to the Rezoning of Land for Data Center",
        "publisher": "Clinton County Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Site sits east of Frankfort near Conagra, spanning unincorporated county land and a portion inside Frankfort city limits. No capacity or investment figure was disclosed.",
    "landAcres": 714.55,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Commissioners cited negative impact on area property owners. A separate variance for the portion inside Frankfort city limits was granted by the city Board of Zoning Appeals on 2025-04-23, but no development has been announced there.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "long-ferry-road-rowan-county-nc",
    "name": "Long Ferry Road Data Center Campus (Rowan County)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed developer",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6944,
      "lon": -80.3974,
      "county": "Rowan",
      "street": "Long Ferry Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-21",
        "note": "400-acre Long Ferry Road development identified as an active data center project exempt from Rowan County's newly approved one-year moratorium.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salisburypost.com/2026/04/21/roco-passes-data-center-moratorium-over-100-residents-express-data-center-opposition/",
        "label": "RoCo passes data center moratorium, over 100 residents express data center opposition",
        "publisher": "Salisbury Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Developer and end user are not named in the reporting; the parcel was rezoned in fall 2025 to allow data center use. Separate site from the Flexential/Trammell Crow proposal inside Salisbury city limits roughly ten miles away.",
    "landAcres": 400,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 100 residents spoke in support of a county-wide data center moratorium, driven largely by this project. Rowan County commissioners approved a one-year moratorium, but state law exempts active developments, so it does not apply to the Long Ferry site.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "long-ridge-hannibal-power-plant-monroe-oh",
    "name": "Long Ridge Hannibal Power Plant",
    "operator": "Long Ridge Energy LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6603665,
      "lon": -80.869646,
      "city": "Hannibal",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "street": "43840 State Route 7",
      "postalCode": "43931",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 485
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Construction completed 2021.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.longridgeenergy.com/projects",
        "label": "Hannibal Power Plant — Long Ridge Energy projects page",
        "publisher": "Long Ridge Energy LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Single-source (operator's own project page), so confidence is 'reported'. Coordinates are a street-level geocode of the operator-published address. The tracked MARA Hannibal record is the mining tenant on the same campus; this record is the generation asset, not that facility.",
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "GE 7HA.02 combustion turbine. Began blending hydrogen into its fuel in March 2022, described by the operator as the first utility-scale U.S. power plant to do so. Sited on the former Ormet aluminum smelter grounds; co-located with data center / blockchain-mining load on the Long Ridge Energy Terminal campus."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "longview-power-plant-maidsville-monongalia-county-wv",
    "name": "Longview Power Plant",
    "operator": "Mountain State Energy Holdings LLC (acquisition by AEP pending)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.707893,
      "lon": -79.95897,
      "city": "Maidsville",
      "county": "Monongalia",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 700
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-01",
        "note": "Operating coal unit; AEP announced agreements to acquire it, pending regulatory approvals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/aep-to-buy-longview-power-plant/",
        "label": "AEP To Buy Longview Power Plant",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Longview_Plant",
        "label": "Longview Plant — Global Energy Monitor (coordinates, ownership, unit status)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Ownership caution: the plant has passed through multiple bankruptcies and owners since 2011, so pre-2020 sources are authoritative about construction, not current control. Capacity conflict (700 MW vs GEM's \"at least 808 MW\") recorded rather than resolved.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Single supercritical bituminous-coal unit, in service since 2011. West Virginia Public Broadcasting states 700 MW; Global Energy Monitor lists \"at least 808-megawatts (MW)\" for the same unit and a planned 2034 retirement."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "offtaker": "General large-load / data-center-driven demand growth across PJM (no single named customer)",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "The last coal-fired plant built in West Virginia. AEP reached agreements in 2026 to acquire the plant together with the adjacent Mountain State Clean Energy gas development site, expecting to close in Q4 2026 or Q1 2027; reporting frames the deal against electricity demand growth from data centers and AI across the PJM footprint. AEP has stated the acquisitions do not directly affect Kentucky Power, Wheeling Power or Appalachian Power customer rates."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lpi-group-project-midway-casa-grande-az",
    "name": "Project Midway Data Center",
    "operator": "LPI Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.84,
      "lon": -111.79,
      "city": "Casa Grande",
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11-19",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-19",
        "note": "Pinal County Board of Supervisors voted 5-0 to approve the comprehensive plan amendment changing 215 acres from Moderate Low Density Residential to Employment. Rezoning approval is still required before construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://pinalpost.com/supervisors-approve-project-midway-data-center-near-casa-grande/",
        "label": "Project Midway Data Center Approved by Pinal County Supervisors",
        "publisher": "Pinal Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pinalpost.com/data-center-hearing-project-midway-rezoning-set-for-july-16/",
        "label": "Data Center Hearing: Project Midway Rezoning Set for July 16",
        "publisher": "Pinal Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Unincorporated Pinal County at the southwest corner of Selma Highway and Midway Road, roughly two miles south of the Casa Grande city limits but inside its planning area. The applicant projects about 225 permanent jobs at an average salary near $93,000 and $150 million in annual utility spend at full build-out. Reported acreage differs between sources (215 acres in the Pinal Post account, 294 acres in a same-day Pinal Central report); the 215-acre figure matches the comprehensive plan amendment as described. Capacity in MW has not been publicly stated.",
    "investmentUsd": 6600000000,
    "landAcres": 215,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 225,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Hidden Valley residents raised concerns about falling water tables and deeper well drilling, with one resident saying 'There needs to be a cap on the water, if any water is used.' A June 2026 opposition letter from a nearby homeowner linked a well pump burnout to lowered groundwater. The county's staff recommendation carries 21 PAD stipulations responding to resident concerns, including an air-cooled or closed-loop cooling requirement, a landscaped berm and decibel limits with restricted generator-testing hours. The rezoning and PAD cases were postponed at the 16 July 2026 Planning and Zoning Commission hearing.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ls-power-old-ridge-road-hanover-va",
    "name": "Old Ridge Road Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "LS Power",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.859,
      "lon": -77.4536,
      "city": "Doswell",
      "county": "Hanover",
      "street": "10165 Old Ridge Road",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "New York-based LS Power withdrew its zoning request for the Old Ridge Road site in a letter from the developer's attorney to Hanover County; no replacement zoning application had been filed as of late June 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260724010609/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/06/26/one-data-center-project-pulled-and-another-delayed-in-hanover-as-supervisors-reinstitute-equipment-tax/",
        "label": "One data center project pulled and another delayed in Hanover, as supervisors reinstitute equipment tax",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Campus was envisioned as three or four data center buildings on 200 acres near Kings Dominion, per the latest site plan submitted to the county. An LLC tied to LS Power is listed as contract purchaser of the two-parcel assemblage; it is unclear whether the land sale remains pending. LS Power previously owned the Doswell Energy Center gas plant on the other side of Old Ridge Road and sold it to NRG Energy in 2026.",
    "landAcres": 200,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-akron-2-oh",
    "name": "Lumen Akron 2",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0695694,
      "lon": -81.4907582,
      "city": "Akron",
      "county": "Summit",
      "street": "110 S. Arlington St.",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://signalakron.org/where-7-data-centers-operate-in-summit-county-and-why-it-matters/",
        "label": "Where 7 data centers operate in Summit County — and why it matters",
        "publisher": "Signal Akron",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalakron.org/future-data-centers-in-akron-may-face-new-review-process/",
        "label": "Future data centers in Akron may face new review process",
        "publisher": "Signal Akron",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-akron-2",
        "label": "Lumen Akron 2 data center listing",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-akron-2",
        "label": "Lumen Akron 2 data center listing",
        "publisher": "datacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Distinct from lumen-cleveland-1-oh (different city/county). Address and neighborhood (Middlebury/Goodyear Heights) independently confirmed via Signal Akron local journalism and OSM Nominatim geocode, corroborated by three aggregator listings (datacentermap.com, baxtel.com, datacenters.com), which consistently label it 'Akron 2' (legacy Level 3 branding) to distinguish it from a separate, unverified 'Lumen Akron 1' at 520 S. Main St. Building is ~12,000 sqft with ~6,000 sqft raised-floor colocation space; certifications (HIPAA, ISO 27001, PCI DSS, SOC 1/2, SSAE 18) are generic enterprise-colocation marks, not AI/GPU-specific, so no aiClassification is set. No capacity MW disclosed in any source. Akron City Council approved a 2026-07-27 conditional-use review ordinance for new data centers; Signal Akron names this facility explicitly as an existing site unaffected by the ordinance (not retroactive). No operator-primary (assets.lumen.com) page exists for this specific site, unlike Cleveland.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-albany-4-ny",
    "name": "Lumen Albany 4",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.7356308,
      "lon": -73.818665,
      "city": "Albany",
      "county": "Albany",
      "street": "10 Airline Drive",
      "postalCode": "12205",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-albany-4",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12682482760",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12682482760",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "10 Airline Drive, Albany, NY — corroborated via datacentermap/datacenters.com listing distinct from Albany 1/3.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "National Grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-ashburn-va",
    "name": "Lumen Ashburn",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.022182,
      "lon": -77.4576094,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-ashburn",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen Ashburn",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/300162689",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/300162689",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Baxtel-listed 'Lumen Ashburn' facility, built 2016, Data Center Alley; legacy Level3 branding matches OSM 'Level 3 Ashburn'.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-austin-1-tx",
    "name": "Lumen Austin 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.1965,
      "lon": -97.7124025,
      "city": "Austin",
      "county": "Travis",
      "street": "4207 Smith School Road",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/austin/level3-austin1/",
        "label": "Lumen facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/383888101",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/383888101",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via datacentermap.com and datacenters.com: Lumen Austin 1, 4207 Smith School Road, Austin, TX, ~75,474 sqft carrier-neutral colo facility (legacy Level 3/CenturyLink lineage). Lumen's own colocation page confirms Austin as an active market.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-austin-3-tx",
    "name": "Lumen Austin 3",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.261396,
      "lon": -97.7235975,
      "city": "Austin",
      "county": "Travis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-austin-3-500-chicon",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen Austin 3",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/379195054",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/379195054",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "500 Chicon Street / listed variously as ~2916 Montopolis Dr across sources — same Austin 3 facility on datacentermap/baxtel/datacenters.com.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-baltimore-1-md",
    "name": "Lumen Baltimore 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2917592,
      "lon": -76.6204024,
      "city": "Baltimore",
      "county": "Baltimore city",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-baltimore-1",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/11168593074",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/11168593074",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "300 West Lexington Street, Baltimore, MD — legacy Level3 hub, well-documented.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "BGE"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-boston-cambridge-ma",
    "name": "Lumen Boston (300 Bent Street)",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.367691,
      "lon": -71.086779,
      "city": "Cambridge",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "300 Bent Street",
      "postalCode": "02141",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Active PeeringDB facility record maintained under Lumen Technologies Inc at 300 Bent St, Cambridge.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/519",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Lumen Boston, 300 Bent St., Cambridge MA (org: Lumen Technologies Inc)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Marketed as \"Boston\" but sited in Cambridge. Single-source record, hence \"reported\"; no capacity figure is published, so none is recorded.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-cincinnati-1-oh",
    "name": "Lumen Cincinnati 1 (400 Pike Street)",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.1019019,
      "lon": -84.5031833,
      "city": "Cincinnati",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/cincinnati/level3-cincinnati/",
        "label": "DataCenterMap: 400 Pike St, ~7,059 sq ft raised floor, lineage Global Crossing→TW Telecom→Level 3→CenturyLink→Lumen",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-cincinnati-1-400-pike",
        "label": "Baxtel corroborating address/specs for Lumen Cincinnati 1",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/315",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Level(3) Cincinnati (org Lumen Technologies Inc; 400 Pike Street)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Legacy carrier/network colocation site (~7,059 sq ft raised floor) in Cincinnati's CBD/Lytle Park area — a legacy Level 3 facility (Level 3→CenturyLink 2017→Lumen 2020). No MW figure is publicly disclosed, so capacity is omitted. Included for Hamilton County coverage (Cincinnati had zero tracked sites).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-cleveland-1-oh",
    "name": "Lumen Cleveland 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5050658,
      "lon": -81.6577764,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/ohio/cleveland/level3-cleveland1/",
        "label": "Lumen facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/923148801",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/923148801",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed via datacentermap.com, datacenters.com, and Lumen's own asset page (assets.lumen.com/cleveland-oh-data-center) that Lumen operates Cleveland-market data centers; largest/primary site is Cleveland 1 at 4000 Chester Ave, University Circle, 40,000 sqft. OSM candidate was generic 'Lumen Cleveland' without address, mapped to the flagship site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-dallas-1-tx",
    "name": "Lumen Dallas 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8069549,
      "lon": -96.8685888,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "3180 Irving Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "75247",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-dallas-1",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen Dallas 1",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/465032201",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/465032201",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "3180 Irving Blvd, Dallas — 80,000 sqft, 12MW, matches OSM name/address exactly. Capacity removed 2026-08-08: the 12 MW figure appears only in colocation-marketplace directories (Baxtel, datacenters.com, datacentermap), which are the same class of aggregator source this project rejects. Lumen publishes no per-facility MW.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-dallas-6-tx",
    "name": "Lumen Dallas 6",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.827998,
      "lon": -96.8843787,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "1150 Regal Row",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-dallas-6",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen Dallas 6",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/465032484",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/465032484",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "1150 Regal Row, Dallas — distinct facility from Dallas 1 (3180 Irving Blvd), confirmed via baxtel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-madison-1-wi",
    "name": "Lumen Madison 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0677161,
      "lon": -89.3922794,
      "city": "Madison",
      "county": "Dane",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-madison-1",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen Madison 1",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/13226718075",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/13226718075",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "612 W Main St, Madison — confirmed on datacentermap and baxtel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-mclean-1-va",
    "name": "Lumen McLean 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9208538,
      "lon": -77.2115713,
      "city": "McLean",
      "county": "Fairfax",
      "street": "1755 Old Meadow Road",
      "postalCode": "22102",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-mclean-1",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/9669639033",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/9669639033",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "1755 Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA. Corroborated via datacenters.com/baxtel/datacentermap (Lumen legacy Level3 McLean1).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-minneapolis-3-mn",
    "name": "Lumen Minneapolis 3",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.9887662,
      "lon": -93.2766103,
      "city": "Minneapolis",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-minneapolis-3-2",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/343333944",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/343333944",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "715 N 2nd Street, Minneapolis — confirmed on datacentermap/datacenters.com/upstack.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Xcel Energy"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-nashville-sidco-drive-tn",
    "name": "Lumen Nashville (Sidco Drive) — Level(3)",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.102726,
      "lon": -86.755786,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "street": "2992 Sidco Drive",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Carrier facility listed as active in PeeringDB under Lumen Technologies Inc.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=311",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 311 — Level(3) Nashville (Sidco Drive), Lumen Technologies Inc, 2992 Sidco Drive",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Single-source record. Postal code omitted: PeeringDB carries 37201 for this address while a geocode of the street resolves to 37204, and the discrepancy was not resolved on any page retrieved.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-new-orleans-1-la",
    "name": "Lumen New Orleans 1 (639 Loyola)",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.9489047,
      "lon": -90.0768165,
      "city": "New Orleans",
      "county": "Orleans",
      "street": "639 Loyola Avenue",
      "postalCode": "70113",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-new-orleans-1",
        "label": "Lumen New Orleans 1 data center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/new-orleans",
        "label": "New Orleans data centers and colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=639+Loyola+Avenue%2C+New+Orleans%2C+LA&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim geocode for 639 Loyola Avenue, New Orleans (Entergy Tower)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Carrier facility in the Entergy Tower at 639 Loyola Avenue, roughly 0.2 km from the tracked Cogent 650 Poydras site and 0.5 km from Fogo New Orleans - a different building and a different operator. Neither power nor floor area is published; no capacity is asserted here. Lumen also lists New Orleans 2, Metairie 1 and Baton Rouge 2 sites that I could not address-resolve this session.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-norristown-pa",
    "name": "Lumen Norristown",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.127067,
      "lon": -75.4086586,
      "city": "Norristown",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-norristown",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen Norristown",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/366049843",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/366049843",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Baxtel-listed as an operational Lumen facility; exact street address not surfaced but facility existence and operator confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PECO"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-ogden-ut",
    "name": "Lumen Ogden 1",
    "operator": "Lumen",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.223,
      "lon": -111.97384,
      "city": "Ogden",
      "county": "Weber",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ogdencity.gov/1216/RDA-Projects",
        "label": "Ogden City RDA — the nine active project areas with their terms; none references 526 W 17th Street or Lumen",
        "publisher": "Ogden City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. Ogden City RDA's nine active project areas (CBD Mall, Ogden River, East Washington, Trackline, Kiesel, Adams, Continental, Flagship, Airport) carry no mention of the 526 W 17th Street facility or of Lumen in their published descriptions, board minutes, or bond packets; the only named tax-increment recipient found in RDA search results is Williams International, unrelated to this site. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-oklahoma-city-1-ok",
    "name": "Lumen Oklahoma City 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.46994,
      "lon": -97.516522,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "201 Robert S Kerr Avenue",
      "postalCode": "73102",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an existing, operating Oklahoma City data center in News on 6's statewide inventory.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (statewide inventory)",
        "publisher": "News on 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/201-robert-s-kerr-avenue-oklahoma-city",
        "label": "201 Robert S Kerr Avenue, Oklahoma City — data center building listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=201+Robert+S+Kerr+Ave%2C+Oklahoma+City%2C+OK+73102&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for 201 Robert S Kerr Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73102",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier colocation site in downtown Oklahoma City, in the same building as FullTel Communications' OKC01. Formerly a Level 3 facility. Coordinates are a street-address geocode, not a parcel-confirmed footprint. No capacity or square-footage figure is recorded here — the figures in circulation come from directory aggregators that were not readable this session.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-phoenix-1-az",
    "name": "Lumen Phoenix 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.494309,
      "lon": -112.0707916,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "215 East Indian School Road",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-phoenix-1",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/151179323",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/151179323",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "OSM name was generic 'Lumen'; resolved to Phoenix 1 (811 S 16th St), the flagship legacy Level3 facility, as best match given single unnamed candidate in this city.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-salt-lake-city-ut",
    "name": "Lumen Salt Lake City Sites (Salt Lake 1, 2 and 4)",
    "operator": "Lumen",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.75962,
      "lon": -111.8868,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site",
      "multiSite": {
        "states": [
          "UT"
        ],
        "siteCountNote": "Aggregates three physically distinct Lumen facilities in the Salt Lake City area — Salt Lake 1 (572 South Delong), Salt Lake 2 (5035 Harold Gatty Drive, near the airport) and Salt Lake 4 (address unresolved). The listed coordinates are an illustrative city-area point, not any one building."
      }
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-salt-lake-1",
        "label": "Lumen Salt Lake 1 — 572 South Delong, Salt Lake City; one of three distinct facilities aggregated by this record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-salt-lake-2",
        "label": "Lumen Salt Lake 2 — 5035 Harold Gatty Drive, Salt Lake City; one of three distinct facilities aggregated by this record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cra.slc.gov/project-areas/",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City — the eight active project areas; none names Lumen or its predecessor entities",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal/operator level (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. The Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City's FY2016 annual report and Salt Lake City Council District 2's public summary of its CRA project areas name no beneficiary matching Lumen (or its predecessor entities CenturyLink/Level 3/Qwest). Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing. Note this record aggregates three physically distinct Lumen facilities (Salt Lake 1, 2 and 4) at different addresses across the city, so no single site-level check applies to all three; a fuller Good Jobs First Subsidy Tracker check for Lumen Technologies as a national parent company was attempted but blocked (HTTP 403) and remains unresolved.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-san-antonio-2-tx",
    "name": "Lumen San Antonio 2",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.4382791,
      "lon": -98.5065217,
      "city": "San Antonio",
      "county": "Bexar",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-san-antonio-2",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Lumen San Antonio 2",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/319857331",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/319857331",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "1203 North Frio Street, San Antonio — baxtel-listed distinct from San Antonio 1/3.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-santa-clara-1-ca",
    "name": "Lumen Santa Clara 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3770332,
      "lon": -121.952059,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "3045 Raymond Street",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-santa-clara-1",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/209073635",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/209073635",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "3045 Raymond Street, Santa Clara — named 'Lumen Santa Clara' in OSM matches SC1.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-spokane-wa",
    "name": "Lumen Spokane",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6542257,
      "lon": -117.4200007,
      "city": "Spokane",
      "county": "Spokane",
      "street": "501 West 2nd Avenue",
      "postalCode": "99201",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/providers/lumen/data-center-locations",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/444683815",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/444683815",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "501 W 2nd Ave, Spokane, WA — legacy CenturyLink/Lumen facility; primary specific facility page not located, corroborated via aggregate directory + CenturyLinkCloud PublicKB location list.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Modern Electric Water Company"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-sunnyvale-1-ca",
    "name": "Lumen Sunnyvale 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3734695,
      "lon": -121.9878002,
      "city": "Sunnyvale",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1380 Kifer Road",
      "postalCode": "94086",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/lumen-sunnyvale-1",
        "label": "Lumen Technologies facility directory",
        "publisher": "Lumen Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/37877544",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/37877544",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "1380 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale — 197,100 sqft, 6MW, legacy Level3 Sunnyvale.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-tulsa-1-ok",
    "name": "Lumen Tulsa 1",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1571337,
      "lon": -95.993394,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "18 W Archer St",
      "postalCode": "74103",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an existing, operating Tulsa data center in News on 6's statewide inventory.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (statewide inventory)",
        "publisher": "News on 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/18-west-archer-street-tulsa/lumen/datacenter/level-3-tulsa",
        "label": "Lumen Tulsa — 18 West Archer Street, Tulsa, OK 74103",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=18+W+Archer+St%2C+Tulsa%2C+OK+74103&format=json&limit=3&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for 18 W Archer St, Tulsa, OK 74103",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier colocation site in downtown Tulsa (formerly Level 3 Tulsa 1), with direct interconnection to OneNet and the Great Plains Network. Distinct from the tracked TierPoint Tulsa - Archer facility at 322 E Archer St. Coordinates are a street-address geocode, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumen-weehawken-1-nj",
    "name": "Lumen Weehawken 1 Data Center",
    "operator": "Lumen Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7714,
      "lon": -74.0194,
      "city": "Weehawken",
      "county": "Hudson",
      "street": "300 Boulevard East",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/lumen-weehawken-1",
        "label": "Lumen Weehawken 1 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/investing/savvis-opens-new-nj2x-financial-trading-hub",
        "label": "Savvis Opens New NJ2X Financial Trading Hub",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Financial-services colocation site on the Hudson River waterfront; per Baxtel, Lumen Technologies operates but does not own the building. Originally built out by Savvis as its 'NJ2' financial-trading complex, with a 22,000 sq ft 'NJ2X' expansion (about $23M invested) opened June 2010 offering sub-64-microsecond proximity hosting to exchange clients and hedge funds (per Data Center Knowledge); the site later passed through CenturyLink to Lumen. Coordinates are the Weehawken township centroid (Wikipedia), not a confirmed parcel geocode for 300 Boulevard East specifically — marked approximate. Coordinate provenance (checked 2026-09-12): unresolved between two weak candidates ~1.2 km apart, both inside Weehawken — the US Census geocoder returns no match for 300 Boulevard East, and the only OpenStreetMap feature with that address is a parking amenity in Lincoln Harbor rather than a building. Pin left as supplied; treat as neighbourhood-level.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lumon-solutions-marshfield-mo",
    "name": "Marshfield Data Center (Lumon Solutions)",
    "operator": "Lumon Solutions Marshfield, LLC",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.36,
      "lon": -92.905,
      "city": "Marshfield",
      "county": "Webster",
      "street": "Rifle Range Road, north of Marshfield",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://webstercountymo.gov/commission-data-center-update-may-21/",
        "label": "Commission – Data Center Update – May 21",
        "publisher": "Webster County, MO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.protectwebstercounty.com/the-project",
        "label": "The Marshfield Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "Protect Webster County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Lumon Solutions Marshfield, LLC (formed October 2025) is developing a 5-acre, Tier III, AI-ready facility described as eight modular units on land owned by ARY Investments LLC; building-size figures differ between the county (~14,000 sq ft) and the developer (~7,000 sq ft). Webster County has no planning-and-zoning ordinance, limiting county jurisdiction. Site preparation began without public notice, prompting community opposition and discussion of a possible county moratorium. Developer claims on water/power/noise impact are not independently verified.",
    "landAcres": 5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "lunavi-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "Lunavi Cheyenne Data Center",
    "operator": "Lunavi",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.11,
      "lon": -104.78,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "street": "340 Progress Circle",
      "postalCode": "82007",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 8,
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Operating colocation facility marketed by Lunavi at 340 Progress Circle with 800 available cabinets.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lunavi.com/data-centers/cheyenne",
        "label": "Lunavi Cheyenne Data Center",
        "publisher": "Lunavi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1547realty.com/data-center/cheyenne-wy-chwy1/",
        "label": "Cheyenne WY | CHWY1",
        "publisher": "Fifteenfortyseven Critical Systems Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/02-2026062202-02_WBCMaterials.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council Programs & Services (Data Center Sales Tax Exemption Eligibility Certification recipient list)",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Colocation facility at 340 Progress Circle, Cheyenne. 5 MW available with stated ability to expand to 8 MW; critical IT load 4 MW; average PUE 1.17, low 1.05. Formerly Green House Data. Ownership caveat: Fifteenfortyseven Critical Systems Realty markets a Cheyenne facility (CHWY1) with a matching 42,000 sq ft building and ~5 MW on-site, so the same building may be owned by 1547 and operated/marketed by Lunavi; only one record is held here to avoid a duplicate, with Lunavi named as operator on the strength of its own current first-party listing. No subsidy is recorded: the Wyoming Business Council materials describe Lunavi as a driver of the exemption's co-location amendments, not as a certified recipient. Coordinates approximate the street address.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Custom indirect evaporative cooling units using filtered outside air rather than traditional air conditioning; N+2 cooling at 1.2 MW."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.17,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "maguire-hayden-harrington-de",
    "name": "Harrington Data Center Proposal (Maguire Hayden)",
    "operator": "Maguire Hayden",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9237244,
      "lon": -75.5777033,
      "city": "Harrington",
      "county": "Kent",
      "state": "DE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Maguire Hayden proposed a 24 MW data center at the site of a former cold-storage warehouse in Harrington, DE, with a community-benefits package described as 'contributions totaling $1 million.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Harrington City Council voted unanimously to reject the zoning change needed for the project; per Spotlight Delaware the vote 'prompted cheers and a standing ovation' from residents opposed to the project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spotlightdelaware.org/2026/08/19/harrington-denies-data-center-proposal-despite-a-1-million-offer/",
        "label": "Harrington denies data center proposal despite a $1 million offer",
        "publisher": "Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "No street address given beyond 'the site of a former cold storage warehouse' in Harrington, DE; location pin is Harrington's OSM place centroid (approximate). Article was published 2026-08-19 and refers to a council vote 'Monday' with no explicit calendar date, so statusHistory entries are dated to month-precision (2026-08) only. A separate, still-unidentified 100 MW project appears in Delmarva Power's internal 'Kent County' project list per a 2026-09 Technical.ly FOIA report; that report states press coverage could not confirm whether it is the same project as this one. Treated here as a distinct, unconfirmed lead and NOT merged into this record given the capacity mismatch (24 MW here vs. 100 MW in Delmarva's list) — flagged in the wave summary rather than fabricated into its own record for lack of any name or location.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Council vote was unanimous against the project despite a proposed $1M community-benefits package; press described the rejection as met with 'cheers and a standing ovation' from residents in attendance.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "managedway-tym1-troy-mi",
    "name": "ManagedWay TYM1 (319 Executive Drive)",
    "operator": "ManagedWay Company",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.537158,
      "lon": -83.099861,
      "city": "Troy",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "319 Executive Dr",
      "postalCode": "48083",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://managedway.com/colocation-facilities",
        "label": "ManagedWay: Server colocation in Troy, Michigan — \"2 facilities\", \"600 and 319 Executive Drive, Troy, Michigan\"",
        "publisher": "ManagedWay",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"ManagedWay TYM1\", 319 Executive Dr, Troy 48083",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "One of exactly two data centers ManagedWay says it operates, both in Troy. Square-footage and MW figures circulate on third-party listing sites but do not appear on any page fetched here, so no capacity is asserted. Coordinates are the operator-registered PeeringDB building pin.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "managedway-tym2-troy-mi",
    "name": "ManagedWay TYM2 (600 Executive Drive)",
    "operator": "ManagedWay Company",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.540615,
      "lon": -83.098459,
      "city": "Troy",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "600 Executive Dr",
      "postalCode": "48083",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://managedway.com/colocation-facilities",
        "label": "ManagedWay: Server colocation in Troy, Michigan — \"2 facilities\", \"600 and 319 Executive Drive, Troy, Michigan\"",
        "publisher": "ManagedWay",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"ManagedWay TYM2\", 600 Executive, Troy 48083",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Second of ManagedWay's two Troy facilities. No capacity asserted — the operator publishes only a per-rack figure (\"30kW+\") and directs facility specifics to NDA. Coordinates are the operator-registered PeeringDB building pin.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "manse-technology-campus-pahrump-nv",
    "name": "Manse Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Manse Technology Campus LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1925194,
      "lon": -115.9758446,
      "city": "Pahrump",
      "county": "Nye",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-25",
        "note": "Manse Technology Campus LLC, incorporated July 15, 2026, held a community Q&A at the Nye County Commission chambers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://mansetechcampus.com/about",
        "label": "About the Project - Manse Technology Campus (capital investment, taxes, jobs, water)",
        "publisher": "Manse Technology Campus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pvc.news/understanding-the-proposed-pahrump-data-center-a-closer-look-at-the-proposal/",
        "label": "Understanding the proposed Pahrump data center: a closer look at the proposal",
        "publisher": "Pahrump Valley Community News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mansetechcampus.com/",
        "label": "Manse Technology Campus - project overview (developer site), Manse Road corridor, Pahrump, Nye County",
        "publisher": "Manse Technology Campus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kiowacountypress.net/content/nevada-county-totally-bans-data-centers-over-appropriated-water-basin",
        "label": "Nevada county totally bans data centers in over-appropriated water basin (Nevada Current syndication)",
        "publisher": "Kiowa County Press / Nevada Current",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pvtimes.com/news/data-centers-banned-in-pahrump-189671/",
        "label": "Pahrump data center ban passes unanimously - Nye County Bill No. 2026-11, adopted 5-0 on Aug. 18, 2026",
        "publisher": "Pahrump Valley Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Formerly referred to as Project Blackjack; sited on the Manse Road corridor near the southern entrance to Pahrump along Highway 160, roughly 1,100 feet from the nearest homes. Developer states $18.4 billion of capital investment at full buildout and $114 million in annual Nye County property taxes; a separate figure of $8.4 billion appeared in other reporting and was not resolved this session, so the developer's own $18.4B is recorded. Design features include screening berms, rooftop parapets for sound reduction and a target of roughly 55 dB at the property line. No megawatt capacity has been disclosed. Construction is anticipated to begin in 2027 with a five-year buildout, pending approvals that the county moratorium currently blocks.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Developer states water consumption of less than 300 acre-feet annually. Nye County's water district approved an emergency ban on new data centers in Pahrump's water basin to preserve groundwater."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 18400000000,
    "landAcres": 900,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1600,
      "permanent": 380,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents packed a July 2026 Nye County town hall and a subsequent county forum to object; a public petition opposing the project is circulating. Nye County adopted a moratorium on data center applications in June 2026 and a ban in water basin 162 on August 18, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "mapletree-riverwood-pewaukee-wi",
    "name": "N15W24250 Riverwood Drive Data Centre (Pewaukee)",
    "operator": "Mapletree Redwood Data Centre Trust",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.052836,
      "lon": -88.2304946,
      "city": "Pewaukee",
      "county": "Waukesha",
      "street": "N15 W24250 Riverwood Drive",
      "postalCode": "53188",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/mapletree-n15-w24250-riverwood",
        "label": "Mapletree: N15 W24250 Riverwood Data Center — ownership history and status",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/wisconsin",
        "label": "Wisconsin Data Centers & Colocation (lists N15 W24250 Riverwood at 142,952 sq ft, ~40,000 sq ft gross)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=N15W24250+Riverwood+Drive%2C+Pewaukee%2C+WI+53188&format=json&limit=1&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of N15W24250 Riverwood Drive, Riverwood Corporate Center, City of Pewaukee (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Two-storey data centre in the Riverwood Corporate Center, 142,952 sq ft total with roughly 40,000 sq ft of gross data centre area, completed 1985 and described as fully operational. Ownership chain: AT&T sold to Carter Validus Mission Critical REIT for $51.8 million in 2013 (with a 10-year AT&T leaseback); Hudson DC Assets LLC acquired it in 2017; Mapletree acquired it in 2020. Baxtel's MW figure is paywalled on the facility page, so no capacity is recorded. Both substantive sources are the same publisher, hence \"reported\".",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-findlay-oh",
    "name": "MARA Findlay Data Center",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0442,
      "lon": -83.6499,
      "city": "Findlay",
      "county": "Hancock",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150,
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Part of MARA's combined 372MW Ohio buildout (Findlay + Hannibal + Hopedale) targeted for full energization by end of 2025; Findlay is the only piece of that trio not already tracked.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.mara.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1375/mara-adds-372-megawatts-of-capacity-in-ohio-with-152-megawatts-operational-and-220-megawatts-in-development",
        "label": "MARA Adds 372 Megawatts of Capacity in Ohio, with 152 Megawatts Operational and 220 Megawatts in Development",
        "publisher": "MARA Holdings IR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/11/11/2978305/0/en/MARA-Adds-372-Megawatts-of-Capacity-in-Ohio-with-152-Megawatts-Operational-and-220-Megawatts-in-Development.html",
        "label": "MARA Adds 372 Megawatts of Capacity in Ohio (mirror)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/mara-findlay-ohio",
        "label": "MARA: Findlay, Ohio Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Press release notes 'much of the future capacity is alongside operating generation' (co-location with a power plant implied) but does not specify the generation type for Findlay specifically."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-flared-gas-fleet-tx-nd",
    "name": "MARA Flared/Stranded-Gas Mining Fleet (TX + ND)",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.87,
      "lon": -102.37,
      "city": "Midland/Odessa area (representative)",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "representative_multi_site",
      "multiSite": {
        "states": [
          "TX",
          "ND"
        ],
        "siteCountNote": "Undisclosed number of modular, wellhead-sited gas-to-power units across Texas and North Dakota; equipment is relocated between wellheads as gas-flaring opportunities shift, so no fixed site count or per-site coordinates are publicly disclosed. The pin above is an illustrative point in the West Texas Permian Basin (where the program began), not a physical facility location."
      }
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 25
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site flared/stranded natural gas at oil & gas wellheads (not grid-connected)",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "MARA launches a 25 MW flared/stranded-gas mining pilot in Texas.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Program described as \"fully energized\" at 25 MW aggregate, now spanning wellhead sites in both Texas and North Dakota.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.mara.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1394/mara-announces-bitcoin-production-and-mining-operation-updates-for-april-2025",
        "label": "MARA Announces Bitcoin Production and Mining Operation Updates for April 2025",
        "publisher": "MARA Holdings (Investor Relations)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://k33.com/research/archive/articles/bitcoin-mining-using-stranded-natural-gas-is-the-most-cost-effective-way-to",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mining Using Stranded Natural Gas Is the Most Cost-Effective Way to Reduce Emissions",
        "publisher": "K33 Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "Represented here as a single aggregate record rather than N per-site entries: MARA discloses this program only in aggregate (25 MW total across Texas + North Dakota wellheads), with no per-site count, capacity breakdown, or coordinates published — consistent with a genuinely mobile/modular operating model (containerized generators moved between wellheads as flaring economics shift at individual wells), not merely underreported. Most recent confirmed figure is from MARA's June 2025 operational update; no 2026 update was found. This is the first record using the schema's location.precision: \"representative_multi_site\" construct, built for exactly this case — other operators running a similar distributed flared-gas-at-wellhead model include Upstream Data, Giga Energy, and EZ Blockchain (not separately catalogued here). No sourced critical/counter-framing on flared-gas mining (e.g. that it incentivizes continued drilling) was found in this research pass — flagged as a gap, not an absence of the argument in wider discourse.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Captures gas that would otherwise be flared/vented at oil & gas wellheads and combusts it in generators to power mining hardware — framed by MARA as reducing methane venting (methane → CO2 combustion swap), not as a zero-emissions source."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "flared_gas"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-granbury-hood-tx",
    "name": "MARA Granbury Facility",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4427,
      "lon": -97.7871,
      "city": "Granbury",
      "county": "Hood",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "MARA acquired the operational ~300 MW Granbury site (GC Data Center Acquisition, Jan 12 2024) and converted much of it to liquid immersion cooling.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1507605/000150760526000007/mara-20251231.htm",
        "label": "MARA Holdings FY2025 Form 10-K — Operations, GC Data Center Acquisition (Granbury, TX and Kearney, NE)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/marathon-digital-granbury-tx",
        "label": "Marathon Digital / MARA Granbury, TX data center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/10/09/texas-hood-county-crypto-noise-incorporate-city/",
        "label": "Noise from crypto mine pushes Texas neighbors to start a town (MARA Granbury, Hood County)",
        "publisher": "The Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "~300 MW containerized liquid-immersion bitcoin mining site adjacent to the Wolf Hollow II gas plant SW of Granbury, Hood County — one of the largest immersion-cooled mining sites worldwide. Acquired by MARA via the GC Data Center Acquisition (closed Jan 12 2024; the site previously passed from Compute North to Generate Capital). Coordinates are Granbury-area approximate (facility is at the Wolf Hollow II plant SW of town) pending a parcel-level GIS lookup.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Sited adjacent to the Wolf Hollow II combined-cycle gas plant SW of Granbury; grid / behind-the-meter power."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Active community opposition in Hood County: neighbors filed private-nuisance lawsuits over noise, vibration, and low-frequency sound emissions (2024-2025), and residents moved to incorporate a new town to gain regulatory authority. Widely covered (Time, Texas Tribune, Inside Climate News).",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "immersion"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-hannibal-monroe-oh",
    "name": "MARA Hannibal Data Center",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6675,
      "lon": -80.8721,
      "city": "Hannibal",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "MARA acquired the operational Hannibal, OH data center from Arkon Energy (Nov 5 2024; 222 MW interconnect-approved combined with Hopedale).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1507605/000150760526000007/mara-20251231.htm",
        "label": "MARA Holdings FY2025 Form 10-K — Operations, Arkon Acquisition (Hannibal and Hopedale, Ohio)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ir.mara.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1375/mara-adds-372-megawatts-of-capacity-in-ohio-with-152-megawatts-operational-and-220-megawatts-in-development",
        "label": "MARA Adds 372 MW of Capacity in Ohio (Hannibal / Hopedale)",
        "publisher": "MARA Holdings (IR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Operational data center in Hannibal (Ohio Township), Monroe County, OH, on the Ohio River. Acquired by MARA on Nov 5 2024 from Arkon Energy (with the Hopedale site) — the two carried 222 MW of interconnect-approved capacity combined; individual site capacity not separately disclosed, so capacityMw is omitted. Distinct from the nearby Bitdeer Clarington campus (also Monroe County). Coordinates are Hannibal-village approximate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-hopedale-harrison-oh",
    "name": "MARA Hopedale Data Center",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.3253,
      "lon": -80.9012,
      "city": "Hopedale",
      "county": "Harrison",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "MARA acquired the operational Hopedale, OH data center from Arkon Energy (Nov 5 2024; 222 MW interconnect-approved combined with Hannibal).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1507605/000150760526000007/mara-20251231.htm",
        "label": "MARA Holdings FY2025 Form 10-K — Operations, Arkon Acquisition (Hannibal and Hopedale, Ohio)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ir.mara.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1375/mara-adds-372-megawatts-of-capacity-in-ohio-with-152-megawatts-operational-and-220-megawatts-in-development",
        "label": "MARA Adds 372 MW of Capacity in Ohio (Hannibal / Hopedale)",
        "publisher": "MARA Holdings (IR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Operational data center in Hopedale, Harrison County, OH. Acquired by MARA on Nov 5 2024 from Arkon Energy (with the Hannibal site) — 222 MW interconnect-approved combined; individual capacity not separately disclosed, so capacityMw is omitted. Coordinates are Hopedale-village approximate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-kearney-buffalo-ne",
    "name": "MARA Kearney Facility",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.728341,
      "lon": -99.045806,
      "city": "Kearney",
      "county": "Buffalo",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "MARA acquired the operational Kearney, NE bitcoin mining site (GC Data Center Acquisition, Jan 12 2024).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1507605/000150760526000007/mara-20251231.htm",
        "label": "MARA Holdings FY2025 Form 10-K — Operations, GC Data Center Acquisition (Granbury, TX and Kearney, NE)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/mara-holdings",
        "label": "MARA Holdings data centers portfolio",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/compute-north-announces-nebraska-colocation-center-for-bitcoin-mining",
        "label": "Compute North announces Nebraska colocation center for bitcoin mining",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Operational bitcoin mining site in Kearney, Buffalo County, NE. Acquired by MARA in the GC Data Center Acquisition (closed Jan 12 2024) alongside the Granbury, TX site — the two totaled ~390 MW of nameplate capacity combined; the individual Kearney capacity is not separately disclosed by MARA. Coordinates are Kearney-area approximate. Site power capacity (100 MW) is sourced to the facility's original announcement by its prior operator, Compute North; MARA subsequently acquired the site, and no post-acquisition capacity figure has been published.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "mara-site-mat-1177-matagorda-tx",
    "name": "Site MAT 1177",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.95,
      "lon": -95.97,
      "city": "",
      "county": "Matagorda",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Grid capacity milestones Oct 2027 / Apr 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/MARA/mara-signs-agreement-with-hif-to-acquire-strategic-powered-land-site-nqvuby8e4d46.html",
        "label": "MARA signs agreement with HIF to acquire strategic powered land site",
        "publisher": "StockTitan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cryptobriefing.com/marathon-digital-holdings-600m-texas-ai-bitcoin-campus/",
        "label": "Marathon Digital Holdings $600M Texas AI-bitcoin campus",
        "publisher": "Crypto Briefing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~1,200 acres approximately 90 miles SW of Houston; up to 2,000MW long-term. Coordinates are a COUNTY-CENTROID approximation — exact city undisclosed.",
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "landAcres": 1200,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "marathon-digital-garden-city-tx",
    "name": "Marathon Digital Garden City Facility",
    "operator": "MARA Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.8724,
      "lon": -101.4849,
      "city": "Garden City",
      "county": "Glasscock",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/89/applied-digital-announces-agreement-to-sell-garden-city",
        "label": "Applied Digital Announces Agreement to Sell Garden City",
        "publisher": "Applied Digital Investor Relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/applied-digital-announces-agreement-sell-120000361.html",
        "label": "Applied Digital Announces Agreement to Sell Garden City Facility to Marathon Digital",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theminermag.com/news/2024-03-15/marathon-bitcoin-mining-applied-digital-garden-city-acquire",
        "label": "Marathon to acquire Applied Digital's Garden City bitcoin mining site",
        "publisher": "The Miner Mag",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "Acquisition from Applied Digital announced March 15, 2024, closed April 2, 2024, for $87.3M. Facility is sited adjacent to a wind farm; power arrangement is predominantly renewable, behind-the-meter. Coordinates are Garden City, TX city-center (not facility-exact).",
    "investmentUsd": 87300000,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "markley-boston-summer-street-ma",
    "name": "Markley Group Boston (One Summer Street / BOSIX)",
    "operator": "Markley Group",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3545151,
      "lon": -71.0595422,
      "city": "Boston",
      "county": "Suffolk",
      "street": "1 Summer Street",
      "postalCode": "02110",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1999",
        "note": "Built late 1990s",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/massachusetts/boston/one-summer-st/",
        "label": "One Summer St, Boston",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2025/05/20/business/macys-closing-stores-downtown-boston-data-center/",
        "label": "Macy's closing stores in downtown Boston data center building",
        "publisher": "The Boston Globe",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/04/06/data-centers-ai-massachusetts-pollution-pushback",
        "label": "Data centers, AI, and Massachusetts pollution pushback",
        "publisher": "WBUR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/219",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Markley Group One Summer Street Boston, 1 Summer Street, Boston MA 02110",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Markley's original flagship facility (1 Summer St, atop former Macy's), 920,000 sq ft, largest commercial internet exchange point (BOSIX) in New England. Distinct facility from the separately-tracked Markley Lowell (One Lowell Data Center) site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "markley-lowell-ma",
    "name": "Markley Group One Lowell Data Center",
    "operator": "Markley Group",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6334,
      "lon": -71.3162,
      "city": "Lowell",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid; 27 on-site diesel backup generators",
    "announcedDate": "2015-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2016-01",
        "note": "Markley Group One Lowell data center opens on site of former Prince Spaghetti factory; 352,000 sq ft, largest data center in Massachusetts",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Massachusetts DEP approves air permit for 8 additional diesel generators (27 total); residents appeal permit",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Lowell City Council passes one-year moratorium on data center construction and expansion; residents file first Massachusetts data center lawsuit",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2026/05/07/lowell-residents-file-massachusetts-first-lawsuit-against-a-data-center/",
        "label": "Lowell Residents File Massachusetts' First Lawsuit Against a Data Center",
        "publisher": "Boston.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2026/5/5/ai-data-center-lowell-water/",
        "label": "Lessons From Lowell: How a Data Center's Expansion Has Choked a Small Town",
        "publisher": "The Harvard Crimson",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/inside-lowell-markley-data-center/",
        "label": "Take a rare look inside the largest data center in Massachusetts",
        "publisher": "CBS Boston",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://working-mass.com/2026/06/10/the-dungeon-over-lowell-how-the-data-center-boom-has-divided-one-citys-working-people/",
        "label": "The Dungeon Over Lowell: How the Data Center Boom Divided One City's Working People",
        "publisher": "Working Mass",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate city centroid (Sacred Heart/Back Central neighborhoods, Lowell). Facility serves 100+ customers including hospitals, universities, and police departments. Expansion includes land purchases by Markley near old power plant. Expansion plans stalled by moratorium. AI demand cited as driver of expansion since 2022. Delivered permanent-job counts are disputed - the abatement promised 100 jobs; the city and critics count ~26-30 full-time local workers while Markley cites ~100 total, with construction peaking ~120 (IBEW Local 103); recorded as unresolved (honest-zero). No confirmed total capital-investment figure is public ('hundreds of millions'). Massachusetts' 2024 sales-tax exemption is statutory eligibility, not a confirmed Markley award.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "27 diesel generators (expanded from 7 original; 8 added in 2025 via DEP air permit); 16 cooling towers. Expansion moratorium passed by Lowell City Council April 2026."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.12,
      "notes": "16 evaporative cooling towers, Merrimack River-sourced. Markley self-reports daily use of 60,000-120,000 gallons (0.06-0.12 MGD), peaking ~118,000 gpd in summer, corroborated by WBZ-TV water-bill records - far below hyperscale AI campuses."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Lowell 20-year property & personal-property tax abatement (~$77M in foregone city taxes over 20 yrs; ~$12M net to the city)",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Lowell, MA",
        "year": "2015",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Massachusetts' first data center lawsuit filed April 27, 2026 in Middlesex County Superior Court by Honest Future for Lowell (10 plaintiffs) represented by Yale Law School Environmental Justice Clinic, Fitch Law Partners, and Conservation Law Foundation. Plaintiffs allege unlawful permitting; facility sits 84 feet from closest diesel engine to residential properties. Sacred Heart and Back Central neighborhoods are designated environmental justice communities. One-year moratorium on expansion passed by Lowell City Council.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "martin-data-center-santa-clara-ca",
    "name": "Martin Data Center",
    "operator": "Martin Avenue Properties, LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3663437,
      "lon": -121.945885,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "651 Martin Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95050",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2022-11-17",
        "note": "Small Power Plant Exemption application filed for the Martin Backup Generating Facility; CEC status is Exempted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/martin-backup-generating-facility-mbgf",
        "label": "Martin Backup Generating Facility (22-SPPE-03)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=651%20Martin%20Avenue%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 651 Martin Avenue, Santa Clara, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Single-source on the substance (the CEC project page), hence confidence \"reported\". The owner of record is a single-purpose LLC; no ultimate operator is asserted because none was confirmed in a fetched source. Building square footage and data-hall count circulated in secondary summaries are deliberately omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 96,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 22-SPPE-03: 44 diesel-fired generators rated 2.75 MW each — 40 to replace the data center's utility supply on loss of power and 4 to support redundant critical cooling and building/life-safety loads."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mason-columbia-road-data-center-mi",
    "name": "Mason / Vevay Township Data Center (unnamed developer)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed developer (represented by Dykema Gossett PLLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.582234294066,
      "lon": -84.479676261494,
      "city": "Mason",
      "county": "Ingham",
      "street": "3388 W. Columbia Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wilx.com/2026/06/03/data-center-developer-requests-mason-utilities-promises-1b-investment/",
        "label": "Data center developer requests Mason utilities, promises $1B investment",
        "publisher": "WILX News 10",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baldorilaw.com/resources/michigan-data-center-tracker",
        "label": "Michigan Data Center Tracker (updated June 2026)",
        "publisher": "Baldori Law",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Hyperscale proposal on roughly 400 acres of farmland at 3388 W. Columbia Road, currently in Vevay Township and the subject of an annexation petition to the City of Mason. Operator/end user is deliberately recorded as undisclosed: neither the developer nor the eventual tenant has been publicly identified — an attorney at Dykema Gossett PLLC notified city officials in February 2026 on behalf of an unnamed client. Investment: WILX quotes the city manager on a 'minimum investment of a billion dollars' (recorded here); the Baldori Law tracker separately states a 'minimum $500 million taxable investment' — these are different measures (total investment vs taxable base) and the divergence is recorded rather than reconciled. Expected tax capture reported at $7.6 million annually. NO megawatt capacity, water figure, or job count is stated in either source, so those fields are omitted. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder for the address in the utility request; parcel boundary not confirmed.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 400,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Tax-sharing negotiations between Vevay Township and the City of Mason broke down, with township officials rejecting an offer reported at at least $1 million per year for 30 years; landowners then moved to petition the Michigan State Boundary Commission to annex the site into the city. A residents' campaign site (masondatacenterfacts.org) and a reported recall effort against the mayor and a council member were surfaced in search results but were NOT fetched in this run, so they are not cited here.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mason-county-hyperscale-campus-maysville-ky",
    "name": "Mason County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (Fortune 100 end user; rezoning sought through Mason County officials)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6856147,
      "lon": -83.8517119,
      "city": "Maysville",
      "county": "Mason",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-22",
        "note": "Mason County Fiscal Court gave final approval to rezone 28 properties outside Maysville from agricultural to rural industrial, clearing the way for a hyperscale data center campus. The undisclosed company retains final say on whether it develops the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.weku.org/the-commonwealth/2026-05-26/mason-county-gives-final-approval-on-rezoning-properties-for-data-center-construction",
        "label": "Mason County gives final approval on rezoning properties for data center construction",
        "publisher": "WEKU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/local-news/2026-08-04/data-center-maysville-kentucky-land-use-debate",
        "label": "Data center near Maysville sparks debate about land use",
        "publisher": "WVXU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/mason-county-residents-weigh-billion-dollar-data-center-proposal-amid-growing-concerns",
        "label": "Mason County residents weigh billion-dollar data center proposal amid growing concerns",
        "publisher": "LEX18",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-kentucky/ruin-peace-and-quiet-potential-for-1-billion-data-center-sparks-debate-in-rural-mason-county",
        "label": "Potential for $1 billion data center sparks debate in rural Mason County",
        "publisher": "WCPO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kentuckynewera.com/news/state/article_dd29c763-154a-510d-b88a-c5f4510e8f70.html",
        "label": "Data centers are being proposed – and sometimes approved – all over state (Kentucky Lantern project tracker: Mason County, undisclosed Fortune 100 company, 1.2 GW, planned)",
        "publisher": "Kentucky New Era / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kentuckylantern.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EPIC-REPORT-NO-2026-001-FINAL.pdf",
        "label": "EPIC Report No. 2026-001, Data Centers in Kentucky (§I.B lists Mason County among counties with projects under consideration)",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Energy Planning and Inventory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Big+Pond+Pike%2C+Mason+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Big Pond Pike, Mason County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Reported campus of six data center buildings plus three substations, office space and parking on land rezoned outside Maysville. The end user has not been publicly named; outlets describe it variously as a Fortune 100 and a Fortune 50 US technology company. Capacity figures conflict across sources: the Kentucky Lantern project tracker reports 1.2 GW (recorded here) while WVXU reports 2.2 GW — this is not settled. Construction-jobs figures also conflict (WCPO reports 1,000, LEX18 reports more than 1,500), so only the 400 permanent positions both report are recorded. LEX18 names Eastern Kentucky Power as the utility and WVXU references a Duke Energy Woodsdale substation expansion; because those two accounts are inconsistent, no energy record is asserted. Coordinates are a geocode of Big Pond Pike (reported as the site road, near KY-3056) and are approximate — the parcel boundaries are not published.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The grassroots group 'We Are Mason County, KY' sued the county and its planning commission, arguing the approval process was rushed and that the county's comprehensive plan does not address where or how many data centers may be built. Residents have raised concerns about diesel generator noise, water use, electricity rates, air quality and displacement from a mobile home park; a 'Save Mason County' petition gathered more than 500 confirmed resident signatures.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mawson-bellefonte-pa",
    "name": "Big Digital Energy Bellefonte Facility",
    "operator": "Big Digital Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.9145,
      "lon": -77.7791,
      "city": "Bellefonte",
      "county": "Centre",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/07/3183921/0/en/Mawson-Infrastructure-Group-Inc-Announces-Lease-Extension-For-Its-Bellefonte-PA-Facility.html",
        "label": "Mawson Infrastructure Group Inc. Announces Lease Extension For Its Bellefonte, PA Facility",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (company release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.citybiz.co/article/769898/mawson-infrastructure-group-announces-lease-extension-for-its-bellefonte-pa-facility/",
        "label": "Mawson Infrastructure Group Announces Lease Extension For Its Bellefonte, PA Facility",
        "publisher": "citybiz",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "9,918 sq ft self-mining-only facility (no hosting/co-location) in Bellefonte, Centre County. Lease extended five years (to Dec 31, 2030) via amendment executed Nov 6, 2025, while under the Mawson name; rebranded Big Digital Energy April 2026. Capacity in MW not disclosed; small footprint.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mawson-midland-pa",
    "name": "Big Digital Energy Midland Facility",
    "operator": "Big Digital Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6532,
      "lon": -80.3968,
      "city": "Midland",
      "county": "Beaver",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 120
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.mawsoninc.com/mawson-infrastructure-group-inc-expands-midland-facility-to-120-mw/",
        "label": "Mawson Infrastructure Group Inc Expands Midland Facility to 120 MW",
        "publisher": "Mawson Infrastructure Group (company release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/23/3280391/0/en/mawson-infrastructure-group-inc-becomes-big-digital-energy-inc-receives-nasdaq-listing-determination-already-in-compliance-to-request-hearing.html",
        "label": "Mawson Infrastructure Group Inc. Becomes Big Digital Energy, Inc.",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (company release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/27/3281610/0/en/big-digital-energy-inc-announces-colocation-agreement-with-the-endeavor-group.html",
        "label": "Big Digital Energy, Inc. Announces Colocation Agreement with the Endeavor Group",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (company release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Formerly Mawson Infrastructure Group (NASDAQ: MIGI), rebranded Big Digital Energy (BGDE) April 2026. ~950 Railroad Ave, Midland, PA (Beaver County). Expanded from 100MW to 120MW via lease amendment; the April 2026 rebrand release reported 129MW online company-wide. April 2026: 75MW of Midland capacity placed under a 12-month related-party colocation agreement with the Endeavor Group (an affiliate).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mcd7-limerick-township-montgomery-county-pa",
    "name": "Limerick Township Data Center Campus (MCD 7)",
    "operator": "MCD 7 LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2447,
      "lon": -75.573,
      "city": "Limerick Township",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-16",
        "note": "Limerick Township planning commission received a first look at the 1.4 million sq ft, eight-building proposal.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.suburbanrealtorsalliance.com/news/2026/01/16/montgomery-county/limerick-gets-first-look-at-1.4m-square-foot-data-center-proposal/",
        "label": "Limerick gets first look at 1.4M-square-foot data center proposal",
        "publisher": "Suburban Realtors Alliance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://6abc.com/post/limerick-board-supervisors-vote-send-letter-opposing-land-swap-proposed-data-center/18440961/",
        "label": "Limerick Board of Supervisors vote to send a letter opposing a land swap for proposed data center",
        "publisher": "6abc Philadelphia (WPVI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Eight server buildings totaling about 1.4 million sq ft on roughly 192 acres across from the Philadelphia Premium Outlets, replacing a previously approved warehouse complex; projected to generate $10–20 million in tax revenue, primarily to the Spring-Ford School District. Trade press reports the project under the name 'Project Laurel' and places it within a mile of Constellation's Limerick nuclear station; neither detail was confirmed in the source cited here. The eventual occupant is under a non-disclosure agreement.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 1.3,
      "notes": "Township review materials describe cooling demand of as much as 1.3 million gallons of water per day."
    },
    "landAcres": 192,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Limerick Township's Board of Supervisors voted on Jan. 21, 2026 to send a formal letter of opposition to Harrisburg regarding the 55-acre Pennsylvania Game Lands swap tied to the proposed data-center site, after a packed, hours-long meeting. The letter does not block the land exchange but places local opposition on the state record. Residents cited river-adjacent industrial-development risk and a lack of documented public benefit.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mcni-concord-township-hancock-county-ia",
    "name": "MCNI Concord Township Data Center (rezoning denied)",
    "operator": "MCNI",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.09806,
      "lon": -93.60417,
      "city": "Garner",
      "county": "Hancock",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-09",
        "note": "Hancock County Planning & Zoning Commission voted unanimously to deny a rezoning request for the approximately 724-acre site in Concord Township near Garner; a company representative said MCNI would likely appeal to the county Board of Adjustment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://kiow.com/2026/09/10/rezoning-change-in-hancock-county-denied/",
        "label": "Rezoning Change in Hancock County Denied",
        "publisher": "Mix 107.3 KIOW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Confirmed absence: no full legal operator name, project name, capacity, or investment figure was stated in the source found this run — MCNI is described only as 'a limited liability corporation.' This is a Planning & Zoning Commission-level denial recommendation, not yet a final county board action, and the company signaled an appeal to the county Board of Adjustment — status is kept 'proposed' rather than 'cancelled' pending that outcome, with the denial recorded in statusHistory and community instead. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Garner, the nearest named place in sourcing, not the parcel itself.",
    "landAcres": 724,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The Sept. 9, 2026 Planning & Zoning Commission meeting drew a standing-room-only crowd. Opposition speakers, including a former mayor, argued the county's focus should be job retention and expanding existing businesses rather than attracting a data center.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "md-squared-power-pikeville-pike-ky",
    "name": "Kentucky Enterprise Industrial Park Data Center",
    "operator": "MD Squared Power LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4792672,
      "lon": -82.5187629,
      "city": "Pikeville",
      "county": "Pike",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wymt.com/2026/06/05/pikeville-signs-agreement-explore-data-center-development/",
        "label": "Pikeville signs agreement to explore data center development",
        "publisher": "WYMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "City of Pikeville and Lexington-based MD Squared Power LLC signed a preliminary MOU on 2026-04-20 to explore a data center at the Kentucky Enterprise Industrial Park, with a 120-day exclusive negotiation window; either party could withdraw without penalty. No final development agreement, capacity figure, or exact parcel/address was disclosed as of the source date. Coordinates are a city-level pin (Pikeville, Pike County) since the exact parcel within the industrial park is not confirmed in the source.",
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 190,
      "permanent": 40,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mdc-sdg1-san-diego-ca",
    "name": "MDC SDG1",
    "operator": "MDC Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.59374,
      "lon": -117.08525,
      "city": "San Diego",
      "county": "San Diego",
      "street": "7014 Manya Circle",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.mdcdatacenters.com/data-centers/our-locations/san-diego/",
        "label": "MDC Data Centers — San Diego Locations",
        "publisher": "MDC Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Located near the Otay Mesa port of entry; operator markets this as a carrier-neutral border-crossing facility with redundant fiber routes to Baja California via San Ysidro and Otay Mesa. Capacity/square footage not disclosed on the operator's page — omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mdc-sdg2-san-diego-ca",
    "name": "MDC SDG2",
    "operator": "MDC Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.75,
      "lon": -117.123,
      "city": "San Diego",
      "county": "San Diego",
      "street": "3180 University Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.mdcdatacenters.com/data-centers/our-locations/san-diego/",
        "label": "MDC Data Centers — San Diego Locations",
        "publisher": "MDC Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Second San Diego facility, on University Avenue in the North Park / University Heights area. Capacity/square footage not disclosed on the operator's page — omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "menlo-digital-jamestown-drive-petersburg-va",
    "name": "Menlo Digital Richmond Virginia Data Center (Jamestown Drive)",
    "operator": "Menlo Digital",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.199,
      "lon": -77.363,
      "city": "Petersburg",
      "street": "2255 Jamestown Drive",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 104
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-21",
        "note": "Rezoned by Petersburg City Council in 2023 with subsequent approvals. A site plan has been submitted but not yet approved — comments and corrections on the most recent submission were returned in late April 2026 and an updated plan had not been resubmitted as of the reporting date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260721131420/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/07/21/documents-reveal-details-on-data-center-projects-in-petersburgs-pipeline/",
        "label": "Documents reveal details on several data center projects in Petersburg's pipeline (archived)",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55395571/navigating-virginias-data-center-boom-policy-shifts-local-projects-and-future-challenges",
        "label": "Navigating Virginia's Data Center Boom: Policy Shifts, Local Projects, and Future Challenges",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Four-building campus totalling roughly 1.2 million sq ft on 74 acres, served by a planned 300 MW substation; the 104 MW figure is the reported supported IT load at full buildout, not the substation rating. Menlo's own site markets the project as 'Richmond Virginia Data Center'. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the cited street address.",
    "landAcres": 74,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "menomonie-data-center-wi",
    "name": "Menomonie Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (Balloonist LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8769,
      "lon": -91.9193,
      "city": "Menomonie",
      "county": "Dunn",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Xcel Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2025-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Balloonist LLC filed an annexation petition and I-1 rezoning for a ~324-acre site on County Highway B (Town of Red Cedar)",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-04",
        "note": "Menomonie City Council approved annexation and I-1 rezoning 8-3; rezoning is not a building permit",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-22",
        "note": "Mayor Knaack declared the project 'on pause'; TID/development-agreement talks ended; Balloonist subsequently purchased the land",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-06",
        "note": "City Council adopted a new I-4 Data Center Industrial District ordinance with stricter parameters, effectively requiring Balloonist to reapply",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-30",
        "note": "Mayor Crowe: city still refining the I-4 ordinance, draft to be introduced Aug 3 2026; Balloonist retains the land",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wtmj.com/news/2025/12/23/a-look-back-at-wisconsins-year-of-the-data-center/",
        "label": "Wisconsin's Year of the Data Center",
        "publisher": "WTMJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://volumeone.org/articles/2025/08/26/370164-tech-giant-is-considering-16-billion-data-center-dunn-county",
        "label": "Tech Giant Considering $1.6B Data Center in Dunn County",
        "publisher": "Volume One",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-in-red-cedar-wisconsin-could-be-16bn-investment/",
        "label": "Data center in Red Cedar, Wisconsin, could be $1.6bn investment",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://menomonienewsnet.org/3707/city/proposed-data-center/",
        "label": "Proposed Data Center - Menomonie News Net",
        "publisher": "Menomonie News Net",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/menomonie-mayor-puts-data-center-proposal-on-hold",
        "label": "Menomonie mayor puts $1.6B data center proposal on hold",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-development-in-menomonie-wisconsin-delayed/",
        "label": "Data center development in Menomonie, Wisconsin, delayed",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wcfw.fm/news/2026/01/06/menomonie-data-center-ordinance",
        "label": "Menomonie City Council Approves Data Center Ordinance Change",
        "publisher": "WCFW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.menomonieminute.com/post/mayor-crowe-releases-statement-regarding-proposed-data-center-ordinance",
        "label": "Mayor Crowe statement on proposed data center ordinance (June 2026)",
        "publisher": "Menomonie Minute",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "End operator undisclosed behind Balloonist LLC (a Delaware foreign LLC). Multiple outlets note Balloonist's Delaware address and registered agent match prior Meta data-center SPV patterns, but NO source names Meta or any operator - recorded as undisclosed. A council member said the end user is 'one of the top tech giants' without naming them. Status corrected from the ledger's 'permitted' to 'proposed': the original I-1 rezoning was superseded by a January 2026 I-4 ordinance; no building permits were ever issued. Proposed investment up to $1.6B and 50-75 FTE jobs are developer projections (not recorded as firm fields). No MW capacity disclosed. Site: ~324 acres along County Highway B (annexed from Town of Red Cedar Aug 2025). Coordinates are the Menomonie centroid. aiClassification 'likely' rests on hyperscale scale + 'tech giant' attribution, not an explicit AI-workload statement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Balloonist LLC confirmed working with Xcel Energy and the WI Public Service Commission on supply/grid; no MW load or substation figure disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Proposed closed-loop cooling requiring ~75,000 gallons/day of municipal water/wastewater - would rank as Menomonie's fifth-largest water user."
    },
    "landAcres": 324,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Active opposition group 'Stop the Menomonie Data Center'; Mayor Knaack (Sept 2025) called it 'not a suitable fit'; the city administrator signed an NDA limiting transparency; residents built a national toolkit for similar proposals; the new mayor is continuing the I-4 ordinance process."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "merkle-standard-memphis-tn",
    "name": "Merkle Standard Memphis (4545 South Mendenhall Road)",
    "operator": "Merkle Standard",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0246295,
      "lon": -89.8803757,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "4545 South Mendenhall Road",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-09-17",
        "note": "MLGW contract in effect; site reported still under construction and not yet mining.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Abits Group's hosted Antminer S19XP fleet began operating at the site at the end of March 2025 under a hosting agreement with 4545 S Mendenhall LLC; hosting fees of $1,922,814 were booked against the Memphis site in FY2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.psrmemphis.org/bitcoin-mines-coming-to-memphis-and-tennessee/",
        "label": "Bitcoin Mines Coming To Memphis And Tennessee",
        "publisher": "Institute for Public Service Reporting at the University of Memphis",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1864055/000149315226019612/form20-f.htm",
        "label": "Abits Group Inc Form 20-F (FY2025) — hosting agreement with 4545 S Mendenhall LLC, Memphis, Tennessee",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "The contract party of record with MLGW is 4545 S Mendenhall LLC, a Tennessee entity formed by Merkle Standard executive Steven Wood. No IT-load capacity is recorded: the 45 MW figure is a utility contract ceiling, not a stated or measured facility capacity.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Memphis Light, Gas & Water",
      "notes": "Five-year MLGW power contract effective August 1, 2024; the agreement permits up to 45,000 kW per half-hour during low-demand periods and limits peak-hour use to 5 MW per half-hour, at a $189,176 monthly minimum."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "merkle-standard-usk-wa",
    "name": "Merkle Standard Usk Facility",
    "operator": "Merkle Standard (Allrise Capital)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 48.3079,
      "lon": -117.2848,
      "city": "Usk",
      "county": "Pend Oreille",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cascadepbs.org/news/2022/11/tiny-eastern-wa-town-could-become-bitcoin-mining-hub/",
        "label": "This tiny Eastern WA town could become a bitcoin mining hub",
        "publisher": "Cascade PBS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Site of the former Ponderay Newsprint mill (bankrupt 2020, acquired for $18.1M by Allrise Capital); Merkle Standard is the operating subsidiary, Bitmain the equipment partner; permitted for up to 100MW annually with studies examining expansion to 600MW.",
    "investmentUsd": 18100000,
    "landAcres": 927,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 40,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Pend Oreille County's hearing examiner rejected a wildlife biologist's appeal and upheld the conditional-use permit in May 2022; opposition centered on noise impacts to threatened long-eared bats and white pelicans.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mesh-capital-cabin-field-road-data-center-campbell-va",
    "name": "Cabin Field Road Data Center",
    "operator": "Mesh Capital LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3407675,
      "lon": -78.9909489,
      "county": "Campbell",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "County zoning administrator determined three scaled-back conceptual site plans (three data center buildings, ~450,000 sq ft) comply with the parcel's existing protective proffer, clearing a by-right path despite the Board's October 2025 rezoning denial.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2025/11/03/data-center-could-still-be-coming-campbell-county-despite-denial-vote-supervisors/",
        "label": "Data center could still be coming to Campbell County despite denial vote from supervisors",
        "publisher": "WDBJ7",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wset.com/news/local/campbell-county-faces-data-center-proposals-as-residents-call-for-stricter-regulations-route-460-concord-cabin-field-road-mesh-capital-llc-supervisor-matthew-kline-november-2025",
        "label": "Campbell County faces data center proposals as residents call for stricter regulations",
        "publisher": "WSET",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "landAcres": 57,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-aiken-county-sc",
    "name": "Meta Aiken Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5629,
      "lon": -81.8287,
      "city": "Graniteville",
      "county": "Aiken",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-08-30",
        "note": "Meta publicly announced Aiken County data center campus, 22nd US data center",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-09",
        "note": "DPR Construction leading build; Governor McMaster attended groundbreaking ceremony",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-plans-800m-data-center-campus-in-aiken-county-south-carolina/",
        "label": "Meta plans $800m data center campus in Aiken County, South Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/aikenstandard/business/meta-aiken-county-data-center-mcmaster/article_aaf0aa0c-64a8-11ef-a8f7-d389d536dea5.html",
        "label": "Facebook owner Meta selects Aiken County for first South Carolina data center",
        "publisher": "Post and Courier / Aiken Standard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfxg.com/news/aiken-data-center-nearing-completion/article_4facd65f-d825-463d-91b5-1ed60eca94f9.html",
        "label": "Aiken data center nearing completion",
        "publisher": "WFXG (Augusta/Aiken local news)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2024-08/meta-selects-aiken-county-first-south-carolina-data-center",
        "label": "Meta selects Aiken County for first South Carolina data center",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor of South Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sage Mill Industrial Park, Graniteville. 715,000 sq ft; Meta's 22nd US data center. Explicitly optimized for AI workloads. Administration building constructed with mass timber. Expected operational spring 2027. Coordinates are Graniteville area centroid. Subsidies lane checked 2026-09-10: Aiken County offered property-tax breaks to Meta as early as 2023, under the pre-announcement code name 'Project Sabal' and intermediary 'Starskey LLC'. No dollar figure or FILOT ordinance number found this run -- not filing a structured subsidies entry, flagging the lane for a follow-up pass to locate the actual FILOT agreement/ordinance.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Aiken Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "Meta working with Aiken Electric Cooperative to add new renewable energy to the grid for the facility"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 300,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Governor Henry McMaster attended groundbreaking. County leaders describe project as one of the largest private investments in Aiken County history. Three-year recruitment process by county.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-altoona-ia",
    "name": "Meta Altoona Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6459,
      "lon": -93.4696,
      "city": "Altoona",
      "county": "Polk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 350
    },
    "poweredBy": "MidAmerican Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2013",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2013",
        "note": "Meta (Facebook) began building the Altoona campus in 2013; now its largest cloud campus at 5M+ sq ft after a seventh expansion; hosts GenAI/LLaMA compute",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11427725/meta-adds-more-data-centers-in-iowa-pushing-campus-to-5-million-sf",
        "label": "Meta Adds More Data Centers in Iowa, Pushing Campus to 5 Million SF",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://engineering.fb.com/2024/03/12/data-center-engineering/building-metas-genai-infrastructure/",
        "label": "Building Meta's GenAI Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "Engineering at Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-signs-225mw-wind-ppa-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Meta signs 225MW wind PPA in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/facebook-receives-tax-incentive-to-build-fifth-altoona-iowa-data-center/554481/",
        "label": "Facebook receives tax incentive to build fifth Altoona data center",
        "publisher": "Construction Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kdsm17.com/news/local/how-much-water-do-iowa-data-centers-use",
        "label": "How much water do Iowa data centers use",
        "publisher": "KDSM17 (CBS Iowa)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.warrencountyrecord.com/stories/trip-to-iowa-gives-officials-close-look-at-meta-data-center,163085",
        "label": "Trip to Iowa gives officials close look at Meta data center",
        "publisher": "Warren County Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2021/12/meta-announces-new-expansion-to-altoona-campus-new-hardhat-in-hand-graduates/",
        "label": "Meta Data Centers blog — Meta Announces New Expansion to Altoona Campus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/altoona-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta's Altoona Data Center (site info sheet)",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Operational since 2013; 5M+ sq ft after seven expansions — Meta's largest cloud campus. Meta's engineering blog documents Altoona as a GenAI infrastructure / LLaMA training site. INVESTMENT: 'more than $2.5 billion' is a cumulative multi-year figure across all expansions (in notes, not investmentUsd). 400+ on-site operations staff is a cumulative daily figure (in notes). ~350 MW per third-party index. Coordinates are the Altoona town centroid. Meta cites a cumulative capital investment of 'more than $2.5 billion' across seven Altoona expansions since 2013 (Data Center Frontier); the 2019 Building 5 phase was ~$400M (IEDA). Both are cumulative/single-phase figures -> investmentUsd omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy",
      "notes": "Served by MidAmerican Energy; Meta matches load with long-term Iowa wind PPAs, including the 225 MW Great Pathfinder Wind project (Boone & Hamilton Counties, Apex Clean Energy, ~2022) tied to Altoona. MidAmerican delivered ~100% renewable to its Iowa customers in 2022. No on-site generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Evaporative cooling with outside-air economization ~93% of the year (Meta design). Altoona utility director Daniel Scott: the campus 'can use up to a million gallons of water a day, one fifth of what the city can produce' - a permit peak/ceiling, not a measured average; a city agreement caps Meta at up to 16% of Altoona's supply. Water drawn from the Jordan Aquifer. No verified operational daily-use figure has been disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "City of Altoona 20-year property-tax waiver (Building 5 / Siculus LLC, ~1M sq ft) - Meta instead pays ~$3/sq ft (~$3M/yr), roughly a 40% discount; IEDA High Quality Jobs program",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Altoona, IA",
        "year": "2019",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "Iowa data-center sales & use tax exemption (Iowa Code sec. 423.3(95)) on equipment, cooling, and electricity - eligibility met; per-campus dollar value undisclosed",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Iowa",
        "year": "2013",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2500000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Altoona Mayor Dean O'Connor, initially opposed, became supportive as the campus grew; Meta donated two water towers to the city and has given $4M+ locally; LEED Gold buildings. Resident-level concerns (water share, electricity rates, noise/light) are documented but no organized opposition or litigation was found.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-anthem-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "Meta Project Anthem — Tulsa",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.14,
      "lon": -95.88,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "Near East 11th Street & 193rd East Avenue (Fair Oaks industrial park, East Tulsa)",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Preliminary plat filed with Tulsa Metropolitan Area Planning Commission as 'Project Anthem'; Meta identity not publicly confirmed at time of filing",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Preliminary plat approved August 7, 2024 by TMAPC; developer entity listed as Atmoss LLC",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Meta publicly confirmed as operator; groundbreaking ceremony held April 21, 2026 with Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt; completion targeted 2028",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2026/04/breaking-ground-new-ai-optimized-data-center-tulsa-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Breaking Ground on a New AI-Optimized Data Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Meta (about.fb.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/04/hello-tulsa/",
        "label": "Hello, Tulsa! — Meta Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Meta (atmeta.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.okcommerce.gov/meta-breaks-ground-on-data-center-in-tulsa/",
        "label": "Meta Breaks Ground on New $1 Billion Data Center in Tulsa",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tulsaflyer.org/2026/04/22/news/post/meta-east-tulsa-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta's east Tulsa data center earns praise and protests",
        "publisher": "Tulsa Flyer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/340-acre-data-center-campus-planned-in-tulsa-oklahoma/",
        "label": "340-acre data center campus planned in Tulsa, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/tulsa-meta-data-center-project-announcement",
        "label": "Gov. Stitt announces Meta behind Tulsa data center known as 'Project Anthem'",
        "publisher": "NewsOn6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox23.com/news/meta-confirmed-as-company-behind-project-anthem-amid-resident-concerns/article_33f131fe-fc26-466a-b6c8-774dd2b2a415.html",
        "label": "Meta confirmed as company behind Project Anthem",
        "publisher": "FOX23 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-06",
    "notes": "Codename: Project Anthem (used in TMAPC filings; Meta confirmed publicly April 21, 2026). Meta's 28th US data center and 32nd globally; first in Oklahoma and first built within Tulsa city limits. Anchor tenant at Fair Oaks Innovation Park (a 2,000-acre campus) near 11th Street and Creek Turnpike, East Tulsa. Investment stated as 'more than $1 billion' by Meta — a floor figure only; PartnerTulsa estimates construction costs at ~$800M. investmentUsd omitted: no firm single confirmed figure. Facility size: 2+ million sq ft; completion targeted 2028; general contractor Fortis Construction. No facility-specific MW capacity disclosed; Meta separately adding 1,500+ MW of clean energy to the Oklahoma grid statewide. Jobs: Meta states 'more than 1,000 construction workers at peak' and 'approximately 100 permanent jobs' — approximations from press release, not firm figures; omitted from numeric fields. Phase 2 expansion (375 additional acres west of original parcel, developer Atmoss LLC) proposed but withdrawn March 2026 before city council vote. Coordinates approximate (near 11th St & Creek Turnpike, East Tulsa).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)",
      "notes": "Meta committed to matching 100% of facility electricity use with clean energy added to the Oklahoma grid. Existing Oklahoma projects add 1,500+ MW of clean energy statewide (not facility-specific). Meta covers full energy costs directly via PSO utility bills; stated commitment to avoid ratepayer burden. Tulsa Metropolitan Utility Authority also listed as a utility partner (water/wastewater)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Water-efficient closed-loop liquid-cooled system. Meta states zero water use for the majority of the year and a water-positive goal by 2030. Water restoration partnership with Phytech across ~1,500 acres targeting 50+ million gallons of annual water savings. Additional partnership with Tulsa Community Foundation on water stewardship. No reportedMgd figure confirmed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Tax Incentive District (TID) — 85% annual property tax exemption; 15% collected projected at ~$36 million to taxing entities (city of Tulsa, Wagoner County, Catoosa Public Schools, others) over 25-year incentive period",
        "jurisdiction": "Tulsa, OK",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 340,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Tulsa City Council passed a 9-month moratorium on new data centers in March 2026 to evaluate ecological impact; Project Anthem was carved out as it was approved before the moratorium vote. Approximately a dozen protesters from Stop Data Colonialism coalition gathered at the April 21, 2026 groundbreaking, raising concerns about environmental impact, financial burden on nearby residents, and 'data colonialism.' Meta's water-neutrality claims challenged by protesters as corporate narrative. Councilor Christian Bengel voted for the moratorium while separately supporting Project Anthem. Meta announced $3 million in community grants (Eastside Rise neighborhood enhancement, Data Center Community Action Grants) and workforce development partnerships with Tulsa Tech and Tulsa Community College targeting 200+ graduates annually in technical trades.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-beaver-dam-wi",
    "name": "Meta Beaver Dam Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.457,
      "lon": -88.837,
      "city": "Beaver Dam",
      "county": "Dodge",
      "street": "County Road A",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 220
    },
    "poweredBy": "Alliant Energy (100% renewable)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Meta announced $1B data center at Alliant Energy Beaver Dam Commerce Park; Mortenson selected as general contractor",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Mortenson leading site grading, foundational work, and infrastructure preparation; completion targeted 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/11/hello-beaver-dam/",
        "label": "Hello, Beaver Dam! — Meta Data Centers blog",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/meta-mortenson-beaver-dam-wisconsin-data-center/806211/",
        "label": "Meta taps Mortenson for $1B Wisconsin data center",
        "publisher": "Construction Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wedc.org/meta-state-and-local-officials-announce-1-billion-data-center-investment-in-beaver-dam-project/",
        "label": "Meta $1B Beaver Dam announcement — Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation",
        "publisher": "WEDC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/wisconsin-regulators-approve-rates-for-metas-beaver-dam-data-center-with-sharp-criticism",
        "label": "Wisconsin regulators approve rates for Meta's Beaver Dam data center, with sharp criticism",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/lawsuit-expected-energy-demand-meta-data-center-beaver-dam",
        "label": "Lawsuit seeks release of expected energy demand from Meta data center in Beaver Dam",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyreporter.com/2026/09/10/wi-judge-rules-on-data-center-energy-demand-secrets/",
        "label": "WI judge rules on data center energy demand secrets",
        "publisher": "The Daily Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wisbusiness.com/2026/new-details-revealed-for-metas-beaver-dam-data-center/",
        "label": "New details revealed for Meta's Beaver Dam data center (up to 220 MW, per newly unredacted Alliant Energy service contract)",
        "publisher": "WisBusiness",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/news/news-center/2025/11/111225-metabeaverdamannouncement",
        "label": "Meta announces $1 billion Data Center Investment in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Project (dry cooling, water restoration, renewable match, $200M energy infrastructure)",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/FAQS/ExemptionforQualifiedDataCenter.aspx",
        "label": "DOR Qualified Data Center Exemption — certified qualified data centers, incl. Degas LLC, Beaver Dam (County Road A), certified 2/18/2025",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Revenue",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/bloomberg-meta-developer-beaver-dam-data-center",
        "label": "Bloomberg: Meta is the developer behind planned Beaver Dam data center (agreements made with \"a company working through Degas LLC\"; state incentive deal reached February 2025)",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate city centroid for Beaver Dam; exact site is Alliant Energy Beaver Dam Commerce Park (Wisconsin's largest certified development-ready site). 700,000+ sq ft campus. Meta's 26th US data center. AI workloads are the stated purpose.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy",
      "notes": "Meta committed to 100% clean and renewable energy; also investing ~$200M in grid infrastructure upgrades and substations"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Dry cooling — no water consumption for cooling once operational; 570 acres of wetland/prairie restoration surrounding facility via Ducks Unlimited partnership"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wisconsin sales and use tax exemption for a qualified data center (WEDC certification of Degas LLC, Beaver Dam — County Road A; certified 2/18/2025)",
        "jurisdiction": "Wisconsin",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 8
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Gov. Evers expressed strong support; some residents raised concerns about water modeling and aquifer impacts",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "Meta Cheyenne Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.099,
      "lon": -104.769,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 109
    },
    "poweredBy": "Black Hills Energy grid with planned renewable additions",
    "announcedDate": "2024-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-11",
        "note": "Project Cosmo approved by Cheyenne City Council; Meta used shell company Goat Systems LLC during planning",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Construction began months before official July 2024 Meta announcement; Fortis Construction serving as GC; 715,000 sq ft, at least two buildings",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-officially-announces-data-center-in-cheyenne-wyoming/",
        "label": "Meta Officially Announces Data Center in Cheyenne, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cheyenneleads.org/meta-announces-new-data-center-a-major-investment-in-cheyenne-wyoming/",
        "label": "Meta Announces New Data Center, a Major Investment, in Cheyenne, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Cheyenne LEADS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ewweb.com/news/project-watch/article/55124842/meta-facebook-announces-plans-for-800-million-data-center-in-cheyenne-wy",
        "label": "Meta/Facebook Announces Plans for $800-Million Data Center in Cheyenne, WY",
        "publisher": "Electrical Wholesaling",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/wyoming/3137/meta-cheyenne---building-1",
        "label": "Meta Cheyenne — Building 1 (109 MW)",
        "publisher": "CleanView",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "715,000 sq ft campus at High Plains Business Park, Meta's 25th global data center. Originally Project Cosmo. Optimized for AI workloads with new H-departed design. Expected operational 2027. Coordinates approximate for High Plains Business Park in SE Cheyenne. Energy.notes corrected: removed on-site nuclear claim (Meta-TerraPower PPA is portfolio-wide grid delivery, not an on-site Cheyenne plant) and removed unverified $1.2B solar claim. jobs.sourceIndex corrected from 0 to 1 (Cheyenne LEADS is the source for the 1,000 construction jobs figure).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy",
      "notes": "Served under Black Hills Energy Large Power Contract Service tariff with customized renewable procurement. Meta and Black Hills Energy partnered to add new renewable resources to the Wyoming grid. Note: Meta signed a separate January 2026 portfolio-wide PPA with TerraPower for up to 8 remote Natrium reactors (power delivery via grid, not at the Cheyenne site); no on-site nuclear generation planned at this location per cited sources."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "year": "2022",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 960,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Meta announced Data Center Community Action Grants for Cheyenne schools and nonprofits in 2026. Wyoming tax incentives for data center operators cited as a deciding factor in site selection.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-davenport-ia",
    "name": "Meta Davenport Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5236,
      "lon": -90.5776,
      "city": "Davenport",
      "county": "Scott",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-05-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-05-21",
        "note": "Iowa Economic Development Authority board signed off on Davenport's 20-year, 60 percent property tax exemption; board documents named Meta as the company behind the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/meta-behind-plans-for-latest-iowa-data-center/article_ddf57b2e-9b35-50b7-8af7-1370978063fa.html",
        "label": "Meta behind plans for latest Iowa data center",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwqc.com/2026/03/06/more-than-house-less-than-grocery-store-how-much-electricity-qca-data-centers-uses/",
        "label": "More than a house, less than a grocery store: how much electricity QCA data centers use (reports Meta's 328 acres purchased, construction not started)",
        "publisher": "KWQC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "328-acre parcel at the northwest corner of Hillandale Road and Enterprise Way in northwest Davenport, held through Vemerald LLC, described in a state news release as a wholly owned subsidiary of Meta Platforms, Inc. State board documents from May 2024 said Meta would evaluate the parcel until Q1 2025, break ground by Q4 2025 and complete the data center by end of 2027. As of March 2026 the land had been purchased but construction had not started, so status is held at proposed rather than under_construction. Job count is 35 at $28.76/hour or more per state board documents; Davenport city documents put it at 50. Distinct site from the tracked Meta Altoona campus.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "City of Davenport 20-year, 60 percent property tax exemption (approved by the Iowa Economic Development Authority board)",
        "amountUsd": 161000000,
        "jurisdiction": "City of Davenport",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 328,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 35,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Davenport estimates it would receive $50.6 million more in property tax revenue than if the data center were not built. Local environmental concerns have been raised, and the parcel sitting empty well past the original groundbreaking target has itself become a local story.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-dekalb-data-center-il",
    "name": "Meta DeKalb Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.909,
      "lon": -88.792,
      "city": "DeKalb",
      "county": "DeKalb",
      "street": "2050 Metaverse Way",
      "postalCode": "60115",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2020",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-11",
        "note": "Meta announced DeKalb Data Center online",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/dekalb-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta — DeKalb Data Center info sheet",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-launches-data-center-in-dekalb-illinois/",
        "label": "Meta launches data center in DeKalb, Illinois",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mystateline.com/news/local-news/meta-announces-dekalb-data-center-is-now-operational/",
        "label": "Meta announces DeKalb Data Center is now operational",
        "publisher": "WTVO/WQRF MyStateline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — Goldframe LLC, DeKalb (2021 MOU, $800,000,000 commitment, 50 new jobs, underserved area)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "~2.3 million sq ft hyperscale data center; broke ground 2020, brought online November 2023.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 50000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "200+ local grants and sponsorships since 2021; $1.2M+ direct funding to DeKalb County-area schools and nonprofits",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-eagle-mountain-ut",
    "name": "Meta Eagle Mountain Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.3138,
      "lon": -111.9697,
      "city": "Eagle Mountain",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (Rocky Mountain Power) + renewable PPAs",
    "announcedDate": "2018",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "$750M initial campus announced",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "First building operational; campus expanded to 7 buildings totaling 4.5 million sq ft",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/meta-eagle-mountain-utah-campus",
        "label": "Meta Eagle Mountain Utah Campus — Baxtel",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://greatsaltlakenews.org/latest-news/salt-lake-tribune/can-utah-become-a-data-center-hub-without-draining-its-water-supply",
        "label": "Can Utah become a data center hub without draining its water supply? — Great Salt Lake Collaborative / Salt Lake Tribune",
        "publisher": "Salt Lake Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/eagle-mountain-data-center-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta Eagle Mountain Data Center fact sheet",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/technology/utah-data-center-water-supply-meta-novva/",
        "label": "Can you build data centers in a desert without draining the water supply? — Grist",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2022/9/30/23380151/facebook-meta-announces-expansion-eagle-mountain-data-center-tax-breaks/",
        "label": "Meta announces mega expansion to Eagle Mountain data center project — Deseret News",
        "publisher": "Deseret News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2025/nov/21/rays-of-power-utahs-largest-solar-plant-becomes-operational-set-to-power-eagle-mountain-data-center/",
        "label": "Utah's largest solar plant set to power Eagle Mountain data center — Daily Herald",
        "publisher": "Daily Herald (Utah)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Rocky Mountain Power (PacifiCorp)",
      "notes": "100% renewable match via Rocky Mountain Power's Schedule 34 green tariff, backed by dedicated solar PPAs — including the 525 MWac Faraday Solar project (Utah's largest, online Oct 2025), Appaloosa Solar (120 MW), and Graphite Solar (104 MW). Meta says its Utah projects add 1,719 MW of new renewables; buildings are LEED Gold."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Air-side economizer with evaporative assist and multi-pass water reuse. The campus consumed ~35.1 million gallons in 2024 (city data reported by Grist), more than double 2021. A 2018 confidentiality agreement kept monthly water use private and obliged the city to alert Meta to records requests, drawing transparency criticism. Meta pledges 200% water restoration by 2030 (e.g., a $200K Hobble Creek flow-restoration grant)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Local property-tax abatement — 100% personal-property + 80% real-property relief for 40 years (Eagle Mountain / Utah County / Alpine School District); one analysis projected up to ~$750M in potential value across all phases",
        "jurisdiction": "Eagle Mountain / Utah County, UT",
        "year": "2018",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "program": "Utah data-center sales-tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Utah",
        "year": "2018",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The city strongly supports the campus (it anchors the general fund; Meta reports $1.5B+ in cumulative Utah data-center investment and $4.1M+ in local school and nonprofit grants since 2019), but arid-Utah water use is contested — state lawmakers passed a 2026 data-center water-reporting law (HB76) partly in response, and the 2018 confidentiality agreement over water data drew criticism.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-el-paso-tx",
    "name": "Meta El Paso AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.81,
      "lon": -106.55,
      "city": "El Paso",
      "county": "El Paso",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (El Paso Electric, renewable-matched); 366 MW McCloud gas plant proposed",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Meta announces El Paso campus with initial $1.5B investment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Groundbreaking October 15, 2025. Site is Meta's 29th data center globally, third in Texas.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/10/metas-new-ai-optimized-data-center-el-paso/",
        "label": "Meta breaks ground on El Paso AI-optimized data center",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/26/meta-to-spend-10-billion-on-ai-data-center-in-el-paso-1gw-by-2028.html",
        "label": "Meta boosts El Paso investment from $1.5B to $10B",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/01/26/texas-el-paso-meta-data-center-natural-gas-power-plant/",
        "label": "Plan to run El Paso data center on natural gas sparks concern",
        "publisher": "Texas Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/03/big-things-are-happening-el-paso/",
        "label": "Big things are happening, El Paso!",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Campus located in far Northeast El Paso near Texas-New Mexico state line on approximately 1,000 acres; coordinates are approximate city-area centroid, exact parcel not publicly identified. Meta's third Texas data center. Campus can scale to 1 GW. Construction jobs figure (4,000) reflects updated peak estimate from March 2026 $10B expansion announcement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "El Paso Electric",
      "notes": "Meta claims 100% renewable energy matching via Texas clean energy contracts (5,000+ MW contracted statewide). El Paso Electric separately seeking PUCT approval for a 366 MW natural gas McCloud facility to power this campus, which drew environmental opposition."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Zero operational water use for most of the year via closed-loop liquid cooling. Commitment to restore 200% of consumed water to local watersheds by 2030."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 4000,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Sembrando Esperanza Coalition and environmental groups oppose the proposed natural gas plant, citing air quality and rate equity concerns. Meta committed $500,000 to workforce development via El Paso Public Schools.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-forest-city-nc",
    "name": "Meta Forest City Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.317,
      "lon": -81.826,
      "city": "Forest City",
      "county": "Rutherford",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Portfolio of ~5 NC solar PPAs via Duke Energy (individual project names not confirmed via primary source)",
    "announcedDate": "2010",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012",
        "note": "Broke ground 2010, operational ~2012; multi-parcel campus owned by Andale LLC (Meta subsidiary, SEC-confirmed); $750M+ NC investment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/forest-city-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta Forest City Data Center info sheet — broke ground 2010, $750M+ invested in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.rutherfordcountync.gov/server/rest/services/Addressing/MapServer/2/query?where=PIN=%271558722267%27&f=json",
        "label": "Rutherford County GIS parcel record (PIN 1558722267, 408 Social Circle — ANDALE LLC, Menlo Park mailing address, $176.9M assessed building value = built)",
        "publisher": "Rutherford County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2014/09/05/study-facebook-data-center-north-carolina-massive-economic-impact",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge - Study: Facebook Data Center in NC Has Massive Economic Impact (search-summary, not directly fetched)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/forest-city-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta Data Centers — Meta's Forest City Data Center info sheet (Meta's own newsroom)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2010/11/11/facebook-plans-north-carolina-data-center",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge — Facebook Plans North Carolina Data Center (2010)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rutherfordncedc.com/newsdetail_T9_R80.php",
        "label": "Rutherford County Economic Development Commission — Data Centers Growing in North Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/environment/2026-04-10/data-centers-north-carolina-developers",
        "label": "North Carolina data center developers are moving hyperscale projects forward at hyperspeed",
        "publisher": "WUNC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Meta (Facebook) data center on Social Circle, Forest City, Rutherford County — broke ground 2010, operational ~2012, a multi-parcel campus (parcels owned by 'Andale LLC', a Meta subsidiary confirmed via Meta's SEC 10-K Exhibit 21.1 and the Menlo Park HQ mailing address), with a third facility announced 2015. Meta reports $750M+ invested in North Carolina; the 408 Social Circle parcel alone carries $176.9M assessed building value (built, not land-bank). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are a Rutherford County GIS parcel centroid, held approximate pending a raw-geometry re-pull; a follow-up GIS pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "Multiple independent outlets describe the Forest City data center as running on 100% renewable solar energy backed by five separate NC solar PPAs arranged through Duke Energy, consistent with Meta's site-specific procurement pattern at its other campuses."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Consumed about 4 million gallons of water in 2024, per WUNC. Forest City's town manager said officials 'were shocked at how little water they used.'"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Rutherford County investment-goals incentive grant",
        "amountUsd": 11400000,
        "jurisdiction": "Rutherford County, NC",
        "year": "2010",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 750000000,
    "landAcres": 150,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 275,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Forest City Town Manager Janet Mason described Meta as 'an excellent neighbor,' citing supplies and volunteer help distributed after Hurricane Helene, and noted the facility brought few of the negatives associated with data centers.",
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-fort-worth-tx",
    "name": "Meta Fort Worth Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9844048,
      "lon": -97.2617581,
      "city": "Fort Worth",
      "county": "Tarrant",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Shannon Wind Farm (204 MW, Clay County TX) via Oncor interconnection",
    "announcedDate": "2015",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2017",
        "note": "Broke ground 2015, began serving traffic 2017; ~200-acre campus, expanded since.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/facebook-fort-worth",
        "label": "Facebook Fort Worth Data Center — 4500 Like Way, opened 2017, ~200 acres, fully operational",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/fort-worth-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Fort Worth Data Center info sheet",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2015/07/07/facebook-data-center-texas/",
        "label": "Fortune - Facebook is building a huge wind-powered data center in Texas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-technology.com/projects/shannon-wind-farm-texas/",
        "label": "Power Technology - Shannon Wind Farm, Clay County, Texas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2015/07/07/reports-1b-facebook-data-center-project-underway-in-texas",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge — Reports: $1B Facebook Data Center Project Underway in Texas (2015)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Meta (Facebook) data center at 4500 Like Way, Fort Worth, Tarrant County (near TX-170 and Park Vista Blvd) — broke ground 2015, began serving traffic in 2017, on a ~200-acre campus, heavily expanded since (with an announced AI-driven expansion). DISTINCT from Meta's tracked El Paso, TX campus. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Like Way address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "Facebook/Meta signed a 2015 PPA for the 200 MW Shannon Wind Farm in Clay County, TX (~90 mi from the site) specifically to power the new Fort Worth data center; the project delivers via an Oncor Electric Delivery substation."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Fort Worth 20-yr real/personal-property tax grant + Tarrant County 10-yr abatement (up to 60% real/personal property, 40% Hospital District)",
        "amountUsd": 147000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Fort Worth / Tarrant County, TX",
        "year": "2015",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-gallatin-tn",
    "name": "Meta Gallatin Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3884,
      "lon": -86.4369,
      "city": "Gallatin",
      "county": "Sumner",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300,
      "operational": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "Meta announces Gallatin campus expansion"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Campus officially launched November 2024 with six facilities on 900 acres"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Gallatin Municipal Planning Commission grants permission for 135,000 sq ft tent-based GPU cluster facility; Meta building multi-billion-dollar GPU clusters in rapid deployment structures to accelerate AI capacity",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-brings-data-centers-in-tents-to-gallatin-tennessee/",
        "label": "Meta brings data centers in tents to Gallatin, Tennessee",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.weku.org/amsn/2025-11-25/tennessee-has-60-data-centers-nashville-probably-has-more-than-you-think",
        "label": "Tennessee has 60 data centers; Nashville probably has more than you think",
        "publisher": "WEKU / NPR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ttc.tml1.org/2024/11/15/meta-data-center-begins-operations-gallatin",
        "label": "Meta data center begins operations in Gallatin",
        "publisher": "Tennessee Municipal League",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pascalforgallatin.com/post/why-is-gallatin-giving-woolhawk-a-tax-break-when-they-are-considering-raising-our-property-taxes",
        "label": "Why is Gallatin giving Woolhawk a tax break?",
        "publisher": "Pascal for Gallatin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://w.media/meta-expands-gallatin-data-center-with-nearly-1b-total-investment/",
        "label": "Meta expands Gallatin data center — cooling & water approach",
        "publisher": "w.media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/11/gallatin-we-are-online/",
        "label": "Meta Data Centers blog — Gallatin, we are online!",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wpln.org/post/gallatin-offers-a-glimpse-at-hyperscale-data-center-experiences/",
        "label": "Gallatin offers a glimpse at hyperscale data center experiences",
        "publisher": "WPLN News (Nashville Public Radio)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Campus coordinates are city-centroid approximation for Gallatin, TN. Up to 12 data halls planned on 900+ acres per DPR Construction (general contractor). Meta is deploying AI GPU clusters in waterproof tent structures (rapid deployment structures) at this campus to accelerate capacity ahead of permanent building construction.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "TVA",
      "notes": "Third-party solar arrangement with TVA to match approximately 300 MW consumption; multiple PPAs including solar deals through TVA"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Direct air cooling (outside air + fan technology), no conventional AC units; \"use 80% less water than a typical data center\" (w.media). Goal of being water-positive by 2030. No site-specific MGD figure published."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Woolhawk LLC (Meta subsidiary) PILOT via the Gallatin Industrial Development Board — 20-year term plus construction; payments from $1M/yr (building 1) declining to $550K/yr (building 6), through an IDB land-leaseback mechanism",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Gallatin / Sumner County, TN",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "Tennessee data-center sales/use-tax exemption (statutory; qualified facilities ≥$100M investment and ≥15 jobs at 150% of state avg wage) — Meta eligible; site-specific value not publicly disclosed",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Tennessee"
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 900,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1100,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Construction peaked at an average of ~1,100 skilled-trade workers on site, and the facility supports \"over 100 operational jobs\" (a floor) — per the Tennessee Municipal League (Nov 2024). Meta has contributed more than $1M to local nonprofits, the county school system, Volunteer State Community College, and the chamber, plus a $250K grant to the Gallatin Shalom Zone; planted 30 acres of native pollinator habitat and partnered with the Tennessee Environmental Council on school pollinator gardens. LEED Gold; 100% renewable-matched. No public opposition found. Investment \"will exceed $1.5 billion once fully built out\" (forward-looking; not yet realized).",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-huntsville-al",
    "name": "Meta Huntsville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.726,
      "lon": -86.647,
      "city": "Huntsville",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2018",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "Meta (then Facebook) announces Huntsville campus; breaks ground on 970,000 sq ft facility"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Facility begins serving traffic"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-06",
        "note": "Two new buildings announced; campus to grow to 3.5 million sq ft"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-12",
        "note": "Construction paused on portion of campus for AI-optimized design change; no cancellation; campus remains operational",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/metas-huntsville-alabama-data-center-expansion-next-to-be-stopped-amid-ai-pivot/",
        "label": "Meta's Huntsville, Alabama, data center expansion next to be stopped amid AI pivot",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/meta-huntsville-campus",
        "label": "Meta Huntsville Campus Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://whnt.com/news/huntsville/facebook-parent-company-meta-invests-1-5-billion-in-huntsville-data-center/",
        "label": "Facebook parent company Meta invests $1.5 billion in Huntsville Data Center",
        "publisher": "WHNT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/huntsville-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta Huntsville Data Center info sheet (PDF)",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Address: 5400 Prosperity Dr NW, Huntsville, AL. Coordinates are approximate for Cummings Research Park area. Original 2.5M sq ft campus operational; expansion to 3.5M sq ft paused December 2022 for AI architecture redesign; Meta stated no intent to abandon site. Over 85 grants and $4.2M in sponsorships to Huntsville-area schools since 2019. Meta's stated investment rose to more than $1.5B with the June 2022 expansion (original 2018 build ~$750M); the 3.5M-sq-ft expansion was later paused for AI redesign, so the ultimately realized figure is uncertain. Alabama's standard data-center abatement (Chapter 9B) likely applies, but no dollar figure was found in public sources. STATUS RE-CHECK, NO CHANGE - operational is correct and the record's cited source is being misread. The 'expansion next to be stopped amid AI pivot' story dates from December 2022, not from the present, and what it describes is a TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION PAUSE OF A PORTION of the expansion pending a redesign - Meta explicitly did not cancel the project (unlike its Denmark site). The campus itself broke ground in 2018 and has been operating since 2021; Meta's current info sheet still describes operational buildings there. Operating campus and paused expansion phase are two different things, and this record tracks the campus. Recommend keeping status operational and recording the 2022 partial-expansion pause as statusHistory context rather than a status change. I found no source published after 2022 stating the paused portion has either resumed or been cancelled, so that phase's present state is genuinely unresolved.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "TVA",
      "notes": "PPAs include 377 MW solar through TVA (2018), 227 MW First Solar deal in Colbert County, AL, and 150 MW NextEra Energy in Lincoln County, TN"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Meta framed Huntsville as a 'natural fit'; since 2019 it has provided 85+ grants and $4.2M+ in sponsorships to area schools and STEM programs. No organized opposition found.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la",
    "name": "Meta Hyperion",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4442,
      "lon": -91.4906,
      "city": "Delhi vicinity",
      "county": "Richland",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (Entergy Louisiana) + planned renewables",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Announced as part of Meta's $65B 2025 capex plan; described as a 2-gigawatt AI data center campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Site preparation and construction underway",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/meta-build-ai-data-center-louisiana-2025-01-24/",
        "label": "Meta to build AI data center in Louisiana — Reuters",
        "publisher": "Reuters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/meta-selects-northeast-louisiana-as-site-of-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-optimized-data-center-governor-jeff-landry-calls-investment-a-new-chapter-for-state",
        "label": "Meta Selects Northeast Louisiana as Site of $10 Billion AI-Optimized Data Center",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/richland-parish-data-center/",
        "label": "Richland Parish Data Center",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/14/meta-data-center-tax-break-hyperion-louisiana/",
        "label": "Meta's $10 billion Louisiana data center is getting $3.3 billion in tax breaks",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-announces-a-new-agreement-with-meta-that-will-deliver-an-additional-2b-in-customer-savings",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana announces new agreement with Meta",
        "publisher": "Entergy Louisiana",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/rural-louisiana-meta-s-new-data-center-promises-growth-what-cost",
        "label": "In Rural Louisiana, Meta's New Data Center Promises Growth — But at What Cost?",
        "publisher": "Sierra Club",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-receives-lpsc-approval-for-major-infrastructure-investments-to-support-metas-data-center-and-improve-reliability",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana receives LPSC approval for major infrastructure investments to support Meta's data center",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lpscpubvalence.lpsc.louisiana.gov/portal/PSC/ViewFile?fileId=kt5JixLAYFY%3D",
        "label": "Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp, Entergy Louisiana (Project Evest), March 2026 — seven additional 754 MW CCCTs and 400 MW of battery storage",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2026/07/teachers-local-businesses-win-as-meta-expands-louisiana-data-center/",
        "label": "Teachers and Local Businesses Win as Meta Expands Louisiana Data Center",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "A second, larger Meta data center development at the same Richland Parish complex is in progress under the internal name 'Project Evest' (Evest LLC, a Meta subsidiary and Laidley affiliate), the subject of a new, not-yet-docketed LPSC certification application (Direct Testimony of Laura K. Beauchamp on behalf of Entergy Louisiana, filed March 2026, public-redacted version). The testimony states Evest 'seeks to develop adjacent to Laidley's data center in Richland Parish, Louisiana, that was the subject of the proceedings in LPSC Docket No. U-37425' (i.e., the already-tracked Hyperion project). To serve Evest, Entergy is seeking certification of seven new 754 MW 1x1 CCCT generators (four near the Richland Parish site, three sited near the existing Big Cajun site in Pointe Coupee Parish) plus battery storage co-located at the Bogalusa West Solar and Cypress Harvest Solar facilities -- on top of the three CCCTs (Franklin Farms 1&2, Waterford 5) already approved for Hyperion itself. Investigative coverage (The Lens, 2026-04-14) puts the combined Hyperion+Evest generation build at 10 new gas plants, 7,000+ MW, and $16B+ in new fossil-fuel infrastructure serving this one customer, and reports the underlying Entergy-Meta commercial agreements are not fully public. This is DISTINCT NEW information not yet reflected in the existing record's notes/community fields (which per the roster are already populated) -- flagging for maintainer review rather than as a field-merge, since 'community' on this record is locked (already has a value) and it is not yet certain whether Evest will ship as a second facility record or as an update to this one once its own docket number and site-specific coordinates are public.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "Entergy Louisiana is building new natural-gas combined-cycle generation (7+ units, 5,200+ MW) to serve the load, plus Meta committed up to 2,500 MW of new solar; Meta pledges to match total use with 100% clean and renewable energy. The gas buildout and its ratepayer impact are contested by advocates."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 5,
      "notes": "Sierra Club reporting states ~5 million gallons/day (~2 billion/year). Cooling type not disclosed in primary sources. Meta pledges 100% water restoration by 2030 via a 316-acre restoration project with Resource Environmental Solutions."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Louisiana Act 730 data center equipment sales/use tax exemption (20 years, state and local)",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 2250,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 5000,
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Local farmers and elected officials welcome road, hospital, and school investment; Sierra Club, ratepayer advocates, and The Lens raise concerns about the Entergy gas buildout's burden on customers, water use, and whether operational jobs go to locals. No documented litigation in Richland Parish.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-jeffersonville-in",
    "name": "Meta Jeffersonville Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.33,
      "lon": -85.715,
      "city": "Jeffersonville",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 407
    },
    "poweredBy": "Heirloom Solar Project (60 MWac, Pike County IN, Arevon Energy) + Solarpack solar projects (~210 MW combined)",
    "announcedDate": "2024-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Meta announces $800M AI-focused data center at River Ridge Commerce Center, Jeffersonville IN; first major Meta data center announcement of 2024; Meta's 22nd global datacenter",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "619-acre site development begins; expected operational 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/01/hello-jeffersonville/",
        "label": "Hello, Jeffersonville! - Meta Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-25/meta-building-new-800-million-ai-focused-data-center-in-indiana",
        "label": "Meta Building New $800 Million AI-Focused Data Center in Indiana",
        "publisher": "Bloomberg",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wave3.com/2025/10/05/jeffersonville-community-pushes-back-against-meta-data-center/",
        "label": "Jeffersonville community pushes back against Meta data center",
        "publisher": "WAVE 3 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.facilitiesdive.com/news/meta-solar-energy-indiana-data-center-operations/716453/",
        "label": "Facilities Dive - Meta to bring 210 MW of solar energy to Indiana",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-to-develop-data-center-campus-in-jeffersonville-indiana/",
        "label": "Meta to develop data center campus in Jeffersonville, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "River Ridge Commerce Center, Jeffersonville IN (Clark County, across Ohio River from Louisville KY). ~700,000 sq ft; AI-native design with liquid cooling from the start. Coordinates are approximate River Ridge Commerce Center area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Indiana",
      "notes": "Meta signed PPAs/EAPAs to support the Jeffersonville campus's 100% renewable commitment: a 60 MWac Environmental Attributes Purchase Agreement with Arevon Energy for the Heirloom Solar Project in Pike County (targeted Q3 2025), plus two Solarpack-developed Indiana solar projects totaling ~210 MW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Liquid-cooled hardware for AI workloads; community concern over potential use of up to 5 million gallons/day"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "35-year sales tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Indiana (IEDC)",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 619,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1250,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Community groups pushed back citing water supply burden (up to 5 million gallons/day estimated), energy cost impacts, and tax abatements while investment in local economy seen as insufficient. Wave3 News covered community opposition forum October 2025.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-kansas-city-northland-mo",
    "name": "Meta Kansas City Northland",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.247,
      "lon": -94.705,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Clay",
      "street": "Northwest corner of I-435 and US Highway 169, Kansas City, MO",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750
    },
    "poweredBy": "Evergy (100% renewable matched)",
    "announcedDate": "2022-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-03",
        "note": "Meta announces $800M+ data center campus at Golden Plains Technology Park (801 NW 128th St), northwest corner of I-435 and US-169 in KC Northland",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "Construction begins; averaged 1,500 skilled trade workers at peak"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Data center officially opens August 20, 2025; servers live and serving traffic",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/08/metas-kansas-city-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta's Kansas City Data Center and Upcoming AI-Optimized Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Meta Platforms",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2025-08-23/meta-kansas-city-data-center-northland",
        "label": "Meta opens $1 billion Kansas City data center",
        "publisher": "KCUR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.diodeventures.com/projects/gptp",
        "label": "Golden Plains Technology Park - Diode Ventures",
        "publisher": "Diode Ventures",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.diodeventures.com/insights/golden-plains-technology-park-is-online",
        "label": "Golden Plains Technology Park is Online - Diode Ventures",
        "publisher": "Diode Ventures",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://clerk.kcmo.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5140162&GUID=B4B56878-A985-43D7-A86E-1C499DF6EC99",
        "label": "Kansas City Ordinance 210841 - Golden Plains Technology Park Zone 3 preliminary plat",
        "publisher": "Kansas City, MO City Clerk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ingrams.com/article/kc-council-approval-could-deliver-8-2b-for-golden-plains-technology-park-project/",
        "label": "KC Council sets stage for $8.2 billion in Golden Plains Tech Park incentives",
        "publisher": "Ingram's",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Located at Golden Plains Technology Park (Diode Ventures development), 801 NW 128th Street, at the northwest corner of I-435 and US-169. Three data center buildings + warehouse, 1.4M sq ft total. Meta's first Missouri data center. Coordinates are approximate for the Golden Plains Technology Park area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Evergy",
      "notes": "100% electricity matched with renewable energy; LEED Gold certified; stormwater reuse saved 1M+ gallons of potable water during construction"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Chapter 100 industrial development bonds / PILOT — authorization ceiling $8.2B (a financing authorization, NOT an abatement value; the abatement is the PILOT relief the leaseback structure creates, which the cited sources do not itemize)",
        "jurisdiction": "Kansas City, MO",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 882,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1500,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Meta directed more than $1M to local schools and nonprofits since 2022; no reported community opposition; LEED Gold certified campus",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-kuna-id",
    "name": "Meta Kuna Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.491,
      "lon": -116.418,
      "city": "Kuna",
      "county": "Ada",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "100% renewable energy",
    "announcedDate": "2022-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-05",
        "note": "Project Peregrine: 485-acre site in Kuna, Ada County announced",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-09",
        "note": "Broke ground September 2022",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-10",
        "note": "Construction resumed after December 2022 pause; new AI-optimized design with denser GPU deployment support",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-resumes-construction-of-texas-and-idaho-data-centers-with-new-ai-design/",
        "label": "Meta Resumes Construction of Idaho Data Center with New AI Design",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/meta-hits-peak-construction-on-800m-idaho-data-center/70046",
        "label": "Meta Hits Peak Construction on $800M Idaho Data Center",
        "publisher": "Construction Equipment Guide",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://idahobusinessreview.com/2024/10/25/metas-mega-data-center-in-kuna-on-track-to-be-completed-by-2025/",
        "label": "Meta's Mega Data Center in Kuna On Track (completion later revised to 2026)",
        "publisher": "Idaho Business Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deseret.com/magazine/2026/03/04/idaho-data-centers-agriculture-water-future/",
        "label": "How data centers are reshaping Idaho's farm country",
        "publisher": "Deseret News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "960,000 sq ft campus (Meta's 15th US data center). Originally Project Peregrine. Construction paused December 2022, restarted October 2023 with AI-optimized architecture; new design 31% cheaper and half the build time. Peak construction employed 1,400 workers. Expected operational end of 2026. Water infrastructure cost sourced to CEG ($70M) but Idaho Business Review cites $100M — discrepancy unresolved; use CEG figure as primary. Coordinates are Kuna city centroid; exact site is west of city center. As of December 2025, the campus was in the \"final stages\" of construction; local reporting notes power demand will not be clear until the site comes online.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Idaho Power",
      "notes": "100% renewable energy committed; Meta adding 200 MW of renewable energy to Idaho grid as part of project"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 485,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1400,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Meta committed to build $70M water and sewer system donated to city of Kuna per Construction Equipment Guide (sourceIndex 1). Note: Idaho Business Review (sourceIndex 2) cites a '$100M water treatment facility' — figures may reflect different project phases or scopes. Idaho sales-tax exemption on construction materials and server equipment applies.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-lebanon-in",
    "name": "Meta Lebanon (Project Domino)",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.07,
      "lon": -86.45,
      "city": "Lebanon",
      "county": "Boone",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (100% renewable matching; 400+ MW new Indiana clean energy projects backed by Meta)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "Project known locally as Project Domino since November 2024 at LEAP Innovation and Research District, Lebanon IN",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Official groundbreaking February 11, 2026; $10B investment confirmed; 13-building campus (10 data center + logistics, network, admin); 1 GW capacity target; completion targeted late 2027–early 2028",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2026/02/metas-new-data-center-lebanon-indiana-marks-milestone-ai-investment/",
        "label": "Meta's New Data Center in Lebanon, Indiana Marks a Milestone AI Investment",
        "publisher": "Meta (about.fb.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/2026/02/11/details-on-long-expected-meta-data-center-campus-unveiled/",
        "label": "Details on long-expected Meta data center campus unveiled",
        "publisher": "Indiana Capital Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lebanon.in.gov/2026/02/11/meta-makes-lebanon-data-center-announcement-official/",
        "label": "Meta Makes Lebanon Data Center Announcement Official",
        "publisher": "City of Lebanon, IN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/meta-announces-plans-to-build-1-gigawatt-data-center-in-indiana-as-part-of-ai-build-out-180052467.html",
        "label": "Meta announces plans to build 1-gigawatt data center in Indiana as part of AI build-out",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "LEAP Innovation and Research District, Lebanon IN (Boone County, ~30 mi NW of Indianapolis). 1,500 acres, 4 million sq ft total; 13 buildings. Among Meta's largest single infrastructure investments. Coordinates are approximate LEAP District area north of Lebanon.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Meta backing 400+ MW of new Indiana renewable energy projects; LEED Gold certification targeted for all buildings"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Meta pledged 100% water restoration; 200 million gallons/year returned to Upper Wabash River Basin via Arable irrigation partnership with local farmers for 10 years"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "35-year data center sales tax exemption (IEDC)",
        "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 1500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 4000,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Meta committed $120M in local infrastructure improvements (roads, transmission, utilities); $1M/year for 20 years to Boone REMC Community Fund for energy cost assistance; partnership with Lebanon city on public works.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-los-lunas-ai-nm",
    "name": "Meta Los Lunas AI Expansion",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.8083,
      "lon": -106.7296,
      "city": "Los Lunas",
      "county": "Valencia",
      "street": "4250-4320 Messenger Loop NW",
      "postalCode": "87031",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2016-01",
        "note": "Original Los Lunas campus broke ground; now 7 buildings, 1.5M+ sq ft, 120MW+ operational"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Village Council approved IRB authorization for AI expansion; two new buildings announced as first in Meta's portfolio dedicated to AI and ML",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Construction started spring 2025; two-to-three year build timeline",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-planning-expansion-of-los-lunas-data-center-campus-in-new-mexico/",
        "label": "Meta planning expansion of Los Lunas data center campus in New Mexico",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.news-bulletin.com/news/los-lunas-meta-data-center-introduces-expansion-dedicated-to-artificial-intelligence/article_809a47fe-d366-11ef-b76e-470988820678.html",
        "label": "Los Lunas Meta Data Center introduces expansion dedicated to AI",
        "publisher": "News-Bulletin (Valencia County)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/new-mexico-utility-seeks-approval-of-hybrid-bess-offtake-contracts-to-power-meta-data-centres/",
        "label": "New Mexico utility seeks approval of hybrid BESS offtake contracts to power Meta data centres",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/similar-to-los-alamos-in-1940s-los-lunas-getting-transformed-by-tech/article_d2a3ca02-4f80-49b6-8af2-e2da8bc378e9.html",
        "label": "Similar to Los Alamos in 1940s, Los Lunas getting transformed by tech",
        "publisher": "The Santa Fe New Mexican",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mmcginvest.com/post/the-desert-becomes-a-data-center-meta-s-3-3-billion-bet-on-los-lunas-new-mexico",
        "label": "The Desert Becomes a Data Center: Meta's $3.3 Billion Bet on Los Lunas, New Mexico",
        "publisher": "MMCG Invest (investment-analysis blog, not a primary operator/government source -- treat address and figures as reported, corroborate before treating as confirmed)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/desri-and-tierra-adentro-growth-capital-announce-start-of-construction-on-foxtail-flats-and-four-mile-mesa-solar-and-storage-projects-in-san-juan-county-nm-302781926.html",
        "label": "DESRI and Tierra Adentro Growth Capital announce start of construction on Foxtail Flats and Four Mile Mesa solar and storage projects in San Juan County, NM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / DESRI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Reported as the first Meta facilities explicitly dedicated to AI/ML workloads. Existing campus is 750 acres. IRBs authorize tax-exempt bond financing for construction materials — the $7.5B per series is the authorized principal ceiling, not a direct cash subsidy. Meta required to invest $350M into expansion by year 10 under agreement. Operating entity: Greater Kudu LLC.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "Meta has invested in 885MW+ of renewable energy capacity in NM; PNM seeking regulatory approval for three additional solar+storage projects (Star Light, Windy Lane, Four Mile) to serve Phase 3 power demand"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "reportedMgd": 1.5,
      "notes": "Existing campus is in water-stressed Middle Rio Grande basin; specific cooling type for new AI buildings not disclosed in available sources"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Industrial Revenue Bonds (IRBs) — third series",
        "jurisdiction": "Village of Los Lunas, NM",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 750,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Village officials credit the campus with $145 million in gross receipts tax revenue since construction began in 2016 and with 15% population growth between 2020 and 2024, and the Village Council approved industrial revenue bonds for the AI expansion; local scrutiny centres on the campus's electricity and water consumption.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-mesa-az",
    "name": "Meta Mesa Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3375358,
      "lon": -111.6355386,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "poweredBy": "Eleven Mile Solar Center (300 MW + 300 MW/4hr battery, Pinal County) + West Line Solar (50 MW allocation, Eloy) + Brittlebush Solar (Coolidge) via SRP",
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Came online 2025 (land acquired 2021 via 'Redale LLC'); redesigned for AI workloads during construction per baxtel; $1B+ Arizona investment per Meta.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/01/mesa-we-are-online/",
        "label": "Mesa, we are online! — Meta's Mesa data center serving traffic (Jan 2025), $1B+ in Arizona",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/meta-mesa-az-campus",
        "label": "Meta Mesa, AZ Campus — came online 2025, redesigned for AI workloads, ~396 acres",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://media.srpnet.com/meta-teams-up-with-srp-and-rsted-to-support-data-center-with-clean-energy-from-new-solar-and-battery--project/",
        "label": "SRP - Meta Teams Up with SRP and Ørsted to Support Data Center with Clean Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/mesa-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta Data Centers — Meta Mesa Data Center info sheet (Meta's own newsroom)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aztechcouncil.org/meta-expands-plans-for-proposed-large-scale-mesa-data-center/",
        "label": "Arizona Technology Council — Meta expands plans for proposed large-scale Mesa data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://legistar1.granicus.com/Mesa/attachments/7e390610-b558-426d-aa10-c7aa2825530d.doc",
        "label": "City of Mesa Council Report, file 21-0552 (17 May 2021) — Development Agreement and Sustainable Water Service Agreement with Redale LLC for ~396 acres; Water Allowance rising to 1,400 acre-feet/year at Phase 3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Meta data center at 3841 S Ellsworth Rd in the Elliot Road Technology Corridor, Mesa, Maricopa County — land acquired 2021 (shell entity 'Redale LLC'), came online in 2025, and was redesigned for AI workloads during construction (baxtel). Meta states 'more than $1 billion' invested in Arizona. No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the disclosed Ellsworth Rd address; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)",
      "notes": "Meta partnered with SRP and Ørsted for a portfolio of solar-plus-battery projects to reach 100% renewable for the Mesa data center: majority offtake of the 300 MW Eleven Mile Solar Center (Pinal County), a 50 MW allocation from the 100 MW West Line Solar Facility (Eloy)."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Meta has not named the cooling technology for Mesa. Its community development manager for the campus said that 'for more than half the year we can take air from outside to help cool our servers in lieu of continual water use', and that water is recycled several times before discharge to the municipality. The City of Mesa Sustainable Water Service Agreement provides a Water Allowance rising from 550 acre-feet/year at Phase 1 to 1,400 acre-feet/year at Phase 3. Meta's fleet-wide description of newer direct-to-chip closed-loop designs does not apply to this site, which broke ground in 2021."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 396,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-middleton-township-oh",
    "name": "Meta Bowling Green (Project Accordion)",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.432,
      "lon": -83.701,
      "city": "Bowling Green",
      "county": "Wood",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (100% renewable energy matching; Toledo Edison/FirstEnergy utility) plus 350 MW on-site gas generation (Will-Power Apollo facility, OPSB approved Feb 3, 2026)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Project known locally as Project Accordion via shell company Liames LLC; Fortune 200 company not yet named"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Meta publicly announced April 9, 2025 at Bowling Green State University press conference; construction already underway at announcement; target opening 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-to-develop-data-center-campus-outside-toledo-ohio/",
        "label": "Meta to develop data center campus outside Toledo, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/04/hello-bowling-green/",
        "label": "Hello, Bowling Green! - Meta Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/ohio-data-center-gas-plant-sparks-backlash",
        "label": "Ohio Data Center Expansion Faces Opposition Over New 350 MW Gas Plant Approval",
        "publisher": "Construction Owners Association of America",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opsb.ohio.gov/news/opsb-authorizes-construction-of-wood-county-power-plant",
        "label": "OPSB authorizes construction of Wood County power plant",
        "publisher": "Ohio Power Siting Board",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "715,000 sq ft facility on State Route 582 between SR-25 and I-75, Middleton Township, Wood County OH. Meta's 28th global and 2nd Ohio data center. The Apollo gas plant (OPSB Case No. 25-973-EL-BGN) operates behind-the-meter serving Liames LLC (Meta shell company); not grid-connected. Full capacity from Apollo expected late 2027. Coordinates are approximate Middleton Township centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Toledo Edison",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 350,
      "notes": "100% renewable energy matching committed for grid-drawn power (Toledo Edison/FirstEnergy). Will-Power OH LLC (subsidiary of The Williams Companies) constructing 350 MW Apollo behind-the-meter gas facility adjacent to data center campus; OPSB approved February 3, 2026 (Case No. 25-973-EL-BGN) via fast-track Letter of Notification process — no public hearing held. Plant includes ~120 MW battery energy storage. Not grid-connected. Wood County holds C ozone rating (American Lung Association)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Community Reinvestment Area 75% property tax abatement",
        "jurisdiction": "Wood County, OH",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 280,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Ohio Power Siting Board fast-tracked approval (Feb 3, 2026) of 350 MW Will-Power Apollo on-site gas plant with no public hearings; residents and environmental advocates raised air quality concerns in Wood County (C ozone rating). Two residences lie within 1,000 feet of planned generating equipment. Plant projected to emit over 2.4 million tons of CO2 annually.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-montgomery-al",
    "name": "Meta Montgomery Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.185,
      "lon": -86.273,
      "city": "Montgomery",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-05",
        "note": "Governor Ivey announces Meta's $800M, 715,000 sq ft AI-optimized data center off I-65 in Montgomery",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-05",
        "note": "Phase 1 groundbreaking; 1,000+ construction workers at peak"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Meta expands campus to 1.3M sq ft with two additional buildings; total investment grows to $1.5B",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governor.alabama.gov/newsroom/2024/05/governor-ivey-announces-meta-plans-to-build-800-million-next-generation-data-center-in-montgomery/",
        "label": "Governor Ivey Announces Meta Plans to Build $800 Million Data Center in Montgomery",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor, Alabama",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alreporter.com/2025/09/24/meta-to-expand-montgomery-data-center-upping-local-investments-to-1-5-billion/",
        "label": "Meta to expand Montgomery data center, upping local investments to $1.5 billion",
        "publisher": "Alabama Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/09/montgomery-were-growing/",
        "label": "Montgomery, we're growing!",
        "publisher": "Meta Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Located off I-65 in southern Montgomery County across from Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama (HMMA) plant (Hope Hull area, approximately I-65 Exit 164). Coordinates corrected to approximate HMMA corridor (~32.185 N, ~86.273 W); original record used central Montgomery city coordinates (32.362, -86.301) which are approximately 13 miles north of the Hyundai plant area. Originally announced as $800M, expanded September 2025 to $1.5B with 1.3M sq ft footprint. Expected online end of 2026. Meta's 24th global data hub and 20th in the US. CONFIRMED ABSENCE, STATEWIDE - explains why subsidies is empty on all seven Alabama records, not just this one. Alabama's Data Processing Center incentive program has no per-company reporting requirement, and neither the state nor its agencies publish which data center operators receive abatements or in what amount. Meta is named as a beneficiary of the sales-tax exemption but no dollar figure attaches to it. This is a DISCLOSURE GAP, not a GASB 77 audited negative: I did not obtain any municipal ACFR tax-abatement note this run, so it does not establish that a particular city has no agreement with a particular operator. Any future subsidies entry for an Alabama site will most likely have to come from a city or county resolution rather than from a state source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "100% renewable energy commitment; LEED Gold certification targeted; net zero emissions goal"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Governor Ivey and city officials active supporters. Meta donated to Montgomery Public Schools for STEM/robotics programs and co-sponsored CampIT 2025 for 300 students.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-prineville-or",
    "name": "Meta Prineville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.3042,
      "lon": -120.8515,
      "city": "Prineville",
      "county": "Crook",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 400
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (PacifiCorp) + wind PPA",
    "announcedDate": "2010",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2010",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2011",
        "note": "Meta's first company-owned data center; campus expanded with multiple buildings through 2023",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Data_centers",
        "label": "Meta Platforms data centers — Wikipedia",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sustainability.fb.com/report/2023-sustainability-report/",
        "label": "Meta 2023 Sustainability Report",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/prineville-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta's Prineville Data Center (fact sheet)",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bendbulletin.com/2024/05/09/prineville-doubles-down-on-water-conservation-with-tech-giant-backed-project/",
        "label": "Prineville doubles down on water conservation with tech giant-backed project — The Bulletin",
        "publisher": "The Bulletin (Bend, OR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bendsource.com/news/localnews/prineville-wants-more-out-of-its-next-data-center-deal/",
        "label": "Prineville Wants More Out of Its Next Data Center Deal — The Source Weekly",
        "publisher": "The Source Weekly (Bend, OR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11430439/facebook-unveils-major-data-center-campus-expansion-in-prineville",
        "label": "Facebook Unveils Major Data Center Campus Expansion in Prineville — Data Center Frontier",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/prineville-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta's Prineville Data Center info sheet (current URL for the Prineville fact sheet)",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Pacific Power (PacifiCorp)",
      "notes": "100% renewable match via PPAs and RECs; Meta contracted 437 MW of new Oregon solar, including about 100 MW in the Prineville area. 2023 average PUE 1.08; no on-site generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Outdoor-air economizer cooling with evaporative assist on peak days. Annual withdrawal was ~68.4M gallons (2022), down from a ~117.5M-gallon peak (2020); use concentrates on roughly 10 hot summer days (about 10% of city consumption on those days). Meta co-funded a second aquifer storage-and-recovery injection well."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Oregon Long-Term Rural Enterprise Zone — 15-year property-tax abatement across multiple building phases since 2012 (per-company cumulative total not publicly disclosed)",
        "jurisdiction": "Crook County / Prineville, OR",
        "year": "2012",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 240,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Broadly supportive — credited with reversing post-recession unemployment; city franchise fees from data-center power grew from ~$430K (2011) to ~$11M/year (2024). But Crook County schools forgo tens of millions per year in abated taxes, biologists have flagged aquifer-drawdown concerns, and in 2026 Oregon moved to pause data-center enterprise-zone exemptions for new applicants. A June 2026 contractor change cut 66 logistics jobs (Meta said most would be rehired).",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-project-klondike-piqua-oh",
    "name": "Project Klondike",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.103974,
      "lon": -84.259053,
      "city": "Piqua",
      "county": "Miami",
      "street": "Farrington Road & N County Road 25A, Piqua I-75 Business and Industrial Park",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Approved November 2025 via emergency resolution under NDA; two 350,000 sq ft buildings on 607 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hntrbrk.com/meta-data-centers/",
        "label": "Meta data centers investigation",
        "publisher": "Hunterbrook",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-project-coming-to-piqua-ohio/",
        "label": "Data center project coming to Piqua, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stopohiodatacenters.org/miami-county",
        "label": "Miami County: Project Klondike Meta Data Center",
        "publisher": "stopohiodatacenters.org",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Two 350,000 sq ft buildings on 607 acres, approved November 2025 under NDA via emergency resolution. Meta's identity confirmed by a Hunterbrook investigation (Nevada filing traced to Meta HQ address and an ex-Meta counsel as manager). Drew a petition with over 2,500 signatures in opposition. Via shell entity J5 LLC.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "AES Ohio"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "15-year, 100% tax exemption on building-improvement valuation increase",
        "jurisdiction": "Piqua, OH / Miami County",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "30-year, 100% real property tax exemption (PILOT/TIF)",
        "jurisdiction": "Piqua, OH / Miami County",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 607,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Approved Nov 2025 (emergency resolution under NDA) but drew an opposition petition with 2,500+ signatures."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "Meta Prometheus",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.092,
      "lon": -82.836,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Nuclear PPAs reportedly with Vistra (Ohio plants) and Oklo (Pike County campus); TerraPower PPA reported but not independently confirmed; on-site gas generation referenced in state permit filings",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Meta publicly confirms Prometheus at New Albany; described as world's first planned 1 GW data center; expected operational 2026. Baxtel (July 2026) reports some phases already operational with future phases planned — overall 1 GW build-out still under construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2025/11/13/meta-gigawatt-data-center-new-albany-",
        "label": "World's first gigawatt-scale data center coming to Ohio",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/new-albany/meta-will-use-nuclear-power-for-its-new-albany-a-i-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta will use nuclear power for its New Albany A.I. data center",
        "publisher": "NBC4 WCMH-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/meta-prometheus-campus",
        "label": "Meta: Prometheus Campus Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalohio.org/ohio-committed-at-least-2-3-billion-dollars-in-sales-tax-breaks-for-data-centers/",
        "label": "Ohio has committed at least $2.3 billion in tax breaks for data centers",
        "publisher": "Signal Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sciotopost.com/ohio-regulators-approve-250-megawatt-power-plant-to-fuel-new-albany-meta-data-center/",
        "label": "Ohio regulators approve 250-megawatt power plant to fuel New Albany Meta data center",
        "publisher": "Scioto Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Baxtel reports campus as partially operational in 2026 with future phases planned; overall 1 GW build-out still in progress. Site address 1500 Beech Rd NW cited in permit filings but not confirmed from independently accessible sources this session. Nuclear PPA claims partially corroborated (Vistra/Oklo via SEC filings and news; TerraPower unconfirmed). On-site gas generation capacity removed pending accessible source confirmation. County listed as Licking — consistent with Beech Road corridor at Licking/Franklin county boundary per stopohiodatacenters.org. OPSB approved a 250 MW behind-the-meter gas plant (\"Socrates the Younger,\" Will-Power OH, LLC) on 109 acres at Clover Valley Rd & Harrison Rd NW, New Albany, with the primary consumer named as Sidecat LLC, a Meta affiliate — corroborating the on-site generation previously removed pending an accessible source, and revising the figure from an unconfirmed 200 MW to 250 MW. This is the plant's nameplate generation, not IT load; the record's capacityMw (1,000 MW planned) is unchanged.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Nuclear PPAs with Vistra (Ohio nuclear plants) and Oklo (1.2 GW Pike County campus) reported and partially corroborated by SEC filings and news; TerraPower PPA referenced in NBC4i (403 on access this session) but not found in any independently accessible source — treat as unconfirmed. On-site gas generation mentioned in state permit filings per record notes; 200 MW figure and 20-acre power yard not independently confirmed from accessible public sources and removed from this record."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio Computer Data Center sales-and-use tax exemption (via Meta operating entity Sidecat LLC); reported ~$600M over roughly 40 years",
        "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
        "year": "2017",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "New Albany City Council granted 15-year property tax abatement; nearby business owners voiced concern over frequent power outages. Broader New Albany data center tax-break policy contested by state legislators.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-rosemount-mn",
    "name": "Meta Rosemount Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.74,
      "lon": -93.115,
      "city": "Rosemount",
      "county": "Dakota",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "poweredBy": "Xcel Energy (100% renewable)",
    "announcedDate": "2024-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "Governor Walz announced Meta's $800M, 715,000 sq ft data center on 280 acres of UMore Park (purchased from University of Minnesota); internal project name 'Project Bigfoot'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Construction underway; LEED Gold certification and operational status targeted 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/03/hello-rosemount/",
        "label": "Hello, Rosemount! — Meta Data Centers blog",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tcbmag.com/meta-picks-rosemount-for-800m-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta Picks Rosemount for $800M Data Center",
        "publisher": "Twin Cities Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mn.gov/deed/newscenter/press-releases/?id=1045-614051",
        "label": "Governor Walz Announces Meta Will Build New Data Center in Rosemount — MN DEED",
        "publisher": "Minnesota DEED",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-buys-more-land-in-rosemount-minnesota-for-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Meta buys more land in Rosemount, Minnesota, for data center project",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.startribune.com/700m-meta-data-center-in-rosemount-can-move-ahead-after-key-approval/600311735",
        "label": "$700M Meta data center in Rosemount can move ahead after key approval",
        "publisher": "Star Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/minnesota/minnesotas-first-hyperscale-data-center-nearing-completion-in-rosemount",
        "label": "Minnesota's first hyperscale data center nearing completion in Rosemount",
        "publisher": "InForum",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mn.gov/governor/newsroom/press-releases/?id=1055-614120",
        "label": "Governor Walz Announces Meta Will Build New Data Center in Rosemount",
        "publisher": "Office of Governor Tim Walz",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Site is 280 acres of UMore Park (former WWII smokeless powder facility, then Univ. of Minnesota agricultural research land) in Rosemount. Meta's 19th US data center. Coordinates approximate for northern UMore Park area. Additional parcels purchased Feb 2025 via Jimnist LLC for potential expansion; no current build plan on those parcels.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy",
      "notes": "Powered by 100% renewable energy via Xcel Energy; Meta working with partners to add new renewable resources to the grid"
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "A company representative described typical water use for a facility like this as roughly 10 million gallons a year — compared to a car wash, a small apartment building, or a McDonald's. This is an informal comparison quoted in coverage, not a permitted/reported figure, so no reportedMgd value is asserted."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 800000000,
    "landAcres": 280,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Governor Walz, Dakota County, City of Rosemount, and University of Minnesota all publicly endorsed the project. Meta also buying additional adjacent parcels (via Jimnist LLC) for potential future phases.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-sarpy-springfield-ne",
    "name": "Meta Sarpy Campus (Springfield expansion)",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.052,
      "lon": -96.148,
      "city": "Springfield",
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019",
        "note": "Initial campus buildings become operational in Papillion/Sarpy County"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-07",
        "note": "Meta announces 9-building, 4 million sq ft expansion; acquires 500+ acres in Springfield south of Papillion campus; Springfield completion targeted end 2024 per 2022 announcement",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-to-expand-sarpy-data-center-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "Meta to expand Sarpy data center in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/nebraska/papillion/meta-sarpy-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta Sarpy Campus Data Center in Papillion",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/sarpy-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta's Sarpy Data Center (site info sheet)",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/sarpy-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta Sarpy Data Center info sheet (current live version)",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/facebook-google-data-centers-among-newest-additions-to-urbanizing-nebraska-farmland/",
        "label": "Facebook, Google data centers among latest developments transforming Nebraska farmland",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Campus spans Papillion and Springfield, Sarpy County. Existing multi-building campus operational since 2019; ongoing expansion toward a 9-building, 4-million-sq-ft footprint. Meta has invested more than $1.5B at this site since 2017 (confirmed by DCD and multiple sources; a $2.5B total figure appeared in the record but was not supported by any cited source). Planned MW capacity of 2,000 was removed — no source confirms a MW figure for this campus. Springfield buildings were targeted for completion by end 2024; operational status of those buildings as of mid-2026 should be verified against a current source. Coordinates approximate for the Springfield expansion area; original Papillion buildings are slightly northeast.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District (OPPD)",
      "notes": "Meta matches 100% of electricity use with renewable energy across all data centers"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.073,
      "notes": "Existing campus buildings withdraw approximately 26.7 million gallons per year (0.073 MGD) for cooling; campus features water-efficient technologies. Water figure is for current operational buildings, not the full planned campus."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1300,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Genuinely mixed, named reception in Sarpy County over the broader Meta campus (Springfield expansion is part of the same campus). Supportive: Greater Omaha Chamber's Mark Norman and Sarpy County Commissioner Don Kelly frame the growth as natural/inevitable. Critical: farmland owner Deborah Bowman said she did not want to sell to Facebook ('That was absolutely the last thing I wanted done'); nearby homeowner Jane Amerine says county officials favor development over residents and cites Sarpy County's >10% farmland loss over the past decade vs. 0.2% in neighboring Washington County. No formal hearing/vote record found for the Springfield building specifically -- checked a regional-journalism piece on the broader farmland-to-data-center trend.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-stanton-springs-newton-ga",
    "name": "Meta Newton Data Center (Stanton Springs)",
    "operator": "Meta Platforms",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6551,
      "lon": -83.7182,
      "city": "Social Circle",
      "county": "Newton",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021-03-14",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-03-14",
        "note": "Meta's own data center site describes the Newton County (Stanton Springs) facility as built, at 970,000 sq ft.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2021/03/hello-georgia/",
        "label": "Hello, Georgia! — Meta Data Centers (Newton County / Stanton Springs)",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "970,000 sq ft as described by Meta. Single operator-primary source this session, so confidence is 'reported' rather than 'confirmed'; the campus has since been reported as expanded, but no expansion figure is asserted here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Walton Electric Membership Corporation",
      "notes": "Meta partnered with Walton EMC to bring hundreds of MW of new Georgia solar onto the grid and committed to matching the site with 100% clean and renewable energy."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "meta-temple-tx",
    "name": "Meta Temple Data Center",
    "operator": "Meta",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.1399225,
      "lon": -97.3812992,
      "city": "Temple",
      "county": "Bell",
      "street": "3101 Industrial Blvd",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 152
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-04",
        "note": "JE Dunn began construction of the three-building, 386-acre campus in April 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-22",
        "note": "Meta brought the campus online as its first AI-optimised data center in the United States.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/07/22/meta-goes-live-temple-with-12-billion-ai-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta goes live in Temple with $1.2 billion AI data center",
        "publisher": "KWTX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://jedunn.com/projects/meta-temple-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta Temple Data Center — project page (general contractor)",
        "publisher": "JE Dunn Construction",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Three-building greenfield campus of more than 750,000 sq ft of data center and administrative space. JE Dunn lists the project status as completed. Meta reported $1.7m in direct funding to Bell County schools and nonprofits, including a $400,000 grant announced at the opening.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Meta says all energy use at the facility is matched with 100% clean and renewable energy; the company states its supported projects are adding 9,000 MW of new clean and renewable generation across Texas."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Dry-cooling design that minimises water use. Meta reports $8m invested in local water and wastewater infrastructure and support for a regional restoration project targeting 5.2 million gallons returned to the local watershed annually by 2030."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 386,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "metered-mining-hammond-wi",
    "name": "Metered Mining Hammond Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Metered Mining",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.9639,
      "lon": -92.4467,
      "city": "Hammond",
      "county": "St. Croix",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Village Board voted 5-0 to deny the conditional use permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Board of Appeals reversed the village board's denial and approved the conditional use permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hudsonstarobserver.com/metered-mining-proposing-a-data-center-in-hammond-gets-its-conditional-use-permit-after-all/article_9c703e0b-1eb8-4e48-91d3-f422f5cdeef1.html",
        "label": "To build data center in Hammond, Metered Mining receives conditional use permit after all",
        "publisher": "Hudson Star-Observer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hudsonstarobserver.com/news/hammond-village-board-files-injunction-challenging-conditional-use-permit-for-data-center/article_bc710fcb-c290-43de-8398-219aede57ee2.html",
        "label": "Hammond Village Board agrees to file injunction challenging conditional use permit for data center",
        "publisher": "Hudson Star-Observer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.baldwin-bulletin.com/news/board-of-appeals-approves-proposed-data-center-in-hammond/article_65becdf0-7f44-42eb-a268-0352836b7765.html",
        "label": "Board of Appeals approves proposed data center in Hammond",
        "publisher": "Baldwin Bulletin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Six-megawatt bitcoin-mining hosting facility sited in Hammond's industrial park, adjacent to the U.S. Army Reserve Center (1935 Engineer Way) and near Guy Metals, on a two-acre parcel owned by St. Croix Electric. As of retrieval (2026-09-10) the Village Board's injunction challenging the Board of Appeals' permit approval was pending in St. Croix County court; the permit remains formally in effect. St. Croix County's own countywide data-center moratorium (adopted 2026-09-01) does not reach this site because it is inside the incorporated Village of Hammond.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Hammond Village Board voted 5-0 to deny Metered Mining's conditional use permit on 2026-05-11. The Village Board of Appeals reversed that denial and approved the permit on 2026-06-08 after the applicant's attorney warned of a writ-of-certiorari action if the board did not decide within minutes ('The judge isn't going to kick it back here and say: come up with conditions... Village of Hammond, you're ordered to issue a conditional use permit.' -- Village Attorney Paul Mahler, recounting the warning). The Village Board then voted 6-0 on 2026-07-07 to direct its attorney to seek a court injunction against its own Board of Appeals, arguing the approval was made under duress. Residents cited noise and water-contamination concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "metlife-north-greenbush-ny",
    "name": "MetLife Information Systems Computer Center, North Greenbush",
    "operator": "MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6841786,
      "lon": -73.696422,
      "city": "North Greenbush",
      "county": "Rensselaer",
      "street": "500 Jordan Road",
      "postalCode": "12180",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1992",
        "note": "MetLife purchased the Rensselaer Technology Park site in 1992 and has operated the ~200,000 sq ft information systems computer center there since.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/metlife-troy-ny",
        "label": "MetLife: Troy, NY data center — 500 Jordan Rd, North Greenbush (Rensselaer Technology Park), 200,000 sq ft",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.discoverrensselaer.com/projects-2/",
        "label": "Rensselaer County IDA/CRC Projects & Applications — Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and MetLife Services and Solutions, 500 Jordan Road, Town of North Greenbush",
        "publisher": "Rensselaer County Industrial Development Agency",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=500+Jordan+Road%2C+Troy%2C+NY+12180&format=json&limit=3&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim: building named \"MetLife\", 500 Jordan Road, Rensselaer Technology Park, North Greenbush NY (OSM way 82789674)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Roughly 200,000 sq ft, operated by MetLife since 1992 as an information systems computer center and disaster-recovery site. investmentUsd records the $288 million upgrade project (roof/parking, mechanical, electrical and HVAC replacement plus mainframe, server and peripheral equipment) that the Rensselaer County IDA granted approximately $22 million of tax exemptions for — it is NOT the original construction cost, and the IDA project is not expected to create new jobs. Electrical capacity and water use are not published.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Rensselaer County IDA financial assistance for facility and computer-equipment upgrades",
        "amountUsd": 22000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Rensselaer County, NY",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 288000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 28,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "metro-edge-imd1-chicago-il",
    "name": "Metro Edge IMD1",
    "operator": "Metro Edge Development Partners",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8639696,
      "lon": -87.6749686,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "1951 W Hastings St",
      "postalCode": "60608",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 53
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-09-22",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "75-year ground lease executed on the Illinois Medical District parcel and planning/permitting begun; a 2023 state Data Center Investment Program MOU is on record.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://medp.io/news/metro-edge-development-partners-secures-land-in-chicago-for-21mw-data-center",
        "label": "Metro Edge Development Partners Secures Land in Chicago for 21MW Data Center",
        "publisher": "Metro Edge Development Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://medp.io/projects/",
        "label": "Metro Edge projects — IMD1 data center",
        "publisher": "Metro Edge Development Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (MEDP Mission Critical Facility, LLC dba Metro Edge, Chicago, 2023 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Operator's current project page states \"4 story, 174,900 SF\" and \"53 MW in total power from ComEd, 28 MW initial phase\"; the 2022 announcement described a 21MW five-storey building, so the design grew. Status is the weakest link here — neither operator page states a live date, and confidence is set to reported accordingly. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 16070247,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 1.97,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "metrobloks-liberty-mo",
    "name": "Metrobloks Liberty Campus",
    "operator": "Metrobloks",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2459,
      "lon": -94.4191,
      "city": "Liberty",
      "county": "Clay",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Metrobloks announced a $1.4B, 150 MW AI-ready campus in Liberty, Clay County",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.metrobloks.com/press-release/metrobloks-announces-data-center-investment-in-liberty-missouri",
        "label": "Metrobloks announces data center investment in Liberty, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Metrobloks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/liberty-officials-approve-1-4-billion-in-bonds-and-tax-abatements-for-new-metrobloks-data-center",
        "label": "KSHB (Kansas City)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "$1.4B, 150 MW AI-ready campus in Liberty, Clay County. Coordinates are the Liberty area centroid. Partner: Lincoln Property Company.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Liberty city council approved $1.4B in bonds and ~$202.7M in tax abatements over 25 years for Metrobloks (vote reported March 2026) over documented resident opposition about land use, foregone taxes, and the adjacent neighborhood's cost-benefit.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "metrobloks-martindale-brightwood-indianapolis-in",
    "name": "Metrobloks Martindale-Brightwood Data Center",
    "operator": "Metrobloks",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7975,
      "lon": -86.1197,
      "city": "Indianapolis",
      "county": "Marion",
      "street": "2505 N. Sherman Ave.",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-01",
        "note": "Indianapolis Metropolitan Development Commission approved the rezoning 6-2.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/metrobloks-pitches-500m-data-center-in-indianapolis-indiana/",
        "label": "Metrobloks pitches $500m data center in Indianapolis, Indiana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-04-01/controversial-data-center-is-approved-for-martindale-brightwood",
        "label": "Controversial data center is approved for Martindale-Brightwood",
        "publisher": "WFYI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/metrobloks-500-million-data-center-approved-despite-neighborhood-concerns",
        "label": "Metrobloks' $500 million data center approved despite neighborhood concerns",
        "publisher": "WRTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.theindianalawyer.com/articles/martindale-brightwood-residents-cite-environmental-concerns-in-suit-against-data-center-plan",
        "label": "Martindale-Brightwood residents cite environmental concerns in suit against data center plan",
        "publisher": "The Indiana Lawyer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-05-04/metrobloks-data-center-gets-final-approval-for-martindale-brightwood",
        "label": "Indianapolis council approves data center for Martindale-Brightwood",
        "publisher": "WFYI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "$500M (two phases; first ~$150M), 75 MW data center on the 14-acre former Sherman Drive-In site at 2505 N Sherman Dr, Indianapolis. ~168,000 sq ft with 36 backup generators. MDC approved rezoning 6-2 on 2026-04-01. Coordinates approximate from the cited street address (pending parcel-precise geocode).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AES Indiana",
      "notes": "Electricity supplied by AES Indiana under contract rather than off the residential grid supply."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling: roughly 19,000 gallons for the first building and 47,500 gallons for the second, added once during construction and then continuously recirculated rather than consumed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 14,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Six months of Martindale-Brightwood resident opposition; residents filed suit citing environmental concerns after the April 1, 2026 rezoning approval.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "metrobloks-mia-a1-miami-fl",
    "name": "Metrobloks MIA-A1 (MB01)",
    "operator": "Metrobloks",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.79,
      "lon": -80.41,
      "city": "Miami",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "500 NW 137th Avenue",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 15.2
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Metrobloks (Los Angeles-based) closed on 4.05 acres in Miami's Airport West submarket (seller: Sagard Real Estate; buyer broker: Cushman & Wakefield; seller broker: Transwestern) to build a 15.2 MW AI-ready data center; targeting operations by end of 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.metrobloks.com/press-release/metrobloks-acquires-land-in-miami-fl-to-build-15-2mw-ai-ready-data-center",
        "label": "Metrobloks acquires land in Miami, FL to build 15.2MW AI-ready data center",
        "publisher": "Metrobloks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.metrobloks.com/sites/mia-mb01",
        "label": "MIA A1 (MB01) site page",
        "publisher": "Metrobloks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/united-states/news/2025/04/represents-metrobloks-in-acquisition-of-developable-land-in-miami",
        "label": "Cushman & Wakefield represents Metrobloks in acquisition of developable land in Miami",
        "publisher": "Cushman & Wakefield",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "500 NW 137th Avenue, Miami-Dade County (Airport West submarket, near Miami International Airport). Land acquisition closed March 31, 2025; targeting operations by end of 2026, but no permit or construction-start source located -- recorded proposed, not under_construction. Capacity is disputed between the operator's own two pages: 15.2 MW at the press-release/land-acquisition stage (independently corroborated by Cushman & Wakefield) vs. 16.8 MW critical IT on the current site page, which separately claims ~40,500 sq ft of total whitespace across two 15,200 sq ft halls (an internal arithmetic inconsistency on the operator's own page). Recorded the better-corroborated 15.2 MW figure. The operator's site page states ~21ms round-trip latency to the NAP of the Americas and Uptime Tier III design intent with liquid cooling to 150kW/rack; no confirmed total-building square footage, investment figure, or jobs figure located -- omitted per project convention rather than using unconfirmed numbers. No opposition/permit coverage found this session; Airport West is a commercial/industrial submarket. Coordinates are an approximate Airport West-area estimate, not a parcel-confirmed geocode of the street address.",
    "landAcres": 4.05,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "metrobloks-southfield-mi",
    "name": "Metrobloks Southfield Data Center",
    "operator": "Metrobloks",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.474,
      "lon": -83.293,
      "city": "Southfield",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityofsouthfield.com/news/city-southfield-statement-regarding-proposed-data-center",
        "label": "City of Southfield Statement Regarding Proposed Data Center",
        "publisher": "City of Southfield, Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/southfield-data-center-approval/",
        "label": "Southfield City Council greenlights divisive data center plan: 'Too many unknowns'",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.candgnews.com/news/southfield-city-council-approves-data-center-site-plan-9861",
        "label": "Southfield City Council approves data center site plan",
        "publisher": "C & G Newspapers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted. — \"LA-based developer Metrobloks LLC has received site plan approval from the Southfield City Council for a 100-megawatt data center\"",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "217,030-230,000 sq ft, two-story building on ~12.19 acres of vacant land along Inkster Road north of 11 Mile Road, Southfield's northwest corner. Los Angeles-based developer Metrobloks (already tracked elsewhere in MO/IN/FL) has not completed a data center build anywhere yet per reporting. City of Southfield's own statement explicitly says the facility is NOT intended as 'an artificial intelligence repository' -- omitting aiClassification here rather than defaulting to 'likely'. City Council approved the site plan 5-2 on Dec 16, 2025; the city notes 'Approval of the proposal does not remove City oversight' -- still subject to further permitting. A named IT-engineer public commenter said the real target may be closer to 150 MW by groundbreaking; unconfirmed beyond that public comment. Closed-loop cooling planned, city says 'minimal long-term water use.' Coordinates are an approximate Inkster/11 Mile intersection estimate, not parcel-geocoded.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Approved site plan describes a closed loop water system with no ground water usage."
    },
    "landAcres": 12.19,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 35,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Majority of public speakers opposed at the Dec 16, 2025 council hearing ('too many unknowns' -- Council President Charles Hicks); approved anyway 5-2."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mghpcc-holyoke-ma",
    "name": "Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center",
    "operator": "MGHPCC consortium (BU/Harvard/MIT/Northeastern/UMass/Yale)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.20285,
      "lon": -72.60693,
      "city": "Holyoke",
      "county": "Hampden",
      "street": "100 Bigelow Street",
      "postalCode": "01040",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 15
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012",
        "note": "Opened 2012",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Green_High_Performance_Computing_Center",
        "label": "Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mghpcc.org/",
        "label": "MGHPCC",
        "publisher": "mghpcc.org",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arcgisserver.digital.mass.gov/arcgisserver/rest/services/AGOL/L3_Parcels_FeatureService_4326/FeatureServer/1/query?where=MAP_PAR_ID%3D%27020-02-003%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Hampden County parcel/GIS record (parcel 020-02-003 (MAP_PAR_ID); LOC_ID F_355950_2900713)",
        "publisher": "Hampden County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mghpcc.org/directions-map/",
        "label": "MGHPCC Directions & Map - \"100 Bigelow Street, Holyoke, MA 01040\"",
        "publisher": "MGHPCC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tig.csail.mit.edu/hardware/mghpcc/",
        "label": "MIT CSAIL Infrastructure Group, Holyoke Data Center (MGHPCC) - \"a 15-megawatt utility connection\", \"10 MW is dedicated to computing systems\", \"about 70% of which is sourced locally from hydroelectric facilities on the Connecticut River\", \"90,000-square-foot data center facility\"",
        "publisher": "MIT CSAIL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "90,300 sq ft, opened 2012, hydro-powered university research-computing consortium (100 Bigelow St). Explicitly exempted from Holyoke's 2026 data center ban. Houses the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Supercomputing Center (LLSC / TX-GAIA) — recorded as one facility, not two.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "City of Holyoke",
      "notes": "MIT CSAIL's facility page states a 15-megawatt utility connection from Holyoke Gas & Electric, \"about 70% of which is sourced locally from hydroelectric facilities on the Connecticut River\", and that MGHPCC shares a 34.5 kV bus with the Hadley Falls hydroelectric station. Recorded as source=grid rather than hydro because the supply is a utility connection with a majority - not exclusive - hydro mix."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-alluvion-west-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Project Alluvion Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5143718,
      "lon": -93.7083034,
      "city": "West Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "550 SE White Crane Road",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wdmchamber.org/economic-development/microsoft-data-centers/",
        "label": "Microsoft Data Centers - West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce",
        "publisher": "West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=White+Crane+Road+West+Des+Moines+IA&format=json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: SE White Crane Road",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Announced April 2014. 8-building campus on SE White Crane Rd / 3590 SE Soteria Ave, south of the Ginger East site. Distinct parcel/campus from all currently-tracked Microsoft IA records. Annual property tax ~$8.1M, $45M public infrastructure investment per WDM Chamber (not campus construction cost — other reporting citing ~$1.1B total investment was not independently fetched this session and is omitted).",
    "landAcres": 127,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-alviso-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Microsoft Alviso Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.428,
      "lon": -121.977,
      "city": "San Jose (Alviso)",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1657 Alviso-Milpitas Road",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 48
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-10",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-breaks-ground-on-alviso-data-center-campus-in-san-jose-california/",
        "label": "Microsoft breaks ground on Alviso data center campus in San Jose, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/microsoft-breaks-ground-on-new-data-center-in-san-jose/4097643/",
        "label": "Microsoft breaks ground on new data center in San Jose",
        "publisher": "NBC Bay Area",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://svdaily.com/2026/06/23/microsoft-breaks-ground-on-data-center-in-alviso/",
        "label": "Microsoft breaks ground on data center in Alviso",
        "publisher": "SV Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/microsoft-breaks-ground-on-long-planned-north-san-jose-data-center-site/",
        "label": "Connect CRE — Microsoft Breaks Ground on Long-Planned North San Jose Data Center Site",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hitt.com/news-hub/hitt-breaks-ground-microsoft-alviso-datacenter/",
        "label": "HITT Contracting breaks ground on Microsoft Alviso datacenter",
        "publisher": "HITT Contracting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/san-jose-data-center",
        "label": "San Jose Data Center (19-SPPE-04), applicant Microsoft Corporation, 1657 Alviso-Milpitas Road",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Microsoft's first self-owned/operated data center in San Jose. Groundbreaking June 10, 2026, target completion 2028. 64-acre site (1657 Alviso-Milpitas Rd), two-building campus. Distinct from the already-tracked Prologis San Jose records.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 19-SPPE-04 (exempted 2022-07-14) covers backup generation for this site: 224 renewable-natural-gas generators rated 0.45 MW each plus two diesel administrative generators of 1.25 MW and 0.5 MW, against a stated maximum electrical load of 99 MW and an estimated operational load of 77 MW."
    },
    "landAcres": 65,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-becker-mn",
    "name": "Microsoft Becker Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.3931821,
      "lon": -93.8768904,
      "city": "Becker",
      "county": "Sherburne",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2024/02/21/xcel-energy-sells-land-in-becker-to-microsoft-for-data-center",
        "label": "Xcel Energy sells land in Becker to Microsoft for data center",
        "publisher": "MPR News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/minnesota/as-hyperscale-data-centers-boom-minnesotas-projects-are-confronting-regulatory-and-environmental-realities",
        "label": "As hyperscale data centers boom, Minnesota's projects are confronting regulatory and environmental realities",
        "publisher": "InForum",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Microsoft bought ~295 acres from Xcel Energy near the Sherco coal plant in Becker for ~$17.7M (closed 2024-02-12) 'with the intent' to build a data center. As of Oct 2025 no formal plans had been submitted to the city. Distinct site/operator from the already-tracked, suspended Amazon Becker project (~348 acres, same area; locally nicknamed 'Core Ridge') — not a duplicate.",
    "landAcres": 295,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-boydton-bn-campus-mecklenburg-va",
    "name": "Microsoft Boydton Campus (BN / Azure East US)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.65969,
      "lon": -78.36487,
      "city": "Boydton",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2010-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Boydton-datacenter-fact-sheet.pdf",
        "label": "Microsoft Boydton datacenter fact sheet",
        "publisher": "Microsoft (local.microsoft.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/microsoft-azure-east-us-virginia",
        "label": "Microsoft Azure East US-Virginia, 101 Herbert Drive, Boydton VA",
        "publisher": "datacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-boydton-va",
        "label": "Microsoft Boydton VA Data Center — 175-acre site, 10 buildings, built 2013, $2B+ invested since 2010",
        "publisher": "baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-files-for-another-virginia-campus-in-mecklenburg-county/",
        "label": "Microsoft files for another Virginia campus in Mecklenburg County (named corroboration only, DCD 403-blocks fetch)",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yourgv.com/business/local_business/microsoft-s-2b-investment-in-southern-virginia-fulfills-early-vision/article_862bfb68-1cb2-4701-aad5-0be0ef8ccbe7.html",
        "label": "yourgv.com — Microsoft's $2B investment in Southern Virginia fulfills early vision",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vedp.org/press-release/2010-08/mecklenburg-county-microsoft-locate-major-data-center",
        "label": "VEDP press release — Governor McDonnell Announces Microsoft to Locate Major Data Center in Mecklenburg County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vedp.org/case-study/microsoft-corporations-expanding-virginia-footprint",
        "label": "VEDP case study — Microsoft Corporation's Expanding Virginia Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "This is the PARENT Microsoft Boydton campus — one of Microsoft's oldest and largest US data center campuses, hosting the Azure 'East US' region, first announced 2010 (~$499M initial investment) and expanded repeatedly through 2011/2013/2014/2015/2019 (cumulative >$2B investment). Distinct from the already-tracked microsoft-skipwith-road-campus-mecklenburg-va (a separate 2022 six-building permit). Located east of Highway 92 / west of Highway 608 (Ridge Road); addresses cited across sources include 101 Herbert Drive and 925 Ridge Rd, Boydton VA — sources differ on whether these are the same 175-",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Governor's Opportunity Fund grant",
        "amountUsd": 2100000,
        "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
        "year": "2010",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      },
      {
        "program": "Virginia Tobacco Indemnification and Community Revitalization Commission grant",
        "amountUsd": 4800000,
        "jurisdiction": "Virginia / Mecklenburg County",
        "year": "2010",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      },
      {
        "program": "Virginia Jobs Investment Program (training assistance)",
        "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
        "year": "2010",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-bristow-mnz03-va",
    "name": "Microsoft Bristow Data Center Campus (MNZ03)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.728,
      "lon": -77.56,
      "city": "Bristow",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-01",
        "note": "Microsoft acquired 83 acres at 8008 Devlin Road for $83.84M and an adjacent 9.6-acre parcel; multi-phase campus planned, first building (MNZ03) to comprise 250,000 sq ft over three stories",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "MNZ03 reported as operational per Baxtel third-party tracking database; year built listed as 2025; described as fully operational Azure facility",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/virginia/bristow/microsoft-8008-devlin-rd/",
        "label": "Microsoft 8008 Devlin Rd Data Center — Datacentermap.com",
        "publisher": "Datacentermap.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-mnz03",
        "label": "Microsoft MNZ03 Data Center — Baxtel",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-cloud/blog/2024/07/25/sustainable-by-design-transforming-datacenter-water-efficiency/",
        "label": "Sustainable by design: Transforming datacenter water efficiency — Microsoft",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insidenova.com/headlines/prince-william-supervisors-deny-bristow-campus-data-center-following-protest/article_62d95463-34e8-4a68-a82a-713d38dda8af.html",
        "label": "Prince William supervisors deny Bristow Campus data center following protest — InsideNova",
        "publisher": "InsideNova",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Microsoft does not publicly disclose data center locations; sourced from public property records and third-party tracking databases. 8008 Devlin Road, Bristow. Adjacent to Amazon's Devlin Technology Park parcel and within Prince William County's Data Center Opportunity Zone Overlay District. Coordinates approximate. Status updated to operational per Baxtel (year built 2025); datacentermap.com returned HTTP 429 during fact-check and could not be independently read.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "Grid-served by Dominion Energy Virginia (per an interconnection tracker); no on-site generation is reported."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "MNZ03 became operational around the 2024–25 transition in Microsoft's cooling standard (from evaporative-assist to closed-loop, zero-water evaporation for new designs), and the specific system installed here is unconfirmed. Microsoft reported reaching corporate 'water-positive' status in FY2025."
    },
    "landAcres": 83,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "MNZ03 was built by-right on the former Atlantic Research rocket-testing site (existing heavy-industrial zoning within the county's data-center overlay), so it required no rezoning and faced no site-specific hearing. But it sits at the epicenter of Prince William County's data-center opposition — supervisors denied a nearby data center 4–2 in Sept 2025, residents sued over an adjacent rezoning, and the county is moving to end the overlay district. Microsoft is eligible for Virginia's data-center sales-and-use tax exemption, but state law bars disclosure of recipients and amounts.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-cheyenne-expansion-wy",
    "name": "Microsoft Cheyenne Mega-Campus Expansion",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.09,
      "lon": -104.79,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Black Hills Energy (LPCS tariff); hydrogen fuel cell backup pilot completed with Caterpillar",
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Microsoft announced intent to purchase 3,200 acres: 200 acres at Bison Business Park on Wapiti Trail + 3,000 acres in Southeast Cheyenne, tripling Wyoming footprint",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-22",
        "note": "Microsoft closed on its ~3,460-acre land purchase (June 26, 2026) and the Cheyenne City Council approved annexation and zoning for the expansion parcel on a 6-3 vote (July 13-14, 2026), clearing the land-use path for the campus; construction has not been reported as begun on this parcel yet. Note: a local referendum petition against the annexation was launched July 20, 2026, so this approval could still be contested.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/04/14/microsoft-announces-intent-to-expand-datacenter-operations-in-cheyenne-accelerating-innovation-and-economic-growth/",
        "label": "Microsoft Announces Intent to Expand Datacenter Operations in Cheyenne",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/04/14/microsoft-to-triple-its-cheyenne-data-center-footprint-with-3-200-acre-land-buy/",
        "label": "Microsoft to Triple Its Cheyenne Data Center Footprint With 3,200-Acre Land Buy",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/cheyenne-city-council-approves-microsofts-3-460-acre-annexation-after-hours-of-public-debate/article_ed2cfdf9-0e25-455f-a17d-3ceac92e91eb.html",
        "label": "Cheyenne City Council approves Microsoft's 3,460-acre annexation after hours of public debate",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://county17.com/2026/07/14/cheyenne-passes-microsoft-data-center-land-annexation-after-more-than-5-hours-of-discussion/",
        "label": "Cheyenne is 3,500 acres larger after approving controversial Microsoft annexation",
        "publisher": "County 17",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Described by Microsoft as a 'multi-gigawatt multi-decade ecosystem.' The 400 MW initial-target figure that appeared in the prior record was NOT found in either cited source and has been removed pending a citable source (neither the Microsoft newsroom announcement nor Cowboy State Daily mentions a specific MW figure). Separate from existing Cheyenne campus (since 2012) and the HR Ranch Road construction underway 2025-2026. Coordinates approximate for Bison Business Park / SE Cheyenne area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy",
      "notes": "Large Power Contract Service (LPCS) tariff; Microsoft funds all grid infrastructure upgrades without raising residential rates. Hydrogen fuel cell pilot (Caterpillar) tested 48-hour backup power. Commitment to carbon-free energy matching fossil fuel consumption."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Business Council Business Ready Community (BRC) grant and loan program",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 3200,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Microsoft committed $68M to off-site infrastructure (roads, storm sewers, trails, water). Will not accept local property tax incentives. Contributed $11M to Laramie County tax base in 2025. Operating in Cheyenne since 2012.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-columbia-quincy-wa",
    "name": "Microsoft Columbia Data Center (Quincy)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2333,
      "lon": -119.8667,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2007-05",
        "note": "The data center building opened in April 2007 and became fully operational in May 2007.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Data_Center",
        "label": "Columbia Data Center (Microsoft, Quincy, Washington)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/jul/26/where-agriculture-meets-technology-inside-the-smal/",
        "label": "Where agriculture meets technology: Inside the small Washington town that became a data center hub",
        "publisher": "The Spokesman-Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.columbiariverkeeper.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026.02.26-Data-Center-Closer-Look-Report.pdf",
        "label": "A Closer Look: Columbia River Data Centers (February 2026) — Grant County, Washington",
        "publisher": "Columbia Riverkeeper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Microsoft's first Quincy data center, on land bought in 2006. Began as a 500,000 sq ft building and reached about 800,000 sq ft across two buildings on a 270-acre complex by 2016; reported to draw 30-50 MW in 2012. No current capacity figure is asserted — Microsoft does not release the size or capacity of its Quincy facilities, and the 2012 figure is stale. Microsoft has roughly 400 employees in Quincy across its facilities there. Grant County PUD supplies power. Coordinates are the published minute-precision location (47°14'N 119°52'W).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Grant County PUD"
    },
    "landAcres": 270,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-conover-catawba-county-nc",
    "name": "Microsoft Conover Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7065,
      "lon": -81.2184,
      "city": "Conover",
      "county": "Catawba",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-11",
        "note": "Announced as one of four Microsoft data centers planned across Catawba County; the Conover site is ~219 acres north of Conover on NC Hwy 16.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-02",
        "note": "Crews returned to the four Catawba County campuses after a roughly 10-month pause; commercial building permits were issued November–December 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/21437740/microsoft-plans-1-billion-campus-in-north-carolina-cloud-cluster",
        "label": "Microsoft Plans $1 Billion Campus in North Carolina Cloud Cluster",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.catawbacountync.gov/news/joint-statement-on-microsoft-data-center-development-in-catawba-county/",
        "label": "Joint statement on Microsoft data center development in Catawba County",
        "publisher": "Catawba County, NC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gofoothills.com/2026/03/02/microsoft-restarts-1b-data-center-in-catawba-county/",
        "label": "Microsoft restarts $1B data center in Catawba County",
        "publisher": "Go Foothills",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "One of four Microsoft campuses in Catawba County (Conover, Hickory, Maiden, Newton). The widely cited $1 billion figure is Microsoft's county-wide minimum investment commitment over a 10-year performance window across all four sites — it is not this site's investment. No per-site capacity has been disclosed.",
    "landAcres": 219,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-dorr-township-mi",
    "name": "Microsoft Dorr Township Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.64,
      "lon": -85.652,
      "city": "Dorr Township",
      "county": "Allegan",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/microsoft-land-farmland-purchase-allegan-kent-dorr-township-gaines-charter-technology-acres",
        "label": "Reactions mixed as Microsoft purchases farmland in Allegan, Kent counties",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wmuk.org/wmuk-news/2025-12-22/microsoft-plans-a-data-center-in-allegan-county",
        "label": "Microsoft plans a data center in Allegan County",
        "publisher": "WMUK",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wilcoxnewspapers.com/dorr-twp-approves-12-month-moratorium-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Dorr Twp. approves 12-month moratorium on data centers",
        "publisher": "Wilcox Newspapers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Land next to US-131 in Dorr Township, ~20 miles from Microsoft's separate Gaines Township site (microsoft-gaines-township-kent-county-mi). Acreage reported inconsistently across outlets: 'more than 200 acres' per one report, 'nearly 270 acres' per county property maps per another; purchased in 2024. Microsoft's own statement: project plans, capital investment, and employee numbers are not yet finalized. Township Supervisor (Dec 2025): officials still waiting on Microsoft to submit a development plan; company had hoped to start construction spring 2026. Community concern centers on water and electricity use. Coordinates are an approximate Dorr Township / US-131 estimate, not parcel-geocoded.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-douglasville-ga",
    "name": "Microsoft Douglasville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7547,
      "lon": -84.7427,
      "city": "Douglasville",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Georgia Power grid (Douglas County service area)",
    "announcedDate": "2024-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Plans filed for four 245,000 sq ft technology facilities on 160-acre parcel at 1601 North River Road as part of Azure East US 3 region"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-06",
        "note": "Phase I construction commenced; full Azure East US 3 cloud region launch targeted 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-to-launch-new-cloud-region-in-atlanta-georgia-in-2027/",
        "label": "Microsoft to launch new cloud region in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2027",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55126626/details-emerge-on-microsofts-18-billion-investment-in-atlanta-data-centers-amid-tax-development-wrangles",
        "label": "Details Emerge On Microsoft's $1.8 Billion Investment In Atlanta Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-aiming-to-build-1-million-sq-ft-data-center-in-douglasville-ga-for-east-us-3/",
        "label": "Microsoft aiming to build 1 million sq ft data center in Douglasville, GA — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.douglascountysentinel.com/douglasville_sentinel/commissioner-tax-incentives-arent-free-money/article_ad7fb909-1658-5c71-b502-2356c87ff705.html",
        "label": "Commissioner: Tax incentives aren't 'free money' — Douglas County Sentinel",
        "publisher": "Douglas County Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/data-centers-sales-use-tax-exemption-aggregate-expenditures-county",
        "label": "Data Centers Sales & Use Tax Exemption — Aggregate Expenditures by County — Georgia DOR",
        "publisher": "Georgia Department of Revenue",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.douglascountysentinel.com/douglasville_sentinel/data-center-moratorium-extended-to-determine-impact-on-ratepayers/article_3d610d7f-cec8-5be2-a4dc-9f3591440adc.html",
        "label": "Data center moratorium extended to determine impact on ratepayers — Douglas County Sentinel",
        "publisher": "Douglas County Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-cloud/blog/2024/07/25/sustainable-by-design-transforming-datacenter-water-efficiency/",
        "label": "Sustainable by design: Transforming datacenter water efficiency — Microsoft",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Four 245,000 sq ft technology facilities totaling ~980,000 sq ft on 160-acre parcel at 1601 North River Road, Douglasville. Part of Azure East US 3 region alongside facilities in East Point and Palmetto. Coordinates are Douglasville city centroid; actual site is northern Douglasville.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Grid-served by Georgia Power (the regulated utility). A secondary tracker reported ~144 MW critical / 216 MW total campus load, but the primary source could not be confirmed."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "The Douglasville–Douglas County Water & Sewer Authority (Dog River Reservoir) is the provider; no facility-specific water volume is published. Microsoft pledges to be 'water positive' by 2030 and reports an 80%+ reduction in water intensity company-wide."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Development Authority of Douglas County property-tax abatement (a county official confirmed Microsoft is enrolled in an incentive program; amount and term are not in the public record), plus Georgia's statewide data-center sales-and-use tax exemption (the state does not disclose company-level amounts)",
        "jurisdiction": "Douglas County / Georgia",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 160,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The mayor welcomed Microsoft's arrival and a county official cited it as a model incentive recipient, but Douglas County enacted two 90-day moratoriums on new data centers in 2025 over ratepayer and infrastructure concerns and is reviewing abatement terms; no Microsoft-specific opposition was found.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-east-wenatchee-wa",
    "name": "Microsoft East Wenatchee Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.407837,
      "lon": -120.207723,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 180
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — PUD No 1 of Douglas County",
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "First building operational (grand opening Dec 2022), more under construction; Douglas County PUD Schedule 4 agreement for up to 180 MW; $409M first-building permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/business/new-douglas-county-microsoft-data-center-launches-with-party-tour/article_95ce41dc-7267-11ed-ab98-af7c94439b63.html",
        "label": "New Douglas County Microsoft data center launches — Urban Industrial Way, 340.22 acres, $409M first-building permit, grand opening Dec 2022",
        "publisher": "Wenatchee World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kpq.com/douglas-county-pud-microsoft-enter-power-delivery-agreement/",
        "label": "Douglas County PUD, Microsoft Enter Power Delivery Agreement — up to 180 MW (Schedule 4), 180MW substation",
        "publisher": "KPQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Microsoft Azure data center campus on Urban Industrial Way near Pangborn Memorial Airport, East Wenatchee, Douglas County — first building operational (grand opening Dec 2022), additional buildings under construction, on ~340 acres. Under a Douglas County PUD Schedule 4 power-delivery agreement, Microsoft is contracted for up to 180 MW at full build-out (KPQ, citing the PUD agreement); the first building's permit was valued at $409M (Wenatchee World). DISTINCT from Microsoft's tracked Malaga campus, which is across the Columbia River in Chelan County (served by Chelan County PUD). Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Urban Industrial Way corridor; a county-parcel pass could upgrade precision to exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PUD No 1 of Douglas County"
    },
    "landAcres": 340,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-el-mirage-az",
    "name": "Microsoft El Mirage Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5695,
      "lon": -112.3204,
      "city": "El Mirage",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Microsoft purchased 283 acres in two cash transactions totaling $258M near Dysart Rd and Northern Pkwy (LogistiCenter at Copperwing); adds to 150 existing acres",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Fifth data center building (PHX-83, 245,500 sq ft, 5 data halls) received planning approval at El Mirage City Council December 2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Microsoft's own Greater Phoenix community page describes El Mirage as an operating datacenter (\"Microsoft operates datacenters in El Mirage and Goodyear\"); the source does not disclose an in-service date, so this event is dated to confirmation.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/microsoft-data-center-new-spec-industrial-planned-in-el-mirage/",
        "label": "Microsoft Data Center Planned in El Mirage — PHX-83 fifth building",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.aztechcouncil.org/microsoft-buys-land-el-mirage-data-center/",
        "label": "Microsoft acquires nearly 300 acres for data center growth in El Mirage",
        "publisher": "Arizona Technology Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-files-to-expand-el-mirage-data-center-campus-in-arizona/",
        "label": "Microsoft files to expand El Mirage data center campus in Arizona",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/communities/americas/greater-phoenix/",
        "label": "Microsoft — Greater Phoenix, Arizona datacenter community",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "investmentUsd is land-purchase cost only; total campus investment is higher. PHX-83 is the fifth building on existing El Mirage campus. Coordinates are El Mirage city centroid; site is at SE corner of Dysart Rd and Olive Ave. Arizona's Sec. 41-1519 sales/use-tax exemption applies by statute but no campus-specific certified award was found; published job figures cover the combined West Valley (El Mirage/Goodyear) campus, not El Mirage alone.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
      "notes": "On-site APS substation serves existing campus; power extended to new buildings"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Microsoft's Arizona datacenters use adiabatic cooling - zero water for cooling more than half the year (outside air below 85F), switching to evaporative ('swamp-cooler'-style) above 85F; Microsoft and Gila River Water Storage replenish Phoenix-AMA groundwater with long-term storage credits dedicated to El Mirage and Goodyear. No El Mirage-specific water-use (MGD) figure is published."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 258000000,
    "landAcres": 433,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "El Mirage Planning & Zoning recommended the PHX-83 expansion 4-0 and the City Council approved the site-plan amendment (2024); Microsoft's Datacenter Community Pledge commits to not raising residents' electricity prices, replenishing more water than it uses, local jobs, and tax base. Luke AFB flagged a bird-strike mitigation note on cooling ponds. No organized opposition found.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Microsoft Elk Grove Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.005,
      "lon": -87.96,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "Microsoft begins construction on first building",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-begins-construction-elk-grove-chicago/",
        "label": "Microsoft begins data center construction in Elk Grove, Chicago",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-elk-grove",
        "label": "Microsoft: Elk Grove Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — Microsoft Corporation, Elk Grove Village (2020 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "37-acre site in the Elk Grove Technology Park near O'Hare; up to three buildings totaling ~400,000 sq ft. First building valued at $123M (land purchased for $52M in Jan 2020).",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 15750000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2020",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 123000000,
    "landAcres": 37,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-fairwater-fayetteville-ga",
    "name": "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta (Azure AI Superfactory)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4487,
      "lon": -84.4549,
      "city": "Fayetteville",
      "county": "Fayette",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "poweredBy": "Georgia Power",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "Microsoft's Atlanta Fairwater AI datacenter began operation in October 2025 — the second in the Fairwater family; two-story, no UPS/gensets",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/from-wisconsin-to-atlanta-microsoft-connects-datacenters-to-build-its-first-ai-superfactory/",
        "label": "From Wisconsin to Atlanta, Microsoft connects datacenters to build its first AI superfactory",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-launches-atlanta-fairwater-data-center-two-stories-no-ups-or-gen-sets/",
        "label": "Microsoft launches Atlanta Fairwater data center, two stories, no UPS or gen sets",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/",
        "label": "Microsoft debuts AI 'superfactory' data center south of Atlanta",
        "publisher": "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/05/11/behind-fayettes-qts-water-controversy-a-missed-meter-8000-workers-and-a-massive-construction-project/",
        "label": "Behind Fayette's QTS water controversy: a missed meter, 8,000 workers",
        "publisher": "The Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://measuredai.substack.com/p/microsoft-fairwater-atlanta-data-center",
        "label": "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta: a grid-only gigawatt AI data center",
        "publisher": "Measured AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/02/22/georgia-data-center-boom-what-its-like-have-one-your-community/",
        "label": "Georgia data center boom: what it's like to have one in your community",
        "publisher": "WBRC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fayettega.org/doing-business/incentives-tax-rates/",
        "label": "Incentives & tax rates",
        "publisher": "Fayette County Development Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "615-acre, up-to-13-building QTS-built campus on Hwy 54W near Fayetteville, Fayette County (Microsoft's materials say 'Atlanta'). Began operation Oct 2025 as Fairwater 2 — a 'multi-gigawatt' AI campus. ~1,500 MW is the anticipated ultimate Georgia Power load across all buildings (planned figure; ~433 MW cited as initially online). Distinct from Microsoft's smaller Tyrone, GA campus. Two-story design with no UPS or backup generators. Coordinates are the Fayetteville area centroid. Microsoft has not disclosed tenant capex for the Fairwater Fayetteville space; the ~$1B/$6.5B figures are QTS developer build-out estimates for the full multi-tenant campus, and the widely-cited $14.5M abatement / $1.8B / $75M figures attach to different Microsoft/Fulton-County sites (the $75M was FCDA land-sale proceeds, not a subsidy to QTS) -> investmentUsd omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Two-story design with no UPS or backup generators (DCD, Oct 2025) — no on-site generation. Microsoft states Fairwater uses improved closed-loop cooling that 'consumes almost zero water in its operation.' Georgia Power 2025 IRP testimony cites the QTS Fayetteville campus as a single load of just under 1,500 MW at full build-out."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "QTS closed-loop 'water-free' design (COO Ryan Hunter: 'Once the water's in there, it stays in there for the life of the asset'); ~600,000-gal one-time fill per building, ongoing per-building use 'equivalent to four American households per month.' During construction the campus drew ~29-30M gallons through two unmetered connections (2024-25); Fayette County issued a ~$147,000 retroactive charge and no fine. No operational daily figure for the Microsoft tenant space specifically."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Fayette County Development Authority 10-year stepped property-tax abatement (0% yr 1 -> 100% yr 10, +10%/yr) on the QTS 'Project Excalibur' campus; also qualifies for Georgia's statewide data-center sales-and-use tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Fayette County, GA",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 615,
    "jobs": {
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Fayetteville adopted a 90-day moratorium (Jan 29 2026) then unanimously passed Ordinance 26-O-12 (March 5 2026) banning new data centers in all zoning districts; existing Fairwater 1/2 and the Dec 2025 East Campus rezoning are grandfathered. Opposition centered on construction traffic, the ~29M-gal unmetered water draw, and new 500 kV transmission lines; Mayor Edward Johnson expressed support. A competing Crow Holdings proposal withdrew its appeal after the ban. No litigation against the Fairwater campus.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-fernley-nv",
    "name": "Microsoft Victory Logistics District Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6082,
      "lon": -119.2169,
      "city": "Fernley",
      "county": "Lyon",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Microsoft purchased ~300.7 acres at the Victory Logistics District in Fernley, Lyon County (potential data center)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/2025/apr/17/microsoft-buy-300-acres-in-fernley-lyon-county-victory-logistics-district/",
        "label": "Microsoft to buy 300 acres in Fernley's Lyon County Victory Logistics District",
        "publisher": "Nevada Appeal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nnbw.com/news/2025/apr/16/microsoft-fernley-lyon-county-victory-logistics-district-land-buy/",
        "label": "NNBW / Nevada Appeal (dated Apr 16-17, 2025)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/moratorium-data-centers-approved-lyon-010015188.html",
        "label": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~300.7-acre land acquisition at the Victory Logistics District in Fernley, Lyon County. Capacity and timeline not yet announced → proposed. Coordinates are the Fernley area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NV Energy"
    },
    "landAcres": 300.7,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Lyon County commissioners approved a 6-month countywide moratorium (Resolution 12-26, effective through Jan 22, 2027) on July 23, 2026 that halts receipt/review/hearing/granting of new data-center applications, amid a wave of county data-center controversy.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-firecracker-rome-ga",
    "name": "Microsoft Data Center Campus – Rome, GA",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.27,
      "lon": -85.16,
      "city": "Rome",
      "county": "Floyd",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Rome Floyd County Development Authority begins working with property owner Floyd County 118 LLC to rezone 347-acre Huffaker Road parcel to Heavy Industrial",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Publicly announced October 30, 2023 at RFCDA meeting; authority votes to issue industrial revenue bonds and grant partial tax abatements; project entering design phase with completion target 2027–2028",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-to-develop-350-acre-data-center-campus-in-rome-georgia/",
        "label": "Microsoft to develop 350-acre data center campus in Rome, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/news/local/updated-microsoft-to-invest-1-billion-in-data-center-in-floyd-county/article_128f3c2c-772f-11ee-a991-7fb8d4f28f86.html",
        "label": "Microsoft To Invest $1 Billion In Data Center in Floyd County",
        "publisher": "Northwest Georgia News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thegeorgiasun.com/2023/10/30/1-billion-microsoft-data-center-campus-coming-to-northwest-georgia/",
        "label": "$1 Billion Microsoft Data Center Campus Coming to Northwest Georgia",
        "publisher": "The Georgia Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://allongeorgia.com/chattooga-local-news/microsoft-to-invest-1-billion-in-rome-ga-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Microsoft to invest $1 Billion in Rome, GA Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "AllOnGeorgia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/news/local/floyd-county-commission-enacts-80-day-moratorium-on-new-data-centers/article_f6a7cc37-9486-42af-85b0-5705c980691e.html",
        "label": "Floyd County Commission enacts 80-day moratorium on new data centers",
        "publisher": "Northwest Georgia News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Investment described as '$1 billion' in RFCDA announcement; Data Center Dynamics and Business Facilities use 'more than $1 billion' framing — treated as a floor, not a firm single figure (investmentUsd omitted per data policy). Completion targeted 2027–2028. Site is 347 acres on Huffaker Road, east of Fouche Gap Road, in unincorporated Floyd County, adjacent to Georgia Power-owned land; land purchased at $40,000/acre (~$13.9M). Microsoft stated site selection was driven by 'Rome and Floyd County's industrial zoning and strong infrastructure.' Microsoft committed to covering all costs for additional infrastructure (power, water, roads) so ratepayers and taxpayers are not burdened. Part of Microsoft's broader East US 3 Georgia cloud build-out; announced to bolster Azure cloud services. Floyd County enacted an 80-day moratorium on new data center permits (2025) but explicitly noted previously filed projects including Microsoft's can proceed. Capacity MW not disclosed. Coordinates are approximate; actual parcel is on Huffaker Road in unincorporated Floyd County.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "No public utility service agreement confirmed as of 2026-07-07. Georgia Power is the regional electric utility for Floyd County. A January 2025 Georgia PSC rule approved special terms for new large data center customers using >100 MW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "No water usage figures or cooling system type disclosed publicly as of 2026-07-07."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "12-year partial property tax abatement on buildings + 9-year partial abatement on equipment, granted by Floyd County Development Authority via industrial revenue bonds; land value taxes and Floyd County school taxes remain payable on the land portion",
        "jurisdiction": "Floyd County, GA",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 347,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "RFCDA chair Jimmy Byars: 'This is a tremendous economic opportunity for our community that will have positive impacts for decades to come.' Floyd County Schools and Rome City Schools superintendents both expressed enthusiasm for workforce training partnership. Microsoft Director of Community Engagement Paul Englis noted 150 jobs is likely 'a bit on the low side.' No opposition documented at October 2023 announcement. Floyd County's 2025 moratorium on new data centers was not directed at the Microsoft project, which had already been filed.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-gaines-township-mi",
    "name": "Microsoft Gaines Township Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.802,
      "lon": -85.571,
      "city": "Gaines Township",
      "county": "Kent",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/data-center-microsoft-rezoning-approval-new-data-center-gaines-township-kent-county-electricity-artificial-intelligence-patterson-avenue",
        "label": "Microsoft seeks rezoning approval for new data center in Gaines Township",
        "publisher": "WWMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2025-12-16/gaines-township-to-consider-rezoning-for-future-microsoft-data-center",
        "label": "Gaines Township to consider rezoning for future Microsoft data center",
        "publisher": "WGVU News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/gaines-township-proposed-data-center-public-hearing-meeting-microsoft-conditions-rezone-land-noise-water-electricity-community-michigan-wwmt",
        "label": "Gaines Township proposed data center: What to know before the April 15 public hearing",
        "publisher": "WWMT Newschannel 3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Microsoft's SECOND data center site within Gaines Township -- distinct from the unrelated, already-operational Switch Pyramid Campus (also in Gaines Township, tracked separately as switch-pyramid-campus-grand-rapids-mi). Microsoft bought a ~300-316-acre former Steelcase parcel on/near Patterson Avenue for ~$45-45.3M in October 2024 and is seeking to rezone a 40.5-acre portion from large-scale PUD to light industrial; Gaines Charter Township Planning Commission held a public hearing Dec 18, 2025. Township Community Development Director, Dec 2025: no specific plans provided yet beyond general intent. No capacity or total project-investment figure disclosed as of this pass. Coordinates are an approximate Patterson Avenue / Gaines Township estimate (deliberately offset from the existing Switch record's East Paris Avenue coordinates), not parcel-geocoded. Confirmed absence, not a gap: Microsoft has committed in writing to seek no local property tax abatement from Gaines Charter Township, so the empty subsidies field reflects a sourced negative at the township level. State-level (MEDC/MSF) incentives were not checked by this source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Consumers Energy"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Microsoft's conditional-rezoning commitments state it will not withdraw groundwater at the site for cooling; the commitment does not identify the cooling technology itself."
    },
    "landAcres": 316,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-ginger-east-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Project Ginger East Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5193146,
      "lon": -93.7362003,
      "city": "West Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "1475 SE Maffitt Lake Road",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-project-ginger-east",
        "label": "Microsoft: Project Ginger East Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Maffitt+Lake+Road+West+Des+Moines+IA&format=json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Maffitt Lake Road",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gowestdesmoines.com/news_article/the-city-of-west-des-moines-approved-several-permits-to-proceed-with-the-construction-of-the-data-center/",
        "label": "Construction Underway on 4 New Microsoft Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Go West Des Moines (City of West Des Moines economic development)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "1475 SE Maffitt Lake Road - a distinct 146-acre campus from the already-tracked 'Ginger West' (11100 Booneville Rd, different parcel). Building 1 (250,000 sq ft) came online 2023; up to 5 buildings / ~1.8M sq ft planned campus-wide (Microsoft's own naming convention pairs Ginger East/West as siblings but they are separate parcels/addresses). investmentUsd is the value of ONE building permit, not full campus capex. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked baxtel.com's project page (2026-09-10); it notes the West Des Moines Planning and Zoning Commission approved site plans for two new data centers in February 2024, but gives no detail on public input, hearing testimony, or resident/official reaction to that approval.",
    "investmentUsd": 358000000,
    "landAcres": 146,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-ginger-west-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Project Ginger West Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.551,
      "lon": -93.782,
      "city": "West Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "11100 Booneville Road",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "West Des Moines approved first two buildings of Ginger West; construction start targeted September 2021",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Construction underway; first building came online 2023 (244,676 sq ft); additional phases ongoing targeting summer 2028 completion",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/ginger-west-datacenter-construction-update/",
        "label": "Ginger West datacenter construction update — Microsoft Local",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsofts-project-ginger-west-data-center-in-west-des-moines-gets-planning-approval/",
        "label": "Microsoft Project Ginger West data center in West Des Moines gets planning approval",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/des-moines/2026/01/16/microsoft-west-des-moines-data-center-water-zero",
        "label": "Microsoft's next data center buildings to use 'zero-water' technology",
        "publisher": "Axios Des Moines",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-data-center-iowa-wisconsin-expect",
        "label": "Microsoft built 5 data center campuses in this Iowa city. Here's what Wisconsin can expect.",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gowestdesmoines.com/news_article/the-city-of-west-des-moines-approved-several-permits-to-proceed-with-the-construction-of-the-data-center/",
        "label": "Construction Underway on 4 New Microsoft Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Go West Des Moines (City of West Des Moines economic development)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Site at 11100 Booneville Rd area, West Des Moines (Polk County). 1.8M sq ft planned across multiple buildings. Turner Construction is general contractor; completion estimated summer 2028. Companion Ginger East campus (124 acres, 5 buildings) is a separate site in West Des Moines. Part of Microsoft's multi-billion dollar total Iowa investment since 2009. Planned MW capacity not confirmed from primary sources; 444 MW figure removed as unsupported. Iowa's Sec. 423.3(95) data-center sales-tax exemption applies, but Iowa data-center incentive awards are not publicly disclosed; no Ginger West-specific job count is published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy",
      "notes": "Iowa wind and renewables; Microsoft contracts 100% carbon-free electricity for Iowa operations"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Microsoft's West Des Moines datacenters use direct evaporative cooling (water ~10% of the year, air-cooled the rest); a planned Ginger West building is committed to next-generation 'zero-water' cooling under WDM's 2023 policy favoring reduced peak water use. Microsoft's WDM fleet (five campuses) used ~70M gallons in 2024 (fleet-wide, not Ginger West-specific); Microsoft funded ~$25M in WDM Water Works improvements incl. a 2M-gallon tank."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1650000000,
    "landAcres": 188,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "WDM Mayor Russ Trimble has praised Microsoft as a 'game changer' and 'great corporate citizens' (never exceeding agreed water allotments); neighboring residents cite light pollution, traffic, noise, and water-use concerns. No formal opposition group or litigation identified.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-goodyear-az",
    "name": "Microsoft Goodyear Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4353,
      "lon": -112.39,
      "city": "Goodyear",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2018-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2019-04",
        "note": "Initial 150-acre land acquisition near Goodyear Airport for $37.11M (per Data Center Dynamics primary source; record originally stated 272 acres/$42M/2018-01 which is not supported by any source found).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-01",
        "note": "First 290,000 sq ft building developed; second 250,000 sq ft building under construction"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Additional 100 acres acquired for $131M from First Industrial Realty Trust; third 250,000 sq ft building planned; total footprint 550+ acres",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Microsoft's own Greater Phoenix community page describes Goodyear as an operating datacenter (\"Microsoft operates datacenters in El Mirage and Goodyear\"); the source does not disclose an in-service date, so this event is dated to confirmation.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-purchases-100-acres-next-to-existing-data-center-campus-in-goodyear-arizona/",
        "label": "Microsoft purchases 100 acres next to Goodyear campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.goodyearaz.gov/Home/Components/News/News/9847/1127?arch=1",
        "label": "Microsoft Builds World-Class Datacenter Campus in Goodyear",
        "publisher": "City of Goodyear",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/local-news/microsoft-goodyear-update-development-agreement/",
        "label": "Microsoft, Goodyear Update Development Agreement",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/communities/americas/greater-phoenix/",
        "label": "Microsoft — Greater Phoenix, Arizona datacenter community",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Near Citrus and Indian School roads, Goodyear (address: 3785 Citrus Rd per industry sources). Two-million sq ft of existing or under-construction data centers. investmentUsd is reported campus value; land-only spend is additional. Coordinates approximate; exact site is west Goodyear near airport. First land purchase corrected to April 2019 / 150 acres / $37.11M per DCD primary source; intermediate purchases brought pre-2025 footprint to approximately 450 acres before the 100-acre 2025 expansion to 550+ total.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Microsoft updated development agreement requiring 4th and 5th buildings to use air cooling rather than direct evaporative cooling originally intended. Contributing nearly $42M total: $36M to expand 157th Ave Wastewater Treatment Plant (of a planned $90M expansion), $5M financial assurance toward dedicated sewer line, $800K city coordinator fee."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 550,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-granger-in",
    "name": "Microsoft Granger Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.73,
      "lon": -86.13,
      "city": "Granger",
      "county": "St. Joseph",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (Mishawaka city water; no groundwater withdrawal)",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Microsoft acquires 939-acre St. Joe Farm near Currant and Cleveland Roads, Granger IN for $77.5M; site adjacent to Indiana Toll Road; county rezones land",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "St. Joseph County Redevelopment Commission and City of Mishawaka approve MOU for pre-development work; $12.6M cap for early design and infrastructure evaluation; construction authorization pending resolution of utility and site plan questions",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05-30",
        "note": "Physical construction underway as of late May 2026 — active site earthwork, water trucked in for dust suppression, and the county highway department monitoring construction traffic. Follows the St. Joseph County MOU approval (March 17, 2026) and groundbreaking in late April/early May 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-buys-900-acre-st-joe-farm-indiana-for-data-center-build/",
        "label": "Microsoft buys 900-acre St. Joe Farm, Indiana, for data center build",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wndu.com/2026/03/17/microsoft-data-center-mou-approved-st-joseph-county-amid-resident-concerns/",
        "label": "Microsoft data center MOU approved in St. Joseph County amid resident concerns",
        "publisher": "WNDU NBC South Bend",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/town-hall-held-for-900-acre-microsoft-granger-data-center-capital-avenue-cleveland-road-construction-st-joe-farm-development-power-cost-water-usage-traffic-environmental-concerns-economic",
        "label": "Granger meeting draws crowd for update on large Microsoft data center planned",
        "publisher": "WSBT CBS South Bend",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/construction-microsoft-data-center-could-begin-in-late-april-or-early-may-farm-granger-mishawaka-water",
        "label": "Construction of Microsoft data center could begin in late April or early May",
        "publisher": "WSBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-02-19/microsoft-data-center-concerns-spark-crowded-granger-meeting",
        "label": "Microsoft data center concerns spark crowded Granger meeting",
        "publisher": "WVPE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-05-30/st-joseph-county-officials-respond-to-data-center-construction-concerns",
        "label": "St. Joseph County officials respond to data center construction concerns (construction underway)",
        "publisher": "WVPE (NPR member station)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-05-30",
    "notes": "Former St. Joe Farm, near Bittersweet Road and Currant Road, Granger IN (St. Joseph County). 939 acres; 5-6 buildings planned; ~1 GW power load estimated by county officials. Microsoft not seeking local tax incentives. Status downgraded from 'under_construction' to 'permitted': WSBT source (cited in original record for the construction claim) explicitly states 'no construction has begun' and no formal site plan submitted; WNDU March 2026 MOU covers pre-development evaluation only. Confidence downgraded to 'reported' pending construction confirmation. Coordinates are approximate Granger unincorporated community area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Indiana Michigan Power (I&M / AEP)",
      "notes": "Grid-served; Microsoft is named among large-load customers in I&M's 2024 settlement. No on-site generation reported."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling: coolant is mixed outside St. Joseph County, trucked to the site, and transported out after about two years for cleaning. Mishawaka city water is used for domestic use only; on-site groundwater wells were capped (no aquifer withdrawal). No withdrawal-rate figure disclosed."
    },
    "landAcres": 939,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Residents raised concerns at town hall about approximately 300 diesel generators, drainage, emissions, and water supply adequacy. Four-party water agreement reached (City of Mishawaka, St. Joseph County, Regional Water and Sewer District, Granger Water LLC) after months of disputes. Microsoft not seeking local tax abatements.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-heath-oh",
    "name": "Microsoft Heath Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.015,
      "lon": -82.46,
      "city": "Heath",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid",
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Announced as part of $1B Licking County investment; Microsoft purchases 227 acres at 975 Thornwood Dr SW, Heath for over $32M",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Microsoft pauses all Licking County sites"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Groundbreaking February 24, 2026; AMES Construction as general contractor; mass grading began February, targeted complete November 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/heath-datacenter-construction-updates/",
        "label": "Heath datacenter construction updates - Microsoft Local",
        "publisher": "Microsoft Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/heath-columbus-ohio-break-ground-microsoft-data-center-expected-bring-hundreds-jobs-tech-technology-ai-artificial-intelligence-cloud-computing-digital-services",
        "label": "Heath breaks ground on Microsoft data center expected to bring hundreds of jobs",
        "publisher": "ABC 6 WSYX Columbus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalohio.org/ohio-data-centers-tax-breaks/",
        "label": "Ohio data centers exploit tax break",
        "publisher": "Signal Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/understanding-microsoft-datacenters-in-licking-county/",
        "label": "Understanding Microsoft datacenters in Licking County",
        "publisher": "Microsoft Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Site at 975 Thornwood Dr SW, Heath OH 43056; 227 acres. Part of Microsoft's $1B Licking County three-campus investment alongside Hebron and New Albany. Coordinates are approximate Heath city centroid; exact Thornwood Dr parcel not pinned. The $1B is Microsoft's three-campus Licking County commitment; no Heath-specific capital-investment figure is published (do not derive by subtraction).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "Powered from the AEP Ohio grid as part of Microsoft's Central Ohio (Licking County) expansion."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Microsoft's Licking County datacenters use direct evaporative cooling per Microsoft; no Heath-specific operational water-use (MGD) figure is published."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio data-center sales/use-tax exemption (R.C. 122.175), 15-yr, awarded by the Ohio Tax Credit Authority Oct 28 2024 for Microsoft's three Licking County campuses (New Albany, Heath, Hebron); combined value estimated ~$72.5M (Policy Matters Ohio), not disaggregated by site. Microsoft declined real-estate tax abatements at Hebron/Heath, benefiting Lakewood Local Schools.",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 227,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Microsoft agreed not to take real-estate tax abatements at Heath or Hebron, benefiting Lakewood Local School District. Heath Mayor praised cooperative planning process and noted off-site infrastructure improvements along Thornwood Drive corridor.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-hebron-oh",
    "name": "Microsoft Hebron Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.01,
      "lon": -82.5,
      "city": "Hebron",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid",
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Announced as part of Microsoft's $1B Licking County three-campus investment (New Albany, Heath, Hebron)",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Microsoft pauses all Licking County projects; says evaluating sites in line with investment strategy"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Groundbreaking February 24, 2026; AMES Construction contracted for civil work and mass grading; six-data-center campus planned west of Ohio 79 between High Street and Canyon Road; grading estimated complete November 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/hebron-datacenter-construction-update/",
        "label": "Hebron datacenter construction update - Microsoft Local",
        "publisher": "Microsoft Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2026/02/21/microsoft-to-built-data-center-in-hebron--ohio",
        "label": "Microsoft to build data center in Hebron, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-to-invest-1bn-in-data-center-campuses-in-central-ohio/",
        "label": "Microsoft to invest $1bn in data center campuses in Central Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalohio.org/ohio-data-centers-tax-breaks/",
        "label": "Ohio data centers exploit tax break",
        "publisher": "Signal Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/understanding-microsoft-datacenters-in-licking-county/",
        "label": "Understanding Microsoft datacenters in Licking County",
        "publisher": "Microsoft Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "223 acres west of Ohio 79, between North High Street and Canyon Road, Hebron OH 43025. Six-data-center campus planned. Part of Microsoft's $1B Licking County commitment; individual site investment not separately disclosed. Coordinates are approximate Hebron village area. The $1B figure is Microsoft's three-campus Licking County commitment (not disaggregated); an 'up to $3B' Hebron figure appears only in a secondary blog and is not a committed capital-expenditure figure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "notes": "Powered from the AEP Ohio grid as part of Microsoft's Central Ohio (Licking County) expansion."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Microsoft's Licking County datacenters use direct evaporative cooling per Microsoft; county filings cite a ~252 gal/min water-capacity request for Hebron (a capacity request, not metered consumption). No confirmed operational MGD figure is published."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio data-center sales/use-tax exemption (R.C. 122.175), 15-yr, awarded by the Ohio Tax Credit Authority Oct 28 2024 for Microsoft's three Licking County campuses (New Albany, Heath, Hebron); combined value estimated ~$72.5M (Policy Matters Ohio), not disaggregated by site. Microsoft declined real-estate tax abatements at Hebron/Heath, benefiting Lakewood Local Schools.",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 223,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Microsoft agreed not to take real-estate tax abatements, directly benefiting Lakewood Local School District. Village of Hebron approved six-data-center campus plan.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-hickory-catawba-county-nc",
    "name": "Microsoft Hickory Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7333,
      "lon": -81.3443,
      "city": "Hickory",
      "county": "Catawba",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-11",
        "note": "Announced as part of Microsoft's four-site Catawba County plan; ~160 acres west of US 321 adjacent to Hickory Lincolnton Hwy (a smaller ~16-acre Tate Blvd parcel was also identified).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-02",
        "note": "Construction resumed across the Catawba County campuses after a roughly 10-month pause.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/21437740/microsoft-plans-1-billion-campus-in-north-carolina-cloud-cluster",
        "label": "Microsoft Plans $1 Billion Campus in North Carolina Cloud Cluster",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.conovernc.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/41",
        "label": "City Releases Joint Press Statement on Microsoft",
        "publisher": "City of Conover, NC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gofoothills.com/2026/03/02/microsoft-restarts-1b-data-center-in-catawba-county/",
        "label": "Microsoft restarts $1B data center in Catawba County",
        "publisher": "Go Foothills",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a Hickory city-level approximation — the sources describe the parcel only as ~160 acres west of US 321 adjacent to Hickory Lincolnton Hwy. No per-site capacity or investment disclosed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Catawba County and the City of Hickory state the Microsoft facilities are expected to rely primarily on less water-intensive cooling methods, and project roughly 1% of Hickory's daily water production capacity once fully operational (figure covers the county-wide Microsoft development, not this site alone)."
    },
    "landAcres": 160,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-hoffman-estates-il",
    "name": "Microsoft Hoffman Estates Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0769632,
      "lon": -88.1338875,
      "city": "Hoffman Estates",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Phase 1 building (250,000 sq ft) complete and in service; a second 150,000 sq ft building and an on-site substation are under construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — Microsoft Corporation, Hoffman Estates (2021 MOU, $275,000,000 commitment, 20 new jobs)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-hoffman-estates-1",
        "label": "Microsoft Hoffman Estates 1 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rejournals.com/the-data-center-revolution-microsoft-project-in-hoffman-estates-just-one-of-many-in-illinois/",
        "label": "The data center revolution: Microsoft project in Hoffman Estates just one of many in Illinois",
        "publisher": "REJournals",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "53-acre campus on the north side of Lakewood Boulevard near Barrington Road, approved by the Hoffman Estates Village Board in May 2021. Distinct from Microsoft's Elk Grove Village and Northlake sites. Investment figure is the capital-investment commitment recorded in the state MOU; a trade-press account attributes a higher figure to the campus, so the state number is used here as the documented commitment.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Campus plans include a dedicated on-site electrical substation, approved separately from the building site plans."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 17187500,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 275000000,
    "landAcres": 53,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-irving-tx",
    "name": "Microsoft Irving Data Centers",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8295183,
      "lon": -96.9442177,
      "city": "Irving",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-irving-tx",
        "label": "Microsoft: Irving, TX Data Center — site record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/microsoft-qts-awarded-incentives-to-build-in-irving/",
        "label": "Microsoft, QTS Awarded Incentives to Build in Irving",
        "publisher": "Connect CRE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Irving City Council approved separate incentive packages for four Microsoft data centers. Terms reported: minimum 15-year leases on two buildings by the end of 2025 and on the remaining two by the end of 2026, occupancy of at least 500,000 sq ft by the end of 2026, and at least $200m of added taxable personal-property value by 2027. No street address, acreage or capacity is published in the fetched sources, so coordinates are a city-level geocode. Distinct from Microsoft's tracked San Antonio and Pecos projects.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "City of Irving 50% property tax abatement (10 years)",
        "jurisdiction": "Irving, Texas",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-kenosha-wi",
    "name": "Microsoft Kenosha Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.537,
      "lon": -87.89,
      "city": "Kenosha",
      "county": "Kenosha",
      "street": "State Highway 142 west of Interstate 94",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Microsoft acquired 240 acres NW of I-94 and Hwy 142 in Kenosha County; land was already properly zoned for data center operations (no rezoning required); Navix Engineering filed November 2024 application for four 250,000 sq ft single-story buildings with onsite substations",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-acquires-240-acres-in-kenosha-wisconsin-for-data-center-development/",
        "label": "Microsoft acquires 240 acres in Kenosha, Wisconsin, for data center development",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsItems/2-1-2025/microsoft-kenosha-wisconsin.shtml",
        "label": "Microsoft Plans Kenosha, Wisconsin, Data Center Operations",
        "publisher": "Area Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.we-energies.com/company/area",
        "label": "We Energies service area",
        "publisher": "We Energies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/we-energies-plans-new-gas-fired-power-plant-to-meet-growing-demand-in-southeast-wisconsin",
        "label": "We Energies plans new gas plant for SE Wisconsin demand",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsitems/2-1-2025/microsoft-kenosha-wisconsin.shtml",
        "label": "Area Development — Microsoft Plans Kenosha, Wisconsin, Data Center Operations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/plan-commission-approves-new-kenosha-data-center",
        "label": "Plan commission approves new Kenosha data center (four 250,000 sq ft buildings, new substation, air cooling, city sewer and water, annexation from Town of Paris, unanimous approval Nov. 22, 2024)",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wgtd.org/news/proposed-kenosha-data-center-remains-table",
        "label": "Proposed Kenosha Data Center Remains on the Table (243-acre site west of I-94 along State Highway 142; city awaiting Microsoft site plans; construction could begin 2027)",
        "publisher": "WGTD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate for NW quadrant of I-94/Hwy 142 intersection, Kenosha County. Land was already properly zoned for data center operations per DCD; Navix Engineering filed November 2024 permit application for four-building campus. Site is 6 miles south of Microsoft's Mount Pleasant facility; part of Microsoft's broader Wisconsin investment commitment. No building permit issued as of Jan 2025.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "We Energies (WEC Energy Group)",
      "notes": "We Energies serves Kenosha County; the utility received PSC approval (May 2025) for a 128 MW gas plant in the Town of Paris partly to meet data-center demand. Kenosha City Council unanimously annexed and rezoned ~240 acres (late 2024; four 250,000-sq-ft buildings planned). NOTE: Microsoft's larger Wisconsin figures ($3.3B/$4B investment, thousands of jobs) are for the SEPARATE Mount Pleasant / Racine County campus, NOT this Kenosha site; no Kenosha-specific investment, jobs, water, or site-specific tax-exemption figures have been disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "At the November 2024 plan commission hearing the developer's representative said the data center \"will be cooled by air, not water\", while the site will still be connected to Kenosha's sewer and water systems. ⚠️ This is a developer characterization at a zoning hearing, not a published design document, and operators commonly describe a recirculating closed-loop circuit as \"air-cooled\" — revisit when Microsoft files site plans, which the city was still awaiting as of June 2026."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 35000000,
    "landAcres": 240,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Community concerns about noise, traffic, and community character reported in local coverage. Specific claim of 'dozens at November 2025 public meeting' cannot be verified from sources cited in this record; removed pending a sourced reference.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-laporte-in",
    "name": "Microsoft La Porte Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.595,
      "lon": -86.735,
      "city": "La Porte",
      "county": "La Porte",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — NIPSCO",
    "announcedDate": "2024-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-06",
        "note": "Governor Holcomb announces $1B Microsoft data center at Radius Industrial Park, La Porte; announced June 4, 2024; Indiana's fourth major data center announcement of 2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Entitlement (permitting) phase completed; expanded plan to 17 buildings filed",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Site preparation began March 2026; Buildings 1-3 under construction through end of 2027; full completion expected 2029",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cityoflaporte.com/news/gov-holcomb-announces-plans-for-new-1b-microsoft-data-center-in-northwest-indiana",
        "label": "Gov. Holcomb announces plans for new $1B Microsoft Data Center in Northwest Indiana",
        "publisher": "City of La Porte, IN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-expands-plans-for-la-porte-indiana-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Microsoft expands plans for La Porte, Indiana, data center campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Radius Industrial Park, La Porte IN (La Porte County, NW Indiana). Initial plan 245,000 sq ft on 489 acres; expanded to 17 buildings with adjacent rezoning sought. First-phase six data centers plus substation. Microsoft stated 'Community-First AI Infrastructure' principles. Coordinates are approximate Radius Industrial Park area. Announcement date corrected from 2024-09 to 2024-06 per IEDC press release dated June 4, 2024.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NIPSCO"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "35-year data center sales tax credit (IEDC), extendable to 45 years per additional $1B invested within first 15 years",
        "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 489,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-lowell-township-mi",
    "name": "Microsoft Lowell Township Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.93,
      "lon": -85.352,
      "city": "Lowell Township",
      "county": "Kent",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.michiganpublic.org/politics-government/2026-05-20/why-one-michigan-township-just-rejected-data-centers-while-another-stays-open-to-them",
        "label": "Why one Michigan township just rejected data centers, while another stays open to them",
        "publisher": "Michigan Public",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Proposed ~$1B hyperscale campus at Covenant Business Park, Lowell Township, outside Grand Rapids. Originally filed under Franklin Lowell LLC / Franklin Partners (that application was withdrawn in Dec 2025 amid opposition); Microsoft has since publicly identified itself as the developer (named itself Jan 2026 per secondary reporting, not independently re-confirmed this session) and is pursuing a revamped proposal. Lowell Township's board rejected a proposed moratorium 2-5 and instead formed a committee to draft a data-center-specific ordinance -- i.e. the township itself stayed open to the project even as public reaction has been heavily negative at open houses. Only one independent outlet directly verified this session (WoodTV and Crain's Detroit coverage exist but returned 403 on fetch) -- kept at 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' pending a second direct source. Coordinates are an approximate Lowell Township estimate, not parcel-geocoded. Status re-check, NO change: the rezoning application has been neither approved nor denied - the planning commission took no decision and continued the matter to further meetings - so the record correctly stays 'proposed'. No megawatt, acreage, jobs or water figures were stated. Separately, secondary reporting says the City of Lowell suspended water/sewer negotiations with the township over the project; I could not confirm that from a fetchable page (WOODTV returned 403), so it is flagged as an unverified lead rather than recorded.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Two public open houses drew large, largely critical crowds; the township board itself voted against a moratorium and is drafting an ordinance rather than blocking the project outright."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-maiden-catawba-county-nc",
    "name": "Microsoft Maiden Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.5845,
      "lon": -81.2255,
      "city": "Maiden",
      "county": "Catawba",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-11",
        "note": "Announced as part of Microsoft's four-site Catawba County plan; ~292 acres north of W. Maiden Rd. and west of Zeb Haynes Rd.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-02",
        "note": "Construction resumed across the four Catawba County campuses after a roughly 10-month pause.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/21437740/microsoft-plans-1-billion-campus-in-north-carolina-cloud-cluster",
        "label": "Microsoft Plans $1 Billion Campus in North Carolina Cloud Cluster",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.catawbacountync.gov/news/joint-statement-on-microsoft-data-center-development-in-catawba-county/",
        "label": "Joint statement on Microsoft data center development in Catawba County",
        "publisher": "Catawba County, NC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gofoothills.com/2026/03/02/microsoft-restarts-1b-data-center-in-catawba-county/",
        "label": "Microsoft restarts $1B data center in Catawba County",
        "publisher": "Go Foothills",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Distinct site from the Apple Maiden campus already tracked (different operator, different parcel north of W. Maiden Rd.). No per-site capacity or investment disclosed; the $1B figure is Microsoft's county-wide 10-year commitment.",
    "landAcres": 292,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-malaga-wa",
    "name": "Microsoft Malaga Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.23,
      "lon": -120.2,
      "city": "Malaga",
      "county": "Chelan",
      "street": "Malaga Alcoa Highway",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 288
    },
    "poweredBy": "Chelan County PUD hydropower (carbon-free)",
    "announcedDate": "2023-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-04",
        "note": "Microsoft acquired 102.5 acres on Malaga Alcoa Highway for $9.2M across three parcels",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-03",
        "note": "Permits filed for three data center buildings on Malaga Alcoa Highway; Chelan County",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-06",
        "note": "Construction of first datacenter building commenced June 2023 per Microsoft Local blog; Jumpoff Ridge Substation also under construction on campus",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-plans-three-data-centers-in-malaga-washington/",
        "label": "Microsoft Plans Three Data Centers in Malaga, Washington",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/malaga-datacenter-project-overview/",
        "label": "Malaga Datacenter Project Overview",
        "publisher": "Microsoft Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/washington/819/microsoft-malaga-campus",
        "label": "Microsoft Malaga Campus — 288 MW capacity profile",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chelanpud.org/about-us/news/2025/06/17/pud-commissioners-approve-power-contract-for-microsoft-data-center",
        "label": "PUD commissioners approve power contract for Microsoft data center",
        "publisher": "Chelan County PUD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/communities/americas/quincy/",
        "label": "Quincy Community — Microsoft Local",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/business/chelan-county-pud-commissioners-ok-energy-contract-with-microsoft-for-malaga-data-center-buildings/article_75835428-510f-4b96-b302-f1e681b64b2b.html",
        "label": "Chelan County PUD commissioners OK energy contract with Microsoft for Malaga data center buildings",
        "publisher": "The Wenatchee World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.columbiariverkeeper.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026.02.26-Data-Center-Closer-Look-Report.pdf",
        "label": "A Closer Look: Columbia River Data Centers (February 2026) — Chelan County: 24 MW existing / 288 MW planned",
        "publisher": "Columbia Riverkeeper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cascadepbs.org/the-newsfeed-2/2026/08/washington-state-grapples-with-the-ai-data-center-boom/",
        "label": "Washington state grapples with the AI data center boom",
        "publisher": "Cascade PBS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/computing/washington-utility-district-oks-4m-investment-in-microsoft-substation",
        "label": "Washington Utility District OKs $4M Investment in Microsoft Substation",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Three-building campus at 5375 Malaga Alcoa Highway; two additional buildings possible by 2027 on demand. 288 MW figure from secondary aggregator Cleanview only; primary sources (DCD, Microsoft) do not specify MW capacity. Construction of first building began June 2023 per Microsoft Local blog; original statusHistory incorrectly dated under_construction to 2024-05. Expected operational 2026. Coordinates approximate for Malaga area on Malaga Alcoa Highway. A Building-1 permit cites ~72 peak-shift staff (a single-building figure, not a facility employment total); no confirmed total campus capital-expenditure figure is public. Go-live check 2026-08-08: NO citable operational date exists. Microsoft's own Malaga project page gives a first-phase construction window concluding in early 2026 but states plainly that \"Completion of construction does not indicate datacenter operation/availability\", and publishes no energization or service date. Secondary reporting that the first building would be \"powered in August and fully operational by late 2026\" is forward-looking and was not used to move the status. Remains under_construction. Microsoft's own Quincy/Central Washington community page states it \"operates datacenters in Quincy and is developing new datacenters in Malaga and East Wenatchee\" — positively confirming the site is not yet operational.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Chelan County PUD",
      "notes": "Carbon-free hydropower from Chelan PUD; 18 MW surplus hydropower through end of 2025, then long-term arrangement under utility energy marketing strategy. Under the June 2025 large-load contract, Microsoft will import new clean power from a third-party supplier for 2026-2040 (source undetermined); Chelan PUD is not obligated to serve its own hydropower. Microsoft funded the $86.5M Jumpoff Ridge substation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Newest AI datacenter buildings designed for no evaporative cooling water use per Microsoft Community-First blog. Earlier permit data shows ~83 gpm per building for fire suppression and employee use, not cooling."
    },
    "landAcres": 102.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Chelan County PUD commissioners approved Microsoft's large-load power contract on June 16, 2025 (the first under the PUD's new large-load framework), structured so Microsoft bears the full cost and risk of its demand. Public comments centered on preserving reliability and affordable rates for existing customers, with some concern about service priority during energy shortfalls. No litigation.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-mount-pleasant-wi",
    "name": "Microsoft Mount Pleasant Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.7209,
      "lon": -87.9023,
      "city": "Mount Pleasant",
      "county": "Racine",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (We Energies) + planned renewables",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Site reported as part of Microsoft's $80B global AI data center investment plan",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Construction active; Racine County site confirmed",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-04",
        "note": "Microsoft announced June 23, 2026 that its first Fairwater datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant is fully operational (equipment came online April 2026), with nearly 550 employees on site; a second adjacent facility remains under construction (targeted 2028).",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2024/05/08/microsoft-announces-3-3-billion-investment-in-wisconsin-to-spur-artificial-intelligence-innovation-and-economic-growth/",
        "label": "Microsoft announces $3.3 billion investment in Wisconsin (Mount Pleasant campus)",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.jsonline.com/story/money/business/2025/01/09/microsoft-data-center-racine-county/77568940007/",
        "label": "Microsoft data center coming to Racine County, Wisconsin — Milwaukee Journal Sentinel",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/09/18/made-in-wisconsin-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/",
        "label": "Made in Wisconsin: the world's most powerful AI datacenter",
        "publisher": "Microsoft On the Issues",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/microsoft-s-wisconsin-ai-campus-moves-from-construction-to-operations",
        "label": "Microsoft's Wisconsin AI Data Center Campus Now Fully Operational",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/wisconsin-data-centers-revenue-tax-subsidy-microsoft",
        "label": "Local leaders see data centers as revenue boon, but critics say subsidy programs undermine those efforts",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rcedc.org/microsoft-in-racine-county/",
        "label": "Microsoft in Racine County",
        "publisher": "Racine County Economic Development Corp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-hired-375-people-for-mount-pleasant-data-center",
        "label": "Microsoft says it hired around 375 people for its Mount Pleasant data center",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/",
        "label": "Microsoft completes construction on first datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-finishes-construction-mount-pleasant-data-center",
        "label": "Microsoft finishes construction of Mount Pleasant data center, plans for more",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/microsoft-ai-data-center-lawsuit-neighbors",
        "label": "Microsoft's $7.3 Billion AI Data Center Just Caught a Nasty Lawsuit From Furious Neighbors",
        "publisher": "Futurism",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "We Energies",
      "notes": "Microsoft pledges to match every fossil-fuel kilowatt-hour one-for-one with carbon-free energy; a 250 MW solar project in Portage County is under construction to support the commitment. No on-site generation reported."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "reportedMgd": 0.702,
      "notes": "Primarily dry cooling with evaporative backup only above ~85°F, running waterless for 90%+ of the year. 0.702 MGD is the regulatory-filing peak for the full campus (Phase 1 peak ~0.234 MGD); water is sourced from the city of Racine (Lake Michigan)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wisconsin data center sales and use tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wisconsin",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "program": "Village of Mount Pleasant incentive payments (~42% of Phase 1 revenue, capped at $5M/year)",
        "jurisdiction": "Village of Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3300000000,
    "landAcres": 1575,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2300,
      "permanent": 550,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Village and county leadership are supportive; Midwest Environmental Advocates sued the city of Racine over withheld water-usage records, and Marquette Law School polling found ~70% of Wisconsinites believe data-center costs outweigh benefits. The Microsoft deal itself carries no new public borrowing, against a Foxconn-era backdrop of local debt.",
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-mountain-west-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Project Mountain Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5385054,
      "lon": -93.8253005,
      "city": "West Des Moines",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "8855 Grand Avenue",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wdmchamber.org/economic-development/microsoft-data-centers/",
        "label": "Microsoft Data Centers - West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce",
        "publisher": "West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=8855+Grand+Ave+West+Des+Moines+IA&format=json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: 8855 Grand Ave",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Microsoft's FIRST Iowa data center campus (planned since 2008, construction from 2010, expanded 2011/2013) - a two-building campus at/near 8855 Grand Ave, distinct from the already-tracked 'Ginger West' campus (11100 Booneville Rd). Address sourced from a secondary aggregator search summary (not independently fetched this session) but independently geocode-verified as a real West Des Moines / Dallas County address via OSM Nominatim. Annual property tax ~$1.6M and $10M public infrastructure investment per WDM Chamber page (not campus construction cost).",
    "landAcres": 41,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-mwh-quincy-wa",
    "name": "Microsoft MWH Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.237888,
      "lon": -119.8875891,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "1515 Port Industrial Parkway",
      "postalCode": "98848",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2018-06-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-09-27",
        "note": "Ecology Approval Order 22AQ-E035 describes MWH Data Center as an existing data center at 1515 Port Industrial Parkway, Quincy, in Grant County; generator commissioning dates in the order run from 2015.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/Asset-Collections/Doc-Assets/Air-quality/Data-Centers/Microsoft-MWH-formerly-Oxford-data-center/20220937MicrosoftMWH22AQE035",
        "label": "Approval Order No. 22AQ-E035, Microsoft Corporation MWH Data Center (Notice of Construction, renewable diesel)",
        "publisher": "Washington State Department of Ecology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate/air-quality/data-centers",
        "label": "Data centers - air quality permits index (Quincy: Microsoft MWH, formerly Oxford)",
        "publisher": "Washington State Department of Ecology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/700001774",
        "label": "OSM way 700001774 - 'Microsoft MWH Data Center', landuse=industrial, industrial=data_centre, operator=Microsoft",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "A Microsoft Quincy campus distinct from the Columbia Data Center: Ecology permits them separately (22AQ-E035 for MWH, 25AQ-E009 for Columbia) and gives MWH its own address. Formerly permitted under the name 'Oxford'. Coordinates are the centroid of the OSM industrial-landuse polygon named for the facility. No IT-load capacity is asserted - the permit states emergency-generator ratings, which are not the same thing.",
    "emissions": {
      "permittedTpy": {
        "nox": 53,
        "co": 11,
        "pm25": 10,
        "pm10": 24,
        "so2": 0.18,
        "voc": 1.5,
        "nh3": 3.5
      },
      "basis": "facility_wide",
      "averagingPeriod": "rolling_12_month",
      "unitsCovered": "Emergency engine generators across buildings MWH 01/02/03/04/05/06",
      "permitNumber": "22AQ-E035",
      "permitType": "state_construction",
      "issuingAgency": "Washington State Department of Ecology",
      "issuedDate": "2022-09-27",
      "notes": "Table 7 of the approval order, 'Annual Emissions' column (the 'Annual with Commissioning Emissions' column is higher: PM10 25, PM2.5 10.5, CO 13, NOx 64, VOC 1.7, SO2 0.24, NH3 4.8). The order also caps diesel engine exhaust particulate at 0.97 tpy and NO2 at 5.3 tpy, and limits facility fuel consumption to 1,657,088 gallons. Permitted ceilings, not measured emissions. Permittee is classified as a synthetic minor source.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-northlake-il",
    "name": "Microsoft Northlake Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9231062,
      "lon": -87.9182633,
      "city": "Northlake",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "601 Northwest Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60164",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Two-phase facility totalling roughly 707,000 sq ft, in service since 2009 and subsequently expanded under a 2021 state MOU.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — Microsoft Corporation, Northlake (2021 MOU, $388,134,927 commitment, 20 new jobs)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-chicago-northlake",
        "label": "Microsoft Chicago Northlake Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Microsoft's Azure North Central US site at 601 Northwest Avenue, Northlake. The 158 MW figure is reported utility supply capacity from three on-site substations, not an IT load, so it is recorded under energy notes rather than capacityMw. The Aligned ORD-01/ORD-02 buildings already tracked sit on the same street but are separate operators and parcels.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Three 66 MVA on-site electrical substations reported to provide a total of 158 MW of utility power."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 24258433,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 388134927,
    "landAcres": 15,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-orchard-parkway-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Microsoft San Jose Data Center Campus (SJ04)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3796338,
      "lon": -121.9307551,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2515 Orchard Parkway",
      "postalCode": "95131",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-02-09",
        "note": "California Energy Commission issued a Notice of Preparation of a Draft EIR for the two-building campus at Orchard Parkway and Component Drive.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2023020229",
        "label": "San Jose Data Center 04 — Notice of Preparation (SCH 2023020229)",
        "publisher": "California Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (CEQAnet)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=264764&DocumentContentId=101543",
        "label": "Microsoft Fourth Revised Project Description — SJ04 (docket 22-SPPE-02, TN 264764)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission e-filing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=2515%20Orchard%20Parkway%2C%20San%20Jose%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 2515 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Distinct from the Microsoft Alviso campus already tracked: separate parcel (APNs 101-02-019 and 101-02-020 at 2515 Orchard Parkway, about 4 km from 1657 Alviso-Milpitas Road) and a separate CEC docket (22-SPPE-02 vs 19-SPPE-04). Still under CEC review as of the July 2025 fourth revised project description.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 97.8,
      "notes": "CEQA Notice of Preparation describes 37 diesel-fired backup generators totalling 97.8 MW — 32 primary 3-MW units, two 0.5-MW administrative units and two 0.8-MW storage-area units — plus an on-site substation and switchyard. PG&E has determined that reconductoring roughly 12 miles of existing transmission line would be needed to serve the project."
    },
    "landAcres": 22.29,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-osmium-west-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Project Osmium Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.500537,
      "lon": -93.7755662,
      "city": "West Des Moines",
      "county": "Warren",
      "street": "5855 SW Kerry Street",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gowestdesmoines.com/portfolio-works/microsoft-osmium-data-center/",
        "label": "Microsoft Osmium Data Center - Go West Des Moines",
        "publisher": "Go West Des Moines (city economic development)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wdmchamber.org/economic-development/microsoft-data-centers/",
        "label": "Microsoft Data Centers - West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce",
        "publisher": "West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=50061+Iowa&format=json&limit=1&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: ZIP 50061",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/",
        "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Announced 2016; Microsoft's largest Iowa campus (1.7M sq ft once built out), at 5855 SW Kerry St. Distinct parcel/campus from all currently-tracked Microsoft IA records. Other reporting (not independently fetched this session) says the site spans 160 acres in Warren County + 40 in Madison County, and totals $1.5-2B investment; only the Warren County / building-address / sqft facts below are independently confirmed via direct fetch.",
    "landAcres": 110,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-panhandle-road-mecklenburg-va",
    "name": "Microsoft Panhandle Road Campus (AVC17 expansion)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.6674,
      "lon": -78.3897,
      "city": "Boydton",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-04",
        "note": "Microsoft filed with the US Army Corps of Engineers to develop 490 acres adjacent to its existing AVC17 campus; the entire approval and construction process is expected to take four to five years.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260819033426/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-files-to-expand-data-center-campus-in-mecklenburg-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Microsoft files to expand data center campus in Mecklenburg County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "New campus on 490 acres south of Highway 58 and east of Panhandle Road, adjacent to the existing AVC17 campus and able to 'utilize nearby existing data center infrastructure' per the application. Three one-story data center buildings plus access roads, an on-site electrical substation and a water storage facility, to be built in two phases. Size and capacity were not disclosed. Application cites the southern Virginia Regional Network Group, where DCD reports existing data centers are outgrowing design capacity.",
    "landAcres": 490,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-pecos-tx",
    "name": "Microsoft Pecos Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.42,
      "lon": -103.49,
      "city": "Pecos",
      "county": "Reeves",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Behind-the-meter natural gas plant (Chevron/Energy Forge One, up to 2.67 GW; GE Vernova turbines)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Microsoft announces 2 GW campus in Pecos as one of largest single capacity additions in company history. Five-to-seven-year build-out planned.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2026/06/22/powering-the-next-wave-of-ai-expanding-capacity-with-our-new-datacenter-in-pecos/",
        "label": "Microsoft announces Pecos data center campus",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-plans-2gw-data-center-campus-in-pecos-texas/",
        "label": "Microsoft plans 2 GW data center campus in Pecos, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "7,000-acre campus in Reeves County. Natural gas plant investment estimated at $7B separate from campus construction. No groundbreaking date reported as of July 2026; coordinates are Pecos city center as exact parcel not disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Chevron/Energy Forge One LLC",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 2670,
      "notes": "20-year PPA with Energy Forge One (Chevron subsidiary) for dedicated behind-the-meter natural gas plant (~$7B plant cost). GE Vernova and Caterpillar/Solar Turbines. Campus designed to eventually integrate with ERCOT regional grid."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling designed to minimize water use, compared by Microsoft to a fast-food restaurant on a lifecycle basis."
    },
    "landAcres": 7000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 6000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Reeves County Judge Leo Hung is quoted welcoming the project at its June 2026 announcement; Microsoft describes a planned 'Community First approach' with future community meetings, but no meetings/hearings have occurred yet as of the article date and no opposition is documented. Checked: Microsoft's own announcement blog post only -- this is official/company-sourced reaction at announcement stage, not an independent local-news check.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-person-county-roxboro-nc",
    "name": "Microsoft Person County Mega Park",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.396,
      "lon": -78.9828,
      "city": "Roxboro",
      "county": "Person",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Duke Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Microsoft bought the 1,385-acre Person County Mega Park (Woodsdale) for ~$26.85M and began permitting; powered by Duke Energy (large-load contract filed under seal)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://businessnc.com/microsoft-buys-person-county-mega-park-for-27-million/",
        "label": "Microsoft buys Person County Mega Park for $27 million",
        "publisher": "Business North Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-to-start-permitting-for-1385-acre-data-center-campus-in-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Microsoft to start permitting for 1,385-acre data center campus in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/person-county-microsoft-data-center-discussion-june-2026/",
        "label": "WRAL — \"Microsoft hosts meeting on future Person County data center\" (June 2026)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "1,385-acre Person County Mega Park (Woodsdale township, near Roxboro); ~$26.85M land purchase. Powered by Duke Energy per a Q4-2025 8-K; the campus's MW is in a large-load contract filed under seal (NCUC) — not publicly disclosed (omitted). Coordinates are the Roxboro / Woodsdale area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy"
    },
    "landAcres": 1385,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Advocacy group Clean Water for NC organized a petition and community meeting (Sept 2025) after commissioners said Microsoft had shared no official plans; at a Microsoft-hosted community meeting in June 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-project-nova-caledonia-wi",
    "name": "Project Nova Data Center Campus (Caledonia)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8210813,
      "lon": -87.8501324,
      "city": "Caledonia",
      "county": "Racine",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-29",
        "note": "Caledonia Plan Commission voted 5-2 to rezone the 244-acre site from agriculture to light manufacturing and office; a Village Board vote was scheduled for Oct. 14, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-10-08",
        "note": "Microsoft withdrew the rezoning request: \"Based on the community feedback we heard, we have chosen not to move forward with this site.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/caledonia-rezoning-microsoft-data-center-wisconsin",
        "label": "Wisconsin village's plan commission approves rezoning for Microsoft data center",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tmj4.com/news/racine-county/microsoft-pulls-plug-on-plans-for-244-acre-data-center-in-caledonia-after-community-pushback",
        "label": "Microsoft pulls plug on plans for 244-acre data center in Caledonia after community pushback",
        "publisher": "TMJ4 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/microsoft-cancels-wisconsin-data-center-154306947.html",
        "label": "Microsoft cancels Wisconsin data center (Project Nova) — three buildings and a 15-acre substation",
        "publisher": "Tom's Hardware via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"Project Nova, Caledonia\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Botting+Road%2C+Caledonia%2C+Racine+County%2C+Wisconsin&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Botting Road, Caledonia, Racine County, WI (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Microsoft's third Racine County site, known internally as Project Nova: 244 acres of farmland at County Line Road and State Highway 32 (Douglas Avenue/Botting Road area), southwest of the We Energies Oak Creek Power Plant, planned for three data center structures plus a 15-acre electrical substation. Distinct from Microsoft's Mount Pleasant campus and its Kenosha site. WPR reported the project would have employed \"anywhere from 50 to 200 people\" with \"about 300 to 400 construction workers\" — a range, so no jobs figures are recorded here. Coordinates are a street-level geocode of Botting Road, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "landAcres": 244,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 2,000 people signed a petition opposing the rezoning. Microsoft said it remains committed to finding another site in Caledonia or elsewhere in Racine County.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-ruthenium-west-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Project Ruthenium Data Center",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4999095,
      "lon": -93.8098423,
      "city": "West Des Moines",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gowestdesmoines.com/portfolio-works/microsoft-ruthenium-data-center/",
        "label": "Microsoft Ruthenium Data Center - Go West Des Moines",
        "publisher": "Go West Des Moines (city economic development)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/microsoft-wants-bring-sixth-data-120422896.html",
        "label": "Microsoft wants to bring a sixth data center, called Ruthenium, to West Des Moines",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News (via Des Moines Register)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Woodland+Avenue+Madison+County+Iowa&format=json&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Woodland Avenue, Madison County",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Planned 6th Microsoft hyperscale campus in the WDM area - along Veterans Parkway at Woodland Ave, 'just west of Osmium.' Would be Microsoft's first Madison County site (4th distinct county for Microsoft in the WDM area, after Polk/Dallas/Warren). Widely-reported $210M phase-1 investment / 113 MW / 245,000 sq ft first building figures (businessrecord.com, AOL/Yahoo condensed versions) could NOT be independently confirmed via direct fetch this session (businessrecord.com and DCD both 403'd repeatedly) — omitted per source-integrity rule rather than included on trust.",
    "landAcres": 132,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-san-antonio-expansion-tx",
    "name": "Microsoft San Antonio SAT89/SAT90 Data Centers",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.35,
      "lon": -98.88,
      "city": "Castroville",
      "county": "Medina",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (CPS Energy / renewable-matched)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "Permit filings submitted for two new single-story data centers (SAT89 and SAT90) along US Hwy 90 in Medina County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Construction scheduled to begin June 2025; completion targeted July 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-files-for-data-center-campus-outside-san-antonio/",
        "label": "Microsoft files for data center campus outside San Antonio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/news/microsoft-s-1-5-billion-data-center-expansion-in-san-antonio",
        "label": "Microsoft $1.5 billion data center expansion in San Antonio",
        "publisher": "Datacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/data-center-water-shortage-medina-county/",
        "label": "How One Texas County Struck a Deal With Its Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Texas Monthly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sanantonioreport.org/medina-county-farmland-data-centers-strain/",
        "label": "Data centers replacing Medina County farmland, straining resources",
        "publisher": "San Antonio Report",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Two single-story facilities (SAT89 and SAT90), each 244,700 sq ft, along US Hwy 90 in Medina County. Part of Microsoft's broader San Antonio campus (operating since 2005). $765M investment covers the two new buildings; broader expansion including Texas Research Park adds another $1B. Coordinates are approximate Castroville area centroid; exact parcel not publicly identified. Completion target corrected to July 2027 per permit filings. Tax abatements for SAT89/SAT90 are shielded under Texas competitive-information law (a Chapter 312 abatement is confirmed only for the earlier SAT82 building); site-specific job counts are unpublished (an earlier SAT82 building cited ~50 permanent / ~1,500 construction).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Microsoft has contracted 4.7 GW of renewable electricity in Texas statewide. Individual facility utility not confirmed in available sources."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Microsoft switched the Medina County design from evaporative to air-cooling at the request of Yancey Water Supply (which serves the area), cutting projected water use ~85% (~150,000 gpd). No site-specific residual water-use (MGD) figure is published."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 765000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Medina County, west of San Antonio, hosts one of the densest Microsoft data-center clusters in the U.S.; residents and officials have raised concern over farmland conversion and groundwater strain, while the local tax base benefits and a cooperative water-supply redesign (air-cooling) resolved one supplier's objection. No litigation found.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-silver-springs-lyon-county-nv",
    "name": "Microsoft Silver Springs Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.373597,
      "lon": -119.2267443,
      "city": "Silver Springs",
      "county": "Lyon",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-05",
        "note": "Lyon County approved conditional use permits for the two Microsoft-affiliated substations serving the Silver Springs campus; a parcel map consolidating six Microsoft-owned parcels totalling about 274 acres into three was also approved.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://citizenportal.ai/articles/7417886/nevada/lyon-county/planning-commission-recommends-approval-of-two-microsoft-substations-in-silver-springs-amid-neighbor-concerns",
        "label": "Planning commission recommends approval of two Microsoft substations in Silver Springs amid neighbor concerns",
        "publisher": "Citizen Portal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.basinandrangewatch2.org/data-centers",
        "label": "Data Centers - Silver Springs data center and Silver Springs 345 kV transmission line, ROW application September 2024, revised plan of development April 2026",
        "publisher": "Basin and Range Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blm.gov/announcement/blm-issues-decision-silver-springs-345kv-fold",
        "label": "BLM issues decision for Silver Springs 345kV Fold",
        "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Land Management",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "A distinct Microsoft site from the Victory Logistics District land in Fernley that the tracker already carries. Microsoft owns roughly 274 acres in Silver Springs, restructured into three parcels of about 223.18, 32.6 and 18.7 acres. The BLM decision notice for the 345 kV fold names NV Energy as applicant and does not mention Microsoft or a data center; the Microsoft linkage comes from the county proceedings and the Basin and Range Watch summary. No building programme, capacity figure or construction start has been sourced. Coordinates are the Silver Springs reference point, not a parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Served by two approved substations north of U.S. Highway 50: the roughly 32.59-acre 'Nighthawk' 345/120 kV regional substation, which NV Energy will own and operate as part of its Greenlink interconnection plans, and a separate roughly 18.7-acre 120 kV substation stepping power down for the adjacent data center. A 345 kV transmission fold connecting to Greenlink West and the Nighthawk substation received a BLM decision on June 18, 2026."
    },
    "landAcres": 274,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Nearby property owners objected at the Lyon County Planning Commission over proximity to residential land, structure heights of up to roughly 150 feet, noise and notice. Proposed mitigations include setbacks, limited night lighting and perimeter security structures.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-skipwith-road-campus-mecklenburg-va",
    "name": "Microsoft Skipwith Road Campus (LYH03)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.6798,
      "lon": -78.4194,
      "city": "Boydton",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "permitted per USACE Norfolk District Public Notice NAO-2022-02394 / VMRC# 22-V2715, Microsoft Data Center, Mecklenburg County, Virginia",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Media/Public-Notices/Article/3357496/nao-2022-02394-vmrc-22-v2715-microsoft-data-center-mecklenburg-county-virginia/",
        "label": "USACE Norfolk District Public Notice NAO-2022-02394 / VMRC# 22-V2715, Microsoft Data Center, Mecklenburg County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-files-for-six-building-data-center-campus-in-virginias-mecklenburg-county/",
        "label": "Microsoft files for six-building data center campus in Virginia's Mecklenburg County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/microsoft-submits-plans-for-a-six-building-data-center-facility-in-mecklenburg-county-virginia",
        "label": "Microsoft Submits Plans For a Six-Building Data Center Facility in Mecklenburg County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Site plans depict six buildings of equal size (LYH03-01 through -08 building series referenced in reporting). Filed as an addition to Microsoft's Southern Virginia Regional Network Group due to capacity growth. USACE public notice establishes this as a real, government-docketed wetlands/streams impact permit application, not mere rumor. Mecklenburg County also has separate/adjacent Microsoft filings for a 132-acre Tunstall Road site and a 259-acre Lakeside Commerce Park parcel and a reported 490-acre expansion adjacent to 'AVC17' — those may represent additional distinct sites but could not be individually confirmed to primary-source case numbers this session; flagged for a future pass rather than included speculatively. Coordinates are Boydton, VA town-centroid (approximate); exact Skipwith/Butler Farm Road intersection not independently geocoded this session.",
    "landAcres": 369,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-tunstall-road-hillcrest-mecklenburg-va",
    "name": "Microsoft Tunstall Road Campus (Hillcrest / AVC09)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.74254,
      "lon": -78.10265,
      "city": "South Hill",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Media/Public-Notices/Article/3090248/nao-2013-01922-hillcrest-data-center-mecklenburg-county/",
        "label": "NAO-2013-01922, Hillcrest Data Center, Mecklenburg County",
        "publisher": "USACE Norfolk District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-files-for-permit-to-build-data-center-campus-in-mecklenburg-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Microsoft files for permit to build data center campus in Mecklenburg County (named corroboration only, DCD 403-blocks fetch)",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services.arcgis.com/O8ZpeBC0xLM5nL34/arcgis/rest/services/MeckParcels_TammyTest20221101/FeatureServer/0/query?where=OBJECTID%3D33037&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Mecklenburg County parcel/GIS record (parcel OBJECTID 33037 / ParcelNumber 002)",
        "publisher": "Mecklenburg County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/virginia/richmond/microsoft-hillcrest-avc01/",
        "label": "datacentermap.com — Microsoft Hillcrest Data Center (AVC09)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "A genuinely separate Microsoft campus filing: 132-acre site at 210 Tunstall Road (north of South Hill, between N. Mecklenburg Ave and I-85), internally referred to as the 'Hillcrest Data Center' (AVC09), part of Microsoft's Regional Network Group. Land acquired ~2020, zoning approved early 2021, three data center buildings + substation planned, build-out targeted ~2024. USACE Norfolk District docket NAO-2013-01922 'Hillcrest Data Center, Mecklenburg County' is the primary federal permit citation (case number is anomalous — likely a docket-numbering artifact reused from an earlier case series; ",
    "landAcres": 132,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-tyrone-ga",
    "name": "Microsoft Tyrone Campus (Project Rita)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.494,
      "lon": -84.588,
      "city": "Tyrone",
      "county": "Fayette",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 96
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-11",
        "note": "DRI (Development of Regional Impact) application filed; project first surfaced publicly",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-03-28",
        "note": "Rezoning approved by Tyrone Town Council",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-05-05",
        "note": "Microsoft publicly confirmed the project via Microsoft Local blog; no site plan or building permits filed as of June 2 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-confirms-plans-for-data-center-in-tyrone-georgia/",
        "label": "Microsoft confirms plans for data center in Tyrone, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/96mw-data-center-campus-proposed-in-tyrone-georgia/",
        "label": "96MW data center campus proposed in Tyrone, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tyronega.gov/datacenter",
        "label": "Data Center Information - Town of Tyrone, GA",
        "publisher": "Town of Tyrone",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/tyrone-datacenter-update/",
        "label": "Tyrone Datacenter Update - Microsoft Local",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/microsoft-to-build-data-center-in-tyrone-georgia",
        "label": "Microsoft to Build Data Center in Tyrone, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2024/03/19/now-its-tyrones-turn-for-a-big-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Now it's Tyrone's turn for a big data center project",
        "publisher": "The Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-07",
    "notes": "Two-building campus (two 48 MW buildings = 96 MW, ~490,000-500,000 sq ft) plus an on-site substation; codename Project Rita. Part of Microsoft's East US 3 Azure region (planned 2027). Total site ~161 acres (~146.4 in Tyrone + ~14.5 in Fairburn). As of June 2 2026 no site plan or building permits filed. Microsoft requested no tax abatements (none offered). No investment figure disclosed. Coordinates approximate (address-derived; 2044 GA-74). Estimated ~4,000 gallons/day operational water use.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Utility not named in any public filing. Georgia Power is the incumbent Fayette County utility but is not source-confirmed for this project. Microsoft said it will pay for transmission/substation improvements and that costs should not transfer to residential ratepayers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Source: Fayette County Water System. Microsoft estimates ~4,000 gallons/day operational."
    },
    "landAcres": 161,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "2024 rezoning drew limited opposition; by 2026 residents launched a Change.org petition seeking an independent environmental/infrastructure study and a moratorium on future data centers."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "microsoft-van-meter-ia",
    "name": "Microsoft Van Meter Data Center (Vision Park)",
    "operator": "Microsoft",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5332166,
      "lon": -93.9548406,
      "city": "Van Meter",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aol.com/microsofts-van-meter-data-center-120442101.html",
        "label": "Microsoft's Van Meter data center signals expansion beyond West Des Moines",
        "publisher": "AOL (via Des Moines Register)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Van+Meter+IA&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Van Meter, IA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Microsoft's FIRST data center site outside the West Des Moines cluster - farmland acquired in Van Meter's Vision Park (a state-certified shovel-ready site since 2014). investmentUsd of $40M is the LAND purchase only, not construction capex. Status is early planning per the only source independently fetched this session (no confirmed site plan / construction start as of that article). Other reporting suggests up to 10 buildings and a much larger eventual campus, and a March 2026 Van Meter city council packet referenced an active 'Project Approvals' process, but neither was independently fetched/verified this session - flagging for a future pass to check current status.",
    "investmentUsd": 40000000,
    "landAcres": 414,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Van Meter City Administrator Liz Faust acknowledged (2024-02-02) that this project is distinguished from Microsoft's other Dallas County-area sites by having 'a residential neighborhood already next to it,' and committed only to keeping residents' interests in mind 'when we reach that phase of planning.' No formal hearing had occurred yet as of the article date; Microsoft's community-engagement process and formal city review were both still pending. Using 'mixed' because a real, named proximity concern is on record even though no organized opposition or support campaign has been documented yet.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "midamerican-holliday-creek-solar-ia",
    "name": "Holliday Creek Solar",
    "operator": "MidAmerican Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5671497,
      "lon": -94.101957,
      "county": "Webster County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-07-27",
        "note": "MidAmerican completed its 100 MW Holliday Creek solar array in Webster County, the largest of its six inaugural solar projects, with 265,000 panels.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.midamericanenergy.com/newsroom/2022-holliday-creek",
        "label": "MidAmerican powers-up its largest solar array, sixth in 2022",
        "publisher": "MidAmerican Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/15697742.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap relation 15697742 - Holliday Creek Solar (100 MW, EIA 64738, in service 2022-07)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "MidAmerican's own release places the array in Webster County northeast of Fort Dodge; county-level reporting describes it as about three miles southeast of Badger on roughly 700 acres. Acreage is not asserted here because it was not stated in a source retrieved this session.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "265,000 panels; utility states peak output can serve the equivalent of 19,000 average Iowa homes. EIA plant ID 64738. Located northeast of Fort Dodge, near Badger."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "midamerican-knoxville-bess-ia",
    "name": "MidAmerican Energy Knoxville Battery Storage",
    "operator": "MidAmerican Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.315934,
      "lon": -93.0608256,
      "city": "Knoxville",
      "county": "Marion County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019",
        "note": "1 MW / 4 MWh utility-scale battery pilot announced November 2018 and now in operation in Knoxville, able to supply about 900 average Iowa homes for up to four hours.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.midamericanenergy.com/battery-storage",
        "label": "Battery Storage - MidAmerican Energy",
        "publisher": "MidAmerican Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/way/1088636714.json",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 1088636714 - Knoxville Power Plant (oil;battery, 17.1 MW, EIA 62569;7849)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate: the OpenStreetMap object covers the whole Knoxville Power Plant site, which includes an older oil-fired peaker as well as the battery, so the point is the site centroid rather than the battery footprint. Only the 1 MW battery is recorded here - the 17.1 MW site figure includes the peaker and must not be read as storage capacity. Small pilot asset; flagged for the reviewer in case the project's scope excludes sub-5 MW pilots.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "4 MWh of storage. Framed by the utility as a pilot for pairing storage with its roughly 2,600 wind turbines to manage intermittency and peak demand. Co-located with MidAmerican's Knoxville peaking plant, which OpenStreetMap/EIA-860 record as a combined 17.1 MW oil-and-battery site (EIA plant IDs 62569 and 7849)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "midcon-recovery-solutions-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "MIDCON Recovery Solutions Data Center",
    "operator": "MIDCON Recovery Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.618,
      "lon": -97.567,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational Tier IV data center of roughly 60,000 sq ft in the Quail Springs Business Park, northwest Oklahoma City.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "Where are data centers being built across Oklahoma? — MIDCON Recovery Solutions",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — MIDCON, Quail Springs",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "~60,000 sq ft Tier IV colocation/disaster-recovery facility in the Quail Springs Business Park. Coordinates are approximate to the Quail Springs area of northwest Oklahoma City; no street address is given in the cited sources.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "midwest-power-investors-rochelle-il",
    "name": "Steward Drive Data Center (Rochelle)",
    "operator": "Midwest Power Investors LLC (LFF Industrial)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8979132,
      "lon": -89.0482469,
      "city": "Rochelle",
      "county": "Ogle",
      "street": "Steward Drive",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Rochelle City Council rejected the development agreement 0-7 on 27 April 2026 after tabling it in March.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockfordnewsfirst.com/2026/04/28/rochelle-city-council-unanimously-rejects-data-center-proposal/",
        "label": "Rochelle City Council unanimously rejects data center proposal",
        "publisher": "Rockford News First",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Proposed along Steward Drive in Rochelle, which operates its own municipal electric utility. The initial phase would have required at least 48 MW, with later phases expanding to about 150 MW; the recorded planned capacity is the full-build figure. The mayor cited projected Illinois capacity shortfalls from 2029.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents raised concerns about environmental impact and utility bills during a roughly two-year review; the mayor asked the council to vote the development agreement down.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "milligan-1-wind-saline-ne",
    "name": "Milligan I Wind Project",
    "operator": "EDF Renewables",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5011,
      "lon": -97.3903,
      "city": "Milligan",
      "county": "Saline",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-09-01",
        "note": "OPPD power purchase agreement for the project's full 300 MW capacity took effect September 1, 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.edf-re.com/press-release/edf-renewables-north-america-acquires-nebraska-wind-project/",
        "label": "EDF Renewables North America Acquires Nebraska Wind Project",
        "publisher": "EDF Renewables",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oppdthewire.com/new-agreement-provides-oppd-with-300-megawatts-of-wind-energy/",
        "label": "Agreement adds 300 MW of wind energy to portfolio",
        "publisher": "OPPD - The Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "offtaker": "Omaha Public Power District",
      "notes": "300 MW project in Saline County acquired by EDF Renewables from its developer; originally structured to \"sell its generated energy and Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) into the Southwest Power Pool.\" OPPD subsequently contracted for the project's full capacity effective September 1, 2024."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "miningstore-eldora-township-ia",
    "name": "MiningStore Eldora Township Site",
    "operator": "MiningStore",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3622,
      "lon": -93.0996,
      "city": "Eldora",
      "county": "Hardin",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-01-24",
        "note": "Hardin County Zoning Adjustment Board signed a conditional use permit for the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/energy/hardin-county-approves-two-crypto-mining-sites/",
        "label": "Hardin County approves two crypto mining sites",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://miningstore.com/miningstore-62-5-mw-bitcoin-mining-in-iowa/",
        "label": "MiningStore — 62.5 MW of bitcoin mining in Iowa (eleven Iowa facilities, locations unnamed)",
        "publisher": "MiningStore",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "One of two small crypto mining sites approved by the Hardin County Zoning Adjustment Board on 2023-01-24. Three modular container structures next to a Midland Power Cooperative substation, drawing 5 MW. Whether the site was subsequently built and energised is not established by the cited source — status reflects the permit, not confirmed operation. MiningStore's own site claims 62.5 MW of operating capacity across eleven unnamed Iowa facilities, which is consistent with, but does not individually confirm, this location.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Midland Power Cooperative",
      "notes": "Sited next to a Midland Power Cooperative electrical substation. The Gazette reported Midland Power Cooperative gets at least 46 percent of its power from coal, per the co-op's own website."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Approved by conditional use permit rather than the rezoning MiningStore originally requested. Permit conditions: noise-buffering material on the site fences, a $75,000 surety bond for future decommissioning, new permits at each lease renewal, and posted emergency contact information at a prominent location on the Eldora site. Elsewhere in the region the company met refusals — Black Hawk County supervisors declined a rezoning for a crypto farm in August 2022 citing noise and energy use, and Grundy County voted down a proposed second MiningStore location.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "miningstore-grundy-center-ia",
    "name": "MiningStore Grundy Center Facility",
    "operator": "MiningStore",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.37,
      "lon": -92.925,
      "city": "Grundy Center",
      "county": "Grundy",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2019",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/grundy-county-bitcoin-mining-facility-destroyed-by-fire-sunday/article_444b579a-3015-547b-9415-e86bddd73150.html",
        "label": "Grundy County Bitcoin mining facility destroyed by fire Sunday",
        "publisher": "The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://miningstore.com/case-study/grundy-county-rural-electric-cooperative/",
        "label": "Grundy County Rural Electric Cooperative case study",
        "publisher": "MiningStore",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Opened 2020 as one of Iowa's first bitcoin mines (~5.6-7MW, ~1,700 mining computers per company materials and GEM.wiki), powered by a mix of surplus wind and grid power via Grundy County Rural Electric Cooperative; consumed more electricity than the town of Grundy Center's residential customers combined. Destroyed by fire on 2025-01-09 (structure fully vented/burned before crews arrived per Grundy County Emergency Management Coordinator, quoted in The Gazette); MiningStore could not be reached for comment on rebuild plans at the time, and no primary-source confirmation of a rebuild/reopening was found this pass (2026-08). MiningStore's own site still advertises 11 total Iowa facilities (62.5MW combined) but names no city/county for any site except this one, and does not clarify whether the Grundy Center site is among the 11 currently listed as live — see held item on the other 10 unnamed sites. Capacity omitted per cancelled-status convention.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "curtailed_renewable"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "miningstore-st-anthony-ia",
    "name": "MiningStore St. Anthony Site",
    "operator": "MiningStore",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1355,
      "lon": -93.1988,
      "city": "St. Anthony",
      "county": "Marshall",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/energy/hardin-county-approves-two-crypto-mining-sites/",
        "label": "Hardin County approves two crypto mining sites — 'MiningStore also has a site in Marshall County, near St. Anthony'",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "The Gazette reported in February 2023 that MiningStore 'also has a site in Marshall County, near St. Anthony,' and summarised the company as then having sites in Grundy, Hardin and Marshall counties. No capacity, container count, permit date or utility is given for this site in the cited source, and none was found elsewhere this session. Recorded as a thin, single-source existence claim for maintainer follow-up rather than a fully characterised facility.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "miningstore-union-township-hardin-ia",
    "name": "MiningStore Union Township Site",
    "operator": "MiningStore",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2453,
      "lon": -93.0788,
      "city": "Union",
      "county": "Hardin",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-01-24",
        "note": "Hardin County Zoning Adjustment Board signed a conditional use permit for the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/energy/hardin-county-approves-two-crypto-mining-sites/",
        "label": "Hardin County approves two crypto mining sites",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://miningstore.com/miningstore-62-5-mw-bitcoin-mining-in-iowa/",
        "label": "MiningStore — 62.5 MW of bitcoin mining in Iowa (eleven Iowa facilities, locations unnamed)",
        "publisher": "MiningStore",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "The second of two small crypto mining sites approved by the Hardin County Zoning Adjustment Board on 2023-01-24, in Union Township. Three modular container structures next to a Midland Power Cooperative substation, drawing 5 MW. Whether the site was subsequently built and energised is not established by the cited source — status reflects the permit, not confirmed operation.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Midland Power Cooperative",
      "notes": "Sited next to a Midland Power Cooperative electrical substation. The Gazette reported Midland Power Cooperative gets at least 46 percent of its power from coal, per the co-op's own website."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Approved by conditional use permit rather than the rezoning MiningStore originally requested. Permit conditions: noise-buffering material on the site fences, a $75,000 surety bond for future decommissioning, and new permits at each lease renewal.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mission-college-data-center-santa-clara-ca",
    "name": "Mission College Data Center",
    "operator": "Oppidan",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3887231,
      "lon": -121.9668334,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2305 Mission College Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2020-08-13",
        "note": "Notice of Determination filed for the Mission College Data Center; the CEC granted the small power plant exemption for the associated backup generating facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/reciprocating-engine/mission-college-data-center",
        "label": "Mission College Data Center (19-SPPE-05)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2020040254/3",
        "label": "Mission College Data Center — Notice of Determination (SCH 2020040254)",
        "publisher": "California Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (CEQAnet)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=2305%20Mission%20College%20Boulevard%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 2305 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Two three-story data center buildings totalling 490,000 sq ft at Mission College Boulevard and Agnew Road. Operator is recorded as the applicant of record in both fetched filings; secondary reporting associates the site with Amazon Web Services, but no source fetched this session states that, so it is deliberately not asserted here.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 78.1,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 19-SPPE-05: 43 diesel-fired emergency generators rated 2.5 MW each, arranged in two generation yards, plus two 600 kW house-power units — 78.1 MW total. Electricity is supplied by Silicon Valley Power through a new distribution substation the utility will build and operate on the northeast corner of the site."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mlp-ventures-plymouth-township-conshohocken-pa",
    "name": "MLP Ventures Plymouth Township Data Center (former Cleveland-Cliffs Conshohocken plant)",
    "operator": "MLP Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.086,
      "lon": -75.312,
      "city": "Conshohocken",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "street": "900 Conshohocken Road",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Zoning application (special exception) before the Plymouth Township Zoning Board.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://metrophiladelphia.com/stories/plymouth-township-data-center-proposal,145572",
        "label": "Battle begins over proposed data center in Plymouth Township",
        "publisher": "Metro Philadelphia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/stories/developer-proposes-another-hyperscale-data-center-in-montco,40801",
        "label": "Developer proposes another hyperscale data center in MontCo",
        "publisher": "The Chestnut Hill Local",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://northpennnow.com/news/2025/oct/07/proposed-data-center-in-plymouth-township-faces-roadblocks/",
        "label": "Proposed data center in Plymouth Township faces roadblocks",
        "publisher": "North Penn Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Proposed ~2 million sq ft hyperscale data center converting the former Cleveland-Cliffs/Alan Wood steel mill at 900 Conshohocken Road in the Connaughtown section of Plymouth Township, Montgomery County. Roughly 66-acre heavy-industrial parcel; developer Brian O'Neill (MLP Ventures) cites ~$9B investment and ~110 permanent jobs (~55 per shift). Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the cited street address.",
    "investmentUsd": 9000000000,
    "landAcres": 66,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 110,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Application drew heavy opposition from residents and business owners at the Plymouth Township Zoning Board hearing (June 2026).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mmm-acquisitions-bells-ferry-marietta-ga",
    "name": "Bells Ferry Road Data Center (MMM Acquisitions)",
    "operator": "MMM Acquisitions LLC (developer; end user undisclosed)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9916854,
      "lon": -84.5507217,
      "city": "Marietta",
      "county": "Cobb",
      "street": "1751 Bells Ferry Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-06-17",
        "note": "Marietta City Council approved rezoning of 31.437 acres from CRC to LI plus a special land use permit, for two data center buildings (213,600 sq ft and 133,600 sq ft), a 4-acre substation and a stormwater detention pond.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/cobb-county/marietta-city-council-approves-plan-31-acre-data-center/UIDXM4QEJ5EMDGAQMPLRENRRF4/",
        "label": "Marietta City Council approves plan for 31-acre data center",
        "publisher": "WSB-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "347,200 sq ft across two buildings near Interstate 75. The site previously held a cell tower and five billboards; the SLUP allows relocating the tower. No megawatt figure is asserted here — a 108 MW figure appears in trade coverage that could not be retrieved this session. Coordinates are approximate to Bells Ferry Road.",
    "landAcres": 31.44,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mon-power-maidsville-energy-center-monongalia-county-wv",
    "name": "Maidsville Energy Center",
    "operator": "Mon Power / Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6739,
      "lon": -79.9247,
      "city": "Maidsville",
      "county": "Monongalia",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.dominionpost.com/2026/05/13/mon-power-potomac-edison-moving-forward-on-new-gas-fired-power-plant/",
        "label": "Mon Power/Potomac Edison moving forward on new gas-fired power plant",
        "publisher": "The Dominion Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/07/17/consultant-testifies-mon-power-gas-plant-planned-for-data-centers-not-cost-free-to-other-customers/",
        "label": "Consultant testifies Mon Power gas plant planned for data centers not \"cost-free\" to other customers",
        "publisher": "WV MetroNews",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "No confirmed single offtaker as of 2026-09-10; the project is Mon Power/Potomac Edison's general system-capacity response to forecast data-center-driven load growth in its West Virginia/Maryland service territory, not a dedicated behind-the-meter plant for one named facility, so `generation.offtaker` and `poweredFacilityIds` are omitted rather than guessed. A companion filing in the same PSC docket also covers roughly 70MW of solar capacity at sites in Weirton, Davis, and Albright, WV, not itself researched or recorded here.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "Combined-cycle gas turbine plant, named \"Maidsville Energy Center,\" proposed by Mon Power and Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy) at a site adjacent to their existing coal-fired Fort Martin Power Station in Monongalia County. Filed with the WV Public Service Commission for a certificate of need/necessity; PSC comment hearings were held June-July 2026 with, per the WV MetroNews report, no speakers in support at the July hearing. As of the sources retrieved (2026-09-10) no PSC decision had been reported. Reported capacity and cost figures vary across contemporaneous coverage: the Dominion Post (2026-05-13) reported the companies were evaluating either a '1,200 MW gross / 1,050 MW net' or a '1,350 MW gross / 1,200 MW net' configuration at a total project cost of $2.476 billion; other outlets in the same period cited a flat '1,200-megawatt' headline figure and cost estimates ranging $2.4-2.84 billion. This record uses the widely repeated 1,200 MW headline figure as 'planned' without normalizing the gross/net distinction. Expected commercial operation date Dec. 31, 2031, with construction beginning as early as 2027. The companies did not name a specific data-center customer in the sources retrieved: WV MetroNews (2026-07-17) reported Mon Power 'has been in discussions with three data center developers' who would be the plant's electricity users, with contract details to be filed with the PSC 'as soon as we sign a contract with one of the vendors.' A separate, unconfirmed figure of a '1,012-megawatt data center project yet to finalize a construction contract' appeared in secondary reporting on the same PSC proceeding but was not independently verified against a primary source in this research pass, so it is recorded here as a lead, not a fact, and is deliberately excluded from this record's structured fields."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "monarch-cloud-campus-generation-mason-county-wv",
    "name": "Monarch Cloud Campus On-Site Generation (864-engine natural gas microgrid)",
    "operator": "Monarch Cloud Campus LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.8514,
      "lon": -82.1352,
      "city": "Point Pleasant",
      "county": "Mason",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2160
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/new-permits-eyed-for-mason-co-data-center-tied-project-after-eight-figure-wv-support/article_4cf595a0-abef-4dac-8117-4ef159ca8a81.html",
        "label": "New permits eyed for Mason Co. data center-tied project after eight-figure WV support",
        "publisher": "Herald-Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvexplorer.com/2025/12/18/west-virginia-data-centers-push/",
        "label": "Data centers collide with West Virginia's new profitable remote-work, recreation brand",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Explorer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nscale.com/press-releases/nscale-west-virginia-ai-factory",
        "label": "Nscale and Microsoft Announce Collaboration with NVIDIA and Caterpillar to Deliver 1.35GW of NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 GPUs at Flagship AI Factory Campus in West Virginia",
        "publisher": "Nscale",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "This is the on-site generation component of the Monarch Cloud Campus (see facility id nscale-monarch-mason-county-wv), which began as Fidelis New Energy's hydrogen-focused 'Mountaineer GigaSystem.' Nscale acquired the project (via acquisition of AIPCorp, sponsored by Fidelis New Energy and 8090 Industries) in March 2026 and reconfigured it toward direct natural-gas generation for data centers. West Virginia's Economic Development Authority approved up to $62.5 million in forgivable loans for the original Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC project under the High Impact Development Project program in August 2023; whether that award transferred to Nscale/Monarch Cloud Campus LLC was not confirmed in this research pass.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Off-grid microgrid; 864 natural gas-fueled reciprocating internal combustion engines per the April 20, 2026 WV DEP air quality construction permit application, plus roughly 120 additional engines for emergency power, fire-water pumping and heating fuel gas per the same filing."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Nscale",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "nscale-monarch-mason-county-wv"
      ],
      "unitCount": 864,
      "notes": "Monarch Cloud Campus LLC (an Nscale subsidiary) filed a WV DEP air quality construction permit application April 20, 2026 for an off-grid 2.16GW natural-gas reciprocating-engine power generation campus at a greenfield site near Point Pleasant, Mason County, to serve three co-located data centers. This followed surrender of a prior air permit issued November 2025 to affiliate MGS CNP 1 LLC, when the project pivoted from a hydrogen/carbon-capture design (originally Fidelis New Energy's 'Mountaineer GigaSystem') to direct natural-gas generation. Separately, Nscale's own press release describes a related but not obviously reconciled path: a purchase agreement with Caterpillar for 2GW of G3500-series natural gas generator sets, delivered September 2026-August 2027, paired with battery storage, targeting two gigawatts of power generation by first half of 2028. The DEP filing's 2.16GW/864-engine figure and the press release's 2GW Caterpillar figure come from different sources and are reported here without reconciling them. Permit application was still pending WV DEP review per the herald-dispatch.com report (published June 3, 2026, updated June 7, 2026); no permit decision was found in this research pass (2026-09-10). Potential-to-emit tonnages stated in the permit application are the applicant's own calculated figures, not enforceable limits, and are deliberately omitted from this record."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "monarch-data-center-yerington-nv",
    "name": "Monarch Data Center",
    "operator": "Copia Power",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9855429,
      "lon": -119.162989,
      "city": "Yerington",
      "county": "Lyon",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-06",
        "note": "Lyon County Board of Commissioners voted 3-1 to approve the planned unit development rezoning. Final PUD design approval, state permits (NDEP, State Engineer) and land purchase are still outstanding.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kolotv.com/2026/08/07/lyon-county-commissioners-approve-monarch-data-center/",
        "label": "Lyon County Commissioners approve Monarch Data Center",
        "publisher": "KOLO 8 News Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.carsonnow.org/08/09/2026/massive-data-center-in-lyon-county-is-one-step-closer-to-being-built",
        "label": "Massive data center in Lyon County is one step closer to being built",
        "publisher": "Carson Now / The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nevbex.com/2026/08/12/monarch-data-center-lyon-county-rezoning/",
        "label": "Lyon County Commissioners approve rezoning for Monarch Data Center",
        "publisher": "NVBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nevbex.com/2026/07/15/lyon-county-new-data-center-power-district/",
        "label": "Lyon County Presses Ahead with Power Improvement District - Monarch described as eight two-story buildings plus an electrical substation",
        "publisher": "NVBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Roughly 505 acres in Mason Valley near Yerington; a 4.6 million-square-foot campus with north and south sub-campuses, a battery energy storage system, a natural gas plant, a substation and power lines across two parcels. First phase would provide 150 MW of the 1,000 MW total. Copia Power has one year to file its final PUD. Lyon County is drafting a stricter data center ordinance that will not apply retroactively to Monarch.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 500,
      "notes": "Copia Power would initially self-supply from an on-site 500 MW natural gas plant plus battery energy storage, phasing in NV Energy grid supply later. Project representatives cited NV Energy's resource plan commitment of 2,550 MW to data centers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Air-cooled closed-loop design. Application materials estimate under 100 acre-feet annually; the county staff report cites under 800 acre-feet yearly. The Sierra Club and the Walker River Paiute and Yerington Paiute tribes object that the site would rely on groundwater in an over-appropriated basin."
    },
    "landAcres": 505,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Nearly 300 people attended the August 2026 commission meeting, a strong majority speaking in opposition. The Walker River Paiute and Yerington Paiute tribes passed formal resolutions opposing the project and stated they would pursue legal action over cultural resources and sacred sites.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "monarch-on-site-generation-yerington-nv",
    "name": "Monarch Data Center On-Site Generation",
    "operator": "Copia Power",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9855429,
      "lon": -119.162989,
      "city": "Yerington",
      "county": "Lyon",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-06",
        "note": "Included in the planned unit development rezoning approved 3-1 by the Lyon County Board of Commissioners; still requires final design approval and state permits.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.carsonnow.org/08/09/2026/massive-data-center-in-lyon-county-is-one-step-closer-to-being-built",
        "label": "Massive data center in Lyon County is one step closer to being built - describes the 500 MW natural gas plant and battery storage",
        "publisher": "Carson Now / The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nevbex.com/2026/08/12/monarch-data-center-lyon-county-rezoning/",
        "label": "Lyon County Commissioners approve rezoning for Monarch Data Center - initial self-supply from own gas plant and BESS",
        "publisher": "NVBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Recorded as a separate generation record following the same pattern the tracker already uses for the Fleet Data Centers self-generation projects in Storey County. Sources differ on framing (backup plant vs. initial primary supply); both readings are recorded rather than resolved.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Opposition to the Monarch project as a whole, including the gas plant, was voiced by a strong majority of the roughly 300 attendees at the August 2026 Lyon County commission meeting; two Paiute tribes passed resolutions opposing it.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Copia Power",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "monarch-data-center-yerington-nv"
      ],
      "notes": "Reported both as a 500 MW natural gas backup plant and as the initial self-supply source for the Monarch campus, alongside a battery energy storage system, before NV Energy grid supply phases in. Turbine count and permits are not yet sourced; state environmental permits remain outstanding."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "monarch-rock-air-rockford-il",
    "name": "Rock Air Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Monarch Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1514357,
      "lon": -89.101077,
      "city": "Rockford",
      "street": "8685 Friday Road",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1400
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "State incentive agreement executed June 2026, before the program pause took effect on 1 July 2026; the City of Rockford was not a party to the agreement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockfordnewsfirst.com/2026/07/01/incentive-deal-proposed-rockford-data-center-shows-possible-development-timeline/",
        "label": "Incentive deal for proposed Rockford data center shows possible development timeline",
        "publisher": "Rockford News First",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/illinois/",
        "label": "Illinois Data Center Map — Monarch Rock Air Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Phased 1,400 MW campus on roughly 1,300 acres south of Chicago–Rockford International Airport. The state agreement requires the facility in service by 11 March 2031, carbon neutrality within two years of operations starting, a minimum 20-year operating term and at least 100 employees (74 operations, 20 maintenance, 6 executive). The investment amount in the published agreement is redacted; the program's statutory floor is $250 million, so no investment figure is recorded here.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 1300,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "montana-property-group-high-falls-road-spalding-ga",
    "name": "High Falls Road Data Center Campus (Montana Property Group)",
    "operator": "Montana Property Group LLC (developer; end user undisclosed)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2468,
      "lon": -84.2641,
      "city": "Griffin",
      "county": "Spalding",
      "street": "High Falls Road at Alicia Drive (north side)",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners approved rezonings and special exceptions with conditions on two adjoining parcels totalling 132.9 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/data-centers-could-bring-high-tax-revenue-to-spalding-county/article_fe0871d7-695d-5ea7-924f-d89b2aeb6b33.html",
        "label": "Data centers could bring high tax revenue to Spalding County",
        "publisher": "Griffin Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Spalding County's first approved data center campus: three two-story buildings (two at 936,460 sq ft, one at 686,737 sq ft) totalling 2,559,500 sq ft, plus two detached administrative buildings. Property owner listed as Alan R. Mobley. Build-out scheduled for 2030; estimated local tax revenue at build-out $26.859M. As of April 2026 none of Spalding's approved campuses had requested a land disturbance permit.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Approved site plan includes a power substation and a proposed on-site solar farm."
    },
    "landAcres": 132.9,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "monticello-tech-park-frattalone-mn",
    "name": "Monticello Tech Park (Monticello Tech LLC / Frattalone)",
    "operator": "Frattalone Companies (via Monticello Tech, LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.298583,
      "lon": -93.7994056,
      "city": "Monticello",
      "county": "Wright",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/two-data-center-proposals-on-the-table-in-monticello/article_502daa86-6ea3-4728-a1f5-88ac70cbc7f7.html",
        "label": "Two data center proposals on the table in Monticello",
        "publisher": "Monticello Times / Hometown Source",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "East of Highway 25, south of 85th Street NW in Monticello's Orderly Annexation Area. Up to 3M sq ft across multiple ~300,000 sq ft buildings; estimated $2.5-5B investment across a phased, multi-year buildout. Comprehensive Plan amendment approved Feb 2026; annexation petitions filed April 2026; AUAR environmental review underway, expected complete late winter 2026.",
    "landAcres": 550,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "moreland-holding-moreland-ar",
    "name": "Moreland Holding Cryptomine",
    "operator": "Moreland Holding LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.3675821,
      "lon": -92.9985046,
      "city": "Moreland",
      "county": "Pope",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-03-10",
        "note": "KATV reported Moreland Holding LLC - described by locals as Chinese-owned and by a companion KATV report as a shell company name - as one of two cryptomines setting up in the Moreland community, next to Moreland First Baptist Church, with land purchased and the site not yet operational.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/two-cryptomines-unsettle-quiet-moreland-community-locals-appeal-for-act-851-repeal-first-baptist-church-rick-smith-green-digital-jones-digital-llc-new-rays-cryptomining-bitcoin-arkansas-pope-county-russellville-block-ops-connie-hollis-chinese-company",
        "label": "Two cryptomines unsettle quiet Moreland community, locals cry out for Act 851 repeal",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/arkansas-legislator-urges-special-session-to-review-controversial-crypto-mining-law-as-2-new-crypto-mines-set-up-shop-in-pope-county-matt-duffield-sarah-huckabee-sanders-act-851-right-to-mine-bill-russellville-city-planner-sara-johndahl-moreland-baptist",
        "label": "Arkansas legislator urges special session to review controversial crypto-mining law as 2 new crypto mines set up shop in Pope County",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Moreland%2C+Pope+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Moreland, Pope County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap community point for Moreland, deliberately distinct from the church pin used for the separate blockops-moreland-ar record so the two Moreland sites are not conflated; this is a community-level approximation, not the site. STATUS IS STALE: the only reporting located is from March 2024, which described land purchased and the site not yet operating. Whether it was ever built is unverified as of this pass, so it remains 'proposed' rather than being advanced or cancelled on inference. The Arkansas Attorney General has separately investigated whether several Arkansas crypto entities share ownership; no source ties Moreland Holding LLC to a specific parent, and none is asserted here. The 'Chinese-owned' characterisation is attributed to local residents in the KATV report and is recorded as their claim, not as verified ownership.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents and Moreland First Baptist Church objected to the site, with one church representative saying 'We don't know of anything at this point with this particular Chinese company. Our main concern as a community and as a church is the noise factor and some of the other environmental concerns about power off of our grid.' Locals formed a committee protesting Act 851 and held public meetings. Moreland has no planning commission or municipal government to regulate the site.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "morgan-valley-energy-center-ia",
    "name": "Morgan Valley Energy Center",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.92,
      "lon": -91.83,
      "county": "Linn",
      "street": "near U.S. 30 and Benton-Linn Road",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 720
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-15",
        "note": "Alliant Energy filed a rezoning application with Linn County Planning and Development to move the site from Agriculture to EU-2.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/06/27/rural-communities-push-back-alliant-energy-power-plant-proposal-near-linn-benton-county-line/",
        "label": "Rural communities push back on Alliant Energy power plant proposal near Linn-Benton County line",
        "publisher": "KCRG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/natural-gas/morgan-valley",
        "label": "Morgan Valley Energy Center — operator project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://www.thegazette.com/news/local/3rd-cedar-rapids-data-center-ready-for-construction/article_e0973e26-383e-4896-bebc-a4c085b8d4a5.html",
        "label": "Another data center is in the works for Cedar Rapids (notes Save Morgan Valley's claim the plant would power Linn County data centers)",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwwl.com/news/alliant-energy-proposes-720-mw-gas-plant-near-cedar-rapids/article_dfbd166c-64f2-4ad9-83cc-3d8a4d6b3915.html",
        "label": "Alliant Energy proposes 720-MW gas plant near Cedar Rapids",
        "publisher": "KWWL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "Proposed 720 MW natural gas plant on roughly 160 acres in unincorporated Linn County near the Linn-Benton county line, west of Cedar Rapids. Alliant expects it to be operational in 2030 pending approvals. Three approvals are required: a certificate of public convenience, use and necessity from the Iowa Utilities Commission; a Prevention of Significant Deterioration air permit from the Iowa DNR; and rezoning from Agriculture to Exclusive Use-Two (EU-2) by the Linn County Planning and Zoning Commission and Board of Supervisors. Alliant filed the rezoning application on 2026-07-15 and an air quality application with Linn County Public Health in July 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy"
    },
    "landAcres": 160,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Overwhelming local opposition in surrounding rural communities. Atkins city administrator Scott Flory: 'In our community, I would estimate that the opposition to the project is overwhelming.' Resident Lonnie Jacobson: 'I believe their facility should be kept in an industrial park, not out in rural areas where they are taking prime farm grounds.' Benton County and the cities of Atkins and Fairfax filed petitions to intervene in the approval process, arguing they lack a formal voice despite impacts on emergency services and infrastructure. Alliant held town halls on 2026-07-30 at the IBEW Hall in Cedar Rapids.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Alliant frames the plant as load growth for eastern Iowa generally: 'It is part of a balanced resource strategy to benefit all customers, not a single customer or industry.' Local opponents (the Save Morgan Valley movement) argue it is being built to serve the data centers under development in Linn County. No offtaker is recorded because none is stated by the utility — the data center link is a contested local claim, not a disclosed contract."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mountain-state-clean-energy-maidsville-monongalia-county-wv",
    "name": "Mountain State Clean Energy Center",
    "operator": "Mountain State Clean Energy (Mountain State Energy Holdings; acquisition by AEP pending)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.707893,
      "lon": -79.95897,
      "city": "Maidsville",
      "county": "Monongalia",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-01",
        "note": "AEP announced agreements to acquire the permitted Mountain State Clean Energy combined-cycle development site; the gas unit remains in pre-construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/aep-to-buy-longview-power-plant/",
        "label": "AEP To Buy Longview Power Plant — describes the 1,200 MW gas and solar permits at the Mountain State Clean Energy site",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Longview_Plant",
        "label": "Longview Plant — Global Energy Monitor (Mountain State Clean Energy CC1 pre-construction, coordinates, PSC extension)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the Longview Plant point from Global Energy Monitor; the combined-cycle parcel's own footprint is not published, so precision is \"approximate\".",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle natural gas project permitted on the Longview Power Plant site near Morgantown. Global Energy Monitor records the unit as \"combined cycle\" with a fuel mix of \"fossil gas: natural gas [70%], other: hydrogen (unknown) [30%]\" and a planned start year of 2034."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "General large-load / data-center-driven demand growth across PJM (no single named customer)",
      "notes": "Permitted but not built. The West Virginia PSC extended the siting certificate in November 2024 to begin construction by April 3, 2029 and complete by April 3, 2034. AEP agreed in 2026 to acquire the development site along with the adjacent Longview coal plant, with closing expected in Q4 2026 or Q1 2027 subject to Hart-Scott-Rodino review and FERC approval. DISTINCT from FirstEnergy's separately proposed 1,200-MW Maidsville Energy Center (mon-power-maidsville-energy-center-monongalia-county-wv), which sits on a 35-acre parcel next to Fort Martin Power Station; the two projects share a town name and a megawatt figure but have different owners and sites."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mountain-state-renewables-solar-maidsville-monongalia-county-wv",
    "name": "Mountain State Renewables Solar Array (Longview site)",
    "operator": "Mountain State Renewables (Mountain State Energy Holdings; acquisition by AEP pending)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.707893,
      "lon": -79.95897,
      "city": "Maidsville",
      "county": "Monongalia",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-01",
        "note": "Permitted solar array included in AEP's agreement to acquire the Mountain State development site; not yet constructed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/aep-to-buy-longview-power-plant/",
        "label": "AEP To Buy Longview Power Plant — 50 MW solar array permitted, not yet constructed",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Longview_Plant",
        "label": "Longview Plant — Global Energy Monitor (70 MW accompanying solar facility, construction window)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the Longview Plant point; the array's own parcel boundary is not published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting records the permitted solar array at the Mountain State Clean Energy site as 50 MW, not yet constructed. Global Energy Monitor describes an accompanying \"70-megawatt solar facility\"; other reporting describes a 70-MW array split between roughly 127 acres beside the Longview plant in West Virginia and about 50 acres in Pennsylvania, which would reconcile the two figures. The West Virginia portion is recorded here; the conflict is left explicit rather than averaged. Construction window extended by the WV PSC to begin by April 3, 2029 and complete by April 3, 2034."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mowata-solar-acadia-parish-la",
    "name": "Mowata Solar",
    "operator": "Lightsource bp",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.3918,
      "lon": -92.4044,
      "county": "Acadia",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-23",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightsourcebp.com/us/news/lightsource-bp-and-meta-expand-partnership-with-new-power-purchase-agreement-for-mowata-solar-in-louisiana/",
        "label": "Lightsource bp and Meta expand partnership with new power purchase agreement for Mowata Solar in Louisiana",
        "publisher": "Lightsource bp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Mowata_Solar",
        "label": "Mowata Solar",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "$400,000 community benefit contribution made to the Acadia Parish Industrial Development Board in 2025; project includes a Land Management and Biodiversity Plan for coastal habitat restoration.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 237000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "172 MWdc / 150 MWac photovoltaic project; Meta signed a long-term power purchase agreement for the output. Construction was stated as planned to begin 'later this year' as of the July 2026 announcement; not confirmed started as of this session."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ms-solar-grid-data-new-orleans-east-la",
    "name": "MS Solar Grid Data (New Orleans East)",
    "operator": "MS Solar Grid Data",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.0406363,
      "lon": -89.9786145,
      "city": "New Orleans",
      "county": "Orleans",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-01-28",
        "note": "Developer pulled the zoning permit the same day the City Council passed a one-year data center moratorium.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wwno.org/economy/2026-01-29/new-orleans-city-council-bans-data-center-development-for-a-year-heres-why",
        "label": "New Orleans City Council bans data center development for a year; here's why",
        "publisher": "WWNO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Proposed near Interstate 10 and Read Boulevard in New Orleans East. The source names the project as 'the MS Solar Grid Data facility' and does not otherwise identify the developer entity, so the operator field repeats that name rather than asserting a corporate parent. Size, power and street address were not disclosed. Coordinates are a Read Boulevard geocode, flagged approximate.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents raised environmental and quality-of-life objections; the New Orleans City Council voted 6-0 on 2026-01-28 for a one-year moratorium on data center construction, and the developer withdrew the zoning permit hours later.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "msu-hpc2-portera-starkville-ms",
    "name": "Mississippi State University HPC2 — Malcolm A. Portera High Performance Computing Center",
    "operator": "Mississippi State University (High Performance Computing Collaboratory)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4733639,
      "lon": -88.7907511,
      "city": "Starkville",
      "county": "Oktibbeha",
      "street": "2 Research Boulevard",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019-12-18",
        "note": "MSU and NOAA held a ribbon-cutting for the Orion supercomputer housed at the Portera center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newsarchive.msstate.edu/newsroom/article/2019/12/msu-noaa-celebrate-orion-supercomputer",
        "label": "MSU, NOAA celebrate Orion supercomputer",
        "publisher": "Mississippi State University",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.msstate.edu/newsroom/article/2023/05/msu-breaks-ground-new-high-performance-computing-data-center",
        "label": "MSU breaks ground on new High Performance Computing Data Center",
        "publisher": "Mississippi State University",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Academic HPC facility in the Thad Cochran Research, Technology and Economic Development Park. Houses the NOAA-funded Orion supercomputer — a Dell-EMC system described at its 2019 ribbon-cutting as 28 cabinets, 72,000 processing cores and 350 TB of RAM at 5 petaFLOPS, then the fourth-fastest system in U.S. academia. MSU separately broke ground in May 2023 on a 35,000-square-foot, $45 million High Performance Computing Data Center in the same park, expected to be finished in 2025; no source read this session confirms that building's completion, so it is NOT recorded as a separate facility and no capacity is asserted for it here. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap building point for the High Performance Computing Collaboratory at 2 Research Boulevard. Distinct site from cspire-starkville-ms, which is a commercial colocation facility elsewhere in the same park.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mudiita-ransom-township-lackawanna-pa",
    "name": "Mudiita Ransom Township Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Mudiita Land Venture LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4483,
      "lon": -75.7375,
      "city": "Ransom Township",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Mudiita Land Venture acquired ~530 acres south of Ransom Road and west of South Keyser Avenue from KF Real Estate for $2.4 million; Mudiita Infra advertised a 930-acre, 750 MW phased campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07-27",
        "note": "Listed incorporator Sinha Shatrughan told WVIA 'Personally, I didn't want to go ahead with any sort of data center there right now'; the Mudiita Infra websites are deactivated.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/ransom-township-could-host-930-acre-data-centre-campus",
        "label": "Ransom Township Could Host 930-Acre Data Centre Campus",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvia.org/news/local/2026-07-27/future-of-ransom-twp-property-uncertain-as-carbon-county-developer-says-no-plans-for-data-center-campus",
        "label": "Future of Ransom Twp. property uncertain as Carbon County developer says 'no plans' for data center campus",
        "publisher": "WVIA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Announced and effectively abandoned within the same month (July 2026). Part of the property may instead be used for the Old Forge Pumped Storage Project, filed with FERC on July 7, 2026 by Renewable Energy Aggregators Inc. Recorded as cancelled because the named incorporator disclaimed any intent to proceed and the project's marketing sites were taken down; no formal withdrawal filing was located.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Mudiita Infra's (now deactivated) website described an all-electric campus using battery energy storage and solar infrastructure without relying on gas power."
    },
    "landAcres": 930,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "muncy-data-center-lycoming-county-pa",
    "name": "Muncy Data Center",
    "operator": "Danko Holdings II",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.23,
      "lon": -76.804,
      "city": "Muncy",
      "county": "Lycoming",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Zoning permit application (dated April 15, filed by Danko Holdings II / Fishlips LLC) for three data center buildings along John Brady Drive near the West Branch Susquehanna River.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Approval claimed by operation of law. Danko Holdings II, LP / Fishlips, LLC filed a legal notice in July 2026 asserting deemed approval of the conditional use application it submitted on April 28, 2026, on the basis that Muncy Township failed to commence, conduct and complete the required hearing within the 60 days set by Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code §908(1.2). CONTESTED: the township solicitor is preparing a legal challenge and has called the developer's filings 'inconsistent,' and a citizens' group challenge is also possible — so this approval may not survive.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/06/site-plan-offers-details-on-data-center-proposal/",
        "label": "Site plan offers details on Muncy data center proposal",
        "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/uncategorized/2026/06/data-center-proposed-in-muncy-township/",
        "label": "Data center proposed in Muncy Township",
        "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.northcentralpa.com/business/neighbors-100-against-proposed-muncy-data-center/article_bec0e4a8-6ab8-4933-b96b-eacb2d0023ab.html",
        "label": "Neighbors '100% against' proposed Muncy data center",
        "publisher": "NorthcentralPa.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/07/legal-notice-claims-deemed-approval-for-muncy-township-data-center/",
        "label": "Legal notice claims deemed approval for Muncy Township data center",
        "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Three-building data center complex (two 14-pod facilities and one eight-pod facility) with water storage/treatment infrastructure along John Brady Drive in Muncy Township, eastern Lycoming County. Site engineering by Livic Civil; applicant Danko Holdings II/Fishlips LLC.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Neighbors on John Brady Drive strongly oppose; township is drafting a data center ordinance and seeking legal counsel.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "murray-industries-pineville-bell-ky",
    "name": "Murray Industries Pineville Data Center",
    "operator": "Murray Industries",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.7620301,
      "lon": -83.6949176,
      "city": "Pineville",
      "county": "Bell",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 360
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wymt.com/2026/06/26/bell-county-residents-pack-courthouse-oppose-data-center-construction/",
        "label": "Bell County residents pack courthouse to oppose data center construction",
        "publisher": "WYMT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/bell-county-passed-data-center-093027684.html",
        "label": "Bell County passed a data center moratorium. Residents worry that work continues.",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Lantern (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/bell-county-residents-pack-courthouse-184600018.html",
        "label": "Bell County residents pack courthouse, vow to fight data center over water, noise, and roads",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/see-where-data-center-developers-are-looking-to-build-in-kentucky",
        "label": "See where data center developers are looking to build in Kentucky (project tracker: Bell County, Murray Industries, planned)",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Pineville%2C+Bell+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Pineville, Bell County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Lexington-based Murray Industries proposes a hyperscale data center on land along the Bell–Knox county line that its owner bought three years ago to mine coal and that retains electrical infrastructure from that use. The owner describes the investment as 'billions of dollars' (no specific figure published) and says newer closed-loop cooling would use far less water than older designs. Status is recorded as proposed, not under construction: the utilities' PSC filing reports substation construction at the site, but the data center itself is subject to a two-year county moratorium. The exact parcel has not been publicly identified, so coordinates are the Pineville (county seat) centroid and are approximate only — the site may be several kilometres from this pin.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Louisville Gas and Electric and Kentucky Utilities (LG&E and KU)",
      "notes": "Murray Industries says LG&E and KU have roughly 360 MW of additional capacity available near the site, which retains electrical infrastructure left over from coal mining. In a July 31, 2026 written update to the Kentucky Public Service Commission in Case No. 2025-00313, the utilities said electrical substation construction 'has commenced at the project site,' characterized the 'Pineville project' as having at least an 80% or 'imminent' likelihood of coming into operation, and said a reimbursement agreement had been executed with a tenant agreement in the works."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Hundreds of residents filled the old courthouse in Pineville for a June 26, 2026 special-called fiscal court meeting to oppose the project over water quality, noise and road impacts; the fiscal court gave first reading to a moratorium that day and passed a two-year ban on data center construction in July 2026. Residents subsequently reported that land-clearing work continued despite the moratorium.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "mwtn-data-center-of-the-rockies-casper-wy",
    "name": "Data Center of the Rockies",
    "operator": "Mountain West Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8602,
      "lon": -106.3355,
      "city": "Casper",
      "county": "Natrona",
      "street": "851 Werner Court, Suite 100",
      "postalCode": "82601",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.mwtn.net/data-centers",
        "label": "Data Centers | Data Center of the Rockies (operator site)",
        "publisher": "Mountain West Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=851+Werner+Court%2C+Casper%2C+WY&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode returning \"Mountain West Technologies, 851, Werner Court, Casper, Natrona County, Wyoming, 82601\"",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility operated by Mountain West Technologies (Mountain West Technology Network). Operator describes N+1 cooling and power redundancy, a blended network with multiple on-site providers, and scalable space with capacity for 100 racks. No megawatt rating is published on the operator's own page, so none is recorded; colocation directories list roughly 1.2 MW and about 4,976 sq ft of raised floor inside a 132,000 sq ft building, which a maintainer should confirm before recording. Coordinates come from an OSM address point for the operator at this address, not a mapped building footprint.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "natelli-appeal-digital-park-lusby-md",
    "name": "Appeal Digital Park",
    "operator": "Natelli Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.39,
      "lon": -76.435,
      "city": "Lusby",
      "county": "Calvert",
      "street": "10475 Solomons Island Road",
      "postalCode": "20657",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-24",
        "note": "Natelli Holdings presented a proposal to purchase 133 acres of county-owned land (the former Dominion laydown site) at the Board of County Commissioners meeting; Calvert County held a public information meeting on April 6, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.choosecalvert.com/4058/Natelli-Communities",
        "label": "Natelli Communities — Calvert County official project page",
        "publisher": "Calvert County Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.appealdigitalparkcalvertmd.com/fa-qs-and-fact-sheet/",
        "label": "Appeal Digital Park FAQs and Fact Sheet",
        "publisher": "Natelli Holdings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.appealdigitalparkcalvertmd.com/",
        "label": "Appeal Digital Park — proposed data center in Lusby, Calvert County, MD",
        "publisher": "Natelli Holdings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/3880/Data-Centers",
        "label": "Data Centers — Calvert County official page (no site plan applications pending; six-month moratorium effective Aug. 28, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Calvert County Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Four data center buildings of roughly 200,000-220,000 sq ft each, about 70 feet tall, on 133 acres of county-owned I-2 heavy industrial land — the former Dominion Cove Point laydown site — paired with a pledged $30 million regional park on a separate Dominion-donated parcel. Capacity, water and jobs figures are developer-supplied. As of the county's data center page, no site plan application has been filed, and Calvert County's six-month moratorium on data center site plan approvals takes effect Aug. 28, 2026. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status confirmed PROPOSED, no change. Developer's own project page confirms 300 MW capacity (already in existing record, not re-filed) and states timelines remain 'subject to change...dependent upon final design development, regulatory approvals, and other factors' -- i.e. no firmer status yet. Attempted to fetch thebaynet.com's $30M-park and investment-cost coverage twice this run for investmentUsd and community.status but both returned HTTP 429 (rate-limited, not fetched) -- so no investmentUsd or community field is reported; those remain open for a future run against a non-rate-limited mirror.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "SMECO",
      "notes": "Connection to the SMECO transmission grid via a new on-site substation, cost borne by the developer."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.4,
      "notes": "Developer states cooling would use non-potable water from the Solomons Wastewater Treatment Plant, averaging about 0.4 MGD and reaching roughly one million gallons on peak summer days, with about one third evaporated and two thirds recirculated."
    },
    "landAcres": 133,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 6100,
      "permanent": 110,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "natelli-new-hill-nc",
    "name": "Natelli New Hill Digital Campus",
    "operator": "Natelli Holdings",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.6526,
      "lon": -79.0033,
      "city": "New Hill",
      "county": "Wake",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Natelli Holdings proposed a 300 MW digital campus in New Hill, Wake County",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-03-05",
        "note": "Natelli Holdings withdrew its annexation and rezoning applications for the New Hill Digital Campus in early March 2026 amid sustained community opposition (Protect Wake County Coalition); the Apex Town Council moved toward a one-year data-center moratorium. The developer said it may revisit only if Apex later adopts a comprehensive zoning text amendment permitting data centers — no re-filing as of July 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/latest-list-of-biggest-largest-upcoming-data-centers-north-carolina-united-states-us",
        "label": "List of upcoming data centers in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Blackridge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/environment/2026-03-05/proposed-data-center-new-hill-digital-campus-wake-county-apex",
        "label": "WUNC — \"Proposed data center in Wake County is withdrawing its application\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/natelli-withdraws-apex-data-center-project-shearon-harris-march-2026/",
        "label": "WRAL — Residents near proposed Apex data center relieved project is scrapped, says more work needed",
        "publisher": "WRAL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-03-05",
    "notes": "Proposed 300 MW digital campus in New Hill, Wake County. Single-tracker source → confidence reported. Coordinates are the New Hill area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Developer withdrew its annexation/rezoning application on March 5, 2026 after months of organized Apex-area opposition (Protect Wake County Coalition citing noise, air-quality, and water-use concerns); an Apex town council member then proposed a one-year moratorium on new data-center applications in the town.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "natelli-vance-county-henderson-nc",
    "name": "Natelli Vance County Campus (proposed)",
    "operator": "Natelli Investments",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3085,
      "lon": -78.4709,
      "city": "Henderson",
      "county": "Vance",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-20",
        "note": "Vance County commissioners voted 6-1 to approve a Natelli-tied rezoning near Henderson along US-158 Business; potential data-center use reported by local press but not yet detailed by the developer.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/officials-in-north-carolina-county-give-ok-for-rezoning-potential-data-center-incoming/",
        "label": "Officials in North Carolina county give ok for rezoning, potential data center incoming (DCD)",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/vance-county-board-approves-rezoning-potential-data-center-development-april-2026/",
        "label": "Vance Co. board approves rezoning for possible data center development despite residents' opposition (WRAL)",
        "publisher": "WRAL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "Vance County commissioners approved (6-1, 2026-04-20) a rezoning of ~113 acres across three parcels along US-158 Business near Henderson, tied to developer Natelli Investments. The developer has not confirmed the end use; local and trade press report a potential data-center campus — end use unconfirmed, hence rumored confidence.",
    "landAcres": 113,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nautilus-cryptomine-building-1-pa",
    "name": "Nautilus Cryptomine - Building 1",
    "operator": "Talen Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0826255,
      "lon": -76.1514194,
      "city": "Berwick (Salem Township)",
      "county": "Luzerne",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/talen-nautilus-cryptomine",
        "label": "Baxtel data center directory + DCD reporting on Talen's full acquisition of Nautilus Cryptomine (Oct 2024)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1334234454",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1334234454",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Phase 1, 50MW, operational since April 2023. Bitcoin mining facility co-located at Susquehanna nuclear plant, powered behind-the-meter. Originally a TeraWulf/Talen joint venture; Talen acquired full ownership Oct 2024. Two buildings (1 and 2) confirmed independently by baxtel.com and cleanview.co as distinct operating structures on the same campus, matching the two nearby-but-distinct OSM coordinates in this batch.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "nautilus-millinocket-me",
    "name": "Nautilus Data Technologies Data Center (Former Great Northern Paper Mill / One North)",
    "operator": "Nautilus Data Technologies",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.6501257,
      "lon": -68.7073294,
      "city": "Millinocket",
      "county": "Penobscot",
      "street": "1 Katahdin Ave",
      "state": "ME",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 60
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-06",
        "note": "Announced by Nautilus Data Technologies: $300M investment, 60MW planned capacity, on a 13-acre parcel within the 1,400-acre former Great Northern Paper Co. site. Initial named tenants: Maine State Chamber of Commerce and Jackson Laboratory.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Reported dead by One Katahdin's mill-site redevelopment director; Nautilus could not secure the AI customer it wanted because the site could not deliver enough power.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bangordailynews.com/2025/04/09/mainefocus/mainefocus-business/300m-data-center-former-millinocket-paper-mill-canceled/",
        "label": "$300M data center at former Millinocket paper mill is canceled",
        "publisher": "Bangor Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/colocation/nautilus-will-build-its-next-data-center-on-dry-land-in-maine",
        "label": "Nautilus Will Build Its Next Data Center on Dry Land, in Maine",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/investing-millinocket-epa-maine-officials-highlight-former-paper-mill-site",
        "label": "Investing in Millinocket: EPA, Maine officials highlight former paper mill site revitalization",
        "publisher": "US EPA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Site address (1 Katahdin Ave) and 1,400-acre complex size independently confirmed by EPA (sourceIndex 2, a Brownfields cleanup release, not about this project). No source found specifies exactly which 13 acres of the complex were slated for the data center, so precision is approximate rather than exact. The mill site has since been rebranded 'One North' by nonprofit redeveloper Our Katahdin and is pursuing smaller-footprint tenants (biofuels, aquaculture) instead. Coordinates: OpenStreetMap Nominatim building match 'Great Northern Paper Administration Building' at this address (way/355222391), cross-checked against the US Census geocoder (onelineaddress) which landed ~230m away on the same site; OSM building match used per contract preference.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "notes": "\"The data center will be powered by an adjacent hydroelectric plant, which used to power the paper mill\" (Data Center Knowledge)."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 300000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nautilus-stockton-1-ca",
    "name": "Nautilus Stockton 1 Data Center",
    "operator": "Nautilus Data Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.9633,
      "lon": -121.3681,
      "city": "Stockton",
      "county": "San Joaquin",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-01",
        "note": "Commissioned December 2020; operating since January 2021 and at full capacity since 2023 (about 88% utilised as of June 2026).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nautilusdt.com/stockton-data-center/",
        "label": "Stockton Data Center — Nautilus Data Technologies",
        "publisher": "Nautilus Data Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stocktonia.org/news/local-government/2026/09/02/stockton-residents-push-back-on-data-centers-the-city-already-relies-on-one/",
        "label": "Stockton residents push back on data centers. The city already relies on one",
        "publisher": "Stocktonia News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2016062010/2",
        "label": "Nautilus Data Technology, Inc., Data Storage Facility — Notice of Determination (SCH 2016062010)",
        "publisher": "California Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (CEQAnet)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "6.5 MW of critical IT load across four vaults (1.0–2.5 MW each) in roughly 13,000 sq ft of vault space. Coordinates are the project coordinates printed on the CEQA Notice of Determination (37°57'48\"N 121°22'5\"W), not a surveyed footprint.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Waterborne barge facility moored in the northwest area of the Port of Stockton's West complex. The operator describes a primary/secondary heat-exchanger design whose primary side is an open loop that takes in, filters and discharges water from the San Joaquin River."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 10,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.15,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "navy-dsrc-stennis-space-center-ms",
    "name": "Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center",
    "operator": "U.S. Navy (DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.3776388,
      "lon": -89.5978312,
      "city": "Stennis Space Center",
      "county": "Hancock",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-04-27",
        "note": "Nautilus officially opened for DOD use, bringing the center to six supercomputers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://defensescoop.com/2023/04/27/navys-powerful-new-supercomputer-nautilus-is-officially-open-for-dod-use/",
        "label": "Navy's powerful new supercomputer — Nautilus — is officially open for DOD use",
        "publisher": "DefenseScoop",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Navy DSRC at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County. The cited report states Nautilus has peak performance of 8.2 petaflops, supports up to 4,000 users, and that with its addition DOD scientists 'now have a total of six supercomputers' available through the center. No power, water or floor-area figures are published in the source read, so those fields are omitted. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for John C. Stennis Space Center, not the specific DSRC building — precision 'approximate'. navy.mil pages returned HTTP 403 this session and are therefore not cited.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ncar-wyoming-supercomputing-center-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center",
    "operator": "University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1289,
      "lon": -104.8974,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "street": "Veta Drive",
      "postalCode": "82009",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2012",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012-10",
        "note": "Computing operations began in October 2012.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cisl.ucar.edu/ncar-wyoming-supercomputing-center",
        "label": "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center - Computational and Information Systems Lab",
        "publisher": "NCAR/UCAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAR-Wyoming_Supercomputing_Center",
        "label": "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "High-performance computing and data-archival facility in the North Range Business Park, Cheyenne, operated by NCAR for UCAR under a partnership with the State of Wyoming and the University of Wyoming. 153,000 total square feet with 24,000 square feet of raised-floor modules. Coordinates and street are corroborated by the OpenStreetMap building tagged telecom=data_center with operator 'University Corporation for Atmospheric Research'. No megawatt figure is published in the sources read, so no capacity is recorded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Cheyenne Light, Fuel and Power (Black Hills Corporation)",
      "notes": "Wind supplies at least 10% of the center's power; the primary grid source is coal."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "The facility uses ambient outside air for cooling roughly 96% of the year and specialized cooling-tower equipment otherwise, a seasonal switch between dry and evaporative modes. Water consumption is reported as about 40% lower than a traditional design."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nccs-massena-reynolds-ny",
    "name": "North Country Collocation Services Massena Data Center (former Reynolds site)",
    "operator": "North Country Collocation Services (NCCS)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.979,
      "lon": -74.73,
      "city": "Massena",
      "county": "St. Lawrence",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 635
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Massena Town Planning Board heard the proposal for the first time on May 21, 2026 and took no action.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/story/53469/20260522/massena-town-planning-board-takes-no-action-at-data-center-meeting",
        "label": "Massena Town Planning Board takes no action at data center meeting",
        "publisher": "North Country Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "⚠️ ADJUDICATION REQUIRED - POSSIBLE OVERLAP WITH AN EXISTING ROW. NCPR states \"the facility would include three buildings totaling nearly 1.5 million square feet at the former Reynolds site, about eight miles outside of the village of Massena and near the bridge to Canada. The operation would consume 635 megawatts of power. That equates to roughly 70% of the power produced at the Moses-Saunders Power Dam. The developer, North Country Collocation Services, or NCCS, presented its plan to the board.\" The former Reynolds Metals plant is the same industrial complex as the 'Alcoa East' site that the existing crypto_mining row coinmint-massena-ny sits on (that row is at 44.9777, -74.7327), and trade press frames this as NYDIG - the current owner of that mining operation - seeking to EXPAND at the Massena site. I have recorded it as a separate proposed data_center because the three buildings, the 635 MW load and the planning-board proceeding are a distinct new project with a distinct developer entity, but if the maintainer prefers one row per site this should be folded into coinmint-massena-ny instead. Coordinates are an approximate placement on that industrial complex derived from the source's description, NOT a surveyed parcel. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): the fetched sources state no investment figure, no job counts, no acreage, no water-use figure, no utility, and no subsidy or IDA agreement. NOT recorded because unverified in this run: reporting elsewhere describes 316 diesel generators on site and a zoning question referred to the Zoning Board of Appeals over whether a large-scale data center is a permitted use in the industrial zone.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "NCPR reports \"about 80 people\" attended the May 21, 2026 planning board meeting, that \"some shouted their opposition and questions from the audience,\" and quotes a resident of Akwesasne (the Mohawk territory less than two miles from the site) asking for more community engagement. The meeting was not a public hearing; the board chair said a public hearing will follow and \"the process could take months.\" A residents' group, Massena Data Center Watch, campaigns against the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "ne-edge-millstone-ct",
    "name": "NE Edge Millstone Nuclear Data Center",
    "operator": "NE Edge",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.3218,
      "lon": -72.1582,
      "city": "Waterford",
      "county": "New London",
      "state": "CT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "Nuclear (Millstone Units 2 and 3, Dominion Energy)",
    "announcedDate": "2023-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-01",
        "note": "NE Edge presents hyperscale data center plan to Waterford town leaders; two 2-story facilities, 1.5M sq ft, on less than 5% of Millstone's 526-acre site",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-03",
        "note": "Host fee agreement signed between NE Edge-Waterford LLC, Dominion Energy, and Town of Waterford ($231M over 30 years)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "CT Siting Council denies Dominion's petition for exemption from state review. Host fee agreement terminated by default.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ctmirror.org/2024/01/19/millstone-power-plant-ct-data-center-nuclear/",
        "label": "Millstone Nuclear Plant Would Power Proposed CT Data Center",
        "publisher": "CT Mirror",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ctmirror.org/2026/04/15/tale-of-a-defeated-ct-data-center/",
        "label": "Opinion: Tale of a Defeated Data Center in CT",
        "publisher": "CT Mirror",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Connecticut has no hyperscale data centers. Governor Lamont's administration has since required new data centers to bring their own power generation rather than draw from the grid, and has proposed a PILOT framework in lieu of the prior tax incentive structure. Only one company (Cigna) used Connecticut's data center tax incentive since its enactment.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy (Millstone Nuclear Power Station)",
      "notes": "Proposed direct electrical interconnection to Millstone Units 2 and 3; 15% of Millstone output reserved for data centers. Host fee agreement executed March 2023 ($231M over 30 years to Waterford in lieu of taxes)."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Concerned Citizens of Waterford and East Lyme (CCWEL) formed in opposition. CT Siting Council denied Dominion's petition (January 2024) citing lack of information. Opposition demonstrated via ISO-NE data that both Millstone reactors were simultaneously inoperable for 5 weeks, contradicting developer's reliability claims. CT Attorney General reviewed monopolization concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "nebius-bhm01-birmingham-al",
    "name": "Nebius Birmingham AI Factory (BHM01)",
    "operator": "Nebius Group",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4556,
      "lon": -86.8131,
      "city": "Birmingham",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "Alabama Power (APCO)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-30",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-09-30",
        "note": "Land acquisition closed: ~80 acres at Milan Pkwy / Venice Rd acquired for $90M via affiliate Alabama ADC Holdings LLC"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01-29",
        "note": "Building permit BLD2026-00195 filed; project grandfathered before Birmingham's proposed data-center moratorium"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-01",
        "note": "First construction permits issued (~$855M under contract); Hoar Construction begins work"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nebius.com/birminghamal",
        "label": "Nebius x Birmingham, Alabama - Official Project Page",
        "publisher": "Nebius Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nebius-targets-data-center-development-in-birmingham-alabama/",
        "label": "Nebius targets data center development in Birmingham, Alabama",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://northwiseproject.com/nbis-alabama-data-center/",
        "label": "NBIS Alabama Data Center: Inside the Birmingham AI Factory",
        "publisher": "Northwise Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://yellowhammernews.com/permit-filed-for-multibillion-dollar-75-acre-data-center-in-birmingham/",
        "label": "Permit filed for multibillion-dollar, 75-acre data center in Birmingham",
        "publisher": "Yellowhammer News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://birminghamwatch.org/2026/06/29/new-lawsuit-against-nebius-data-center-challenges-validity-of-regs-and-decisions/",
        "label": "New Lawsuit Against Nebius Data Center Challenges Validity of Regs and Decisions",
        "publisher": "Birmingham Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/nebius-birmingham-alabama",
        "label": "Nebius Birmingham, Alabama - Baxtel (Site Code BHM01)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://birminghamwatch.org/2026/04/24/battle-against-oxmoor-valley-data-center-fizzles-but-residents-left-with-concerns/",
        "label": "Battle Against Oxmoor Valley Data Center Fizzles but Residents Left With Concerns",
        "publisher": "BirminghamWatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Nebius Group's Birmingham AI Factory (site code BHM01); distinct from nebius-vineland-nj and nebius-independence-mo. Capacity phased: Phase I = 100 MW (targeted H2 2026), Phase II adds 200 MW (full 300 MW by 2027-2028). Land acquisition $90M confirmed (2025-09-30); ~$855M in construction permits issued (April 2026) with $2.1B more under review; total capex described as 'tens of billions' (a projection) - so investmentUsd is omitted. ~100-125 projected permanent jobs (in notes, not jobs). Site: former Regions Lakeshore Operations Center (~80 acres) acquired from UAB, Regions Bank, and U.S. Steel; general contractor Hoar Construction. Coordinates address-approximate (201 Milan Pkwy, Oxmoor Corporate Park).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "Alabama Power (APCO) confirmed as utility per Nebius's official page; APCO to build new switching/substation infrastructure funded by Nebius."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Nebius has said it plans to incorporate a closed-loop cooling system and 56 industrial chillers across both phases. No water-consumption figure disclosed."
    },
    "landAcres": 80,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 7
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Two lawsuits filed by Oxmoor Valley residents seeking injunctions; the first was dismissed May 29 2026, a second filed June 29 2026. Birmingham City Council approved a revised zoning ordinance June 9 2026 adding 20 data-center regulations, ending the moratorium debate over whether the January permit was validly grandfathered."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "nebius-independence-mo",
    "name": "Nebius AI Factory (Independence)",
    "operator": "Nebius Group",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.089,
      "lon": -94.342,
      "city": "Independence",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "Independence Power & Light (IPL); Blue Valley Power Plant on-site gas (from Oct 2027)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Nebius secures tax breaks from Independence city council in March 2026; ~$150.6B in Taxable Industrial Development Revenue Bonds (Missouri Chapter 100 structure, privately issued/owned by Nebius) approved",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Groundbreaking May 13, 2026; first phase of construction underway; Phase 1 operational target Q2 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-breaks-ground-on-gigawatt-scale-ai-factory-in-independence-missouri",
        "label": "Nebius breaks ground on gigawatt-scale AI factory in Independence, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Nebius",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri/jackson-county/nebius-breaks-ground-on-45-acre-ai-data-center-in-independence-amid-community-opposition",
        "label": "Nebius breaks ground on AI data center in Independence amid community opposition",
        "publisher": "KSHB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nebius-breaks-ground-on-400-acre-data-center-campus-in-independence-missouri/",
        "label": "Nebius breaks ground on 400-acre data center campus in Independence, Missouri",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arconational.com/nebius-independence-mo/",
        "label": "Nebius AI Factory | Independence, MO",
        "publisher": "ARCO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Nebius Group's (Nasdaq: NBIS) first gigawatt-scale US data center project. Located in Eastgate Commerce Center, off Little Blue Parkway and Missouri Highway 78 in eastern Independence. Up to 10 buildings planned. Phase 1 operational target Q2 2027; full campus completion 2028–2029. Projected $30–50M annual tax revenue for Independence. Separate Nebius facility exists at former Kansas City Star printing press building ~20 miles west (not this record). Coordinates approximate for Eastgate Commerce Center in eastern Independence. The $150.6B bond authorization is a Missouri Chapter 100 IDRB structure; bonds are privately issued and owned by Nebius — no city credit exposure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Independence Power & Light (IPL)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 250,
      "notes": "Independence Power & Light (IPL), the city's municipal utility, supplies grid power starting 2026; Independence's rebuilt Blue Valley Power Plant (natural gas, Phase 1 ~250MW) to come online October 2027, operated by Independence Power Partners (IPP); city provides contractual energy access starting 2026; on-site gas generation eventually to supply a portion of site demand"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator states closed-loop system uses water roughly comparable to a QuikTrip convenience store annually; significantly below typical open-loop data center cooling"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "City of Independence Taxable Industrial Development Revenue Bonds (Missouri Chapter 100)",
        "jurisdiction": "Independence, MO",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 6600000000,
    "landAcres": 400,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 130,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Opponents raised concerns about water usage, electricity rate impacts, and wildlife habitat; filed lawsuit seeking a city-wide vote on the project; judge dismissed the lawsuit; city council approved bonds over public objections. Groundbreaking proceeded May 13, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "nebius-vineland-nj",
    "name": "Nebius Vineland Data Center",
    "operator": "Nebius Group",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.4862,
      "lon": -74.992,
      "city": "Vineland",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300,
      "operational": 100
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site natural gas (primary, ~85%); Vineland MUA (supplemental, ~15%)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Nebius and DataOne announce phased AI data center in Vineland, NJ; 20-week first-phase build target, total ceiling 'up to 300 MW'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "First phase completed in approximately 20 weeks (summer 2025); Nebius committed to 100 MW installed capacity by year-end 2025; Microsoft GPU capacity deliveries begin late 2025. Full campus buildout targeting November 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey",
        "label": "Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey",
        "publisher": "Nebius",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nebius.com/blog/posts/300-mw-new-jersey-and-iceland-regions",
        "label": "We're introducing the 300 MW New Jersey region and expanding to Iceland",
        "publisher": "Nebius",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dataone-to-build-nebius-data-center-in-new-jersey/",
        "label": "DataOne to build Nebius data center in New Jersey",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/data-center-artificial-intelligence-vineland-new-jersey/",
        "label": "Vineland residents are protesting AI data center as concerns mount over emissions",
        "publisher": "WHYY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/dataone-vineland-town-hall/",
        "label": "A Town Hall Too Late – Vineland Data Center",
        "publisher": "Pinelands Alliance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/new-jersey/ai-data-center-vineland-south-jersey-expansion-20260122.html",
        "label": "South Jersey's largest data center is being built in Vineland. Some residents say they've had no say in the process.",
        "publisher": "Philadelphia Inquirer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-hearing-power-generation/",
        "label": "'Vineland data center makes case for on-site power generation during 6-hour hearing' — WHYY, 6 August 2026",
        "publisher": "WHYY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-planning-board-approves-data-center-plan/",
        "label": "'Vineland planning board approves 2nd phase of 300-megawatt data center plan' — WHYY, 18 August 2026",
        "publisher": "WHYY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Phase-1 (~100 MW) completed summer 2025 in approximately 20 weeks from March 2025 announcement; full campus buildout targeting November 2026. Total design capacity cited as 'up to 300 MW' in Nebius press releases (sourceRef 0); DataOne CEO and local/community coverage consistently cite 350 MW; long-term campus potential described as approaching 1 GW. Coordinates are approximate (site: South Lincoln and Sheridan Avenues, East Vineland; Baxtel lists 805 Sheridan Ave). DataOne is the developer/builder — BSO's data center unit (launched 2024) backed by Ardian; CEO Charles-Antoine Beyney; this is DataOne's first US site (previously Grenoble and Lyon, France). Nebius is the ~10-year tenant; Microsoft GPU infrastructure agreement commencing late 2025 under multi-year AI infrastructure deal. Facility is 100% privately funded; DataOne declined a $6.2M city equipment loan amid community backlash. Distinct from Nebius's Independence, MO (Kansas City) site. NJDEP air permit pending as of early 2026; construction proceeded ahead of final permit issuance. DataOne stated 200+ permanent full-time jobs; construction job count not disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Vineland Municipal Utilities Authority (supplemental, ~15%)",
      "notes": "32 high-efficiency natural gas engines generate approximately 85% of facility power; 6 diesel generators for backup. Proposed 1.5-million-gallon LNG storage tank as pipeline contingency (pending approval). NJDEP air permit under review as of early 2026; Sierra Club and Pinelands Alliance objecting to emissions profile. Facility located in Wellhead Protected Area near Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Developer explicitly states facility will not consume water for equipment cooling (Philadelphia Inquirer, Jan 2026). A four-step exhaust reclamation system on the gas engines (selective catalytic reduction, oxy catalyst, wet scrubbers, biofilters) captures condensate from engine exhaust for recycling — this is emissions control on the power plant side, not IT-equipment cooling. City department figures show 1.1 million gallons/year municipal water draw (Inquirer, Jan 2026); a separate source (WHYY) cites 'up to 20 million gallons annually' — discrepancy unresolved, likely reflecting different accounting (total throughput vs. net municipal draw). Reporting 'reportedMgd' field omitted due to conflicting figures."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "5-year PILOT (Payment in Lieu of Taxes), Ordinance 2026-3 — dollar amount not publicly disclosed",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Vineland, NJ",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "City council and mayor formally support the project; PILOT Ordinance 2026-3 adopted unanimously January 27, 2026. Approximately 100 residents rallied in opposition (noise, emissions, water, property values, health concerns). Pinelands Alliance hosted community town hall. Sierra Club and Sustain South Jersey formally oppose, citing construction without final environmental permits, proximity to Pinelands, and lack of public process. NJDEP reviewing air permit and investigating facility's emissions as a single-source with adjacent parcels.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "nebraska-colocation-centers-lincoln-ne",
    "name": "Nebraska Colocation Centers — Lincoln (Sharp Building)",
    "operator": "Nebraska Colocation Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8120852,
      "lon": -96.7022622,
      "city": "Lincoln",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "street": "206 S 13th St",
      "postalCode": "68508",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2013-10",
        "note": "NCC opened the first phase of raised-floor data center space in the Sharp Building in October 2013.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://strictly-business.com/cover-story/nebraska-colocation-centers-defining-moment-technology-lincoln-nebraska/",
        "label": "Nebraska Colocation Centers — A Defining Moment in Technology for Lincoln, Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Strictly Business Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=206+S+13th+St%2C+Lincoln%2C+NE+68508&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap geocode — Sharp Building, 206 S 13th St, Lincoln NE 68508",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation across floors of the 1929 Sharp Building at 206 S. 13th Street in downtown Lincoln, opened October 2013. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap building match for that address (display name \"Sharp, 206, South 13th Street, Downtown, Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska, 68508\"), not a recalled geocode. Operationally interconnected with the operator's Omaha carrier hotel at 1623 Farnam, which this tracker already carries as a separate site — this is the Lincoln site, not a duplicate of it. Capacity, floor area and utility feeds are not asserted: the source describes redundant UPS, four Lincoln Electric System circuits and redundant CRAC cooling but publishes no MW or square-footage figure. Operator name is as printed in the source; the 1623 Farnam site is marketed under Nebraska Data Centers, so verify the current corporate name before publishing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nemadji-trail-energy-center-superior-wi",
    "name": "Nemadji Trail Energy Center",
    "operator": "South Shore Energy, LLC (ALLETE) and Dairyland Power Cooperative",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.6915618,
      "lon": -92.045028,
      "city": "Superior",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "31st Avenue East",
      "postalCode": "54880",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 550
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2020-01-31",
        "note": "The Public Service Commission of Wisconsin issued a final decision in docket 9698-CE-100 for the approximately 550 MW natural gas generating facility and associated 345 kV generator tie line. At approval, construction was anticipated to begin in Q3 2023 with commercial operation in 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://psc.wi.gov/Pages/CommissionActions/CasePages/NemadjiTrailEnergyCenterProject.aspx",
        "label": "PSC Nemadji Trail Energy Center Project — docket 9698-CE-100 case page (applicants, ~550 MW, site acreage, final decision date)",
        "publisher": "Public Service Commission of Wisconsin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nemadjitrailenergycenter.com/",
        "label": "Nemadji Trail Energy Center — project site (owners, siting, permitting and schedule)",
        "publisher": "South Shore Energy / Dairyland Power Cooperative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=31st+Avenue+East%2C+Superior%2C+Wisconsin&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 31st Avenue East, City of Superior, Douglas County (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "State-permitted 550 MW gas plant in the City of Superior, on 31st Avenue East between Grand Avenue and E. 10th Street. Compute Atlas already tracks the two We Energies gas projects driven by southeast Wisconsin data center load; this is the state's other large pending gas plant and is untracked. Note it has faced local setbacks: the Superior city council has declined to set the public hearings required for the land-use changes and the utilities still need to re-apply for a state air permit, per contemporaneous reporting not cited here. Coordinates are a street-level geocode, not a parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Natural gas-fired generating facility with an associated 345 kV generator tie line, sited in a \"shovel-ready, industrial area\" next to existing electric and natural gas infrastructure east of the Enbridge Superior Terminal on the banks of the Nemadji River."
    },
    "landAcres": 26.3,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "PSC of Wisconsin docket 9698-CE-100; CPCN issued January 31, 2020. Project site is approximately 26.3 acres plus approximately 24.8 acres of staging and laydown area across 31st Avenue East. The developers' own published schedule shows regulatory review 2017–2024, construction and commissioning 2024–2027 and operation in 2028 — every post-2024 milestone marked \"pending regulatory approval\" — and the project remains in a multiyear federal and state permitting process (Wisconsin DNR, EPA, PSC, USACE). Recorded as permitted rather than under_construction because no fetched source shows construction has started."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "netrality-210-north-tucker-st-louis-mo",
    "name": "Netrality 210 North Tucker (St. Louis)",
    "operator": "Netrality Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6292617,
      "lon": -90.1971749,
      "city": "St. Louis",
      "county": "St. Louis city",
      "street": "210 North Tucker Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "63101",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://netrality.com/data-center/210-north-tucker-st-louis/",
        "label": "Netrality Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Netrality Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/42323063",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/42323063",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "OSM candidate is a generic unaddressed 'Netrality Data Centers' point in St. Louis; Netrality operates TWO distinct downtown St. Louis carrier hotels (210 North Tucker and 900 Walnut, both ex-Digital Realty, acquired 2016). Resolved to 210 North Tucker as the larger/primary flagship (400,000 sq ft vs 100,000 sq ft) since only one OSM point was supplied, but this is an assumption — recommend the discovery pipeline split this into two explicit candidates (210 N Tucker + 900 Walnut) on a future pass so both real facilities get tracked distinctly.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "netrality-325-hudson-street-ny",
    "name": "325 Hudson Street",
    "operator": "Netrality Properties (JV with Jamestown, LP); H5 Data Centers operates colocation space in the building",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7268,
      "lon": -74.008,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "street": "325 Hudson Street",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://h5datacenters.com/H5-Expands-NYC.html",
        "label": "H5 Data Centers Announces Expansion to 325 Hudson in New York City",
        "publisher": "H5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://netrality.com/news/netrality-properties-325-hudson-street-facility-now-home-to-lightpath-point-of-presence/",
        "label": "Netrality Properties' 325 Hudson Street Facility Now Home to Lightpath Point of Presence",
        "publisher": "Netrality Properties",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Third Manhattan carrier hotel, distinct from the two aggregate rows already in the dataset (60 Hudson Street and 32 Avenue of the Americas) - a different building on a different street. ADJUDICATION NOTE: like those two, this is a multi-tenant building rather than a single-operator facility, so it is recorded in the same aggregate style; H5 Data Centers is a named operator inside it and is NOT proposed as a separate row. H5 describes it as a \"225,000 square-foot data center and carrier hotel\" on \"the fiber-dense Hudson Street corridor\" with \"access to more than 40 communications carriers\"; Netrality states it is \"owned in Joint Venture with Jamestown, LP.\" Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): neither fetched source states an MW capacity (H5 says only \"access to multiple Megawatts\"), a cooling type, an investment figure, a job count, or any subsidy agreement. Square footage is recorded here in prose only because the schema has no square-footage field.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "netrality-401-north-broad-philadelphia-pa",
    "name": "Netrality 401 North Broad",
    "operator": "Netrality Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.9601,
      "lon": -75.1619,
      "city": "Philadelphia",
      "county": "Philadelphia",
      "street": "401 North Broad Street",
      "postalCode": "19108",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://netrality.com/data-center/401-north-broad-philadelphia/",
        "label": "Philadelphia Pennsylvania Data Center, 401 North Broad St",
        "publisher": "Netrality Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Philadelphia's principal carrier hotel: a 1.3 million sq ft building operated by Netrality with 73+ on-net network providers, 36 peering networks and 3 peering exchanges. Cabinet power density up to 20 kW; 2N UPS; N+1 generators with 30,000 gallons of fuel. Netrality's own page does not publish a facility MW total, so capacityMw is omitted rather than taken from third-party directories.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Chilled-water plant rated 13,600 tons (N+1) with an open-loop system and free-cooling mode; cooling is generator-protected."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "netrality-717-south-wells-il",
    "name": "Netrality 717 South Wells",
    "operator": "Netrality Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8728811,
      "lon": -87.63344,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "717 South Wells Street",
      "postalCode": "60607",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://netrality.com/locations/",
        "label": "Netrality Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Netrality Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/10537283366",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/10537283366",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Netrality's sole confirmed Chicago carrier-hotel facility at 717 South Wells Street, operational with 30+ on-network providers per operator directory.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "netsonic-green-bay-wi",
    "name": "Netsonic Green Bay Data Center",
    "operator": "Netsonic (Dynamic Ventures LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.5155,
      "lon": -87.995,
      "city": "Green Bay",
      "county": "Brown",
      "street": "1263 Main St., Suite 223",
      "postalCode": "54302",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.netsonic.net/datacenter.php",
        "label": "Green Bay, WI Datacenter — Colocation, Backup and Disaster Recovery",
        "publisher": "Netsonic",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility operating in Green Bay since 1996, veteran-owned. The operator advertises nearly 4 MW of available power capacity on 1200-amp 480-volt service, 60 tons of redundant Liebert cooling, N+1 power, an on-site generator with roughly 96 hours of runtime, and a 9,000+ sq ft expansion. Services span standard colocation, AI/GPU high-density colocation and ASIC miner hosting at $0.075/kWh. Figures are operator-published and not independently verified, so no capacityMw value is recorded. Coordinates are a best-effort geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "neural-nexus-memphis-tn",
    "name": "Neural Nexus Innovation District",
    "operator": "Legacy Power Capital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.1428067,
      "lon": -90.0500147,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://memphischamber.com/blog/press-release/legacy-power-capital-announces-neural-nexus-innovation-district-in-downtown-memphis/",
        "label": "Legacy Power Capital Announces \"Neural Nexus\" Innovation District in Downtown Memphis - Greater Memphis Chamber",
        "publisher": "Greater Memphis Chamber",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://downtownmemphis.com/post/downtown-memphis-to-get-94-billion-neural-nexus-mixed-use-development",
        "label": "Downtown Memphis to Get $9.4 Billion \"Neural Nexus\" Mixed-Use Development",
        "publisher": "Downtown Memphis Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Announced 2025-12-10 (per the Chamber press release dateline: 'MEMPHIS, TN. Wednesday, December 10, 2025'). Located on 'two full city blocks' in downtown Memphis described both as 'adjacent to FedExForum and Beale Street' and 'across from AutoZone Park' (Downtown Memphis Commission) -- these are the same downtown block cluster, but no street address or parcel has been published, so this pin uses the AutoZone Park landmark centroid, disclosed as approximate. Total project investment reported as $9.4B mixed-use (housing, retail, hotel, innovation center) anchored by a cloud data center; a separate reported first-phase figure of ~$400M and ~70MW of power (seen in secondary aggregation, not independently fetched this run) is omitted pending verification against a fetched primary source. Site is the former location of The Walk development on Union Avenue.",
    "investmentUsd": 9400000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "No opposition or hearing documented in the sources fetched this run; flagged mixed only because the project includes a public tax-increment mechanism (25% of district tax revenue redirected to a 5-mile radius) that has not yet been through a public approval process as of the 2025-12-10 announcement.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "new-carlisle-chicago-trail-data-center-st-joseph-county-in",
    "name": "New Carlisle Chicago Trail Data Center (rezoning denied)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7003,
      "lon": -86.5089,
      "city": "New Carlisle",
      "county": "St. Joseph",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-12-10",
        "note": "St. Joseph County Council voted 7-2 to deny the rezoning after a hearing that ran until roughly 4 a.m.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2025-12-10/council-denies-rezoning-for-data-center-near-new-carlisle",
        "label": "Council denies rezoning for data center near New Carlisle",
        "publisher": "WVPE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "A New York-based developer sought to rezone about 1,000 acres of farmland along the Chicago Trail near New Carlisle for 14 buildings, adjacent to the Amazon campus. The rezoning was denied; the developer may refile after six months. The petitioner was not publicly named.",
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Council member Amy Drake said she was voting with the people of New Carlisle against the data center after overwhelming public testimony in opposition.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "new-day-ports-technology-campus-piketon-oh",
    "name": "PORTS-Pike Technology Campus",
    "operator": "SB Energy",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.06,
      "lon": -83.02,
      "city": "Piketon",
      "county": "Pike",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 10000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Natural Gas",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-03-20",
        "note": "Groundbreaking 2026-03-20 on the former Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant site; 10 GW gross power load, 9.2 GW of new natural gas generation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/67-2b-ports-technology-campus-gains-fast-41-status-advancing-ohio-ai-megaproject/",
        "label": "$67.2B PORTS Technology Campus gains FAST-41 status, advancing Ohio AI megaproject",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/03/20/piketon-set-to-become-ground-zero-for-new-energy-megasite/",
        "label": "Piketon set to become ground zero for new energy megasite",
        "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0002133037/000162828026059639/sbenergy-sx1.htm",
        "label": "SB Energy, Inc. Form S-1 registration statement (PORTS-Pike Technology Campus)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/nepa/articles/cx-270875-4511a-086-lease-real-property-batch-1-property-portsmouth-gaseous-diffusion",
        "label": "CX-270875: Lease of Real Property (Batch 1 Property) at Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy (NEPA)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/nepa/articles/cx-270956-environmental-site-assessment-esa-batch-1-leased-property-portsmouth",
        "label": "CX-270956: Environmental Site Assessment of Batch 1 Leased Property at Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy (NEPA)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/fact-sheet-department-energy-ensuring-affordable-energy-access-ohio-while-powering-future",
        "label": "FACT SHEET: DOE is Ensuring Affordable Energy Access in Ohio While Powering the Future of AI",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/em/articles/partnership-ensures-affordable-energy-powers-ai-future-portsmouth-site",
        "label": "Partnership Ensures Affordable Energy, Powers AI Future at Portsmouth Site",
        "publisher": "U.S. DOE Office of Environmental Management",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.permitting.gov/newsroom/press-releases/ports-technology-campus-latest-gain-fast-41-coverage",
        "label": "PORTS Technology Campus is Latest to Gain FAST-41 Coverage",
        "publisher": "Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-guarantees-sb-energy-s-ports-pike-technology-campus-in-ohio-to-exclusively-host-nvidia-ai-compute",
        "label": "NVIDIA Guarantees SB Energy's PORTS-Pike Technology Campus in Ohio to Exclusively Host NVIDIA AI Compute",
        "publisher": "NVIDIA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://portscampus.com/resources/",
        "label": "PORTS-Pike Technology Campus — project resources",
        "publisher": "PORTS-Pike Technology Campus (project site)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2026-03-20/feds-announce-huge-natural-gas-plant-data-center-project-in-southern-ohio",
        "label": "Feds announce huge natural gas plant, data center project in southern Ohio",
        "publisher": "Statehouse News Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://woub.org/2025/12/02/data-center-proposed-site-former-uranium-enrichment-plant-near-piketon/",
        "label": "A data center proposed at site of former uranium enrichment plant near Piketon",
        "publisher": "WOUB Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Officially \"PORTS-Pike Technology Campus\"; formerly tracked under the pre-announcement Ohio entity New Day Data Centers LLC, a name that appears nowhere in the SEC S-1 or SB Energy’s own announcements. Developer/operator is SB Energy (SoftBank-controlled); the DOE lease was signed 2026-02-26 by its subsidiary Pike County Portsmouth DC LLC. CAPACITY - three distinct figures that must not be conflated: 8.0 GW-IT of contracted compute (8,024 MW-IT; NVIDIA guarantees the initial 4.25 GW-IT with an option on the remaining 3.78 GW-IT), 10 GW of gross power load (the capacityMw.planned value here), and 9.2 GW of new gas generation. OFFTAKE: on 2026-08-17 SB Energy subsidiaries signed 17 twenty-year triple-net leases with OpenAI, with rent commencement conditioned on interconnection and generation being available; NVIDIA provided a residual-value guaranty capped at $105B and separately bought $1.5B of non-voting stock. LAND: landAcres is intentionally omitted - the DOE lease covers 189 acres (Batch 1) on which \"one data center building is expected to be constructed\", while the S-1 places the buildings \"across several thousand acres of private property\"; the widely-cited 3,700/3,777 acres is the whole federal reservation, which also hosts the separately tracked Oklo Aurora project, Centrus and the DUF6 plant. INVESTMENT: investmentUsd intentionally omitted - $10B (DOE, March) and $30-40B (project site) describe the same ~800 MW first phase and cannot both be right, the $67.2B total appears only as one trade outlet’s unattributed rollup, and the S-1 states no total capex. SUBSIDIES: none awarded - the Ohio Tax Credit Authority minutes record no award, no JobsOhio award was found, and Ohio paused new data-centre tax exemptions in May 2026; a county PILOT is under negotiation because the leased federal land yields no property tax. STATUS: early civil works began after the 2026-03-20 groundbreaking, though the S-1 lists construction as not started, with first capacity in 2028 and full buildout 2032. Distinct from oklo-aurora-pike-county-oh on the same broader site - do not merge or double-count.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "AEP Ohio",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 9200,
      "notes": "S-1: the campus is \"designed to include 8.0 GW-IT of data center capacity, representing 10 GW of gross power load expected to be supported by the PJM transmission system and new neighbouring gas-fired generation facilities\" - hence \"mixed\". The 9.2 GW of gas is new build, not a reused plant; the site is the former Portsmouth uranium-enrichment complex, whose historic power came over OVEC coal-fired transmission (X-533 switchyard, de-energised 2008, decommissioned 2011). Recorded under onSiteGenerationMw as dedicated captive generation, but note the S-1 calls the plants \"neighbouring\": they sit ~5 miles south of Piketon adjacent to the DOE site, are developed by \"an affiliate of SoftBank that is not our subsidiary\", and SB Energy \"do[es] not expect to own or operate\" them. Ohio Power Siting Board case 26-0746-EL-BGN (applicant Portsmouth Gas DevCo, LLC) covers only a first tranche of \"up to 2 gigawatts\"; AEP Ohio transmission (new 765 kV Baku-Gavin line and four substations) is a separate docket. AEP grid capex is stated as $4.2B by DOE and ~$5.1B in the S-1, unreconciled. CAUTION: the project site states the gas generation \"will be owned by the U.S. Government\", but the S-1 says \"no binding agreement has been executed between us or any of our affiliates and any governmental entity with respect to the funding, construction, ownership or operation of the generation facilities\" - do not assert federal ownership. Only ~0.8 GW of gross load has contracted utility service so far."
    },
    "water": {},
    "subsidies": [],
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 10000,
      "permanent": 2000,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Documented local support alongside contamination-legacy distrust. Support: State Sen. Shane Wilkin - \"It’s just going to be a generational change for this area\"; SODI executive director Steve Shepherd called it \"a model for the country\"; the Scioto Valley-Piketon Area Council of Governments chair framed it as moving contaminated residential land to industrial use. Concern: a neighbouring farmer with contaminated property (\"This is the most contaminated place around here\"), and Conserve Ohio on water, transmission and the precedent of siting hyperscale projects on legacy DOE land. No litigation, moratorium or public-hearing defeat found as of 2026-09-01; a statewide watchdog notes this project lacks the named opposition groups seen elsewhere in Ohio. Community money (not a public subsidy to the operator): a $40M Community Benefits Agreement from SB Energy plus an incremental $40M from OpenAI.",
      "sourceIndex": 10
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "new-era-energy-digital-lea-county-data-center-nm",
    "name": "Lea County Data Center",
    "operator": "New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.7,
      "lon": -103.3,
      "city": "Lovington",
      "county": "Lea",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 7000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Signed land-option for approximately 3,500 acres; gas (over 2GW) plus nuclear (5GW+) powered; first power targeted 2028; pre-construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/new-era-plans-7gw-ai-data-center-in-lea-county-new-mexico-powered-by-gas-and-nuclear/",
        "label": "New Era plans 7GW AI data center in Lea County, New Mexico",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/article_25b63826-6d2c-4b76-9747-e40d9d4d5819.html",
        "label": "New Era Lea County data center coverage",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/nuclear-natural-gas-power-generation-planned-for-massive-new-mexico-data-center-site/",
        "label": "Nuclear, Natural Gas Power Generation Planned for Massive New Mexico Data Center Site",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/new-era-energy-new-mexico",
        "label": "New Era Energy & Digital - Lea County, New Mexico Project",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/era-energy-digital-enters-land-120000930.html",
        "label": "New Era Energy & Digital enters into land option purchase agreement for 3,500 acres in New Mexico for 7GW AI data center hub",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance / Business Wire (New Era Energy & Digital, Inc., Nasdaq: NUAI)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newerainfra.ai/",
        "label": "New Era Energy & Digital — project portfolio page (Lea County: 7+ GW planned capacity, 3,500 acres)",
        "publisher": "New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Land-option signed for approximately 3,500 acres near Lovington. Gas (>2GW) plus nuclear (5GW+) powered. First power targeted 2028; still pre-construction.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 7000,
      "notes": "Announced November 6, 2025: more than 2 GW of on-site natural gas-fired generation plus 5 GW or more of nuclear planned to energize the 3,500-acre Lea County site. First generation, likely from new gas-fired units, is expected in 2028; New Era says gas availability is confirmed and that it is in the final stages of technology selection for the nuclear component."
    },
    "landAcres": 3500,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "new-era-technology-appleton-wi",
    "name": "New Era Technology Appleton Data Center",
    "operator": "New Era Technology",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.2998488,
      "lon": -88.370814,
      "city": "Appleton",
      "county": "Outagamie",
      "street": "2201 E. Enterprise Avenue",
      "postalCode": "54913",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.godatacenters.com/data-centers/wisconsin/appleton/3069b211-42d8-4380-8f43-77c22a7c2397",
        "label": "New Era Technology - Appleton, WI Data Center (2201 E Enterprise Avenue; Tier 3; built 2020)",
        "publisher": "GoDataCenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"New Era Technology-Appleton, Appleton\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=2201+E+Enterprise+Avenue%2C+Appleton%2C+WI+54913&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 2201 East Enterprise Avenue, Appleton, Outagamie County (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Tier 3 colocation facility built in 2020, offering colocation, cross-connects, remote hands, backup generation and managed services. New Era Technology's own locations page lists only a Milwaukee-area office (10400 West Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa) and does not mention Appleton, so the address rests on a directory listing corroborated by the Journal Sentinel's statewide map — hence \"reported\". The directory also publishes a PUE of 1.40, which is not recorded here because it is not attributed to the operator.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "newfold-digital-provo-ut",
    "name": "Newfold Digital Utah County Data Center",
    "operator": "Newfold Digital",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.23373,
      "lon": -111.65871,
      "city": "Provo",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.provo.gov/869/Redevelopment-Areas",
        "label": "Redevelopment Areas — Provo City (3 RDA project areas, 5 CDA project areas)",
        "publisher": "Provo City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Provo has 3 RDA and 5 CDA project areas; no participation agreement, TIF, or incentive naming Newfold Digital or Ace Data Center (the building's owner) was found in any of them. The site's East Bay-area address does not match the published prose description of the downtown-core project areas, but that exclusion rests on boundary descriptions, not a parcel-level GIS overlay. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "newrays-one-bono-ar",
    "name": "NewRays One Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "NewRays One LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.256,
      "lon": -92.476,
      "city": "Bono",
      "county": "Faulkner",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/newrays-one-crypto-mine-in-bono-facing-federal-lawsuit-amid-investigation-by-attorney-general-metahash-global-greenland-usa-yizheng-ethan-wang-arkansas-cryptomining-bitcoin-green-digital-jones-digital-moreland-holding-faulkner-county-chinese-ownership",
        "label": "'Newrays One' crypto-mine in Bono facing federal lawsuit amid investigation by AG",
        "publisher": "KATV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/local-regional-news/2023-06-29/rural-arkansas-crypto-mines-prompt-noise-complaints-from-residents",
        "label": "Rural Arkansas 'crypto mines' prompt noise complaints from residents",
        "publisher": "UALR Public Radio (KUAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arkansas.hometownlocator.com/ar/faulkner/bono.cfm",
        "label": "Bono Populated Place Profile / Faulkner County, Arkansas Data",
        "publisher": "HomeTownLocator",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Originally Green Digital LLC; renamed NewRays One LLC. Arkansas Secretary of Agriculture identified it as affiliated with the same ownership network as Jones Digital LLC, MetaHash Global, and Bono Management. Operating at full capacity per KATV. Faces a federal lawsuit (moved from Faulkner County Circuit Court to U.S. District Court, E.D. Ark.) brought by Bono/Greenbrier/Damascus-area neighbors (incl. resident Gladys Anderson, whose autistic son is disturbed by the noise) over noise, property devaluation, and power usage; company installed sound barriers that residents say are insufficient. Faulkner County's noise ordinance is separately being challenged by the company as targeting it over 'anti-Chinese sentiment.' Arkansas AG and Secretary of Agriculture are investigating the company's ownership/Chinese-government-affiliation questions.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "newrays-two-paris-tn",
    "name": "Newrays Two LLC Mining Site (Paris)",
    "operator": "Newrays Two LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3270316,
      "lon": -88.3200731,
      "city": "Paris",
      "county": "Henry",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-18",
        "note": "Fenced industrial parcel mapped in OpenStreetMap as 'Newrays Two LLC Mining' and tagged telecom=data_center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1459680304",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 1459680304 — 'Newrays Two LLC Mining', landuse=industrial, telecom=data_center, barrier=fence",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "OpenStreetMap is the ONLY source found for this site; no press, permit, or filing corroboration was located. The operator name matches Newrays One, an Arkansas mining operator already tracked by Compute Atlas, and a contractor working with Newrays has publicly described building mining sites in Tennessee — but neither fact ties this parcel to that company. Treat as a lead requiring parcel/utility confirmation before any capacity or status claim.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "nextera-bellefonte-solar-hollywood-al",
    "name": "Bellefonte Solar Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.6887766,
      "lon": -85.9635901,
      "city": "Hollywood",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "announcedDate": "2019-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2019-01-18",
        "note": "TVA and NextEra Energy Resources announced a solar farm in fields along County Road 33 in Hollywood, near TVA's abandoned Bellefonte nuclear plant, with NextEra selling the output to TVA so TVA can serve Google's Jackson County data centers; completion was then expected in 2021.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.waff.com/2019/01/18/largest-solar-farm-alabama-be-constructed-jackson-county-feed-google-data-center/",
        "label": "Largest solar farm in Alabama to be constructed in Jackson County to feed Google data center",
        "publisher": "WAFF",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/bellefonte-solar-pv-park-us/",
        "label": "Bellefonte Solar PV Park, US - project profile",
        "publisher": "Power Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Status is recorded as proposed, not under construction or operational: the project does not appear anywhere in the July 2026 EIA-860M generator inventory (Operating or Planned sheets) for Alabama, and the most recent project profile still lists it as in permitting with construction that was to begin in 2023 and commercial operation in 2024. Acreage figures conflict between sources - roughly 800 acres per WAFF, 1,850 acres per the project profile - so no landAcres value is recorded. WAFF reported about 250 construction jobs. Coordinate is a County Road 33 road anchor in Hollywood, not a surveyed site boundary. Treat the timeline as stale pending a fresher primary source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-jackson-county-stevenson-al"
      ],
      "notes": "Announced as a merchant solar plant selling to TVA under contract, with Google purchasing the clean energy through its partnership arrangement with TVA to match its Jackson County data center load."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nextera-greer-solar-washington-ms",
    "name": "Greer Solar",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources (Greer Solar, LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1155,
      "lon": -90.8308,
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 170
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "NextEra describes the project as proposed for Washington County and 'scheduled to begin operations as early as 2026', subject to local and state approvals; Entergy's July 2026 portfolio lists it as a PPA with a 2026 target.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/greer-solar-project/project-overview.html",
        "label": "Greer Solar — project overview (Washington County, MS; up to 170 MW; ~1,964 acres; operations as early as 2026)",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026 — Greer Solar, 170 MW, Solar, PPA, Entergy Mississippi, Washington County, MS, 2026 (targeted)",
        "publisher": "Entergy Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Greer_Solar_Plant_solar_farm",
        "label": "Greer Solar Plant — Global Solar Power Tracker (Washington County, MS; announced; 2026 planned)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Capacity is recorded as 170 MW, the figure given by both the developer's own project page and Entergy's portfolio; Global Energy Monitor lists 200 MWac for the same plant and that higher figure is NOT used. The 300 construction jobs figure is stated by NextEra as a ceiling ('up to 300'). Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "Contracted to Entergy Mississippi under a power purchase agreement per Entergy's July 2026 renewable portfolio."
    },
    "landAcres": 1964,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Greer Solar, LLC is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC. NextEra's project page gives up to 170 MW across approximately 1,964 acres and 'up to 300 jobs to construct the project'."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nextera-high-spring-solar-muskogee-county-ok",
    "name": "High Spring Solar",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.62,
      "lon": -95.38,
      "county": "Muskogee",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Named in Google's Muskogee County data-center announcement as a contracted PPA project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/high-spring-solar/project-overview.html",
        "label": "NextEra Energy Resources — High Spring Solar project overview",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktul.com/news/local/google-announces-2-data-center-campuses-in-muskogee-county-summit-council-hill-electricity-grid-energy-investment-ai-cloud-workspace-search-maps-port-stephens-infrastructure-workforce-agriculture",
        "label": "Google announces 2 data center campuses in Muskogee County (600 MW of PPAs incl. High Spring Solar)",
        "publisher": "KTUL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a Muskogee County centroid approximation; the 4,505-acre footprint is developer-stated and no parcel boundary was published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "landAcres": 4505,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "Second of the two NextEra PPAs Google contracted for its Oklahoma data-center buildout (600 MW combined with Rush Springs Solar). Developer projects approximately $54 million in additional Muskogee County revenue over an initial 30-year period. Operations targeted for December 2027 pending local and state approvals."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nextera-paducah-generation-mccracken-ky",
    "name": "NextEra Paducah Site Dedicated Generation",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.11389,
      "lon": -88.81028,
      "city": "Kevil",
      "county": "McCracken",
      "street": "5501 Hobbs Road",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-partnership-expand-reliable-affordable-energy-access-and-power",
        "label": "Energy Department Announces Partnership to Expand Reliable, Affordable Energy Access and Power America's AI Future in Western Kentucky",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/07/29/ai-data-center-coming-western-kentucky/",
        "label": "AI data center coming to Western Kentucky",
        "publisher": "WBKO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/doe-site-in-western-kentucky-revitalized-with-data-center-campus-and-dedicated-energy-project-creating-jobs-and-protecting-residents-and-businesses-from-costs-302837752.html",
        "label": "DOE Site in Western Kentucky Revitalized with Data Center Campus and Dedicated Energy Project (4.6 GW dedicated generation: 2 GW natural gas + 2.6 GW battery storage)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Brookfield / NextEra Energy / Big Rivers Electric / Jackson Purchase Energy / Paducah Power System)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.project.nexteraenergyresources.com/paducah-american-energy-hub",
        "label": "Paducah American Energy Hub — project site (4.6 GW dedicated generation resources, 2032)",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Investment figure ($100B+) is for the combined Paducah Site partnership (campus + generation), reported as 'more than $100 billion' by DOE; not separately broken out for the generation component alone.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Up to 4.6 GW of dedicated generation resources selected to be built and owned by NextEra Energy Resources to power the co-located Brookfield-operated AI campus: 2 GW of natural gas plus 2.6 GW of battery storage. Wholesale service via Big Rivers Electric Corporation and retail service via Jackson Purchase Energy Cooperative, with the power service agreement subject to Kentucky PSC approval. Full build-out is targeted for 2032."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 100000000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Brookfield (Paducah Site AI Data Center Campus)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "brookfield-nextera-paducah-site-mccracken-ky"
      ],
      "notes": "2 GW of new grid-connected natural gas-fired generation, paired with up to 2.6 GW of battery energy storage, built by NextEra Energy adjacent to DOE's former Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant to support up to 1.8 GW utility-delivered capacity to the adjacent AI/HPC campus by 2032. Requires Kentucky Public Service Commission approval of power service agreements; follows a Request for Offers issued November 2025."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nextera-rush-springs-solar-stephens-county-ok",
    "name": "Rush Springs Solar",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.49,
      "lon": -97.85,
      "county": "Stephens",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Named in Google's Muskogee County announcement as a contracted PPA project; NextEra lists it as a proposed project in Stephens County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/rush-springs-solar.html",
        "label": "NextEra Energy Resources — Rush Springs Solar",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktul.com/news/local/google-announces-2-data-center-campuses-in-muskogee-county-summit-council-hill-electricity-grid-energy-investment-ai-cloud-workspace-search-maps-port-stephens-infrastructure-workforce-agriculture",
        "label": "Google announces 2 data center campuses in Muskogee County (600 MW of PPAs incl. Rush Springs Solar)",
        "publisher": "KTUL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "The $280M figure is the developer's stated capital investment over the project's first 30 years. Coordinates are a Stephens County centroid approximation — NextEra's page does not publish a parcel location.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 280000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "One of two long-term PPAs Google announced alongside its Oklahoma data-center buildout, together adding 600 MW of new clean energy to the Oklahoma grid (the other is High Spring Solar in Muskogee County). Developer projects roughly $25 million in tax revenue and hundreds of construction jobs."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nextera-wildwood-solar-tallahatchie-ms",
    "name": "Wildwood Solar",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources (Wildwood Solar LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9348,
      "lon": -90.3386,
      "city": "Webb",
      "county": "Tallahatchie",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Site preparation and construction under way on the west side of U.S. Highway 49 south of Webb in western Tallahatchie County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Entergy's July 2026 renewable portfolio lists Wildwood Solar with a commercial operation date of 2025 and without the '(targeted)' marker it applies to projects still in development.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tallahatchienews.ms/solar-electric-generating-facility-site-prep-ongoing",
        "label": "Solar electric generating facility site prep ongoing near Webb",
        "publisher": "The Sun-Sentinel (Tallahatchie County)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026 — Wildwood Solar, 100 MW, Solar, PPA, Entergy Mississippi, Webb, MS, 2025",
        "publisher": "Entergy Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/construction-kicks-off-for-new-solar-farm",
        "label": "Construction Begins on Tallahatchie County Solar Farm",
        "publisher": "Construction Owners Association of America",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Wildwood_(MS)_Solar_Plant",
        "label": "Wildwood (MS) Solar Plant — Global Solar Power Tracker (Webb Wildwood Solar LLC; 100 MWac; construction; 2026 planned)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Sources disagree on lifecycle stage and are recorded rather than smoothed over: Entergy's own July 2026 portfolio lists Wildwood among delivered projects with a 2025 commercial operation date, while Global Energy Monitor still records it as under construction with a 2026 planned start, and the local paper reported the developer 'targeting May 2026 for the initiation of commercial operations'. Status follows the most recent utility disclosure; confidence is held at 'reported' because of the disagreement. Acreage is omitted — the local paper gives approximately 1,000 acres while NextEra's own materials cite approximately 1,500. Jobs are omitted because the source gives a 200-300 range rather than a figure. Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Mississippi",
      "notes": "Output sold to Entergy Mississippi LLC under a power purchase agreement with a 20-year term."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 150000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Wildwood Solar LLC is a subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC. Local reporting describes roughly $150 million of capital investment and '200 to 300 jobs during its 14- to 15-month construction phase', and states the project will pay up to $25 million in local ad valorem taxes over 30 years despite a partial county exemption."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nextnrg-nassau-county-data-center-energy-campus-fl",
    "name": "NextNRG Nassau County Data Center & Energy Campus",
    "operator": "NextNRG",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.55,
      "lon": -81.68,
      "county": "Nassau",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Lease secured for a 1,600-acre energy and data center campus near Jacksonville Intl Airport.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nextnrg-secures-lease-for-energy-and-data-center-campus-in-nassau-county-florida/",
        "label": "NextNRG secures lease for energy and data center campus in Nassau County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/news/2026/apr/06/announced-nassau-county-data-center-details-remain-unknown-to-county/",
        "label": "Announced Nassau County data center details remain unknown to county",
        "publisher": "Jacksonville Daily Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "1,600-acre site (1,200 acres energy / 400 acres data center), 50MW starter phase, with a 6,000-acre expansion option. Nassau County is pursuing a 12-month moratorium in response. Re-checked 2026-09-10: Nassau County officials state they have no information about this project beyond NextNRG's original press release. CORRECTION-CANDIDATE, not independently verified this session (firstcoastnews.com 403'd on fetch): multiple secondary outlets report NextNRG's CEO has since said the company intends a solar/battery-storage project on the site rather than a data center. Recommend a follow-up fetch of a primary/verbatim source before changing status to cancelled.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Nassau County is pursuing a 12-month moratorium in response to the proposal."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nexus-hubbard-campus-hill-county-tx",
    "name": "Nexus Hubbard Data Center & Power Campus",
    "operator": "Nexus Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.824001,
      "lon": -96.776243,
      "city": "Hubbard",
      "county": "Hill",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 612
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-25",
        "note": "Nexus reached Final Investment Decision (FID) for Phase 1 after securing financing led by Eagle Point Credit Management; the project has advanced from pre-NTP development to FID and construction continues, per Aug 19 2026 reporting.",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/600mw-natural-gas-powered-data-center-campus-proposed-in-hubbard-texas/",
        "label": "600MW natural gas-powered data center campus proposed in Hubbard, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nexus-datacenter.com/",
        "label": "Nexus Data Centers — Hubbard Data Center & Power Project, Hill County TX",
        "publisher": "Nexus Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/dallas/nexus-hubbard-campus/",
        "label": "Nexus Hubbard Campus (612 MW) listing",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.datacenterview.com/p/december-4-2025-nexus-proposes-612mw-campus",
        "label": "Nexus proposes 612MW campus (Dec 2025 TCEQ filing)",
        "publisher": "Data Center View",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/air/newsourcereview/combustion/ng-egu-sp",
        "label": "TCEQ Air NSR — Nexus applied air permits 183046, PSDTX1700, GHGPSDTX269 (per Dec 2025 filing)",
        "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lakelander.com/2026/03/06/citizens-voice-concerns-about-nexus-data-center-negotiations/",
        "label": "Lake Lander — Citizens voice concerns about Nexus data center negotiations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/nexus-data-center-project-in-hubbard-texas-reaches-fid-as-construction-advances/",
        "label": "Nexus Data Center Project in Hubbard, Texas Reaches FID as Construction Advances",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "612 MW first-phase data center campus on ~2,000 acres on the outskirts of Hubbard (Hill County), between Highway 171 and County Road 3369; behind-the-meter natural gas generation. Led by CEO/managing partner Ivan Van der Walt. TCEQ air permit applications filed Dec 2025 (183046, PSDTX1700, GHGPSDTX269); ~500 MW targeted online late 2026; publicly stated eventual full-buildout target ~7.7 GW. No end-user customer publicly identified. Coordinate anchored on the city of Hubbard; exact parcel not confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 612,
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter natural gas: application identifies 55 combustion turbines / reciprocating engines for continuous operation plus 6 emergency-standby diesel generators. Publicly stated full-buildout target ~7.7 GW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Partnership with AirJoule Technologies to deploy waste-heat-to-water atmospheric extraction under an industrial-scale Water Purchase Agreement."
    },
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents raised property-value, transparency, and drought-era water-use concerns at a Feb 24, 2026 Hill County Commissioners Court tax-abatement hearing; Nexus subsequently withdrew its tax-abatement request.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "niagara-digital-campus-niagara-falls-ny",
    "name": "Niagara Digital Campus",
    "operator": "Urbacon Data Centre Solutions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0885,
      "lon": -79.0603,
      "city": "Niagara Falls",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 135
    },
    "poweredBy": "Hydroelectric (NYPA Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant)",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Niagara Falls Redevelopment (NFR) and Urbacon Data Centre Solutions announce $1.5B campus proposal at Rainbow and John B. Daly Boulevards",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Planning Board rejects modified application; parties reported near resolution including possible two-project accommodation",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "New application incorporating additional Falls Street parcels under review; NFR states construction could begin within six months of approvals",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/urbacon-niagara-digital-campus",
        "label": "Urbacon: Niagara Digital Campus Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://niagarafallsreporter.com/niagara-falls-can-power-forward-with-data-center-opportunity/",
        "label": "Niagara Falls Can Power Forward With Data Center Opportunity",
        "publisher": "Niagara Falls Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/135mw-data-center-campus-proposed-in-view-of-niagara-falls/",
        "label": "135MW data center campus proposed in view of Niagara Falls",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/buffalo/news/2026/06/04/contentious-niagara-falls-city-council-meeting-leads-to-approval-of-new-data-center",
        "label": "Contentious Niagara Falls City Council meeting leads to land deal for potential data center",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 Buffalo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Site is near the historic Adams Power Plant and the NYPA Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant (2,675 MW combined capacity). Phase I planned as ~282,000 sq ft over 24 months from groundbreaking. Economic impact estimated at $2B over 20 years per MRB Group analysis commissioned by NFR. Developed by Niagara Falls Redevelopment (NFR, controlled by Milstein family) in partnership with Urbacon. NO STATUS CHANGE. The 4 June 2026 City Council vote settled an eminent-domain lawsuit and transferred 10 acres to the city; the mayor states explicitly it was not a data-center approval and that there is no timeline for work to begin. Remains proposed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "New York Power Authority (NYPA)",
      "notes": "Site at 907 Falls St (Rainbow and John B. Daly Blvd); 600,000 sq ft across two phases; new electrical substation planned for the campus."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1500000000,
    "landAcres": 142,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 5600,
      "permanent": 550,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Planning Board rejected modified application in December 2025. By early 2026 Mayor Restaino adopted conciliatory tone, proposing a two-project solution accommodating both data center and Centennial Park. New application incorporating additional Falls Street parcels filed April 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "nine-mile-data-myton-duchesne-county-ut",
    "name": "Nine Mile Data Center (Uinta Basin Data Center Project)",
    "operator": "Nine Mile Data, LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.193,
      "lon": -110.0568,
      "city": "Myton",
      "county": "Duchesne",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-02",
        "note": "Duchesne County Planning Commission approved conditional-use permits for the data center and related Wells Draw Energy/reWater facilities.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://uintahbasindatacenter.com/infrastructure.html",
        "label": "Infrastructure — Uintah Basin Data Center Project Information",
        "publisher": "Uintah Basin Data Center Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.basinnow.com/public-hearing-scheduled-on-nine-mile-data-llc-conditional-use-permit/",
        "label": "Public Hearing Scheduled On Nine Mile Data LLC Conditional Use Permit",
        "publisher": "Basin Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://duchesne.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Findings-Report-Nine-Mile-Data-LLC-040226.pdf",
        "label": "Duchesne County findings report — Nine Mile Data, LLC conditional use permit",
        "publisher": "Duchesne County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Approximately 6 miles southwest of Myton near Wells Draw and South Myton Bench; ~475 acres for data-center use within a ~879-acre leased area; targeting operational by 2029. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy. The county's conditional-use findings report carries no tax-abatement, CRA/RDA or payment-in-lieu-of-taxes term, and no Duchesne County or Myton CRA project area was found to exist at all. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "On-site power via Wells Draw Energy's 400MW natural gas plant plus a 333MW solar photovoltaic plant and 800-1,600MWh of battery storage."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 475,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nipsco-genco-schahfer-wheatfield-in",
    "name": "NIPSCO GenCo Schahfer Natural Gas Plants",
    "operator": "NIPSCO Generation LLC (GenCo)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1911,
      "lon": -87.0592,
      "city": "Wheatfield",
      "county": "Jasper",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-25",
        "note": "NIPSCO disclosed plans to build gas generation for data centers through a new unregulated subsidiary, NIPSCO Generation LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "IURC approved the generators to supply electricity exclusively for a new $7B Amazon data center at Wheatfield.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/nipsco-plans-large-natural-gas-plant-to-serve-data-centers-through-new-subsidiary",
        "label": "NIPSCO plans large natural gas plant to serve data centers through new subsidiary",
        "publisher": "WFYI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.circleofblue.org/2026/water-energy/inside-americas-first-data-center-only-utility/",
        "label": "Inside America's First Data Center-Only Utility",
        "publisher": "Circle of Blue",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/data-centers/indiana-nipsco-genco-build-power-criticism",
        "label": "Critics decry company created to rush power to Indiana data centers",
        "publisher": "Canary Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Built beside the retired R.M. Schahfer coal plant in Jasper County and structured under an unregulated NIPSCO subsidiary so existing ratepayers do not carry the cost. Capacity figures differ across reporting: WFYI's September 2025 account of the filing describes 2,300 MW, while 2026 reporting describes two 1.3 GW units (2,600 MW total) — the later figure is recorded here. WFYI reports the proposed air permit would allow the equivalent of roughly 7 million tons of CO2 a year; that is a reporter's characterization of a proposed permit, not a recorded permitted-emissions limit.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Amazon Web Services",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "aws-wheatfield-in"
      ],
      "unitCount": 2
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "njfx-wall-township-nj",
    "name": "NJFX Cable Landing Station Campus",
    "operator": "NJFX",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1615781,
      "lon": -74.0531626,
      "city": "Wall Township",
      "county": "Monmouth",
      "postalCode": "07719",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 12
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published by NJFX as an operating Tier 3 carrier-neutral cable-landing-station colocation campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://njfx.net/ecosystem-of-carriers/campus-detail/",
        "label": "NJFX campus detail page (64,000 sq ft, 12 MW, Tier 3, four subsea cables, 35+ network operators)",
        "publisher": "NJFX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://njfx.net/njfx-advances-campus-for-ai-infrastructure/",
        "label": "NJFX press release, 'NJFX Advances Campus for AI Infrastructure', 2 December 2025",
        "publisher": "NJFX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=NJFX+Wall+Township+New+Jersey&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=5",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap mapped building 'New Jersey Fiber Exchange' (way 808909815), Wall Township NJ 07719, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "64,000 sq ft Tier 3 cable-landing-station colocation campus with 12 MW, four subsea cables landing on site and 35+ active network operators. On 2 December 2025 NJFX announced a completed basis of design for a 10 MW high-density AI data hall ('Project Cool Water') with 8 MW of usable IT load, an expected 1.25 PUE and liquid-to-the-chip cooling (AFC chillers, CDUs, hot-aisle containment, fan-wall configuration), backed by an executed electric utility load letter with a $3 million deposit and power targeted by end of 2026. The 10 MW hall is a design milestone, not yet built, so it is not added to capacityMw. Coordinates are the OSM building mapped under the operator's legal name; the campus's published mailing address is 1410 Wall Church Road, which OSM records against a nearby address point, so no street value is asserted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "noec-core-data-center-vinita-ok",
    "name": "CORE Data Center (Vinita)",
    "operator": "Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.6408372,
      "lon": -95.156363,
      "city": "Vinita",
      "county": "Craig",
      "street": "27039 South 4440 Road",
      "postalCode": "74301",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2014",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2014",
        "note": "Built 2014; listed as an operating 5,000 sq ft cooperative-owned colocation facility in News on 6's statewide inventory.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (statewide inventory)",
        "publisher": "News on 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.corecolocate.com/why-core-colocate/about-us/",
        "label": "About Us — Core Data Center, Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative",
        "publisher": "CoreColocate (Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.noec.coop/about-noec/contact-us/",
        "label": "Contact Us — Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative, Vinita headquarters address",
        "publisher": "Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Wholly owned, operated and managed by Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative and co-located at its Vinita headquarters. Houses head-end equipment for BOLT Fiber Optic Services plus colocated business customers, with redundant fiber to multiple providers. Street address is the cooperative's Vinita headquarters, taken from its own contact page; coordinates are the town of Vinita, since the address did not resolve in OSM. Square footage (5,000 sq ft) and the 2014 build year come from the News on 6 inventory and are recorded in the notes rather than as structured capacity.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "north-campbell-land-hopkinsville-50mw-christian-ky",
    "name": "North Campbell Land Co. Hopkinsville 50 MW Data Center",
    "operator": "North Campbell Land Co. (Sphere 3D)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.8657852,
      "lon": -87.489412,
      "city": "Hopkinsville",
      "county": "Christian",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/hopkinsville-weighs-limits-on-data-centers-as-crypto-mine-proposes-expansion/",
        "label": "Hopkinsville weighs limits on data centers as crypto mine proposes expansion",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1591956/000106299326004391/exhibit99-1.htm",
        "label": "Sphere 3D Corp. Exhibit 99.1 — 'a new 50 MW data center' and 'a new 65 MW Hopkinsville substation'",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Hopkinsville%2C+Christian+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Hopkinsville, Christian County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "A proposed second Hopkinsville facility, separate from the operator's existing ~15 MW bitcoin mine at the Holland Substation. The location, footprint, construction cost and development schedule have not been disclosed, so the coordinates are the Hopkinsville city centroid and are approximate only — the actual site is unknown. A draft Hopkinsville zoning amendment developed after this proposal surfaced would prohibit 'hyper-scale' facilities of 75 MW or more and set setbacks by size class; a special-called public hearing was held July 27, 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Hopkinsville Electric System (HES)",
      "notes": "The company says it would cover the estimated $8–10 million cost of a new 65 MW HES substation, with roughly 15 MW of that capacity available to other HES customers."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "north-campbell-land-hopkinsville-mine-christian-ky",
    "name": "North Campbell Land Co. Hopkinsville Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "North Campbell Land Co. (Sphere 3D)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.8703081,
      "lon": -87.4798424,
      "city": "Hopkinsville",
      "county": "Christian",
      "street": "North Campbell Street",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 15
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/hopkinsville-weighs-limits-on-data-centers-as-crypto-mine-proposes-expansion/",
        "label": "Hopkinsville weighs limits on data centers as crypto mine proposes expansion",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1591956/000106299326004391/exhibit99-1.htm",
        "label": "Sphere 3D Corp. Exhibit 99.1 — quarterly update describing the approximately 15 MW Hopkinsville facility and potential conversion",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1591956/000159195626000004/any-20251231.htm",
        "label": "Sphere 3D Corp. Form 10-K (FY2025) — hosting arrangement with North Campbell HostCo LLC commencing November 2025",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=North+Campbell+Street%2C+Hopkinsville%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of North Campbell Street, Hopkinsville, Christian County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Approximately 22 modular computing units at Hopkinsville Electric System's Holland Substation on North Campbell Street, operating for about three years as of July 2026. The facility's existence became public during city hearings on data center regulation. Sphere 3D describes potential conversion of the roughly 15 MW facility to AI and high-performance-computing workloads; the same quarterly update notes an additional 5 MW under contract in Hopkinsville. Coordinates are a geocode of North Campbell Street and are approximate — the substation itself is not mapped as a named feature in OpenStreetMap.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Hopkinsville Electric System (HES)"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "northern-data-maysville-jackson-ga",
    "name": "Northern Data Maysville Data Center",
    "operator": "Northern Data Group",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.2527233,
      "lon": -83.5613446,
      "city": "Maysville",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Maysville City Council approved a conditional use application for a data center in the Maysville Industrial Park following public hearings.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wgtjradio.com/maysville-rezoning-controversy-just-got-more-controversial/",
        "label": "Maysville rezoning controversy just got more controversial",
        "publisher": "97.5 Glory FM (WGTJ)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sited in the Maysville Industrial Park in Jackson County (Maysville straddles the Jackson/Banks county line). Investment and megawatt figures circulating in regional coverage could not be retrieved from a primary page this session and are not recorded. Coordinates are approximate to Maysville.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A Planning and Zoning Board informational session was scheduled for 2026-05-18, rescheduled to 2026-06-01 and then cancelled, drawing sustained resident objections about process and transparency.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "northern-data-pryor-ok",
    "name": "Northern Data North American Operational Center (Pryor) — cancelled",
    "operator": "Northern Data AG",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.29167,
      "lon": -95.31806,
      "city": "Pryor",
      "county": "Mayes",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nondoc.com/2022/03/09/northern-data-selects-oklahoma-for-north-american-headquarters/",
        "label": "Germany's Northern Data selects Oklahoma for North American headquarters (incl. later 'not moving forward' update)",
        "publisher": "NonDoc",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://maip.com/news/article/state-of-oklahoma-announces-northern-data-to-build-north-american-operational-center-at-midamerica-industrial-park",
        "label": "State of Oklahoma announces Northern Data to build North American Operational Center at MidAmerica Industrial Park",
        "publisher": "MidAmerica Industrial Park",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.okcommerce.gov/northern-data-to-build-north-american-headquarters-at-midamerica-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Northern Data to Build North American Headquarters at MidAmerica Industrial Park",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Dept. of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Northern Data AG (German crypto/HPC infrastructure firm) announced a $270M, up to 250MW \"North American Operational Center\" at MidAmerica Industrial Park in Pryor in March 2022, backed by up to 250MW of Grand River Dam Authority power and promising 150+ jobs. An editor's-note update appended to the original nondoc.com report quotes MidAmerica Industrial Park officials confirming the project \"is not moving forward\" — it never broke ground. Recorded here as cancelled/never-built; omit capacity per data-rigor rules.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "northmark-valara-spartanburg-sc",
    "name": "NorthMark Strategies Spartanburg High-Performance Computing Center",
    "operator": "Valara Holdings (NorthMark Strategies)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.923066,
      "lon": -81.851905,
      "city": "Spartanburg",
      "county": "Spartanburg",
      "street": "4000 South Pine Street",
      "postalCode": "29302",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 450
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-23",
        "note": "Facility in development at the former Kohler manufacturing plant in Spartanburg County; slated to go online later in 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/sc/south-carolina/news/2026/04/23/south-carolina-news-data-center-power-generation-scdes",
        "label": "Spartanburg data center requests additional equipment for larger power capacity",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 South Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=4000+South+Pine+Street%2C+Spartanburg%2C+SC&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for 4000 South Pine Street, Spartanburg, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/spartanburg/news/spartanburg-data-center-northmark-water-power/article_07cc2de8-9eb6-4711-ad7f-90ef8230b158.html",
        "label": "Energy and water use, projected jobs and revenue: Spartanburg's NorthMark data center by the numbers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://des.sc.gov/sites/des/files/Documents/BAQ/Valara/Application.pdf",
        "label": "Air - Construction Permit (Modification), Submission HQJ-32R0-VR9VC — Valara Holdings High Performance Compute Center",
        "publisher": "SC Department of Environmental Services",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Adaptive reuse of the former Kohler manufacturing facility in Spartanburg County, developed by NorthMark Strategies through its subsidiary Valara Holdings. This is a DIFFERENT Spartanburg County site from the tracked Greenidge record at 300 Jones Road. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the South Pine Street address reported in local coverage; no parcel-level source was retrieved. Subsidies checked 2026-09-10: Spartanburg County Council approved a tax incentive package for the project, but the article does not give a FILOT dollar figure or program name -- only projected resulting property-tax revenue ($10.5M in 2026 rising to $15M/yr 2029-2045). Not filing a structured subsidies entry since no incentive amount is stated; flagging for a follow-up pass that can find the actual FILOT ordinance.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "The project is being built with on-site power generation rather than drawing the full load from the local grid. NorthMark applied to the S.C. Department of Environmental Services on 2026-03-04 for 'additional equipment to support increased power generation capacity' at the site; the application was under technical review as of April 2026."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.459
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2800000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 27,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "northpoint-fairfield-data-center-solano-ca",
    "name": "NorthPoint Fairfield Data Center (Vanden Road Industrial Campus)",
    "operator": "NorthPoint Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.2898329,
      "lon": -121.9607882,
      "city": "Fairfield",
      "county": "Solano",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.vallejosun.com/developers-planning-data-center-for-fairfield-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Developers planning data center for Fairfield industrial park",
        "publisher": "Vallejo Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "300-acre industrial campus between Vanden Road and North Gate Road in northeast Fairfield, near the Vacaville border. The Fairfield Planning Commission approved a master development permit for a 4.6-million-sq-ft industrial park here in 2023; the 150 MW data-center figure comes from developer/broker (Jones Lang LaSalle and NorthPoint) presentation materials for that broader park, and no data-center-specific application had been filed as of this reporting. Canon Partners (itself controlled by Andrews Lando & Associates and Stroud Properties) is also named as a co-developer. PG&E began an infrastructure/engineering cost study around Q3 2025 and issued an engineering agreement in December 2025. A public hearing would still be required before any data-center-specific approval. Coordinates are geocoded to Vanden Road in Fairfield only (no confirmed parcel or street address), so treat the pin as a rough area marker.",
    "landAcres": 300,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nova-energy-cryptomine-frenchcreek-venango-county-pa",
    "name": "Nova Energy Natural Gas-Powered Cryptomine (Frenchcreek Township)",
    "operator": "Nova Energy LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.44,
      "lon": -79.82,
      "county": "Venango",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Facility reported set up and operating following DEP air-quality permit issuance.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.explorevenango.com/local/2025/03/12/crypto-mining-facility-tied-to-gas-well-quietly-sets-up-in-venango-county-604919/",
        "label": "Crypto Mining Facility Tied to Gas Well Quietly Sets Up in Venango County",
        "publisher": "exploreVenango",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nova-energys-natural-gas-powered-cryptomine-in-pennsylvania-approved/",
        "label": "Nova Energy's natural gas-powered cryptomine in Pennsylvania approved",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://marcellusdrilling.com/2025/03/gas-fired-cryptocurrency-data-center-coming-to-venango-county-pa/",
        "label": "Gas-Fired Cryptocurrency Data Center Coming to Venango County, PA",
        "publisher": "Marcellus Drilling News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2025/02/pa-oil-gas-industrial-facilities-permit_28.html",
        "label": "PA Oil & Gas Industrial Facilities: Permit Notices (Nova Energy data-mining air permit)",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "DEP-permitted natural gas-powered cryptocurrency mine on a gas well pad in Frenchcreek Township, Venango County. Air-quality permit for three lean-burn gas engines received Aug 27, 2024 and issued Feb 14, 2025 (active until Aug 31, 2026). Coordinates are an approximate township-level point; the exact well pad is not publicly geolocated.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Three lean-burn natural gas-fired engines on a gas well pad drive on-site generators dedicated to cryptocurrency mining; DEP estimated ~28.56 tpy VOC, ~22.83 tpy NOx, ~6.45 tpy HAPs."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "stranded_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nova-innova-data-center-albuquerque-nm",
    "name": "Innova Data Center (Mesa del Sol)",
    "operator": "NOVA Corporation (Diné Development Corporation, Navajo Nation); operated by Innava Data Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35,
      "lon": -106.63,
      "city": "Albuquerque",
      "county": "Bernalillo",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2015",
        "note": "First 6,000 sq ft phase came online in mid-2015 inside a former Schott Solar panel plant at Mesa del Sol under a 10-year lease with a purchase option.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2015/06/29/navajo-owned-data-center-offers-way-to-diversify-tribes-revenue-base-beyond-casinos",
        "label": "Navajo-owned data center offers way to diversify tribe's revenue base beyond casinos",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Navajo Nation-owned colocation and HPC facility in the Mesa del Sol development in south Albuquerque; ~130,000 sq ft building on a 30-acre site with 8 MW available and a full-buildout potential of 80,000 sq ft of white space. A projected $100-150 million figure in the source is for the full campus build-out, not a booked site investment, so investmentUsd is deliberately omitted. Ownership should be re-verified before any future edit — the cited source is from 2015 and describes what NOVA built, not necessarily who operates it today. Coordinate is a Mesa del Sol locality approximation.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Cooled with Schneider Electric EcoBreeze economizer units and custom hot-aisle-containment cabinets. The cited source does not describe the heat-rejection circuit precisely enough to classify coolingType."
    },
    "landAcres": 30,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-apex-industrial-park-north-las-vegas-nv",
    "name": "Novva Apex Industrial Park Data Center",
    "operator": "Novva Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3291,
      "lon": -114.9278,
      "city": "North Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-29",
        "note": "Novva's purchase of roughly 205 acres in the Apex Industrial Park from VanTrust Real Estate was announced; the sale closed 8 August 2025. No building program has been detailed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/novva-data-centers-acquires-205-acres-of-land-in-las-vegas",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Acquires 205 Acres of Land in Las Vegas",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/developer-sells-200-acres-in-apex-industrial-park-3431263/",
        "label": "Big land sale near Las Vegas bags $181M",
        "publisher": "Las Vegas Review-Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Novva Data Centers acquired roughly 205 acres in the Apex Industrial Park in North Las Vegas from VanTrust Real Estate for $181 million; the sale closed 8 August 2025. Only the land acquisition is confirmed — no capacity, building count, investment or timeline has been announced, so this record is a site rather than a specified facility. Coordinates are an approximate point for the Apex area, not a parcel-confirmed location.",
    "landAcres": 205,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-colorado-springs-co",
    "name": "Novva Colorado Springs Data Center",
    "operator": "Novva Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0130116,
      "lon": -104.8164434,
      "city": "Colorado Springs",
      "county": "El Paso",
      "street": "650 Sybilla Lane",
      "postalCode": "80921",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 40
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021-08-31",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Operator lists the campus as operational with immediate colocation availability.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.novva.com/media-center/novva-data-centers-acquires-colorado-springs-campus/",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Acquires Colorado Springs Campus",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.novva.com/data-center-facilities/colorado/",
        "label": "Colorado Springs Data Center | Colocation | NOVVA Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Novva acquired the campus (a 190,000 sq ft data center built in 2005 with 6 MW of designed capacity, plus an industrial building) for $38.5 million, announced 2021-08-31, and committed over $200 million to expand it. The operator's current facility page lists 40 MW, 122,000 sq ft of data hall plus 55,000 sq ft of office, on a 68-acre campus with 37 acres available for expansion. investmentUsd records the stated campus expansion commitment, not the acquisition price.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Operator reports waterless cooling using chilled-water CRAHs plus 8,000+ hours a year of ambient high-altitude air cooling."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "landAcres": 68,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.3,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-las-vegas-nicco-way-nv",
    "name": "Novva Las Vegas Data Center",
    "operator": "Novva Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.266299,
      "lon": -115.0478715,
      "city": "North Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "6115 Nicco Way",
      "postalCode": "89115",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-09-13",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-11",
        "note": "Novva's facility page presents the site as an operating colocation facility with 24x7 on-site staffing.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.novva.com/data-center-facilities/las-vegas/",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers - Las Vegas facility specifications",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/novva-data-centers-announces-new-data-center-in-north-las-vegas-featuring-water-free-cooling-and-renewable-energy-301623117.html",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Announces New Data Center in North Las Vegas featuring Water-Free Cooling and Renewable Energy",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/markets/las-vegas/",
        "label": "dcmap.us Las Vegas market listing - Novva North Las Vegas, operational, 100 MW",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Building area is stated as 275,000 sq ft in the 2022 announcement and 246,328 sq ft on Novva's current facility page; both figures are left uncollapsed here. Distinct from the operator's separate ~205-acre Apex Industrial Park land position. Coordinates are a street-level OpenStreetMap geocode of Nicco Way.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Renewable energy supply in partnership with NV Energy; wholly owned on-premise 100 MW substation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Novva describes 'waterless cooling, ambient air cooling' with 5,310 tons of air-cooled capacity and perimeter fan walls (N+1). The 2022 announcement said the water-free design was expected to save approximately 150 to 200 million gallons of water a year."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 400000000,
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.3,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-mesa-az",
    "name": "Novva Mesa Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Novva Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3717,
      "lon": -111.6747,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-08",
        "note": "Novva won 165-acre Mesa state land auction for $62.7M; campus previously filed under name Project Borealis",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Construction underway; Phase 1 (96MW critical IT load) targeting late 2026 opening",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.novva.com/media-center/novva-data-centers-announces-new-campus-in-mesa/",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Announces New Campus in Mesa",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/novva-confirmed-as-behind-project-borealis-data-center-campus-in-phoenix-arizona/",
        "label": "Novva confirmed as behind Project Borealis data center campus in Phoenix",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://legistar1.granicus.com/Mesa/attachments/d6c1b1ca-28ad-400c-8d28-a59aca19080e.pdf",
        "label": "City of Mesa case ZON24-00291 ('Project Borealis') Project Narrative — 'Each of the data hall buildings will utilize a closed-loop water cooling system... Crucially, no evaporative methods are used for reducing air temperature'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://legistar1.granicus.com/Mesa/attachments/a49b6d5a-09db-4b36-845e-756af027c367.doc",
        "label": "City of Mesa Planning Division staff report, ZON24-00291 — 'Site Size: 159± acres', parcel 304-31-141",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/novva-data-centers-announces-new-campus-in-mesa-302227476.html",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Announces New Campus in Mesa",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Located near Ellsworth and Warner roads, southeast Mesa. Five data halls, 1.3M sq ft data hall space, 200,000 sq ft office, two-phase buildout over ~10 years. Sixth Novva campus nationally, first in Arizona. Architectural design honors Hohokam heritage. Coordinates approximate. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked Novva's own announcement page (2026-09-10); it markets design amenities ('dedicated acreage offering public pathways for the community') but documents no actual public hearing, resident feedback, or official statement of support/opposition. No community-reception record found in this source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)",
      "notes": "100% renewable energy goal; backup generators designed for second-generation biofuel and HVO"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The applicant's filed project narrative describes a closed-loop water cooling system (60% water / 40% glycol), filled once at roughly 200,000 gallons per building, with no evaporative or condensing loss and free cooling below 72°F ambient. Novva's press materials describe the same system as 'water-free air-cooling'; the filed engineering description is the more precise source."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 160,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-tahoe-reno-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Novva Tahoe Reno Data Center",
    "operator": "Novva Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.53,
      "lon": -119.44,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 60
    },
    "poweredBy": "NV Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-07-08",
        "note": "Novva announced Tahoe Reno officially open for business — its fourth completed data center; additional capacity phasing into 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/novva-data-centers-announces-the-launch-of-tahoe-reno-data-center-302500299.html",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Announces the Launch of Tahoe Reno Data Center (PR Newswire)",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers / PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/american-data-center-operator-novva-launches-facility-in-nevada/",
        "label": "American data center operator Novva launches facility in Nevada (DCD)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/nevada/reno/novva-tahoe-reno/",
        "label": "Novva Tahoe Reno Data Center — 1 Astro Way (60 MW), Storey County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.novva.com/media-center/launch-of-tahoe-reno-data-center/",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers Tahoe Reno — launch of Tahoe Reno data center",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "300,000 sq ft, 60 MW data center on a 20-acre campus at 1 Astro Way in the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center (McCarran / Storey County). Six 10 MW data halls served by an on-campus 100 MW NV Energy substation; water-free direct-to-chip cooling. Coordinates are an approximate TRIC-area geocode (exact parcel point not published).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Powered via a centralized on-campus 100 MW substation (N+1 redundancy) fed by NV Energy; facility seeks local renewable energy credits."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Water-free, direct-to-chip cooling per operator."
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-west-jordan-power-ut",
    "name": "Novva West Jordan On-Site Generation",
    "operator": "Novva SLC Common, LLC (Novva Data Centers)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.57389,
      "lon": -112.04576,
      "city": "West Jordan",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://daqpermitting.utah.gov/DocViewer?IntDocID=151396&contentType=application%2Fpdf",
        "label": "Approval Order DAQE-AN160660003-24 — Novva SLC Common, LLC, West Jordan Data Center: Modification to Install New Power Generation Engines",
        "publisher": "Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/business/ai-utah-data-center-boom-fossil-fuels-gas/",
        "label": "To power Utah's data center boom, companies are turning to fossil fuels",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.westjordan.utah.gov/economic-development/redevelopment/",
        "label": "West Jordan Redevelopment Agency — active project areas and boundaries",
        "publisher": "City of West Jordan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy. This is the co-located generation build-out for the same Wells Park Road campus as novva-west-jordan-ut, not a separately sited facility, and it falls outside every West Jordan CRA/RDA project area for the same structural reason — under Title 17C no participation agreement is available at this location. Neither the campus nor its generation arm was found to hold an agreement, which answers in the negative whether the two share one.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Utah DAQ Approval Order DAQE-AN160660003-24 (issued December 19, 2024, to Novva SLC Common, LLC - West Jordan Data Center) permits seventy-two (72) natural gas-fired Jenbacher JGS 620 J715 engines rated 3271.8 kW (4,601 hp) each, controlled with Selective Catalytic Reduction and an oxidation catalyst. The permit's project description states the engines 'will power generators providing primary power for the site's two (2) new data center buildings' — this is dedicated on-site generation, not a merchant plant. 72 x 3271.8 kW is about 235.6 MW of gross engine nameplate; Grist reports the plant as 200 MW, which is the figure recorded here. The order also reclassifies the source as a major CO and HAP source subject to Title V and requires 47 tpy of NOx emission reduction credits to satisfy R307-421 offsets. Permitted potential emissions total 997,261 TPY CO2-equivalent, 51.28 TPY NOx, and 202.72 TPY CO. Grist reports Novva turned to self-generation because Rocky Mountain Power could not supply the campus until 2031, and that Novva sought a two-year Clean Air Act exemption in March to run diesel generators while the gas plant is built. Utah DAQ Approval Order authorises \"Seventy-two (72) Jenbacher Model: JGS 620 J715\" gas-fired reciprocating engines at the site."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation"
  },
  {
    "id": "novva-west-jordan-ut",
    "name": "Novva West Jordan Campus",
    "operator": "Novva Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.57389,
      "lon": -112.04576,
      "city": "West Jordan",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 175,
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.novva.com/data-center-facilities/utah/",
        "label": "Novva Data Centers — Utah Data Center, 100-Acre SLC Colocation Campus",
        "publisher": "Novva Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utahmoneywatch.com/utah-based-novva-data-centers-and-its-investment-partner-cim-group-land-2-billion-loan-to-complete-a-175mw-state-of-the-art-ai-data-center-in-west-jordan-utah/",
        "label": "Novva and CIM Group land $2 billion loan to complete a 175MW AI data center in West Jordan, Utah",
        "publisher": "Utah Money Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.westjordan.utah.gov/economic-development/redevelopment/",
        "label": "West Jordan Redevelopment Agency — active project areas and boundaries",
        "publisher": "City of West Jordan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy, for a structural reason rather than a search miss. West Jordan's Redevelopment Agency lists six active project areas, all bounded well east of this campus; under Title 17C an agency may only act within a designated project area, so no participation agreement is available at this location under the current project-area map. The city's own 2025 post on the expansion discusses tax value in generic terms and names no incentive or agreement.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Novva's own facility page describes a centralized 200MW on-campus substation with N+1 redundancy serving the four-phase campus, plus a planned 15MW-30MW of on-site solar. The 175MW figure is the campus's stated total data center capacity at four-phase completion; the 200MW is substation capacity, not IT load."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Novva states the campus uses waterless air-cooled chillers with no evaporative water loss, citing a 1.18 annualized PUE and roughly 394,667 gallons per month (about 4.7 million gallons annually) of total site water use, which it compares to the consumption of 26 homes. Vendor-stated figures, not independently metered."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 100,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nppd-princeton-road-station-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Princeton Road Station",
    "operator": "Nebraska Public Power District",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.570394,
      "lon": -96.78647,
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1411
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Project announced; pre-construction activities began.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Construction began in 2026; NPPD fact sheet revised 2026-08-17.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://docs.nppd.com/PrincetonRoadStation.pdf",
        "label": "Princeton Road Station fact sheet (rev. 08/17/26)",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M), July 2026 — Planned sheet, Nebraska rows",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Nebraska's first new large thermal station in about two decades, built to meet statewide load growth. investmentUsd records the Phase 1 figure of $3.1 billion (including transmission) as printed; Phase 2 is a separately stated $1.8 billion and the two have deliberately not been summed. Coordinates are the plant location published in EIA-860M. Relevant to this dataset because the site sits immediately adjacent to the Hallam-area land being optioned for a 1.7 GW hyperscale campus and because it underwrites NPPD's capacity for large new loads.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Nebraska Public Power District",
      "notes": "Natural-gas primary with dual-fuel (diesel) capability on the majority of the units. Phase 1 is 12 reciprocating internal combustion engines (216 MW) plus 2 combustion turbines (478 MW), targeted for summer 2029; Phase 2 adds 3 combustion turbines (717 MW) at an estimated $1.8 billion for December 2032. EIA's July 2026 planned-generator inventory lists twelve 18.1 MW RICE units (June 2029) and two 265.4 MW combustion turbines (December 2029)."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "NPPD states water is needed for plant operations, cooling and potable use, that it is seeking technology to limit plant water use, and that well permits will be issued by the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District. No withdrawal figure has been published."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3100000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 41,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 17,
      "notes": "Built on NPPD-owned land adjacent to the existing Sheldon Station in southern Lancaster County, just north of Hallam; SW 42nd Street is the site access road. NPPD says it plans no retirements as a result. Construction permit obtained; an operating permit application is due to the Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department within one year of commercial operation."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nppd-sheldon-station-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Sheldon Station",
    "operator": "Nebraska Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.559264,
      "lon": -96.783911,
      "city": "Hallam",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 228
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1961",
        "note": "Unit 1 online 1961; Unit 2 online 1965 (Global Energy Monitor).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Sheldon_Station",
        "label": "Sheldon Station",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/nebraska-public-power-district-breaks-ground-on-694-mw-princeton-road-station/",
        "label": "Nebraska Public Power District Breaks Ground on 694-MW Princeton Road Station",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "NPPD's coal station at Hallam in southern Lancaster County: Unit 1 (108.8 MW, 1961) and Unit 2 (119.9 MW, 1965), both subcritical bituminous coal, 228 MW combined. energy.source is left unset because the schema's enum has no coal member. Included because this site is now the anchor of a cluster the tracker already partly covers: NPPD broke ground on the 694 MW Princeton Road Station directly adjacent on 17 July 2026, and the proposed Sagebrush/Stark Power 1.7 GW hyperscale campus near Hallam is sited explicitly on its proximity to Sheldon and Princeton Road.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "unitCount": 2
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nscale-monarch-mason-county-wv",
    "name": "Monarch Compute Campus",
    "operator": "Nscale",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.87,
      "lon": -82.1,
      "city": "Point Pleasant",
      "county": "Mason",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Nscale acquired AIPCorp and 2,250-acre Monarch Compute Campus north of Point Pleasant; Microsoft letter of intent for 1.35 GW (430,000 NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 GPUs) announced at NVIDIA GTC 2026 March 16. First phase (2 GW power) target H1 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09",
        "note": "State high-impact data center certification (under HB 2014) announced 2026-09-03 alongside confirmation that construction is already underway at the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nscale.com/press-releases/nscale-west-virginia-ai-factory",
        "label": "Nscale and Microsoft Announce Collaboration with NVIDIA and Caterpillar to Deliver 1.35GW NVIDIA Vera Rubin at WV AI Factory Campus",
        "publisher": "Nscale",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nscale-acquires-8gw-monarch-compute-campus-microsoft-signs-on-for-135gw-of-compute/",
        "label": "Nscale acquires 8GW Monarch Compute Campus; Microsoft signs on for 1.35GW",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/a-lot-of-rumors-mason-county-residents-meet-discuss-plans-to-fight-data-center/article_b1873a93-dbff-4476-811c-df55357449a1.html",
        "label": "Mason County residents meet to discuss plans to fight data center",
        "publisher": "WV Gazette-Mail",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/energy_and_environment/morrisey-hails-state-certifications-for-two-mason-county-data-center-projects/article_96015183-04d8-4947-90b4-0b19f8bcfa48.html",
        "label": "Morrisey hails state certifications for two Mason County data center projects",
        "publisher": "WV Gazette-Mail",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/business/construction-weeks-away-mason-county-data-center-operational-in-early-2027-builder/article_0edb4165-114e-4b92-ba1c-9acbdd240893.html",
        "label": "Construction weeks away, Mason County data center operational in early 2027, builder says",
        "publisher": "WV Gazette-Mail",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/business/morrisey-hails-state-certifications-for-two-mason-county-data-center-projects/article_924875e0-77b4-45ab-9115-2ff4b193a6ae.html",
        "label": "West Virginia certifies two data centers in Mason County — Monarch phase one \"approximately 2 gigawatts of power\", expansion \"to 8 gigawatts or more\"",
        "publisher": "The Herald-Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/second-certified-data-center-announced-for-mason-county/",
        "label": "Second Certified Data Center Announced For Mason County — \"Nscale will use a closed-loop water system to minimize water use\"",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Nscale backed by $2B NVIDIA investment. Microsoft LOI covers 430,000 Vera Rubin NVL72 GPUs in multi-year framework agreement. 8 GW ceiling for full site; capacityMw.planned reflects 2028 phase target of 2 GW. Acquired from AIPCorp (Fidelis New Energy / 8090 Industries). Coordinates are approximate for north of Point Pleasant, Mason County. subsidies: no PILOT or county tax-abatement agreement was found in any source fetched this session; the project is instead reported as making community donations ($450,000 combined to Mason County Sheriff's Dept, EMS and the Economic Development Authority in April 2026; $500,000 to Mason County Schools reported August 2026) rather than receiving incentives. address: could not resolve a precise street address. Multiple sources place the site 'north of Point Pleasant along WV-62 near Camp Conley' in Mason County, but no source gives a house number or parcel ID, so location.street is left unfilled rather than approximated from a road name.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Appalachian Power (AEP)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 2000,
      "notes": "Caterpillar G3500 series natural gas generators; US's first state-certified AI microgrid scalable to 8 GW. Battery energy storage systems for AI load swing management. Carbon sequestration pursued. Generator deliveries scheduled September 2026 – August 2027."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports \"Nscale will use a closed-loop water system to minimize water use, and its power infrastructure costs will not be passed on to West Virginia ratepayers.\" Classified closed_loop on the recirculating-circuit rule; no evaporative assist or makeup-water volume has been published."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 20000000000,
    "landAcres": 2250,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 4375,
      "permanent": 645,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "60+ Mason County residents attended March 17, 2026 meeting to organize opposition; concerns over noise, light, water, and CO2 pollution. Marshall University and Mountwest Community College workforce training partnership established.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-ashburn-va1-data-center-va",
    "name": "NTT Ashburn VA1 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0227436,
      "lon": -77.4548911,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44664 Guilford Drive",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 12.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/ashburn-va-1-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/300163083",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/300163083",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "12.6MW, first of nine on the 224MW campus, confirmed operational via datacentermap.com and NTT site.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-ashburn-va2-data-center-va",
    "name": "NTT Ashburn VA2 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0250127,
      "lon": -77.4576402,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44610 Guilford Drive",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 14
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/ashburn-va-2-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/610977485",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/610977485",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/25821/638628728843130000",
        "label": "Virginia DEQ air permit 74094-1 (issued 2016-01-13)",
        "publisher": "Virginia DEQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "14MW, second of nine on the 224MW campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-ashburn-va5-data-center-va",
    "name": "NTT Ashburn VA5 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0183033,
      "lon": -77.472611,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "21583 Megawatt Drive",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 32
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/ashburn-va-5-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/793888429",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/793888429",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "32MW, became operational 2020, fifth of nine on the 224MW campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-ashburn-va7-data-center-va",
    "name": "NTT Ashburn VA7 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0160142,
      "lon": -77.471954,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44371 Gigabit Plaza",
      "postalCode": "20147",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/ashburn-va7-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/13154826378",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/13154826378",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Part of NTT's 9-building 224MW Ashburn campus; available from September 2026 per search results.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-ashburn-va8-data-center-va",
    "name": "NTT Ashburn VA8 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0201893,
      "lon": -77.475509,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "44710 Gigabit Plaza",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/ashburn-data-centers",
        "label": "NTT Global Data Centers Americas facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT Global Data Centers Americas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1188691868",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1188691868",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Part of NTT's 78-acre, 224MW Ashburn campus (Data Center Alley, Loudoun County). Confirmed via NTT's own Ashburn locations page; a dedicated VA8-specific NTT page was not directly loaded but multiple third-party listings (datacentermap.com, datacenterhawk.com) corroborate VA8 as a real, distinct building on the NTT Ashburn campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "landAcres": 78,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-chicago-ch1-data-center-il",
    "name": "NTT Chicago CH1 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9879619,
      "lon": -88.0072217,
      "city": "Itasca",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "street": "255 Pierce Road",
      "postalCode": "60143",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/chicago-ch1-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1154636644",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1154636644",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "255 Pierce Rd, Itasca, 36MW/126,000 sqft, opened 2019.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-chicago-ch2-data-center-il",
    "name": "NTT Chicago CH2 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9890149,
      "lon": -88.0072131,
      "city": "Itasca",
      "county": "DuPage",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — ComEd",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/chicago-ch2-data-center",
        "label": "NTT Global Data Centers Americas facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT Global Data Centers Americas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1271571726",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1271571726",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed via NTT's own Chicago CH2 facility page (services.global.ntt), 255 Pierce Rd, Itasca, IL; opened 2023, 36MW/126,000 sq ft. NTT markets it as supporting AI/HPC workloads, so classified mixed_use rather than confirmed (no dedicated GPU-cluster tenant named).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-data-quincy-data-center-wa",
    "name": "NTT Data Quincy Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT DATA",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2435798,
      "lon": -119.8657481,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/ntt-data-quincy",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — NTT Data Quincy Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/337127824",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/337127824",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "14MW, 180,000 sqft, purpose-built 2012, hydro-powered; sold to GI Partners in a 2019 sale-leaseback but remains NTT DATA-operated under long-term lease. Capacity removed 2026-08-08: the 14 MW figure rested solely on a Baxtel listing; NTT publishes no per-facility MW for this site and no other citable source was found.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PUD No 2 of Grant County"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-global-data-centers-dallas-tx1-tx",
    "name": "NTT Global Data Centers Dallas TX1",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9810371,
      "lon": -96.6563775,
      "city": "Garland",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ragingwire.com/wholesale/wholesale-data-center-dallas-texas-tx1",
        "label": "NTT Global Data Centers Americas facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT Global Data Centers Americas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/671637259",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/671637259",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "NTT's Dallas-market campus is located in Garland, TX (2008 Lookout Drive), not Plano; the nearest tracked facility (Lambda/Aligned DFW-04) is a different operator ~5.8km away and not the same site. This OSM node is treated as the anchor for NTT's single Dallas-area campus; three other OSM nodes in this batch cluster within ~200m of this one and are treated as duplicates of the same campus.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-global-mesa-az",
    "name": "NTT Global Data Centers Mesa — Pacific Proving Technology Park",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3025,
      "lon": -111.62,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 360
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-11",
        "note": "Project first proposed as Pacific Proving Technology Park; NTT filed pre-submittal with City of Mesa"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Mesa Planning Commission voted unanimously to recommend rezoning; council vote was pending summer 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Mesa's Planning and Zoning Board voted 4-0 to recommend that City Council approve NTT's rezoning, council use permit and major site plan modification for the 170-acre site at Pecos and Crismon roads. A recommendation only — the Council decision had not been taken.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ntt-acquires-173-acre-planned-data-center-park-in-mesa-arizona-for-300m/",
        "label": "NTT acquires 173-acre planned data center park in Mesa for $300m",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://coppercourier.com/news/politics/mesa-residents-fight-data-center/",
        "label": "Mesa residents are fighting a Tokyo tech giant's data center",
        "publisher": "Copper Courier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.themesatribune.com/news/big-data-center-in-se-mesa-passes-first-review/article_91081b9b-d2d1-47f6-91d2-b600115e4a55.html",
        "label": "Big data center in SE Mesa passes first review — Planning & Zoning Board recommends approval 4-0 for the 170-acre site at Pecos and Crismon",
        "publisher": "Mesa Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "investmentUsd is $300M land purchase only; total buildout investment is substantially higher. NE corner of Pecos and Crismon roads, far SE Mesa. Seven two-story buildings totaling 1.7M sq ft + warehouse + office. NTT's second Phoenix-area campus (existing 102-acre, 240MW campus is ~4 miles north on Elliot Road). Phase 1 targeted November 2028. Coordinates approximate for Pecos/Crismon intersection. Status refresh 2026-08-08: the Planning & Zoning Board recommended approval 4-0 in mid-May 2026; the article (updated 2026-06-08) said the proposal \"will likely be heard in late July or mid-August by council\". No fetched source records a Council vote, so the status stays \"proposed\" — the 2026-07-20 date carried in earlier notes was an expected hearing date, not a decision.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)",
      "notes": "On-site SRP substation and private power substation proposed"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling proposed; community activists cite Arizona drought and Colorado River water stress"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 300000000,
    "landAcres": 173,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents packed June 2026 Mesa City Council meeting opposing rezoning, citing water use, heat, and drought. Planning Commission voted 4-0 to recommend approval; council vote was pending summer 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-hillsboro-hi1-data-center-or",
    "name": "NTT Hillsboro HI1 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5496803,
      "lon": -122.9373872,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "4050 Northeast Evergreen Road",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/newsroom/ntt-ltd-to-expand-us-data-center-footprint-to-hillsboro-oregon",
        "label": "NTT (RagingWire) facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT (RagingWire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/52059176",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/52059176",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "4050 NE Evergreen Rd; 36MW, first of a planned 5-building/126MW campus; building acquired from SunPower in 2019. Previously operated under NTT's legacy US brand, RagingWire (now retired).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-phoenix-ph1-data-center-az",
    "name": "NTT Phoenix PH1 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3536663,
      "lon": -111.6124114,
      "city": "Mesa",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "10256 East Elliot Road",
      "postalCode": "85212",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/phoenix-ph1-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1356594646",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1356594646",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "10256 E Elliot Rd, Mesa; 36MW, 126,000 sqft.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-sacramento-ca1-data-center-ca",
    "name": "NTT Sacramento CA1 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6504319,
      "lon": -121.4891868,
      "city": "Sacramento",
      "county": "Sacramento",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 12.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/sacramento-ca-1-data-center",
        "label": "NTT (RagingWire) facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT (RagingWire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/32560292",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/32560292",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "12.6MW, 1625 West National Dr, Sacramento. Previously operated under NTT's legacy US brand, RagingWire (now retired).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "SMUD"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-sacramento-ca2-data-center-ca",
    "name": "NTT Sacramento CA2 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6504002,
      "lon": -121.4919461,
      "city": "Sacramento",
      "county": "Sacramento",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/sacramento-data-centers",
        "label": "NTT (RagingWire) facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT (RagingWire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/32560290",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/32560290",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Part of the 3-building, 52.7MW combined Sacramento campus at 1625 West National Dr. Previously operated under NTT's legacy US brand, RagingWire (now retired).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "SMUD"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-sacramento-ca3-data-center-ca",
    "name": "NTT Sacramento CA3 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6442393,
      "lon": -121.4987627,
      "city": "Sacramento",
      "county": "Sacramento",
      "street": "1625 National Driveq",
      "postalCode": "95834",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/sacramento-data-centers",
        "label": "NTT (RagingWire) facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT (RagingWire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/190868312",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/190868312",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "180,000 sqft building on the integrated NTT Sacramento campus alongside CA1/CA2. Previously operated under NTT's legacy US brand, RagingWire (now retired).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "SMUD"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ntt-silicon-valley-sv1-data-center-ca",
    "name": "NTT Silicon Valley SV1 Data Center",
    "operator": "NTT Global Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3690532,
      "lon": -121.9553378,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "1160 Walsh Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95050",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 16
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://services.global.ntt/en-us/services-and-products/global-data-centers/global-locations/americas/silicon-valley-sv1-data-center",
        "label": "NTT facility directory",
        "publisher": "NTT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/888253616",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/888253616",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "16MW, 160,000 sqft, operational since 2021, seismic base-isolation design, at 1160 Walsh Ave.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nuvu-county-drive-petersburg-va",
    "name": "NuVu County Drive Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "NuVu Real Estate",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.193,
      "lon": -77.376,
      "city": "Petersburg",
      "street": "2588 County Drive",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Received the first site plan approval for a data center in Petersburg in February 2026. No rezoning was required — the site's M-1 Light Industrial zoning permits data centers by right under a 2024 code change. As of late June 2026 no land disturbance permit had been applied for.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260721131420/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/07/21/documents-reveal-details-on-data-center-projects-in-petersburgs-pipeline/",
        "label": "Documents reveal details on several data center projects in Petersburg's pipeline (archived)",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/tri-cities/data-center-projects-july-21-2026",
        "label": "Multiple data centers planned for Petersburg; documents shed light on new details",
        "publisher": "WTVR CBS 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Three-building campus on a 75-acre undeveloped site between I-95 and County Drive, in a federal opportunity zone. An LLC tied to NuVu purchased the site in November 2025 for $4.12 million. Details came from Petersburg city documents released under FOIA. The live publisher page is bot-walled, so the cited source is the Wayback Machine capture actually retrieved. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the cited street address, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "Developer says additional power would come via a new substation connecting to Dominion Energy's grid, plus unspecified 'clean energy' sources."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer states the campus would use a closed-loop water system recycling water within the property, not drawing on public water."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1100000000,
    "landAcres": 75,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nydig-dfm-kraken-richland-mt",
    "name": "NYDIG DFM Kraken Central Site",
    "operator": "NYDIG DFM",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.873,
      "lon": -103.924,
      "city": "Sidney vicinity (unincorporated)",
      "county": "Richland",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://deq.mt.gov/files/Air/AirQuality/Documents/ARMpermits/5262-05.pdf",
        "label": "MAQP #5262-05 Kraken Central Site permit",
        "publisher": "Montana DEQ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.montanarightnow.com/great-falls/public-comment-period-for-proposed-data-center-in-richland-county/article_4cda1b4e-9f00-486f-a57b-baac43377af5.html",
        "label": "Public comment period for proposed data center in Richland County",
        "publisher": "MontanaRightNow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nydig.com/research/nydig-expands-technology-capabilities-with-acquisition-of-crusoes-bitcoin-mining-business",
        "label": "NYDIG Expands Technology Capabilities with Acquisition of Crusoe's Bitcoin Mining Business",
        "publisher": "NYDIG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://montanafreepress.org/2021/06/17/bitcoin-fracking-eastern-montana/",
        "label": "Bitcoin fracking turns waste gas to digital gold in Bakken oil field",
        "publisher": "Montana Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "One of several small well-pad bitcoin-mining sites NYDIG DFM, LLC operates in the Bakken oil field portion of Richland County, MT, continuing the flared/stranded 'Digital Flare Mitigation' gas-to-bitcoin model NYDIG acquired from Crusoe Energy's bitcoin-mining business in 2025 (Crusoe itself sourced this gas from well pads in the area since ~2021). The Kraken Central Site's Aug/Oct 2025 DEQ air-quality permit (MAQP #5262-05) covers eight 2,500-brake-horsepower engines burning well-pad field gas to power a modular data center; capacity is expressed in engine horsepower, not MW, in the source and is not converted here. Sibling NYDIG DFM permits for nearby pads in the same county (Kennedy Pad MAQP #5301-01, Nate Facility MAQP #5314-01, and others: 5268-02/03, 5313-02, 5328-01) indicate this is a multi-site cluster, not a single facility -- only the best-documented site (Kraken Central) is logged here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "flared_gas"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nygc-buena-vista-ai-factory-ione-ca",
    "name": "Buena Vista AI Factory",
    "operator": "NewYork GreenCloud",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.2782244,
      "lon": -120.9115886,
      "city": "Ione",
      "county": "Amador",
      "street": "4655 Coal Mine Road",
      "postalCode": "95640",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "NewYork GreenCloud announced acquisition of the Buena Vista Biomass Power facility to launch a carbon-negative AI factory; as of July 2026 no construction permit or Environmental Impact Report had been filed for the data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://mymotherlode.com/news/local/11078052/biomass-fueled-data-center-project-planned-in-amador-county.html",
        "label": "Biomass-fueled data center project planned in Amador County",
        "publisher": "myMotherLode.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://biomassmagazine.com/articles/newyork-greencloud-acquires-buena-vista-biomass-power-facility-to-launch-first-carbon-negative-ai-factory",
        "label": "NewYork GreenCloud acquires Buena Vista Biomass Power facility to launch first carbon-negative AI factory",
        "publisher": "Biomass Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=4655%20Coal%20Mine%20Road%2C%20Amador%20County%2C%20California",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 4655 Coal Mine Road, Amador County, California",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "About $4 million had been spent on plant renovation as of July 2026, with roughly $171 million planned for modernisation and data center construction; a soft operational test of the repowered plant was targeted for August 2026. Recorded as a data center rather than power generation because the generation is dedicated to the co-located compute; no IT capacity figure has been published, so capacityMw is omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 41,
      "notes": "Redevelopment of the existing 18 MW Buena Vista Biomass Power plant into a 41 MW biomass-to-pyrolysis facility powering an on-site, behind-the-meter AI compute hall using regionally sourced forestry and agricultural residues."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 171000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "nyse-mahwah-data-center-nj",
    "name": "NYSE Data Center (Mahwah)",
    "operator": "New York Stock Exchange",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.078373,
      "lon": -74.15293,
      "city": "Mahwah",
      "county": "Bergen",
      "street": "1700 MacArthur Boulevard",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/1700-macarthur-boulevard-mahwah/new-york-stock-exchange/datacenter/euronextnj1",
        "label": "New York Stock Exchange EuronextNJ1 — marketplace listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/colocation/nyse-opens-mahwah-data-center",
        "label": "NYSE Opens Mahwah Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.computerworld.com/article/1433811/in-fortified-data-center-nyse-runs-gated-trading-cloud.html",
        "label": "In fortified data center, NYSE runs 'gated' trading cloud",
        "publisher": "Computerworld",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "NYSE's own matching-engine data center, opened for trading August 9, 2010 (per Computerworld and Data Center Knowledge). 400,000 sq ft total, roughly 100,000 sq ft of raised-floor colocation space planned across four pods. Heavily fortified: a river/moat around the perimeter, bomb-sniffing dogs, and an interior 'building within a building.' Inflect's listing names the facility 'EuronextNJ1.' Coordinates are a geocode of the street address embedded in Inflect's own page, not a confirmed parcel boundary, hence approximate.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oakland-university-computing-auburn-hills-mi",
    "name": "Oakland University Campus Computing Facility",
    "operator": "Fairmount Properties (with Oakland University)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.675,
      "lon": -83.215,
      "city": "Auburn Hills",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 26
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://oakland.edu/data-infrastructure/",
        "label": "Data Infrastructure Project - Oakland University",
        "publisher": "Oakland University",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Proposed shared university/industry colocation facility on OU's campus (Auburn Hills/Rochester border); site shifted from Parking Lot 35 to Parking Lot 37 to increase distance from a campus hall, a nature preserve, and a Native American heritage site. Cleveland-based Fairmount Properties funds construction, operations, and eventual decommissioning; OU pays nothing and gains an 8x expansion of its own computing capacity. Board of Trustees voted 7-0-1 to proceed into due diligence, design, and construction phases (June 2026); published timeline has due diligence running Oct 2026-June 2027, design July 2027-Fall 2028. Coordinates are an approximate campus-area estimate, not parcel-geocoded. Status re-check, NO change: the only 2026 milestone on the university's own timeline is a Board of Trustees authorization to proceed into due diligence and design (June 2026, already before the record's 2026-08-08 basis). A governing-board authorization is not a municipal permit and no construction start is claimed, so the record stays 'proposed'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "DTE Energy",
      "notes": "Planned to draw on existing, unutilized capacity at the on-campus DTE substation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "University states a cooling system that minimizes water consumption, with use anticipated to be comparable to a standard campus office building; the technology is not named."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Trustees approved 7-0-1, but some faculty and students remain opposed over environmental impact and the adjacent Native American heritage site."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ocosa-321-south-boston-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "OCOSA Communications Tulsa Data Center (321 S Boston)",
    "operator": "OCOSA Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1535,
      "lon": -95.9905,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "321 S Boston Ave",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational Tulsa colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/tulsa",
        "label": "Tulsa Data Centers & Colocation — OCOSA 321 S Boston",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — OCOSA Data Center, Tulsa",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "OCOSA Communications colocation space in the 321 South Boston Avenue carrier hotel — the same building as TulsaConnect DC-1, but a separate operator and facility. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "odessa-partners-dafter-township-mi",
    "name": "Dafter Township Bitcoin Mine",
    "operator": "Odessa Partners",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.3600203,
      "lon": -84.4272645,
      "city": "Dafter",
      "county": "Chippewa",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Mine came online in Dafter Township, across the street from Lake Superior Academy.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2025/10/a-bitcoin-mine-came-to-michigans-upper-peninsula-and-dafter-township-isnt-happy/",
        "label": "A bitcoin mine came to Michigan's Upper Peninsula, and Dafter Township isn't happy",
        "publisher": "Great Lakes Now (Detroit PBS)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Six metal pods on 10 acres. Capacity: NO megawatt figure is stated in the source — capacityMw is omitted rather than estimated from pod count. Water use is NOT quantified either; residents raised concerns about water usage and chemical cooling agents but the source reports no measured figure, so the water field is omitted. No investment, jobs or incentive figures stated. ⚠️ COORDINATES ARE THE DAFTER TOWNSHIP CENTROID from Nominatim, not the site: the source locates the mine only as being in Dafter Township across the street from Lake Superior Academy, and no street address was obtainable in this run. Treat the pin as township-level. aiClassification omitted — the source describes bitcoin mining only, with no AI/GPU workload claim.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Cloverland Electric Cooperative",
      "notes": "Source states Cloverland Electric Cooperative supplies up to 50% hydroelectric power with the remainder purchased from Wisconsin Electric, generated from coal and natural gas. energy.source is recorded as 'grid' because the site is a utility customer, not an owner of generation."
    },
    "landAcres": 10,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Lake Superior Academy, a school directly across the street, filed suit in July 2025 seeking a preliminary injunction, noise reduction and at least $25,000 in damages; a judge issued a temporary restraining order requiring the mine to shut down during the litigation, and the parties were in mediation as of the source. Sound readings reported above 70 decibels. The operator placed hay bales around the facility after the restraining order. Neighbouring Clark Township enacted a one-year moratorium on bitcoin mines.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "okee-one-irsc-okeechobee-fl",
    "name": "Okee-One Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Indian River State College",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.24667,
      "lon": -80.83028,
      "city": "Okeechobee",
      "county": "Okeechobee",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wlrn.org/government-politics/2026-04-29/scrapped-data-center-in-okeechobee-county-mirrors-rising-opposition-to-data-centers-in-south-florida",
        "label": "Scrapped data center in Okeechobee County mirrors rising opposition to data centers in South Florida",
        "publisher": "WLRN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/2026/04/24/florida-data-center-desantis-okeechobee-college-campus/",
        "label": "Future uncertain for Florida data center campus project in Okeechobee",
        "publisher": "Tampa Bay Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Indian River State College's 'Okee-One' project on the former Florida School for Boys site off US 441, a 205-acre site reported by WLRN as a 9-to-10-megawatt facility (figure given as a range, not a single confirmed number, so no capacityMw field is set here). Effectively shut down after Okeechobee County commissioners voted April 23, 2026 to remove the 'Special Technology Opportunity Centers' designation from the county's comprehensive economic growth plan, following a petition against the project that gathered more than 3,000 signatures. The state had previously granted IRSC $1.5M from the Rural Infrastructure Fund for the project; DeSantis administration officials later told Tampa Bay Times they felt misled about its scale and AI-data-center purpose.",
    "landAcres": 205,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "oklahoma-ai-ventures-black-bear-noble-county-ok",
    "name": "Black Bear AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Oklahoma AI Ventures LLC (Jericho Energy Ventures / Comstock Holding Companies JV)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.2892,
      "lon": -97.2836,
      "city": "Perry",
      "county": "Noble",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-10",
        "note": "Oklahoma AI Ventures LLC joint venture formed; land assemblage under way in Pawnee and Noble counties.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.jerichoenergyventures.com/aidatacenter",
        "label": "AI Data Centers — Black Bear campus",
        "publisher": "Jericho Energy Ventures",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001299969/000162828026042075/jerichojvpr-finalfor8xk.htm",
        "label": "Comstock Holding Companies Form 8-K exhibit — Oklahoma AI Ventures JV with Jericho",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Map — Black Bear AI Data Center Campus, Perry",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Flagship campus of the Jericho Energy Ventures / Comstock 50-50 joint venture (Oklahoma AI Ventures LLC), sited on Jericho's ~18,000-acre subsurface portfolio with roughly 60 miles of gas, power and water infrastructure between Oklahoma City and Tulsa. The 8-K names Pawnee and Noble counties and states upwards of 4,000 acres secured for development options; no capacity figure is given by the developer, so none is recorded here. Coordinates are approximate to Perry, the Noble County seat.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Developer describes behind-the-meter natural gas generation from its own producing acreage with grid power as a supplement; a newly built 345 kV line crossing the site is stated to deliver 20 MW of available capacity from January 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "oklo-aurora-pike-county-oh",
    "name": "Oklo Aurora Powerhouse",
    "operator": "Oklo",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.018,
      "lon": -82.996,
      "city": "Piketon",
      "county": "Pike",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-09",
        "note": "Oklo/Meta announce 1.2GW nuclear agreement for Southern Ohio",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://oklo.com/newsroom/news-details/2026/Oklo-Meta-Announce-Agreement-in-Support-of-1-2-GW-Nuclear-Energy-Development-in-Southern-Ohio/default.aspx",
        "label": "Oklo, Meta Announce Agreement in Support of 1.2 GW Nuclear Energy Development in Southern Ohio",
        "publisher": "Oklo Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260109127781/en/Oklo-Meta-Announce-Agreement-in-Support-of-1.2-GW-Nuclear-Energy-Development-in-Southern-Ohio",
        "label": "Oklo, Meta Announce Agreement in Support of 1.2 GW Nuclear Energy Development in Southern Ohio",
        "publisher": "BusinessWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oklo.com/energy/Ohio/default.aspx",
        "label": "Oklo Ohio project page",
        "publisher": "Oklo Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/new-albany/meta-will-use-nuclear-power-for-its-new-albany-a-i-data-center/",
        "label": "Meta will use nuclear power for its New Albany A.I. data center",
        "publisher": "NBC4 WCMH-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/oklos-next-two-nuclear-power-plants-planned-for-southern-ohio/",
        "label": "Oklo's Next Two Nuclear Power Plants Planned for Southern Ohio",
        "publisher": "PowerMagazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-01-13/article-7672/metas-new-nuclear-deals-with-oklo-and-terrapower-the-details/",
        "label": "Meta's new nuclear deals with Oklo and TerraPower: The details",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society / Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://local12.com/news/nation-world/meta-signs-deal-part-of-multibillion-dollar-deal-nuclear-power-site-ohio-pike-county-data-center-oklo",
        "label": "Meta signs deal, part of multibillion-dollar deal, nuclear power site Ohio Pike County data center Oklo",
        "publisher": "Local12/WKRC (citing Cincinnati Business Courier)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/news/2022/22-002.pdf",
        "label": "NRC Denies Oklo Combined License Application (Idaho INL, 2022 — background context only, not Ohio-specific)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001849056/000162828026034095/oklo-20260331.htm",
        "label": "Oklo Inc. SEC Form 10-Q (FY2026)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/01/09/oklo-meta-plan-massive-nuclear-power-campus-in-piketon/",
        "label": "Oklo, Meta plan massive nuclear power campus in Piketon",
        "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/03/20/piketon-set-to-become-ground-zero-for-new-energy-megasite/",
        "label": "Piketon set to become ground zero for new energy megasite",
        "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-11",
    "notes": "Site anchored to the former Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PORTS) off US-23, verified via Library of Congress HAER documentation and EPA Superfund records for the broader federal reservation; no public parcel-level lat/lon has been disclosed for Oklo's 206-acre tract, so location precision is 'approximate' (regional site-level placeholder, not a parcel-confirmed point). Not to be conflated with the separate, larger DOE/Commerce-announced natural-gas (9.2 GW) + data-center (10 GW) megasite reported at the same broader PORTS property (SB Energy/AEP Ohio, ~$33B, announced Feb 2026) — that is a distinct project. investmentUsd intentionally omitted: the disclosed $5.15M Dec 2025 transaction covers land acquisition only, not campus capex (see generation.notes).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Dedicated nuclear generation; per-unit MWe unresolved across sources (15 MWe first two units per PowerMagazine vs ~75 MWe implied by Oklo's 16-unit 1.2GW reference scenario). Timeline: site work begins 2026, first power as early as 2030, full 1.2GW buildout by 2034."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Documented opposition tied to the site's uranium-enrichment contamination legacy and unproven reactor technology; redevelopment-agency (SODI) support and construction-jobs framing.",
      "sourceIndex": 9
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear_smr",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh"
      ],
      "notes": "Oklo owns/operates; Meta prepays for power + funds development (not equity). Powers Meta's New Albany 'Prometheus' supercluster (meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh). Site is the former Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, 206 acres bought from DOE for ~$5.15M in Dec 2025."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "one-data-center-america-ontario-ca",
    "name": "One Data Center America (Ontario Campus)",
    "operator": "One Data Center America, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0633,
      "lon": -117.6509,
      "city": "Ontario",
      "county": "San Bernardino",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://onedatacenteramerica.com",
        "label": "One Data Center America — homepage",
        "publisher": "One Data Center America, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Operator's own site confirms two Ontario, CA facilities under this brand (an original site and a newer \"Second Data Center / ONT-2\"), in the Inland Empire near the I-10/I-15 interchange, carrier-neutral with an on-site 110ft telecom tower and dark-fiber transport to Downtown LA per a 2019 local-press item corroborating the company's existence at that time. No exact street address was confirmed from a source actually fetched in this run: two business-directory listings (Yelp) named 350 S Milliken Ave and 3833 Ebony St, Ontario as possible addresses for the two sites, but both returned HTTP 403 when fetched directly, so neither is used as a source and neither address is recorded. Recorded as a single city-level entry rather than two records to avoid guessing which address belongs to which site or inventing a second coordinate. Capacity/square footage not disclosed in sources fetched.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "one-nuclear-project-cayman-ascension-parish-la",
    "name": "Project Cayman (ONE Nuclear gas-fired plant & battery storage)",
    "operator": "ONE Nuclear Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.1,
      "lon": -90.9942,
      "city": "Donaldsonville",
      "county": "Ascension",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2880
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-09-02",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://americanpress.com/2026/09/02/one-nuclear-plans-gas-fired-data-center-near-musks-starbase-louisiana/",
        "label": "One Nuclear plans gas-fired data center near Musk's Starbase Louisiana",
        "publisher": "American Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/one-nuclear-signs-deal-for-2-88-gw-gas-fired-plant-large-bess-for-louisiana-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "One Nuclear Signs Deal for 2.88-GW Gas-Fired Plant, Large BESS for Louisiana Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "notes": "A binding letter of intent for site control was signed with a Louisiana landowner group near RiverPlex MegaPark (17,000-acre megasite on the Mississippi's west bank between Donaldsonville and White Castle); no permits filed yet. Public information meetings planned September-December 2026. Location coordinates are an approximate point for Donaldsonville (nearest named town), not a parcel-confirmed site.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Paired with a 700 MW / 2.88 GWh battery energy storage system (BESS). ONE Nuclear states an initial natural-gas (Rolls-Royce turbine) deployment with a planned future transition to small modular reactor (SMR) technology once commercially available. Stated purpose is to serve data center load near the RiverPlex MegaPark megasite; no data center offtaker has been named."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "openai-project-camellia-effingham-ga",
    "name": "Project Camellia (OpenAI Effingham County Campus)",
    "operator": "OpenAI",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.296,
      "lon": -81.2354,
      "city": "Rincon",
      "county": "Effingham",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-22",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-22",
        "note": "OpenAI and Effingham County announced a four-building campus at the Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub; a Development of Regional Impact application followed on 2026-07-24.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.effinghamcounty.org/902/Project-Camellia-OpenAI-Data-Center",
        "label": "Project Camellia (OpenAI Data Center) — official county project page",
        "publisher": "Effingham County, Georgia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/22/20-billion-openai-data-center-to-open-in-effingham-county/",
        "label": "$20 billion OpenAI data center to open in Effingham County",
        "publisher": "The Current",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/25/as-effingham-county-data-center-plan-advances-next-step-is-state-evaluation-process/",
        "label": "As Effingham County data center plan advances, next step is state evaluation process",
        "publisher": "The Current",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://w.media/openai-plans-to-build-its-own-3-2-gw-data-center-campus-in-georgia/",
        "label": "OpenAI plans to build its own 3.2 GW data center campus in Georgia",
        "publisher": "W.Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/09/03/effingham-county-residents-sue-county-over-data-center-zoning-ordinance-demand-transparency/",
        "label": "Effingham County residents sue county over data center zoning ordinance, demand transparency",
        "publisher": "WTOC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Four data center buildings on roughly 1,400 acres inside the 2,600-acre Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub near Rincon. Effingham County values the project at $20B; OpenAI's VP of Compute Strategy has said full build-out will exceed $30B. Permanent staffing is described as ~400 at the 2028 opening rising to about 1,000 by 2032. Part of OpenAI's Stargate program.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "OpenAI contracted 3.2 GW with Georgia Power, to be delivered in phases between 2028 and 2032; the county says power generation is kept offsite and no diesel backup generators are planned post-completion."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "County materials describe a closed-loop cooling system drawing treated surface water only — not groundwater or the Floridan aquifer. The DRI form itself left water-use figures blank."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Property tax abatement (50% for 15 years)",
        "jurisdiction": "Effingham County, GA",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 20000000000,
    "landAcres": 1400,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Three residents — Michelle Finch-Mincey, Lehman Mincey Jr. and Raymond Carver — sued in Effingham County Superior Court, reported 2026-09-03, seeking to invalidate Ordinance 2026-352 (final approval 2026-08-04), which added data centers to the county's Permitted Use Table for industrially-zoned land. The complaint alleges the required public hearings before the planning board and county commission never occurred.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "oppd-cass-county-station-cass-ne",
    "name": "Cass County Station",
    "operator": "Omaha Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.947913,
      "lon": -95.96403,
      "county": "Cass",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000,
      "operational": 345
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2003-05",
        "note": "Two natural gas combustion turbines entered service (EIA-860M operating inventory).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Expansion construction began: three new dual-fuel combustion turbines.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppdcommunityconnect.com/cass-county-station",
        "label": "Cass County Station — OPPD Community Connect project page",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M), July 2026 — Operating and Planned sheets, Nebraska rows",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppd.com/news-resources/news-releases/2025/august/oppd-board-receives-updates-on-key-generation-transmission-and-technology-projects/",
        "label": "OPPD board receives updates on key generation, transmission and technology projects",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "The third OPPD thermal station in the Omaha metro build-out alongside the already-tracked Turtle Creek Station and Standing Bear Lake Station, and the largest of the three once expanded. Coordinates from EIA-860M. The 1,000 MW post-expansion figure is OPPD's own published total; it has not been derived by summing OPPD's per-unit and EIA's per-unit ratings, which differ.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District",
      "notes": "Two existing natural gas combustion turbines totalling 345 MW nameplate, in service since May 2003 per EIA-860M. Three new dual-fuel simple-cycle combustion turbines (natural gas or fuel oil), each rated by OPPD at up to 225 MW and by EIA at 264 MW nameplate, are being added for service by 2029, bringing the site to five units and \"about 1,000 MW\" total. Existing units are also being converted to dual fuel."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Located near 42nd Street and Mill Road in Cass County, with a new station entrance along 42nd Street. Kiewit is the contractor; construction started March 2025, with dual-fuel conversion substantial completion in winter 2026/2027 and the new generating units expected in service by 2029. Work also includes substation expansion and new water and fuel-oil storage tanks."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "oppd-pierce-county-energy-center-ne",
    "name": "Pierce County Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2,
      "lon": -97.55,
      "county": "Pierce",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 420
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Generation interconnection agreement executed July 2025; project targeted online in 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://oppdthewire.com/oppd-google-join-forces-with-nextera-on-solar-and-battery-project/",
        "label": "OPPD, Google join forces with NextEra on solar and battery project — 420 MW solar + 170 MW four-hour battery on 2,230 acres in Pierce County, online 2027; $316.4M construction impact, 542 construction jobs",
        "publisher": "OPPD (The Wire)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blog.google/inside-google/infrastructure/our-work-to-build-a-more-sustainable-future-in-nebraska/",
        "label": "Our work to build a more sustainable future in Nebraska — 420 MW solar + 680 MWh battery, online 2027, owned and operated by a NextEra Energy Resources subsidiary",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppd.com/news-resources/news-releases/2025/august/oppd-board-receives-updates-on-key-generation-transmission-and-technology-projects/",
        "label": "OPPD board receives updates on key generation, transmission and technology projects — Pierce County Energy Center interconnection agreement executed July 2025",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "420 MW solar array plus a 170 MW / four-hour-duration (680 MWh) battery storage system on 2,230 acres in rural Pierce County, northeast Nebraska (northwest of Norfolk), owned and operated by a subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources. Built under a procurement framework in which Google supplies carbon-free energy resources to OPPD and shares the capacity attributes and cost savings with OPPD's wider customer base — the resource serves BOTH OPPD customers and Google, so it is NOT a behind-the-meter dedicated plant. Supports Google's 24/7-carbon-free-energy-by-2030 goal. OPPD reports $316.4 million of construction-phase economic impact and 542 construction jobs, then $5.7 million of annual business activity, 9 sustained jobs and over $2 million in local tax revenue once operating; Google's own post gives slightly different figures (540 construction jobs, $5.3 million annual economic activity over a 20-year life). The OPPD figures are used here and the discrepancy is left visible rather than averaged. capacityMw.planned carries the 420 MW solar figure only; the battery is storage, not generation, and is not double-counted. Coordinates are a rural-Pierce-County approximation, NOT a parcel-level geocode. Already named in the poweredBy field of google-papillion-ne but never tracked as its own facility.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District (OPPD)",
      "notes": "420 MW solar paired with 170 MW / 4-hour (680 MWh) battery storage. Generation interconnection agreement executed July 2025; online expected 2027."
    },
    "landAcres": 2230,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 542,
      "permanent": 9,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-papillion-ne"
      ],
      "notes": "Serves both OPPD's general customer base and Google under a joint carbon-free procurement framework. poweredFacilityIds names Papillion because that record already cites this project in its poweredBy field; the framework is utility-wide rather than site-specific."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "oppd-standing-bear-lake-station-douglas-ne",
    "name": "Standing Bear Lake Station",
    "operator": "Omaha Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.3129,
      "lon": -96.118,
      "city": "Omaha",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-11-11",
        "note": "Commercial operation began November 11, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppdcommunityconnect.com/standing-bear-lake-station",
        "label": "Standing Bear Lake Station",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District",
      "notes": "Natural gas with light fuel oil capability; engines \"are capable of running on a 15% hydrogen/natural gas blend in support of future technology advancements.\""
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 9,
      "notes": "Nine Wärtsilä 18V50DF reciprocating internal combustion engines near North 120th Street and Military Road in northwest Omaha. Peaking/balancing plant that \"will run only as needed (estimated at less than 15% of the time).\" Built under OPPD's Power with Purpose program, the same buildout as the already-tracked Turtle Creek Station."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "oppd-turtle-creek-station-sarpy-ne",
    "name": "Turtle Creek Station",
    "operator": "Omaha Public Power District",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.056,
      "lon": -96.191,
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 675,
      "operational": 450
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Units 1 and 2 (two Siemens Energy dual-fuel combustion turbines, 450 MW combined) entered service June 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "A third 225 MW Siemens Energy unit is under construction, targeted for completion by end of 2028, taking the station to about 675 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppdcommunityconnect.com/turtle-creek-station",
        "label": "Turtle Creek Station — near South 168th Street and Fairview Road in Sarpy County; 450 MW from two Siemens dual-fuel turbines online June 2025; third 225 MW unit targeted end of 2028 for ~675 MW total",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/oppd-continues-efforts-generation-expansion",
        "label": "OPPD Continues Efforts on Generation Expansion — Turtle Creek Station 450 MW plus a 225 MW addition; Siemens SGT6-5000F; Cass County Station 225 MW addition; Platteview Solar 81 MW; Standing Bear Lake Station 150 MW",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oppdcommunityconnect.com/generation",
        "label": "OPPD Generation — Power with Purpose portfolio; 'OPPD expects to add energy load to its system at a rate of 100 megawatts (MW) per year for the next 5-6 years'",
        "publisher": "Omaha Public Power District",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "OPPD natural-gas peaking station near South 168th Street and Fairview Road in Sarpy County — the same county as the Meta Sarpy and Google Papillion campuses. Two Siemens Energy dual-fuel combustion turbines totalling 450 MW entered service in June 2025, each able to reach full output in under 11 minutes; a third 225 MW unit is under construction with completion targeted by end of 2028, taking the station to roughly 675 MW. Dual-fuel on natural gas with light fuel oil backup, and stated to be future-compatible with a 30% hydrogen/natural-gas blend or biodiesel. ⚠️ SCOPE CAVEAT FOR THE REVIEWER: NO source fetched this session names data centers as the driver for this plant. OPPD attributes it to 'significant growth in energy demand' and its Power with Purpose initiative, and separately states it expects to add load at 100 MW per year for the next 5-6 years — but the August 2025 board update explicitly does not identify what generates that growth. This record is offered on the same basis as the dataset's existing utility-plant entries with no named compute offtaker (aps-desert-sun-power-plant-gila-bend-az, dominion-chesterfield-energy-reliability-center-va); if the project's bar is a sourced compute nexus, REJECT this candidate. Coordinates are derived from the stated intersection, NOT a parcel geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District (OPPD)",
      "notes": "Dual-fuel simple-cycle combustion turbines: natural gas primary, light fuel oil alternative; stated future compatibility with a 30% hydrogen blend or biodiesel."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 3,
      "notes": "Units 1-2 (450 MW combined) online June 2025; Unit 3 (225 MW) targeted end of 2028. No named compute offtaker — this is public-utility system generation, not a dedicated plant."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "oppidan-apple-valley-technology-park-mn",
    "name": "Apple Valley Technology Park (Oppidan/Rockport)",
    "operator": "Oppidan Investment Company",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.7546223,
      "lon": -93.1731744,
      "city": "Apple Valley",
      "county": "Dakota",
      "postalCode": "55124",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_thisweek/community/apple_valley/apple-valley-continues-to-deny-data-center-use/article_4c1fcb85-2200-4737-8209-31a6b789b138.html",
        "label": "Apple Valley continues to deny data center use",
        "publisher": "Sun Thisweek / Hometown Source",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.limitless-news.com/local/apple-valley-technology-park-update",
        "label": "Apple Valley Planning Commission Recommends Denial of Proposed Data Center Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southmetroscoop.com/blogs/apple-valley-data-center-denied-full-story",
        "label": "Apple Valley Just Killed a 1-Million-Sq-Ft Data Center",
        "publisher": "South Metro Scoop",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Five-building, ~1.05M sq ft campus proposed on the former Fischer Aggregate/AVR sand-and-gravel site (Orchard Place) southwest of County Road 42 and Pilot Knob Road; developer claimed ~$1.08B construction-phase GDP contribution. Denial was final after the developer's extension expired 2026-03-31.",
    "landAcres": 134,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "City council unanimously rejected the project 2026-03-26, following the planning commission's denial recommendation, citing conflicts with the city's Comprehensive Plan and inability to fund required water-treatment expansion.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oppidan-beaver-dam-edge-wi",
    "name": "Oppidan Beaver Dam Edge Data Center",
    "operator": "Oppidan Investment Company",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.4578,
      "lon": -88.8373,
      "city": "Beaver Dam",
      "county": "Dodge",
      "street": "Highway 151 and Hemlock Road",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-07",
        "note": "Beaver Dam Common Council voted 11-3 to authorize a development agreement and the sale of slightly more than 14 acres of city land near Highway 151 and Hemlock Road for $407,340; construction set to begin summer 2026 with the facility online in 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dailydodge.com/beaver-dam-common-council-approves-second-data-center/",
        "label": "Beaver Dam Common Council Approves Second Data Center",
        "publisher": "Daily Dodge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/economy/second-data-center-project-proposed-in-beaver-dam",
        "label": "Second data center project proposed in Beaver Dam (90,000 sq ft, 13-acre site at Highway 151 and Hemlock Road, under 20 MW, 5,929 gallons/day estimated water use, 15 full-time jobs)",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "A 90,000-square-foot single-story regional edge data center — a separate, much smaller project from Meta's ~700,000-square-foot Beaver Dam campus already tracked. Council deliberations raised water use, utility rates and tax-fairness concerns. Coordinates are a municipality-level locator; the site is at Highway 151 and Hemlock Road.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.0059,
      "notes": "Estimated daily water usage of 5,929 gallons for the 90,000 sq ft facility — about 0.0059 million gallons per day. This is the project's own estimate as presented to the Beaver Dam City Council, not a measured figure, and the source does not identify a cooling method."
    },
    "landAcres": 14,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 15,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oppidan-cedar-rapids-ia",
    "name": "Oppidan Cedar Rapids Data Center",
    "operator": "Oppidan",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9439273,
      "lon": -91.6736877,
      "city": "Cedar Rapids",
      "county": "Linn",
      "street": "1515 33rd Avenue SW",
      "postalCode": "52404",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 10
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-08",
        "note": "Cedar Rapids confirmed the project after building permits were filed; the site has been zoned light industrial since the early 2000s, so a data center is a permitted use and no public hearing is required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/07/08/cedar-rapids-confirms-third-data-center-planned-southwest-side/",
        "label": "Cedar Rapids confirms third data center planned for southwest side",
        "publisher": "KCRG-TV9",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/local/3rd-cedar-rapids-data-center-ready-for-construction/article_e0973e26-383e-4896-bebc-a4c085b8d4a5.html",
        "label": "Another data center is in the works for Cedar Rapids",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/building-permit-issued-for-new-cedar-rapids-data-center/",
        "label": "Building permit issued for new Cedar Rapids data center",
        "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Just north of Highway 30 on the southwest side. Over 98,000 sq ft, no city incentives, construction expected to start in fall 2026 or early spring 2027 depending on equipment availability. Permit documents name the applicant entity as CLOP Cedar Rapids, IA LLC. The Gazette reports the facility is intended for networking, signal boosting and storage rather than AI training or inference, so no aiClassification value is recorded — the existing enum cannot express 'assessed, not AI.' Oppidan built a comparable 60,000 sq ft, 5 MW facility in Des Moines in 2024, which is tracked separately.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The Gazette reports the project uses a closed-loop water cooling system."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 100000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 250,
      "permanent": 15,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Cedar Rapids Mayor Tiffany O'Donnell voiced support (2026-07-08), framing data centers as consistent with the city's industrial identity. However, neighboring/overlapping Linn County had recently adopted a temporary moratorium on data centers -- Cedar Rapids itself is not applying that moratorium here because the site is already zoned for light-industrial use (permitted since the early 2000s), so this specific project proceeds despite county-level backlash driving the moratorium elsewhere. No direct opposition testimony to THIS project was found.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oppidan-des-moines-ia",
    "name": "Oppidan Des Moines Data Center",
    "operator": "Oppidan",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5868,
      "lon": -93.625,
      "city": "Des Moines",
      "county": "Polk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-05",
        "note": "Construction completed May 2024 per the general contractor's project page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.weitz.com/projects/oppidan-data-center/",
        "label": "Oppidan Data Center — project page (general contractor)",
        "publisher": "The Weitz Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://www.thegazette.com/news/local/3rd-cedar-rapids-data-center-ready-for-construction/article_e0973e26-383e-4896-bebc-a4c085b8d4a5.html",
        "label": "Another data center is in the works for Cedar Rapids (reports Oppidan's completed 60,000 sq ft / 5 MW Des Moines data center)",
        "publisher": "The Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/building-permit-issued-for-new-cedar-rapids-data-center/",
        "label": "Building permit issued for new Cedar Rapids data center",
        "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "60,000 sq ft, 5 MW LEED-certified data center delivered design-build by The Weitz Company for developer Oppidan. Construction started summer 2023 and completed May 2024. Oppidan's first data center in Iowa, and the model for its larger Cedar Rapids project. A street address (5900 Thornton Ave) appears in third-party listings but could not be confirmed on a page fetched this session, so it is not recorded here.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oracle-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Oracle Elk Grove Village Data Center",
    "operator": "Oracle",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0035588,
      "lon": -88.0037711,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Oracle America, Inc. signed a 2025 Data Center Investment Program MOU for an Elk Grove Village project; no construction start has been publicly reported.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — Oracle America, Inc., Elk Grove Village (2025 MOU, $555,000,000 commitment, 20 new jobs)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/here-are-the-illinois-data-centers-on-track-for-more-than-650m-in-tax-credits/",
        "label": "Here are the Illinois data centers on track for more than $650M in tax credits",
        "publisher": "Capitol News Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://servercountry.org/data/projects/oracle-america-elk-grove-village-data-center-il/",
        "label": "Oracle America — Elk Grove Village Data Center, Cook County",
        "publisher": "Server Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "The state MOU is the only public record of this project; no street address, acreage or capacity has been disclosed. Coordinates are the Elk Grove Village municipal centroid, not a parcel. The largest single 2025 MOU commitment in the program.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 34687500,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 555000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oracle-hillsboro-or",
    "name": "Oracle Hillsboro Data Center",
    "operator": "Oracle",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5437211,
      "lon": -122.8944315,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "3295 NE 83rd Avenue",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dcpulse.com/project/oracle-3295-ne-83rd-ave-hillsboro-oregon-data-center",
        "label": "Oracle Hillsboro Data Center — 3295 NE 83rd Ave, ~91,000 sq ft, ~7.0 MW total electrical utility capacity",
        "publisher": "DC Pulse",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/oracle-hillsboro-1",
        "label": "Oracle: Hillsboro 1 Data Center — 91,000 sq ft, fully operational, built 2001",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Single-tenant Oracle Cloud Infrastructure facility of approximately 91,000 sq ft with around 7.0 MW of total electrical utility capacity. Baxtel dates the building to 2001. No Oracle site is currently tracked in Oregon.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oracle-salt-lake-city-ut",
    "name": "Oracle Salt Lake City",
    "operator": "Oracle",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.736391,
      "lon": -112.005741,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/utah/salt-lake-city/oracle-salt-lake-city/",
        "label": "Oracle Salt Lake City — data centre directory listing (1499-1521 S 4800 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84104). Address read from the search index only: the page was bot-walled on direct fetch and its content is not independently verified.",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cra.slc.gov/project-areas/",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City — the eight active project areas, all downtown-core or North Temple/9-Line corridors; none covers 4800 West",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. The Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City's FY2016 annual report and Salt Lake City Council District 2's public summary of its CRA project areas name no beneficiary matching Oracle, and no general web search surfaced an incentive award; a candidate address (1499-1521 S 4800 W) sits well outside the footprint of all eight RDA project areas, which cluster downtown and along the North Temple/9-Line corridors. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing. Distinct from the separately tracked Oracle West Jordan campus (Project Sequoia).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oracle-west-jordan-ut",
    "name": "Oracle West Jordan Data Center (Project Sequoia)",
    "operator": "Oracle",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.60613,
      "lon": -111.93952,
      "city": "West Jordan",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.computerworld.com/article/1554289/work-resumes-on-oracle-s-massive-utah-data-center.html",
        "label": "Work resumes on Oracle's massive Utah data center",
        "publisher": "Computerworld",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://clui.org/ludb/site/oracle-south-jordan-data-center",
        "label": "Oracle South Jordan Data Center — Land Use Database entry",
        "publisher": "The Center for Land Use Interpretation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/business/ai-utah-data-center-boom-fossil-fuels-gas/",
        "label": "To power Utah's data center boom, companies are turning to fossil fuels",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.deseret.com/2008/5/19/20253264/oracle-to-build-data-center-in-west-jordan/",
        "label": "Oracle to build data center in West Jordan — GOED tax rebate and Economic Development Area reported",
        "publisher": "Deseret News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/operations-and-management/oracle-confirms-285m-utah-data-center",
        "label": "Oracle confirms $285M Utah data center — up to $15 million in state tax incentives",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "A Governor's Office of Economic Development (GOED) state tax rebate reported at more than $15 million, and a local West Jordan Economic Development Area (EDA) reimbursing a portion of Oracle's property-tax increment (reported at \"nearly $10 million,\" for property acquisition and site improvements), were reported in May 2008 for this project. As of that reporting the local EDA's structure was still pending (\"Representatives from local governments will meet sometime in July to determine the structure of the incentive\"), and construction was halted from March 2009 to 2010; no document located in this session confirms the local EDA was finalized or survived the halt. Recorded as reported in 2008, not confirmed executed — no subsidies entry added, since reported eligibility for an incentive is not the same as a confirmed award.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Computerworld describes the building as 'roughly 240,000 square feet in size', built to support Oracle's software-as-a-service business (CRM on Demand and the then-forthcoming Fusion Applications suite). Construction was suspended without public explanation in 2009 and had resumed by April 2010. Grist and the Lehi Free Press both list Oracle among the Salt Lake County data centers approved for diesel standby generators in recent years. No MW rating appeared on any page actually read, so capacityMw is omitted."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "orbitcom-coeurdalene-id",
    "name": "OrbitCom Coeur d'Alene Data Center",
    "operator": "OrbitCom",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.70069,
      "lon": -116.79227,
      "city": "Coeur d'Alene",
      "county": "Kootenai",
      "street": "442 W. Appleway Ave",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/orbitcom-coeur-dalene-data-center/",
        "label": "OrbitCom - Coeur D'Alene Data Center - Cloud and Colocation",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "General-purpose carrier-neutral colocation facility: rack space from single units up to a full 7' relay rack, remote-hands support, connectivity, hosting, battery backup and a natural gas backup generator. No MW capacity or square footage disclosed in the source fetched (a third-party colocation directory, not the operator's own site -- OrbitCom's own site returned an error on fetch). aiClassification omitted: no AI/GPU/HPC use stated for this site, consistent with it being general enterprise colocation.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oregon-industrial-park-data-center-lucas-oh",
    "name": "Oregon Industrial Park Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Capacity LLC (Vantage Data Centers named as prospective developer)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.649,
      "lon": -83.4614,
      "city": "Oregon",
      "county": "Lucas",
      "street": "Corduroy Rd / Wynnscape Dr / Parkway Dr corridor, Oregon Industrial Park",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://oregonohio.org/oregon-industrial-park-information-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "City of Oregon official Q&A: ~168 acres at Wynn/Corduroy Rds, up to 8 buildings, ~500 MW at build-out, $2–3B, developer Capacity LLC",
        "publisher": "City of Oregon, OH",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.13abc.com/2026/07/29/oregon-officials-eye-vantage-data-centers-proposed-development-near-wynn-corduroy-roads/",
        "label": "13abc (2026-07-29): Oregon officials name Vantage Data Centers as prospective developer; no decision finalized; citizen referendum petition underway",
        "publisher": "13abc WTVG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Proposed ~168-acre, up-to-8-building data-center campus at Wynn Rd & Corduroy Rd in the Oregon Industrial Park (Toledo area) — Lucas County's first tracked site. The city assembled parcels for site developer Capacity LLC (~$2–3B, ~500 MW at build-out); in late July 2026 officials publicly named Vantage Data Centers as the prospective operator, but the city administrator said no decisions are finalized and a citizen group ('United Neighbors of Oregon') is petitioning for a November 2026 referendum. Confidence 'reported' given operator-in-transition and unbuilt status; coordinates approximate.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A citizen group ('United Neighbors of Oregon') is petitioning to force a November 2026 public referendum on the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "orient-energy-center-ia",
    "name": "Orient Energy Center",
    "operator": "MidAmerican Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2003,
      "lon": -94.4241,
      "city": "Orient",
      "county": "Adair",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 465
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-02-19",
        "note": "MidAmerican briefed the Adair County Board of Supervisors on the 465 MW project, targeted for 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.midamericanenergy.com/newsroom/2025-generation-projects",
        "label": "MidAmerican releases long-term plan to meet projected Iowa economic and customer demand growth",
        "publisher": "MidAmerican Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://westerniowatoday.com/2025/02/19/adair-county-supervisors-receive-project-update-from-midamerican-energy/",
        "label": "Adair County Supervisors Receive Project Update from MidAmerican Energy",
        "publisher": "Western Iowa Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "Proposed 465 MW natural gas-fired combustion turbine in Adair County, south of the town of Orient, targeted to come online in 2028. Part of the same MidAmerican long-term plan that includes an 800 MW multi-site solar reliability project across roughly six Iowa sites in 2027-2028 whose locations are not finalised. Reported project cost of $600 million and a site of roughly 28 acres appear in trade and local coverage that could not be fetched this session and are therefore not recorded here. Relevant to this dataset as new dispatchable capacity added in a state whose load growth is being driven substantially by data center development.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 400,
      "permanent": 5,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "MidAmerican briefed the Adair County Board of Supervisors, which acknowledged receipt of a notice; no formal county approvals or conditions are described in the cited coverage, and no organised support or opposition was reported. The company projects approximately $7 million in property tax revenues over the plant's service life and says the permanent roles pay $100,000 to $125,000 annually.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Natural gas-fired combustion turbine intended as a peaker: MidAmerican expects it to run when load is at its peak, estimated at less than 10 percent of the year. Announced as part of MidAmerican's long-term generation plan to meet projected Iowa economic and customer demand growth. No offtaker is recorded — this is utility peaking capacity for the system, not contracted data center supply."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "origis-golden-triangle-i-lowndes-ms",
    "name": "Golden Triangle I Solar + Storage",
    "operator": "Origis Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4189,
      "lon": -88.6189,
      "county": "Lowndes",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Commercial operation reached January 2025 per Origis Energy's project page; Global Energy Monitor records the phase as operating.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://origisenergy.com/project/golden-triangle-i-solar-storage/",
        "label": "Golden Triangle I Solar + Storage — Lowndes County, MS; 200 MWac / 281 MWdc plus 50 MW / 200 MWh storage; COD January 2025; TVA offtake",
        "publisher": "Origis Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Golden_Triangle_Solar",
        "label": "Golden Triangle Solar — Global Solar Power Tracker (Origis Energy; Lowndes County, MS; Phase 1 200 MWac operating 2025)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "The $344 million figure is Origis' stated project construction and term loan facility. Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's Phase 1 point, marked approximate. Part of a four-project Origis portfolio for TVA in Mississippi (Golden Triangle I and II in Lowndes County, Optimist and Hope in Clay County) totalling 750 MWac plus 350 MW of storage on completion; portfolio-wide figures are not attributed to this record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 344000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "200 MWac / 281 MWdc of solar paired with 50 MW / 200 MWh of battery storage, sold to TVA. Global Energy Monitor records this as Phase 1 of 'Golden Triangle Solar' (alternate names OE_MS5 / Clay County Solar). Origis reports approximately 300 construction workers via RES and about 9 permanent on-site jobs over a 35+ year life; the identical figures appear on the Golden Triangle II page, so they are described here rather than recorded as per-site job counts."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "origis-golden-triangle-ii-lowndes-ms",
    "name": "Golden Triangle II Solar + Storage",
    "operator": "Origis Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4155,
      "lon": -88.6223,
      "county": "Lowndes",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-05",
        "note": "Commercial operation reached May 2024 per Origis Energy's project page; Global Energy Monitor records the phase as operating from 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://origisenergy.com/project/golden-triangle-ii-solar-storage/",
        "label": "Golden Triangle II Solar + Storage — Lowndes County, MS; 150 MWac / 213 MWdc plus 50 MW / 200 MWh storage; COD May 2024; TVA offtake",
        "publisher": "Origis Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Golden_Triangle_Solar",
        "label": "Golden Triangle Solar — Global Solar Power Tracker (Origis Energy; Lowndes County, MS; Phase 2 150 MWac operating 2024)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Distinct phase and distinct coordinates from origis-golden-triangle-i-lowndes-ms, roughly 400 m apart on the same complex; both are recorded separately because Origis and Global Energy Monitor treat them as separate projects with separate capacities and commercial operation dates. Construction and permanent job figures on Origis' page are stated identically for both phases and are therefore not recorded as per-site counts. Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's Phase 2 point, marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "150 MWac / 213 MWdc of solar paired with 50 MW / 200 MWh of battery storage, sold to TVA. Global Energy Monitor records this as Phase 2 of 'Golden Triangle Solar' (alternate name OE_MS6)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "origis-optimist-solar-clay-ms",
    "name": "Optimist Solar + Storage",
    "operator": "Origis Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6435,
      "lon": -88.594,
      "county": "Clay",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Origis Energy's project page lists the project as operating with a commercial operation date of January 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://origisenergy.com/project/optimist-solar-storage/",
        "label": "Optimist Solar + Storage — Clay County, MS; 200 MWac / 285 MWdc plus 50 MW / 200 MWh storage; COD January 2026; TVA offtake; status Operating",
        "publisher": "Origis Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Optimist_Solar",
        "label": "Optimist Solar (MS Solar 7) — Global Solar Power Tracker (Origis Energy; Clay County, MS; 200 MWac; pre-construction; 2026 planned)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "The two sources disagree on lifecycle stage and the disagreement is recorded rather than smoothed over: Origis' own project page marks the project Operating with a January 2026 COD, while Global Energy Monitor still lists it as pre-construction with a 2026 planned start. Status follows the owner's own page; confidence is held at 'reported' because of the conflict. Coordinates are Global Energy Monitor's plant point, marked approximate. The fourth project in the same Origis/TVA Mississippi portfolio, Hope Solar + Storage (Clay County, 200 MWac plus 200 MW / 800 MWh, targeted end-2028), is NOT recorded here because no source read this session published a coordinate for it.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "200 MWac / 285 MWdc of solar paired with 50 MW / 200 MWh of battery storage, sold to TVA. Global Energy Monitor records the project (also known as MS Solar 7) under Origis Energy 100% ownership."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ormat-salt-wells-churchill-county-nv",
    "name": "Salt Wells Geothermal Power Plant",
    "operator": "Ormat Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2948739,
      "lon": -118.5724319,
      "county": "Churchill",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01-05",
        "note": "Existing Ormat plant near Fallon undergoing a major upgrade; PPA with Switch announced.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/ormat-technologies-signs-20-year-ppa-with-switch-for-13mw-of-carbon-free-geothermal-capacity-to-power-data-centers/",
        "label": "Ormat Technologies Signs 20-Year PPA with Switch for ~13MW of Carbon-Free Geothermal Capacity to Power Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap (via Overpass API) geothermal plant way 524684629, 'Salt Wells', Churchill County NV - site geometry centroid",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Located near Fallon, Nevada. The OpenStreetMap feature still carries a stale 'ENEL Salt Wells LLC' operator tag; current ownership is taken from the January 2026 Ormat/Switch announcement, which describes it as 'Ormat's Salt Wells geothermal power plant'.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "geothermal",
      "offtaker": "Switch",
      "notes": "20-year PPA signed 2026-01-05 under which Switch buys approximately 13 MW from the plant to support its Nevada data centers - Ormat's first direct PPA with a data center operator. Energy deliveries are scheduled to begin in Q1 2030, following a major plant upgrade expected to complete in Q2 2026. Ormat holds an option to add an approximately 7 MW solar PV facility serving auxiliary load. The ~13 MW is the contracted slice, not the plant's nameplate capacity, so no capacityMw is recorded."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ornl-oak-ridge-leadership-computing-facility-tn",
    "name": "Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (Frontier supercomputer)",
    "operator": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.92951,
      "lon": -84.31057,
      "city": "Oak Ridge",
      "county": "Roane",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "Frontier, an HPE Cray EX exascale system with AMD EPYC CPUs and AMD Instinct MI250X GPUs (74 cabinets, 1.6 EF peak), was delivered in 2021 and opened for early operations in 2022; ranked No. 1 on the TOP500 in 2022",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/frontier/",
        "label": "Frontier — Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (delivered 2021, early operations 2022; HPE Cray EX, AMD EPYC/Instinct; 1.6 EF peak)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility / ORNL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/10648552506",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node 10648552506: 'Frontier (supercomputer)', operator Oak Ridge National Laboratory, telecom=data_center",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2026/01/12/call-for-proposals-open-to-develop-discovery-supercomputers-first-science-applications/",
        "label": "Call for Proposals Open to Develop Discovery Supercomputer's First Science Applications (OLCF, Jan 12, 2026) — Discovery arriving in 2028 at ORNL",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility / ORNL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-21",
    "notes": "DOE Office of Science user facility housing Frontier (exascale HPC used for simulation and AI training/analysis) and, from 2028, the Discovery supercomputer for the DOE Genesis Mission. Facility power draw and floor area are not stated on the fetched pages, so no capacity is asserted. Distinct from the tracked DOE Oak Ridge Reservation AI data center lease sites.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "otava-ann-arbor-mi",
    "name": "Otava Ann Arbor Data Center",
    "operator": "Otava",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2813722,
      "lon": -83.7484616,
      "city": "Ann Arbor",
      "county": "Washtenaw",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.otava.com/data-center-michigan/",
        "label": "Secure Cloud Hosting Data Centers in Michigan — Otava Ann Arbor: located in \"Avis park, south of downtown\"; \"Dual Cummins 937.5 KVA diesel generators with 72-hour capacity\"; \"Dual Eaton 300 KVA UPS battery backup system\"",
        "publisher": "Otava",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Ann%20Arbor%2C%20Washtenaw%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Michigan (city-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "DELIBERATE GAP: the operator page places this facility in the Avis Farms business park south of downtown but does not print a street address, and the commonly-cited 640 Avis Dr address appeared only in a search-results summary this session, never on a page that was fetched — so no street is asserted and the pin is a city-level geocode, not the building. A maintainer adding the address should confirm it against an operator-published page first. Generator/UPS figures are in kVA as published; no MW is derived from them.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "otava-metro-detroit-westland-mi",
    "name": "Otava Metro Detroit Data Center",
    "operator": "Otava",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.331172,
      "lon": -83.419408,
      "city": "Westland",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "street": "6435 North Hix Road",
      "postalCode": "48185",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.otava.com/data-center-michigan/",
        "label": "Secure Cloud Hosting Data Centers in Michigan — Otava Metro Detroit: \"34,500 square-foot standalone data center\", \"1.2 MW\" total building load capacity, eight telecom providers",
        "publisher": "Otava",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"Otava Metro Detroit\", Otava LLC, 6435 North Hix Road, Westland 48185",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral standalone facility. The street address comes from Otava's own PeeringDB registration; the capacity and square footage from Otava's site. Otava (formerly Online Tech) does not appear anywhere in the tracked MI set.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "outrigger-washington-daviess-county-in",
    "name": "Outrigger Industrial Washington Data Center",
    "operator": "Outrigger Industrial",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.65,
      "lon": -87.05,
      "city": "Washington",
      "county": "Daviess",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Outrigger Industrial presented preliminary plans for a build-to-suit data center to the Washington city council.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Washington City Council voted unanimously to cease all business with the developer and explore a moratorium, ending the proposal.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ipm.org/news/2026-03-24/new-data-center-proposed-near-washington-ind",
        "label": "New data center proposed near Washington, Ind.",
        "publisher": "Indiana Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ipm.org/news/2026-05-12/washington-city-council-cancels-data-center-development-will-explore-moratorium",
        "label": "Washington city council cancels data center development, will explore moratorium",
        "publisher": "Indiana Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.washtimesherald.com/news/local_news/washington-city-council-says-no-to-data-center/article_9e635735-d823-46b1-9c83-3c89b04934e5.html",
        "label": "Washington City Council says no to data center",
        "publisher": "Washington Times-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vincennespbs.org/2026/03/24/data-center-proposal-presented-to-washington-council/",
        "label": "Data center proposal presented to Washington council",
        "publisher": "Vincennes PBS (WVUT)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Speculative build-to-suit data center proposed for the southeast corner of I-69 and US 50 near Washington in Daviess County on a ~120-acre site. Developer estimated a demand of 250-500 MW, $100-250M in buildings plus $500M-$1B in tenant equipment, ~$70M in tax revenue over 10 years, and 100-150 jobs. The Washington City Council voted unanimously in May 2026 to terminate dealings with the developer, effectively cancelling the proposal. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the I-69/US 50 interchange east of Washington.",
    "landAcres": 120,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A local petition opposed the project on water/land grounds; the Washington City Council voted unanimously in May 2026 to cease all dealings with the developer and to explore a data-center moratorium.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "oxbow-solar-pointe-coupee-la",
    "name": "Oxbow Solar (Ventress)",
    "operator": "JERA Nex",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.667878,
      "lon": -91.391706,
      "city": "Ventress",
      "county": "Pointe Coupee",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Lightsource bp lists the project as in commercial operations; JERA Nex assumed ownership mid-2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightsourcebp.com/project/oxbow-solar/",
        "label": "Oxbow Solar project in Louisiana",
        "publisher": "Lightsource bp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.jeranex.com/projects/oxbow/",
        "label": "Oxbow Solar Farm in Louisiana",
        "publisher": "JERA Nex",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 65030, Oxbow Solar 1)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Largest operating solar farm in Louisiana, on roughly 1,800 acres near Ventress and False River. Coordinate is the EIA-derived plant point (plant code 65030).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "343 MWdc / 300 MWac utility-scale PV delivering to the MISO grid."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 394000000,
    "landAcres": 1800,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Developed, financed and built by Lightsource bp; JERA Nex assumed ownership in mid-2024 and Lightsource bp continues to provide asset management and O&M. Output is contracted to McDonald's and eBay under corporate PPAs, not to a compute buyer."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "panama-energy-center-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Panama Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.53778,
      "lon": -96.787246,
      "city": "Hallam",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 304
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-15",
        "note": "1011 NOW reported construction and testing under way and approaching completion, with operations expected December 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/panama-energy-center/project-overview.html",
        "label": "Panama Energy Center — project overview",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2026/07/15/what-does-it-take-build-nebraskas-largest-solar-energy-facility/",
        "label": "What does it take to build Nebraska's largest solar energy facility?",
        "publisher": "1011 NOW (KOLN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/solar-thermal-photovoltaic/solar-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Solar Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Set to be Nebraska's largest solar facility, just east of the village of Hallam in southwest Lancaster County. Developer states 304 MW solar + 120 MW storage, approximately 1,100 acres, up to 250 construction jobs, and $42 million in community revenue over the first 30 years; 1011 NOW reported ~400 workers at peak and 4 permanent staff. landAcres is deliberately unset — the developer's page says approximately 1,100 acres while local coverage says 2,400 acres, and the two are not reconcilable from what was read. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: the pin is the village of Hallam (OpenStreetMap/Nominatim); the array lies east of it. Note this is a different Hallam-area project from the proposed Sagebrush hyperscale campus and from NPPD's Sheldon and Princeton Road stations.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Up to 304 MW of photovoltaic solar paired with 120 MW of battery energy storage. Phase one — 202 MW of solar plus 80 MW of storage — was nearing completion in July 2026, with roughly half a million panels installed at 8,000–10,000 per day."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "panattoni-burgin-mercer-county-ky",
    "name": "Panattoni Burgin Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Panattoni",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.75444,
      "lon": -84.76333,
      "city": "Burgin",
      "county": "Mercer",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkms.org/2026-08-17/hyperscale-data-centers-provoke-bipartisan-outrage-across-kentucky",
        "label": "Hyperscale data centers provoke bipartisan outrage across Kentucky",
        "publisher": "WKMS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "No capacity, investment, or named end-user figure found as of 2026-09-10; developer identified only as Panattoni. Confidence set to 'reported' pending a primary filing (county P&Z docket) confirming project specifics.",
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "National developer Panattoni's proposed hyperscale AI data center on unincorporated farmland near Burgin would require annexation of 1,000+ acres, roughly doubling Burgin's size. About 200 residents attended a Mercer County Planning & Zoning Commission hearing on 2026-07-30 (commission voted unanimously to advance data-center-enabling regulations the same day); the Burgin city council had voted 3-2 for a first reading of the annexation ordinance in early July 2026. Grassroots group 'We Are Mercer County' formed with 1,000+ Facebook members; residents wore blue 'no data center' shirts. Resident Stacey Sellers: 'Please, do not let the greed of a few outweigh the wellbeing of our people.' Mercer County Fiscal Court passed a one-year moratorium on 2026-08-12 that explicitly exempts Burgin's pending annexation; residents packed Burgin city hall that day in opposition. Resident Beth Corea: 'They want our land, our water, our electricity.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "panther-creek-hpc-ai-campus-nesquehoning-pa",
    "name": "Panther Creek HPC/AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Bitfarms Ltd.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8564,
      "lon": -75.8283,
      "city": "Nesquehoning",
      "county": "Carbon",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 350
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-05",
        "note": "Bitfarms announced a partnership with T5 Data Centers for pre-construction design planning and development approvals for an HPC/AI data center at the Panther Creek campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Bitfarms converted its Macquarie facility into $300M of project financing on October 10, 2025 and drew an additional $50M specifically to fund civil works and substation construction at Panther Creek, with groundbreaking and commencement of civil works in Q4 2025 and Phase 1 energization expected by year-end 2026. The Nesquehoning Planning Commission granted a special exception permit on February 24, 2026 for Phase 1 — four buildings totalling 315,000 sq ft on 90 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investor.bitfarms.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bitfarms-announces-partnership-t5-data-centers-advance-hpcai",
        "label": "Bitfarms Announces Partnership with T5 Data Centers to Advance HPC/AI Development at Panther Creek Campus",
        "publisher": "Bitfarms Ltd.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2025/08/bitfarms-announces-partnership-to.html",
        "label": "Bitfarms Announces Partnership To Develop A.I. Data Center At Panther Creek Waste Coal-Fired Power Plant In Carbon County",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investor.bitfarms.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bitfarms-converts-macquarie-debt-facility-300m-project-financing",
        "label": "Bitfarms Converts Macquarie Debt Facility to $300M Project Financing and Draws Additional $50M to Accelerate HPC/AI Development at Panther Creek Campus",
        "publisher": "Bitfarms Ltd.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/local-officials-greenlight-bitfarms-panther-142555915.html",
        "label": "Local officials greenlight Bitfarms Panther Creek AI data center",
        "publisher": "Times News Online (via Yahoo Finance)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfmz.com/news/area/poconos-coal/carbon-county/public-meeting-to-be-held-thursday-on-data-center-proposal-in-carbon-county/article_246d8c60-4536-4460-a05c-b4f8b7fe86d8.html",
        "label": "Public meeting to be held Thursday on data center proposal in Carbon County",
        "publisher": "WFMZ-TV 69 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tnonline.com/20260422/nesquehoning-data-center-plans-need-work/",
        "label": "Nesquehoning data center plans need work",
        "publisher": "Times News Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "An HPC/AI data center campus in pre-construction design at the Panther Creek waste-coal power plant site in Nesquehoning, Carbon County, with T5 Data Centers providing pre-construction design, development-approval and construction guidance. This is a separate data_center record from the already-tracked Panther Creek plant / crypto-mining operation at the same site, following the same convention as the split Homer City generation and campus records. Trade reports of a 350 MW firm power contract by 2028 (scalable toward 500 MW+) and of a special exception permit from the Nesquehoning Planning Commission were not confirmed in the sources cited here, so capacityMw and a 'permitted' status are omitted.",
    "landAcres": 103.95,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "parkway-gravel-st-georges-de",
    "name": "St. Georges Business Park & Lighthouse Farms",
    "operator": "Parkway Gravel Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5593065,
      "lon": -75.6542782,
      "city": "St. Georges",
      "county": "New Castle",
      "state": "DE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Revised site plan filed for St. Georges Business Park & Lighthouse Farms at 3.2 million sq ft (up from an original 2.5 million sq ft / three distribution buildings + 150 homes). The developer's engineering firm, Verdantas, told the county the zoning allows 'distribution centers, fulfillment centers, truck terminals, warehouses, and data centers' on the parcel.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spotlightdelaware.org/2025/12/16/two-new-castle-county-industrial-projects-may-become-data-centers/",
        "label": "Two New Castle County industrial projects may become data centers",
        "publisher": "Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spotlightdelaware.org/2026/03/11/after-months-of-debate-the-new-castle-county-council-agrees-to-regulate-the-data-center-industry/",
        "label": "After months of debate, New Castle County Council agrees to regulate the data center industry",
        "publisher": "Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/delaware-data-center-foia-reveals-hidden-energy-demands/",
        "label": "Newly public records reveal four pending Delaware data center projects",
        "publisher": "Technical.ly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Confidence is 'rumored' rather than 'reported' because sources disagree on whether the ultimate use will be a data center: county filings and press describe a mixed-use industrial park (distribution/fulfillment/warehouse) for which Delaware zoning also happens to permit data centers, and coverage attributes to the developer's engineering firm only that 'the developer may be planning to build a data center' — not a confirmed data-center project. A Delmarva Power internal project list obtained via FOIA (Technical.ly, sourceIndex 2) separately lists a 300 MW 'St. Georges/Frightland Area' project 'pending cluster study analysis'; this record treats it as the same site given the shared name/geography, though the FOIA-based list does not itself name Parkway Gravel Inc., so treat the capacityMw.planned=300 figure with that caveat. Square footage progression (2.5M sq ft → 3.2M sq ft) is not recorded in a dedicated field since it describes the broader mixed-use park, not a confirmed data-center footprint. Location precision is approximate: geocoded to the unincorporated place of St. Georges, DE (OSM); some press coverage instead characterizes the site as 'in Middletown' given proximity. The specific parcel south of the C&D Canal off US Route 13 did not resolve via geocoding.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The site includes land hosting Frightland, a well-known Delaware Halloween attraction, which would be demolished. The proposal has drawn resident backlash over energy-cost and environmental impact, which Spotlight Delaware cites as a driver of New Castle County's new data-center zoning ordinance (buffer/setback, noise, and cooling-water rules).",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "pathone-hull-ia",
    "name": "PathOne Sioux County Data Center (Hull)",
    "operator": "PathOne Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.1888,
      "lon": -96.1333,
      "city": "Hull",
      "county": "Sioux",
      "street": "3071 330th Street",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-12",
        "note": "Public meeting on PathOne's proposal; Sioux County's one-year moratorium on unincorporated-area data centers remains in effect and no county approval has been granted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2026/08/12/residents-seek-more-details-potential-sioux-county-data-center/",
        "label": "Residents seek more details on potential Sioux County data center",
        "publisher": "KTIV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Proposed redevelopment of the former Bison Renewable Energy property at 3071 330th Street near Hull, south of the Highway 18 and 75 intersection (Perkins Corner). Built in 10 MW blocks: an initial 10 MW facility in roughly 40,000 sq ft, with PathOne asking Sioux County to cap any project at the site at no more than 25 MW. A fully developed site would occupy fewer than 30 acres. Estimated investment is a range of $100 million to $375 million, so no single investmentUsd figure is recorded. No tenant has been identified. Permanent jobs are given as a 10-20 range and are therefore recorded in prose rather than as a jobs count.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "North West Rural Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling with recirculated water-and-glycol fluid rather than continuous consumption. PathOne estimates 350,000 to 700,000 gallons annually for a 10 MW facility and 875,000 to 1.7 million gallons per year at 25 MW. Residents pressed for enforceable commitments rather than estimates, and raised the impact on nearby wells."
    },
    "landAcres": 30,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Sioux County has a one-year moratorium on data centers in unincorporated areas, effective 2026-06-16, and no formal county approval has been granted. At a public meeting residents sought specific enforceable commitments rather than estimates, and raised water supply impact on nearby wells, low-frequency noise effects on people and livestock, construction duration and evening work schedules, and accountability under future ownership. PathOne says it will pay full property taxes without requesting abatement, and projects 10 to 20 permanent full-time positions plus temporary construction jobs.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "pathone-ida-county-galva-ia",
    "name": "PathOne Ida County Data Center (Galva site)",
    "operator": "PathOne Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5069289,
      "lon": -95.4172221,
      "city": "Galva",
      "county": "Ida County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "note": "PathOne presented early plans for a small-scale data center to the Ida County Board of Supervisors, naming two industrial-zoned candidate sites — the shuttered Quad County ethanol plant near Galva and a site near Arthur. No site has been selected and no application has been filed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2026/08/11/ida-county-data-center-proposal-path-one-presents-plans-urges-strong-county-rules/",
        "label": "Ida County data center proposal: Path One presents plans, urges strong county rules",
        "publisher": "KTIV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2026/08/25/arthur-residents-ask-questions-pathones-data-center-meeting/",
        "label": "Arthur residents question PathOne's data center plans",
        "publisher": "KTIV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/iowa-communities-grapple-with-regulating-data-centers-as-development-spreads/",
        "label": "Iowa communities grapple with regulating data centers as development spreads",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "PathOne described a 10-25 MW facility of about 40,000 sq ft on 5-25 acres costing $100-150 million; because those are ranges rather than single figures, capacityMw, landAcres and investmentUsd are deliberately left unset. This record is placed at the Galva option (the shuttered Quad County ethanol plant, which PathOne named specifically); the alternative site near Arthur is about 20 km south and no selection has been made. Distinct from the tracked PathOne Sioux County (Hull) site.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Company described a closed-loop water system using 350,000-700,000 gallons annually (35,000-70,000 gallons per MW per year), with water not returning to the local ecosystem."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Ida County enacted a data center moratorium effective June 30, 2026. Residents packed informational meetings in Ida Grove and Arthur in August 2026 with questions on noise, electricity use, fire suppression and property taxes; PathOne is forming a community advisory council and has urged the county to write strong rules first.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "patmos-fairfield-al",
    "name": "Patmos Fairfield Colocation Data Center",
    "operator": "Patmos",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4916836,
      "lon": -86.9150283,
      "city": "Fairfield",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/08/13/hundreds-pack-fairfield-town-hall-over-proposed-data-center-inside-former-walmart/",
        "label": "Hundreds pack Fairfield town hall over proposed data center inside former Walmart (13 Aug 2026)",
        "publisher": "WBRC FOX6 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Fairfield%2C+Jefferson+County%2C+Alabama&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of Fairfield, Jefferson County, Alabama (municipal centroid)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Retrofit of a former Walmart Supercenter in Fairfield into a colocation data center. WBRC states: \"Patmos would bring around 50 long-term jobs, plus roughly 120 construction workers during the build\" and \"If approved, construction could start in September, with the first phase completed by January or February 2027 and a larger expansion planned for 2028.\" CAPACITY AND INVESTMENT DELIBERATELY OMITTED — WBRC explicitly does not disclose either; an aggregator (servercountry.org) lists a \"Fairfield Colocation Data Center\" at 45 MW, which is NOT verified here and not cited. COORDINATES ARE THE FAIRFIELD MUNICIPAL CENTROID, not the building: the source identifies the site only as \"the former Walmart Supercenter\", no street address, and an Overpass query over the Fairfield bounding box returned no Walmart-named or former-retail building in OSM. Tighten this before mapping. STATUS is \"proposed\" — construction was conditional on approval as of 13 Aug 2026; if the September 2026 groundbreaking happened, this should move to under_construction, which is worth re-checking since that date has now passed. This is a genuinely distinct site from qts-marvel-bessemer-al (different operator, different city) though both sit in the same Birmingham-west corridor.",
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 120,
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "WBRC (13 Aug 2026) reports \"Hundreds pack Fairfield town hall over proposed data center inside former Walmart\", with residents raising health risks, rising utility bills and community benefit. Patmos's founder answered noise concerns by saying \"you'll hear the equivalent of a weed wacker\" when generators run and that operations would be \"quieter than the Walmart\"; Patmos said \"the only environmental impact is water use.\" Resident Bessie Bell questioned whether the project would help Fairfield's development. Mayor Herman Carnes said the city has \"not seen major economic development in roughly 15 years\" and promised transparency. NOTE the city council had already passed a temporary data center ban, from which this project was exempt — recorded as `contested` rather than `opposed` because the friction is documented and organized in public meetings but no vote against this project is reported.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "patmos-kansas-city-mo",
    "name": "Patmos KC Star Building Campus",
    "operator": "Patmos Hosting",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0997,
      "lon": -94.5786,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Jackson",
      "street": "1601 McGee St",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 35
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Patmos Hosting redeveloping the former Kansas City Star building into a ~35 MW, ~$1B data center",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-24",
        "note": "Local TV coverage from 2026-01-12 reports Patmos 'has customers with equipment online' at the running Kansas City Star building data center, indicating a genuine transition from under_construction to operational even as the broader retrofit continues in phases.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/latest-list-new-ai-proposed-upcoming-data-center-projects-missouri-usa",
        "label": "List of upcoming data center projects in Missouri",
        "publisher": "Blackridge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rebusinessonline.com/patmos-receives-100m-c-pace-loan-for-redevelopment-of-kansas-city-star-building-into-data-center/",
        "label": "Patmos Receives $100M C-PACE Loan for Redevelopment of Kansas City Star Building into Data Center",
        "publisher": "REBusinessOnline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kctv5.com/2026/01/12/company-transforming-downtown-kansas-city-landmark-announces-expansion/",
        "label": "Former Kansas City Star building houses data company Patmos",
        "publisher": "KCTV5",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "~$1B redevelopment of the former Kansas City Star building into a ~35 MW data center, Jackson County. Distinct (downtown KC, Jackson County) from the Lambda/Google/Meta Kansas City sites. Single-tracker source → confidence reported. Coordinates are the Kansas City centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "landAcres": 5,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "pch-wi-holdings-wisconsin-rapids-wood-county-wi",
    "name": "Wisconsin Rapids Data Center",
    "operator": "PCH WI Holdings LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.39,
      "lon": -89.82,
      "city": "Wisconsin Rapids",
      "county": "Wood",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wausaupilotandreview.com/2026/05/17/who-is-the-developer-of-the-proposed-wisconsin-rapids-data-center/",
        "label": "Who is the developer of the proposed Wisconsin Rapids data center?",
        "publisher": "Wausau Pilot & Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-09",
    "notes": "950 Fourth Ave N, former paper mill site. Developer reportedly affiliated with PNK Group USA. Conditional use permit application filed with the city April 30, 2026. Scale/investment not yet disclosed. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "landAcres": 209,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "peace-communications-cha1-chattanooga-tn",
    "name": "Peace Communications CHA1 (Chattanooga)",
    "operator": "Peace Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.03746,
      "lon": -85.293181,
      "city": "Chattanooga",
      "county": "Hamilton",
      "street": "1100 E 11th Street",
      "postalCode": "37403",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Carrier-neutral Chattanooga colocation facility listed as active in PeeringDB.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=14177",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 14177 — Peace Communications CHA1, 1100 E 11th Street, Chattanooga",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Single-source record. Checked against the tracked DC BLOX Chattanooga site at 807 E 16th Street (35.0316, -85.2973) — a different building roughly 0.7 km away with a different operator.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "peace-communications-knx1-knoxville-tn",
    "name": "Peace Communications KNX1 (Knoxville)",
    "operator": "Peace Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.965586,
      "lon": -83.921438,
      "city": "Knoxville",
      "county": "Knox",
      "street": "500 W. Summit Hill Drive",
      "postalCode": "37902",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Carrier-neutral Knoxville colocation facility listed as active in PeeringDB; formerly known as Digital Crossing and operated by The Nexus Group before the Peace Communications rebrand.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=234",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 234 — Peace Communications KNX1 (formerly Nexus Group / Digital Crossing), 500 W. Summit Hill, Knoxville",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Single-source record. The operator name is the one PeeringDB currently carries; the '10 MW' figure circulating on aggregator pages was not confirmed on any page retrieved and is therefore not recorded.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "peak-mining-texas-1-corpus-christi-tx",
    "name": "Peak Mining Texas 1 (Saxet Energy Park)",
    "operator": "Peak Mining",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.8487,
      "lon": -97.4263,
      "city": "Corpus Christi",
      "county": "Nueces",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300,
      "operational": 100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-12-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/peak-mining-a-northern-data-group-company-announces-purchase-of-300mw-mining-data-center-site-302011494.html",
        "label": "Peak Mining announces purchase of 300MW mining data center site",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Northern Data Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Print/TABS2023019972",
        "label": "Saxet Energy Park - Data Center Bldg C permit record (1102 McKinzie Rd, Corpus Christi, TX 78410, Nueces County)",
        "publisher": "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.texasobserver.org/corpus-christi-cryptomine-water-usage-secret/",
        "label": "A Corpus Christi Cryptomine Guzzled over 11 Million Gallons. Now, Its Water Usage Is Being Kept Secret.",
        "publisher": "Texas Observer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://northerndata.de/en/investor-relations/news/northern-data-announces-expiry-of-option-to-sell-corpus-christi-site-to-global-infrastructure-asset-management-firm",
        "label": "Northern Data Announces Expiry of Option to Sell Corpus Christi Site",
        "publisher": "Northern Data AG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Original 33-acre, 300MW site (Saxet Energy Park / 'Data Center Bldg C'), permitted address 1102 McKinzie Rd, Corpus Christi TX 78410 (Nueces County, TDLR permit TABS2023019972). Developed by Bootstrap Energy, acquired by Peak Mining (then a Northern Data Group subsidiary) Dec 2023; ramped to ~100MW mining capacity in Q1 2024 against a 300MW ERCOT Load Zone South interconnect. Confirmed still actively mining as of a June 2026 Texas Observer water-usage investigation. Northern Data AG fully divested Peak Mining LLC in Nov 2025 to Tether-linked buyers; operator recorded as 'Peak Mining' (current, standalone).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "peak-mining-texas-2-corpus-christi-tx",
    "name": "Peak Mining Texas 2",
    "operator": "Peak Mining",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.852,
      "lon": -97.421,
      "city": "Corpus Christi",
      "county": "Nueces",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-05-24",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/northern-data-groups-peak-mining-announces-purchase-of-a-second-300mw-data-center-location-in-corpus-christi-texas-302155098.html",
        "label": "Peak Mining purchases a second 300MW data center location in Corpus Christi, Texas",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Northern Data Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/383439/tether-backed-northern-data-sold-bitcoin-mining-arm-to-companies-run-by-tethers-own-executives-ft",
        "label": "Tether-backed Northern Data sold bitcoin mining arm to companies run by Tether's own executives",
        "publisher": "The Block",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://northerndata.de/en/investor-relations/news/northern-data-announces-expiry-of-option-to-sell-corpus-christi-site-to-global-infrastructure-asset-management-firm",
        "label": "Northern Data Announces Expiry of Option to Sell Corpus Christi Site (600MW available, 100MW used for mining)",
        "publisher": "Northern Data AG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Second 300MW parcel, adjacent to Texas 1, purchased May 2024 with its own ERCOT interconnect. Lowered to 'reported'/under_construction: Northern Data's Jan 2026 disclosure states the combined Corpus Christi campus has 600MW of available grid capacity but only 100MW is actually used for Bitcoin mining (matching Texas 1), implying Texas 2 is not yet in active mining use; a June 2026 Texas Observer piece describes the project as 'scaled to one facility.' Same ownership-change caveat as Texas 1. Coordinates are an approximate adjacent-parcel estimate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pennhurst-data-center-east-vincent-chester-county-pa",
    "name": "Pennhurst Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Penn Hurst Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.193717,
      "lon": -75.560162,
      "city": "Spring City",
      "county": "Chester",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Revised plan for a five-building, ~1.9M sq ft data center campus with a 550 MW gas plant on the former Pennhurst State Hospital site; rejected by township and now under court appeal.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://philadelphia.today/2026/03/pennhurst-data-center-plan/",
        "label": "Pennhurst Data Center Developers Add 600,000 Square Feet, Gas Plant in Last-Minute Revision",
        "publisher": "PHILADELPHIA.Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vista.today/2026/05/east-vincent-pennhurst-data-center-rejected/",
        "label": "East Vincent Says No to Pennhurst Data Center, But the Fight May Not Be Over",
        "publisher": "VISTA.Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://philadelphia.today/2026/07/pennhurst-data-center-appeal-east-vincent/",
        "label": "Penn Hurst Holdings Takes Data Center Fight to Chester County Court",
        "publisher": "PHILADELPHIA.Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "~1.9 million sq ft data center campus (five two-story buildings) on ~125 acres of the historic former Pennhurst State Hospital site in East Vincent Township, with a five-acre substation and an on-site 550 MW gas plant. Township denied conditional use; developer appealing in Chester County court.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "PECO",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 550,
      "notes": "Proposal includes an on-site 550 MW natural gas-fired power plant plus 160 backup generators."
    },
    "landAcres": 125,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "East Vincent Township supervisors unanimously rejected the conditional-use application on 2026-05-21; developer appealed on 2026-06-26 to the Chester County Court of Common Pleas.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "penzance-1500-gateway-fredericksburg-va",
    "name": "1500 Gateway Data Center (denied)",
    "operator": "1500 Gateway LLC (Penzance)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.301,
      "lon": -77.509,
      "city": "Fredericksburg",
      "street": "1500 Gateway Boulevard",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Fredericksburg City Council voted 7–0 early on August 26, 2026 to deny the rezoning and 7–0 to deny the special use permit. The land stays Planned Development–Medical Center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/08/26/no-byte-tonight-fred-council-unplugs-23m-i-95-data-center-7-0-after-midnight-hearing/",
        "label": "No Byte Tonight: Fred Council Unplugs $23M I-95 Data Center 7–0 After Midnight Hearing",
        "publisher": "Potomac Local News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Roughly 83–84 acres assembled from 2401 Plank Road, 2303 Plank Road, 1109 Mahone Street and 1500 Gateway Boulevard, off Route 3 near I-95 in the independent city of Fredericksburg. The applicant projected about $63 million in cash plus infrastructure and $23.4 million in stabilized annual tax revenue — projections rather than a disclosed capex, so investmentUsd is omitted. No MW figure was published. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the cited street address.",
    "landAcres": 83,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Fredericksburg City Council voted 7–0 to deny the rezoning and 7–0 again to deny the special use permit after a public hearing that ran past midnight.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "penzance-bedington-berkeley-county-wv",
    "name": "Bedington Campus",
    "operator": "Penzance Management",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.554,
      "lon": -77.882,
      "county": "Berkeley",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Announced February 26, 2026 by Governor Morrisey; designated West Virginia's first High Impact Intelligence Center (enabling bypass of certain local zoning constraints); site preparation underway as of March 2026. No state funding involved.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governor.wv.gov/article/governor-morrisey-announces-4-billion-private-investment-west-virginias-first-high-impact",
        "label": "Governor Morrisey Announces $4 Billion Private Investment in WV's First High Impact Intelligence Center",
        "publisher": "WV Office of the Governor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/02/26/d-c-based-real-estate-firm-investing-4b-for-new-data-center-development-in-berkeley-county-wv/",
        "label": "D.C.-based real estate firm investing $4B for new data center development in Berkeley County, WV",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/penzance-targets-600mw-data-center-campus-in-west-virginia/",
        "label": "Penzance targets 600MW data center campus in West Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/03/23/public-speaks-out-on-data-center-planned-for-falling-waters-area/",
        "label": "WV MetroNews — Public speaks out on data center planned for Falling Waters area",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://westvirginia.gov/4-billion-data-center-campus-planned-for-berkeley-county-positioning-west-virginia-for-the-ai-and-cloud-economy/",
        "label": "$4 Billion Data Center Campus Planned for Berkeley County — \"up to 600 megawatts of critical IT capacity\"",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Division of Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Falling Waters District, Berkeley County WV eastern panhandle — adjacent to Maryland border. 1.9 million sq ft at full buildout. Penzance (DC/NoVA developer) is also developing a Fairfax County VA campus reportedly pre-leased to Amazon. Coordinates approximate for Falling Waters area. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status unchanged (proposed). Most recent coverage found (wvgazettemail article, published 2026-02-28, updated 2026-09-04) reports no groundbreaking, permit, or construction start yet; a tenant announcement was still described as pending later in 2026. address remains unresolved: checked governor.wv.gov, WV Division of Economic Development, SEDC, and county/trade press coverage — all describe only '548 acres in the Falling Waters District of Berkeley County' with no house number or parcel ID; Berkeley County GIS/assessor records were not reachable this session, so location.street is left unfilled rather than approximated. CONFIRMED ABSENCE (2026-09-10): the Governor's office states explicitly that no state funding was used for Bedington Campus. HB 2014's revenue-sharing formula (50% Personal Income Tax Reduction Fund / 30% host county / 10% all counties per capita / 5% Electric Grid Stabilization and Security Fund / 5% Economic Enhancement Grant Program) is a distribution of the taxes the facility itself will generate, not an incentive granted to the facility, so it is not recorded as a subsidy. No county-level PILOT or abatement agreement was found in sources checked this session (governor.wv.gov, WV DED, SEDC).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "Governor described project as 'likely' grid-connected via existing electric utilities"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Reclaimed water systems for cooling to reduce dependence on potable water"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 548,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 125,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "300+ residents packed a Spring Mills High School town hall (March 2026) over water, flooding, eminent-domain, and loss-of-local-zoning-control (HB 2014) concerns, backed by an organized 'No Data Centers in the Eastern Panhandle' Facebook group; no vote has been held yet.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "penzance-chantilly-premier-fairfax-va",
    "name": "Chantilly Premier",
    "operator": "Penzance",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.8943,
      "lon": -77.4311,
      "city": "Chantilly",
      "county": "Fairfax",
      "street": "4151 Auto Park Circle",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-09",
        "note": "Penzance broke ground on the three-story, roughly 236,000 sq ft facility after securing more than $100 million in construction financing from QuadReal Property Group; delivery targeted for the first half of 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ffxnow.com/2025/10/10/developer-breaks-ground-on-100m-data-center-building-in-chantilly/",
        "label": "Developer breaks ground on $100M data center building in Chantilly",
        "publisher": "FFXnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Roughly 12-acre site adjacent to Chantilly Auto Park south of Route 50. The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 8-1 in January 2024 over neighbour objections about height, traffic and environmental impacts; the approval permitted either a 150,000 sq ft warehouse or a data center up to 402,000 sq ft, and the building under construction is 236,000 sq ft. Reported as fully preleased, tenant undisclosed.",
    "landAcres": 12,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "percheron-data-center-or",
    "name": "Percheron Data Center",
    "operator": "Rowan Green Data (DBA Rowan Digital Infrastructure)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.7113177,
      "lon": -119.8262349,
      "city": "Boardman area (Tower Road)",
      "county": "Morrow",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/rowan-percheron",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile: Rowan Percheron Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1501824326",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1501824326",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rowan.digital/portfolio/percheron/",
        "label": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure — Percheron: 300 MW, 275 acres",
        "publisher": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure (formerly Rowan Green Data, a Quinbrook/Birch Infrastructure JV) is developing a single unified campus on a 275-acre parcel in Morrow County, OR: four buildings totaling 1.125M sq ft, 300MW planned capacity by mid-2027. County approved rezoning Sept 2023 (East Oregonian, DCD). This is the canonical record for the campus; osm_ids 1501824327/328/329 are near-identical coordinates (within ~0.2km) almost certainly representing OSM nodes for the same single campus/buildings and are dropped as duplicates. Capacity re-sourced 2026-08-08: Rowan's own portfolio page states \"300 MW\" on \"275AC\" with phased buildout completing by 2030. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked baxtel.com's project page (2026-09-10). Important correction: a Gov. Tina Kotek data-center land-sale cancellation reported elsewhere concerns a DIFFERENT project near Salem, OR (developer Verrus) -- NOT Percheron/Morrow County -- and must not be attributed to this record. No community reaction, hearing, or official statement specific to Percheron/Boardman was found; the page states only that the project is under construction with planned 2027 completion.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PacifiCorp"
    },
    "landAcres": 275,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "perry-nuclear-lake-county-oh",
    "name": "Perry Nuclear Power Plant",
    "operator": "Vistra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.80083,
      "lon": -81.14333,
      "city": "North Perry",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1481,
      "operational": 1268
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01-09",
        "note": "Vistra and Meta announced a 20-year PPA; Meta contracts the plant's full 1,268 MW existing output plus a 213 MW share of a planned uprate (1,481 MW total), per Vistra's SEC Form 8-K — the largest per-plant allocation in the deal.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vistra-and-meta-announce-agreements-to-support-nuclear-plants-in-pjm-and-add-new-nuclear-generation-to-the-grid-302656941.html",
        "label": "Vistra and Meta Announce Agreements to Support Nuclear Plants in PJM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Vistra Corp.)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/nuclear/vistra-and-meta-ink-ppa-for-2-6-gw-of-nuclear-power-in-pjm-region/",
        "label": "Vistra and Meta ink PPA for 2.6 GW of nuclear power in PJM region",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stocktitan.net/news/VST/vistra-and-meta-announce-agreements-to-support-nuclear-plants-in-pjm-zul6gbxgqjn9.html",
        "label": "Vistra, Meta sign 20-year deal for 2,609 MW nuclear power (reproduces SEC Form 8-K per-plant MW)",
        "publisher": "StockTitan (SEC Form 8-K mirror)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/article-7668/the-metavistra-deal-a-closer-look/",
        "label": "The Meta-Vistra deal: A closer look",
        "publisher": "ANS / Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "Single-unit BWR near North Perry, OH, ~1,268 MW, placed under a 20-year Meta PPA announced Jan 2026 — the largest of three Vistra nuclear plants (2,609 MW total) matched to Meta's PJM-region data-center load. Grid-delivered; Meta also funds a 213 MW uprate share.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Single-unit ~1,268 MWe net BWR-6 (commercial operation 1987), delivering into the PJM grid. Meta contracts 1,268 MW of existing output plus a 213 MW uprate share under a 20-year PPA."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Part of the Jan 2026 Vistra-Meta 20-year PPA package (2,609 MW across three Vistra nuclear plants) — Perry is the single largest allocation (1,268 MW existing + 213 MW uprate). Grid-matched: power continues to the PJM grid rather than a dedicated campus feed, so no poweredFacilityIds. Operated by Vistra since the 2024 Energy Harbor acquisition; NRC license renewed to 2046."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "peterson-project-sisson-stafford-va",
    "name": "Project Sisson",
    "operator": "Peterson Companies",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.287,
      "lon": -77.39,
      "county": "Stafford",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-27",
        "note": "Peterson-linked affiliate Real Estate Pursuits 2 LC has filed a federal wetlands permit application with the Norfolk District of the US Army Corps of Engineers; the development would impact roughly four acres of wetlands or open water.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/peterson-project-sisson",
        "label": "Peterson: Project Sisson Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "16 two-story data center buildings totalling 3.8 million sq ft plus four substations, off Kings Highway around Albion Lane on the banks of the Rappahannock River in Stafford County. Distinct from the two Stafford records already tracked: the STACK Stafford Technology Campus (the former Peterson site near Stafford Regional Airport, sold to STACK for $302.3M) and Vantage VA4. No MW figure has been published. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the described Kings Highway / Albion Lane area.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Cooling water for the campus is planned to come from the Little Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant, less than two miles from the development."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "philcade-data-center-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "Philcade Data Center",
    "operator": "Kanbar Properties",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1516,
      "lon": -95.9903,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "501 S Boston Ave",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational downtown Tulsa data center in the Philcade Building.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — Philcade Data Center, 501 S Boston Ave",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Downtown Tulsa data center in the Philcade Building at 501 South Boston Avenue, operated by the building owner. Single-sourced. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "phoenixnap-phx02-phoenix-az",
    "name": "phoenixNAP PHX02",
    "operator": "phoenixNAP",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4165398,
      "lon": -112.0116833,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "3221 E Elwood St",
      "postalCode": "85034",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "AZBEX reports the company hopes to have first-floor construction finished by Q4 2026; preliminary plan review was filed May 2024 and a zoning-adjustment time extension was granted 27 March 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/new-data-center-planned-in-south-phoenix/",
        "label": "New Data Center Planned in South Phoenix",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Second phoenixNAP data center, on a 6.54-acre parcel at 3221 E. Elwood St., across the street from the operator's 2010 facility. AZBEX reports 530,000 sq ft, roughly 15,000 racks at about 44 kW density, and initial capacity of 30 MW with potential to increase to 50 MW. Coordinates are geocoded from the cited street address (Nominatim and US Census geocoder agree to ~10 m); they are not parcel-confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "AZBEX reports power for the building is to be supplied by Bloom Energy."
    },
    "landAcres": 6.54,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "pittock-block-portland-or",
    "name": "Pittock Block (PTOR1)",
    "operator": "1547 Critical Systems Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5215436,
      "lon": -122.680704,
      "city": "Portland",
      "county": "Multnomah",
      "street": "921 SW Washington Street",
      "postalCode": "97205",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://1547realty.com/data-centers/portland/",
        "label": "1547 Critical Systems Realty — Portland (Pittock Block / PTOR1): 302,262 sq ft, 8 MW",
        "publisher": "1547 Critical Systems Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Carrier hotel in downtown Portland: 302,262 sq ft, 8 MW capacity, five on-site generators providing 7 MW of backup, 16 fiber carriers, 170+ service providers, seven subsea cable landings and an AWS Direct Connect location. Home of the Pittock Internet Exchange (NWAX).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "plainsmen-project-thunderbird-enid-ok",
    "name": "Project Thunderbird (Enid)",
    "operator": "Plainsmen Holdings, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3967623,
      "lon": -97.8791341,
      "city": "Enid",
      "county": "Garfield",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-09-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-08",
        "note": "Unveiled publicly by Plainsmen Holdings; no city approvals, formal agreements or MOUs signed. Final approval would rest with the Enid City Commission.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.enidnews.com/news/local_news/enid-natives-announce-local-data-center-power-generation-project/article_0465bc43-e183-4d3a-b602-9afd55ff300e.html",
        "label": "UPDATED: Enid natives announce local data center, power generation project",
        "publisher": "Enid News & Eagle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://okenergytoday.com/2026/09/massive-data-center-campus-unveiled-for-enid/",
        "label": "Massive data center campus unveiled for Enid",
        "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Four proposed campuses along a single corridor in Enid and Garfield County (sites north, east, west-central and south of Enid; Enid News & Eagle names 22nd and Phillips, 5th and Rupe, and South 5th south of Rupe). Acreage is reported as 1,735 by Oklahoma Energy Today and ~1,655 by the Enid News & Eagle — the larger figure is recorded here and the discrepancy is unresolved. Coordinates are the city of Enid: this is a four-campus proposal with no single footprint. The $35 billion investment figure appears only in secondary coverage and is omitted here. Briefed to Vance Air Force Base and the Department of the Air Force, but nothing has been signed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 3300,
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter natural-gas-fired generation of up to 3.3 GW, developed in partnership with a midstream energy provider, enabled by Oklahoma's 2025 behind-the-meter law (SB 480). The developers also describe the plant as a backup supply to Vance Air Force Base. Generation capacity is the developers' stated figure, not a permitted or interconnected number."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developers state the campuses would use raw (untreated) pipeline water from the new Kaw Lake pipeline — the lake sits about 8 miles east of Ponca City — with closed-loop recirculating cooling rather than treated drinking water."
    },
    "landAcres": 1735,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "plan-c-crypto-fayetteville-cumberland-county-nc",
    "name": "Plan C Crypto Fayetteville (Dedication Drive)",
    "operator": "Plan C Crypto",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.085,
      "lon": -78.97722,
      "city": "Fayetteville",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "street": "223 Dedication Drive",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-08-01",
        "note": "Operations began Aug. 1, 2022 in a renovated warehouse; grand opening Sept. 10, 2022.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bizfayetteville.com/technology/2022/9/13/plan-c-crypto-thrives-during-first-month-in-fayetteville-ceo-looks-forward-to-continued-growth-in-the-community/1192",
        "label": "Plan C Crypto thrives during first month in Fayetteville",
        "publisher": "Greater Fayetteville Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fcedc.com/fayetteville-welcomes-new-data-mining-operation-first-of-its-kind-for-cumberland-county/",
        "label": "Fayetteville Welcomes New Data Mining Operation, First of Its Kind for Cumberland County",
        "publisher": "Fayetteville Cumberland Economic Development Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "California-based operator; described at launch as its fourth North Carolina mining facility and as using demand-response proof-of-work mining served by Fayetteville PWC. The company said in 2022 it planned to rebrand as 'Planned Capacity' and relocate its corporate headquarters to Fayetteville; current ownership and branding were not re-verified this session. No megawatt figure was published in the sources read.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Fayetteville Public Works Commission"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 19,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "platte-wind-keith-ne",
    "name": "Platte Wind",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1248328,
      "lon": -101.7189583,
      "city": "Ogallala",
      "county": "Keith",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "NextEra Energy Resources' project page describes the project as proposed and scheduled to begin operations by June 2028, subject to local and state approvals; Nebraska DWEE lists it as under development with the same June 2028 target.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/platte-wind/project-overview.html",
        "label": "Platte Wind — project overview",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Up to 250 GE turbines totalling approximately 800 MW across Keith, Garden and Deuel counties; up to 300 construction jobs; approximately $98.5 million in additional county revenue and approximately $180 million in payments to Deuel County landowners, both estimated over the first 30 years (developer figures, subject to change). Would be Nebraska's largest wind project by a wide margin. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: the project spans three counties and has no single published site point, so the pin is the Keith County seat (Ogallala), geocoded via OpenStreetMap/Nominatim — it is an index point, not a surveyed footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "platteview-solar-saunders-ne",
    "name": "Platteview Solar",
    "operator": "AES Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.228,
      "lon": -96.3936,
      "city": "Yutan",
      "county": "Saunders",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 81
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-07-11",
        "note": "Ribbon cutting for the completed 81 MW array.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://oppdthewire.com/oppds-first-utility-scale-solar-project-platteview-solar-is-a-major-milestone/",
        "label": "Launching OPPD's first utility-scale solar project",
        "publisher": "OPPD - The Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 57000000,
    "landAcres": 500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Omaha Public Power District",
      "notes": "Spread across roughly 500 acres of privately owned land near Yutan in Saunders County. \"OPPD has a power purchase agreement with the facility's developer and owner/operator, the AES Corporation.\" Described as OPPD's first utility-scale solar project and the largest in Nebraska to date."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pleasants-power-station-willow-island-wv",
    "name": "Pleasants Power Station",
    "operator": "Omnis Pleasants LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.367358,
      "lon": -81.295733,
      "city": "Willow Island",
      "county": "Pleasants",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1278
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-05",
        "note": "Plant continues operating with 136 employees during the Omnis Pleasants Chapter 11 reorganization.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/omnis-pleasants-reports-600-creditors-70-in-wv-amid-uncertain-coal-plant-future/article_5b21adc9-1c75-433a-be51-5ed26f74a819.html",
        "label": "Pleasants Power Station's Omnis firm reports 600+ creditors amid uncertain coal plant future",
        "publisher": "The Herald-Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Pleasants_power_station",
        "label": "Pleasants power station — Global Energy Monitor (coordinates, units, ownership, status)",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1854368/000121390026022001/ea027911101ex99-1.htm",
        "label": "Digi Power X Inc. Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 — describes Pleasants Power Station as a 1.3 GW facility subject to an LOI",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Included as a dedicated-power record because of the January 2026 Digi Power X letter of intent to site AI/HPC infrastructure at the plant; the offtake is not contracted. Ownership caution: Omnis acquired the station from FirstEnergy-affiliated owners in 2023, so older sources are authoritative about who BUILT it, not who runs it now.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Two supercritical bituminous-coal units (1979 and 1980). Global Energy Monitor lists 684 MW per unit (1,368 MW nameplate); the Herald-Dispatch cites the plant as 1,278 MW, the figure recorded here."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "offtaker": "Digi Power X Inc. (non-binding letter of intent only)",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Coal-fired station acquired by Omnis in July 2023 and marketed for conversion to hydrogen/graphite production, which never happened. Omnis Pleasants LLC filed Chapter 11 on 2026-07-27 with more than $70 million of debt, including $50.9 million owed to the West Virginia Economic Development Authority and $20 million to modular-data-center builder Bilt Technology LLC. The plant employs 136 people and continues to operate while a going-concern sale is pursued. Its compute linkage is the January 2026 Digi Power X LOI for up to 1.3 GW of load study and up to 200 leased acres — an intent, not a contracted offtake."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "plum-creek-wind-wayne-ne",
    "name": "Plum Creek Wind Farm",
    "operator": "Ørsted",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1441,
      "lon": -97.1375,
      "county": "Wayne",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 230
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Commissioned 2020 per Global Energy Monitor; Nebraska DWEE also lists a 2020 online date at 230 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Plum_Creek_(%C3%98rsted)_wind_farm",
        "label": "Plum Creek (Ørsted) wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Both sources give 230 MW in Wayne County. Distinct from the Haystack Wind Project, also Ørsted-owned and also in Wayne County — GEM carries separate coordinates, capacity and commissioning year for each.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pnnl-ai-data-center-richland-wa",
    "name": "PNNL AI Data Center",
    "operator": "Battelle Memorial Institute (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.348,
      "lon": -119.279,
      "city": "Richland",
      "county": "Benton",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-26",
        "note": "PNNL confirmed it is 'considering the possibility of a small data center due to increased focus on AI at PNNL'; the RFI response window had closed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/apr/26/ai-data-center-with-a-different-mission-being-cons/",
        "label": "AI data center with a different mission being considered in Tri-Cities",
        "publisher": "The Spokesman-Review",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/pnnl-data-centers",
        "label": "DOE eyes PNNL to 'power the AI revolution'",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/know-4-major-data-center-120000272.html",
        "label": "What to know about 4 major data center proposals for Tri-Cities area",
        "publisher": "Tri-City Herald (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Battelle, which operates PNNL for the Department of Energy, issued a request for information for an on-premises next-generation AI compute data center to train and operationalize large language models for scientific and national government missions. Roughly 2 MW at a possible 2028 launch, with potential future expansion to about 40 MW. This would be DOE-funded and DOE-operated, not a private operator building on federal land. No construction decision has been made — this is an RFI-stage proposal only. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the PNNL campus in Richland. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked The Spokesman-Review's coverage (2026-09-10) of this DOE Genesis Mission-linked project; it covers technical specs and funding, with no resident, community-group, or elected-official reaction documented.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "The request for information sought vendor input on on-site power options if utility distribution is limited, containerized or modular structures, power purchase agreements, solar and nuclear supply, and heat reuse for industrial processes."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "point-beach-nuclear-plant-two-rivers-wi",
    "name": "Point Beach Nuclear Plant",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.28111,
      "lon": -87.53667,
      "city": "Two Rivers",
      "county": "Manitowoc",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1182
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "1970-12-21",
        "note": "Unit 1 entered commercial operation December 21, 1970; Unit 2 on October 1, 1972.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/energy/we-energies-buy-power-from-point-beach-nuclear-plant",
        "label": "We Energies plans to buy power from Point Beach Nuclear Plant into the 2050s",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/what-we-do/nuclear/point-beach.html",
        "label": "NextEra Energy Resources — Point Beach (site acreage, operating since 1970, one-sixth of Wisconsin's power)",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Beach_Nuclear_Plant",
        "label": "Point Beach Nuclear Plant — coordinates, 1,182 MW net across two 625 MW Westinghouse PWRs, commercial operation and license dates",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Wisconsin's only operating nuclear station, and directly relevant to this tracker's scope: the August 2026 We Energies PPA for 86% of its output to 2050/2053 was justified on hyperscale data center load growth. Compute Atlas already tracks the proposed NEW nuclear project at the retired Kewaunee Power Station about 12 miles north (energysolutions-kewaunee-new-nuclear-wi); this is a separate, operating plant in Manitowoc County, not a duplicate of that record. Sited in the Town of Two Creeks; \"Two Rivers\" is the locality both NextEra and WPR use.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Two Westinghouse two-loop pressurized water reactors of 625 MW each (1,182 MW net combined). NextEra says the plant has \"safely operated since 1970\" and produces approximately one-sixth of all electric power in Wisconsin."
    },
    "landAcres": 1200,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Sited on approximately 1,200 acres in the Town of Two Creeks near Two Rivers, bordered by farms and Lake Michigan. Both units received subsequent license renewals on September 29, 2025, extending operation into the early 2050s (Unit 1 to 2050, Unit 2 to 2053). In August 2026 We Energies announced a power purchase agreement to buy 86% of both units' energy through 2050/2053, replacing an agreement expiring in 2030 and 2033; the utility tied the extension to state projections that Wisconsin electricity demand could rise more than 40% by 2032, driven by hyperscale data centers. The PPA requires PSC of Wisconsin approval, with a filing expected in fall 2026."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pointone-lower-moncure-road-lee-county-nc",
    "name": "PointOne Lower Moncure Road Data Center (Lee County)",
    "operator": "PointOne",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.48778,
      "lon": -79.17833,
      "city": "Sanford",
      "county": "Lee",
      "street": "4079 Lower Moncure Road",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 90
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-08",
        "note": "Permit application under preliminary review by the Sanford–Lee County Technical Review Committee.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://sandhills.news/2026/06/08/lee-county-pointone-data-center/",
        "label": "Lee County to review proposal for PointOne Data Center",
        "publisher": "Sandhills News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rantnc.com/2026/06/08/data-center-proposed-in-northern-lee-county/",
        "label": "Data center proposed in northern Lee County",
        "publisher": "The Rant (Sanford, NC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Applicant of record Jonathon Rhine; property owned by Cary-based Helix Ventures; the campus is reported to be operated by Dallas-headquartered CyrusOne. Phase 1 is roughly 56 acres and 300,000 sq ft of the 428.85-acre application, with a 90 MW IT load. About 150 residents spoke against it at a July 2026 county commissioners meeting. The $900M figure is the reported value of the Phase 1 building, not the whole 430-acre program.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Central Electric Membership Corporation",
      "notes": "Central Electric Membership Corporation issued a 'will serve' letter; the application does not include on-site power generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a one-time 250,000-gallon fill for a closed-loop system with no discharge, served by TriRiver Water; additional water for internal plumbing only."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 900000000,
    "landAcres": 428.85,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Sanford Area Growth Alliance (SAGA), a local economic-development group, publicly endorsed the project (2026-06-08) as 'responsible data center development' and said it worked with 'other community stakeholders' to address concerns in Lee County's development ordinances -- but the same statement acknowledges 'many have expressed concerns about the impact of data centers on local communities' without naming who or detailing the objections. Using 'mixed' per the contract's guidance for friction-with-no-stated-reason. No formal public hearing record found in this source.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "pointone-remington-technology-park-fauquier-va",
    "name": "Remington Technology Park",
    "operator": "PointOne Holdings Inc.",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.53,
      "lon": -77.8,
      "city": "Remington",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "proposed per Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "Remington Technology Park (PointOne Holdings, Canada) was originally rezoned/approved in 2018 and is the only Remington-area data center to have begun site work. On 2026-07-10 the Fauquier Board of Supervisors approved a rezoning for an on-site natural-gas fuel-cell power plant to serve the campus (needed due to Dominion energization-schedule changes; without it construction would slip toward 2030",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_18be50e8-49f6-11ef-95cf-3b45407fea55.html",
        "label": "Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow (sourced from Fauquier Co. planning staff)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/business/fauquier-board-of-supervisors-approves-private-power-plant-for-remington-technology-park-data-center/article_5991291e-ba38-4d44-9aef-acdabd1d3608.html",
        "label": "Fauquier Board of Supervisors approves private power plant for Remington Technology Park data center (July 10, 2026 vote, 3-1)",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquier.com/localnews/most-remington-data-center-projects-still-pending/article_1ac479e7-f4db-4446-840c-d633459584bf.html",
        "label": "Most Remington data center projects still pending (notes Remington Technology Park as the sole approved/under-construction exception)",
        "publisher": "Fauquier.com (Fauquier Times)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Strongest of the Fauquier speculative cluster: approved status (not merely filed/on-hold), specific street address given by the county database. Confidence set to 'confirmed' on that basis. Fauquier planning-database roundup; long-standing (2018-approved) Remington Technology Park — verify against any existing record before elevating.",
    "landAcres": 234,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Fauquier Planning Commission recommended DENIAL of the project's private power plant 3-2; at the July 10, 2026 Board of Supervisors hearing residents spoke against it and one supervisor cast the sole dissenting vote citing grid strain, but the Board approved it 3-1.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "polaris-technologies-muskogee-ok",
    "name": "Polaris Technologies Muskogee Bitcoin Mining Facility (\"Project Bifrost\")",
    "operator": "Polaris Technologies, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7479,
      "lon": -95.3697,
      "city": "Muskogee",
      "county": "Muskogee",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400,
      "operational": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://okcfox.com/news/local/oklahoma-bets-on-bitcoin-boom-muskogee-locals-worry-about-noise-from-crypto-mining-port-of-muskogee-bitcoin-bill-of-rights-ok-law-polaris-technologies-inc-brian-hill-oge-electricity-power-data-artifitial-intelligence-ai-stitt",
        "label": "Oklahoma bets on bitcoin boom, Muskogee locals worry about noise from crypto mining",
        "publisher": "OKC Fox 25",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/business/new-100-million-data-center-planned-for-port-muskogee/article_c0cba9e6-caa5-11ee-8752-c709fcc5109e.html",
        "label": "Polaris plans $100 million data center for Port Muskogee",
        "publisher": "Tulsa World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crypto-firm-polaris-technology-to-build-200mw-data-center-in-muskogee-oklahoma/",
        "label": "Crypto firm Polaris Technology to build 200MW data center in Muskogee, Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.muskogeeok.gov/news_detail_T2_R666.php",
        "label": "Polaris Technologies, Inc. invests $100M to establish Muskogee's first data center facility",
        "publisher": "City of Muskogee",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://streetlightnews.org/data-centers/",
        "label": "A Muskogee Bitcoin mining facility that received OSHA fines is part of the data center race in Oklahoma",
        "publisher": "Streetlight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/core-scientific-seeks-aquire-polaris-021700855.html",
        "label": "Core Scientific seeks to acquire Polaris Technologies as part of expansion",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theconstructionbroadsheet.com/polaris-building-m-oklahoma-data-center-p1700-174.htm",
        "label": "Polaris building $100M Oklahoma data center",
        "publisher": "The Construction Broadsheet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-06",
    "notes": "Bitcoin mining data center (\"Project Bifrost\") on a 42-acre site at Port Muskogee's John T. Griffin Industrial Park, south of Tulsa; ~$100M initial investment (Feb 2024 announcement), since doubled. Operational with ~40,000 miners across shipping containers at ~200MW drawn from OG&E, expanding toward 400MW / 400,000-home-equivalent load. OSHA cited the facility for 6 safety violations (~$68K initial penalty, late 2024: coolant on floors, work around energized circuits without PPE, untrained staff); Oklahoma DEQ found stormwater/sediment violations affecting Sam Creek. Polaris sued the City of Muskogee in 2025 over annexation and a proposed 3% utility franchise fee. Core Scientific has a PENDING (not yet closed) agreement to acquire Polaris Technologies, expected to close Q3 2026 as part of a much larger planned 1.5GW AI campus at the same industrial park — operator of record here remains Polaris Technologies pending that close.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oklahoma Gas & Electric (OG&E)",
      "notes": "Power supplied from a nearby OG&E substation reported to have about 1 GW of capacity."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Reported to use millions of gallons of municipal water per day."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 100000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pontoon-bridge-road-massena-ny",
    "name": "Pontoon Bridge Road Data Center (proposed)",
    "operator": "American Data Center Partners LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.9593245,
      "lon": -74.912909,
      "city": "Massena",
      "county": "St. Lawrence",
      "street": "466 Pontoon Bridge Road",
      "postalCode": "13662",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-17",
        "note": "Local reporting on the NYISO large-load requests around Massena listed a land purchase by American Data Centers Partners, LLC at 466 Pontoon Bridge Road among four data-center initiatives in the town.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://watertownpost.com/massena-faces-massive-data-center-power-requests-in-nyiso-queue/",
        "label": "Massena Faces Massive Data Center Power Requests in NYISO Queue",
        "publisher": "Watertown Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/new-york/2243/pontoon-bridge-road-data-center",
        "label": "Pontoon Bridge Road Data Center — planned, American Data Center Partners LLC, St. Lawrence County, New York",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=466+Pontoon+Bridge+Road%2C+Massena%2C+NY&format=json&limit=3&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 466 Pontoon Bridge Road, Town of Massena, NY 13662 (OSM way 8757750)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "One of four Massena-area data-center initiatives named in May 2026 local coverage of the NYISO large-load requests (alongside an NCCS expansion, a former-Sears conversion and a Petawatt Holdings substation). No megawatt figure is recorded here: a 250 MW interconnection request is attributed to this project by a third-party tracker whose capacity fields are behind a paywall and could not be read, and the news account's only stated figure — 1,935 MW as the largest pending request — is not attributed to any named project. Entity-name spelling varies between sources (\"American Data Center Partners LLC\" / \"American Data Centers Partners, LLC\"). Coordinates are a street-address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "poolside-project-horizon-pecos-county-tx",
    "name": "Poolside Project Horizon AI Campus",
    "operator": "Poolside AI",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.8938,
      "lon": -102.8796,
      "county": "Pecos",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://poolside.ai/blog/announcing-project-horizon",
        "label": "Poolside — Announcing Project Horizon: a 2 GW AI campus in Texas",
        "publisher": "Poolside",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ai-startup-poolside-teams-up-with-coreweave-on-2gw-data-center-in-texas/",
        "label": "AI startup Poolside teams up with CoreWeave on 2GW data center in Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/machine-learning/article/55326541/how-coreweave-and-poolside-are-teaming-up-in-west-texas-to-build-the-next-generation-of-ai-data-centers",
        "label": "How CoreWeave and Poolside Are Teaming Up in West Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/plans-unveiled-2-gw-artificial-intelligence-campus-west-texas",
        "label": "Plans Unveiled for 2 GW AI Campus in West Texas",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/2026/06/02/west-texas-data-center-project-addresses-activist-concerns-head-on/",
        "label": "West Texas Data Center Project Addresses Activist Concerns Head-On",
        "publisher": "Forbes",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://press.airstreet.com/p/poolside-launches-project-horizon-ai-compute",
        "label": "Compute, power, intelligence: Poolside goes full-stack with Project Horizon",
        "publisher": "Poolside AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "2 GW AI training campus on a 568-acre parcel of the Mitchell family's Longfellow Ranch in Pecos County, near Fort Stockton. Coordinate anchored on Fort Stockton (nearest named town in coverage); exact parcel not publicly disclosed. CoreWeave was original anchor tenant (15-year, 250 MW lease, 40,000 Nvidia GB300 GPUs) but terminated the lease in late March 2026 after Poolside's Series C funding round failed to close; site reported idle as of mid-2026. Not a community finding, but material and worth flagging for maintainer review: CoreWeave (the announced anchor tenant) mutually terminated its agreement for Project Horizon around April 2026 after Poolside failed to stand up its first GPU cluster on schedule, and Poolside's associated ~$2B Nvidia-led funding round also fell through. As of late July 2026 Poolside was seeking a replacement partner (reportedly including Google) for up to 400MW, with no anchor tenant signed as of that reporting. The record's status ('proposed') isn't necessarily wrong, but the originally announced 2GW/CoreWeave deal that justified the record no longer stands as described. The dispatching brief for this run scoped only 'community' fields -- flagging this rather than silently omitting it, since fields.community does not fit this fact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 2000,
      "notes": "Designed in eight 250-MW phases powered primarily by on-site aeroderivative gas turbines fueled by Permian Basin natural gas; site adjacent to a major gas-processing hub."
    },
    "landAcres": 568,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "posey-county-boberg-road-data-center-in",
    "name": "Posey County Boberg Road Data Center",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.033661,
      "lon": -87.7368008,
      "county": "Posey",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-04",
        "note": "Posey County commissioners said they would vote no on the proposed data center at Boberg and Hoenert roads, while noting they were still reviewing proposals in other parts of the county.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.14news.com/2026/08/04/posey-co-commissioners-vote-no-proposed-data-center-near-boberg-hoenert-rd/",
        "label": "Posey Co. commissioners vote no on proposed data center near Boberg, Hoenert Rd",
        "publisher": "14 News (WFIE)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Developer is not public — county commissioners signed a non-disclosure agreement and the area plan commission said it had received no application. Farmers along Boberg and Hoenert roads had been approached about leasing land. Acreage and capacity were never disclosed. Coordinates are the Boberg Road corridor in Posey County.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents packed the August 4, 2026 meeting at Hovey House in Mount Vernon and submitted hundreds of letters in opposition, asking for a two-year moratorium; several criticized the commissioners for signing a non-disclosure agreement with the developer.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "potentia-oklahoma-campus-02-inola-ok",
    "name": "Potentia Oklahoma Campus 02 (Inola)",
    "operator": "Potentia, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1487,
      "lon": -95.5097,
      "city": "Inola",
      "county": "Rogers",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Land assembled via 'Tulsa Farms' entities; Tulsa Port Authority–Rogers County board agenda lists a purchase-agreement amendment with Potentia Tulsa 1 LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.joecrivelli.com/p/the-data-center-coming-to-inola-oklahoma",
        "label": "The Data Center Coming to Inola, Oklahoma: What We Know",
        "publisher": "Joe Crivelli",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/potentia-inc",
        "label": "Potentia Inc. Data Centers and Colocation — Campus 02 (Oklahoma)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://servercountry.org/data/states/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Projects tracker — Potentia Oklahoma Campus 02, Inola",
        "publisher": "Server Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Roughly 1,850 acres in Rogers County bounded by 4190 Road and 4200 Road, adjacent to the Port of Inola and existing high-voltage transmission serving the Sofidel plant. Reporting describes recorded deeds, site clearing and HV substation work, and a Building 1 target of Q2 2027; the 2.0 GW figure comes from a third-party tracker, not the developer. Coordinates are approximate to the town of Inola, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "landAcres": 1850,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Only source found is a nearby resident's personal Substack post (2026-05-31), not local news or a government record. The resident documents his own opposition (concern about HVAC noise and industrial character) and notes the area is already fighting a separate proposed aluminum smelter, but as of the post date the Inola project was not yet publicly announced/agendized and no organized campaign or hearing had occurred. Treat as one documented voice of concern, not a canvassed community reaction.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerconnex-i-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "PowerConneX I New Albany Energy Center",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.064,
      "lon": -82.756,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 120
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-sixth-natural-gas-power-plant-in-new-albany/919826.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: 'PowerConneX I, a 120 MW plant ... that will power a nearby data center' (EdgeConneX)",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "On-site natural-gas generation (120 MW) built by EdgeConneX's PowerConneX arm to power a nearby New Albany data center. Farm and Dairy names PowerConneX I (120 MW) among the New Albany-area gas plants; the co-located customer is EdgeConneX's own New Albany (MCN) campus. Coordinates approximate. Operates under power arm PowerConneX.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "EdgeConneX",
      "notes": "On-site generation for a nearby New Albany data center (EdgeConneX's co-located MCN New Albany campus, edgeconnex-mcn-new-albany-licking-county-oh)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "powerconnex-ii-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "PowerConneX II New Albany Energy Center",
    "operator": "EdgeConneX",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.062,
      "lon": -82.754,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 216
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-sixth-natural-gas-power-plant-in-new-albany/919826.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: 'PowerConneX II, a 216 MW plant — that will power a nearby data center' (EdgeConneX)",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "A second EdgeConneX PowerConneX on-site gas plant (216 MW) for a nearby New Albany data center (EdgeConneX's co-located MCN campus). Coordinates approximate. (Farm and Dairy also names a pre-application PowerConneX III at 430 MW, not included here.). Operates under power arm PowerConneX.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "EdgeConneX",
      "notes": "Second on-site generation phase for a nearby New Albany data center (EdgeConneX's co-located MCN New Albany campus, edgeconnex-mcn-new-albany-licking-county-oh)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-95-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "PowerHouse 95",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.17,
      "lon": -77.66,
      "city": "Spotsylvania",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "PowerHouse announced completed purchase of 145 acres in Spotsylvania County along I-95/Hwy 17 corridor for PowerHouse 95 campus; three 300 MW substations planned.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-07",
        "note": "Groundbreaking announced; company posted on LinkedIn 'Construction on PH 95 North is underway!' DCD coverage July 19, 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/news/powerhouse-breaks-ground-on-800mw-data-center-campus-in-spotsylvania-county-virginia",
        "label": "PowerHouse breaks ground on 800MW data center campus in Spotsylvania County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers (press release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/news/powerhouse-data-centers-announces-purchase-of-145-acres-in-spotsylvania-va-for-powerhouse-95-campus",
        "label": "PowerHouse Data Centers announces purchase of 145 acres in Spotsylvania, VA for PowerHouse 95 campus",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers (press release)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/powerhouse-breaks-ground-on-800mw-data-center-campus-in-spotsylvania-county-virginia/",
        "label": "PowerHouse breaks ground on 800MW data center campus in Spotsylvania County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/powerhouse-data-centers-closes-on-site-of-800-mw-data-center-campus-in-spotsylvania-virginia-302041246.html",
        "label": "PowerHouse Data Centers Closes on Site of 800 MW Data Center Campus in Spotsylvania, Virginia",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/powerhouse-95",
        "label": "PowerHouse 95 Data Center — Baxtel profile",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.americanrepartners.com/properties/powerhouse-95",
        "label": "PowerHouse 95 — AREP property page",
        "publisher": "American Real Estate Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dominionenergy.com/tributary",
        "label": "Tributary 230 kV Transmission Project — Dominion Energy Spotsylvania data center infrastructure",
        "publisher": "Dominion Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/12/10/spotsylvania-board-of-supervisors-approves-data-center-design-standards-but-they-may-be-short-lived/",
        "label": "Spotsylvania Board of Supervisors approves data center design standards",
        "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Campus located at approximately 4189 Turner Ct, Spotsylvania County, VA along the I-95/Hwy 17 corridor; coordinates are approximate. Three 300 MW substations planned (800 MW total); first substation delivering 150 MW targeted for Q4 2025. Up to 8 buildings, 3.5 million sq ft. Phased delivery Q3 2025–Q4 2027. Joint venture between PowerHouse/AREP and Harrison Street. Harrison Street managing director explicitly cited 'high-powered computing, AI, and other advancements' as the demand driver for this campus class, supporting likely AI classification. Named tenant not disclosed. Dominion Energy utility attribution is inferred from service territory: Dominion's Tributary 230 kV project was approved by Virginia SCC (June 30, 2024) specifically to serve growing Spotsylvania data center demand; PH95 press materials do not name the utility directly. Investment amount, job figures, and water draw not disclosed in any sourced press materials. Joint venture: American Real Estate Partners (AREP) and Harrison Street.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op",
      "notes": "Utility inferred from geographic service area and Dominion's Tributary 230 kV transmission project (SCC Final Order June 30, 2024) built specifically to serve Spotsylvania County data center demand. PH95-specific press materials do not name the utility. Rappahannock Electric Cooperative also serves parts of Spotsylvania County and cannot be ruled out."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Press materials do not disclose cooling approach for PH 95 specifically. PowerHouse has deployed direct-to-chip and closed-loop cooling at other campuses; no water draw figures available."
    },
    "landAcres": 145,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Spotsylvania County has experienced significant data center controversy: the board voted 4-3 in December 2025 to approve design standards; required special use permits for data centers in February 2026 (mirroring Loudoun, Prince William, and Henrico); public comments cited noise, grid strain, water supply risk, and visual impact. One project (Hunters Ridge South, 2.2M sq ft) passed 5-2 in August 2025. PowerHouse 95 itself was not identified as the specific target of organized opposition in sourced materials — it appears to have proceeded under earlier by-right industrial zoning rules. Rappahannock Electric Cooperative CEO told Spotsylvania officials that one data center can require as much energy as REC's entire customer base during peak demand.",
      "sourceIndex": 7
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-abx-1-va",
    "name": "PowerHouse ABX-1",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0195992,
      "lon": -77.4504568,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/data-center/powerhouse-abx-1",
        "label": "PowerHouse Data Centers official facility page (delivered Oct 2023; sold Q4 2024)",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1188715508",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1188715508",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via PowerHouse's own site: delivered October 2023, sold in Q4 2024 to a third party. Kept as a real, distinct, currently-existing facility that PowerHouse itself still profiles in its portfolio; ownership transfer does not remove it from the map, but a future pass should confirm the new owner/name if PowerHouse's page is eventually retired.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-charlotte-nc",
    "name": "PowerHouse Charlotte Campus",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2271,
      "lon": -80.8431,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "PowerHouse acquired 120 acres in Charlotte for a 300 MW campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/powerhouse-acquires-120-acres-in-charlotte-north-carolina-for-300mw-campus/",
        "label": "PowerHouse acquires 120 acres in Charlotte, North Carolina, for 300MW campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/charlotte-leaders-concerned-noise-environmental-022915846.html",
        "label": "Charlotte leaders concerned about noise, environmental impact of proposed data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "120-acre, ~300 MW campus in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County. Distinct operator/parcel from the separately-tracked Digital Realty Charlotte site. Coordinates are the Charlotte centroid. Partner: American Real Estate Partners (AREP).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Carolinas"
    },
    "landAcres": 120,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "As of an August 2023 report, Charlotte city staff declined to endorse the project over noise concerns, and Councilmember LaWana Slack-Mayfield said the industrial-scale use 'should be in an industrial area, not around residential homes.' Per subsequent 2026-06 reporting (found via search, not independently re-fetched due to a paywall on the primary Axios/DCD pieces -- treat this paragraph as lower-confidence than the quoted evidence below): Charlotte enacted a 150-day, city-wide moratorium on new data-center construction (around 2026-06-09) to study infrastructure/noise/environmental impact, and PowerHouse Charlotte's first phase was reported as EXEMPT from that moratorium because it already had substantial investment committed. If confirmed, this is the same 'approved/exempted despite a backlash-driven moratorium' pattern as cologix-col5-orange-township-delaware-county-oh. Recommend a maintainer verify the moratorium-exemption detail directly given the fetch blocks.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-chirisa-chester-va",
    "name": "Chirisa Technology Park — Richmond (Chester)",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3554,
      "lon": -77.4416,
      "city": "Chester",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 120
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Blue Owl / Chirisa / PowerHouse JV first phase: initial 50 MW by 2025 expanding to a 120 MW facility (1 GW eventual plan); $600M construction loan closed",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blue-owl-chirisa-technology-parks-and-powerhouse-data-centers-announce-first-phase-of-5-billion-joint-venture-development-partnership-302233967.html",
        "label": "Blue Owl, Chirisa Technology Parks and PowerHouse Data Centers announce first phase of $5 billion JV development partnership",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chirisa-technology-parks-and-powerhouse-data-centers-to-launch-next-generation-hyperscale-campus-in-chesterfield-county-302259869.html",
        "label": "Chirisa Technology Parks and PowerHouse launch hyperscale campus in Chesterfield County",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/richmond-va-area-counties-split-on-data-centers",
        "label": "Richmond, Va.-area counties split on data centers",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "Chester, Chesterfield County — first phase of a Blue Owl / Chirisa / PowerHouse JV: initial 50 MW (2025) → 120 MW facility, with a ~1 GW eventual plan (in notes). $600M construction loan closed. Distinct parcel from Google's Midlothian (Chesterfield) campus. Coordinates are the Chester area centroid. The $600M is a construction loan (financing) and the $5B is the multi-site JV total - neither is this campus's capex -> investmentUsd omitted. 800-1,200 jobs projected over 5-7 years spanning construction and operations -> jobs honest-zero. Virginia law bars per-company data-center subsidy disclosure -> subsidy honest-zero. Joint venture with Chirisa Technology Parks and Blue Owl Real Estate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "300 MW secured via a new Meadowville Technology Park substation built in partnership with Dominion Energy; eventual park goal >1 GW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Chirisa 'direct-on-chip' liquid cooling (closed-loop, ~2x more power-efficient than air-cooled); site water sourced from a Chesterfield County reclaimed-water system. No MGD figure published."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors approved the Chirisa / Meadowville plans and cited a positive economic impact (redevelopment of the former Capital One campus); county-wide, data-center expansion is actively debated (residential-bill, water, and diesel-generator concerns; a Jan 2026 zoning ordinance now requires conditional-use approval for new data centers). No lawsuit or moratorium against this campus.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-circle-t-westlake-tx",
    "name": "PowerHouse Circle T Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9972,
      "lon": -97.2083,
      "city": "Westlake",
      "street": "13580 Denton Highway",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-07",
        "note": "Filed with and approved by Westlake planning and zoning commission."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://westlaketx.portal.civicclerk.com/event/194/files/agenda/5473",
        "label": "Westlake Planning & Zoning Commission agenda — Circle T Data Center",
        "publisher": "Town of Westlake, TX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/powerhouse-files-plans-for-300-mw-circle-t-data-center-campus-in-westlake-texas",
        "label": "PowerHouse files plans for 300 MW Circle T Data Center Campus in Westlake, Texas",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Four-building campus (300,000 sq ft each) at the NE corner of US-377 and Westport Parkway; owner of record Circle T Owner LP. Local Westlake planning-and-zoning approval obtained as of August 2026.",
    "landAcres": 87.96,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-ctp-02-va",
    "name": "PowerHouse CTP-02",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.360586,
      "lon": -77.3256869,
      "city": "Chester",
      "county": "Chesterfield",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/national/news/data-center/coreweave-data-center-in-virginia-lands-600m-loan-127230",
        "label": "Bisnow: CoreWeave data center at CTP's Richmond-area (Meadowville) campus lands $600M loan",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers (JV with Chirisa Technology Parks and Blue Owl Real Estate)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1449347339",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1449347339",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "50MW build-to-suit at Chirisa Technology Parks' Meadowville Technology Parkway campus (Chesterfield County), JV of PowerHouse, Chirisa, and Blue Owl Real Estate; broke ground 2024/2025, CoreWeave is the confirmed GPU/AI-cloud tenant (28MW deal Sept 2023 plus this expansion). PowerHouse's own portfolio page lists 'CTP-02 and CTP-03' as a platform entry; baxtel independently corroborates PowerHouse CTP-02 as a named facility at this campus. Joint venture with Chirisa Technology Parks and Blue Owl Real Estate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-hobart-lake-county-in",
    "name": "PowerHouse Hobart",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5322592,
      "lon": -87.2550353,
      "city": "Hobart",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 450
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Operator lists the site in site development (2025–2026) with entitlements and design in Q3 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/data-center/powerhouse-hobart",
        "label": "PowerHouse Hobart — site specifications",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/indiana",
        "label": "Data Centers in Indiana — Project List & Locations (PowerHouse Hobart, Lake County, 450 MW, 2027)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Operator lists up to six buildings, up to two stories, 1,890,000 sq ft developable on 170 acres, max utility power 450 MW, power delivery Q2 2027 and construction/delivery 2027–2030. PowerHouse Data Centers is wholly owned by American Real Estate Partners (AREP). Distinct from the separately tracked AWS Hobart campus — different developer and a different stated capacity; no street address is published, so coordinates are the city of Hobart.",
    "landAcres": 170,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-louisville-ky",
    "name": "PowerHouse Data Centers – Louisville (Camp Ground Road)",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.1953,
      "lon": -85.8485,
      "city": "Louisville",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 402
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "PowerHouse Data Centers and Poe Companies announce Louisville campus at 6001 Camp Ground Road; Kentucky's first hyperscale data center",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Development Review Committee approves 4-0; property already zoned industrial, no Metro Council vote required",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Construction expected to begin 2025; Planning Commission approves revised site plans 6-1 over community objection in March 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/planning-commission-recommends-approval-for-16m-sq-ft-planned-data-center-in-louisville-kentucky/",
        "label": "Planning Commission recommends approval for 1.6m sq ft planned data center in Louisville, Kentucky",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2026-03-05/west-louisville-data-center-approved-despite-opposition",
        "label": "West Louisville data center approved despite opposition",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/news/developers-unveil-plans-for-large-tech-data-center-in-louisville",
        "label": "Developers unveil plans for large tech data center in Louisville",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kentuckylantern.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EPIC-REPORT-NO-2026-001-FINAL.pdf",
        "label": "EPIC Report No. 2026-001, Data Centers in Kentucky §I.B — 335 MW initial capacity, near-term expansion to 402 MW, first 130 MW phase targeted for commercial operation late 2026, projected lifetime investment approximately $11 billion",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Energy Planning and Inventory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lge-ku.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/01/16/lge-announces-first-major-data-center-electric-customer",
        "label": "LG&E announces first major data center electric customer",
        "publisher": "LG&E and KU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.poecompanies.com/press-releases/new-150-acre-data-center-campus-aims-to-attract-big-tech-companies-to-louisville/",
        "label": "New 150-acre data center campus aims to attract big tech companies to Louisville",
        "publisher": "Poe Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Address: 6001 Camp Ground Road, Louisville, KY; near Shively and the Rubbertown industrial district, less than 1 mile from the Ohio River. 153 acres confirmed by DCD. 1.6M sq ft total campus across seven buildings. Operator discussing tenants including major hyperscalers (Google, Amazon, Microsoft named in reports). End tenant not publicly disclosed at time of research. Fix: removed unconfirmed '50-year' duration from tax exemption description — program exists per Kentucky 2024 legislation but specific term length was not confirmed by any fetched source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "LG&E",
      "notes": "New LG&E switch station to be completed September 2026; initial 130 MW available October 2026; expandable from 335 MW to 402 MW"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Data center property tax exemption for Louisville/Jefferson County (authorized by Kentucky Legislature in 2024; specific duration not confirmed in available sources)",
        "jurisdiction": "Jefferson County / Louisville Metro, KY",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 11000000000,
    "landAcres": 153,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Strong community opposition from Rubbertown-area residents citing energy affordability burdens on low-income customers, environmental and health equity concerns in a historically underserved West End neighborhood. Multiple public hearings with significant protests. Louisville Party for Socialism and Liberation among opponents.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-pax-carlisle-pa",
    "name": "PAX — Pennsylvania Digital I",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2015,
      "lon": -77.1889,
      "city": "Carlisle",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1350
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "PA Data Center Partners and PowerHouse launched a $15B JV for a 1.35 GW hyperscale campus (Pennsylvania Digital I / PAX) in Carlisle; near-term 300 MW by Q2 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/07/15/3115977/0/en/pennsylvania-data-center-partners-and-powerhouse-data-centers-launch-joint-venture-to-build-next-gen-1-35-gw-hyperscale-data-center-campus-in-carlisle-pennsylvania.html",
        "label": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners and PowerHouse Data Centers launch JV to build 1.35 GW hyperscale campus in Carlisle",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/news/pennsylvania-data-center-partners-and-powerhouse-data-centers-launch-joint-venture-to-build-next-gen-1-35-gw-hyperscale-data-center-campus-in-carlisle-pennsylvania",
        "label": "PA Data Center Partners and PowerHouse launch 1.35 GW Carlisle JV",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.commondreams.org/news/data-center-pennsylvania-town",
        "label": "Data center's $14.1M deal to consume 40% of a PA town's excess water",
        "publisher": "Common Dreams",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/cumberland-county-pa-data-centers-take-new-step-forward",
        "label": "Cumberland County, PA data centers take new step forward",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://protectcumberlandcountypa.org/middlesex/",
        "label": "Middlesex Township data center overlay",
        "publisher": "Protect Cumberland County PA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/07/15/3115977/0/en/Pennsylvania-Data-Center-Partners-and-PowerHouse-Data-Centers-Launch-Joint-Venture-to-Build-Next-Gen-1-35-GW-Hyperscale-Data-Center-Campus-in-Carlisle-Pennsylvania.html",
        "label": "PA Data Center Partners and PowerHouse launch JV for 1.35 GW hyperscale campus in Carlisle",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/450-mw-substation-approved-for-15b-pennsylvania-digital-i-pax-ai-data-center-in-carlisle/",
        "label": "450 MW substation approved for $15B Pennsylvania Digital I (PAX) AI data center in Carlisle",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "'Pennsylvania Digital I' (PAX) in Carlisle, Cumberland County: a ~700-acre, three-campus development delivering 1.35 GW (expandable to 1.8 GW — in notes), each campus with six buildings and a 450 MW substation. The $15B is the project value across all three campuses (in notes). Near-term 300 MW by Q2 2027. Coordinates are the Carlisle area centroid. The $15B figure is the three-campus JV total, not broken out per campus -> investmentUsd omitted. Pennsylvania's data-center sales-tax exemption eligibility is likely but no confirmed award or LERTA designation was found. Partner: Pennsylvania Data Center Partners.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PPL Electric Utilities",
      "notes": "PPL Electric Utilities will connect the campuses via a new 500 kV-138 kV switching station; 1.35 GW delivered via the PJM grid. No on-site generation confirmed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Evaporative cooling for peak thermal conditions. A $14.1M agreement with the Middlesex Township Municipal Authority grants access to up to 400,000 gal/day (0.4 MGD) - a contracted ceiling (~2,367 dwelling units), not measured operational use; regulated by PA DEP and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission."
    },
    "landAcres": 700,
    "jobs": {
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Middlesex Township supervisors voted 3-0 (Ordinance 3-2025, May 30 2025) to create a 694-acre Data Center Overlay District making data centers a by-right use; Protect Cumberland County PA documents organized opposition over water, pollution, utility rates, and private-well impacts (Rep. Barb Gleim questioned utility-bill effects). No litigation as of 2026-07-08.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-poe-carrollton-industrial-campus-carroll-county-ky",
    "name": "Carrollton Industrial Campus",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers / Poe Companies",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.68,
      "lon": -85.16583,
      "city": "Carrollton",
      "county": "Carroll",
      "street": "Greens Bottom Road",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/technology/articles/louisville-based-developer-plans-9-144212137.html",
        "label": "Louisville-based developer plans $9.6B data center in Carroll County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wdrbwave.com/2026/07/25/carroll-county-residents-push-back-against-data-center-project-ghent-community/",
        "label": "Carroll County residents push back against data center project in Ghent community",
        "publisher": "WAVE3",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2026-08-24/neighbors-to-kentucky-hyperscale-data-centers-demand-transparency",
        "label": "Neighbors to Kentucky hyperscale data centers demand transparency",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/louisville-developer-eyes-second-9-090000833.html",
        "label": "Louisville developer eyes second $9.6B hyperscale data center in Carroll County — 550 acres (300 used), 800 MW from Kentucky Utilities, 2,100 construction jobs, 320 permanent positions, $93.2 million annual tax revenue",
        "publisher": "Louisville Business First (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Developers (Poe Companies and PowerHouse Data Centers, the same partnership behind the existing record powerhouse-louisville-ky) have secured purchase options and completed initial site studies but had not started construction as of the 2026-09-10 source check; 'it's unclear when construction ... will begin.' Data center footprint is reported as roughly 300 of the 500 total acres; 342 acres of the site are owned by Carrollton Utilities, adjacent to its regional wastewater treatment plant. An economic-impact analysis projects about $93.2M in local tax revenue, over $64M of it to Carroll County Public Schools; the developer also received $3.7 million in Kentucky Business Investment (KBI) incentive funding (year not stated in source, so omitted from the subsidies field).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Kentucky Utilities Company",
      "notes": "Louisville Business First reports an agreement to purchase 800 MW of power from Kentucky Utilities Company for the campus. Of the 550 acres under purchase option south of Carrollton near the Kentucky River, about 300 acres would carry the data center campus, with the balance reserved for landscaping, setbacks and buffers."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 9600000000,
    "landAcres": 500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2100,
      "permanent": 320,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Carroll County/Ghent-area residents organized opposition (group 'No Data Center 502') after learning the Carrollton Industrial Campus had reportedly been in development for over a year before its public announcement. Reporting says the Carrollton mayor signed an unrecorded real estate option contract in July 2025 to sell 340 acres of public land for the project. Residents cite lack of transparency: 'There's been no transparency from our local government' (Laura Beth Austin); 'I don't trust the jobs numbers. I don't trust the tax numbers' (Amy Wright). State Sen. Gex Williams (R) said the city 'made some serious mistakes in terms of their NDAs'; Sen. Keturah Herron (D) said 'If you are not being open and honest ... then we can only assume that it's shady business happening.' A Kentucky State Senate District 20 candidate (Stella Pollard) and the Louisville group opposing a separate PowerHouse/Poe project have joined the organizing.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-provident-grand-prairie-tx",
    "name": "PowerHouse Grand Prairie Campus",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.62,
      "lon": -97.02,
      "city": "Grand Prairie",
      "county": "Ellis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1800
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "PowerHouse and Provident developing a 1.8 GW campus in the DFW area (Grand Prairie): 24 buildings across three phases, 1.8 GW switchyard",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/powerhouse-and-provident-to-develop-18gw-campus-in-dfw-texas/",
        "label": "PowerHouse and Provident to develop 1.8GW campus in DFW, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/national/news/data-center/provident-powerhouse-partner-on-768-acre-texas-data-center-campus-127465",
        "label": "Provident, PowerHouse partner on 768-acre Texas data center campus",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dallasinnovates.com/doe-funded-uta-project-tackles-cooling-costs-in-ai-data-center-boom/",
        "label": "DOE-funded UTA project tackles cooling costs amid AI data center demand",
        "publisher": "Dallas Innovates",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-08",
    "notes": "1.8 GW DFW-area campus (Grand Prairie): 24 buildings across three phases with an on-site 1.8 GW switchyard. Grand Prairie spans Dallas/Tarrant/Ellis counties; the campus is in the Ellis County (southern) portion. Coordinates reflect the southern Grand Prairie / Ellis County zone. Provident cited 'at least $5B in direct construction impact' over the multi-year build-out (Bisnow) and ~$300M for one 360,000-sq-ft building (Dallas Innovates) - neither a confirmed campus capex pledge -> investmentUsd omitted. Ellis County adopted Chapter 312 abatement guidelines (~Oct 2025, $50M threshold); no executed abatement agreement for this campus was found.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "On-site 1.8 GW switchyard; ERCOT approved the first 500 MW tranche. Provident CEO Leon Backes said the company spent 'the past two years working closely with ERCOT and Oncor.' Oncor is Ellis County's incumbent transmission/distribution utility."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "The site was newly rezoned with all permits secured (Feb 2025); no independent reporting documents community support or opposition specific to this Ellis County campus as of 2026-07-08.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-reno-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "PowerHouse Reno Campus",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5602824,
      "lon": -119.4990959,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "600 Britain Drive",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 65
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "PowerHouse broke ground on the 49-acre, three-building, 900,000 sq ft campus at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center; first building targeted for Q3 2025 and full campus completion in 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.powerhousedata.com/news/powerhouse-breaks-ground-on-reno-data-center",
        "label": "PowerHouse breaks ground on Reno data center",
        "publisher": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Three two-story powered-shell buildings totalling 900,000 sq ft on 49 acres, developed with parent American Real Estate Partners (AREP). The 65 MW figure is the campus figure in PowerHouse's own groundbreaking release; a facility directory separately lists a 200 MW figure for the site, which is not recorded here because it was not read on a primary page this session.",
    "landAcres": 49,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powerhouse-uhland-caldwell-county-tx",
    "name": "PowerHouse Caldwell County Data Center",
    "operator": "PowerHouse Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.87,
      "lon": -97.85,
      "city": "Uhland",
      "county": "Caldwell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 4000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/powerhouse-looking-to-build-500-acre-data-center-near-austin-texas/",
        "label": "PowerHouse looking to build 500-acre data center near Austin, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/austin/news/data-center-development/powerhouse-plans-austin-suburb-data-center-skirt-city-control-134437",
        "label": "PowerHouse plans Austin suburb data center, moves to skirt city control",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/500-acre-texas-data-center-project-eyed-by-powerhouse",
        "label": "500-Acre Texas Data Center Project Eyed by PowerHouse (Baxtel)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://centexdatacenters.org/projects/tract-caldwell-county",
        "label": "Tract Data Center Technology Park — Central Texas Data Center Tracker (Bluebonnet/LCRA/gas pipeline detail)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Within the larger Caldwell Valley Technology Park megasite near Austin/San Antonio - a distinct operator/parcel from Tract's own 1,515-acre/2,000MW land holding in the same park (existing tracked entry tract-caldwell-valley-uhland-tx); do not conflate the two. ~700MW figure from a single-source tracker, not independently verified, so omitted from capacityMw. PowerHouse has filed a petition to move the site from Town of Uhland jurisdiction to Caldwell County jurisdiction (lighter TX zoning authority at the county level). Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative (via Tract's Caldwell Valley Technology Park interconnection; LCRA also named for the park)",
      "notes": "PowerHouse's own power arrangement is not separately disclosed — the company has not published its power source for this site, and its site-plan filing with Uhland reportedly omitted power-usage specifications."
    },
    "landAcres": 500,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Substantial pushback reported from residents at an open house.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "powertransitions-project-yardbird-ks",
    "name": "Project Yardbird",
    "operator": "PowerTransitions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.147,
      "lon": -94.635,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Wyandotte",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "$13.6M option to buy the decommissioned Quindaro coal plant signed May 2025, in due diligence and environmental assessment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2026-01-29/wyandotte-county-data-centers-would-require-a-lot-of-power-will-that-raise-your-energy-bill",
        "label": "Wyandotte County data centers would require a lot of power",
        "publisher": "KCUR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wsp.cld.bz/PowerTransitions-Quindaro-Data-Center-Opportunity-Kansas-City",
        "label": "PowerTransitions Quindaro Data Center Opportunity",
        "publisher": "PowerTransitions",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "Converts the decommissioned Quindaro coal Power Station (BPU) in the Quindaro neighborhood of Kansas City, KS. $13.6M option to buy (May 2025), currently in due diligence.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prado-ai-jackson-metro-ms",
    "name": "Prado AI / PraCon Global AI Industrial Campus",
    "operator": "PraCon Global Investment Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4282,
      "lon": -90.132,
      "city": "Ridgeland",
      "county": "Madison",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Prado AI, an affiliate of PraCon Global Investment, asked the Mississippi Public Service Commission for an opinion on whether it would be regulated as a public utility if it generated and supplied power to tenants at a potential data center and semiconductor manufacturing campus; its initial filing said the campus would be in Ridgeland and that electricity would be included in the lease and not metered.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-29",
        "note": "The PSC declined to issue an opinion, calling the request 'premature' and 'hypothetical' and saying it lacked enough information; Commissioner De'Keither Stamps said Prado did not answer basic questions such as how many tenants the power would serve. Prado said the company will proceed anyway.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260819033622/https://mississippitoday.org/2026/06/01/mississippi-ddata-center-plans/",
        "label": "Mississippi developer plans to move forward with data center plans, even as state declines to give ruling (Wayback snapshot 2026-08-19)",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Today",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Net-new but SPECULATIVE — confidence 'rumored' on purpose. A proposed AI/semiconductor industrial campus with its own private power plant, before the Mississippi PSC. Deliberately omitted, because the developer refused to state them: capacity MW, investment, acreage, site parcel, timeline. Prado told Mississippi Today he declined to give the PSC more detail because 'making that information available to the utility companies would take away the project's competitive advantage,' and Prado AI 'is still working on securing all the funding it would need for a project of this size'; the only figure attached to it is Prado's stated LONG-TERM GOAL of 'over $25 billion', which is an aspiration, not an announced investment, and is therefore NOT recorded in investmentUsd. Location: the March PSC filing named Ridgeland, but Prado has since said only 'the Jackson metro area' and declined to say where — coordinates are a Ridgeland city geocode from the filing, precision 'approximate'; if it lands elsewhere in the metro this record needs relocating. Sourced from a Wayback snapshot because mississippitoday.org returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches. Ed's call whether a project this unformed belongs in the dataset at all; the argument for including it is that it is docketed at the PSC and formally opposed by both of the state's major utilities, which is more than a press rumour. NOTE the separate real facility entergy-traceview-ridgeland-ms is also in Ridgeland — unrelated.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Not a residents-vs-site dispute: the documented opposition is regulatory and commercial. Entergy Mississippi and Mississippi Power, the state's two largest power providers, are protesting the effort, arguing the arrangement would make Prado AI a public utility subject to PSC regulation, and that a certificate of public convenience and necessity would be required to build the generator. Mississippi Power's brief warned the request 'could intentionally or unintentionally upset this delicate regulatory balance.' No public-reception evidence from nearby residents appears in the source.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "prairie-breeze-wind-antelope-ne",
    "name": "Prairie Breeze Wind Energy Center",
    "operator": "Invenergy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9517,
      "lon": -98.1165,
      "county": "Antelope",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 311
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2014-03",
        "note": "Phase I online March 2014 (Nebraska DWEE); phases II and III followed in 2015 and 2016.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Prairie_Breeze_wind_farm",
        "label": "Prairie Breeze wind farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Three phases. Global Energy Monitor: phase 1 201 MW (2014) at 41.9517/-98.1165, phase 2 74 MW (2015) at 41.9729/-97.8735, phase 3 36 MW (2016) at 41.9736/-97.8520 — total 311 MW, operated by Invenergy throughout (phases 2 and 3 are 90% owned by Excelsior Energy Capital). Nebraska DWEE lists the same three phases at 200.6 / 73.39 / 35.8 MW (309.79 MW total) with OPPD, Lincoln Electric System and the municipalities of Grand Island, Nebraska City and Neligh as the respective offtakers, and records phases spanning Antelope, Boone and Madison counties. Coordinates are phase 1's, hence precision \"approximate\" for the campus as a whole.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "prairie-ronde-solar-st-landry-la",
    "name": "Prairie Ronde Solar",
    "operator": "Lightsource bp",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.61,
      "lon": -92.17,
      "county": "St. Landry",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 135
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-03-26",
        "note": "Lightsource bp announced the project had entered commercial operation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://lightsourcebp.com/us/news/prairie-ronde-solar-goes-online/",
        "label": "Prairie Ronde Solar goes online",
        "publisher": "Lightsource bp",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 65976, Prairie Ronde Solar Farm)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The EIA-derived record lists the plant as operating with 135 MW installed; Lightsource bp publishes the project as 180 MWdc. Coordinate is the EIA plant point, reported to two decimal places only, so it is marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "180 MWdc / 135 MWac; energy is delivered into the local grid."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 170000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Lightsource bp's second Louisiana project, about 30 miles north of Lafayette."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-avondale-az",
    "name": "Avondale Campus",
    "operator": "Prime Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.44,
      "lon": -112.35,
      "city": "Avondale",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 240
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Groundbreaking on first 3 buildings.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-three-buildings-at-its-240mw-phoenix-campus-advancing-3billion-dollar-investment-in-avondale/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers breaks ground on three buildings at its 240MW Phoenix campus, advancing $3 billion investment in Avondale",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/PDC_Phoenix_TechSheet_PHX01_04.pdf",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers PHX01 tech sheet — spec table: 'UTILITY PROVIDER SRP', 'ACRES 66.5', 'CRITICAL IT LOAD 240MW'; 'a closed-loop cooling system engineered for zero process water use during operations'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "5-building, 66.5-acre campus; groundbreaking on first 3 buildings May 2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Salt River Project (SRP)"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator specifies a closed-loop cooling system with zero process water use during operations. The City of Avondale restricts water-cooled data centers, considering only closed-loop, air-cooled facilities."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 66.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Avondale Mayor Mike Pineda is quoted (2026-05-21 release) praising the $3B+ investment and its closed-loop cooling design. No opposition, resident concerns, or hearing record documented in this source. Checked: operator press release only.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-dfw01-01-tx",
    "name": "Prime DFW01-01",
    "operator": "Prime Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8379581,
      "lon": -96.8784007,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "1515 Round Table Drive",
      "postalCode": "75247",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 8
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/locations/dallas/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/465032380",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/465032380",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/PDC_Dallas_TechSheet_DFW01_01.pdf",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers AI/HPC — Prime's own DFW01-01 Dallas tech sheet lists this specific building's ",
        "publisher": "primedatacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/prime-data-centers/1515-round-table-drive/dfw01-01",
        "label": "datacenterHawk — Prime Data Centers DFW01-01 listing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/sustainability/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers — Sustainability page (company-wide REC/matching commitment, not site-specific)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed via https://primedatacenters.com/locations/dallas/ — DFW01-01 at 1515 Round Table Dr, Dallas, TX, operational, 8MW/107,000 sq ft, enterprise multi-tenant. Kept as the canonical entry for this facility name; see osm_id 1461896928 (dropped as duplicate). AI/HPC (likely): Prime's own DFW01-01 Dallas tech sheet lists this specific building's 'Performance: AI-ready' and 'Cooling: Closed air loop and liquid'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "Standard ERCOT grid interconnection via Oncor, with an Oncor substation near the campus."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-lax01-vernon-ca",
    "name": "Prime Data Centers LAX01",
    "operator": "Prime Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0014335,
      "lon": -118.2303092,
      "city": "Vernon",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "4701 South Santa Fe Avenue",
      "postalCode": "90058",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 33
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-opens-los-angeles-data-center/",
        "label": "Prime opens Los Angeles data center",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prime-data-centers-announces-the-opening-of-its-hyperscale-data-center-in-vernon-california-302305195.html",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers announces opening of its hyperscale data center in Vernon, California",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-data-centers-and-lambda-partner-to-power-the-next-era-of-superintelligence-with-ai-optimized-infrastructure-in-southern-california/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers and Lambda partner on AI-optimized infrastructure in Southern California",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lambda.ai/blog/prime-data-centers-and-lambda-partner-to-power-the-next-era-of-superintelligence-with-ai-optimized-infrastructure-in-southern-california",
        "label": "Lambda partners with Prime Data Centers in Southern California",
        "publisher": "Lambda",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prime-launches-33mw-data-center-in-vernon-california/",
        "label": "Prime launches 33MW data center in Vernon, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Opened November 14, 2024; 33MW of critical IT power at full build-out across six data halls, 100% leased at opening to two initially-unnamed AI companies. Lambda was named as a tenant via a separate press release approximately one year later (November 13, 2025), leasing 21MW of the 33MW total for NVIDIA Blackwell-based AI infrastructure - these are two distinct announcements, not one event. One of at least three independent data-center developments in Vernon (a small, ~200-resident, all-industrial city), alongside a separate Digital Realty land purchase (4400 Pacific Blvd) and the DataBank/Goodman Group 'Vernon LA Campus' - driven by Vernon Public Utilities offering industrial power at roughly half the rate of neighboring investor-owned utilities.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Vernon Public Utilities"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-ord-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Prime ORD Chicago Campus",
    "operator": "Prime Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0224688,
      "lon": -87.9621839,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "1600 East Higgins Road",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 175
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11-15",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022-11-15",
        "note": "Official groundbreaking ceremony for ORD-01, the first of three planned campus buildings.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-1b-chicago-data-center-campus-in-elk-grove-village-301681170.html",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers Breaks Ground on $1B Chicago Data Center Campus in Elk Grove Village",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/chicago-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers — Chicago data center campus",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Site-level figures, not entity-wide: the $1B and 175MW are stated for this Elk Grove Village campus at full build-out across three buildings; first building ORD-01 is 384,000 sq ft and up to 72MW. Status reflects the most recent sourced stage (2022 groundbreaking) — no fetched source confirms a live date, so this may lag reality. Distinct from the tracked TA Realty Elk Grove Village site (different operator, different parcel/acreage). Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Illinois Governor JB Pritzker and Elk Grove Village Mayor Craig Johnson are both quoted at the 2022-11-15/17 groundbreaking welcoming the project. No opposition or resident concerns documented. Checked: operator press release only.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-santa-clara-silicon-valley-campus-ca",
    "name": "Prime Santa Clara (Silicon Valley campus)",
    "operator": "Prime Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3666621,
      "lon": -121.9628653,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2215 Martin Avenue",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/locations/silicon-valley/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12437277166",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/12437277166",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Prime Data Centers operates 5 distinct addressed facilities in Santa Clara/Silicon Valley (SJC01 26415 Corporate Ave-operational, SJC02 1111 Comstock-powered shell, SJC03 2215 Martin-development, SJC04 1231 Comstock-development, SJC06 6580 Via del Oro-operational), confirmed via https://primedatacenters.com/locations/silicon-valley/ and corroborated by datacentermap.com/datacenters.com listings. This OSM candidate has no address to disambiguate which specific SJC0x site it is; kept as a generic corroborated Prime Santa Clara presence but should be geocoded against SJC0x addresses in a follow-up GIS pass rather than assumed distinct from the other two candidates below.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-smf02-sacramento-ca",
    "name": "Prime Data Centers SMF02",
    "operator": "Prime Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.671,
      "lon": -121.399,
      "city": "Sacramento",
      "county": "Sacramento",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 18
    },
    "poweredBy": "Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) grid",
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-11",
        "note": "Initial Sacramento campus announced; SMF01 (8MW at 2407 AK Street) went operational January 14, 2020 and is fully leased"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Prime Data Centers broke ground on SMF02 on May 7, 2026; Clune Construction as general contractor",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-second-sacramento-data-center-expanding-regional-campus-footprint/",
        "label": "Prime Data Centers Breaks Ground on Second Sacramento Data Center, Expanding Regional Campus Footprint",
        "publisher": "Prime Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prime-breaks-ground-on-latest-data-center-in-sacramento-california/",
        "label": "Prime Breaks Ground on Latest Data Center in Sacramento, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Address: 2408 AK Street, McClellan Park, Sacramento, CA 95652. Coordinates approximate (McClellan Business Park). Adjacent to operational SMF01 (8MW at 2407 AK Street). Combined campus: 26MW across 215,000 sq ft on 8.6 acres. Marketed for hyperscale and AI-ready deployments. Certifications: ISO 27001, SOC 2 Type 2.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD)"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop water recirculation system reduces consumption vs. traditional evaporative systems. Water Restoration Certificates procured at 120% of annual operating consumption."
    },
    "landAcres": 8.6,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 250,
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "prime-storage-powers-ferry-place-marietta-ga",
    "name": "1155 Powers Ferry Place Data Center (Prime Storage conversion)",
    "operator": "Prime Storage (Prime Group Holdings) — end user undisclosed",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.926145,
      "lon": -84.4857377,
      "city": "Marietta",
      "county": "Cobb",
      "street": "1155 Powers Ferry Place",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-12",
        "note": "Marietta City Council approved the rezoning to convert part of an existing self-storage building into an 18 MW data center, near I-75 and Delk Road.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/13/marietta-city-council-approves-zoning-second-data-center-heated-meeting/",
        "label": "Marietta City Council approves zoning for second data center in heated meeting",
        "publisher": "Atlanta News First",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://atlpresscollective.com/2026/07/08/powers-ferry-road-marietta-data-center/",
        "label": "Proposed data center on Powers Ferry Place in Marietta",
        "publisher": "Atlanta Press Collective",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "A retrofit of a portion of an existing ~90,000 sq ft Prime Storage building on roughly 11 acres, rather than new construction. Rezoning application filed 2026-05-19 and tabled in July before approval in August. Coordinates come from the geocoded street address.",
    "landAcres": 11,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Protesters at the August 2026 council meeting raised noise and pollution concerns, particularly for nearby Rottenwood Creek; the council attached monitoring and independent sound-study conditions.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "primeblock-murphy-cherokee-county-nc",
    "name": "PrimeBlock Murphy Bitcoin Mine (Harshaw Road)",
    "operator": "PrimeBlock",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0756,
      "lon": -84.0235,
      "city": "Murphy",
      "county": "Cherokee",
      "street": "Harshaw Road",
      "postalCode": "28906",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Mine built in 2021 in a former cornfield off Harshaw Road outside Murphy; shipping-container-housed miners with large cooling fans.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/politics/2024-01-19/murphy-noise-cryptomining-north-carolina-western-regulations",
        "label": "In Murphy, North Carolina's western-most town, cryptomining noise prompts new regulations",
        "publisher": "WUNC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wunc.org/2026-04-10/cherokee-county-residents-were-upset-about-crypto-mines-then-came-ai",
        "label": "Cherokee County residents were upset about crypto mines — then came AI",
        "publisher": "WUNC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Operator named as PrimeBlock in WUNC's 2024 reporting; current ownership has not been separately confirmed and may have changed. No site-level MW figure is published — the ~110 MW figure sometimes cited is PrimeBlock's company-wide installed capacity across multiple states and must not be attributed to this site. Distinct from the tracked Core Scientific Marble site elsewhere in Cherokee County.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Neighbors describe a constant hum audible up to a mile away; residents say the operation arrived with no notice. Cherokee County pursued targeted land-use ordinances after a proposed noise ordinance failed; a commissioner said the Harshaw Road operation had not paid taxes in two years and faces foreclosure if that continues.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "air",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "prince-william-digital-gateway-va",
    "name": "Prince William Digital Gateway",
    "operator": "QTS / Compass Datacenters",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.8,
      "lon": -77.68,
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2021",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021-01",
        "note": "QTS and Compass proposed 2,100-acre, 37-data-center campus adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park along Pageland Lane corridor",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-12",
        "note": "County Board of Supervisors narrowly approved rezoning in marathon 27-hour session; incoming supervisors had not yet taken office; rezoning later challenged in court",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "QTS withdrew Virginia Supreme Court appeal July 2, 2026 after Court of Appeals unanimously halted project March 2026. Circuit court had voided rezoning August 2024 citing inadequate public notice under Va. Code § 15.2-2204. Project officially terminated.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2026/07/digital-gateway-data-center-project-dies-after-final-developer-withdraws-appeal/",
        "label": "Digital Gateway data center project dies after final developer withdraws appeal",
        "publisher": "WTOP News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/officials-in-virginias-prince-william-county-drop-support-for-qtscompass-digital-gateway-data-center-project/",
        "label": "Officials in Prince William County drop support for QTS/Compass Digital Gateway data center project",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/21437363/prince-william-digital-gateway",
        "label": "Data Center Frontier — PW Digital Gateway Advances as Prince William Supervisors Back Massive Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insidenova.com/news/prince_william/updated-developer-to-end-appeal-in-digital-gateway-data-center-case-putting-the-massive-project/article_d17048b9-8d0a-47ad-aeec-1cbd02f73f47.html",
        "label": "InsideNoVa — Digital Gateway data center developer to end appeal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Would have been largest data center campus in the world at over 22 million sq ft across approximately 2,000-2,100 acres (per WTOP). Cancellation is landmark precedent on Virginia public-notice requirements. Coordinates are approximate for Pageland Lane corridor. Re-checked 2026-09-10: the record is accurate and current. QTS's July 2, 2026 Virginia Supreme Court petition withdrawal (by GW Acquisition Co., LLC and GW Acquisition Co. I, LLC) is correctly reflected in statusHistory; no further developments found since.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy / NOVEC",
      "notes": "Grid-only. Data Center Frontier reporting states the project depends on Dominion Energy grid power, with Dominion planning new substations and a new 230kV transmission line (Dave's Store substation to a NOVEC substation near Wellington/Rollins Ford roads) to serve NOVEC's territory."
    },
    "landAcres": 2100,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Extensive community opposition over proximity to Manassas National Battlefield and loss of rural character. State courts voided rezoning. County spent over $1.7M in taxpayer funds supporting developers before dropping appeal in April 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "priseda-prosperity-drive-silver-spring-md",
    "name": "12401 Prosperity Drive Data Center",
    "operator": "Sansone Group / Priseda",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.058994201626,
      "lon": -76.965681665201,
      "city": "Silver Spring",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "street": "12401 Prosperity Drive",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 35.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.pdcproperty-silverspring.com/",
        "label": "12401 Prosperity Drive Data Center - Property Site",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rebusinessonline.com/sansone-group-priseda-acquire-214000-sf-data-center-in-metro-d-c/",
        "label": "Sansone Group, Priseda Acquire 214,000 SF Data Center in Metro D.C.",
        "publisher": "REBusinessOnline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates confirmed via US Census geocoder (exact match on 12401 Prosperity Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904; county is Montgomery per standard MD zip-to-county geography, not stated by either source). This is a previously-existing colocation facility (built 2009; operated historically as ByteGrid MDC1/MDC2 and later as Lincoln Rackhouse, brand retired 2024) acquired by a Sansone Group / Priseda partnership in an off-market deal reported at $28.8M (RE Business Online, announced Aug 2025); Priseda is both co-owner and operator. The property's own site states a 214,000 SF 'ultra secure' facility with ~50,000 SF of data hall available for lease and a phased power build-out to '35.2 MW gross by end of 2027' -- recorded as capacityMw.planned since that figure is the forward target, not a confirmed current operational total (no source fetched this run states the pre-upgrade operational MW). aiClassification omitted: no source names AI/GPU/HPC use at this site. Distinct from and not to be confused with the existing ainet-cybernap-glen-burnie-md record (different operator, different county).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prism-on3-nutley-data-center-nj",
    "name": "ON3 Data Center (275 Kingsland Street)",
    "operator": "Prism Capital Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8300104,
      "lon": -74.1535977,
      "city": "Nutley",
      "county": "Essex",
      "street": "275 Kingsland Street",
      "postalCode": "07110",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-09",
        "note": "Township of Nutley approved an ON3 redevelopment plan permitting a major data center on the 11-acre parcel.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://prismpartners.net/news/press-release/prism-capital-partners-secures-three-key-redevelopment-plan-approvals-for-on3-solidifying-campus-live-work-play-future/",
        "label": "Prism Capital Partners press release, 'Prism Capital Partners Secures Three Key Redevelopment Plan Approvals for ON3', 9 July 2025",
        "publisher": "Prism Capital Partners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://patch.com/new-jersey/belleville/major-data-center-may-be-coming-on3-site-nutley-other-updates-announced",
        "label": "'Major Data Center May Be Coming To ON3 Site In Nutley' — Belleville Patch, 21 July 2025",
        "publisher": "Patch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=275+Kingsland+Street,+Nutley,+New+Jersey&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=5",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap address point for 275 Kingsland Street, Nutley NJ 07110, via Nominatim",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Nutley approved a redevelopment plan for 11 acres at 275 Kingsland Street, at the intersection with Cathedral Avenue, that 'can accommodate a major data center and other permitted uses'. The site is part of the 116-acre ON3 campus, the former Hoffmann-La Roche North American headquarters acquired by Prism in 2016; the parcel previously carried a truck-depot proposal that was withdrawn after community objections. No site plan application, end operator or megawatt figure has been made public, so capacityMw is omitted.",
    "landAcres": 11,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-altair-newberry-county-sc",
    "name": "Project Altair (Mid-Carolina Commerce Park II)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed developer (Project Altair)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.2098669,
      "lon": -81.5338576,
      "city": "Prosperity",
      "county": "Newberry",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-15",
        "note": "Newberry County held a public hearing on an ordinance to enter an option and purchase agreement with 'Project Altair' for remaining acreage in Mid-Carolina Commerce Park II; the developer intended to lease to a data center tenant building several buildings. Santee Cooper was conducting an electrical grid capacity study for the area.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06-03",
        "note": "Newberry County Council voted unanimously to deny the land-sale ordinance at third reading, reversing the first two readings, and then moved to a 12-month moratorium on accepting new data center permits.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newberrycounty.gov/news/newberry-county-governments-statement-data-centers",
        "label": "Newberry County Government's Statement on Data Centers (Project Altair / Ordinance 03-01-2026)",
        "publisher": "Newberry County, South Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wistv.com/2026/06/03/moratorium-data-centers-put-effect-after-newberry-county-residents-raise-concerns/",
        "label": "Moratorium on data centers put in effect after Newberry County residents raise concerns",
        "publisher": "WIS News 10",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Prosperity%2C+Newberry+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Prosperity, Newberry County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "The end tenant and the developer were never named publicly; 'Project Altair' is the county's code name. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Prosperity, SC — Mid-Carolina Commerce Park II did not resolve in OSM. Recorded as cancelled because the enabling land-sale ordinance was denied and a 12-month county moratorium followed. Re-checked 2026-09-10: 'cancelled' status remains accurate and is now more strongly confirmed. Newberry County Council unanimously voted to DENY the land-sale ordinance in June 2026, then on 2026-07-15 confirmed a 12-month moratorium on accepting any new data-center permits countywide.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents at a packed public hearing objected over water-supply strain, electric-rate increases, industrial noise and loss of the county's rural/agricultural character.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-boulder-colleton-county-sc",
    "name": "Project Boulder",
    "operator": "Eagle Rock Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.7,
      "lon": -80.62,
      "county": "Colleton",
      "street": "Cooks Hill Road",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://scdailygazette.com/2025/12/19/gigawatt-data-center-proposal-draws-opposition-from-sc-lowcountry-residents-politicians/",
        "label": "Gigawatt data center proposal draws opposition from SC Lowcountry residents, politicians",
        "publisher": "SC Daily Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/gigawatt-data-center-proposal-draws-212106926.html",
        "label": "News From The States (Yahoo mirror) — Gigawatt data center proposal draws opposition from SC Lowcountry residents, politicians",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/pay-run-colleton-county-data-130030844.html",
        "label": "Who will pay to run the Colleton County data center?",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.scelp.org/news/colleton-data-center",
        "label": "Proposed Data Center Campus in Colleton County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Near the ACE Basin (Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto estuary). Would be South Carolina's first gigawatt-scale data center if built; speculative, no named tenant. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy South Carolina",
      "notes": "Grid-delivered, tied to a specific but unbuilt regional gas plant — not on-site/behind-the-meter generation."
    },
    "landAcres": 860,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Facing zoning-appeals opposition and a county moratorium reconsideration.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-cannoli-van-buren-township-wayne-county-mi",
    "name": "Project Cannoli",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.23,
      "lon": -83.44,
      "city": "Van Buren Township",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/06/whitmer-data-center-backlash-2026-election/",
        "label": "Van Buren Township OKs Google data center substation",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vbtmi.gov/departments/municipal_services/data_center_faq.php",
        "label": "Van Buren Township — Data Center FAQ",
        "publisher": "Charter Township of Van Buren, Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/van-buren-township-officials-consider-030235640.html",
        "label": "Van Buren Township officials to consider final site plan for Google data center",
        "publisher": "Detroit Free Press via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/09/google-dte-van-buren-data-center-contracts/",
        "label": "Google, DTE Van Buren data center contracts: 20-year special contracts before the MPSC, decision requested by September 10, 2026",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Google confirmed evaluating the site. Coordinates are approximate. Developer: Panattoni Development Co. Status re-check, NO change: only PRELIMINARY site plan approval has been granted (February 2026, already before the record's 2026-08-08 basis). The final site plan vote is still pending, so the record correctly remains 'proposed'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "DTE Energy",
      "notes": "~1GW need per a DTE utility deal (450MW storage + 1.6GW renewables). $125M in local tax reduction in exchange for $15.4M developer-funded infrastructure + 51 jobs."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Reported to potentially consume up to 3.6 million gallons of water daily."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Local tax abatement approved by Van Buren Township",
        "amountUsd": 125000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Charter Township of Van Buren, Michigan",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 282,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Planning commission gave preliminary approval (Feb 2026) for a substation/switching station; full Board of Trustees approval still pending. 1,900+ residents signed a petition opposing the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-cardinal-yorkville-il",
    "name": "Project Cardinal Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Pioneer Development LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7,
      "lon": -88.461,
      "city": "Yorkville",
      "county": "Kendall",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1800
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Pioneer Development LLC submitted annexation, rezoning, and utility applications to City of Yorkville for 1,037-acre, 14-building campus",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Yorkville City Council approved annexation, rezoning, utility, and infrastructure agreements 12:51 a.m. March 11 after nearly 6-hour meeting; air-cooled design with daily water use capped at approximately 42,500 gpd",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/906/Project-Cardinal-Data-Center-Campus-Anne",
        "label": "Project Cardinal Data Center Campus — City of Yorkville official permit page",
        "publisher": "City of Yorkville, IL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/03/12/yorkville-data-center-approval-comes-after-nearly-6-hour-contentious-city-council-meeting/",
        "label": "Yorkville data center approval after nearly 6-hour contentious City Council meeting",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Kendall County Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/04/29/yorkville-residents-file-lawsuit-against-the-city-to-halt-the-1034-acre-project-cardinal-data-center/",
        "label": "Yorkville residents file lawsuit to halt Project Cardinal data center",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Kendall County Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkvilleherald.com/articles/yorkville-council-to-consider-settlement-in-project-cardinal-lawsuit",
        "label": "Yorkville council to consider settlement in Project Cardinal lawsuit",
        "publisher": "Yorkville Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://poweredbywho.com/stories/illinois-data-center-boom-2026",
        "label": "Illinois Data Center Boom: $20B+ Approved in Two Weeks",
        "publisher": "PoweredByWho",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/illinois-town-approved-could-state-184426082.html",
        "label": "Which Illinois town approved what could be the state's largest data center?",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate NW of IL Rt 47 and Galena Rd in Yorkville; exact parcel spans ~1,037 acres. 14 two-story buildings at 17 million sq ft total. No confirmed hyperscale tenant named. Companion project 'Project Steel' (Prologis, 540 acres, 24 buildings) also approved in same Yorkville corridor. First data center operational target: 2029.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "Served by a ComEd substation off Eldamain Road; full power allocation still pending ComEd approval. The annexation agreement prohibits on-site nuclear generation. No confirmed on-site generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.0425,
      "notes": "Air-cooled closed-loop system uses ~42,500 gallons/day (Shaw Local, 2026-03-12), revised down from an original 350,000 gpd proposal; \"no municipal water will be used for cooling.\""
    },
    "landAcres": 1037,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Two active lawsuits as of July 2026. (1) John Bryan (filed Oct 28, 2025): a conditional settlement was before the June 23, 2026 City Council — terms limited to a phasing-order revision (NE-SE-W instead of NE-W-SE), no monetary payment to Bryan. (2) Preserve Our Yorkville & Community LLC (filed April 2026): broader suit alleging inadequate annexation/rezoning notice and deviation from the 2016 Comprehensive Plan; still ongoing as of June 30, 2026. Pioneer Development also sought an 18-month extension (to Dec 31, 2027) to close on all parcels — failure voids the annexation agreement. A $51M developer impact-fee package flows FROM the developer TO the city (schools/fire/projects), not a subsidy; no DCEO certification found and Illinois paused its Data Center Investment Program on July 1, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-delta-walnut-cove-nc",
    "name": "Project Delta Data Center – Stokes County",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (rezoning applicant: Engineered Land Solutions)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.282,
      "lon": -80.1494,
      "city": "Walnut Cove",
      "county": "Stokes",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Engineered Land Solutions submitted rezoning application for 1,800 acres from agricultural/farm use to heavy industrial/commercial near Dan River and Belews Creek Coal Plant"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Stokes County Board of Commissioners approved rezoning 3-2 despite opposition from county Planning Board and residents",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-13",
        "note": "Lawsuit filed in Stokes County Superior Court by SCSJ and SELC seeking to invalidate rezoning",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-14",
        "note": "Stokes County Board of Commissioners voted to void January 12 rezoning and text amendment, citing statutory notice failures; project must restart via fully compliant new application",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2026/03/25/nc-communities-push-back-ai-data-centers-project-delta-lawsuit/",
        "label": "NC communities push back on AI data centers – Project Delta lawsuit",
        "publisher": "NC Health News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/project-profiles/walnut-cove-data-center-project-location-map-status-contractors-latest-updates",
        "label": "Walnut Cove Data Center Project Updates 2026",
        "publisher": "Blackridge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.theassemblync.com/news/environment/data-center-rezoning-stokes-county/",
        "label": "Lawsuit challenges Stokes County data-center rezoning",
        "publisher": "The Assembly NC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2026/01/12/stokes-county-proposed-data-center-creates-backlash",
        "label": "Stokes County proposed data center creates backlash",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News NC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Site on US Highway 311 and Tuttle Road near Belews Creek Coal Plant on Dan River. End operator/tenant not publicly identified; rezoning approved for unidentified operator per lawsuit. Rezoning voided April 14, 2026 after court challenge over statutory notice failures. Developer ELS plans to resubmit. Capacity and investment not disclosed. Coordinates are Walnut Cove city centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Duke Energy (Belews Creek proximity; no confirmed interconnection)",
      "notes": "Developer plans temporary on-site natural-gas generators until a Duke Energy grid connection becomes feasible; no confirmed interconnection agreement found. Environmental groups flagged methane/CO2 from continuous generator use."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer estimates 50,000-100,000 gal/day (0.05-0.10 MGD) via a closed-loop system, sourced from municipal supply (not the Dan River) — a range, so no numeric MGD."
    },
    "landAcres": 1800,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Lawsuit filed March 13, 2026 in Stokes County Superior Court by Southern Coalition for Social Justice and Southern Environmental Law Center, representing National Hairston Clan, CleanAIRE NC, Dan River Basin Association, 7 Directions of Service, and local residents. Rezoning challenged as lacking procedural safeguards required by NC law. Stokes County Board of Commissioners voted April 14, 2026 to void the January 12 rezoning and text amendment, acknowledging statutory notice failures. Developer ELS expressed intent to resubmit a compliant application; lawsuit remains pending.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-gravity-archbald-lackawanna-county-pa",
    "name": "Project Gravity",
    "operator": "Archbald 25 Developer LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5,
      "lon": -75.55,
      "city": "Archbald",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvia.org/news/local/2026-01-08/no-tenant-yet-archbald-data-center-developer-answers-questions-about-project-applications-at-dep-meeting",
        "label": "No tenant yet: Archbald data center developer answers questions about project applications",
        "publisher": "WVIA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/plans-filed-for-16-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-in-northeast-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Plans filed for 1.6 million sq ft data center campus in northeast Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.desmog.com/2026/03/11/data-centers-are-poised-to-engulf-a-pennsylvania-town/",
        "label": "DeSmog — \"Data centers are poised to engulf a Pennsylvania town\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "186 acres, Business Route 6 / Eynon Jermyn Rd. Developer formerly known as Western Hospitality Partners - Jermyn LLC. Up to 6 two-story buildings, 135,000 sq ft each. No tenant signed as of January 2026; removed from PA's Permit Fast Track program May 2026; still awaiting final land development approval. One of three competing, previously-untracked proposals in an emerging Lackawanna County cluster (see also Wildcat Ridge and Triboro Industrial Park, both added this session). Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 186,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Swept into Archbald Borough's Nov 24, 2025 rezoning vote, which passed narrowly (4 for, 2 against, 1 abstain) amid audience opposition; separately drew sustained resident concern (tenant uncertainty, water/wetlands, emissions) from 100+ attendees at a Jan 2026 state DEP permit meeting.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-hazelnut-hazle-township-pa",
    "name": "Project Hazelnut",
    "operator": "NorthPoint Development (NP Hazleton Holdings 1 LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.985,
      "lon": -75.955,
      "city": "Hazle Township",
      "county": "Luzerne",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Hazle Township denied NorthPoint's land development application for the 15-building, ~1,283-acre campus; NorthPoint appealed in Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas and created a $30M fund to offset potential resident utility-rate impacts during the appeal.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Hazle Township passed a 6-month moratorium/curative amendment pausing data center development.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/northpoint-proposes-15-building-1280-acre-data-center-campus-in-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Northpoint proposes 15-building, 1,280-acre data center campus in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2026/06/09/hazle-township-pa-pauses-data-center-development-for-six-months/",
        "label": "Hazle Township, PA Pauses Data Center Development for Six Months",
        "publisher": "Food & Water Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.psdispatch.com/news/103461/hazle-township-data-center-developer-announces-community-development-package",
        "label": "Hazle Township data center developer announces community development package",
        "publisher": "The Sunday Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://poweredbywho.com/projects/project-hazelnut-hazle-twp-denied-on-appeal-525adf43",
        "label": "Project Hazelnut (Hazle Twp - Denied, On Appeal)",
        "publisher": "PoweredByWho",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://projecthazelnut.com/",
        "label": "Project Hazelnut - official project site",
        "publisher": "NorthPoint Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvia.org/news/local/2026-02-18/residents-raise-questions-as-developer-describes-hazle-twp-data-center-plans-at-dep-hearing",
        "label": "Residents raise questions as developer describes Hazle Twp. data center plans at DEP hearing",
        "publisher": "WVIA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Site: Humboldt North Industrial Park, Hazle Township, Luzerne County PA (within a larger ~3,000-acre industrial park); a few miles from Amazon's nuclear-adjacent data center campus (acquired from Talen Energy) - proximity only, AWS is NOT a confirmed tenant/operator for Project Hazelnut; NorthPoint's own project site names no end-tenant, describing this as a speculative build. Phased: Phase 1 (5 buildings) to begin Q4 2026, Phase 2 (3 buildings) Q1 2028, Phase 3 (7 buildings) Q2 2029. Developer projects ~900-1,300 construction jobs and ~900-950 permanent jobs ($50K-$158K salary range) - not yet delivered, so omitted from the jobs field; similarly $13.47M in projected county tax revenue over 20 years is a projection, not a subsidy. First surfaced publicly in connection with PA's Permit Fast Track Program (Executive Order 2024-04). NorthPoint's own site explicitly frames this as a general 'data center campus' supporting 'cloud platforms, digital payments, streaming, and healthcare systems' - no AI-specific language found; classified 'mixed_use' given hyperscale-tier campus scale makes AI workloads plausible even absent explicit branding.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "At a February 2026 DEP hearing the developer described a maximum of 2.8 million gallons of treated wastewater from the Greater Hazleton Joint Sewer Authority, with domestic water supplied via CAN DO, which serves the Humboldt industrial parks; the campus's water usage was said to be able to reduce Black Creek by 5.5%. The source does not state an averaging period for the 2.8 million gallon figure, so no reportedMgd rate is recorded here."
    },
    "landAcres": 1283,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Hazle Township denied NorthPoint's land development application; NorthPoint is appealing in Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas and created a $30M fund to offset potential short-term utility rate increases for residents during the appeal. Separately, NorthPoint committed to a $165M Community Benefit Fund: $45M Direct Resident Grant Fund ($10,000 grants to eligible households), $15M Community Support Fund (education/workforce training/arts/recreation/youth), and a $105M long-term commitment ($7M/year for 15 years) toward a new local police department and reduced trash fees. A judge reportedly rebuked NorthPoint's appeal effort. Hazle Township subsequently passed a 6-month moratorium/curative amendment; PA state Sen. Katie Muth has filed a statewide 3-year data center moratorium bill.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-oak-walt-sanders-road-coweta-ga",
    "name": "Project Oak Data Center (Walt Sanders Road)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed developer",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4330945,
      "lon": -84.7301816,
      "city": "Newnan",
      "county": "Coweta",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09",
        "note": "The Coweta County Board of Commissioners unanimously denied the rezoning application to allow data center use on the Walt Sanders Road industrial property. County procedure requires a six-month wait before reapplying.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/news/project-oak-data-center-denied-by-commissioners/article_76db6b0a-615b-48e6-aacd-5042bdd0f401.html",
        "label": "Project Oak data center denied by commissioners",
        "publisher": "Newnan Times-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/data_center/where-cowetas-five-proposed-data-centers-stand/article_55ee204a-0e00-43e4-9ad1-78c92b679d06.html",
        "label": "Where Coweta's five proposed data centers stand",
        "publisher": "Newnan Times-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "The site remains zoned industrial with pre-existing conditions limiting it to office/warehouse use of no more than approximately 2.1 million sq ft; the denied application sought to add data center use and enlarge the permitted footprint. Six buildings totalling roughly 895,530 sq ft were proposed. Coordinates are approximate to Walt Sanders Road.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.028,
      "notes": "The application stated approximately 28,000 gallons per day."
    },
    "landAcres": 255,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Coweta County received 121 letters of opposition from 112 individuals and none in support; the denial drew applause from a standing-room-only crowd.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-river-data-center-bradley-county-tn",
    "name": "Project River Data Center",
    "operator": "Wright Brothers Construction",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.3314339,
      "lon": -84.8686025,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Bradley",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Project River Energy Campus",
    "announcedDate": "2026-08",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://projectriver.energy/",
        "label": "Project River — An Industrial Energy Campus That Supplies Itself",
        "publisher": "Wright Brothers Construction",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chattanoogan.com/2026/8/26/522510/Proponents-Of-Bradley-County-Project.aspx",
        "label": "Proponents Of Bradley County Project With Large-Scale Data Center Cite Tax Benefits",
        "publisher": "Chattanoogan.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newschannel9.com/news/local/bradley-county-family-proposes-113b-data-center-project-west-of-cleveland-project-river-wright-brothers-lower-river-road-forestry-jobs-utility-bills-opposition-environmental-concerns-noise-concerns-data-center-issues-midterms-political-liability-growth",
        "label": "$11.3B data center pitch in Bradley County comes amid growing local skepticism",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 9 / WTVC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "THE DATA-CENTER TENANT IS NOT CONFIRMED. Wright Brothers Construction CEO Mitchell Simpson told Mix 104.1 WCLE on 2026-08-26 that the power plant is certain but its offtaker is not: \"We definitely know we're developing a power plant... We don't know what it's going to power yet... It potentially could be a data center, but it very well could be something else,\" naming advanced manufacturing, robotics and semiconductor manufacturing as alternatives, before adding that with that much power \"it's very likely going to be that.\" The company's own 2026-08-26 release describes the campus as \"anchored by an on-site power plant and data center.\" Recorded at confidence 'reported' for that reason. Roughly 850 acres of privately-owned Wright family land west of I-75 and north of Old Lower River Road NW, along the Hiwassee River in northern Bradley County near I-75 Exit 33, submitted for rezoning and annexation into the City of Cleveland on 2026-08-25. The $11.3bn headline is the whole campus; $7.3bn is the data-center portion as itemised in press coverage. Groundbreaking is not expected until end of 2027 and the build is phased over 60 months. Coordinates are a geocode of Lower River Road NW, not the parcel; no source states lat/lon. No state or local incentive agreement is named in any of the three sources.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 1500,
      "notes": "Powered behind the meter by the co-located Project River energy campus (500 MW biomass plus 1,000 MW natural gas), with a requested 360 MW TVA interconnection for backup and peaking only. Developers say no diesel generators."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The developer states the campus makes its own water by recovering moisture as biomass dries, running on a closed loop, and says it recovers enough clean water annually to supply both the power plant and the anchor tenant with no day-to-day draw on the municipal system. CEO Mitchell Simpson told Mix 104.1 WCLE the biomass process yields 200 gallons per minute of usable internal water for cooling loops and that the plant needs no river intake or discharge pipes. Classified closed_loop on the recirculating-circuit rule; the sources do not state the heat-rejection equipment."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 7300000000,
    "landAcres": 850,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 525,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents packed a Cleveland Planning Commission meeting in August 2026 over a separate, nearly-400-acre Wright Brothers proposal, with much of the concern centred on fears a data center could be developed there. Neighbouring business owner Ryan Kertesz of B & B Marina told WTVC he has worries about effects on wildlife. Bradley County Mayor Gary Davis said publicly he was told of the announcement only as a courtesy and was not involved in developing or negotiating the project. Two public information forums were scheduled at the PIE Center for 2026-09-01 and 2026-09-12.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-river-energy-campus-bradley-county-tn",
    "name": "Project River Energy Campus",
    "operator": "Wright Brothers Construction",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.3314339,
      "lon": -84.8686025,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Bradley",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://projectriver.energy/",
        "label": "Project River — An Industrial Energy Campus That Supplies Itself",
        "publisher": "Wright Brothers Construction",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chattanoogan.com/2026/8/26/522510/Proponents-Of-Bradley-County-Project.aspx",
        "label": "Proponents Of Bradley County Project With Large-Scale Data Center Cite Tax Benefits",
        "publisher": "Chattanoogan.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newschannel9.com/news/local/bradley-county-family-proposes-113b-data-center-project-west-of-cleveland-project-river-wright-brothers-lower-river-road-forestry-jobs-utility-bills-opposition-environmental-concerns-noise-concerns-data-center-issues-midterms-political-liability-growth",
        "label": "$11.3B data center pitch in Bradley County comes amid growing local skepticism",
        "publisher": "NewsChannel 9 / WTVC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "The generation half of Project River, recorded separately because the developer states the power plant is the certain element and its offtaker is not yet chosen. Investment split as itemised in press coverage of the $11.3bn total: $7.3bn data center, $1.5bn natural gas generation, $1.25bn biomass and pyrolysis, $750m grid interconnect and balance of plant, $500m site/civil/buildings; Chattanoogan reports the behind-the-meter generation facility as a $4bn component, and that $4bn figure is what is recorded here rather than a sum computed from the itemisation. Jobs recorded as 250 power generation plus 125 biomass handling from the developer's own site; a further 1,700 indirect regional forestry jobs are claimed and are deliberately not recorded as permanent on-site jobs. The biomass feedstock is framed as surplus timber previously taken by paper mills such as Resolute Forest Products.",
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 850,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 375,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents packed a Cleveland Planning Commission meeting in August 2026 over a separate, nearly-400-acre Wright Brothers proposal, with much of the concern centred on fears a data center could be developed there. Neighbouring business owner Ryan Kertesz of B & B Marina told WTVC he has worries about effects on wildlife. Bradley County Mayor Gary Davis said publicly he was told of the announcement only as a courtesy and was not involved in developing or negotiating the project. Two public information forums were scheduled at the PIE Center for 2026-09-01 and 2026-09-12.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "offtaker": "undetermined",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "project-river-data-center-bradley-county-tn"
      ],
      "notes": "MIXED FUEL, not representable by the technology enum: a 500 MW biomass plant burning locally grown southern pine plus natural gas plants totalling about 1,000 MW, so 'other' is recorded rather than 'natural_gas'. All of it is behind the meter. Developers plan to apply late in the project for a 360 MW TVA interconnection for backup and peaking, not primary supply, and say any required TVA grid upgrades will be paid upfront by the project. No diesel generators. The offtaker had not been chosen as of 2026-08-26 — the CEO said a data center is likely but not certain — so 'undetermined' is recorded rather than a company name."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "project-ruby-upatoi-muscogee-ga",
    "name": "Project Ruby (Upatoi Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed end user (site pursued by Choose Columbus / Development Authority of Columbus)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5487503,
      "lon": -84.7399283,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Muscogee",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-16",
        "note": "Columbus Council voted 6-2 to create a technology overlay district in the Unified Development Ordinance. A separate rezoning request for the site has not been submitted, and a DRI review is still required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/columbus-council-votes-rules-allow-144112000.html",
        "label": "Columbus Council votes on rules to allow any hyperscale data center in Muscogee County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "865 acres in northeast Muscogee County (Upatoi), $5.18 billion, 600 MW — a draw exceeding current power usage for all of Columbus. Columbus Water Works is named as the treated-water supplier. The overlay-district vote is a zoning tool, not project approval. Coordinates are approximate to Upatoi.",
    "investmentUsd": 5180000000,
    "landAcres": 865,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "About 5,000 residents signed an online petition against the project, citing environmental, property-value, health and safety concerns; the council vote creating the overlay district was 6-2.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-shirley-eagle-creek-township-lake-county-in",
    "name": "Project Shirley",
    "operator": "Sentinel Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.31,
      "lon": -87.3,
      "city": "Eagle Creek Township",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/in-indiana-an-anatomy-of-data-center-opposition/",
        "label": "In Indiana, an anatomy of data center opposition",
        "publisher": "Latitude Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-09",
    "notes": "Unincorporated, SR-2/Clay St. 4 buildings across 160 largely agricultural acres. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NIPSCO (via GenCo subsidiary)"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 160,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Rezoning vote postponed to May 2026; Board of Zoning Appeals final permitting still required. Significant local opposition.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-tango-loxahatchee-fl",
    "name": "Project Tango AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "PBA Holdings (end tenant undisclosed)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 26.6284,
      "lon": -80.39,
      "city": "Loxahatchee",
      "county": "Palm Beach",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Florida Power and Light (adjacent to West County Energy Center, 3,750 MW)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Palm Beach County Zoning Commission recommended approval of revised 3.7M sq ft campus application",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-10",
        "note": "County commissioners voted 7-0 to postpone decision after hours of public opposition; additional impact studies required",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Second postponement at developer's request; vote rescheduled to July 15, 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07-16",
        "note": "Palm Beach County Board of County Commissioners denied the Project Tango hyperscale-data-center development-order amendment on a 5-1 vote on 2026-07-16, after a 12-hour hearing with overflow crowds. A smaller data-center use (~206,000 sq ft, alongside ~1.8M sq ft of warehouse) remains approved under the 2016 Central Park Commerce Center zoning at the 202-acre site (20125 Southern Blvd), where construction continues under that prior approval.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/37-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-gets-initial-ok-from-officials-in-florida/",
        "label": "3.7 million sq ft data center campus gets initial OK from officials in Florida",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wlrn.org/government-politics/2025-12-10/project-tango-ai-data-center-palm-beach-county",
        "label": "Palm Beach County postpones 200-acre Project Tango AI data center after community outrage",
        "publisher": "WLRN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wlrn.org/government-politics/2026-07-16/project-tango-ai-data-center-palm-beach-rejected",
        "label": "'Not compatible': Palm Beach County rejects controversial Project Tango AI data center",
        "publisher": "WLRN",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "202 acres on Southern Boulevard, approximately 3.7 miles west of Seminole Pratt Whitney Road, Loxahatchee. Phillips Inc. and TPA Group involved in development under PBA Holdings. Original 2016 zoning covered 206,000 sq ft; current application for 1.79M sq ft data center plus 1.9M sq ft warehouse. MW capacity not disclosed. End user likely a major hyperscaler but not publicly identified. Coordinates are approximate site location. Re-checked 2026-09-10: cancelled status confirmed. Palm Beach County commissioners denied the development order amendment 5-1 on 2026-07-15 ('without prejudice', meaning the developer could refile); a previously approved warehouse/data-center plan for the same site under the separate Central Park Commerce Center development remains in place.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Florida Power and Light",
      "notes": "Site directly adjacent to FPL West County Energy Center, one of the largest natural gas plants in the US at 3,750 MW"
    },
    "landAcres": 202,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Over 8,000 Change.org petition signatures opposing project. Earthjustice filed letter requesting BCC deny application. February 2026 town hall drew hundreds of residents. Commissioners postponed vote 7-0 in December 2025 requiring additional impact studies. Developer scaled project back from 3.7M to ~1M sq ft after outcry. Final BCC vote scheduled July 15, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-turbo-okelly-road-gainesville-ga",
    "name": "Project Turbo (Gainesville Data Center)",
    "operator": "Project Turbo, LLC (developer; end user undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.2246468,
      "lon": -83.783998,
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "county": "Hall",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09",
        "note": "Zoning request filed for a 119-acre site on O'Kelly Road; the applicant asked that commissioners defer discussion to the September 15 planning commission meeting.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/119-acre-data-center-proposed-152324626.html",
        "label": "119-acre data center proposed for Hall County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Three main buildings totalling about 900,000 sq ft plus an electrical substation, on a site currently used as an automotive salvage yard. Records submitted to the Georgia Department of Community Affairs put the value at $1.2 billion and projected annual tax revenue at $25 million. No megawatt figure has been disclosed. Coordinates are approximate to O'Kelly Road.",
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 119,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "project-west-lagrange-troup-ga",
    "name": "Project West (Troup County Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed data center developer (landowner Joshua Harrelson)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.039291,
      "lon": -85.0313269,
      "city": "LaGrange",
      "county": "Troup",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03-08",
        "note": "Development of Regional Impact filed for a six-building, 1.5 million sq ft campus on 513 acres of unincorporated Troup County, with a requested annexation into the City of LaGrange. Phases targeted for 2028, 2030 and 2033.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/news/business/massive-97-billion-data-center-proposed-in-troup-county/V7BUTU4FJ5GHRJDIN2XFJ4AWXM/",
        "label": "Massive $9.7 billion data center proposed in Troup County",
        "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Six buildings at 252,000 sq ft each, $9.7 billion over eight years, 600 MW, with its own substation and 570 projected jobs at an average of $80,000. This is a separate site from Google's LaGrange data center, which is at 411 Pegasus Parkway off I-85 and was announced in April 2026 by Google itself; the tracked google-lagrange-ga record covers that one. Coordinates are approximate to LaGrange.",
    "investmentUsd": 9700000000,
    "landAcres": 513,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 570,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-allen-township-northampton-pa",
    "name": "Prologis Allen Township Data Center (2500 Liberty Drive)",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7017264,
      "lon": -75.4801064,
      "city": "Allen Township",
      "county": "Northampton",
      "street": "2500 Liberty Drive",
      "postalCode": "18067",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Allen Township supervisors unanimously granted conditional use approval to convert the existing warehouse into a data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lehighvalleypublicmedia.org/northampton-county/allen-township-warehouse-could-become-lehigh-valleys-first-hyperscale-data-center",
        "label": "Allen Township warehouse could become Lehigh Valley's first hyperscale data center",
        "publisher": "Lehigh Valley Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Retrofit of an existing 1 million sq ft Prologis warehouse at 2500 Liberty Drive, about half a mile east of the Northampton borough line. The Lehigh Valley Planning Commission's comprehensive planning committee asked the developer for more information on operations, water and electricity use, cooling systems and emergency response plans before the full commission vote in April 2026. Coordinate is an OSM address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-mila-trenton-oh",
    "name": "Prologis Project Mila",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.48,
      "lon": -84.4638,
      "city": "Trenton",
      "county": "Butler",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Trenton planning commission unanimously approved Prologis 'Project Mila' (4 × 220k sq ft buildings + on-site substation) in March 2026; construction from fall 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prologis-details-plans-for-data-center-campus-outside-cincinnati-ohio/",
        "label": "Prologis details plans for data center campus outside Cincinnati, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.journal-news.com/local/what-to-know-about-trenton-s-proposed-data-center-tax-incentives/article_7b381512-adde-58f8-b35b-b43ca25051ef.html",
        "label": "Journal-News — \"What to know about Trenton's proposed data center tax incentives\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/butler-county/trenton/trenton-planning-commission-approves-data-center-site-plan-in-10-minute-meeting",
        "label": "WCPO — \"Trenton Planning Commission approves data center site plan in 10-minute meeting\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://stopohiodatacenters.org/butler-county",
        "label": "Stop Ohio Data Centers — Butler County / Project Mila tracker",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wyso.org/2026-07-09/trenton-approves-15-year-tax-abatement-for-data-center",
        "label": "WYSO — \"Trenton approves 15-year tax abatement for data center\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Project Mila in Trenton, Butler County (outside Cincinnati): four 220,000 sq ft single-story buildings (880k sq ft total) plus an on-site substation. Planning approved March 2026; construction from fall 2026. Estimated ~100-200 MW (not officially disclosed — omitted from capacity). Distinct from Prologis's Newnan, GA campus. Coordinates are the Trenton area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Ohio"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Community Reinvestment Area (CRA) — 15-year, 75% property-tax abatement on data-center building value",
        "jurisdiction": "Trenton, OH (Butler County)",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 233200000,
    "landAcres": 141,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 120,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Trenton Planning Commission approved the site plan in a ~10-minute meeting (Mar 30, 2026) taking no public questions despite ~30 residents expecting a hearing; a 500+-member opposition group (W.A.T.E.R.) is petitioning for a Butler County charter amendment to ban data centers over 25MW.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-project-sail-coweta-ga",
    "name": "Project Sail – Prologis Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3807,
      "lon": -84.7974,
      "city": "Newnan",
      "county": "Coweta",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 900
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "Prologis acquired site from original developer Atlas Development LLC; DRI review completed February 2024 for 200-acre precursor Pegasus proposal"
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-08",
        "note": "Coweta County Board of Commissioners approved rezoning 3-2 for 800+ acres along US-27 near Newnan",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-05-05",
        "note": "Coweta County residents filed appeal in Superior Court seeking to reverse rezoning decision",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/04/coweta-votes-to-turn-this-800-acre-forest-into-17b-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "$17B Project Sail data center project approved south of Atlanta",
        "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/05/11/coweta-residents-sue-to-block-project-sail-data-center/",
        "label": "Coweta Residents Sue to Block Project Sail Data Center",
        "publisher": "The Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cowetaprojectsail.com/coweta-lp/",
        "label": "Project Sail — developer project overview",
        "publisher": "Prologis / Atlas Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Nine buildings, 4.3 million sq ft. End tenant not publicly identified; project marketed to hyperscalers. Rezoning includes decommissioning and site restoration plan requirement if dormant over one year. Coordinates are Newnan city centroid; actual site is along US-27 southwest of Newnan. A developer-commissioned fiscal study modeled roughly $488M in county and school property-tax abatements over 18 years, but the Coweta County Development Authority reported no incentive negotiations had occurred as of January 2025; no confirmed incentive agreement or job count has been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Georgia Power is the service-territory utility for Coweta County; the site is adjacent to Georgia Power's Plant Yates, and the developer states the load was included in Georgia Power's 2025 Integrated Resource Plan. Reporting indicates Georgia Power was not yet under contract to serve the campus as of mid-2026. No on-site generation reported."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 6,
      "notes": "Expected to use 6 million gallons of water per day drawn from the Chattahoochee River"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 17000000000,
    "landAcres": 800,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Coweta County residents filed appeal in Coweta County Superior Court May 5, 2026 to reverse 3-2 rezoning vote. Separate eminent domain controversy: Georgia Power acquired easements on 330+ private properties for high-voltage transmission lines needed to serve new data centers.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-project-steel-yorkville-il",
    "name": "Project Steel Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.699,
      "lon": -88.484,
      "city": "Yorkville",
      "county": "Kendall",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Yorkville City Council approved annexation, rezoning from R-1 to M-2, and the preliminary/final PUD on 24 March 2026, with one dissenting vote.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/905/Project-Steel-Data-Center-Campus-Annex-A",
        "label": "Project Steel Data Center Campus (Annexation Agreement, Rezone, Preliminary PUD & PUD), case 2025-07",
        "publisher": "City of Yorkville, Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkvilleherald.com/articles/yorkville-city-council-approves-project-steel-data-center-amid-resident-opposition",
        "label": "Yorkville City Council Approves \"Project Steel\" Data Center Amid Resident Opposition",
        "publisher": "Yorkville Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Petitioner Prologis, L.P. as contract purchaser across 16 parcels totalling roughly 540 acres east of Eldamain Road between Corneils Road and Galena Road. Plans as revised in March 2026 call for 16 data center buildings totalling over 9 million sq ft plus three electrical substations, built in three phases over about 20 years, with first-phase construction anticipated in summer 2027. Power capacity has not been disclosed. Coordinates are the centre of the described parcel boundaries and are approximate.",
    "landAcres": 540,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-rue-ferrari-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Prologis 5853 Rue Ferrari",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.247993,
      "lon": -121.778138,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 49
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2022010266/2",
        "label": "5853 Rue Ferrari Project (CEQAnet record, SCH #2022010266)",
        "publisher": "California State Clearinghouse (CEQAnet)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/07/south-san-jose-warehouse-poised-to-become-49-megawatt-data-beast/",
        "label": "South San Jose warehouse poised to become 49-megawatt data center",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lowvoltagenation.com/posts/project-spotlight-san-jose-office-28e129",
        "label": "Low Voltage Nation — \"$25M San Jose R&D Facility\" project spotlight",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Site Development Permit Amendment converting an existing ~300,000 sq ft warehouse (Parcel #678-05-057, City file H21-006/HA21-006-01) into server-ready R&D space, adding backup generators, transformers, and evaporative cooling chillers. Approved Dec 10 2025 via a Mitigated Negative Declaration w/ Addendum (no significant environmental impacts found); Notice of Determination posted Dec 18 2025. No tenant named yet — next steps are leasing, tenant-improvement permits, and utility interconnection before server halls activate. 140 jobs projected (not delivered) — omitted from jobs numeric. Distinct from the already-tracked prologis-silver-creek-valley-san-jose-ca record and prologis-stem-park-zanker-road-san-jose-ca (this same batch) — different parcels.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 25000000,
    "landAcres": 17.4,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Approved by the City of San Jose Dec 10, 2025 via a streamlined CEQA Addendum to the existing Mitigated Negative Declaration (SCH #2022010266).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-shelbyville-in",
    "name": "Prologis Shelbyville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5214,
      "lon": -85.7769,
      "city": "Shelbyville",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-06",
        "note": "Shelbyville Common Council approved voluntary annexation and rezoning (amended Ordinance 26-3052), a fiscal plan and an economic development agreement, each 4-2-1.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.shelbyville.in.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/364",
        "label": "Shelbyville City Council Approves Annexation and Rezoning Request",
        "publisher": "City of Shelbyville, Indiana",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Roughly 429 acres near State Road 44 annexed into Shelbyville for a multi-phase development of up to eleven data center buildings, at an estimated $2 billion investment. No tenant has been identified.",
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 429,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-silver-creek-valley-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Prologis Silver Creek Valley Road Data Center",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.25,
      "lon": -121.79,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "5977 Silver Creek Valley Road",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 99
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-07",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prologis-files-to-build-99mw-data-center-in-san-jose-california/",
        "label": "Prologis files to build 99MW data center in San Jose, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sfyimby.com/2026/07/large-data-center-proposed-to-fill-vacant-site-at-5977-silver-creek-valley-road-in-san-jose.html",
        "label": "Large data center proposed to fill vacant site at 5977 Silver Creek Valley Road in San Jose",
        "publisher": "San Francisco YIMBY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "5977 Silver Creek Valley Road, South San Jose. Three-story facility, 516,000 sq ft. Permit filed July 2026; ~2-year buildout once approved. Prologis states it will self-fund substation/transmission costs. Distinct from Prologis's already-tracked Project Sail, Project Cardinal, and Project Mila entries. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "landAcres": 15,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-stem-park-zanker-road-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Prologis STEM Park",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.423,
      "lon": -121.943,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 396
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/400mw-prologis-data-center-campus-chosen-as-preferred-project-on-city-owned-land-in-san-jose-california/",
        "label": "400MW Prologis data center campus chosen as preferred project on city-owned land in San Jose, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sanjoseinside.com/news/prologis-inc-wins-bid-for-one-of-the-largest-economic-development-projects-in-south-bay/",
        "label": "Prologis Inc. Wins Bid for One of the Largest Economic Development Projects in South Bay",
        "publisher": "San José Inside",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://therealdeal.com/san-francisco/2025/11/10/prologis-favored-for-san-jose-data-center-site/",
        "label": "Prologis favored for San Jose data center site",
        "publisher": "The Real Deal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://insider.govtech.com/california/news/san-jose-eyes-30m-windfall-from-proposed-ai-and-manufacturing-campus",
        "label": "GovTech (Government Technology Insider) — \"San Jose Eyes $30M Windfall From Proposed AI and Manufacturing Campus\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "159-acre city-owned parcel at Hwy 237 & Zanker Road, North San Jose (bounded by Los Esteros Energy Center, Artesian Slough, Hwy 237, and the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center). Prologis selected as preferred developer by San Jose City Council (unanimous vote, Nov 18 2025) over Catellus-Deca and Trammell Crow proposals; CEQA review and ground-lease negotiation still pending as of source dates — not yet approved. 'STEM Park' = Sustainable Technology, Engineering and Manufacturing Park: four 99MW data-center buildings (1.68M sq ft total, capacityMw above) plus a separate ~785,000 sq ft / 100MW advanced-manufacturing component (not counted in capacityMw, different use). PG&E has committed initial 250MW via dual feed from the Los Esteros 230kV substation within 30-36 months. ~$25B investment widely reported (DCD et al.) but not confirmed directly by Prologis — omitted from investmentUsd. Projected 6,000+ jobs and $30M/yr city tax revenue are projections tied to a not-yet-approved project, not delivered counts — omitted from jobs numeric. A separate, already-tracked Prologis site (prologis-silver-creek-valley-san-jose-ca) and another new Prologis San Jose site (prologis-rue-ferrari-san-jose-ca, this same batch) are distinct parcels, not duplicates.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "landAcres": 159,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "San José City Council unanimously selected Prologis as preferred developer (Nov 2025); no organized opposition documented."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "prologis-washington-township-mi",
    "name": "Washington Township Technical Campus",
    "operator": "Prologis",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.80333473861,
      "lon": -82.980045064045,
      "city": "Washington",
      "county": "Macomb",
      "street": "South side of 32 Mile Road between M-53 and Powell Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Prologis submitted a conditional rezoning application for a technical campus and data center on 312 acres across four parcels, seeking an Industrial-Research-Technology district with a five-year reversion clause.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Prologis withdrew the rezoning application on 2026-05-19, stating it would wait until the township adopts a data-center ordinance before proceeding.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/05/washington-township-data-center-withdrawn/",
        "label": "Washington Township data center developer withdraws application",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "312 acres on the south side of 32 Mile Road between M-53 and Powell Road, spanning four parcels near Romeo State Airport and the former Romeo Ford plant. Status 'cancelled' reflects the withdrawn application; the company's attorney stated an intent to return after the township revises its zoning ordinance, so this is a pause rather than confirmed abandonment. Note the rezoning alone would NOT have permitted a data center — the source states a further 'special land use' approval would have been required. CONFIRMED ABSENCES: no megawatt capacity, investment figure, building count, water figure or job count is stated in either source. Coordinates are the US Census geocoder's match for the 32 Mile Rd / Powell Rd intersection named in the source; the four-parcel boundary is not confirmed.",
    "landAcres": 312,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The proposal drew months of discussion and protests from Washington Township and neighbouring residents. After the withdrawal the township clerk proposed a temporary moratorium on all data-center applications, added to the 2026-05-20 board agenda, saying it 'will give our community time to put legal safeguards in place.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prometheus-hyperscale-casper-wy",
    "name": "Prometheus Hyperscale Falls Ranch Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Prometheus Hyperscale",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.87,
      "lon": -106.15,
      "city": "Glenrock",
      "county": "Converse",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2025/10/09/casper-lands-massive-1-5-gigawatt-data-center-project-on-nearby-ranch/",
        "label": "Casper Lands Massive 1.5-Gigawatt Data Center Project on Nearby Ranch",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oilcity.news/community/business/2025/10/10/prometheus-hyperscale-plans-data-hall-energy-infrastructure-in-natrona-county/",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale plans data hall, energy infrastructure in Natrona County",
        "publisher": "Oil City News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://oilcity.news/community/county-community/county/2026/07/08/commissioner-prometheus-data-center-developers-consider-new-natrona-county-site/",
        "label": "Commissioners: Prometheus data center developers considering new Natrona County site",
        "publisher": "Oil City News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prometheus-hyperscale-works-with-carbon-capture-firms-on-new-data-center-campus-in-wyoming/",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale works with carbon capture firms on new data center campus in Wyoming (Falls Ranch, Casper; up to 1.5 GW)",
        "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prometheus-hyperscale-spiritus-and-casper-carbon-capture-announce-strategic-partnership-to-build-carbon-negative-data-halls-and-energy-infrastructure-in-wyoming-302576579.html",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale, Spiritus, and Casper Carbon Capture Announce Strategic Partnership to Build Carbon-Negative Data Halls and Energy Infrastructure in Wyoming",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prometheushyperscale.com/news/ph-spiritus-casper-carbon-capture-announce-strategic-partnership",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale, Spiritus, and Casper Carbon Capture Announce Strategic Partnership to Build Carbon-Negative Data Halls and Energy Infrastructure in Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Prometheus Hyperscale",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyofile.com/pitching-940-acre-data-center-prometheus-hyperscale-asks-natrona-county-to-bypass-state-review/",
        "label": "Pitching 940-acre data center, Prometheus Hyperscale asks Natrona County to bypass state review",
        "publisher": "WyoFile",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/09/02/prometheus-data-center-developers-outline-natrona-county-project-to-commissioners/",
        "label": "Natrona County Residents Pack Meeting To Hear Plans For Huge Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "1.5GW campus proposed on the Falls Ranch property spanning the Natrona/Converse county line near I-25, roughly 10 miles east of Casper. Site plan still in flux as of July 2026, with developers weighing an alternate parcel south of I-25; targeted operational by 2028.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 1500,
      "notes": "On-site generation with a minimum $500M initial investment; carbon-negative operations via partnership with Spiritus and Casper Carbon Capture, combining natural gas with proprietary geothermal systems and carbon capture."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes proprietary aquifer, non-consumptive water-cooling systems for the high-density compute halls."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "year": "2022",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 940,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 3000,
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Neighboring landowners mounted \"fierce pushback\" over noise, heat, fumes, and traffic concerns, prompting developers to weigh relocating to an alternate parcel as of July 2026 (no denial or lawsuit yet).",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "prometheus-hyperscale-evanston-wy",
    "name": "Prometheus Hyperscale Atlas Industrial Park Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Prometheus Hyperscale",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.27,
      "lon": -110.81,
      "city": "Evanston",
      "county": "Uinta",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1250
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Uinta County Board of Commissioners granted unanimous Conditional Use Permit approval for the Atlas Industrial Park subdivision/rezone.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prometheus-hyperscale-secures-unanimous-conditional-use-permit-approval-from-uinta-county-commissioners-302803665.html",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale Secures Unanimous Conditional Use Permit Approval from Uinta County Commissioners",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prometheus-hyperscale-secures-planning-approval-for-gigawatt-data-center-campus-in-wyoming/",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale secures planning approval for gigawatt data center campus in Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyofile.com/uinta-county-data-center-moves-forward/",
        "label": "Uinta County data center moves forward",
        "publisher": "WyoFile",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kpcw.org/state-regional/2026-06-19/1-25gw-data-center-approved-on-ranchland-near-evanston-wyoming",
        "label": "1.25GW data center approved on ranchland near Evanston, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "KPCW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/08/25/prometheus-pushes-ahead-on-32b-wyoming-data-centers-as-legal-challenge-fades/",
        "label": "Prometheus Pushes Ahead On $32B Wyoming Data Centers As Legal Challenge Fades",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/02-2026062202-02_WBCMaterials.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council Programs & Services Catalog — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipient reports",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "506-acre 'Atlas Industrial Park' campus about 8-12 miles east of Evanston near the Silver Eagle refinery on County Road 180, south side of I-80 (Section 13, T15N R119W). Approved for 1.25GW initial IT capacity with a stated development path to 5GW; only the confirmed initial figure is recorded here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp",
      "notes": "Fully islanded on-site microgrid generating power through natural gas engines and turbines, avoiding interconnection-queue exposure and ratepayer impact."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Cooling uses a water-glycol coolant mixture that is trucked in and lasts about six years before replacement, so the facility does not draw groundwater or surface water for cooling and will not use water from the nearby Bear River. A private on-site well supplies plumbing water only."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "year": "2022",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 16000000000,
    "landAcres": 506,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Uinta County Commissioners unanimously approved the conditional-use permit but attached 15 conditions after hearing both resident opposition (an 8-signed-page petition citing environmental and tourism-visibility concerns) and resident support at the hearing.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "prometheus-hyperscale-fort-morgan-co",
    "name": "Prometheus Hyperscale Fort Morgan",
    "operator": "Prometheus Hyperscale",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2502582,
      "lon": -103.799951,
      "city": "Fort Morgan",
      "county": "Morgan",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Named as one of four pipeline sites when Wyoming Hyperscale rebranded as Prometheus Hyperscale; no timeline or specifications shared.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/wyoming-hyperscale-becomes-prometheus-hyperscale-reveals-pipeline-of-four-additional-sites/",
        "label": "Wyoming Hyperscale becomes Prometheus Hyperscale, reveals pipeline of four additional sites (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bigpivots.com/looming-questions-about-data-centers/",
        "label": "Looming questions about data centers",
        "publisher": "Big Pivots",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Early-stage pipeline site. DCD reports Prometheus Hyperscale plans four data centers beyond its Evanston, Wyoming flagship — Pueblo and Fort Morgan in Colorado, Phoenix and Tucson in Arizona — with timelines and specifications not shared. Big Pivots separately reports the company intends to create data centers in Fort Morgan and Pueblo. No capacity, acreage, investment or permit filing is recorded because none is sourced. Coordinates are the Fort Morgan town centroid (approximate); no parcel is known. Deliberately not attributing the Evanston flagship's 1.25 GW to this site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prometheus-hyperscale-kaufman-county-tx",
    "name": "Prometheus Hyperscale Kaufman County Campus",
    "operator": "Prometheus Hyperscale",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.65,
      "lon": -96.36,
      "county": "Kaufman",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05-22",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.greenvillechronicle.com/s/4925/Prometheus-Hyperscale-Plans-200MW-AI-Data-Center-Campus-in-Kaufman-County.php",
        "label": "Prometheus Hyperscale Plans 200MW AI Data Center Campus in Kaufman County",
        "publisher": "Greenville Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Four liquid-cooled buildings on ~500 acres west of Dallas between Talty and Post Oak Bend City, Kaufman County; behind-the-meter Jenbacher J620 gas generation plus an Engie North America battery storage tie-in. Distinct operator/site from the Flexential Talty campus in the same county. First facility targeted for 2026 operation.",
    "landAcres": 500,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prometheus-hyperscale-pueblo-co",
    "name": "Prometheus Hyperscale Pueblo",
    "operator": "Prometheus Hyperscale",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.263995,
      "lon": -104.6141867,
      "city": "Pueblo",
      "county": "Pueblo",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Named as one of four pipeline sites when Wyoming Hyperscale rebranded as Prometheus Hyperscale; no timeline or specifications shared.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/wyoming-hyperscale-becomes-prometheus-hyperscale-reveals-pipeline-of-four-additional-sites/",
        "label": "Wyoming Hyperscale becomes Prometheus Hyperscale, reveals pipeline of four additional sites (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bigpivots.com/looming-questions-about-data-centers/",
        "label": "Looming questions about data centers",
        "publisher": "Big Pivots",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Early-stage pipeline site named alongside Fort Morgan. No capacity, acreage, investment or permit filing is sourced, so none is recorded. Coordinates are the Pueblo city centroid (approximate). Not connected in the sources to the Comanche generating station or any specific parcel.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "pronghorn-antelope-cedar-city-ut",
    "name": "Antelope Data Center (Project Antelope)",
    "operator": "Pronghorn Development LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6775,
      "lon": -113.0619,
      "city": "Cedar City",
      "county": "Iron",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06-04",
        "note": "Iron County Planning Commission unanimously approved a conditional use permit.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/planning-commission-approves-conditional-use-permit-for-proposed-iron-county-data-center/article_0a818ae9-8496-4e3e-87e0-53a09ee256c5.html",
        "label": "Planning Commission approves conditional use permit for proposed Iron County data center",
        "publisher": "St. George News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ironcountyut.gov/planning/data-center-projects",
        "label": "Proposed Data Center Information — Iron County",
        "publisher": "Iron County, Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51463149/planning-commission-considers-ai-data-center-near-cedar-city",
        "label": "Planning commission considers AI data center near Cedar City",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://secure.utah.gov/pmn-admin/files/1431597.pdf",
        "label": "Iron County Planning Commission minutes, 4 June 2026 — Antelope data campus conditional use permit",
        "publisher": "Iron County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "West of Cedar City along Antelope Springs Road; permit deemed vested ahead of the county's 180-day data center moratorium; development planned in phases over 8-10 years; up to 6.75M sq ft at full buildout. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no site-level subsidy. Iron County Planning Commission minutes for the 4 June 2026 conditional-use approval state \"This CUP is not tied to any tax incentives or reimbursements\", and no Iron County community-reinvestment project area was found covering this site, which lies in unincorporated Iron County outside Cedar City's municipal limits. The applicant's consultant told the commission their tax-revenue estimate was modelled both \"with the Inland Port incentives and without\", which is a future incentive being contemplated by the developer, not an awarded one.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "On-site natural gas-fired power plant planned to serve the campus."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "\"data center would use what is called a closed-loop cooling system, which is designed to circulate and reuse water.\""
    },
    "landAcres": 640,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "provident-chesterton-porter-county-in",
    "name": "Provident Chesterton Data Center Campus (former Brassie Golf Club)",
    "operator": "Provident Realty Advisors",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6006171,
      "lon": -87.0910251,
      "city": "Chesterton",
      "county": "Porter",
      "street": "1110 Pearson Road",
      "postalCode": "46304",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-05",
        "note": "Dallas-based Provident Realty Advisors proposed an eight-building, $1.3 billion campus on the former Brassie Golf Club site, with annexation of the southernmost 27 acres along Pearson Road.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2024-06-10",
        "note": "Provident notified Chesterton officials it was withdrawing its application and the annexation request after the Town Council said it could never support the project at that scale and location.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/provident-chesterton-in",
        "label": "Provident: Chesterton, IN Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Eight buildings proposed; per-building square footage and site MW were never published. Coordinates are the 1110 Pearson Road address given for the site. Single-source, so recorded as reported.",
    "investmentUsd": 1300000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents and environmental groups raised water and power consumption, noise, property-value and wildlife concerns; the Town Council held a series of public forums before the developer withdrew.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "province-group-bristol-innovation-park-elkhart-county-in",
    "name": "Bristol Innovation Park",
    "operator": "The Province Group",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.7203,
      "lon": -85.8175,
      "city": "Bristol",
      "county": "Elkhart",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-09",
        "note": "Elkhart County Advisory Plan Commission voted 7-2 to forward the rezoning with an unfavorable recommendation after a five-hour hearing attended by more than 500 opponents.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-13",
        "note": "The petitioning landowners withdrew the Bristol Innovation Park rezoning on August 3, 2026 and the Bristol Town Council formally accepted the withdrawal, after the Elkhart County Plan Commission forwarded it with an unfavorable recommendation following a five-hour hearing attended by more than 500 opponents.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2024-09-10/undisclosed-tech-firm-plans-1-billion-data-center-for-bristol",
        "label": "Undisclosed tech firm plans $1 billion data center for Bristol",
        "publisher": "WVPE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-07-21/rezoning-for-possible-bristol-data-center-suffers-another-setback",
        "label": "Rezoning for possible Bristol data center suffers another setback",
        "publisher": "WVPE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-06-10/elkhart-county-planners-to-consider-proposed-bristol-data-center-project-july-9",
        "label": "Elkhart County planners to consider proposed Bristol data center project July 9",
        "publisher": "WVPE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-08-07/landowners-pull-rezoning-request-that-could-have-allowed-for-data-center-in-bristol",
        "label": "Landowners pull rezoning request that could have allowed for data center in Bristol",
        "publisher": "WVPE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Campus on 247 acres of farmland at county roads 14 and 23 north of Bristol, with roughly a million square feet of single-story buildings over a five-to-seven year build. The Province Group is acting for an undisclosed tech company; the rezoning requires both county council and Bristol Town Council action.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 247,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 500 opponents attended the July 2026 hearing, which was relocated to a church gym to fit the crowd; the plan commission recommended denial 7-2. Bristol Town Council President Jeff Beachy initially wrote in support, then publicly reversed to opposition on 2026-07-21 after accusations and threats.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "province-group-merrillville-technology-park-in",
    "name": "Merrillville Technology Park",
    "operator": "The Province Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.46,
      "lon": -87.29,
      "city": "Merrillville",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-11",
        "note": "Reported as one of three early-stage Merrillville data center proposals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/2b-in-data-center-projects-planned-for-merrillville-ind",
        "label": "$2B+ in Data Center Projects Planned for Merrillville, Ind.",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "A 1 million sq ft campus near Colorado Street and Harms Road, close to the Hobart border, developed by Newport Beach, California-based Province Group at up to $500 million, with reported salaries up to $175,000. Distinct from the same developer's Bristol Innovation Park proposal in Elkhart County.",
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "provnet-chf1-chelmsford-ma",
    "name": "Prov.net CHF1 (Boston North)",
    "operator": "Prov.net",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.597085,
      "lon": -71.331383,
      "city": "Chelmsford",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "187 Billerica Road",
      "postalCode": "01824",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "Active PeeringDB facility record under Provdotnet LLC at 187 Billerica Road, Chelmsford.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/3347",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: Prov.net CHF1 (Boston North), 187 Billerica Road, Chelmsford MA (org: Provdotnet LLC)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Small regional colocation site; single-source record, hence \"reported\". No capacity figure is published, so none is recorded. Chelmsford has no Compute Atlas coverage.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "prsm-group-cumberland-county-nc",
    "name": "PRSM Group Cumberland County AI Data Center (undisclosed industrial park)",
    "operator": "PRSM Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0462,
      "lon": -78.8394,
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 225
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-18",
        "note": "PRSM Group partner Eric Little told Cumberland County commissioners at a moratorium hearing that a client wants to build a 225 MW AI data center on 50 acres in an unnamed local industrial park, in two 1 million sq ft stages.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityviewnc.com/stories/data-center-proposal-emerges-as-county-holds-hearing-on-moratorium/",
        "label": "New Data Center Emerges as Cumberland Considers Moratorium",
        "publisher": "CityView (Fayetteville, NC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "The developer declined to disclose the site beyond 'an industrial park, not near residences', so coordinates are a Cumberland County-level approximation only. The end user is an unnamed PRSM client, not PRSM itself. Developer said he does not expect the project to advance before a moratorium is enacted.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes immersion cooling in a closed-loop system, with heat rejected through heat exchangers."
    },
    "landAcres": 50,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Cumberland County commissioners held a public hearing on a proposed data-center moratorium (2026-05-18) at which 21 speakers spoke in favor of a temporary ban, citing PFAS contamination from cooling systems, grid/water-infrastructure stress, farmland/ecosystem impact, rising residential electricity rates, and broken past job-creation promises. PRSM Group partner Eric Little presented this specific 225MW project at the same hearing and asked commissioners to 'reject a moratorium'; Fayetteville PWC's CEO also argued no moratorium was needed. Commissioners took no formal action that day. Classified 'opposed': organized, specific, well-attended opposition testimony exists in the same hearing where PRSM's own project was the proposal on the table, even though a county-wide moratorium (not this project by name) was the formal ask.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "prsm-preble-county-oh",
    "name": "PRSM Preble County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "PRSM Group",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.8283325,
      "lon": -84.6873978,
      "city": "Monroe Township",
      "county": "Preble",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Rezoning of ~300 acres from agricultural to limited industrial sought; 270.34 acres south of I-70 for the data center and 27.98 acres north of I-70 for agricultural special use.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-09-29",
        "note": "Property owners withdrew the rezoning application before the Board of Commissioners vote; the developer has signalled a possible future re-application.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dayton247now.com/news/local/commissions-in-preble-county-reject-farmland-rezoning-for-data-center-development-plan",
        "label": "Commissions in Preble County reject farmland rezoning for data center development plan",
        "publisher": "Dayton 24/7 Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/prsm-preble-county",
        "label": "PRSM: Preble County data center — project record (withdrawn)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Site fronts Orphans Road, Oxford-Gettysburg Road and Eaton-Gettysburg Road south of I-70. No tenant, capacity or investment figure was ever disclosed. Coordinates are a road-level geocode of Orphans Road in Monroe Township — approximate.",
    "landAcres": 270.34,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The Preble County Planning Commission rejected the rezoning 11-0 and the Rural Zoning Commission 5-0; residents raised electricity-cost and water-supply concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ptolemy-data-systems-sheridan-wy",
    "name": "Ptolemy Data Systems Sheridan Data Center",
    "operator": "Ptolemy Data Systems",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8284,
      "lon": -106.9711,
      "city": "Sheridan",
      "county": "Sheridan",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityofdouglas.org/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Item/1542?fileID=1449",
        "label": "\"The Data Landscape\" — Ptolemy Data Systems capability document filed in a City of Douglas agenda packet",
        "publisher": "City of Douglas, Wyoming",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=2910+Russell+Drive%2C+Sheridan%2C+WY&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Russell Drive, Sheridan, Sheridan County, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Ptolemy's own capability document states it constructed a 6,000 sq ft data center in Sheridan in 2012, including a 1,024 sq ft concrete-and-steel \"data vault\" on 480V three-phase power with racks supporting up to 15,000 W each, in-row chilling towers, APC Symmetra UPS and a 0.5 MW Generac generator with 30 hours of on-site fuel. Colocation directories list the address as 2910 Russell Drive; that address is not confirmed in a primary source, so only the street-level geocode is recorded and no street field is asserted. No facility-wide MW rating is published (the 0.5 MW figure is standby generation, not IT capacity).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qlevr-charlestown-clark-county-in",
    "name": "QLEVR Charlestown Data Center",
    "operator": "QLEVR LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.4517,
      "lon": -85.67,
      "city": "Charlestown",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "1600 Cristiani Parkway",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Proposal filed for Shadow Lake Industrial Park; public hearing set for June 9 with Advisory Plan Commission review pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newsandtribune.com/news/data-center-proposed-for-charlestowns-shadow-lake-park/article_b0967582-6664-4499-a2b4-44dfcfa4702a.html",
        "label": "Data center proposed for Charlestown's Shadow Lake Park",
        "publisher": "News and Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "A 55,000 sq ft, 3 MW facility on 12 acres in Shadow Lake Industrial Park, with a stated 14-16 month construction period. The developer did not request tax abatements and says it will pay for any required utility upgrades.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling with water recycling; an initial fill of 50,000-60,000 gallons and roughly 33 gallons per day of ongoing demand."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 105000000,
    "landAcres": 12,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The site is directly across from the Woodford Drive residential area; residents raised environmental concerns and Mayor Treva Hodges said she wanted higher expectations for developers and suggested delaying approval.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-ashburn-1-va",
    "name": "QTS Ashburn 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9995277,
      "lon": -77.4501109,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "22271 Broderick Drive",
      "postalCode": "20166",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 55
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/ashburn-1/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/701923200",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/701923200",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed DC1 at 22271 Broderick Drive, Sterling VA (operational); DC2 at 22280 Randolph Drive under construction as part of same campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-ashburn-2-ashburn-lockridge-va",
    "name": "QTS Ashburn 2 (Ashburn-Lockridge)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9959297,
      "lon": -77.4562445,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/ashburn-2/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1064211366",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1064211366",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed as 'Ashburn-Lockridge' campus, DC1 at 44675 Quality Tech Lane / DC2 at 44655 Quality Tech Lane, Sterling VA. Distinct campus from Ashburn 1.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-atlanta-1-atlanta-metro-dc1-ga",
    "name": "QTS Atlanta 1 (Atlanta-Metro DC1)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7776897,
      "lon": -84.4211544,
      "city": "Atlanta",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "street": "1033 Jefferson Street Northwest",
      "postalCode": "30318",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 278
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/atlanta/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/269847438",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/269847438",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed 4-building mega campus at 1033 Jefferson St NW etc, Atlanta, GA. This is the primary Atlanta 1 campus entry; candidate 1007825570 (Atlanta DC2) is on the same campus, kept as a separate co-located building only because it's independently confirmed as a distinct 72MW building, not because it's a distinct campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-aurora-co",
    "name": "QTS Aurora-Denver Data Center Campus (DEN1)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7113,
      "lon": -104.7241,
      "city": "Aurora",
      "county": "Arapahoe",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 177
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2022-05",
        "note": "QTS added Denver Campus to its website; site at 1160 N. Gun Club Rd, Aurora (former JPMorgan data center site)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Construction underway; Holder Construction as general contractor; 2,713 tons of steel and 347,000 sq ft of decking reported",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-plans-15m-sq-ft-expansion-at-henrico-virginia-campus-and-denver-build-out/",
        "label": "QTS plans Denver build-out at 177MW Aurora campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://milehighcre.com/denver-data-center-market-capturing-growing-interest/",
        "label": "Denver Data Center Market Capturing Growing Interest",
        "publisher": "Mile High CRE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/07/08/qts-aurora-data-center-diesel-generators/",
        "label": "Colorado's biggest data center wants to add another 98 diesel backup generators",
        "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "1160 N. Gun Club Rd, Aurora, CO 80018; eastern Aurora near E-470. Former JPMorgan data center site. Four-building campus on 67 acres. Colorado's first hyperscale facility at this scale. Coordinates based on Gun Club Rd address. Investment amount and specific job counts (previously $1B, 500 construction, 77 permanent) removed — not confirmed by cited sources. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private). As of 2026-07-08, one of the campus's three buildings is complete, a second is nearly finished, and site work has begun on the third. A July 2025 permit application seeks 98 additional diesel backup generators on top of the existing 40.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Xcel Energy (Public Service Company of Colorado)",
      "notes": "Will become Xcel Energy's single largest customer at 177MW; QTS paying for new transmission line and substation"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Colorado data center water use under scrutiny; Xcel projects data center load growth requiring $22B infrastructure spend by 2040"
    },
    "landAcres": 67,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Neighbors raised concerns about power and water bills; Colorado PUC capped new data center generation at 6,000MW and requires 15-year contracts, security deposits, and early-exit fees",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-blue-hole-blakely-ga",
    "name": "QTS Project Blue Hole",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.3763,
      "lon": -84.9346,
      "city": "Blakely",
      "county": "Early",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "QTS filed a DRI for a data center campus in Blakely, Early County; construction start targeted July 2026, first delivery Sept 2027, ~12M sq ft at 2035 buildout",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-targets-two-data-center-campuses-in-georgia/",
        "label": "QTS targets two data center campuses in Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://riverdalestandard.com/early-county-georgia-data-center-ordinance-vote/",
        "label": "Riverdale Standard — Early County Georgia Data Center Ordinance Vote",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Project Blue Hole in Blakely, Early County; DRI filed 2026, ~12M sq ft at full buildout by ~2035. ~1 GW+ is an estimate of ultimate scale (in notes). Coordinates are the Blakely area centroid. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Early County commissioners unanimously adopted a data-center ordinance (1,000-ft buffer from homes/schools/churches, noise/water rules) ahead of Project Blue Hole (July 18, 2026), but residents voiced fear and skepticism at the hearing that the rules would not deter overdevelopment.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-cedar-rapids-ia",
    "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.932,
      "lon": -91.718,
      "city": "Cedar Rapids",
      "county": "Linn",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1050
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Cedar Rapids City Council approved development agreement with QTS Cedar Rapids LLC on January 28, 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Ground broken on first building; April 2026 site tour attended by U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright confirmed active construction",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cedar-rapids.org/news_detail_T6_R2180.php",
        "label": "City of Cedar Rapids, Alliant Energy, and QTS Collaborate on New Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "City of Cedar Rapids",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-breaks-ground-on-data-center-campus-in-iowa/",
        "label": "QTS breaks ground on data center campus in Iowa",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55268088/cedar-rapids-iowa-gets-approval-for-two-major-data-center-investments-by-google-and-qts",
        "label": "Cedar Rapids, Iowa Gets Approval for Two Major Data Center Investments by Google and QTS",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/data-center-project-pitched-as-win-for-jobs-rates-in-iowa/article_6ba03ef8-81a2-4215-ba6c-d92188174b31.html",
        "label": "Data center project pitched as win for jobs, rates in Iowa (QTS Co-CEO: campus will ultimately use about 1,050 megawatts)",
        "publisher": "The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/iowa-communities-grapple-with-regulating-data-centers-as-development-spreads/",
        "label": "Iowa communities grapple with regulating data centers as development spreads",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Coordinates approximate for Big Cedar Industrial Center; parcel is adjacent to Google's campus in the same 1,391-acre industrial park. $10B investment is total planned across 7 phases over up to 25 years; minimum $250M per phase, each requiring a 300,000 sq ft building. 7 buildings planned at full build-out. Permanent jobs figure is minimum per phase. QTS Co-CEO Tag Greason stated the completed seven-building campus will ultimately draw about 1,050 MW of power from Alliant Energy (planned, full build-out). QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy",
      "notes": "Alliant Energy serves Big Cedar Industrial Center; QTS also secured permits for temporary modular generator units for early testing near Eastern Iowa Airport"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Water-free cooling system; no water consumption for cooling"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 612,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Mayor O'Donnell called it 'the largest economic development investment in the City's history'; $18M community betterment fund contribution planned over 20 years",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-chicago-1-il",
    "name": "QTS Chicago 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8422152,
      "lon": -87.6689701,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2800 S Ashland Ave",
      "postalCode": "60608",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "QTS markets the first building as live and is pre-leasing a second building on the same campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/chicago/",
        "label": "QTS Chicago data center campus",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (Quality Technology Service (QTS), Chicago, 2021 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "30-acre campus; QTS describes a \"Two building facility at full build-out\" with \"Pre-leasing is now available for our second building\". The state report's estimated tax-benefit value is calculated at 6.25% of the $250,000,000 investment commitment, not money already received. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 15625000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-clinton-clinton-county-ia",
    "name": "QTS Clinton Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.88,
      "lon": -90.24,
      "city": "Clinton",
      "county": "Clinton",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/clinton/",
        "label": "QTS Clinton, Iowa - In Consideration",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwqc.com/2026/05/26/clinton-discuss-data-center-concerns-amid-ai-growth/",
        "label": "Clinton residents voice concerns on potential AI data center coming to town",
        "publisher": "KWQC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.radioiowa.com/2026/07/16/clinton-residents-swarm-meeting-to-protest-possible-10b-data-center/",
        "label": "Radio Iowa — \"Clinton residents swarm meeting to protest possible $10B data center\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "North of US Highway 30, near Clinton's airport. QTS has not filed a formal site plan; the city is still drafting a data-center ordinance. No confirmed MW or $ figure exists yet - local coverage describes it only as a potential 'multibillion-dollar investment.' Local TV coverage frames this as an 'AI data center' but QTS's own statements avoid the AI label. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "landAcres": 1200,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "~100 residents packed a May 2026 planning commission meeting opposing the $10B QTS project over water/power impacts, then residents 'swarmed' a July 16, 2026 meeting to protest again; commissioners have twice declined to vote, postponing the decision rather than approving or denying.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-colorado-springs-co",
    "name": "QTS Colorado Springs Data Center",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9220674,
      "lon": -104.8426568,
      "city": "Colorado Springs",
      "county": "El Paso",
      "street": "311 S. Rockrimmon Blvd",
      "postalCode": "80919",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 14
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Operator lists the facility as operational and available for colocation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/colorado-springs/",
        "label": "Colorado Springs — QTS Data Centers",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "249,958 sq ft on a 21-acre site with 14 MW+ of critical building capacity, per the operator's own location page. Distinct site from the QTS Aurora-Denver campus already tracked. Capacity recorded as 14 MW (operator states '14 MW+').",
    "landAcres": 21,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-dane-county-deforest-wi",
    "name": "QTS Dane County Hyperscale Campus (DeForest)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.2428,
      "lon": -89.3401,
      "city": "DeForest",
      "county": "Dane",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Alliant Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-30",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-30",
        "note": "QTS publicly announced the Dane County hyperscale campus; zoning and annexation applications submitted to DeForest in November 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-01-28",
        "note": "Village of DeForest declared the proposal not feasible; QTS withdrew all applications after the Village Board signaled a 7-0 rejection of annexation. WI DOA separately found the annexation not in the public interest.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://qtsdatacenters.com/news/qts-advances-plans-for-state-of-the-art-data-center-campus-and-announces-50-million-community-commitment-for-dane-county/",
        "label": "QTS advances plans for Dane County campus - official press release",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/10/30/qts-data-centers-dane-county",
        "label": "QTS plans multibillion-dollar data center campus in Dane County",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 Wisconsin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.engagedeforest.com/QTS",
        "label": "Village of DeForest - QTS project public engagement portal",
        "publisher": "Village of DeForest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-drops-plan-for-data-center-near-madison-wisconsin-amid-opposition-from-local-officials/",
        "label": "QTS drops plan for data center near Madison, Wisconsin",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyreporter.com/2026/01/29/deforest-cancels-qts-data-center/",
        "label": "DeForest cancels $12 billion QTS data center plan",
        "publisher": "The Daily Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wtmj.com/news/2026/01/28/update-qts-withdraws-data-center-project-in-village-of-deforest/",
        "label": "QTS withdraws data center project in Village of DeForest",
        "publisher": "WTMJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/qts-deforest-wisconsin",
        "label": "QTS DeForest, Wisconsin - Baxtel facility record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "CANCELLED: QTS withdrew Jan 28-29 2026 after DeForest found the proposal not feasible and the Village Board signaled a 7-0 rejection of the required annexation; WI DOA found the 1,572.5-acre annexation petition not in the public interest. Active footprint was 650 acres (five buildings). Capacity omitted: no source discloses facility IT load; the 750 MW figure was a grid renewable-energy-credit commitment via Alliant, not the campus draw. INVESTMENT OMITTED: the $12B figure is secondary press only (QTS said 'multibillion-dollar') and unrealized. Projected 5,000+ construction and 'hundreds' of permanent jobs were never realized (project cancelled). The $50M community commitment was a QTS-to-county pledge, not a government subsidy. Coordinates are the DeForest centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy",
      "notes": "Alliant Energy confirmed as utility. QTS proposed enabling ~750 MW of new renewables on Alliant's grid via RECs - a grid-level commitment, not the facility's power draw. Facility IT load never disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "QTS stated the campus would use water-free cooling with no cooling-water consumption or impact on the Yahara Watershed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 12000000000,
    "landAcres": 650,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The group 'No Data Center in DeForest' had 4,100+ members at withdrawal; the Village Board signaled a unanimous 7-0 denial of the annexation petition, citing transparency and watershed/land-use concerns. Opposition led directly to cancellation."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-eagle-mountain-ii-fairfield-ut",
    "name": "QTS Eagle Mountain II",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.26217,
      "lon": -112.093,
      "city": "Fairfield",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 650
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1003911.pdf",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain RDA Board packet — Sweetwater Industrial Park CRA #3 Amended Project Area Plan & Participation Agreement terms (August 1, 2023)",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency via Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1158232.pdf",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain RDA Board packet — Sweetwater #3 CRA Participation Agreement Second Amendment (QTS Eagle Mountain I, LLC), August 20, 2024",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency via Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Sweetwater Industrial Park Community Reinvestment Project Area #3 (Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency, Title 17C): 61% of Real Property Tax Increment plus 74% of Personal Property Tax Increment, reimbursed per Phase for 20 years per phase (not to exceed 40 years total), from Utah County, Alpine School District, Eagle Mountain City, Central Utah Water Conservancy District, and the Unified Fire Service Area. The signed CRA Participation Agreement's Participant is QTS Eagle Mountain I, LLC — there is no separate agreement naming \"QTS Eagle Mountain II, LLC.\" This parcel (38:707:0002, 98.043 acres) is covered by the Sweetwater CRA #3 agreement with QTS Eagle Mountain I, LLC, which explicitly includes this parcel's acreage: the Agreement's own recitals and the amended Project Area's Table 1 Parcel List define the ~193-acre Project Area, and its terms, as spanning both the QTS Eagle Mountain I parcel (38:707:0001, 95.153 acres) and the QTS Eagle Mountain II parcel by acreage. A 2nd Amendment (approved August 20, 2024) changed only the payment mechanics — allowing personal-property reimbursements to be paid directly to QTS's colocation end-clients — and did not alter the 61%/74%/20yr/40yr terms.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Sweetwater Industrial Park Community Reinvestment Project Area #3 (Title 17C) — 61% of Real Property Tax Increment plus 74% of Personal Property Tax Increment reimbursed per phase, 20 years per phase (40-year maximum); Participation Agreement signed with QTS Eagle Mountain I, LLC, which by its own terms covers this parcel's acreage",
        "jurisdiction": "Eagle Mountain City, UT",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-eagle-mountain-ut",
    "name": "QTS Eagle Mountain Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.3155,
      "lon": -111.9847,
      "city": "Eagle Mountain",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (Rocky Mountain Power); water-free cooling",
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "City of Eagle Mountain approved construction; 193-acre campus adjacent to Meta campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Construction initially paused, then restarted; 3 buildings ranging 579,000–592,000 sq ft; water-free cooling system",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://eaglemountain.gov/qts-begins-construction-on-new-datacenter-campus-in-eagle-mountain/",
        "label": "QTS begins construction on new datacenter campus in Eagle Mountain — Eagle Mountain City",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/04/17/eagle-mountain-193-acre-data-center-campus-is-set-to-be-done-this-year-with-big-water-promises/",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain 193-acre data center campus set to be done this year — Utah News Dispatch",
        "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/eagle-mountain/",
        "label": "QTS Eagle Mountain — official data center page",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1158232.pdf",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain RDA — Sweetwater #3 CRA / QTS participation agreement (Aug 2024 packet)",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain City / Utah Public Notice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kutv.com/news/utah-water/questions-grow-over-water-use-at-massive-qts-data-center-in-eagle-mountain",
        "label": "Questions grow over water use at massive QTS Data Center in Eagle Mountain — KUTV",
        "publisher": "KUTV (CBS Utah)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/business/ai-utah-data-center-boom-fossil-fuels-gas/",
        "label": "To power Utah's data center boom, companies are turning to fossil fuels — Grist",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utahbusiness.com/press-releases/2026/04/20/layton-construction-qts-data-centers-campus-eagle-mountain/",
        "label": "Layton Construction, QTS Data Centers Break Ground on Eagle Mountain Campus",
        "publisher": "Utah Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Groundbreaking was October 2025; the third of three initial buildings topped out (structural completion) on 2026-04-20. Not yet operational; no delivery date confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Rocky Mountain Power (PacifiCorp)",
      "notes": "Grid-served by Rocky Mountain Power. After the utility initially could not guarantee sufficient grid power, the city approved on-site gas turbines and a separate 200 MW gas plant as options, but QTS ultimately secured grid supply. QTS declines to disclose the campus's power capacity (third-party trackers estimate over 650 MW at full build-out); it reports portfolio-wide carbon-free electricity for 2024."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "A closed-loop system that QTS says does not consume water for cooling once operational — roughly a 600,000-gallon one-time fill per building plus modest domestic use — avoiding an estimated 250–300 million gallons/year versus evaporative cooling."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Eagle Mountain RDA Sweetwater #3 community-reinvestment tax-increment financing — reimburses QTS/tenants 61% of real-property and 74% of personal-property tax increment, 20 years per phase (up to 40 years total); first-phase increment projected at ~$98.86M",
        "jurisdiction": "Eagle Mountain City RDA, UT",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 193,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "City officials are formally supportive (a projected ~$12M/year municipal energy tax funds roads, schools, and first responders), and no organized opposition to QTS specifically was found. But water and energy transparency are actively debated in arid Utah — the 2026 state water-reporting law (HB76) was driven partly by Eagle Mountain's data-center growth, though facilities operational before July 2026 are exempt.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-east-windsor-nj",
    "name": "QTS East Windsor",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.279249,
      "lon": -74.547551,
      "city": "East Windsor",
      "county": "Mercer",
      "street": "159 Princeton-Hightstown Road",
      "postalCode": "08520",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 70
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Published as an operating data center on QTS's own East Windsor page, with an additional building planned on the same site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/east-windsor/",
        "label": "QTS East Windsor, New Jersey data center page",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NJ&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 3360, 'QTS Princeton (PJC1)', East Windsor NJ 08520",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "52-acre campus with 70 MW+ critical power capacity. QTS states plans for long-term operations in East Windsor plus one additional data center on the site, described as a further $600 million QTS investment — that figure is for the planned future building, not this facility, so it is not recorded as investmentUsd. Coordinates are the operator-supplied registry point; no parcel-level geocode is published for the street address.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 14,
      "notes": "QTS describes a 50-acre, 14 MW net-metered on-site solar field — 'one of the largest privately-owned, net-metered solar projects in the Western hemisphere' — alongside grid supply."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "QTS states the site uses a 'closed-loop cooling system that does not consume water for cooling, once operational', with heat exchangers providing full free cooling and mixed-mode free cooling."
    },
    "landAcres": 52,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-eisenhower-augusta-ga",
    "name": "QTS Project Eisenhower",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4735,
      "lon": -82.0105,
      "city": "Augusta",
      "county": "Richmond",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "QTS 'Project Eisenhower' in Augusta (Richmond County): 6 buildings on ~170 acres, $2B+; rezoned 2024-25, preliminary grading underway",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2025/12/26/flying-under-radar-new-data-center-will-twice-big-augusta-mall/",
        "label": "New data center will be twice as big as Augusta Mall",
        "publisher": "WRDW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/05/11/qts-data-center-project-raises-questions-about-savannah-river-water-use/",
        "label": "QTS data center project raises questions about Savannah River water use",
        "publisher": "WRDW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/06/02/augustans-urge-city-leaders-put-data-centers-hold/",
        "label": "Augustans urge city leaders to put data centers on hold",
        "publisher": "WRDW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/05/28/luncheon-provides-information-qts-data-center-project-augusta/",
        "label": "Luncheon provides information on QTS data center project in Augusta",
        "publisher": "WRDW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/2-billion-augusta-data-center-100556100.html",
        "label": "Yahoo News — \"$2 billion Augusta data center project could come online in mid-2026\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Project Eisenhower in Augusta, Richmond County — 6 buildings across ~170 acres, $2B+ project. Rezoned 2024-25 with preliminary grading underway. Estimated 300-500 MW (not officially disclosed — omitted from capacity). Coordinates are the Augusta area centroid. The ~$2B figure is a developer projection from a 2024 zoning hearing (building permits not yet issued) -> investmentUsd omitted. QTS projects ~1,000 construction and ~160-220 permanent jobs (projections) -> jobs honest-zero. Georgia's high-technology data-center sales-tax exemption and an Augusta EDA bond/PILOT are available programs, but no confirmed award for this campus was found -> subsidy honest-zero. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Georgia Power confirmed as the electric utility (Georgia Power Region Executive at a May 2026 community luncheon)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling that 'does not consume water for cooling once operational' (QTS); QTS discontinued evaporative cooling in 2018. An anticipated ~18,000 gal/day per building is for sanitation/domestic use (early-planning estimate, not a permitted figure). Augusta Utilities is in talks to supply treated wastewater as cooling feedstock; water source is the Savannah River basin via Augusta Utilities."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 170,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Organized neighborhood opposition (Haynes Station / Captain's Corner) over transparency, noise, environmental impact, and Savannah River water use; residents spoke at Augusta Commission meetings (May-June 2026). Augusta approved a 49-day moratorium on NEW data centers (June 2026) that explicitly excludes this already-approved QTS campus. No lawsuit against this campus.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-hillsboro-1-or",
    "name": "QTS Hillsboro 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5588149,
      "lon": -122.9277661,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "4951 Northeast Huffman Street",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/hillsboro-1/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/729192992",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/729192992",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 4951 NE Huffman St, Hillsboro, OR 97124, 25-acre multi-building campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "landAcres": 25,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-hillsboro-2-or",
    "name": "QTS Hillsboro 2",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.55888,
      "lon": -122.92961,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 180
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://q.com/data-centers/hillsboro-2/",
        "label": "QTS Data Centers — Hillsboro 2: '51 acre campus', '180 MW+', four buildings at DC1 4755 NE Huffman St, DC2 4425 NE Huffman St, DC3 4327 NE Huffman St, DC5 4113 NE Huffman St, Hillsboro, Oregon",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "landAcres": 51,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-hillsboro-3-or",
    "name": "QTS Hillsboro 3",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5719248,
      "lon": -122.918438,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "Northeast Pubols Street",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09-17",
        "note": "Hillsboro Herald (2026-08-13) reports the QTS North/HIL3 campus at Schaff and Pubols (case DR-014-23, approved 2024-01-12, 750,000+ sq ft with generators and a PGE substation) is 'approved. Done deal' but 'ground has not broken yet' — i.e. permitted, not under construction. Cleanview's Oregon list likewise carries QTS Hillsboro 3 DC1/DC2 as planned with no year.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/hillsboro-3/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1465196735",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1465196735",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hillsboroherald.com/next-wave-7-hillsboro-data-center-projects-march-ahead-as-humans-fight-it-out/",
        "label": "Next Wave: 7 Hillsboro data center projects march ahead — The Hillsboro Herald (2026-08-13): QTS North HIL3 approved, ground not yet broken",
        "publisher": "The Hillsboro Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/oregon",
        "label": "Data Centers in Oregon — Cleanview project list (QTS Hillsboro 3 DC1/DC2: planned, TBD)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Confirmed as planned 2-building campus, 100+MW, described as in development/under construction per QTS's own directory listing ('In Development'). Candidate 1465196736 is the same site, ~0.2km away; kept this one, dropped the other as duplicate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-irving-1-tx",
    "name": "QTS Irving 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8972479,
      "lon": -96.9826475,
      "city": "Irving",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "6431 Longhorn Drive",
      "postalCode": "75063",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 165
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/irving/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/526806006",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/526806006",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed 6-building campus on Longhorn Dr, Irving, TX, 165MW+ critical capacity, 56 acres.",
    "landAcres": 56,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-kearneysville-berkeley-jefferson-wv",
    "name": "Berkeley/Jefferson County Data Center Campus (QTS Kearneysville)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3729,
      "lon": -77.8636,
      "city": "Kearneysville",
      "county": "Berkeley",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://observerwv.com/plan-for-data-center-complex-near-kearneysville-approved/",
        "label": "Plan For Data Center Complex Near Kearneysville Approved",
        "publisher": "ObserverWV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/qts-kearneysville-campus",
        "label": "QTS: Kearneysville Campus Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "300-acre site split between Berkeley County (a 90-acre parcel for two data center buildings, an electrical switching station, a water tank, stormwater retention ponds, plus a narrow access parcel to Charles Town Road/Route 115) and an adjacent 191-acre Jefferson County parcel already zoned industrial for future expansion, which as of the source date the Jefferson County Planning office had not yet received formal plans for. Properties were sold July 2024 by F.O. Day Company to IB10 Martinsburg LLC; the Berkeley County Planning Commission approved the concept plan for the Berkeley parcels in March 2024. QTS Data Centers (Overland Park, KS; owned by funds managed by Blackstone) is the developer named in reporting. As of April 2025 QTS told reporters it was 'in the initial stages of planning.' No capacity, investment, or job figures have been publicly disclosed as of this research pass (2026-09-10). Coordinates are a Kearneysville-area approximation, not a confirmed parcel location.",
    "landAcres": 300,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-lancium-hall-county-tx",
    "name": "QTS–Lancium Hall County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers / Lancium",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.394,
      "lon": -100.8954,
      "city": "Turkey",
      "county": "Hall",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-14",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-14",
        "note": "Joint announcement by QTS and Lancium."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/news/qts-and-lancium-announce-data-center-campus-in-hall-county-texas/",
        "label": "QTS and Lancium Announce Data Center Campus in Hall County, Texas",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Company states the facility will use closed-loop cooling with no water consumption for cooling operations."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 7000,
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-marvel-bessemer-al",
    "name": "QTS Bessemer (Project Marvel)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.44,
      "lon": -86.97,
      "city": "Bessemer",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "Alabama Power",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Project Marvel first surfaced March 2025; unnamed developer (via Logistics Land Investment LLC, an affiliate of Atlanta-based TPA Group) sought rezoning of ~700 acres in Bessemer for hyperscale data center",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Bessemer City Council voted 5-2 to approve rezoning ~700 acres from agricultural (A-1) to light industrial (I-1) on November 18, 2025; developer identity still not publicly disclosed",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Bessemer City Council approved rezoning of 914 additional acres in April 2026, expanding total site to ~1,607 acres; 18-building count unchanged, additional land used for wider buffers and layout flexibility",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "QTS Data Centers (Blackstone) publicly confirmed as operator behind Project Marvel, July 1-2, 2026; project described as in active planning stage",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/07/02/qts-confirms-plans-proposed-data-center-campus-bessemer/",
        "label": "QTS confirms plans for proposed data center campus in Bessemer",
        "publisher": "WBRC Fox6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/purported-developer-of-14bn-project-marvel-data-center-in-bessemer-alabama-unveiled-as-qts/",
        "label": "Purported Developer of $14bn Project Marvel Data Center in Bessemer Unveiled as QTS",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2025/11/19/bessemer-city-council-approves-149-billion-data-center-project-despite-transparency-concerns/",
        "label": "Bessemer City Council approves data center project despite transparency concerns (November 2025)",
        "publisher": "WBRC Fox6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abc3340.com/news/local/alabama-bessemer-approves-rezoning-of-914-acres-for-project-marvel-data-center-april-2026",
        "label": "Bessemer approves rezoning of 914 acres for Project Marvel data center",
        "publisher": "ABC 3340",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/alabamas-planned-14bn-project-marvel-data-center-could-double-in-size/",
        "label": "Alabama's planned $14bn Project Marvel data center could double in size",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://abc3340.com/news/local/qts-data-centers-behind-bessemer-project-marvel-plans",
        "label": "QTS Data Centers behind Bessemer Project Marvel plans",
        "publisher": "ABC 3340",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tuscaloosathread.com/bessemer-data-center-concerns/",
        "label": "How Will Project Marvel Affect Bessemer And Surrounding Areas?",
        "publisher": "Tuscaloosa Thread",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://communitysentinel.media/2026/02/18/bessemer-residents-are-speaking-out-against-ai-data-center-development/",
        "label": "Bessemer Residents Are Speaking Out Against AI Data Center Development",
        "publisher": "Community Sentinel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Codename: Project Marvel. 18-building hyperscale campus on Red Ridge near I-459 and I-20/59 interchange in Bessemer (Jefferson County). Announced capacity: up to 1,200 MW at full build-out — reported as a planned ceiling, roughly 9% of Alabama Power's current generating capacity; recorded as capacityMw.planned = 1200 (an announced 'up to' full-build-out ceiling, consistent with how the dataset records other announced full-build-out figures). Investment: reported at $14–14.5B across sources (Logistics Land Investment anticipated 'close to $14.4B'; WBRC reported $14.5B at November 2025 rezoning; DCD reported ~$14B); no single firm company-confirmed figure exists — treated as a projected cost range and excluded from investmentUsd. Land: ~1,607.42 acres total after two rezoning rounds (initial ~700 acres November 2025 + 914-acre expansion April 2026). QTS affiliate purchased land from TPA Group affiliate for $431.73M. Chapter 9B statutory eligibility would have provided a 30-year abatement estimated at $500M+; QTS committed not to seek local property tax incentives (per WBRC July 2026) — subsidy excluded as eligibility does not equal award and QTS renounced pursuit. Full buildout timeline: 7+ years. Birmingham Business Alliance estimated ~$4B net benefit over 30 years; Bessemer City Schools projected ~$25M/year. AI framing not officially confirmed by QTS or the city as of July 2026 — size and scale (hyperscale, cloud/AI demand framing in QTS statement) support 'likely' classification. Coordinates are approximate for the Red Ridge parcel area. Jobs: ~1,000 construction and ~330 permanent are projected figures for the proposed (not-yet-built) campus (WBRC, Nov 2025) — recorded as projections in notes, not structured jobs fields, per data-rigor policy. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private). STATUS JUDGEMENT SURFACED, NOT APPLIED: Bessemer approved land-use rezonings for this campus in November 2025 and again (914 acres) in April 2026, which under the wave's rule that a rezoning approval means permitted could argue for permitted rather than proposed. I did not change it, because the record's own cited source dated 2026-07-02 postdates both rezonings and still describes the campus as proposed, and no building permit or site-preparation start was found in any source fetched this run. A maintainer should decide whether a rezoning alone promotes this record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "Alabama Power confirmed 1,200 MW power availability for the campus. QTS committed project-related energy costs will not be passed on to local utility ratepayers. Opponents (NAACP, Black Warrior Riverkeeper, SELC) raised concerns that the facility will rely on fossil fuels. Bibb County residents identified as potentially facing higher power bills due to grid strain."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "QTS committed to a closed-loop cooling system that does not consume water for cooling once operational. Opposition groups including Black Warrior Riverkeeper raised concerns about water impacts during construction and operation, citing proximity to a Black Warrior River tributary. Tuscaloosa County flagged for potential irreversible water impacts."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 14500000000,
    "landAcres": 1607,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 330,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Strong and ongoing opposition. Public Facebook group 'Bessemer Data Center - We Say No!' grew to 720+ members. NAACP cited environmental justice concerns for majority-minority Bessemer community. Black Warrior Riverkeeper (BWR) and Southern Environmental Law Center (SELC) opposed construction over fossil fuel and water impacts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service raised concerns. Rezoning lawsuit filed in Jefferson County Circuit Court (temporarily enjoined; later dismissed). Bessemer City Council approved initial rezoning 5-2 in November 2025 despite crowd opposition (Councilman King and Councilwoman Thigpen dissented). 914-acre expansion rezoning approved April 2026. Some elected officials operated under NDAs with the developer prior to QTS confirmation. Homeowners filed additional lawsuits against the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 7
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-mia1-sweetwater-fl",
    "name": "QTS Miami (MIA1)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.7915329,
      "lon": -80.3795596,
      "city": "Sweetwater",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "11234 NW 20th St",
      "postalCode": "33172",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/miami/",
        "label": "QTS Miami (MIA1) facility page",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/florida/miami/quality-miami-data-center/",
        "label": "QTS Miami Data Center listing",
        "publisher": "DataCenterMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterjournal.com/data-centers/florida/miami/qts-miami-mia1/",
        "label": "QTS Miami MIA1 profile",
        "publisher": "Data Center Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qts-announces-open-internet-exchange-oix-data-center-certifications-301511386.html",
        "label": "QTS Announces Open Internet Exchange (OIX) Data Center Certifications",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/featured/article/11428144/blackstone-to-acquire-qts-in-blockbuster-data-center-m038a-deal",
        "label": "Blackstone to Acquire QTS in Blockbuster Data Center M&A Deal",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "1-acre / ~37,000-38,000 sq ft legacy colocation facility positioned around South American/Caribbean connectivity. Address (11234 NW 20th St) is commonly listed as \"Miami\" per USPS mailing-city convention, but independently resolves to Sweetwater city, Miami-Dade County via both the US Census Bureau Geocoder and OpenStreetMap Nominatim (same building/parcel, ~90m agreement) -- corrected here per dataset precedent (cf. iron-mountain-mia-1-miami-fl, tracked under city Westview). DC OIX-2 certified per a March 2022 QTS press release. No AI/HPC/GPU-specific marketing found; owned by Blackstone (Infrastructure Partners + BREIT) since the 2021 QTS acquisition. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "landAcres": 1,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-new-albany-1-franklin-county-oh",
    "name": "QTS New Albany 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.06378,
      "lon": -82.75793,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 144
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-plans-four-building-data-center-campus-in-new-albany-ohio/",
        "label": "QTS plans four-building data center campus in New Albany, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/new-albany/data-center-company-qts-to-invest-1-5-billion-in-new-albany/",
        "label": "Data center company QTS to invest $1.5 billion in New Albany",
        "publisher": "NBC4 (WCMH)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/new-albany-1/",
        "label": "QTS New Albany 1",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=Parcel%3D'094-106404-00.011'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (parcel 094-106404-00.011, 1235 Beech Rd SW — QTS NEW ALBANY I DC1 LLC; lead parcel of the QTS New Albany I campus: 094-106404-00.009/010/011/012 ≈ 56.7 ac). Corrects the record's prior Franklin County tag to Licking.",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "1225-1235 Beech Road SW, New Albany — in the Licking County section of the New Albany Business Park, the same submarket as CyrusOne's and Vantage's Licking County sites nearby. First of two adjacent QTS buildings (see also QTS New Albany 2); 885,600 sq ft. Combined QTS New Albany 1+2 investment ~$1.5B, enabled by a New Albany City Council Community Reinvestment Area tax agreement. 144MW is planned capacity; no operational MW disclosed. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found — QTS materials describe generic hyperscale/enterprise colo (\"QTS Freedom Design\"). QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "landAcres": 56,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-new-albany-2-franklin-county-oh",
    "name": "QTS New Albany 2",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.05491,
      "lon": -82.75685,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 78
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-plans-four-building-data-center-campus-in-new-albany-ohio/",
        "label": "QTS plans four-building data center campus in New Albany, Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/new-albany-2/",
        "label": "QTS New Albany 2",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=Parcel%3D'094-107502-00.003'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (parcel 094-107502-00.003 — QTS NEW ALBANY II DC1 LLC; lead parcel of the QTS New Albany II campus: 094-107502-00.003/004/005 ≈ 37.1 ac). Corrects the record's prior Franklin County tag to Licking.",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "Beech Road SW, New Albany — second of two adjacent QTS buildings on the adjacent Licking County campus to QTS New Albany 1 (combined 93 acres, ~1.5M sq ft, ~$1.5B investment, 222MW planned total). 612,600 sq ft. 78MW is planned capacity; no operational MW disclosed. No AI/HPC-specific marketing found. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "landAcres": 37,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-new-albany-3-franklin-county-oh",
    "name": "QTS New Albany III",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.06965,
      "lon": -82.77165,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-12",
        "note": "Announced Dec 2023 as part of QTS's New Albany expansion (III on Babbitt Rd + IV on Miller Rd)",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=UPPER(OWNERNME1)+LIKE+'%25QTS%25'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Franklin County parcel/GIS record (parcel 222-005361 — QTS NEW ALBANY III LLC, use-class \"data center\", 78.01 ac)",
        "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newalbanybusiness.org/news/2023/12/qts-invests-4-4-billion-in-new-data-centers/",
        "label": "QTS Invests $4.4 Billion in New Data Centers (Dec 2023)",
        "publisher": "New Albany Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://columbusconstruction.org/new-datacenter-megaproject-planned-for-new-albany/",
        "label": "New data center megaproject planned for New Albany",
        "publisher": "Columbus/Central Ohio Building & Construction Trades Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Third QTS campus in the New Albany International Business Park, on Babbitt Rd (Franklin County) — 3 buildings, ~1.1M sq ft on 78 acres, announced December 2023 alongside the Miller Rd (IV) site as part of QTS's ~$4.4B New Albany expansion (aggregate across III + IV; no reliable per-site investment split disclosed, so investmentUsd omitted). Franklin County auditor use-class is \"data center\" (an assessed data-center structure exists); construction status is not independently confirmed operational by press, so recorded conservatively as under_construction. Distinct from QTS New Albany I & II (Beech Rd SW). No site-specific IT-load MW disclosed. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "New Albany Community Reinvestment Area (CRA) property-tax agreement",
        "jurisdiction": "City of New Albany / Franklin County",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 78,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-new-albany-4-licking-county-oh",
    "name": "QTS New Albany IV",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.11064,
      "lon": -82.74301,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-12",
        "note": "Announced Dec 2023; Ohio Tax Credit Authority approved a data-center sales-tax exemption for the Licking County project",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=UPPER(OwnerName)+LIKE+'%25QTS+NEW+ALBANY+IV%25'&outFields=*&returnCentroid=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (parcel 095-111570-01.000 — QTS NEW ALBANY IV LLC, 13335 Miller Rd, 161.26 ac)",
        "publisher": "Licking County Auditor GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://newalbanybusiness.org/news/2023/12/qts-invests-4-4-billion-in-new-data-centers/",
        "label": "QTS Invests $4.4 Billion in New Data Centers (Dec 2023)",
        "publisher": "New Albany Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "Fourth QTS campus in the New Albany International Business Park, on Miller Rd (Licking County) — 5 buildings, ~2.1M sq ft on 161 acres, announced December 2023 alongside the Babbitt Rd (III) site as part of QTS's ~$4.4B New Albany expansion (aggregate across III + IV; no reliable per-site investment split disclosed). Auditor use-class \"Industrial Vacant Land\" (no structure assessed yet) is consistent with a permitted/pre-construction stage. Distinct from QTS New Albany I & II (Beech Rd SW). No site-specific IT-load MW disclosed. QTS Data Centers is owned by Blackstone (2021 take-private).",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio Data Center Sales-Tax Exemption (100%, 15-year)",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio — Ohio Tax Credit Authority",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "Job Creation Tax Credit",
        "jurisdiction": "State of Ohio — Ohio Tax Credit Authority",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 161,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-overland-park-ks",
    "name": "QTS Overland Park Data Center (OVP1)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.896635385342,
      "lon": -94.673564928144,
      "city": "Overland Park",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "street": "12851 Foster St",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/qts-overland-park",
        "label": "QTS Overland Park Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterjournal.com/data-centers/kansas/overland-park/qts-overland-park-ovp1/",
        "label": "QTS Overland Park (OVP1) Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "QTS's own site (qtsdatacenters.com) 301-redirects to an unrelated domain (q.com) and could not be fetched this session; sourced instead from two directory/aggregator pages that agree on address and operational status. Historically this facility is described as QTS's corporate headquarters and the founding site of its data-center portfolio. capacityMw omitted: sources disagree or withhold the figure (one blocks it behind a paid dataset, the other omits it; an unfetched search snippet claimed 8MW but that number was not confirmed against a page this session actually retrieved). Coordinates are the US Census geocode of the listed street address, retrieved 2026-09-13; precision set to approximate since the parcel/building footprint was not independently confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-phoenix-2-az",
    "name": "QTS Phoenix 2",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4644344,
      "lon": -111.994808,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "1400 N 40th St",
      "postalCode": "85008",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 210
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-10",
        "note": "QTS lists Phoenix 2 as an 80-acre campus with 210 MW+ of critical power across five buildings (DC1-DC5) at 1200-1500 N 40th Street.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/phoenix-2/",
        "label": "Phoenix 2 — QTS Data Centers",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Five-building campus at 1200, 1250, 1400, 1450 and 1500 N 40th Street, Phoenix. The '210 MW+' figure is the campus's stated critical power at full build, recorded as planned rather than operational because the operator does not say how much is energized today. Note that qtsdatacenters.com now redirects to q.com. Coordinates geocoded from 1400 N 40th St via Nominatim.",
    "landAcres": 80,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-phoenix-4-tolleson-az",
    "name": "QTS Phoenix 4",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.420593,
      "lon": -112.311771,
      "city": "Tolleson",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "11753 W Lower Buckeye Rd",
      "postalCode": "85353",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-10",
        "note": "QTS publishes Phoenix 4 as a facility at 11753 W Lower Buckeye Rd, Tolleson, described as under development; no MW, acreage or in-service date is disclosed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/phoenix-4/",
        "label": "Phoenix 4 — QTS Data Centers",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Second QTS site in the Phoenix market, in Tolleson. The operator page is a community-partnership page and discloses no capacity, acreage or timeline, so those fields are omitted rather than estimated. Status recorded as under_construction on the strength of 'under development' plus a fixed street address; a maintainer may want to confirm against a Tolleson or Maricopa County permit before publishing. Coordinates geocoded from the cited address via the US Census geocoder.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-piscataway-1-nj",
    "name": "QTS Piscataway 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5569431,
      "lon": -74.4839173,
      "city": "Piscataway",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "101 Possumtown Road",
      "postalCode": "08854",
      "state": "NJ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 65
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/piscataway/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/362662493",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/362662493",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 101 Possumtown Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, 65MW+ critical power, 38-acre campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "PSE&G",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 2,
      "notes": "QTS lists a 2 MW rooftop solar field at the Piscataway site and states the facility utilises renewable-sourced power; the building is Energy Star certified and LEED Gold certified."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "QTS states its closed-loop cooling 'only requires a one-time water fill to support data center operations' and 'eliminates ongoing water demand for the purpose of cooling'. No consumption volume is published."
    },
    "landAcres": 38,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-richmond-1-dc1-ric1-white-oak-technology-park-va",
    "name": "QTS Richmond 1 DC1 (RIC1, White Oak Technology Park)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4892338,
      "lon": -77.2474761,
      "city": "Sandston",
      "county": "Henrico",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/richmond-1/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/13685576464",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/13685576464",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed per DCD/BizSense reporting and QTS's own Richmond-1 page: RIC1 campus includes DC1-DC3 at 6000 Technology Blvd, Sandston VA (former Qimonda fab site).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-sacramento-ca",
    "name": "QTS Sacramento",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6463763,
      "lon": -121.4862686,
      "city": "Sacramento",
      "county": "Sacramento",
      "street": "1100 North Market Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95834",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/sacramento/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/194049551",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/194049551",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational, 1100 N Market Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95834, 7-acre campus, 4MW+ critical power.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "SMUD"
    },
    "landAcres": 7,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-salem-township-luzerne-pa",
    "name": "QTS Salem Township Data Center Campus (Salem 2)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1078249,
      "lon": -76.1791155,
      "city": "Salem Township",
      "county": "Luzerne",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "note": "Zoning approval described as already progressing for a 12-building phased campus, with construction targeted for late 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1752841/developers-tout-impacts-of-3-data-center-campuses-zoning-meeting-set-for-wednesday-on-4-3-glenbrook-group-project",
        "label": "Developers tout impacts of 3 data center campuses; Zoning meeting set for Wednesday on 4-3 Glenbrook Group project",
        "publisher": "Times Leader",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Referred to locally as 'Salem 2'. QTS Data Centers, backed by Blackstone, with land aggregated by 4-3 Consulting LLC across about 1,700 acres bought from 96 landowners for more than $500 million. Coordinate is a township-centroid geocode; no parcel-level location has been published, and it therefore coincides with the coordinate used for the separate 4-3 Glenbrook 'Salem 3' record - the two are different land assemblages by different developers.",
    "landAcres": 1700,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-santa-clara-1-ca",
    "name": "QTS Santa Clara 1",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3939862,
      "lon": -121.9783207,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2805 Mission College Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95054",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 7.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/santa-clara/",
        "label": "QTS facility directory",
        "publisher": "QTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/54121151",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/54121151",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed 4-acre multi-building QTS campus at 2805 Mission College Blvd, Santa Clara, CA. Candidate 58708529 is the same campus, ~0.1km away; kept this one, dropped the other as duplicate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "landAcres": 4,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-van-wert-oh",
    "name": "QTS Van Wert Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8696461,
      "lon": -84.5829261,
      "city": "Van Wert",
      "county": "Van Wert",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05-29",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-29",
        "note": "City of Van Wert and QTS jointly announced the campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://q.com/news/city-of-van-wert-and-qts-announce-data-center-campus-in-northwest-ohio/",
        "label": "City of Van Wert and QTS Announce Data Center Campus in Northwest Ohio",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Announced May 29, 2026 with roughly $10 billion of projected capital investment and $200 million in projected tax revenue over 20 years, plus a $100,000 Vantage Career Center partnership and a community betterment fund. Acreage and building count were not stated in the announcement read here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "American Electric Power",
      "notes": "QTS says it will fund 100% of necessary energy infrastructure improvements at no cost to existing energy users, working with AEP."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "QTS states the campus will use a closed-loop cooling system that eliminates water consumption for cooling operations."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1500,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-white-oak-technology-park-ii-henrico-va",
    "name": "QTS White Oak Technology Park II (RIC5)",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.49,
      "lon": -77.27,
      "city": "Sandston",
      "county": "Henrico",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-03",
        "note": "QTS filed to rezone 622 acres in Sandston (White Oak Technology Park II / RIC5)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Henrico Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning; QTS acquired the 622 acres at 3250 & 3555 E. Williamsburg Road for ~$137M",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/henrico-county-approves-622-acre-rezoning-request-for-data-centers-in-virginia/",
        "label": "Henrico County approves 622-acre rezoning request for data centers in Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.henricocitizen.com/articles/conceptual-plan-shows-13-data-centers-on-622-acre-sandston-site/",
        "label": "Conceptual plan shows 13 data centers on 622-acre Sandston site",
        "publisher": "The Henrico Citizen",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/qts-finishes-purchase-of-rezoned-henrico-tech-park-land/",
        "label": "QTS finishes $137M purchase of rezoned Henrico tech park land",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/05/18/data-center-giant-qts-preparing-1100-acre-expansion-that-would-add-17-buildings-to-its-henrico-hub/",
        "label": "QTS progressing on 1,100-acre expansion adding 17 buildings to its Henrico hub",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newsbreak.com/henrico-citizen-560689/3450103309308-henrico-supervisors-approve-rezoning-for-potential-data-center-complex-in-sandston-which-also-could-include-ai-users",
        "label": "Henrico Citizen — Henrico supervisors approve rezoning for potential data center complex in Sandston (May 20, 2024; via NewsBreak syndication)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "622-acre QTS expansion in Sandston/eastern Henrico adjacent to the existing White Oak Technology Park; conceptual plans show as many as 13 data center buildings (approved development plan ~7), on ~236 developed acres with ~386 acres open space. Distinct from Iron Mountain's White Oak campus. QTS is separately advancing a ~1,100-acre / 17-building expansion of its Henrico hub.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "landAcres": 622,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Henrico Board of Supervisors approved the 622-acre rezoning May 14, 2024 after about four hours of discussion; largely negative public feedback at the April 2024 Planning Commission hearing, but several residents spoke in support at the May 14 Board meeting itself — documented concern and support both present.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qts-york-county-sc",
    "name": "QTS York County Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "QTS Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0046528,
      "lon": -81.1001847,
      "county": "York",
      "street": "Hands Mill Highway",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-09-19",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-09-19",
        "note": "S.C. Department of Commerce announced QTS's first South Carolina campus, a $1 billion investment in unincorporated York County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "York County states construction began in 2025, with nine buildings in various stages of development and site plans vested ahead of the county's July 2026 moratorium.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sccommerce.com/news/qts-data-centers-establishing-first-south-carolina-operations-york-county",
        "label": "QTS Data Centers establishing first South Carolina operations in York County",
        "publisher": "South Carolina Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yorkcountysc.gov/1313/Data-Centers",
        "label": "Data Centers — York County, SC (county information page on the QTS campus)",
        "publisher": "York County, South Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Hands+Mill+Highway%2C+York+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Hands Mill Highway, York County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://q.com/data-centers/york/",
        "label": "QTS York County Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "QTS Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Site is near Hands Mill Highway and Campbell Road in unincorporated York County (Clover area). York County sold 173 acres to QTS on 2023-07-26; QTS also purchased additional private land, so total campus acreage exceeds the county-sold figure. investmentUsd reflects the $1 billion figure in the 2023 state announcement; York County's current page cites 'over $8 billion' in committed long-term investment for the campus. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Hands Mill Highway. Re-checked 2026-09-13: the SC Commerce announcement (the record's own listed source) states no megawatt capacity figure and describes QTS only in generic colocation terms, so aiClassification cannot be confirmed for this specific site per contract rule F (an AI/GPU/HPC claim must be site-specific, not inferred from the operator's general business description). No community reception (support, opposition, hearings, or council votes) is documented in this source beyond standard economic-development congratulatory statements from the Governor, York County Council Chairwoman, and Secretary of Commerce, which describe state/county officials' reaction to the investment announcement, not documented public reception of the site by residents — declining to characterize these as community.status per contract's caution against treating officials' remarks as a proxy for public reception. Attempted qtsdatacenters.com (broken redirect to unrelated q.com domain), York County government site search (JS-rendered, no results retrievable via fetch), and a general web search for a capacity figure or local news coverage — all environmentally blocked (WebSearch quota exhausted session-wide at time of this run; DuckDuckGo HTML search returned only a CAPTCHA page; bizjournals.com and heraldonline.com fetches were blocked/refused by the tool). No genuine negative finding is being claimed for capacityMw/aiClassification/community — this is an inconclusive search, not a confirmed absence.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "York Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "York County states the campus uses a closed-loop cooling design that 'saves over 48 million gallons of water annually per data center'; no wells are planned and the site is connected to York County water and sewer utilities."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Coordinating Council for Economic Development Set-Aside grant (to York County for site preparation)",
        "amountUsd": 200000,
        "jurisdiction": "South Carolina",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Fee-in-Lieu of Tax (FILOT) agreement",
        "jurisdiction": "York County, South Carolina",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 173,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "quail-ranch-solar-storage-bernalillo-county-nm",
    "name": "Quail Ranch Solar and Storage",
    "operator": "Clēnera",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2328,
      "lon": -106.663,
      "city": "Rio Rancho",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-06-05",
        "note": "NMPRC approved PNM's 20-year ESA and PPA for the project, with a commercial operation date of November 2, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Project reached commercial operations in April 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/new-mexico-regulator-approves-state-utility-plan-to-add-310mw-of-battery-storage-by-summer-2026/",
        "label": "New Mexico regulator approves state utility plan to add 310MW of battery storage by summer 2026",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.luminatellc.com/cleneras-quail-ranch-project-reaches-commercial-operations/",
        "label": "Clēnera's Quail Ranch project reaches commercial operations",
        "publisher": "Luminate LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "County is deliberately omitted: the PNM regulatory filing places the project in Bernalillo County while the independent engineer's announcement places it at Rio Rancho in Sandoval County. The two sources disagree, so the record carries the city only and the pin is the Rio Rancho locality anchor, not the array footprint — a maintainer should resolve the county against the interconnection or permit record before publishing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "100 MWac of solar paired with a 100 MW / 400 MWh battery system, under a 20-year power purchase agreement and energy storage agreement with PNM approved by the NMPRC."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Reached commercial operation in April 2026. Luminate served as independent engineer."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "quantica-bsdi-billings-mt",
    "name": "Big Sky Digital Infrastructure Campus",
    "operator": "Quantica Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.823,
      "lon": -108.7,
      "city": "Billings",
      "county": "Yellowstone",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "NorthWestern Energy grid + on-site solar, wind, and battery storage",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Big Sky Digital Infrastructure (BSDI) announced by EnCap-backed Quantica Infrastructure; 5,000-acre Yellowstone County campus north of Billings",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Quantica filed interconnection applications with NorthWestern Energy for 1,100 MW at Big Sky Campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/encap-backed-quantica-details-plans-for-1gw-campus-in-montana/",
        "label": "EnCap-backed Quantica Details Plans for 1GW Campus in Montana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://quanticainfra.com/2025/08/04/quantica-infrastructure-introduces-big-sky-digital-infrastructure-as-its-flagship-development-platform-in-montana/",
        "label": "Quantica Introduces Big Sky Digital Infrastructure as Its Flagship Montana Platform",
        "publisher": "Quantica Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "5,100-acre site in Yellowstone County between Broadview and Billings ('north of Billings'). Shovel-ready powered land; grid power expected 2027. Interconnection application filed May 2026 for 1,100 MW. Backed by EnCap Investments (~$2.7B under management). Construction planned to begin 2026. Coordinates approximate between Billings and Broadview.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "NorthWestern Energy",
      "notes": "Phase 1: 500 MW renewable + battery storage by 2030. Phase 2: additional 500 MW by 2031. 40,000 acres under lease for solar, wind, battery development. Grid power from NorthWestern Energy."
    },
    "landAcres": 5000,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Montana energy task force studying data center impacts; NorthWestern Energy's statewide Montana load is ~760 MW total. Multiple proposed MT data centers collectively seeking 1,400 MW more. Northern Plains Resource Council tracking grid and water concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "quantum-frederick-campus-md",
    "name": "Quantum Frederick",
    "operator": "TPG Real Estate Partners / Catellus Development Corporation",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.347656,
      "lon": -77.493847,
      "city": "Frederick",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "street": "5601 Manor Woods Rd",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.catellus.com/updates/statement-from-tpg-real-estate-and-catellus-development-corporation-on-the-quantum-frederick-project",
        "label": "Statement from TPG Real Estate and Catellus Development Corporation on the Quantum Frederick Project",
        "publisher": "Catellus Development Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://business.maryland.gov/news/quantum-loophole-plans-develop-data-center-campus-maryland/",
        "label": "Quantum Loophole Plans to Develop Data Center Campus in Maryland",
        "publisher": "Maryland Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/quantum-frederick-frederick-county-md-maryland-data-center-series-pt-3/",
        "label": "Quantum Frederick, Frederick County, MD: Maryland Data Center Series, Pt. 3",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "This record is the master-planned 2,100-acre park itself (the former Alcoa Eastalco Works site), NOT a duplicate of any single tenant building. The individual tenant campuses already tracked separately in this dataset -- Aligned Data Centers IAD-04/IAD-06 (aligned-quantum-frederick-md, aligned-iad-06-frederick-md) and Rowan Digital Infrastructure Bauxite I/II/III (rowan-digital-frederick-md, rowan-bauxite-ii-frederick-md, rowan-bauxite-iii-frederick-md) -- sit on parcels within this same park and should NOT be re-summed against this record's acreage. Original developer Quantum Loophole, Inc. was removed from active management/development of the project in a Dec. 2025 dispute settlement with its financial partner TPG Real Estate; TPG now serves as Manager and its affiliate Catellus Development Corporation as Developer, per Catellus's own statement ('TPG Real Estate and Quantum Loophole, Inc. have resolved their dispute over management and development of the 2,100-acre data center campus... Quantum Loophole will no longer have any active involvement in managing or developing the Project.'). The Frederick County Council separately created a Critical Digital Infrastructure Overlay Zone in January 2026 that expanded the area eligible for data-center development around this site by nearly 1,000 acres, but that is a zoning designation, not confirmed additional owned/developed acreage, so it is not included in landAcres here. CORRECTION: this record's `notes` field states the Quantum Loophole / TPG dispute was resolved in a 'Dec. 2025 dispute settlement.' Primary sources -- Catellus's own statement and Quantum Loophole's own statement, both published/dated 2024-12-23 -- show the settlement and mutual litigation dismissal occurred in DECEMBER 2024, not December 2025. The operator field and the substance of what happened (Quantum Loophole removed from active management/development, TPG + Catellus took over) are already correct and need no change -- only the year cited in the notes prose is wrong. Re-checked 2026-09-13 for any further operator/ownership change since: found none; TPG Real Estate / Catellus Development Corporation remain the manager/developer of record, no new litigation found.",
    "landAcres": 2100,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "quantum-park-data-center-ashburn-loudoun-va",
    "name": "Quantum Park Data Center Expansion",
    "operator": "Quantum Park LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.011,
      "lon": -77.464,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-12",
        "note": "The Loudoun County Planning Commission voted 7-1-1 on February 12, 2026 to recommend approval of the zoning concept plan amendment; the Board of Supervisors is scheduled to decide on October 20, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.loudountimes.com/news/politics_and_government/levels_of_government/county/planning-commission-sends-quantum-park-data-center-project-to-supervisors/article_2529879e-8cdc-4a1f-a376-28d748b851bd.html",
        "label": "Planning Commission sends Quantum Park data center project to supervisors",
        "publisher": "Loudoun Times-Mirror",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/loudoun/data-centers-in-loudoun-a-primer/",
        "label": "Data Centers in Loudoun: A Primer — Upcoming Decisions",
        "publisher": "The Piedmont Environmental Council",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Loudoun County application LEGI-2023-0097. Continued conversion of the former Verizon Federal Operations campus — now branded Quantum Park — between Loudoun County Parkway and Waxpool Road in Ashburn to data center use. The amendment would permit additional data center, substation and office uses; reporting describes two new data center buildings and a substation on roughly 40 acres within the office campus. The applicant lowered building heights and changed architects before the commission vote. Commissioner Dale Polen opposed.",
    "landAcres": 40,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "quest-roseville-habc-ca",
    "name": "Quest Roseville HABC",
    "operator": "Quest Technology Management",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.78829,
      "lon": -121.313874,
      "city": "Roseville",
      "county": "Placer",
      "street": "9000 Foothills Boulevard",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacentercatalog.com/usa/quest-roseville-habc",
        "label": "Quest Roseville HABC Data Center located in California, USA - Data Center Catalog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Quest's 'High Availability Business Center' — the operator describes it as one of two Quest network-operations-center/colocation sites in California (the other named as McClellan BRC in Sacramento County, not yet in this dataset and not independently verified this session). Offers colocation, disaster-recovery, and business-resumption space; HIPAA, PCI DSS, SOC 1/2/3, SSAE 18 certified. A third-party aggregator lists 8 MW for this site but this session could not confirm the figure from a source it directly fetched, so capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "quiet-data-centers-enfield-halifax-county-nc",
    "name": "Project Q — Quiet Data Centers Enfield (Halifax County)",
    "operator": "Quiet Data Centers Halifax Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.18,
      "lon": -77.66889,
      "city": "Enfield",
      "county": "Halifax",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 88
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Halifax County held a special meeting on the conveyance; property closing expected Sept. 18, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.rrdailyherald.com/news/local/data-center-proposal-draws-questions-concerns-at-public-hearing/article_adb332bd-e1fd-52f6-b8af-32e9a86d475e.html",
        "label": "Data center proposal draws questions, concerns at public hearing",
        "publisher": "Rocky Mount / Roanoke Rapids Daily Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/central-north-carolina-data-center-plans-april-2026/",
        "label": "Data centers on hold: how each county in central NC is handling data center plans (Halifax County, 251-acre site, Quiet Data Centers)",
        "publisher": "WRAL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "County-owned 251-acre industrial site off Trestle Road near U.S. 301 outside Enfield; the data center campus itself is described as roughly 14–15 acres with a 90,000–100,000 sq ft building. Phase 1 about 38 MW, final about 88 MW. Minimum contractual commitment is a $250M taxable investment and 50 permanent jobs; the company said the eventual investment could approach $1 billion — that larger figure is aspirational, not committed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion",
      "notes": "Company said electricity would be sourced through Dominion, with the company covering transmission/substation costs and no rate subsidy from residential customers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.0025,
      "notes": "Developer described roughly 2,500 gallons per day in a closed-loop cooling system."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "landAcres": 251,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Halifax County Board of Commissioners held a public hearing on 2026-08-28 for the ~251-acre Enfield site ('Project Q'). Genuinely mixed reception: Halifax Electric's CEO and residents raised rate-subsidization and low-frequency-noise concerns; Enfield Mayor Mondale Robinson and a Roanoke Rapids commissioner criticized the county for excluding the municipality from early wastewater talks and called the process 'backroom dealings' (the initial Nov. 3, 2025 property hearing did not disclose the buyer was a data-center company, citing economic-development confidentiality); other speakers were supportive or conditionally supportive, focused on local-hire commitments. No vote occurred at the hearing; closing was expected 2026-09-18. No wage/job guarantee was legally binding per the county attorney -- only a 'good-faith effort.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "qumulusai-denton-tx",
    "name": "QumulusAI Denton Modular Data Center",
    "operator": "QumulusAI, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2148,
      "lon": -97.1331,
      "city": "Denton",
      "county": "Denton",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-01",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/qumulusai-denton-tx",
        "label": "QumulusAI: Denton, TX Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "Up to eight prefabricated modules on ~4 leased acres near Western Boulevard/Jim Christal Road, next to the RD Wells substation; approved January 2026, city land lease ~$20k/yr for 10 years. Designed for AI and cryptomining workloads, closed-loop water-free cooling, PUE target 1.1. Site is ~1.9 miles from the existing Core Scientific Denton facility already tracked -- different operator, different parcel.",
    "landAcres": 4,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rack59-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "RACK59 Data Center",
    "operator": "RACK59",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4676,
      "lon": -97.5164,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "7725 W Reno Ave, Suite 304",
      "postalCode": "73127",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Operator markets the facility as an operating mission-critical colocation site with 30+ carrier connections.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://rack59.com/",
        "label": "RACK59 Data Center — operator site",
        "publisher": "RACK59",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (RACK59, 7725 W Reno Ave, ~30,000 sq ft)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "capacityMw deliberately omitted: the operator's own site advertises 175 MW while third-party listings report ~40 MW, and no filing reconciles the two. Coordinates are an Oklahoma City centroid approximation; the street address is exact.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "racksquared-columbus-oh",
    "name": "Racksquared Data Center (Columbus)",
    "operator": "Racksquared Data Centers, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.966878,
      "lon": -82.992615,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "street": "325 E Spring Street",
      "postalCode": "43215",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=OH&limit=200",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — Ohio (API query)",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Downtown Columbus colocation facility registered in PeeringDB with building-level coordinates. Capacity and floor area are not recorded here because no primary source stating them was read.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "radius-dc-raleigh-1-wake-county-nc",
    "name": "Radius DC Raleigh I",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (annexation petitioner: Radius DC Raleigh I)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.7289,
      "lon": -78.5776,
      "city": "Raleigh",
      "county": "Wake",
      "street": "3101 Jones Sausage Road",
      "postalCode": "27529",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-18",
        "note": "Annexation petition AX-009-26 for 13.646 acres at 3101 Jones Sausage Road (Wake PIN 1722731048) set for Raleigh City Council public hearing; the developer proposes a ~100,000 sq ft data center on land already zoned industrial mixed use.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cityofraleigh0drupal.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/drupal-prod/COR22/AX-009-26.pdf",
        "label": "Petition for Annexation into Raleigh City Limits — Radius DC Raleigh I, 3101 Jones Sausage Road (AX-009-26)",
        "publisher": "City of Raleigh Planning and Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/proposed-raleigh-data-center-prompts-dozens-to-sign-up-to-comment-august-2026/",
        "label": "Proposed Raleigh data center prompts dozens to sign up to comment",
        "publisher": "WRAL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Project name, address, acreage and parcel ID are taken from the City of Raleigh annexation petition itself. The operating company is not named in the petition, so operator is left undisclosed rather than inferred from the project name.",
    "landAcres": 13.646,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 100 people signed up to comment on the annexation; of 32 registered speakers, 30 opposed. Concerns centered on traffic and neighborhood impacts. Mayor Janet Cowell said her sense was that council was 'not looking favorably on it'.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "radiusdc-miami-i-sweetwater-fl",
    "name": "RadiusDC Miami I",
    "operator": "RadiusDC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.7871,
      "lon": -80.3839,
      "city": "Sweetwater",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "11300 NW 25th St",
      "postalCode": "33172",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 9.2,
      "operational": 3.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/radiusdc-announces-acquisition-of-network-centric-data-center-in-miami-302220596.html",
        "label": "RadiusDC Announces Acquisition of Network-Centric Data Center in Miami",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / RadiusDC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lightwaveonline.com/data-center/article/55132665/radiusdc-acquires-south-florida-data-center",
        "label": "RadiusDC Acquires South Florida Data Center",
        "publisher": "Lightwave",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ipis-radiusdc-acquires-miami-data-center/",
        "label": "IPI's RadiusDC Acquires Miami Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/radiusdc-miami-i",
        "label": "RadiusDC Miami I facility profile",
        "publisher": "baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.loopnet.com/property/11300-nw-25th-st-miami-fl-33172/12086-2530310210013/",
        "label": "11300 NW 25th St property record (Miami-Dade parcel 25-3031-021-0013)",
        "publisher": "LoopNet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral, telecom-focused colocation facility with an 11-provider meet-me-room; originally built for Telefonica's own use (\"KeyCenter\" lineage), sold to Asterion in 2019, passed through Nabiax and Actis-owned NextStream before IPI Partners-backed RadiusDC acquired it (announced Aug 13, 2024). 3.2 MW operational with an announced expansion to 9.2 MW expected in 2026 (sources disagree on exact quarter -- H1 2026 vs Q3 2026); RadiusDC also cites 15+ MW as long-term site potential, which is aspirational and not a disclosed capacity figure -- omitted as a data point. Financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. City is confirmed as Sweetwater via the Miami-Dade County parcel record (APN 25-3031-021-0013); one aggregator (datacenters.com) labels a same-site legacy Telefonica listing \"Doral,\" likely a stale pre-rebrand mislabel outweighed by the parcel record and primary press coverage.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "radiusdc-nashville-i-tn",
    "name": "RadiusDC Nashville I",
    "operator": "RadiusDC",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.27987,
      "lon": -86.7837,
      "city": "Nashville",
      "county": "Davidson",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 12
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.radius-dc.com/newsroom-and-events/radiusdc-breaks-ground-on-largest-data-center-in-nashville",
        "label": "RadiusDC Breaks Ground on Largest Data Center in Nashville",
        "publisher": "RadiusDC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/guide-data-centers-tennessee-could-081728521.html",
        "label": "Your guide to data centers in Tennessee and how they could affect you",
        "publisher": "The Tennessean (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/radiusdc-expands-its-footprint-with-a-new-data-center-colocation-facility-in-nashville-tn-302393935.html",
        "label": "RadiusDC Expands its Footprint with a New Data Center Colocation Facility in Nashville, TN (March 6, 2025)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / RadiusDC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator describes a closed-loop cooling system that uses little to no water; classified closed_loop because a recirculating water circuit is present."
    },
    "landAcres": 12,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "radiusdc-plainfield-hendricks-county-in",
    "name": "RadiusDC Plainfield Campus (Indy I / Indy II)",
    "operator": "RadiusDC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7416036,
      "lon": -86.35343,
      "city": "Plainfield",
      "county": "Hendricks",
      "street": "9323 AllPoints Parkway",
      "postalCode": "46168",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Operator markets a developing purpose-built colocation campus; public trackers list the campus as planned.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.radius-dc.com/location/indianapolis",
        "label": "Indianapolis Data Center | RadiusDC Location",
        "publisher": "RadiusDC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/indiana/",
        "label": "Indiana Data Center Map (RadiusDC Plainfield Campus, 24 MW, planned)",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Two buildings marketed as Indy I and Indy II, roughly 100,000 sq ft and 12 MW each (200,000 sq ft / 24 MW total), concurrently maintainable N+1, up to 400 W/sq ft, 24 hours of on-site fuel. Status is recorded as proposed because both trackers read this session list the campus as planned while the operator page markets in-service data-hall specifications; the two are in tension and a permit-level source would be needed to resolve it.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Indiana"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "raeden-detroit-carrier-hotel-mi",
    "name": "Raeden Detroit Carrier Hotel (615 W Lafayette)",
    "operator": "Raeden",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.32854,
      "lon": -83.053799,
      "city": "Detroit",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "street": "615 W Lafayette Blvd",
      "postalCode": "48226",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.4
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-11",
        "note": "Bedrock and Raeden's Detroit Carrier Hotel at 615 West Lafayette \"began operations in November 2022\"; 0.4 MW.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bedrockdetroit.com/press-releases/bedrock-and-raeden-partner-to-bring-first-carrier-hotel-to-downtown-detroit/",
        "label": "Bedrock and Raeden Partner to Bring First Carrier Hotel to Downtown Detroit",
        "publisher": "Bedrock Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://raeden.com/data-centers/detroit/",
        "label": "Detroit Data Centers — RAEDEN (operator site)",
        "publisher": "Raeden",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MI&limit=250",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry API — record \"Raeden Michigan 1\", 615 W Lafayette Blvd, Detroit 48226",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Carrier hotel in the former Detroit News Building, a Bedrock-owned property, at the intersection of long-haul fiber routes. Raeden's own site lists a 500 kVA UPS for this site; the 0.4 MW figure is the Bedrock press release's, recorded as stated without conversion. PeeringDB registers the facility as \"Raeden Michigan 1\".",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "raeden-gibraltar-mclouth-mi",
    "name": "Gibraltar Data Center (former McLouth Steel site)",
    "operator": "Raeden (with Cal Realty / Ferragon Corp.)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.106282080203,
      "lon": -83.196799127817,
      "city": "Gibraltar",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "street": "27800 W. Jefferson Avenue",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Application submitted to the city; the city asked for additional detail.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "City council passed a one-year data-center moratorium on 2026-03-09, halting consideration.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Developers filed suit on 2026-08-17 seeking a declaration that the moratorium is invalid and an order compelling the city to approve the plans.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/08/gibraltar-faces-data-center-lawsuit/",
        "label": "Gibraltar faces data center developer lawsuit after city passes moratorium",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "100 MW proposal on the former McLouth Steel plant site (operated from the 1950s to 1996, now a steel processing site) at 27800 W. Jefferson Ave., with an adjacent Superfund property at 28000 W. Jefferson. Status remains 'proposed', not 'cancelled': the application is blocked by the moratorium and is the subject of active litigation, not a denial. CONFIRMED ABSENCES: no acreage, investment figure, water figure, or job count is stated in either source. The '80,000 households' comparison is the source's characterisation of the 100 MW draw, not an additional measured figure. Coordinates are the US Census geocoder's match for the street address named in the source; the parcel is not confirmed.",
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Gibraltar City Council passed a one-year data-center moratorium on 2026-03-09, after Raeden had already submitted its application. Raeden and Cal Realty sued the city on 2026-08-17 in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (Judge Robert White), alleging the moratorium unfairly singles out their application and that an application submitted in good faith is entitled to review under the pre-moratorium ordinance. Residents raised concerns about grid strain — the source characterises the facility's draw as equivalent to 80,000 households — and about impacts on the neighbouring Humbug Marsh wildlife refuge.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "raeden-grand-crossing-south-city-of-industry-ca",
    "name": "Grand Crossing South - Building 10",
    "operator": "Raeden",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0051077,
      "lon": -117.8333142,
      "city": "City of Industry",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "110 Marcellin Drive",
      "postalCode": "91789",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investigatela.org/2026/03/02/city-of-industry-discussed-data-center-sites-months-before-zoning-vote/",
        "label": "City of Industry discussed data center sites months before zoning vote",
        "publisher": "Investigate LA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investigatela.org/2026/02/11/nobody-is-really-paying-attention-city-of-industry-zoning-and-energy-moves-raise-data-center-concerns/",
        "label": "Nobody is really paying attention: City of Industry zoning and energy moves raise data center concerns",
        "publisher": "Investigate LA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lataco.com/stop-sgv-data-center-building",
        "label": "How to Stop A Data Center in Your Backyard",
        "publisher": "L.A. TACO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.majesticrealty.com/projects/grand-crossing-south/",
        "label": "Grand Crossing South project page",
        "publisher": "Majestic Realty Co.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://raeden.com/data-centers/",
        "label": "Raeden data centers overview",
        "publisher": "Raeden Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "December 2025: Raeden Inc. proposed leasing 'Building 10' (110 Marcellin Drive) within Majestic Realty's 290-acre Grand Crossing South business park for a data center, requesting up to 30 MVA (an apparent-power unit, not converted to a MW figure since no source discloses one). No lease is confirmed executed; City of Industry directed consultants to plan the site as a future data center 'whether with Raeden or another tenant.' aiClassification set to 'likely' on the strength of Raeden's company-wide AI/HPC/neocloud-focused business model (150kW+/rack, liquid cooling, GPU-cloud tenants), though no site-specific tenant or spec has been disclosed yet. Investment/acreage/jobs not disclosed for this specific building (Grand Crossing South's 290 acres covers the whole multi-building park, not this parcel alone) and are omitted. ZIP 91789 spans both City of Industry and Diamond Bar - jurisdiction resolved to City of Industry via the city government body actively considering this project, not postal city alone; recommend parcel/APN-level confirmation in a future pass. Distinct from the unrelated Puente Hills Mall/MARICI battery-storage project in the same city (rezoned for battery storage, not a data center, in Feb 2026). Coordinates are an approximate representative point within the Grand Crossing master-planned development (the specific private road 'Marcellin Drive' is not indexed in OpenStreetMap), not a parcel-confirmed point. Proposed tenant; developer: Majestic Realty.",
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "Organized, citywide opposition to City of Industry data-center development exists (an 18,000-signature 'No Data Centers SGV Coalition' petition per LA TACO, and a separate Action Network petition titled 'No Data Centers in City of Industry!'), but no source names Raeden or this specific building as the target of that opposition - the opposition is citywide/policy-level, not project-specific.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "raeden-one-campus-martius-detroit-mi",
    "name": "Raeden One Campus Martius (1050 Woodward)",
    "operator": "Raeden",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.332695679242,
      "lon": -83.047534477833,
      "city": "Detroit",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "street": "1050 Woodward Ave",
      "postalCode": "48226",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://raeden.com/data-centers/detroit/",
        "label": "Detroit Data Centers — RAEDEN: \"10,000 square feet of enterprise, purpose-built colocation\" with \"3MW of scalable power\" at 1050 Woodward Ave.",
        "publisher": "Raeden",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=1050+Woodward+Ave%2C+Detroit%2C+MI+48226&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Bureau geocoder match for 1050 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48226",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Second Raeden Detroit site, separate from the 615 W Lafayette carrier hotel. 3 MW is described by the operator as \"scalable power\" (design capacity), so it is recorded as planned rather than operational. Single-operator sourcing — confidence held at reported. Coordinates are an address geocode, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "raeden-taurus-colorado-springs-co",
    "name": "Raeden Project Taurus",
    "operator": "Raeden",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.8339,
      "lon": -104.8214,
      "city": "Colorado Springs",
      "county": "El Paso",
      "street": "1565 High Tech Way",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "A 50 MW data center approved at the former Intel plant in Colorado Springs",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/50mw-data-center-could-be-built-in-colorado-springs/",
        "label": "50MW data center could be built in Colorado Springs",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://socodigest.com/2026/07/25/project-taurus-raeden-data-center-appeals-denied-colorado-springs-2026-2/",
        "label": "SoCoDigest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gazette.com/2026/06/12/colorado-springs-administratively-approves-data-center-on-garden-of-the-gods-road/",
        "label": "Colorado Springs administratively approves data center on Garden of the Gods Road (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Colorado Springs Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gazette.com/2026/03/28/large-data-center-may-be-heading-to-former-computer-chip-facility-in-colorado-springs/",
        "label": "Large data center may be heading to former computer chip facility in Colorado Springs (read via Internet Archive)",
        "publisher": "Colorado Springs Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "50 MW data center at the former Intel plant in Colorado Springs, El Paso County. Coordinates are the Colorado Springs area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Colorado Springs Utilities",
      "notes": "Raeden's co-founder says the project is cleared to use a maximum of 50 MW — about half what the building was rated to draw as an Intel chip plant — against a Colorado Springs Utilities peak-day output of 976 MW per its 2025 report. Backup only: 30 standby generators are planned, sited near Garden of the Gods Road and screened by sound walls."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Air-cooled closed-loop system with 36 chillers (34 typically running at 75%); the developer says the roughly 200,000 gallons in the loop are not replenished because there is no evaporation, leaving only domestic water use for occupants."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Colorado Springs Planning Commission voted 6-2 (July 2026) to deny five appeals of the project's staff-level administrative approval — filed by a resident and an advocacy group — after a marathon public hearing, attaching conditions (a 50MW power cap and low-frequency infrasound monitoring).",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "ranalli-lysander-ny",
    "name": "Ranalli Lysander Data Center",
    "operator": "Ranalli",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.17,
      "lon": -76.39,
      "city": "Lysander",
      "county": "Onondaga",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Early-stage hyperscale data center proposal on ~120 acres in Lysander, Onondaga County; interconnection request up to 300 MW",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/public/data-centers/new-york/2042/ranalli-lysander-data-center",
        "label": "Ranalli Lysander Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/politics/articles/lysander-project-paused-hochul-imposes-230024577.html",
        "label": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.eaglenewsonline.com/baldwinsville_messenger/possible-massive-data-center-in-lysander-faces-community-opposition-town-attorney-to-draft-moratorium/article_635b1885-9f97-4747-bdf4-604d468fc641.html",
        "label": "Possible massive data center in Lysander faces community opposition, town attorney to draft moratorium",
        "publisher": "Eagle News Online / Baldwinsville Messenger",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "iso_queue"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cnycentral.com/news/local/onondaga-county-launches-500k-study-to-guide-towns-on-ai-data-centers-executive-mcmahon-lysander-town-board-water-department-environmental-health-economic-planning",
        "label": "Onondaga County launches $500K study to guide towns on AI data centers",
        "publisher": "CNY Central",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Early-stage proposal on ~120 acres in Lysander, Onondaga County, with a grid interconnection request of up to 300 MW. Very early / single-source → confidence rumored. Coordinates are the Lysander area centroid. NO STATUS CHANGE — the status moved AWAY from advancing, not toward it. Lysander adopted a six-month data-center moratorium on 2026-05-07 after organised opposition, so the project remains proposed with no local approval. Community reception is documented as opposition ('Citizens Against Lysander Data Center'); the record already carries a community value so I have not proposed overwriting it. Note the acreage differs between sources (124 acres in the Eagle News piece, 120 in Rockefeller) — not resolved, and landAcres is already populated.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "National Grid",
      "notes": "Ranalli Super DC, LLC filed a NYISO grid-interconnection request in May 2025 for 300 MW; no on-site generation is described in the sources."
    },
    "landAcres": 120,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Gov. Hochul's July 14, 2026 executive order imposes a one-year statewide freeze on hyperscale (>50MW) data-center permits and explicitly names the Lysander proposal as caught by it (its ~300MW interconnection request exceeds the threshold); this followed months of residents packing town meetings over electric demand.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "range-act-gillette-campbell-county-wy",
    "name": "Range (ACT) Gillette Data Center",
    "operator": "Advanced Communications Technology (Range)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.2437,
      "lon": -105.4846,
      "city": "Gillette",
      "county": "Campbell",
      "street": "845 Southern Drive",
      "postalCode": "82718",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/datacenters/north-america/usa/wyoming",
        "label": "Data Centers in Wyoming, United States — facility and address listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=845+Southern+Drive%2C+Gillette%2C+Wyoming&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Southern Drive Industrial Park, Gillette, Campbell County, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Small carrier-neutral colocation facility operated by Advanced Communications Technology, the colocation arm of Range Telephone Cooperative (trading as Range). No capacity, square footage or build date is published on a source fetched this session. Listed via a colocation marketplace directory and geocoded to the Southern Drive Industrial Park; the operator has not published a facility page for it, so a maintainer should confirm before publishing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "range-act-wheatland-platte-county-wy",
    "name": "Range (ACT) Wheatland Data Center",
    "operator": "Advanced Communications Technology (Range)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0452,
      "lon": -104.9579,
      "city": "Wheatland",
      "county": "Platte",
      "street": "1651 Cole Street",
      "postalCode": "82201",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/datacenters/north-america/usa/wyoming",
        "label": "Data Centers in Wyoming, United States — facility and address listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=1651+Cole+Street%2C+Wheatland%2C+Wyoming&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Cole Street, Wheatland, Platte County, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Small carrier-neutral colocation facility operated by Advanced Communications Technology (Range). Directory listings describe roughly 1 MW of power capacity with a redundant power system; that figure is not recorded here because it was not confirmed on a source fetched this session. Distinct from the separately proposed Site Layer 4 campus northeast of Wheatland — this is an existing in-town telecom colocation site. Coordinates are a street-level geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rattlesnake-creek-wind-dixon-ne",
    "name": "Rattlesnake Creek Wind Project",
    "operator": "Enel Green Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.35,
      "lon": -96.8,
      "county": "Dixon",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 320
    },
    "announcedDate": "2017",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018",
        "note": "101-turbine, 320 MW wind farm began operations in Dixon County in 2018; Facebook (Meta) contracted for its Sarpy County data center's renewable supply.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.enelgreenpower.com/our-projects/operating/rattlesnake-creek-wind-project",
        "label": "Rattlesnake Creek Wind Project — 320 MW, 101 turbines, Dixon County NE, $430 million local investment, ~1,300 GWh/year; powers Facebook's Sarpy Data Center; Adobe purchasing 10 MW",
        "publisher": "Enel Green Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/wind/facebooka-s-nebraska-data-center-will-be-20171020",
        "label": "Facebook's Nebraska data center will be powered by wind — 320 MW Rattlesnake Creek in Dixon County, ~100 miles from the Papillion data center; Facebook taking 200 MW; originally developed by Tradewind Energy",
        "publisher": "Renewable Energy Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/sarpy-data-center-info-sheet/",
        "label": "Meta's Sarpy Data Center info sheet — 'A Meta-supported project is adding 320 megawatts of new renewable energy in Nebraska'",
        "publisher": "Meta",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "320 MW / 101-turbine wind farm in Dixon County, northeast Nebraska, between the towns of Allen, Emerson and Wakefield — about 100 miles from the data center it serves. Built by Enel Green Power with $430 million of local investment; generates around 1,300 GWh/year, avoiding a reported 940,000 tons of CO2 annually. Enel's own project page states the plant powers Facebook's (Meta's) Sarpy data center — the named generation behind the '100% renewable' claim on meta-sarpy-springfield-ne, whose notes reference 'a wind farm in Dixon County' without naming it. Meta's own Sarpy info sheet independently states 'A Meta-supported project is adding 320 megawatts of new renewable energy in Nebraska', matching this project's nameplate exactly. Facebook's initial contracted share was 200 MW of the 320 MW, with the remaining 120 MW to other buyers and Adobe holding a 10 MW slice; Facebook was reported to take the full output over time. Originally conceived by Kansas-based Tradewind Energy in 2013. This is a contracted PPA resource on the grid, NOT behind-the-meter generation. Coordinates are an approximate centroid of the Allen/Emerson/Wakefield project area, NOT a turbine-array geocode. CAVEAT on 'primary is not current': the operator field records Enel Green Power as stated on the project's own live page fetched this session; Enel's US renewables portfolio has been subject to divestment activity industry-wide, so present ownership should be re-verified before publishing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "notes": "Around 1,300 GWh of generation annually; equivalent to over 105,000 US households."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 430000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "offtaker": "Meta (Facebook)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-sarpy-springfield-ne"
      ],
      "notes": "Facebook contracted 200 MW of the 320 MW nameplate at announcement and was reported to take the full output over time; Adobe holds a separate 10 MW slice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rb-inyokern-data-center-ca",
    "name": "RB Inyokern Data Center",
    "operator": "R&L Capital, Inc.",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.631817,
      "lon": -117.807864,
      "city": "Inyokern",
      "county": "Kern",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 99
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-08",
        "note": "R&L Capital, Inc. filed a Small Power Plant Exemption (SPPE) application with the California Energy Commission (Docket 26-SPPE-01) for a phased 30-35 MW to 65-70 MW to 99 MW backup-generation buildout.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/rb-inyokern-data-center",
        "label": "RB Inyokern Data Center - CEC backup generating system docket page",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=26-SPPE-01",
        "label": "CEC Docket Log - 26-SPPE-01",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=271058&DocumentContentId=108645",
        "label": "CEC filing TN 271058 - site/APN detail, SCE interconnection, phased capacity buildout",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tehachapinews.com/news/data-center-proposed-in-inyokern-draws-water-other-concerns-in-east-kern/article_dc8cc3da-77d1-5e5f-a1bf-2c22444680a6.html",
        "label": "Data center proposed in Inyokern draws water, other concerns in East Kern",
        "publisher": "Tehachapi News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://roadrunner395.com/2026/04/26/say-it-isnt-so-an-ai-data-center-is-coming-to-downtown-inyokern/",
        "label": "Say it isn't so: an AI data center is coming to downtown Inyokern",
        "publisher": "Roadrunner395",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kget.com/news/local-news/proposed-inyokern-data-center-could-use-12-to-16-million-gallons-of-water-annually/amp/",
        "label": "Proposed Inyokern data center could use 12 to 16 million gallons of water annually",
        "publisher": "KGET 17",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://somachlaw.com/policy-alert/ai-data-center-environmental-review-proposed-inyokern-data-center-highlights-water-use-concerns/",
        "label": "AI Data Center Environmental Review: Proposed Inyokern Data Center Highlights Water-Use Concerns",
        "publisher": "Somach Law",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Unincorporated Kern County site south of West Inyokern Road (Hwy 178) and west of North Brown Road (APNs 084-010-43, -44, -45 portion; broader ~95-acre study area across 19 APNs). The CEC SPPE docket formally governs 40 diesel backup generator sets rated to 99 MW combined backup capacity, described by the CEC as not electrically interconnected to the transmission or distribution grid; primary power is a separate 115 kV interconnection to Southern California Edison. Proposer entities per the primary CEC filing: Intuva Inc. and Valley Wide Engineering & Construction, alongside applicant R&L Capital, Inc. (CEO Robbie Barker). Unconfirmed pending a direct read of the CEC Basis-of-Design filing: press claims of '6 modular data halls' and on-site canopy solar. Jobs figures are inconsistent across sources (30-60 permanent, 1,600 temporary construction, and a softer 530-total-including-indirect claim, all secondary/company-sourced) and are omitted from the structured jobs field for that reason. Investment (~$250M) is a company estimate reported by Tehachapi News, not seen in a primary filing. A Phase I cultural resources survey found no CRHR-eligible or tribal cultural resources (NAHC response negative, 2026-03-16). Distinct from the already-tracked Golden Valley Technology Hub (Beacon/CRC, Elk Hills) - different operator, site, capacity, and power model. Coordinates are an approximate road-intersection geocode near North Brown Road, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Southern California Edison (SCE)",
      "notes": "Primary power via a 115 kV grid interconnection; the 99 MW SPPE docket capacity is diesel backup generation, not the grid draw."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "landAcres": 55.54,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Active opposition (Ridgecrest City Councilman Skip Gorman; the Indian Wells Valley groundwater basin is in critical overdraft, with water-use estimates ranging from the company's claim of 50 acre-ft/yr or less to opposition estimates of approximately 500 acre-ft/yr) alongside organized labor support - IBEW Local 47 and regional Building & Construction Trades Councils have filed CEC letters of support. Filed at 99 MW, just under the 100 MW threshold that would trigger a more rigorous CEC Application for Certification instead of the lighter SPPE exemption.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "rck-crossroads-technology-campus-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Crossroads Technology Campus",
    "operator": "RCK Digital Crossroads LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.2445,
      "lon": -77.4334,
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/3206/SUP26-0003-Crossroads-Technology-Campus",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County official case page — SUP26-0003 Crossroads Technology Campus",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/40291/SUP-Application",
        "label": "SUP26-0003 Special Use Permit Application (applicant RCK Digital Crossroads LLC, a Delaware LLC)",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Previously only an mlq.ai aggregator lead — now confirmed via a REAL county case. Spotsylvania County special-use case SUP26-0003 'Crossroads Technology Campus'; applicant 'RCK Digital Crossroads LLC' (Delaware, McLean-based) per the county's SUP Application PDF. ~633 acres at the NW intersection of Benchmark Rd (Rt 608) and US-17 (Mills Dr), Lee Hill District, ~2.2-2.3M sq ft of data-center buildings plus three substations. Actively contested (packed BOS/planning-commission meetings, week of 2026-07-16). Distinct from all tracked records. MW not disclosed (sq ft only) -> omitted. Parcel/GPIN ",
    "landAcres": 633,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Actively contested — packed Board of Supervisors / Planning Commission meetings (July 2026)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rcm-hill-project-aquila-hill-county-tx",
    "name": "Project Aquila",
    "operator": "RCM Hill, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.03,
      "lon": -97.13,
      "county": "Hill",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1235
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/05/28/illegal-under-texas-law-data-center-developer-files-lawsuit-against-hill-county-moratorium/",
        "label": "Data center developer files lawsuit against Hill County moratorium",
        "publisher": "KWTX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/06/04/hill-county-commissioners-court-rescinds-moratorium-data-center-wake-lawsuit/",
        "label": "KWTX: Hill County Commissioners Court rescinds moratorium on data center in the wake of lawsuit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Unincorporated Hill County, near Hillsboro, ~55 mi south of Fort Worth. $80M+ land acquisition. A $61.75M ERCOT 'Batch Zero' capacity deposit was due July 24, 2026. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Brazos Electric Power Cooperative / Hilco Electric Cooperative (via Lone Star Transmission and ERCOT interconnection)",
      "notes": "RCM Hill LLC's Project Aquila is a planned 1,235 MW data center on 800+ contiguous acres in unincorporated Hill County, TX."
    },
    "landAcres": 800,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Hill County's 1-year moratorium (passed 3-2, May 12, 2026) was rescinded June 4, 2026 after RCM Hill filed a $100M federal lawsuit, which remains active seeking damages.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "red-ace-data-center-culpeper-va",
    "name": "Red Ace Data Center",
    "operator": "Red Ace Capital Management",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.474,
      "lon": -77.997,
      "city": "Culpeper",
      "county": "Culpeper",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-07-01",
        "note": "69.19 acres rezoned Rural to Light Industrial (4-3 vote, July 2026).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-campus-in-virginias-culpeper-county-gets-approval/",
        "label": "Data center campus in Virginia's Culpeper County gets approval",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "69.19 acres rezoned Rural to Light Industrial (4-3 vote, July 2026); 1.16M sq ft, on-site substation, completion targeted 2028.",
    "investmentUsd": 350000000,
    "landAcres": 69.19,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Rezoning (Rural to Light Industrial) approved on a divided 4-3 vote, July 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "red-post-maverick-project-wise-va",
    "name": "Maverick Project (Wise Innovation Hub power supply)",
    "operator": "Red Post Energy Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.99,
      "lon": -82.53,
      "county": "Wise",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-18",
        "note": "Red Post Energy Group and Wise Innovation Hub Venture executed a Letter of Intent for the phased power plant",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/red-post-energy-to-develop-natural-gas-power-solution-for-planned-data-center-in-wise-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Red Post Energy to develop power solution for planned data center in Wise County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/02/25/data-center-complex-with-gas-power-plant-planned-for-wise-county/",
        "label": "Data center complex with gas power plant planned for Wise County",
        "publisher": "Cardinal News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://appvoices.org/2026/03/13/wise-county-maverick-project/",
        "label": "Wise County considers new gas infrastructure for data center project (Maverick Project)",
        "publisher": "Appalachian Voices",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/red-post-energy-and-wise-innovation-hub-venture-oasis-execute-letter-of-intent-to-advance-power-infrastructure-for-major-data-center-development-in-southwest-virginia-302645511.html",
        "label": "Red Post Energy and Wise Innovation Hub Venture (OASIS) Execute Letter of Intent to Advance Power Infrastructure for Major Data Center Development in Southwest Virginia",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Dedicated phased power project (up to 600 MW) anchoring a planned Wise County data-center hub; coordinates approximate to the Lonesome Pine Regional Business & Technology Park.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Phased dedicated power for the Wise Innovation Hub data-center cluster: begins with a 100 MW plant, scaling up to 600 MW. Red Post's preferred fuel is hydrogen; natural gas is the stated fallback (Plan B)."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "offtaker": "Wise Innovation Hub",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "wise-innovation-hub-wise-va"
      ],
      "notes": "At/adjacent to the Lonesome Pine Regional Business & Technology Park (near Lonesome Pine Regional Airport), Wise County, on former mined land. Governed by a 2025-12-18 Letter of Intent between Red Post Energy Group and Wise Innovation Hub Venture LLC; pre-development stage — fuel (hydrogen vs natural gas) not finalized."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "red-wolf-dcd-properties-project-red-wolf-ks",
    "name": "Project Red Wolf",
    "operator": "Red Wolf DCD Properties LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.132358,
      "lon": -94.88035,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Wyandotte",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "400-acre, 6-building campus near Kansas Speedway; initial zoning approved mid-2025 then failed a vote plus lawsuit, decision pushed to 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/600mw-data-center-campus-proposed-outside-kansas-city-kansas/",
        "label": "600MW data center campus proposed outside Kansas City, Kansas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyandottenewsdaily.com/large-data-center-project-prompts-special-planning-commission-meeting/",
        "label": "Large data center project prompts special planning commission meeting",
        "publisher": "Wyandotte News Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/redwolf-proposes-12b-data-center-campus-in-wyandotte-county-kansas/",
        "label": "RedWolf proposes $12B data center campus in Wyandotte County, Kansas",
        "publisher": "Construction Review Online",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gisweb.wycokck.org/arcgis/rest/services/GISPUB/UGMAPS_4_V02/MapServer/0/query?where=PARCEL%3D%27957402%27&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Wyandotte County parcel/GIS record (parcel 957402)",
        "publisher": "Wyandotte County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "400-acre, 6-building campus west of Kansas Speedway (13000 Parallel Parkway). Zoning approval failed a vote and drew a lawsuit; contested, decision pending in 2026.",
    "investmentUsd": 12000000000,
    "landAcres": 400,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Zoning approval failed a vote and drew a lawsuit; decision pending in 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "redivider-homestead-speedway-fl",
    "name": "Redivider Homestead Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Redivider Blockchain (joint venture with Esperanza Opportunity Fund)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 25.451752,
      "lon": -80.40943,
      "city": "Homestead",
      "county": "Miami-Dade",
      "street": "One Ralph Sanchez Speedway Blvd",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 10
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/556618857/redivider-blockchain-and-esperanza-opportunity-fund-announce-partnership-bringing-bitcoin-mining-to-homestead-florida",
        "label": "Redivider Blockchain and Esperanza Opportunity Fund Announce Partnership Bringing Bitcoin Mining to Homestead Florida",
        "publisher": "EIN Presswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Redivider_Miami-Dade_County_facility",
        "label": "Redivider Miami-Dade County facility",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&limit=1&countrycodes=us&q=Homestead-Miami%20Speedway%2C%20Homestead%2C%20FL",
        "label": "OSM Nominatim match for Homestead-Miami Speedway, Homestead, FL",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Partnership announced November 2021 to site a 10 MW immersion-cooled Bitcoin mining operation on land at the Homestead-Miami Speedway, using an Opportunity Zone tax-incentive structure and a specialized rate from the city-owned utility (Homestead Public Services). Global Energy Monitor's own tracker (checked 2026-09-13) still lists this as 'Proposed' with development status 'unclear as of July 2022' and no confirmed construction or operational milestone since the 2021 announcement -- flagging this as a stalled multi-year proposal, not an active build. Coordinates are the speedway venue centroid (OSM), not a confirmed parcel within the property; precision set to approximate accordingly.",
    "investmentUsd": 15000000,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "regence-salt-lake-city-ut",
    "name": "Regence BlueCross BlueShield Salt Lake City Data Center",
    "operator": "Regence BlueCross BlueShield",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.633117,
      "lon": -111.809456,
      "city": "Cottonwood Heights",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/geographies/onelineaddress?address=2890+E+Cottonwood+Pkwy%2C+UT+84121&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&vintage=Current_Current&layers=Incorporated+Places&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Geocoder — 2890 E Cottonwood Pkwy resolves to Incorporated Place \"Cottonwood Heights\" (GEOID 4916270), Salt Lake County, despite a USPS mailing label reading \"Salt Lake City\". This is Regence's Utah office address; its use as the data-center site is inferred, not independently confirmed.",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1088841.pdf",
        "label": "Cottonwood Heights CDRA — Canyon Centre CDA Analysis (LRB Public Finance Advisors, 20 Feb 2024); Canyon Centre is the agency's only project area and does not cover this address",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. Cottonwood Heights' Community Development and Renewal Agency (CDRA, established 2006) has created exactly one project area in its history — the Canyon Centre CDA at 3700 East 7000 South, a different site — and its dedicated financial analysis (LRB Public Finance Advisors, Feb 2024) does not mention this address or Regence. No Cottonwood Heights or Salt Lake County filing found naming Regence in connection with an incentive, subsidy, RDA, or abatement. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing. Note: no source confirms this address houses a data center rather than Regence's general Utah corporate/insurance office.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "related-digital-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "Related Digital Cheyenne Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Related Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.13,
      "lon": -104.735,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 302
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-07",
        "note": "Groundbreaking on Phase I: a 184,000 sq ft building on 36 acres, expected complete late 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.related-digital.com/news/related-digital-breaks-ground-on-302-mw-data-center-campus-in-cheyenne-wyoming",
        "label": "Related Digital Breaks Ground on 302 MW Data Center Campus in Cheyenne, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Related Digital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/09-202606049-05WBCMaterialsPreparedforJointMinerals06052026.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council program & service catalog, materials prepared for the Joint Minerals Committee (June 2026) — Data Center Sales Tax Exemption recipients",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2026/02-2026062202-02_WBCMaterials.pdf",
        "label": "Wyoming Business Council Programs & Services (Data Center Sales Tax Exemption Eligibility Certification recipient list)",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Business Council / Wyoming Legislature",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "115-acre campus in the Cheyenne Business Parkway; up to 302 MW of critical IT capacity across the full campus. CoreWeave is the anchor tenant under a long-term lease for 88 MW of critical IT capacity — the 88 MW is the leased slice, not the campus total. Phase I projected to generate over $250 million in tax revenue to Wyoming and Cheyenne in its first 15 years. Coordinates approximate the Cheyenne Business Parkway, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "High-efficiency air-cooled chillers with nominal water consumption, primarily for domestic use."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Wyoming Data Center Sales Tax Exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 115,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 700,
      "permanent": 40,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "rellis-data-research-center-bryan-brazos-county-tx",
    "name": "RELLIS Data and Research Center",
    "operator": "ThisWay Global, Inc.",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.6013,
      "lon": -96.3589,
      "city": "Bryan",
      "county": "Brazos",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2026/08/18/brazos-county-commissioners-approve-new-owner-rellis-data-center-heres-what-it-means-your-wallet/",
        "label": "Brazos County commissioners approve new owner for RELLIS data center",
        "publisher": "KBTX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "$700M data center on Texas A&M System-owned land at the RELLIS Campus in Bryan; originally developed as RELLIS Campus Data and Research Center LLC starting 2021 (delayed by bankruptcy and Winter Storm Uri fallout), tax abatement and project ownership transferred to ThisWay Global, Inc. on 2026-08-18 (Brazos County 4-0) after Texas A&M System Regents and City of Bryan approvals. WTAW reporting describes the site as already under construction.",
    "investmentUsd": 700000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "renaissance-park-upper-merion-king-of-prussia-pa",
    "name": "Renaissance Park and Innovation Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "MLP Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.092,
      "lon": -75.347,
      "city": "King of Prussia",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "street": "411 Swedeland Road",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Five-site, 4.6 million sq ft campus publicly unveiled at The Discovery Labs / Renaissance Park.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://6abc.com/post/proposed-king-prussia-data-center-campus-faces-renewed-scrutiny-review-continues/19560357/",
        "label": "Proposed King of Prussia data center campus faces renewed scrutiny as review continues",
        "publisher": "6abc Philadelphia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.desmog.com/2026/08/07/how-pennsylvania-governors-office-helped-push-for-huge-data-centers-in-the-philadelphia-suburbs/",
        "label": "How Pennsylvania Governor's Office Helped Push for Huge Data Centers in the Philadelphia Suburbs",
        "publisher": "DeSmog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Five separate applications in Upper Merion Township totaling about 4.6 million sq ft, on parcels including 411 Swedeland Road (1.6M sq ft), 2201/2301/2701/2901 Renaissance Blvd (1.9M sq ft), 2100 Renaissance Road (187,000 sq ft) and 3200 Horizon Drive (370,000 sq ft). Applicant entities are affiliated with MLP Ventures founder Brian O'Neill. Filed just before Upper Merion's March 2026 data center ordinance took effect, so reviewed under the prior rules. A company document cited by DeSmog puts campus investment at $35.16 billion; that figure is not independently corroborated, so investmentUsd is omitted. Distinct site from MLP Ventures' Plymouth Township proposal.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 1000,
      "notes": "A company document cited by DeSmog describes roughly 1 gigawatt of on-site generation across the five-site campus; fuel type is not stated in the sources reviewed."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "At the July 23, 2026 Upper Merion planning commission meeting the vast majority of the crowd stood when asked who opposed the project; opposition has grown since the late-May 2026 unveiling.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "revolve-labs-glencoe-mn",
    "name": "Revolve Labs Glencoe",
    "operator": "Revolve Labs",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.7691,
      "lon": -94.1497,
      "city": "Glencoe",
      "county": "McLeod",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/revolve-labs-minnesota-mining",
        "label": "Revolve Labs: Minnesota Mining Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.glencoenews.com/articles/featured-mcc/revolve-labs-announces-new-high-performance-data-center-in-glencoe/",
        "label": "Revolve Labs announces new high-performance data center in Glencoe",
        "publisher": "Glencoe News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://crypto.news/bitcoin-miner-revolve-labs-proposes-60m-data-center-in-minnesota/",
        "label": "Bitcoin miner Revolve Labs proposes $60m data center in Minnesota",
        "publisher": "crypto.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.glencoenews.com/articles/featured-mcc/glencoe-approves-rezoning-request-for-site-of-revolve-labs-planned-ai-data-center/",
        "label": "Glencoe approves rezoning request for site of Revolve Labs' planned AI data center",
        "publisher": "Glencoe News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Revolve Labs has operated a bitcoin-mining facility in Glencoe's industrial area since 2021. Separately, the Glencoe City Council approved a rezoning on Nov. 6, 2025 for a new first-phase 20 MW AI/HPC data center (reported $40-60M, ~6.2 acres, requiring a new substation); it is not independently confirmed whether the new build occupies the same parcel as the existing mine, so both are represented here as one site record. The 20 MW figure is the announced first phase of the new build, not current operating capacity.",
    "landAcres": 6.2,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "revolve-labs-moose-lake-mn",
    "name": "Revolve Labs Moose Lake (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "Revolve Labs",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.4543725,
      "lon": -92.761976,
      "city": "Moose Lake",
      "county": "Carlton",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-24",
        "note": "The Moose Lake Planning Commission postponed a recommendation on the application for further review, after commissioners and residents raised concerns at public hearings about cooling-fan noise and the electricity use of the facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-03-11",
        "note": "Revolve Labs withdrew its application; the city administrator informed the City Council. The company said “the current timeline for power availability at the site does not align with several near-term initiatives we are advancing elsewhere.”",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.pinejournal.com/news/local/crypto-mining-company-withdraws-moose-lake-proposal",
        "label": "Crypto-mining company withdraws Moose Lake proposal",
        "publisher": "Cloquet Pine Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Proposed as a modular computing complex on about 2 acres next to the municipal power station off Highway 73. Withdrawn 2026-03-11. The company's STATED reason was power-availability timing, not the opposition — the local objections (cooling-fan noise, electricity use) and the withdrawal are both documented, but the source does not establish that the former caused the latter. No megawatt figure was published. Coordinates are the Moose Lake city centroid (approximate); the record has no parcel-level confirmation.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents objected at public hearings on two main grounds: noise from the fans used to cool the computing equipment, and the environmental impact of the facility's electricity use. The Planning Commission postponed its recommendation on 2026-02-24 rather than advancing the application.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "revolve-labs-windom-mn",
    "name": "Revolve Labs Windom (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "Revolve Labs",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.8663464,
      "lon": -95.1169366,
      "city": "Windom",
      "county": "Cottonwood",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-08",
        "note": "About 100 residents voiced concerns at an August public hearing, citing potential noise pollution and negative effects on home property values.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2024-09",
        "note": "Revolve Labs withdrew its conditional-use application for the site, citing feedback received from the community.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2024-09-25/revolve-bitcoin-mining-windom",
        "label": "Revolve Labs withdraws Windom bitcoin-mining proposal",
        "publisher": "The Energy Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Conditional-use application for a crypto-mining facility outside Windom, withdrawn in September 2024 after community opposition. The project was projected to generate about $35,000 a month in service fees for the city. No megawatt figure was published for this site. The exact withdrawal day is not established by the fetched source (it reports the Star Tribune broke the news “on Wednesday”), so the cancellation is dated to the month only. Coordinates are the Windom city centroid (approximate).",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Roughly 100 residents attended an August 2024 public hearing to object, most commonly over noise pollution and effects on home property values. The company pulled the conditional-use application the following month, citing community feedback.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "riot-calvert-city-marshall-ky",
    "name": "Riot Platforms Calvert City Facility",
    "operator": "Riot Platforms",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.0334,
      "lon": -88.35,
      "city": "Calvert City",
      "county": "Marshall",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Riot has operated the ~25 MW Calvert City, KY data center since a 2024 acquisition (Block Mining Kentucky portfolio).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1167419/000110465926022322/riot-20251231x10k.htm",
        "label": "Riot Platforms FY2025 Form 10-K — Block Mining (two operational Kentucky sites, ~137 MW developed)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/kentucky/paducah/riot-platforms-paducah/",
        "label": "Riot Platforms Kentucky operations (Paducah + Calvert City)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "~25 MW bitcoin mining data center near Calvert City, Marshall County, KY. Riot's second Kentucky site (with Paducah), operated since a 2024 acquisition (part of the Block Mining Kentucky portfolio totaling ~137 MW developed). Coordinates are Calvert City approximate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "riot-paducah-mccracken-ky",
    "name": "Riot Platforms Paducah Facility",
    "operator": "Riot Platforms",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.089242,
      "lon": -88.703071,
      "city": "Paducah",
      "county": "McCracken",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100,
      "operational": 35
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Riot acquired Block Mining (Kentucky), including the Paducah / McCracken County site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1167419/000110465926022322/riot-20251231x10k.htm",
        "label": "Riot Platforms FY2025 Form 10-K — Block Mining (two operational Kentucky sites, ~137 MW developed)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/kentucky/paducah/riot-platforms-paducah/",
        "label": "Riot Platforms Paducah Data Center — 5657 Commerce Dr",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lanereport.com/176254/2024/08/paducah-bitcoin-miner-block-mining-inc-acquired-by-riot-platforms/",
        "label": "Paducah bitcoin miner Block Mining Inc. acquired by Riot Platforms",
        "publisher": "The Lane Report",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services1.arcgis.com/xkOPDyh2DVxtFEGe/arcgis/rest/services/PVAParcels/FeatureServer/1/query?where=PARCEL_ID%3D%27075-00-00-147.06%27&outFields=PARCEL_ID,NAME,LOCATION,ACRES&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "McCracken County parcel/GIS record (parcel 075-00-00-147.06)",
        "publisher": "McCracken County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkms.org/business-economy/2026-05-06/small-nuclear-reactor-could-power-mccracken-count-crypto-mining-center-under-new-partnership",
        "label": "Small nuclear reactor could power McCracken County crypto mining center under new partnership",
        "publisher": "WKMS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Bitcoin mining facility at 5657 Commerce Dr in the McCracken County Industrial Park West, just outside Paducah city limits. ~35 MW operational with a contractual path to 60 MW then up to 100 MW. Acquired via Riot's Block Mining acquisition (closed 2024, $92.5M); one of Riot's two Kentucky sites, which together carry ~137 MW of developed capacity. Coordinates are the Commerce Drive site (approximate).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Grid power via TVA and Big Rivers Electric Corp."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "riot-platforms-corsicana-tx",
    "name": "Riot Platforms Corsicana Facility",
    "operator": "Riot Platforms",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.09,
      "lon": -96.47,
      "city": "Corsicana",
      "county": "Navarro",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000,
      "operational": 400
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid with demand response participation",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-04",
        "note": "400 MW Phase I enters operation for Bitcoin mining using immersion-cooling.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Riot halts 600 MW Phase II Bitcoin mining expansion and formally launches AI/HPC feasibility evaluation for remaining power capacity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.riotplatforms.com/riot-platforms-launches-formal-evaluation-of-potential-ai-hpc-uses-for-remaining-600-mw-of-power-capacity-at-corsicana-facility/",
        "label": "Riot launches formal AI/HPC evaluation for 600 MW Corsicana capacity",
        "publisher": "Riot Platforms",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/riot-platforms-acquires-additional-238-acres-at-corsicana-texas-campus/",
        "label": "Riot Platforms acquires additional 238 acres at Corsicana campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://navarro.easydocs.us/minutes/LinkedDir/2024/Links%202024-10-15-Regular/Item%2016%20Approve%20Resolution%20for%20Tax%20Abatement%20Navarro%20County%20and%20Riot%20Corsicana%20LLC.pdf",
        "label": "Navarro County Resolution 2024.13 — Tax Abatement Agreement with Riot Corsicana LLC (approved Oct 15, 2024)",
        "publisher": "Navarro County, TX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dlnews.com/articles/people-culture/bitcoin-miners-megadeal-stumbles-as-texans-sour-on-industry/",
        "label": "Bitcoin miner's $640m megadeal stumbles as Texans sour on industry's promise of jobs and growth",
        "publisher": "DL News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.riotplatforms.com/riot-purchases-7-6-eh-s-of-next-generation-miners-from-microbt-manufactured-in-the-united-states/",
        "label": "Riot Purchases 7.6 EH/s of Next Generation Miners From MicroBT",
        "publisher": "Riot Platforms",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1167419/000155837025001888/riot-20241231x10k.htm",
        "label": "Riot Platforms 10-K FY2024",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Phase I (400 MW) operational for Bitcoin mining with immersion cooling. AMD contracted 50 MW for HPC workloads. Riot developing 112 MW Core and Shell infrastructure at Corsicana for future hyperscale AI tenants. Campus acquired in phases to 858 total acres. ERCOT-approved for 1 GW total. Navarro County's October 2024 abatement records cite a considered $640M investment and 140 new jobs; the signed agreement sets a $380M minimum taxable value and 140 FTE by January 1, 2026 (a Riot spokesperson separately cited 180 jobs). Re-tagged from data_center to crypto_mining (2026-07-10): the operational 400 MW is Bitcoin mining (current majority use); the 600 MW AI/HPC evaluation remains at proposal stage, not built. Riot does not disclose hash rate per-site (only company-wide EH/s spanning Corsicana + Rockdale + Kentucky), so hashRateThPerS is left unknown here rather than misattributing a company total. Miners are MicroBT ASICs designed for immersion cooling. ERCOT demand-response/curtailment participation (Four Coincident Peaks program) is a structural, revenue-generating part of Riot's operating model company-wide (~$21M in Q1 2026 curtailment credits), so power arrangement is tagged \"mixed\" rather than plain grid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "ERCOT-connected; net power cost ~3.2 cents/kWh via demand response and grid participation. MOU with Terrestrial Energy to co-locate molten salt reactors (IMSR) for eventual nuclear-powered AI capacity."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Immersion cooling for the operational 400 MW Bitcoin-mining phase; cooling for the future AI/HPC phase is not yet confirmed. The facility is projected to consume up to 1.5 million gallons of water per day at peak summer demand under a city-water agreement — a seasonal peak, not an average daily rate."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Chapter 312 property-tax abatement, Reinvestment Zone 24-102 (10-year term from tax year 2025)",
        "jurisdiction": "Navarro County, TX",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 640000000,
    "landAcres": 858,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 140,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Organized local opposition (Concerned Citizens of Navarro County; Change.org petition). County commissioners declined an earlier, larger reinvestment-zone request in March 2024 after resident pushback; a smaller Chapter 312 abatement passed on a 3-2 vote in October 2024. Cited concerns: noise, peak water use, ERCOT grid strain, and limited permanent jobs relative to power draw.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "likely",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "coolingType": "immersion",
      "powerArrangement": "mixed"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "riot-platforms-rockdale-tx",
    "name": "Riot Platforms Whinstone Facility",
    "operator": "Riot Platforms",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.6549,
      "lon": -97.0025,
      "city": "Rockdale",
      "county": "Milam",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750,
      "operational": 450
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.riotplatforms.com/riot-to-acquire-whinstone-creating-a-us-based-industry-leader-in-bitcoin-mining/",
        "label": "Riot to Acquire Whinstone, Creating a U.S.-Based Industry Leader in Bitcoin Mining",
        "publisher": "Riot Platforms",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1167419/000107997321000426/ex99x1.htm",
        "label": "Riot Blockchain Whinstone acquisition closing (SEC filing exhibit)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/riot-platforms-the-company-behind-the-most-energy-intensive-bitcoin-mine-in-the-u-s/",
        "label": "Riot Platforms: The Company Behind the Most Energy-Intensive Bitcoin Mine in the U.S.",
        "publisher": "Greenpeace USA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/01/16/3220348/0/en/Riot-Announces-Fee-Simple-Acquisition-of-Land-and-First-Data-Center-Lease-with-AMD-at-the-Rockdale-Site.html",
        "label": "Riot Announces Fee-Simple Acquisition of Land and First Data Center Lease with AMD at the Rockdale Site",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
    "notes": "Acquired by Riot (then Riot Blockchain) from Northern Data AG, deal closed May 26, 2021. Operational capacity figure is date-unstable across sources: a Nov 2024 Greenpeace report cites 450 MW, while a Jan 2026 Riot release describing a new AMD data-center lease references a 700 MW site interconnection tied to site expansion. Recorded here as operational: 450 MW (earlier-confirmed baseline) with planned: 750 MW reflecting the site's AI/HPC-adjacent expansion (AMD lease) as of Jan 2026 — the site is mid-expansion and figures should be treated as approximate pending a fully reconciled capacity disclosure. Coordinates are Rockdale, TX city-center (not facility-exact) — no facility-specific coordinates were found in any source this pass.",
    "investmentUsd": 651000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ritter-communications-data-technology-center-jonesboro-ar",
    "name": "Ritter Communications Data Technology Center",
    "operator": "Ritter Communications",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.81538,
      "lon": -90.6893576,
      "city": "Jonesboro",
      "county": "Craighead",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.75
    },
    "announcedDate": "2019-04-30",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2019-04-30",
        "note": "Ritter Communications broke ground on the $8 million Data Technology Center in Jonesboro; the release describes an 8,882 SF facility with .75 MW of power, a 20-seat secure network operations center and capacity for 60 full racks plus four cages of four racks each.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020-11-30",
        "note": "Ritter announced the opening of the completed facility, describing 8,544 SF, .75 MW power with N+2 dual-fuel backup, biometric security, clean-agent fire suppression, carrier-neutral fiber, HIPAA/PCI/SOC 2 compliance, and capacity for 82 full racks plus four cages of four racks each - 'the first service provider-grade data center to serve Northeast Arkansas businesses.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.rittercommunications.com/newsroom/data-technology-center-opens",
        "label": "Ritter Communications Opens Its $8M Data Center",
        "publisher": "Ritter Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rittercommunications.com/newsroom/ritter-communications-breaks-ground-on-8-million-data-technology-center-in-jonesboro",
        "label": "Ritter Communications Breaks Ground on $8 Million Data Technology Center in Jonesboro",
        "publisher": "Ritter Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=2400+Ritter+Drive%2C+Jonesboro%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: 2400 Ritter Drive, Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas (RightFiber)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Neither Ritter release gives the Data Technology Center's street address; both say only 'Jonesboro.' The pin is an OpenStreetMap geocode of Ritter's published Jonesboro address, 2400 Ritter Drive (OSM now labels that point 'RightFiber', Ritter's rebranded business), used as a company-campus-level approximation. The DTC has NOT been confirmed to sit at that address, so no street or postalCode is recorded. The two Ritter releases give different square footage (8,882 SF at groundbreaking, 8,544 SF at opening) and different rack counts (60 vs 82 full racks) - both are recorded verbatim in statusHistory rather than reconciled. Small (0.75 MW) carrier/colocation facility, comparable in scale to the already-tracked TierPoint Little Rock record.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Ritter describes 'modular-inline cooling and clean-agent fire-extinguishing systems.' Modular in-row cooling is a recirculating-circuit design rather than an evaporative one; recorded as closed_loop on that basis, but Ritter does not state a heat-rejection method explicitly, so this value is an inference from the stated equipment type and should be re-checked against a design document before being relied on."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 8000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "river-run-energy-center-mercer-county-nd",
    "name": "River Run Energy Center",
    "operator": "Basin Electric Power Cooperative / NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.32111,
      "lon": -101.381548,
      "city": "Stanton",
      "county": "Mercer",
      "state": "ND",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1450
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Basin Electric and NextEra Energy Resources signed an MOU to jointly explore development of the River Run Energy Center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.basinelectric.com/news-center/news-releases/Basin-Electric-Power-Cooperative-and-NextEra-Energy-Resources-announce-collaboration-to-bring-responsible-growth-jobs-and-economic-benefits-to-North-Dakota-through-development-of-the-River-Run-Energy-Center",
        "label": "Basin Electric Power Cooperative and NextEra Energy Resources announce collaboration to bring responsible growth, jobs and economic benefits to North Dakota through development of the River Run Energy Center",
        "publisher": "Basin Electric Power Cooperative",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/north-dakota/data-center-concerns-rise-in-2nd-western-north-dakota-county-as-nextera-basin-eye-project",
        "label": "Data center concerns rise in 2nd western North Dakota county as NextEra, Basin eye project",
        "publisher": "InForum / The Dickinson Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Location is a representative pin for Stanton, the Mercer County seat and site of the project's public open house (Stanton Civic Center) -- no source checked this run states a specific parcel, township/range, or road for the plant/data-center site itself. NextEra subsidiary Boulevard Associates holds real-estate purchase-option agreements on roughly 530 acres across four landowner parcels in Mercer County, signed December 2025-January 2026, but the exact parcel location was not disclosed in sources fetched this run. Treat this coordinate as county/town-level context, not a site-level pin.",
    "investmentUsd": 18000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 230,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Mercer County Commission voted 3-2 on 2026-03-03 to impose a one-year moratorium on new data-center development in the county. Roughly 50 residents attended the meeting, predominantly supporting the pause, citing insufficient transparency from developers; one fourth-generation farmer described his family's land future as newly uncertain. Neighboring Oliver County was separately considering its own multi-year suspension of data-center siting. NextEra's project director said the company remained committed to community engagement and transparency.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle natural gas generation facility developed under Basin Electric's Large Load Commercial Program, in partnership with NextEra Energy Resources (via subsidiary Boulevard Associates), Roughrider Electric Cooperative and Upper Missouri Power Cooperative. Intended to anchor an associated multi-gigawatt data center campus in Mercer County; no specific data-center operator/tenant has been publicly named in sources checked this run (2026-09-13)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "riverhawk-energy-center-ia",
    "name": "Riverhawk Energy Center",
    "operator": "Alliant Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.1536,
      "lon": -93.201,
      "county": "Cerro Gordo",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-13",
        "note": "Alliant Energy held a public information meeting on the proposed Riverhawk Energy Center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.alliantenergy.com/our-energy/natural-gas/riverhawk",
        "label": "Riverhawk Energy Center (Cerro Gordo County, Iowa) — operator project page",
        "publisher": "Alliant Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "Proposed in Cerro Gordo County adjacent to Alliant's Emery Generating Station, expected operational in 2031 pending regulatory approval. Requires detailed air-quality modelling with Iowa DNR confirmation that emissions meet air-quality standards. Alliant held a public information meeting on 2026-05-13, and local coverage indicates a new gas pipeline would cross Hancock and Cerro Gordo counties to serve it. Acreage, investment and job counts are not stated on the operator's page. At 1,200 MW this would be the largest single generation addition among the current Iowa gas proposals.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Alliant Energy"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "1,200 MW natural gas-fired combustion turbine facility, planned as an expansion of the existing Emery Generating Station (operational since 2004) and sited adjacent to it so the two can share infrastructure, reducing cost and land impact. Alliant states the rationale as meeting 'growing demand and load obligations' and strengthening 'long-term reliability and cost stability across the region'; data centers are not given as the primary justification on the operator's page, so no offtaker is recorded."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "riverview-innovation-tech-campus-tonawanda-ny",
    "name": "Riverview Innovation & Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Riverview Innovation & Technology Campus",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.037,
      "lon": -78.887,
      "city": "Tonawanda",
      "county": "Erie",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (National Grid); Niagara Power Project + Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station upstream mix",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Hundreds of residents packed a Town of Tonawanda Planning Board meeting on June 3, 2026 opposing the proposed 300MW data center at the former Tonawanda Coke site; the Planning Board voted to table further discussion pending a revised site plan application.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Developer says the project is 'not on hold' but SEQRA/site plan review is temporarily paused while awaiting NYISO and National Grid clarification on transmission-upgrade costs and timeline; Town Supervisor John Flynn said NYISO's review could take 'several months.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkbw.com/news/local-news/northtowns/developer-proposed-2b-ai-data-center-on-river-road-not-on-hold-process-temporarily-delayed",
        "label": "Developer: Proposed $2B AI data center on River Road not on hold, process temporarily delayed",
        "publisher": "WKBW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://buffalonews.com/news/local/article_ffa822d3-0899-4379-9924-44f8167b4e75.html",
        "label": "River Road data center on hold amid outcry from residents scarred by Tonawanda Coke fight",
        "publisher": "Buffalo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.btpm.org/local/2026-06-03/data-center-project-at-former-tonawanda-coke-site-on-hold",
        "label": "Data center project at former Tonawanda Coke site 'on hold'",
        "publisher": "Buffalo Toronto Public Media (BTPM NPR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.btpm.org/local/2026-06-04/residents-pack-meeting-to-oppose-proposed-data-center-at-tonawanda-coke-site",
        "label": "Residents pack meeting to oppose proposed data center at Tonawanda Coke site",
        "publisher": "Buffalo Toronto Public Media (BTPM NPR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/former-coke-plant-near-buffalo-eyed-for-300mw-data-center/",
        "label": "Former coke plant near Buffalo eyed for 300MW data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hudsonvalleypost.com/ai-data-centers-new-york/",
        "label": "Where In New York AI Data Centers Are Being Discussed",
        "publisher": "Hudson Valley Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Site: former Tonawanda Coke Corporation coke-manufacturing plant (operated 1917-2018; TCC bankruptcy), 3875 & 3800 River Road, Town of Tonawanda, Erie County NY - 140 acres. Brownfield developer Jon M. Williams completed acquisition Oct. 10, 2019 and has led an estimated $100M remediation; Honeywell (successor to Allied Chemical/TCC predecessor) also involved. 500,000 sq ft facility proposed. Coordinates are approximate for the River Road parcel. Note: one source names 'Niagara County' but Buffalo News, BTPM, and WBEN independently and consistently identify this as the Town of Tonawanda, Erie County (distinct from the separate City of North Tonawanda in Niagara County) - Erie County used here per majority/independent-source cross-check. NO STATUS CHANGE. As of June 2026 the SEQRA/site-plan review was paused pending NYISO and National Grid results; no permit or construction approval exists. Remains proposed. CONFIRMED ABSENCE (re-checked 2026-09-10, reporting dated 2026-07): the Riverview project had not requested any IDA subsidy as of this reporting, and Erie County's executive has said he would not support the county IDA granting it tax breaks.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "National Grid",
      "notes": "Developer states ~91% emission-free electricity due to proximity to the Niagara Power Project (hydro) and Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station. SEQRA/site plan review temporarily paused while awaiting NYISO and National Grid clarification on transmission-upgrade costs/timeline. A $50M on-site electrical substation is planned."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Community opposition specifically cited cooling-system noise (24/7 operation, cited by residents as 75-105+ decibels) as a top concern at the June 3, 2026 Planning Board meeting; specific cooling technology not yet disclosed by the developer."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 140,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Hundreds of residents packed a June 3, 2026 Town of Tonawanda Planning Board meeting to oppose the project; concerns included cooling-system noise, comparisons to the Love Canal environmental disaster, and grid-strain concerns raised by Clean Air Coalition board chair Jim Jones. NY State Senator Jeremy Zellner (co-sponsor of a first-in-the-nation statewide data center moratorium bill) and Assemblyman Bill Conrad have both raised concerns publicly. Planning Board tabled further discussion pending a revised site plan application.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "rochester-colo-pittsford-ny",
    "name": "Rochester Colo",
    "operator": "Rochester Colo (James Salviski)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.090959,
      "lon": -77.515298,
      "city": "Pittsford",
      "county": "Monroe",
      "street": "Pittsford Victor Road",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://rochestercolo.com/contact/",
        "label": "Contact Us - Rochester Colo Data Center",
        "publisher": "Rochester Colo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rochestercolo.com/",
        "label": "Home - Rochester Colo Data Center",
        "publisher": "Rochester Colo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility on Pittsford Victor Road in Pittsford (Rochester metro), Monroe County, operating since 2008; site's own contact page (fetched 2026-09-13) does not list a specific street number, and the company's homepage describes N+1 power with 96-hour outage protection but no MW/sq ft figures. Third-party aggregator listings (not independently confirmed by direct fetch this session -- datacentermap.com returned HTTP 429 on every attempt) describe the building as a converted ~36,000 sq ft former Voplex automotive facility with ~7,000 sq ft of white space and 1 MW live capacity, expandable to 15,000 sq ft / 4 MW; these figures are OMITTED here pending direct-source confirmation rather than sourced to an unfetched page. Coordinates are the Town of Pittsford centroid (OSM Nominatim) -- both the US Census geocoder and OSM Nominatim failed to resolve the street address without a confirmed house number, so this is a disclosed city/town-level pin, NOT parcel-level precision. No capacity, investment, or AI-use figure found in a directly-fetched source as of 2026-09-13, omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rocking-r-solar-caddo-parish-la",
    "name": "Rocking R Solar",
    "operator": "D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments (DESRI)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8876386,
      "lon": -93.8785127,
      "city": "Hosston",
      "county": "Caddo",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-04-08",
        "note": "KSLA reported the project in the final stages of construction with commercial operation expected in the late spring-summer 2025 window.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.aep.com/news/stories/view/9916/",
        "label": "SWEPCO Expands Generation Capacity with New Power Plants",
        "publisher": "American Electric Power / SWEPCO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksla.com/2025/04/08/rocking-r-solar-farm-go-online-2025-expected-power-about-20000-homes-louisiana/",
        "label": "Rocking R Solar Farm to go online in 2025, expected to power about 20,000 homes in Louisiana",
        "publisher": "KSLA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Hosston%2C+Caddo+Parish%2C+Louisiana&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim place record for Hosston, Caddo Parish, Louisiana",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Status is the last state I could source: as of April 2025 the plant was in the final stages of construction with commercial operation expected mid-2025, and it does not appear in the February 2025 vintage EIA operating-plant layer. It may since have entered service. The coordinate is the OpenStreetMap point for the village of Hosston; reporting places the site just north of Gilliam near the Louisiana 2 exit off I-49, so the pin is a nearest-settlement approximation and is not parcel-confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO)",
      "notes": "SWEPCO does not own the plant; it buys the output under a power purchase agreement. Expected to produce about 184,000 MWh a year."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 82000000,
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "SWEPCO's first utility-scale solar resource, on roughly 1,000 acres in north Caddo Parish."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rocklocker-kalkaska-go-mi",
    "name": "Kalkaska Go",
    "operator": "Rocklocker LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.7254528,
      "lon": -85.2916494,
      "county": "Kalkaska",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Rocklocker LLC (through project name 'Kalkaska Go') proposed a hyperscale data center campus with a captive on-site natural-gas power plant and carbon capture on 1,440 acres of Michigan DNR-managed state land, projecting roughly $35M/year in local tax revenue.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Rocklocker withdrew the proposal after public opposition and the DNR's rejection of the state-land purchase request.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.traverseticker.com/news/developer-pulls-plug-on-kalkaska-data-center/",
        "label": "Developer Pulls Plug on Kalkaska Data Center",
        "publisher": "The Ticker (Traverse City)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/rocklocker-kalkaska-township-mi",
        "label": "Rocklocker: Kalkaska Township, MI Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.9and10news.com/2025/11/17/residents-voice-concerns-over-proposed-data-center-in-kalkaska-county/",
        "label": "Residents voice concerns over proposed data center in Kalkaska County",
        "publisher": "9&10 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://upnorthlive.com/news/local/proposed-kalkaska-county-data-center-halted-after-public-feedback-company-president-says-rocklocker",
        "label": "Proposed Kalkaska County data center halted after public feedback, company president says",
        "publisher": "UpNorthLive (WPBN/WGTU)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Location is a representative point at Island Lake in Kalkaska Township, Kalkaska County -- the state-land parcel was never assigned a street address in any source found (checked 2026-09-13). Coverage places it 'near Island Lake and South River roads'; a data-center directory listing (baxtel.com) separately gives 'N River Rd, Kalkaska Township, MI' for the same withdrawn project -- the two road names were not reconciled to a single confirmed segment, so precision is set to approximate rather than exact. A community informational meeting tied to this project was separately reported as scheduled/cancelled in Coldsprings Township, a different township in the same county; that is the meeting venue, not the project site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Proposed as a 'net-zero' design with an on-site natural gas power plant paired with carbon-capture technology intended to sequester emissions in the local Antrim Shale formation (Traverse Ticker, retrieved 2026-09-13). No MW figure for either the data center or the power plant was published; coverage described it only as 'gigawatt-scale' and 'multi-billion-dollar', which is not a number this record can carry."
    },
    "landAcres": 1440,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A Nov 17, 2025 community forum drew organized opposition over noise, water use, and industrializing public state land; project personnel reportedly received anonymous threats (upnorthlive, WKAR-syndicated coverage). The Michigan DNR formally rejected Rocklocker's request to purchase the state land parcel. Developer Matt Rine withdrew the proposal on 2025-11-20, citing the community response: \"We sought public input because we want to be partners with the community we live and work in. And we heard you.\"",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rokeby-energy-center-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Rokeby Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7128546,
      "lon": -96.7351763,
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 226
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "NextEra's community-benefits page targets operations \"as early as December 2026, pending all required permits and approvals\"; Nebraska DWEE lists the project as under development.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/rokeby-energy-center/community-benefits.html",
        "label": "Rokeby Energy Center — community benefits",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy Resources",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/solar-thermal-photovoltaic/solar-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Solar Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Up to 226 MW of solar in Lancaster County with a 30-year operating life; the developer cites \"hundreds of construction jobs\" without a number, so jobs is left unset. Third distinct NextEra solar project proposed in Lancaster County alongside Panama Energy Center and separate from the Ranger Power Salt Creek site. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: the pin is the Rokeby locality south of Lincoln (OpenStreetMap/Nominatim), not a surveyed array footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "roswell-information-park-chaves-county-nm",
    "name": "Roswell Information Park",
    "operator": "Roswell Information Park LLC (developer Sustany LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3943,
      "lon": -104.523,
      "city": "Roswell",
      "county": "Chaves",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-24",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-29",
        "note": "Desert Mountain Energy signed a 25-year lease (plus a five-year extension option) with Roswell Information Park LLC for a proposed off-grid data center on roughly 154 acres, with 14 acres carved out for a potential DME battery plant. The New Mexico Economic Development Department and the Roswell-Chaves County Economic Development Corporation provided letters of support.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/desert-mountain-energy-to-support-carbon-capture-at-roswell-data-centre-ceo-appointed-to-advisory-board-302565391.html",
        "label": "Desert Mountain Energy to support carbon capture at Roswell data centre; CEO appointed to advisory board",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Desert Mountain Energy Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thenewswire.com/press-releases/1A0vFwYPV-desert-mountain-energy-signs-long-term-lease-agreement-with-roswell-information-park-developer.html",
        "label": "Desert Mountain Energy signs long-term lease agreement with Roswell Information Park developer",
        "publisher": "The Newswire / Desert Mountain Energy Corp.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Distinct from the Zenith Volts Roswell/Chaves County project already tracked: different developer (Sustany LLC / Roswell Information Park LLC vs Zenith Volts Corp.), different site size (~154 acres vs a 300-acre initial site inside an 8,400-acre approval), and a different power model (off-grid gas from DME's West Pecos field vs on-site solar plus gas plus BESS). Capacity figures circulating in secondary coverage (100-200 MW at start-up scaling toward 4 GW) were NOT read on a primary page in this session and are deliberately omitted. Coordinate is the Roswell locality anchor; the releases say only 'near Roswell'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Planned as an off-grid campus with a dedicated natural gas supply: the park has agreed to purchase 100% of the natural gas produced from Desert Mountain Energy's West Pecos Gas Field and to manage additional third-party gas flows. Desert Mountain Energy has also been invited to develop carbon-capture solutions tied to the campus's power generation. No MW figure is disclosed in the cited releases."
    },
    "landAcres": 154,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "roundhouse-cascade-locks-or",
    "name": "Roundhouse Cascade Locks Data Center",
    "operator": "Roundhouse Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.6678863,
      "lon": -121.8963113,
      "city": "Cascade Locks",
      "county": "Hood River",
      "street": "1400 Columbia Gorge Way",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2023-07",
        "note": "The Port of Cascade Locks and Roundhouse jointly announced the project would be discontinued before construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/roundhouse-cascade-locks-or",
        "label": "Roundhouse: Cascade Locks, OR Data Center — cancelled before construction",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Proposed $100 million, up-to-30 MW facility on land leased from the Port of Cascade Locks, cancelled in July 2023. Distinct from the tracked Abundant Mines crypto operation, which is a separate tenant at the same port. Coordinates are approximate (Port of Cascade Locks).",
    "investmentUsd": 100000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Local opposition — including the successful recall of two officials who had approved the deal — preceded the Port of Cascade Locks' decision to cancel, with concerns centred on utility rate increases.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "route-66-solar-storage-cibola-county-nm",
    "name": "Route 66 Solar and Energy Storage",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.15,
      "lon": -107.85,
      "county": "Cibola",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 49.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-06-05",
        "note": "Described in NMPRC-approval coverage as an existing, Commission-approved 49.5 MW solar facility in Cibola County receiving a co-located storage addition with an expected COD of February 1, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/new-mexico-regulator-approves-state-utility-plan-to-add-310mw-of-battery-storage-by-summer-2026/",
        "label": "New Mexico regulator approves state utility plan to add 310MW of battery storage by summer 2026",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Only the solar plant's operational status is sourced; the storage addition's actual in-service date was not confirmed this session, so capacityMw.operational reflects the solar plant alone. Coordinate is a Cibola County locality approximation near the Grants/Milan area, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "An existing 49.5 MW solar facility under a PPA with PNM, to which a co-located 49.5 MW / 198 MWh four-hour battery system was added under a 20-year energy storage agreement approved by the NMPRC, with a commercial operation date of February 1, 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Part of PNM's approved plan to add 310 MW of battery storage by summer 2026. The cited source does not state acreage or investment."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rowan-bauxite-ii-frederick-md",
    "name": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure Bauxite II",
    "operator": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.34,
      "lon": -77.515,
      "city": "Frederick",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-12-12",
        "note": "Frederick County Planning Commission approved the Bauxite II site plan unanimously (6-0).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/planning-commission-approves-two-more-045900384.html",
        "label": "Planning Commission approves two more Rowan data centers (Frederick News-Post)",
        "publisher": "The Frederick News-Post via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rowan.digital/portfolio/bauxite-i-ii-iii/",
        "label": "Bauxite I, II & III — Hyperscale Data Center Campus, Maryland",
        "publisher": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Second phase of Rowan's three-phase Bauxite campus on the former Alcoa Eastalco site inside Quantum Frederick. Four data center buildings plus auxiliary buildings on 111.5 acres; Rowan states delivery in 2026. Per-phase MW is not stated consistently across sources, so capacityMw is omitted; Rowan describes the combined three-phase campus as about 600-630 MW across 375 acres. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status confirmed PERMITTED, no change. Re-fetched the Planning Commission approval article; no newer filings or status developments found this run. Per-phase MW remains genuinely unstated in every source found (Rowan only quotes the combined ~600-630 MW campus figure), consistent with the existing record's deliberate omission of capacityMw.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "Served initially from the FirstEnergy Sage Substation; Rowan plans to build an adjacent substation for a direct connection."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.392,
      "notes": "Site plan filings state 392,000 gallons per day for cooling. Bauxite II and III together require about 1.081 million gpd, nearly exhausting the 1.3 million gpd first-phase allocation under Frederick County's Adequate Public Facilities Ordinance agreement."
    },
    "landAcres": 111.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rowan-bauxite-iii-frederick-md",
    "name": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure Bauxite III",
    "operator": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.338,
      "lon": -77.506,
      "city": "Frederick",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-12-12",
        "note": "Frederick County Planning Commission approved the Bauxite III site plan with one commissioner abstaining over soil management concerns; the parcel sits within a soil management area requiring environmental oversight.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/planning-commission-approves-two-more-045900384.html",
        "label": "Planning Commission approves two more Rowan data centers (Frederick News-Post)",
        "publisher": "The Frederick News-Post via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rowan.digital/portfolio/bauxite-i-ii-iii/",
        "label": "Bauxite I, II & III — Hyperscale Data Center Campus, Maryland",
        "publisher": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Third phase of Rowan's Bauxite campus: three data center buildings plus an auxiliary water building, guard booth and water storage on 55 acres. Rowan states delivery in 2027. Per-phase MW omitted because published figures conflict. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status confirmed PERMITTED, no change. Same source re-fetched; per-phase MW still not stated for Bauxite III individually.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "Served initially from the FirstEnergy Sage Substation."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.297,
      "notes": "Site plan filings state 297,000 gallons per day for cooling, drawn against the same Adequate Public Facilities Ordinance allocation as Bauxite II."
    },
    "landAcres": 55,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rowan-digital-frederick-md",
    "name": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure Frederick Campus (Bauxite I)",
    "operator": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.265,
      "lon": -77.394,
      "city": "Adamstown",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-01",
        "note": "Rowan announced three-campus development plan at Quantum Frederick; designed as AWS Maryland availability zone host",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-01",
        "note": "Ground broken 2024 on Bauxite I (300MW, Phase 1). Phase 2 financing: $1.24B closed February 2025, led by SMBC and MUFG; $2.2B total secured. AWS Maryland availability zone expected 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/rowan-secures-12bn-for-maryland-data-center-campus-build-out/",
        "label": "Rowan secures $1.2bn for Maryland data center campus build-out",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thetechcapital.com/rowan-digital-infrastructure-is-building-awss-maryland-availability-zone-at-the-quantum-frederick-campus/",
        "label": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure is building AWS's Maryland availability zone at Quantum Frederick Campus",
        "publisher": "The Tech Capital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fredericknewspost.com/news/continuing_coverage/quantum_loophole/potomac-edison-granted-waiver-to-connect-doubs-substation-with-rowan-data-center/article_d578a843-2a4a-5461-9ddb-cb03fefceaea.html",
        "label": "Potomac Edison granted waiver to connect Doubs substation with Rowan data center",
        "publisher": "Frederick News-Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/amazon-identified-tenant-bauxite-data-231600787.html",
        "label": "Amazon identified as tenant of Bauxite data center",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/quantum-frederick-frederick-county-md-maryland-data-center-series-pt-3/",
        "label": "Quantum Frederick, Frederick County, MD: Maryland Data Center Series, Pt. 3 — AWS BWI (Rowan Bauxite I): 151 acres, four buildings, 300 MW",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Rowan (Quinbrook Infrastructure Partners + Birch Infrastructure JV) serves as AWS hyperscale host at Quantum Frederick. Three campuses planned on-site total; Bauxite I is Phase 1 at 300MW. 777,150 sq ft total campus footprint. Coordinates approximate for same Quantum Frederick campus area as Aligned record. Location.city set to Adamstown per the more recent, project-specific Frederick News-Post coverage (2025-11-11, via Yahoo Finance); the 2021 Maryland Dept. of Commerce announcement had said \"near Buckeystown\" — recorded here so the choice is auditable rather than looking arbitrary. AWS is the confirmed tenant of Bauxite I on this former Alcoa Eastalco Works site — AWS's first Maryland data center; no source confirms go-live as of this pass.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Potomac Edison (FirstEnergy)",
      "notes": "Served from the regional grid; the Maryland PSC approved Potomac Edison's plan to loop two existing 230 kV lines from the Doubs substation into a new switching station feeding the on-site Bauxite substation (built by Potomac Edison). County filings describe up to 92 x 2.75 MW backup generators (~253 MW, diesel or HVO)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 0.44,
      "notes": "440,000 gallons/day cooling water allocated to Rowan's 156-acre parcel per Frederick County records"
    },
    "landAcres": 151,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Neighboring residents raised health concerns over construction dust and traffic in November 2025. Frederick County overlay zone referendum effort collected 21,000+ signatures; Maryland Supreme Court case pending.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "rowan-temple-tx",
    "name": "Rowan Project Temple",
    "operator": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.0982,
      "lon": -97.3428,
      "city": "Temple",
      "county": "Bell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Rowan Digital began construction on a 300 MW data center in Temple, Bell County; $3B financing secured, operations targeted 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://rowan.digital/news/rowan-powers-texas-growth-as-construction-begins-on-300-mw-temple-data-center/",
        "label": "Rowan powers Texas growth as construction begins on 300 MW Temple data center",
        "publisher": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.templetx.gov/community/faq__data_center_development_.php",
        "label": "City of Temple - Data Center Development FAQ (closed-loop cooling, 4,000 gpd cap)",
        "publisher": "City of Temple",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kdhnews.com/news/region/third-rowan-data-center-minimum-700-million-investment-temple-withholds-utility-records/",
        "label": "Third Rowan data center; minimum $700 million investment; Temple withholds utility records",
        "publisher": "Killeen Daily Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kxxv.com/news/local-news/temple-residents-raise-concerns-over-proposed-rowan-data-center-expansion",
        "label": "Temple residents raise concerns over proposed Rowan data center expansion",
        "publisher": "KXXV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rowan.digital/portfolio/temple/",
        "label": "Temple — 300 MW Hyperscale Data Center Campus (operator portfolio page)",
        "publisher": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/08/12/rowan-digital-infrastructure-seeks-approval-6th-final-data-center-temple/",
        "label": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure seeks approval for 6th and final data center in Temple",
        "publisher": "KWTX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "300 MW campus in Temple, Bell County; $3B financing secured, operations targeted 2027. Distinct from Rowan's separately-tracked Frederick, MD campus. Coordinates are the Temple area centroid. The '$3B' figure is green debt financing (May 2026), not campus capex; the abatement cites a ~$700M minimum investment floor -> investmentUsd omitted. ~600 construction / ~40 permanent jobs projected (abatement requires >=48 permanent) -> jobs honest-zero.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "Power secured via a partnership with Oncor (ERCOT grid); no on-site generation documented."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "City of Temple requires closed-loop cooling for data-center projects; Project Temple's domestic water use is contractually capped at 4,000 gal/day (a contractual requirement, not an estimate) with no ongoing cooling-water withdrawal. The full utility-services agreement was withheld by the City in response to a records request."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "City of Temple property-tax abatement (Chapter 312) - reported 50% of city property tax for 10 years per construction phase (Killeen Daily Herald); project generates ~$7M/yr during abatement years and ~$12M/yr fully on the tax rolls (City of Temple)",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Temple, TX",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 700000000,
    "landAcres": 700,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Temple City Council approved unanimously and Bell County supported; organized resident opposition (town halls, council testimony) raised concerns over an undisclosed additional Rowan campus, water/grid/noise, and the abatement. Rowan held a March 2026 open house and community partnerships. The named tenant is undisclosed ('top global technology company'); opposition speculates Meta, unconfirmed.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "rsa-dexter-avenue-montgomery-al",
    "name": "RSA Dexter Avenue Datacenter",
    "operator": "The Retirement Systems of Alabama",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.37803,
      "lon": -86.303007,
      "city": "Montgomery",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "street": "445 Dexter Avenue",
      "postalCode": "36104",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2012-10-04",
        "note": "RSA opened the Dexter Avenue Datacenter on October 4, 2012.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.rsa-al.gov/real-estate/office-building-portfolio/rsa-datacenter/",
        "label": "RSA Dexter Avenue Datacenter",
        "publisher": "The Retirement Systems of Alabama",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac/2313",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 2313 - RSA Dexter Avenue Datacenter",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility in the RSA Dexter Avenue Building near the Alabama state capitol: nearly 42,000 square feet of data center space across six data halls with more than 300 card-access racks. The recorded 2 MW is RSA's stated total UPS capacity (approximately 10 minutes of runtime at full load), backed by two 2.5 MW generators and triple 1500 kVA transformers; cooling is four 360-ton chillers. Infrastructure is described as 2N or N+1 with true A/B feeds to each rack and row. RSA owns the facility; day-to-day operations are managed by NTT DATA, so the operator field records the owner. Heat-rejection method is not stated, so no cooling type is recorded.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rubix-ashland-works-russell-greenup-ky",
    "name": "Rubix Ashland Works Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Rubix Data Centers (Submer Group)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.5173028,
      "lon": -82.6976631,
      "city": "Russell",
      "county": "Greenup",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.route-fifty.com/artificial-intelligence/2026/07/developer-proposes-hyperscale-data-center-former-eastern-kentucky-steel-mill/414960/",
        "label": "Developer proposes hyperscale data center at former Eastern Kentucky steel mill",
        "publisher": "Route Fifty / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/data-centers-need-massive-power-theyre-eyeing-kentuckys-idle-industrial-sites-to-get-it",
        "label": "Data centers need massive power. They're eyeing Kentucky's idle industrial sites to get it. (AK Steel mill, Boyd and Greenup counties, 2 GW, Spain-based developer)",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.floydct.com/news/data-centers-eyeing-kentucky-s-idle-industrial-sites-to-get-massive-power/article_a929bb8d-80b8-4cca-ad87-57a62bdd5490.html",
        "label": "Data centers eyeing Kentucky's idle industrial sites to get massive power",
        "publisher": "Floyd County Times / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Russell%2C+Greenup+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Russell, Greenup County, KY",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Proposed on roughly 425 acres of the former AK Steel Ashland Works brownfield (now Cleveland-Cliffs property) along the Ohio River; reporting says the majority of the project area falls inside the City of Russell in Greenup County, with the remainder in Boyd County. Rubix Data Centers is a subsidiary of Barcelona-based Submer Group. Infrastructure investment is reported as a range of $8–12 billion, so no single investmentUsd figure is asserted. The company says construction would employ thousands and the operating facility 200 people at an average salary of $125,000, and that Russell could expect tens of millions of dollars in local property tax revenue. Coordinates are the Russell city centroid and are approximate — the mapped Ashland Works footprint extends east into Boyd County, roughly 3 km from this pin. Separate from, and roughly twice the size of, the TeraWulf Muskie campus already tracked at EastPark in the same corner of the state.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "Rubix says the data center would use approximately 55 million gallons of water annually; Route Fifty notes the Russell Water Company produces over 500 million gallons annually. No cooling method has been identified in the cited reporting, so coolingType is left unset."
    },
    "landAcres": 425,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The City of Russell passed a six-month moratorium on the construction and operation of data centers within city limits in June 2026. Rubix answered a city due-diligence questionnaire and scheduled a public meeting with county officials and residents.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "rwe-maryland-blue-crab-solar-storage-dorchester-md",
    "name": "Maryland Blue Crab Solar & Storage",
    "operator": "RWE Clean Energy (Maryland Blue Crab Solar & Storage, LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.578,
      "lon": -75.945,
      "county": "Dorchester",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-18",
        "note": "Virtual public hearing held before Public Utility Law Judge Christine L. Burke in PSC Case No. 9782; project remains under PPRP review.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dnr.maryland.gov/pprp/pages/projects-under-review.aspx",
        "label": "Projects Under Review — Case 9782, Blue Crab Solar & Storage LLC, 100 MW solar + 25 MW battery storage, ~820 acres, Dorchester County",
        "publisher": "Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Power Plant Research Program",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://americas.rwe.com/our-energy/solar-energy/solar-projects-and-locations/maryland-blue-crab-solar-storage/",
        "label": "Maryland Blue Crab Solar & Storage — RWE in the Americas",
        "publisher": "RWE Clean Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Sited about 0.5 miles southwest of East New Market and immediately north of Linkwood: 555 fenced acres within an 818-acre leased agricultural tract. Far and away the largest generation project in the Maryland PSC's current CPCN review queue, where the rest are 2-18 MW community-scale solar. Developer projects $39.5 million in county revenue over a 40-year life. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status remains PROPOSED, consistent with a 2026-02-18 PSC virtual public hearing before PULJ Christine L. Burke that had not yet concluded proceedings. No formal street address exists for this site -- RWE's own project page describes the location only as a rural tract, not a postal address -- so location.street is intentionally NOT populated to avoid inventing one. Total site size given as approximately 555 fenced-in acres within an 818-acre leased agricultural tract (landAcres not touched -- already present in existing record). No investment dollar figure found.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Delmarva Power & Light",
      "notes": "100 MW solar PV with a co-located 25 MW battery energy storage system and a 69 kV interconnection line to the Delmarva Power & Light grid south of Route 50. Maryland PSC CPCN Case No. 9782."
    },
    "landAcres": 555,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 140,
      "permanent": 5,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "Under CPCN review by the Maryland PSC with Power Plant Research Program participation; a virtual public hearing was held Feb. 18, 2026 and a further public comment hearing was scheduled for Aug. 31, 2026. Developer targets commercial operation at the end of 2028."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ryan-companies-project-swan-lakeland-fl",
    "name": "Project Swan",
    "operator": "Ryan Companies (end operator TBD)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 28.0305,
      "lon": -82.0054,
      "city": "Lakeland",
      "county": "Polk",
      "street": "923 Wilkinson Road",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "600,000 sq ft / 3-building proposal at Old Tampa Hwy & Wilkinson Rd; zoning may prohibit and site needs annexation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "CONFLICTING REPORTING - flag for maintainer judgment before applying. A 2026-06-03 city clarification (WUSF/LkldNow 'Still Active') said the applicant only withdrew from a June 3 Development Review Team meeting, not the application itself, after it was mistakenly marked withdrawn in the city's iMS system. But this 2026-09-01 piece states flatly the application 'had already been withdrawn in June' and that no data-center applications were pending when Lakeland passed its 1-year, 50MW-threshold moratorium on 2026-08-03. Reporting as cancelled on the more recent, more specific source, but the earlier contradiction should be checked.",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.lkldnow.com/hyperscale-data-center-proposed-for-lakeland/",
        "label": "Hyperscale data center proposed for Lakeland",
        "publisher": "LkldNow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfla.com/news/polk-county/project-swan-what-is-the-proposed-lakeland-data-center/",
        "label": "Project Swan: what is the proposed Lakeland data center?",
        "publisher": "WFLA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.polk-county.net/server/rest/services/Map_Property_Appraiser/MapServer/1/query?where=PARCELID%3D%27232822091000000300%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Polk County parcel/GIS record (parcel 232822091000000300)",
        "publisher": "Polk County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/lakeland-residents-question-environmental-impact-proposed-project-swan-data-center",
        "label": "Lakeland residents question environmental impact of proposed 'Project Swan' data center",
        "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tampabay28.com/news/region-polk/after-backlash-over-project-swan-some-call-for-data-center-moratorium-in-lakeland",
        "label": "After backlash over Project Swan, some call for data center moratorium in Lakeland",
        "publisher": "Tampa Bay 28 / WFTS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lakelandgazette.info/news/2026/06/01/coalition-rallies-against-lakeland-data-center-proposal/",
        "label": "Coalition Rallies Against Lakeland Data Center Proposal",
        "publisher": "Lakeland Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dmnews.com/dmn-lakeland-florida-just-paused-a-600-000-square-foot-100-megawatt-data-center-on-a-4-3-commission-vote-giving-the-city-twelve-months-to-decide-who-pays-for-the-grid-and-water-a-hyperscale-tenant-req/",
        "label": "Lakeland, Florida just paused a 600,000-square-foot, 100-megawatt data center on a 4-3 commission vote",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "600,000 sq ft across 3 buildings on 60.5 acres (4 parcels, near 923 Wilkinson Rd). Zoning may prohibit the project — data centers are not in Lakeland's Land Development Code — and part of the site is unincorporated Polk County, requiring annexation.",
    "landAcres": 60.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "More than 50 residents attended the June 1, 2026 Lakeland City Commission meeting to oppose the proposed 'Project Swan' hyperscale data center, with 18 speaking against it during audience comments. Resident Magdalene DuPree called the project 'a bad fit' and objected to a facility 'extracting value from us.' A grassroots petition campaign and coalition rally pushed the City Commission to consider a temporary data-center moratorium. No organized support for the project was documented in coverage reviewed.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ryan-stuart-summit-point-jefferson-county-wv",
    "name": "Summit Point Data Center Site (Ryan Stuart Development)",
    "operator": "Ryan Stuart Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2495466,
      "lon": -77.9586082,
      "city": "Summit Point",
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "postalCode": "25446",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-30",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-09",
        "note": "Reston-based Ryan Stuart Development purchased a 235-acre tract northwest of Summit Point village and began marketing it to data center operators.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://observerwv.news/posts/data-center-in-summit-point-politics-not-as-usual",
        "label": "Data Center In Summit Point, Politics Not As Usual",
        "publisher": "The Observer (WV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Summit%20Point%2C%20Jefferson%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Summit Point, Jefferson County, WV 25446",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Land assembly stage only. The Observer reports the company \"is in the early stages of marketing the site to potential data center operators and does not yet have a specific end-user identified,\" so no operator, capacity or AI classification is asserted. Coordinates are the Summit Point community centroid; the tract is described as northwest of the village and its boundary is not published.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "The Observer reports a ballpark water demand of between 100,000 and 130,000 gallons per day, and that the Charles Town Utility Board discussed supplying water and a \"purple line\" carrying treated wastewater-plant effluent. reportedMgd is left unset because the figure is a range, not a stated value."
    },
    "landAcres": 235,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "saadia-holding-athens-dover-township-oh",
    "name": "Saadia Holding Athens–Dover Township Data Center",
    "operator": "Saadia Holding LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3700911,
      "lon": -82.1323674,
      "city": "The Plains",
      "county": "Athens",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-14",
        "note": "Saadia Holding LLC first contacted the Athens County planner about land-use regulations for the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://athensindependent.com/possible-athens-data-center/",
        "label": "(Updated) NY company exploring Athens County data center",
        "publisher": "Athens County Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://athensindependent.com/data-centers-across-appalachian-ohio/",
        "label": "Appalachian Ohio a target for data centers",
        "publisher": "Athens County Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "A roughly 250,000 sq ft facility proposed on nearly 300 acres across six parcels fronting U.S. 33 along the Athens–Dover township line, across from Athens High School. Land is owned by NML Gallia LLC. No formal development application had been filed as of late July 2026.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The company described a closed-loop cooling system requiring about 100,000 gallons to fill initially and 10,000–20,000 gallons monthly for maintenance."
    },
    "landAcres": 300,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Athens Township trustees (Aug 1, 2026), Athens City Council (Aug 3, 2026) and the Athens County commissioners (Aug 4, 2026) each adopted one-year data center moratoria after residents packed July 28 meetings.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-butte-mt",
    "name": "Sabey Data Centers Butte Campus (Montana Connections)",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.9965283,
      "lon": -112.6981966,
      "city": "Butte",
      "county": "Silver Bow",
      "street": "German Gulch Rd & Rick Jones Way",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Land purchase/sale agreement for a 606.5-acre parcel in the Montana Connections Industrial Park was still contingent on closing, with the deadline extended to Feb 11, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/sabey-butte-montana",
        "label": "Sabey: Butte, Montana Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/power-drain-a-guide-to-proposed-data-centers-so-far-in-montana/article_a01fd8b1-ba3e-5eeb-8ffa-38b809273906.html",
        "label": "Power Drain: A guide to proposed data centers so far in Montana",
        "publisher": "Bozeman Daily Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Sabey withdrew/terminated its buy-sell agreement on 2026-05-13 after REC Silicon exercised a right of first refusal (dating to 1996) over part of the 606.5-acre Montana Connections parcel in April 2026. The project had planned an initial 50MW of power under a non-binding LOI with NorthWestern Energy for 2027, with scalability to 250MW+ by 2029 -- the higher figure is an aspirational scale-up target, not recorded in capacityMw. Butte-Silver Bow officials said afterward they were working with Sabey to identify an alternative parcel within or adjacent to the same industrial park; no replacement site was confirmed in sources checked this run (2026-09-13). Coordinate is a road-level OSM Nominatim geocode of German Gulch Road near the Ramsay/Ramsay-Butte area (Silver Bow County), not a confirmed parcel boundary.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-decatur-technology-park-marion-county-in",
    "name": "Sabey Decatur Technology Park",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7,
      "lon": -86.28,
      "city": "Decatur Township",
      "county": "Marion",
      "street": "Kentucky Avenue & Camby Road",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — AES Indiana",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sabey-targets-indianapolis-for-250mw-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Sabey targets Indianapolis for 250MW data center campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/indy-commission-clears-way-first-092737761.html",
        "label": "Indy commission clears way for first hyperscale data center in city",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News / IBJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "More than one million sq ft, 250MW over a 5-year period. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "AES Indiana"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 130,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Metro Development Commission approved via a 'variance of use' (bypassing full rezoning) in March 2026; 7 residents sued in Marion Superior Court for judicial review, developer filed a motion to dismiss June 2026, case pending.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-ashburn-building-a-va",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.Ashburn (Building A)",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0144996,
      "lon": -77.4799874,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 54
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Dominion Energy Virginia",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250624907578/en/Sabey-Data-Centers-Breaks-Ground-on-Final-Phase-of-Ashburn-Campus-Expansion",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/793888427",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/793888427",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/ashburn-data-center",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers AI/HPC — Sabey's own Ashburn page markets Building A as air/liquid/hybrid-coole",
        "publisher": "sabeydatacenters.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Per June 2025 Business Wire release, Building A (21735 Red Rum Drive) broke ground as the final phase of the Ashburn campus expansion; expected operational 2026, will be Sabey's first 3-story DC at 54MW total campus capacity. AI/HPC (likely): Sabey's own Ashburn page markets Building A as air/liquid/hybrid-cooled and '>100 kW per Rack - Capable of handling high-density deployments' with liquid cooling enabled.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-columbia-building-a-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.Columbia Building A",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4086205,
      "lon": -120.1893981,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "4405 A Grant Road",
      "postalCode": "98802",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/sabey-intergate-columbia",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Sabey Intergate.Columbia Building A",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460167187",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/460167187",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Original Building A of the Intergate.Columbia campus (leased to T-Mobile/VMware at launch, announced 2006).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PUD No 1 of Douglas County"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-columbia-building-b-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.Columbia Building B",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.407164,
      "lon": -120.1875239,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "4405 B Grant Road",
      "postalCode": "98802",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2010-10-05",
        "note": "Ecology's second-tier review technical support document describes Building B as an existing, occupied multi-tenant data center building at the Intergate Columbia campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/east-wenatchee-data-center",
        "label": "SDC Columbia, 4405 Grant Rd, East Wenatchee - 70 MW campus, three buildings operational and a fourth under construction, Douglas County PUD hydro, evaporative and economizer cooling, 1.2 average annualized PUE",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/Asset-Collections/Doc-Assets/Air-quality/Data-Centers/Blackrock-and-Sabey/Tier2-TSD-Blackrock-Sabey-CL100510",
        "label": "Technical Support Document for Second Tier Review of Blackrock and Sabey Data Centers, East Wenatchee (Oct 5, 2010) - Intergate Columbia, 4405 Grant Road, Douglas County",
        "publisher": "Washington State Department of Ecology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/460167186",
        "label": "OSM way 460167186 - 'Intergate Columbia B', telecom=data_center, operator=Sabey Data Centers, 4405 B Grant Road East Wenatchee 98802",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "The Intergate.Columbia campus is tracked per building (the projection already carries Building A). Building B is the multi-tenant building that Ecology's 2010 second-tier review describes as housing three independently owned data centers - VMware's leased space plus the separately permitted Blackrock and Sabey halls (approval orders 10AQ-C153 and 10AQ-C152). Those tenant-level halls are deliberately NOT emitted as separate facilities: they are the same site. The 70 MW figure on Sabey's page is campus-wide and is therefore not recorded on this building.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Douglas County Public Utility District",
      "notes": "Sabey states electricity for SDC Columbia 'is supplied by sustainable hydro power through Douglas County Public Utility District'."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Sabey describes SDC Columbia as using evaporative and economizer cooling with hot aisle / cold aisle containment. Campus-level description applied to this building."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "environmental": {
      "pue": 1.2,
      "pueConfidence": "reported",
      "waterStress": "unknown"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-columbia-building-d-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.Columbia Building D",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4075849,
      "lon": -120.1915785,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-17",
        "note": "Sabey's SDC Columbia page states three buildings are currently operational with a fourth under construction; OSM maps a fourth Sabey-operated building, 'Intergate Columbia D', on the campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/east-wenatchee-data-center",
        "label": "SDC Columbia, 4405 Grant Rd, East Wenatchee - 'Three buildings currently operational; a fourth under construction'",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1071774674",
        "label": "OSM way 1071774674 - 'Intergate Columbia D', building=industrial, telecom=data_center, operator=Sabey Data Centers",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Identification of OSM's 'Intergate Columbia D' with the fourth building Sabey describes as under construction is an inference from two sources that agree on campus, operator and building count; it is not stated in one document, hence confidence 'reported'. No street number is recorded because OSM carries none for this polygon. The 70 MW campus figure is not attributed to this building.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Douglas County Public Utility District",
      "notes": "Campus-level: Sabey states SDC Columbia electricity is supplied by hydro power through Douglas County PUD."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-east-building-1-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.East Building 1",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4948597,
      "lon": -122.2881943,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/washington/seattle/sabey-intergate-east/",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/205724885",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/205724885",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Part of the active SDC Seattle / Intergate.East campus (3311-3511 S 120th Pl, Tukwila). OSM lists county as King, WA -- Tukwila is in King County, consistent.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Seattle City Light"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-east-building-3-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.East Building 3",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4934798,
      "lon": -122.2904647,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "3333 South 120th Place",
      "postalCode": "98168",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/293211686",
        "label": "OSM way 293211686 - 'Intergate Seattle East Building 3', building=data_center, telecom=data_center, operator=Sabey Data Centers, 3333 South 120th Place Tukwila 98168",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/seattle-data-center",
        "label": "SDC Seattle, Tukwila - 54 MW capacity, single or multi-tenant buildings, evaporative and economizer cooling",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "OSM tags this building as a data center with operator Sabey Data Centers. Sabey's own real-estate marketing has at times described Building 3 as flex-tech/manufacturing space rather than purely data hall, so the share of the building in data-center use is unverified; status is recorded as operational on the strength of the OSM tagging and the campus being in service, with confidence 'reported'. The campus's 54 MW is not attributed to this building.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-east-building-5-sdc-east-5-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.East Building 5 (SDC East 5)",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.491986,
      "lon": -122.2896655,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "3355 South 120th Place",
      "postalCode": "98168",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/sabey-sdc-east-5",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/293211683",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/293211683",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "SDC East 5 at 3355 South 120th Place, Tukwila, WA 98168 -- confirmed distinct building on the Intergate.East campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Seattle City Light"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-manhattan-ny",
    "name": "SDC Manhattan (Intergate.Manhattan), 375 Pearl Street",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.7106,
      "lon": -74.0013,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "street": "375 Pearl Street",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/new-york-data-center",
        "label": "SDC Manhattan | Sabey Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Net-new relative to the two existing aggregate carrier-hotel rows: 375 Pearl Street is a separate building from 60 Hudson Street and 32 Avenue of the Americas, and is single-owner (Sabey), not a multi-tenant carrier hotel, so this is not a named tenant inside an already-aggregated building. Operator states \"18 MW of aggregate power delivered to the campus\" and a \"222k Square Feet Dedicated Data Center Footprint\"; trade press reports a larger planned build-out figure, which is deliberately NOT recorded here because the operator's own page states 18. Coordinates geocoded from the street address the operator publishes (375 Pearl Street, New York, NY 10038), hence approximate. No subsidy, investment, jobs, or AI-workload statement found on the operator page.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Operator's own site description lists \"Three 1000-ton cooling towers and two 600-ton chillers\" with hot-aisle containment. Classified evaporative because the heat-rejection path is water-consuming cooling towers. No withdrawal or consumption volume is published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-quincy-campus-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.Quincy Campus",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.247,
      "lon": -119.83,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "2200 M Street NE",
      "postalCode": "98848",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 70
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-18",
        "note": "Cascade PBS toured Sabey's fifth and newest building on the Quincy campus, 15 years after the company first arrived; four more data halls are planned once electricity capacity catches up.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/sabey-intergate-quincy-building-b",
        "label": "Sabey: Intergate.Quincy (Building B) — 2200 M Street NE, Quincy, Washington",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cascadepbs.org/the-newsfeed-2/2026/08/washington-state-grapples-with-the-ai-data-center-boom/",
        "label": "Washington state grapples with the AI data center boom",
        "publisher": "Cascade PBS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers — Locations (SDC Quincy, SDC Columbia, SDC Seattle)",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Sabey's Quincy campus (SDC Quincy / Intergate.Quincy), launched in 2011 at 2200 M Street NE, now spans more than 525,000 sq ft across five purpose-built buildings (A, B, D, E and one more). This is a distinct campus from Sabey's Intergate.Columbia in East Wenatchee (4405 Grant Road) already tracked, and from the Intergate.East and Intergate.West campuses in the Seattle area. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the campus address.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Grant County PUD",
      "notes": "Cascade PBS reports the entire campus is capped at 70 MW — the maximum it can draw at one time from the local utility. Sabey markets low power rates and proximity to the regional grid as siting drivers."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "notes": "Sabey markets the campus's mild, dry climate as suited to efficient evaporative cooling."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-west-building-a-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.West Building A",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4921833,
      "lon": -122.2933176,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "12301 Tukwila International Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "98168",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/washington/seattle/sabey-intergate-west/",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/337126742",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/337126742",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Distinct Intergate.West building address, confirmed part of Sabey's Seattle campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Seattle City Light"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-west-building-b-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.West Building B",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4930744,
      "lon": -122.2936837,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "12201 Tukwila International Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "98168",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/337126741",
        "label": "OSM way 337126741 - 'Intergate Seattle West Building B', telecom=data_center, operator=Sabey Data Centers, 12201 Tukwila International Boulevard Tukwila 98168",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/seattle-data-center",
        "label": "SDC Seattle, Tukwila - Sabey's Seattle-area campus",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Completes the Intergate.West address run (12101 = Building C and 12301 = Building A are already tracked; this is 12201). Operator tag and address from OSM.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-intergate-west-building-c-wa",
    "name": "Sabey Intergate.West Building C",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.494123,
      "lon": -122.2943972,
      "city": "Tukwila",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "12101 Tukwila International Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "98168",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/washington/seattle/sabey-intergate-west/",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/337126739",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/337126739",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Intergate.West campus (12101-12301 Tukwila International Blvd) -- part of Sabey's flagship Seattle multi-tenant campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Seattle City Light"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sabey-umatilla-or",
    "name": "SDC Umatilla Campus",
    "operator": "Sabey Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.919,
      "lon": -119.339,
      "city": "Umatilla",
      "county": "Umatilla",
      "street": "Wanapa Road",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "poweredBy": "Oregon grid (40% renewable); net-zero by 2029",
    "announcedDate": "2023-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-09",
        "note": "Sabey Data Centers announced 60-acre land purchase in Umatilla; groundbreaking planned for 2024 (revised from Q1 2025 per DCD)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07-15",
        "note": "Construction underway on the 714,540 sq ft, 150+ MW SDC Umatilla campus (Wanapa Road): work has been ongoing at the site since spring 2026 (rock excavation and blasting). The first of two data halls is targeted to go online April 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sabey-data-centers-purchases-60-acres-in-umatilla-oregon-for-100mw-facility/",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers Purchases 60 Acres in Umatilla, Oregon for 100MW+ Facility",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230914142077/en/Sabey-Data-Centers-to-Build-New-Data-Center-Campus-in-Umatilla-Oregon",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers to Build New Data Center Campus in Umatilla, Oregon",
        "publisher": "Business Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hermistonherald.com/2023/11/07/sabey-data-centers-comes-to-umatilla/",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers comes to Umatilla",
        "publisher": "Hermiston Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/sabey-data-centers-picks-oregon-for-950m-project/",
        "label": "Sabey Data Centers picks Oregon",
        "publisher": "Commercial Search",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hermistonherald.com/2026/07/15/714000-square-foot-data-center-construction-under-way-in-umatilla/",
        "label": "714,000-square-foot data center construction under way in Umatilla",
        "publisher": "Hermiston Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://eastoregonian.com/2026/07/15/714000-square-foot-data-center-construction-under-way-in-umatilla/",
        "label": "714,000-square-foot data center construction under way in Umatilla",
        "publisher": "East Oregonian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sabeydatacenters.com/locations/sdc-umatilla",
        "label": "SDC Umatilla",
        "publisher": "Sabey Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Two-building, 714,540 sq ft multi-tenant campus. Groundbreaking originally Q1 2025, revised to 2024 per DCD; construction start as of July 2026 not independently confirmed. Investment figures conflicting across sources ($520M in one report, ~$950M in another); investmentUsd omitted. Coordinates are Umatilla city centroid. Planned capacity revised from 100 MW to 150 MW: the campus is described as designed to support more than 150 megawatts. Sabey's own materials give a more conservative \"120 MW+\", which is consistent rather than contradictory.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "PacifiCorp",
      "notes": "Oregon grid is 40% renewable with 100% target by 2040. Sabey committed to net-zero carbon-free energy by 2029, 11 years ahead of Oregon's state target. JetCool Technologies liquid cooling pilot testing underway."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Sabey states it is \"relying less on water-based cooling\" for this development; a JetCool Technologies microjet liquid-cooling pilot is underway. No MGD disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Greater Umatilla Enterprise Zone — 15-year property-tax abatement (county commissioners approved Aug 15, 2023). Terms: >=$200M investment and >=10 FTE at >=130% of county average wage; a $2M community-investment fee (hospital district + river trail) plus $85K/yr school and $58K/yr fire-district fees. Total abatement value not disclosed.",
        "jurisdiction": "Umatilla County, OR",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 60,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "County commissioners approved the enterprise-zone agreement (Aug 15, 2023); the Port of Umatilla welcomed the project; the community-investment fee funds a hospital-district clinic and a river trail. No opposition recorded. Investment estimates conflict ($520M per DCD, $950M per Commercial Search) — estimates, not confirmed.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "safe-harbor-hydroelectric-lancaster-county-pa",
    "name": "Safe Harbor Hydroelectric Station",
    "operator": "Brookfield Renewable",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.9331,
      "lon": -76.3856,
      "city": "Conestoga Township",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-07-15",
        "note": "Existing Susquehanna River hydro station brought under Google's hydro framework agreement with Brookfield.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.witf.org/2025/07/16/google-to-buy-3b-worth-of-electricity-for-data-centers-from-holtwood-safe-harbor-hydroelectric-plants/",
        "label": "Google to buy $3B worth of electricity for data centers from Holtwood, Safe Harbor hydroelectric plants",
        "publisher": "WITF",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/pennsylvania-s-70-billion-race-for-america-s-data-centers",
        "label": "Pennsylvania's $70 Billion Race for America's Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "No per-plant capacity is recorded: every figure located this session (670 MW contracted, 296 MW average combined output) is a two-plant combined number, and splitting it would be a fabricated attribution. Dam coordinates are approximate.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "hydro",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "Covered by a 20-year, more-than-$3-billion hydro framework agreement with Google announced July 15, 2025, under which Google contracts 670 MW across Safe Harbor and Holtwood combined. WITF reports the two plants' combined current output averages about 296 MW annually, of which Google's share averages about 33.5 MW. The plants are to be relicensed, upgraded or overhauled to meet the new demand. Brookfield retains existing commitments from Safe Harbor, including to Amtrak."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sagebrush-hallam-hyperscale-campus-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Sagebrush Hallam Hyperscale Campus (proposed)",
    "operator": "Sagebrush Infrastructure Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.545,
      "lon": -96.7992,
      "city": "Hallam",
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1700
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-27",
        "note": "Land options across 1,400+ acres in southwestern Lancaster County reported; no application filed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2026/08/27/data-center-developers-eyeing-land-near-hallam/",
        "label": "Data center developers eyeing land near Hallam",
        "publisher": "1011 NOW (KOLN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/hallam-landowners-face-stark-choice-on-data-center/",
        "label": "Hallam landowners face stark choice on data center",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Land assemblage only — memorandums of purchase agreement with 13 landowners along Southwest 58th Street just west of Hallam, giving exclusivity windows of roughly six months to four years. Sagebrush Infrastructure Partners LLC was acquired by Tel Aviv-based Stark Power in June 2026 as part of a reported 5.6 GW US development pipeline; the Hallam site is one of five planned hyperscale campuses targeting MISO and SPP territory. Coordinates are an approximation of the reported SW 58th Street assemblage west of Hallam; no parcel map has been published. Distinct from the separate 35 MW Monolith/Crusoe proposal inside the Village of Hallam's zoning jurisdiction.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Sagebrush is described as a developer of hyperscale data centers with co-located natural gas-fired power plants. Reporting says the developer wants natural gas, water, and a grid interconnection as a redundant source: \"They're going to provide their own power, but they also want to hook up to the grid in case their power goes down.\" The optioned land sits near NPPD's Sheldon Station and its Princeton Road Station site."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "The campus requires water access; 1011 NOW reports Hallam's water supply as one of the site's attractions for the developer. No withdrawal or consumption figure has been published."
    },
    "landAcres": 1400,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Thirteen landowners signed purchase options between December 2025 and mid-March 2026; a farmer who declined said the project \"caused a bunch of division in the community among neighbors\" and objected to turning Hallam from \"a small, sleepy farming community\" into \"an industrial center.\" Lancaster County commissioners were separately weighing a 12-month data-center moratorium in August 2026. Stark's VP of digital infrastructure said \"no final decision has been made at this time.\"",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-broadway-grant-county-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Broadway Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2,
      "lon": -119.45,
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-09",
        "note": "Operator says the site was expanded to 2 MW in September 2023.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Broadway)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Salcido's first Grant County site, expanded to 2 MW in September 2023; the operator describes it as high-security data processing for AI and cryptocurrency systems. Salcido does not publish a street address or town for this site, so the coordinates are a Grant County approximation and should be refined before publication.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-cashmere-cashmere-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Cashmere Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.5262,
      "lon": -120.4692,
      "city": "Cashmere",
      "county": "Chelan",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2014",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Core / Cashmere, complete 2014, cryptocurrency mining conversion)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/salcido-enterprises",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises Data Centers and Colocation",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Company's own site lists \"Core (Cashmere)\", completed 2014, described as a converted industrial complex for cryptocurrency mining — the company's oldest listed facility. Baxtel corroborates a Cashmere site in the Salcido portfolio. No independent (non-operator) press specifically naming this site was found; capacity not disclosed. Same company-wide crypto-to-AI pivot caveat applies (see Pangborn record).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-columbia-wenatchee-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Columbia Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4235,
      "lon": -120.3103,
      "city": "Wenatchee",
      "county": "Chelan",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2018/power-struggle-bitcoin-mining-boom-transforming-apple-country-one-megawatt-time/",
        "label": "Power struggle: How a bitcoin mining boom is transforming apple country, one megawatt at a time",
        "publisher": "GeekWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Tower Two / Columbia, Wenatchee)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "GeekWire (2018) reported 1,800 mining machines running 24/7 \"solving complicated algorithms to earn digital currency\" at this converted cold-storage warehouse. Company's own site lists it as \"Tower Two (Columbia)\" in Wenatchee. GeekWire notes Salcido was building a facility \"five times the size\" of Columbia (i.e. Pangborn, ~10MW), implying Columbia is roughly ~2MW, but that figure is not independently confirmed so capacity is omitted here. Same pivot-to-AI caveat as Pangborn applies (see that record's notes) — current crypto share of this site's workload not independently confirmed for 2025/2026.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-eller-douglas-county-wa",
    "name": "Salcido ELLER Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.74,
      "lon": -119.69,
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018-09",
        "note": "Operator says the site renovation was completed in September 2018.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (ELLER)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "4 MW of dedicated high-density electrical service with dedicated fiber feeds in Douglas County; renovation completed September 2018. Distinct from Salcido's tracked Pangborn site, which is a separate 10 MW, four-building Douglas County facility completed in May 2018. Salcido does not publish a street address or town for ELLER, so the coordinates are a Douglas County approximation and should be refined before publication.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-entiat-chelan-county-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Entiat Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6743,
      "lon": -120.2093,
      "city": "Entiat",
      "county": "Chelan",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-07",
        "note": "Operator says deployment of 2 MW of data space took place in July 2023.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Entiat)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.columbiariverkeeper.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026.02.26-Data-Center-Closer-Look-Report.pdf",
        "label": "A Closer Look: Columbia River Data Centers (February 2026) — Chelan County hosts at least three Salcido Enterprises facilities",
        "publisher": "Columbia Riverkeeper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "2 MW of data space deployed July 2023 for cryptocurrency mining and AI capacity, in Chelan County. Columbia Riverkeeper's February 2026 report independently notes Chelan County hosts at least three Salcido facilities, consistent with Cashmere, Columbia and Entiat. The operator does not publish a street address; the city and coordinates are inferred from the site's name and are marked approximate.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-fortress-quincy-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Fortress Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.234,
      "lon": -119.8528,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4.6
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/salcido-fortress",
        "label": "Salcido: Fortress Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Core Valley / Fortress, Grant County, built 2023, 4.6MW)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Purpose-built 2023, 4.6MW; company markets it for \"24x7 blockchain and AI workloads\" (mixed use, not exclusively crypto). Distinct from Salcido's other Quincy site (Horizon) but exact street address for either is not published, so both use the same Quincy centroid — treat as two candidate parcels pending precise siting. Company-wide crypto-to-AI pivot caveat applies (see Pangborn record).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-horizon-quincy-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Horizon Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.236,
      "lon": -119.85,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "announcedDate": "2019",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/salcido-horizon",
        "label": "Salcido: Horizon Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Center Plus / Horizon, online Q1 2019, 4MW)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Online Q1 2019, 4MW; Baxtel describes it as designed for \"advanced AI and cryptocurrency data systems\" (mixed use). Distinct from Fortress (see that record's note on shared Quincy centroid — exact parcel addresses unpublished for both). Company-wide crypto-to-AI pivot caveat applies (see Pangborn record).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-pangborn-east-wenatchee-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Pangborn Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.3985,
      "lon": -120.2075,
      "city": "East Wenatchee",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 10
    },
    "announcedDate": "2018",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2018/power-struggle-bitcoin-mining-boom-transforming-apple-country-one-megawatt-time/",
        "label": "Power struggle: How a bitcoin mining boom is transforming apple country, one megawatt at a time",
        "publisher": "GeekWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Alpha/Pangborn, 10MW, completed May 2018)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/salcido-pangborn-data-center",
        "label": "Salcido Pangborn Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/wvbusiness/after-15-years-in-crypto-salcido-enterprises-pivots-toward-ai-global-aid/article_931ae07f-0e2f-4a58-b2c6-a9ae8453245e.html",
        "label": "After 15 years in crypto, Salcido Enterprises pivots toward AI, global aid",
        "publisher": "Wenatchee World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Salcido Enterprises' flagship site, completed May 2018, 10MW, in the Pangborn Business Park near Pangborn Memorial Airport, East Wenatchee. GeekWire (2018) describes it as the company's main Bitcoin mining facility, powered by Columbia River hydro via Douglas County PUD. Founder Malachi Salcido is the largest independent crypto-mining operator in the Mid-Columbia Basin (~11.5MW company-wide as of Sept 2025 across Chelan/Douglas/Grant counties). CAVEAT: a June 2026 Wenatchee World profile quotes Salcido saying the company is now \"quickly becoming AI compute with a little bit of crypto currency\" company-wide — Pangborn's current exact crypto-vs-AI workload split is not independently confirmed, though it is still referenced (via a 2021 bitcoin-mining-servers photo) as the company's bitcoin site in that same 2026 piece. GigaWatt's former (now-defunct) mine was also sited in this same business park — do not conflate the two; they are separate parcels/operators.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "salcido-wheeler-moses-lake-wa",
    "name": "Salcido Wheeler Data Center",
    "operator": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.125,
      "lon": -119.285,
      "city": "Moses Lake",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4.8
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/salcido-wheeler",
        "label": "Salcido: Wheeler Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.salcidoenterprises.tech/data-centers",
        "label": "Salcido Enterprises — Data Centers (Park Prime / Wheeler, Dec 2024, 4.8MW)",
        "publisher": "Salcido Enterprises, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "Newest Salcido facility, opened December 2024, 4.8MW — the company's third purpose-built Grant County site. Baxtel: \"custom-built, high-density Tier-0 facility... expanding capacity for blockchain and AI operations\" (mixed use). Distinct from the already-tracked bitfarms-moses-lake-wa (different operator/site). Company-wide crypto-to-AI pivot caveat applies (see Pangborn record) — being the newest site, it may skew more AI-weighted than the older facilities.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "salix-data-center-site-ia",
    "name": "Salix Data Center Site (Midwest Capital Group)",
    "operator": "Midwest Capital Group (MidAmerican Energy)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3208,
      "lon": -96.2872,
      "city": "Salix",
      "county": "Woodbury",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-03",
        "note": "Google confirmed it is exploring a data center in the Salix area on land where MidAmerican affiliate Midwest Capital Group holds options.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2026/08/03/google-considering-data-center-salix-iowa-according-midamerican-energy/",
        "label": "Google is considering a data center in Salix, IA",
        "publisher": "KTIV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2026/08/06/woodbury-county-residents-suing-city-salix-over-annexed-land-involved-data-center-controversy/",
        "label": "Woodbury County landowners looking to void annexation of 900 acres near Salix",
        "publisher": "KTIV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-06-17/potential-data-center-sparks-moratorium-push-in-northwest-iowa",
        "label": "Woodbury County moves to pause data center projects for 1 year",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "About 900 acres of farmland northeast of Salix, voluntarily annexed from Woodbury County by the Salix City Council in April 2026, being considered for a data center campus. Google confirmed on 2026-08-03 that it is exploring a future data center in the Salix area; Google said it will not pursue local real estate property tax abatements or rebates. MidAmerican stressed 'This is not a project announcement, development agreement or request for approval.' No investment, capacity or building count has been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy",
      "notes": "MidAmerican Energy affiliate Midwest Capital Group acquired options on the property and said it plans to transfer them to a future electric customer for development."
    },
    "landAcres": 900,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Woodbury County supervisors passed a one-year data center moratorium on 2026-06-23, but the site sits inside Salix city limits and is not covered by it. A petition against the facility drew more than 540 signatures. Woodbury County residents sued the City of Salix in August 2026 asking a court to void the annexation as defective, alleging four of five applications covered land not adjoining city borders, no required county consultation, no 14-day written notice to adjacent landowners, and no proper boundary maps. Salix City Council voted 3-2 on 2026-07-08 to explore its own moratorium, with formal language set for a 2026-08-12 vote.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "salt-creek-solar-lancaster-ne",
    "name": "Salt Creek Solar",
    "operator": "Ranger Power",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.8326,
      "lon": -96.5052,
      "county": "Lancaster",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Developer's site records a special permit approved by the Lincoln–Lancaster County Planning Commission and the Lincoln City Council; Nebraska DWEE still lists the project as under development.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://saltcreeksolar.com/",
        "label": "Salt Creek Solar by Ranger Power",
        "publisher": "Ranger Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Salt_Creek_solar_farm",
        "label": "Salt Creek solar farm",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/solar-thermal-photovoltaic/solar-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Solar Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "250 MWac on approximately 1,500 acres east of Lincoln; developer projects a $230 million investment, more than 300 construction jobs and roughly $20 million in lifetime tax revenue. Confidence is \"reported\" rather than \"confirmed\" because the three sources disagree on whether the project is live: Global Energy Monitor marks it shelved (inferred October 2025), Nebraska DWEE still lists it under development, and the developer's own site is undated. Neighbours filed suit against the approval. COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: GEM's own approximate figure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 230000000,
    "landAcres": 1500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "samx-data-centers-remington-fauquier-va",
    "name": "SAMX Data Centers",
    "operator": "SAMX Data LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.53,
      "lon": -77.8,
      "city": "Remington",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "proposed per Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_18be50e8-49f6-11ef-95cf-3b45407fea55.html",
        "label": "Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow (sourced from Fauquier Co. planning staff)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "HONEST INTAKE: application on hold awaiting a second county submission — recorded as status=proposed with the hold explicitly noted, per prompt guidance to intake real filings with an honest 'on hold' note rather than drop. Fauquier planning-database roundup; application on hold awaiting resubmission.",
    "landAcres": 55.26,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "san-juan-solar-storage-kirtland-nm",
    "name": "San Juan Solar and Storage (Phase One)",
    "operator": "DESRI (D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.7353,
      "lon": -108.3287,
      "city": "Kirtland",
      "county": "San Juan",
      "street": "451 Road 6500",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2023-10-24",
        "note": "DESRI, SOLV Energy and PNM celebrated the groundbreaking; commercial operations expected by the end of 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-03-02",
        "note": "Regional reporting described phase one — 200 MW solar plus 100 MW of battery storage on 1,100 acres — as completed and online, with phase two under construction.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2023/10/new-mexico-celebrates-groundbreaking-of-solar-storage-project/",
        "label": "New Mexico celebrates groundbreaking of 200-MW solar + storage project",
        "publisher": "Solar Power World",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/through-clear-skies-four-corners-energy-transition-underway/",
        "label": "Through clear skies, Four Corners energy transition underway",
        "publisher": "The Durango Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Distinct from Four Mile Mesa and Foxtail Flats, which are separate DESRI/TAGC projects on Ute Mountain Ute land that broke ground in 2026. Street address is taken verbatim from the groundbreaking coverage; the coordinate is still a Kirtland locality approximation, not a parcel-confirmed point, so precision is 'approximate'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "200 MWac of solar with battery storage, under 20-year power purchase agreements with PNM. Built as capacity replacement for the retired San Juan Generating Station and interconnected through that plant's existing infrastructure. Storage is described as 400 MWh in the developer/EPC announcement and as 100 MW in later regional reporting; the two are consistent as a 100 MW / 4-hour system."
    },
    "landAcres": 1100,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "EPC was SOLV Energy. Phase two, adding another 200 MW, was reported under construction as of March 2025. Total project cost reported at about $500 million."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sandia-725e-hpc-data-center-albuquerque-nm",
    "name": "Sandia National Laboratories 725E High-Performance Computing Data Center",
    "operator": "Sandia National Laboratories (U.S. Department of Energy / NNSA)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.05,
      "lon": -106.54,
      "city": "Albuquerque",
      "county": "Bernalillo",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018-10",
        "note": "The 725E data center addition on Sandia's Albuquerque campus was completed in October 2018 to house the Astra supercomputer; it earned LEED v4 Gold BD+C: Data Center certification in June 2020.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sandia.gov/labnews/2020/06/19/leedv4-gold/",
        "label": "Data center earns LEED v4 Gold certification",
        "publisher": "Sandia National Laboratories (Lab News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Federal HPC data center housing the Astra and Vanguard systems. The cited source does not state floor area or IT power capacity, so capacityMw and landAcres are omitted. Coordinate is an approximate anchor on Sandia's Albuquerque campus at Kirtland AFB, not a building-level point.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 0.25,
      "notes": "A 250-kilowatt solar unit contributes to the building's energy use. The cited source does not identify the grid supplier."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Warm-water cooling through the compute racks, an airside economizer that uses untreated outdoor air roughly 75-80% of the year in New Mexico's dry climate, a passive thermosyphon heat-transfer loop, and cell-deck evaporative cooling used about 17% of the year — i.e. the design switches between evaporative and dry modes seasonally. The thermosyphon alone saved more than half a million gallons of water in its first six months."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sandow-lakes-energy-station-lee-county-tx",
    "name": "Sandow Lakes Energy Station",
    "operator": "Sandow Lakes Energy Company, LLC",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.3031353,
      "lon": -96.9588587,
      "county": "Lee",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-02-12",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sandow-lakes-energy-company-llc-announces-agreement-to-construct-a-1200-net-megawatt-combined-cycle-power-plant-at-sandow-lakes-ranch-in-the-texas-triangle-302059619.html",
        "label": "Sandow Lakes Energy Company, LLC Announces Agreement to Construct a 1200 Net Megawatt Combined Cycle Power Plant at Sandow Lakes Ranch",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire / Sandow Lakes Energy Company",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "1,200 net MW at Sandow Lakes Ranch, with construction stated to begin in 2025 and commercial operation targeted for 2028. The announcement names no offtaker; separate reporting has described the plant as serving private customers rather than the grid, but no data center offtaker is named in a source fetched this session, so `generation.offtaker` is deliberately left unset. County is recorded as Lee per the company announcement; the ranch is variously described as spanning the Milam County line. Coordinates are a county-level geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two Siemens Energy SGT6-9000HL turbines in combined-cycle configuration, described as hydrogen-ready. Built on the former Alcoa Sandow industrial site, replacing 1950s-era coal generation."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sangha-renewables-ector-county-tx",
    "name": "Sangha Renewables Ector County Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Sangha Renewables",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.8633,
      "lon": -102.3656,
      "city": "Odessa",
      "county": "Ector",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 19.9
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-12",
        "note": "Ribbon-cutting/energization ceremony."
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/sangha-energizes-20-bitcoin-mining",
        "label": "Sangha Opens 20MW Bitcoin Mining Facility In Texas",
        "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sangha-partners-with-totalenergies-to-energize-199mw-solar-powered-bitcoin-mining-site-in-ector-county-texas/",
        "label": "Sangha partners with TotalEnergies to energize 19.9MW solar powered Bitcoin mining site in Ector County, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter off a 150 MW solar farm in Ector County owned/operated by TotalEnergies; partner Links Genco."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "behind_meter"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sangha-systems-hennepin-il",
    "name": "Sangha Systems Hennepin (82 River North)",
    "operator": "Sangha Systems",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2489,
      "lon": -89.339,
      "city": "Hennepin",
      "county": "Putnam",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 82
    },
    "announcedDate": "2019",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019-10",
        "note": "Facility in operation at former steel mill boiler house",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/82_River_North",
        "label": "82 River North — Global Energy Monitor",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/sangha-renewables-hennepin-il",
        "label": "Sangha Renewables: Hennepin, IL Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pantagraph.com/business/from-bitcoins-to-atms-illinois-is-positioning-itself-as-a-center-for-the-cryptocurrency-industry/article_3415fc2f-2e64-578e-b660-d07b9fa45269.html",
        "label": "Illinois positioning itself as a center for the cryptocurrency industry",
        "publisher": "The Pantagraph",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sangha-systems-signs-a-letter-of-intent-with-aep-onsite-partners-to-bring-the-first-behind-the-meter-solar-development-to-a-cryptocurrency-mining-campus-in-north-america-will-use-sunified-sensors-301305259.html",
        "label": "Sangha Systems signs LOI with AEP OnSite Partners for behind-the-meter solar",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "One of the Midwest's larger bitcoin mining sites, housed in a former boiler house at the Hennepin steel mill; 82 MW substation available.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "82 MW substation at the former Hennepin (LTV) steel mill; 2–5 MW behind-the-meter solar array planned via an AEP OnSite Partners LOI (2021). Historical draw reported ~7 MW."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sansone-wixom-road-mi",
    "name": "Wixom Road Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Wixom Industrial One / Sansone Group",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.518432572023,
      "lon": -83.537488801805,
      "city": "Wixom",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "30625 S. Wixom Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Wixom enacted a six-month data-center moratorium running through August 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "City council unanimously voted down the developer's application to lift the moratorium early; a separate ordinance setting future data-center rules was postponed.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/michigan-officials-keep-data-center-083400338.html",
        "label": "Michigan officials keep data center moratorium, call developer's request unreasonable",
        "publisher": "Detroit Free Press (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://civicmedia.us/news/2026/07/20/michigan-data-centers-the-weekly-download-2",
        "label": "Michigan Data Centers: The Weekly Download",
        "publisher": "Civic Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Three-building complex, each building stated at more than 200,000 sq ft for a total of more than 519,000 sq ft, on vacant light-industrial land. Status is 'proposed' and remains blocked by the municipal moratorium — no site-plan or rezoning approval is recorded. Capacity: NO megawatt figure is stated in either source; capacityMw is therefore omitted rather than inferred from square footage. Water use is not quantified in the sources. Investment figure not stated. The source notes the site sits near a DTE Energy transmission line with natural gas service available, but no interconnection or generation arrangement is described, so energy is left unset. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder for the street address named in the source; parcel boundary not confirmed.",
    "landAcres": 55,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "City council unanimously rejected the developer's request to lift a data-center moratorium early, calling it 'unreasonable as it relates to the potential health, safety, and welfare impacts in the city.' The source reports that during roughly 90 minutes of public comment no speaker expressed support, with concerns centred on proximity to schools, day cares and homes. Developer Dennis Griffin said data centers were being treated 'very, very unfairly.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sansone-york-township-washtenaw-mi",
    "name": "York Township Data Center (Platt Road / former Toyota land)",
    "operator": "Sansone Group",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1276226,
      "lon": -83.7163675,
      "city": "York Township",
      "county": "Washtenaw",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-04-30",
        "note": "Sansone Group pulled out of its agreement to buy roughly 412 acres from Toyota along Platt Road after York Township refused to amend an existing development agreement that prohibits a data center on the site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wemu.org/wemu-news/2026-04-30/land-purchase-for-planned-data-center-in-york-township-falls-through",
        "label": "Land purchase for planned data center in York Township falls through",
        "publisher": "WEMU-FM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=York%20Charter%20Township%2C%20Washtenaw%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for York Charter Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan (township-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Distinct from the tracked Sansone/Wixom Industrial One site on Wixom Road in Oakland County — this is a separate Washtenaw County parcel off Platt Road that Sansone pursued from Toyota. Coordinates are a township-level geocode.",
    "landAcres": 412,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "santee-cooper-pinopolis-bess-berkeley-county-sc",
    "name": "Pinopolis Reliability Project (Jefferies Generating Station Battery Storage)",
    "operator": "Santee Cooper",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1960027,
      "lon": -80.0131374,
      "city": "Moncks Corner",
      "county": "Berkeley",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://newsroom.santeecooper.com/news/Santee-Cooper-Board-Approves-Key-Projects-To-Meet-Future-Electric-Demands/",
        "label": "Santee Cooper Board Approves Key Projects To Meet Future Electric Demands",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santeecooper.com/community/generation-projects/",
        "label": "Generation Projects",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Board-approved 2025-10-24 as part of the same generation-projects package as Canadys Station, the Winyah combustion turbines, and the Rainey Station expansion. Planned in-service December 2027. No named compute offtaker appears in the board materials — the package is described as meeting future electric demand generally — so `generation.offtaker` is deliberately left unset rather than inferred from the fact that data-center load is driving that demand.",
    "investmentUsd": 71000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "300 MW / 1,200 MWh battery energy storage system sited at the Jefferies Generating Station. Santee Cooper describes it as the largest battery storage installation in South Carolina and one of the largest in the South."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "santee-cooper-rainey-expansion-anderson-county-sc",
    "name": "Rainey Generating Station Expansion (Santee Cooper)",
    "operator": "Santee Cooper",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.5258335,
      "lon": -82.652962,
      "county": "Anderson",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://newsroom.santeecooper.com/news/Santee-Cooper-Board-Approves-Key-Projects-To-Meet-Future-Electric-Demands/",
        "label": "Santee Cooper Board Approves Key Projects To Meet Future Electric Demands",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santeecooper.com/community/generation-projects/",
        "label": "Generation Projects",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Part of the same board-approved generation package as Canadys Station, the Winyah combustion turbines, and the Pinopolis/Jefferies battery project. Distinct from Duke Energy's separate, unrelated Anderson Plant gas project (also in Anderson County — see duke-anderson-plant-anderson-county-sc). No named compute offtaker appears in the board materials — the package is described as meeting future electric demand generally — so `generation.offtaker` is deliberately left unset rather than inferred from the fact that data-center load is driving that demand.",
    "investmentUsd": 201000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle conversion adding 250 MW via waste-heat recovery from two existing simple-cycle combustion turbines at Rainey Generating Station. Project was already underway and was reconfirmed by Santee Cooper's board on 2025-10-24."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "santee-cooper-winyah-cts-georgetown-county-sc",
    "name": "Winyah Generating Station Combustion Turbines (Santee Cooper)",
    "operator": "Santee Cooper",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4392245,
      "lon": -79.3343041,
      "county": "Georgetown",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://newsroom.santeecooper.com/news/Santee-Cooper-Board-Approves-Key-Projects-To-Meet-Future-Electric-Demands/",
        "label": "Santee Cooper Board Approves Key Projects To Meet Future Electric Demands",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santeecooper.com/community/generation-projects/",
        "label": "Generation Projects",
        "publisher": "Santee Cooper",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Board-approved 2025-10-24 as part of a package of generation projects (alongside Canadys Station, the Pinopolis/Jefferies battery project, and the Rainey Station expansion) that Santee Cooper's board described as needed to meet future electric demand. No named compute offtaker appears in the board materials — the package is described as meeting future electric demand generally — so `generation.offtaker` is deliberately left unset rather than inferred from the fact that data-center load is driving that demand.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Dual-fuel simple-cycle combustion turbines capable of running on natural gas or fuel oil. Santee Cooper's board-approval release (2025-10-24) described this as two units of 40-60 MW each (80-120 MW total) at an expected construction cost of $293 million; the utility's own generation-projects listing page gives a headline figure of 100 MW. Planned in-service for the 2027-2028 winter season."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "saxum-forest-avenue-jackson-ms",
    "name": "Saxum Forest Avenue Data Center Site (Northwest Jackson)",
    "operator": "Saxum Investment Company (end user undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.3705052,
      "lon": -90.1998927,
      "city": "Jackson",
      "county": "Hinds",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-20",
        "note": "New Jersey-based Saxum applied to rezone roughly 190 acres along Forest Avenue from residential/commercial/light-industrial to I-2 Industrial to attract a data center; the request was later amended upward to 230 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/05/20/company-seeking-rezone-forest-avenue-property-jackson-data-center/",
        "label": "Company seeking to rezone Forest Avenue property for Jackson data center",
        "publisher": "WLBT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/jackson-data-center-proposal-expands-to-230-acres-amid-mounting-local-opposition/",
        "label": "Jackson Data Center Proposal Expands to 230 Acres Amid Local Opposition",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Site is along Forest Avenue / Forest Avenue Extension between Medgar Evers Boulevard and I-220 in Northwest Jackson; current owners named in the WLBT report are Gusta F. LLC and WMIW LLC. Attorney Robert Ireland represented an unnamed 'company' and no end user, capacity or investment figure was disclosed, so those fields are omitted. This is a distinct site from the tracked Prado AI / PraCon Global campus (prado-ai-jackson-metro-ms), which is a different developer on a different parcel in the Jackson metro. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of Forest Avenue in Northwest Jackson, not a parcel footprint.",
    "landAcres": 230,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Residents of the Ashley Acres neighborhood chanted 'No data center' at the May 27, 2026 planning meeting; organizers cited Jackson's drinking-water and infrastructure problems, and an adjacent organic farmer said he was 'very worried about the impact to my organic, regenerative-based farm.' The rezoning hearing was postponed and the city began considering a six-month moratorium on data center approvals.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "scalematrix-san-diego-ca",
    "name": "ScaleMatrix San Diego",
    "operator": "ScaleMatrix",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8377287,
      "lon": -117.132639,
      "city": "San Diego",
      "county": "San Diego",
      "street": "5775 Kearny Villa Road",
      "postalCode": "92123",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 20,
      "operational": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.scalematrix.com/san-diego-data-center.html",
        "label": "ScaleMatrix San Diego data center",
        "publisher": "ScaleMatrix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.scalematrix.com/press/scalematrix-announces-gpu-service-solution-ideal-hpc-deepmachine-learning-and-artificial.html",
        "label": "ScaleMatrix announces GPU-as-a-Service solution ideal for HPC, deep/machine learning, and AI workloads",
        "publisher": "ScaleMatrix",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsItems/11-14-2018/scalematrix-data-center-san-diego-california.shtml",
        "label": "ScaleMatrix / HPE Hybrid HPC Center of Excellence sited at San Diego headquarters",
        "publisher": "Area Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opengovwa.com/corporation/604264407",
        "label": "Scalematrix Management, LLC - business entity filing (5775 Kearny Villa Rd address)",
        "publisher": "Washington State Corporations Registry",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/scalematrix-nearly-doubles-size-of-san-diego-data-center/",
        "label": "ScaleMatrix nearly doubles size of San Diego data center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "ScaleMatrix's own site discloses '5MW aggregate availability; 20MW+ utility upgrade capacity' - the widely-repeated flat '20MW' figure on aggregator sites is the future upgrade ceiling, not installed/operational capacity; cross-validated by an independent SDG&E-sourced interconnection record showing <10MW. A May 2026 expansion added 46,000 sq ft to the ~50,000 sq ft Kearny Mesa campus (~96,000 sq ft total) - this 'doubling' is square footage, not MW capacity. aiClassification set to 'likely': ScaleMatrix markets GPU-as-a-Service explicitly for HPC/deep learning/AI workloads, and this San Diego site is confirmed as the location of a ScaleMatrix/HPE 'Hybrid HPC Center of Excellence.' Address confirmed via a Washington-state LLC filing and parcel records; this is the company's headquarters campus, operating since approximately 2011-2012 in the Kearny Mesa neighborhood of the City of San Diego.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "scannell-monticello-tech-park-mn",
    "name": "Scannell Properties Monticello Tech Park",
    "operator": "Scannell Properties LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.2914854,
      "lon": -93.8499172,
      "city": "Monticello",
      "county": "Wright",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/two-data-center-proposals-on-the-table-in-monticello/article_502daa86-6ea3-4728-a1f5-88ac70cbc7f7.html",
        "label": "Two data center proposals on the table in Monticello",
        "publisher": "Monticello Times / Hometown Source",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Located between the Otter Creek industrial park and 90th Street NW, adjacent to Bertram Chain of Lakes Regional Park. Roughly four buildings totaling ~1.3M sq ft (~320,000 sq ft each). Comprehensive Plan amendment approved May 2026; annexation petitions not yet filed as of the source date; investment amount not disclosed.",
    "landAcres": 106,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "scipio-technologies-huntsville-al",
    "name": "Scipio Technologies Huntsville Data Center",
    "operator": "Scipio Technologies",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.699841,
      "lon": -86.593493,
      "city": "Huntsville",
      "county": "Madison",
      "street": "2104 West Ferry Way",
      "postalCode": "35801",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-15",
        "note": "PeeringDB carries the facility as an active record (last updated July 22, 2026) and Scipio Technologies lists the West Ferry Way site among its offices offering colocation services.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac/14178",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 14178 - Peace Communications HSV1, 2104 West Ferry Way, Huntsville AL",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://scipiotech.com/location/",
        "label": "Scipio Technologies - Locations",
        "publisher": "Scipio Technologies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Small carrier colocation facility. The PeeringDB record still carries the organisation as Peace Communications (facility name \"Peace Communications HSV1\"); the company now trades as Scipio Technologies, which lists the same 2104 West Ferry Way address among its four offices and offers colocation there, so the current trading name is used as the operator. Power capacity and square footage are not published by the operator. Coordinate is the PeeringDB-reported point, which reverse-geocodes to the immediate vicinity rather than exactly onto the stated street, hence approximate.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "scott-data-center-omaha-ne",
    "name": "Scott Data Center",
    "operator": "Scott Data",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.2406,
      "lon": -96.0093,
      "city": "Omaha",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "6825 Pine Street",
      "postalCode": "68106",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.scottdatacenter.com/data-center/",
        "label": "Scott Data — Colocation Built for Confidence; '6825 Pine Street, Suite 141 Omaha, NE 68106'; Tier III design, Energy Star, AICPA SOC, NIST alignment; supports '60+ kW cabinets' and 'kilowatts to multi-megawatt deployments'; 'a nonprofit data center founded by Walter Scott Jr.'",
        "publisher": "Scott Data",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Tier III colocation facility on the Scott Technology Campus in Omaha (Douglas County), adjacent to the University of Nebraska at Omaha's Peter Kiewit Institute. Unusual ownership for the dataset: Scott Data describes itself as a NONPROFIT data center founded by Walter Scott Jr. Certified/aligned to Tier III design, Energy Star, AICPA SOC and NIST; supports 60+ kW cabinets and deployments from kilowatts to multi-megawatt — the high-density-cabinet capability is the only AI-relevant signal published. capacityMw and square footage are deliberately OMITTED: the widely repeated '110,000 sq ft' and '20 MW central plant' figures come from colocation directories that were NOT fetched this session, and the operator's own page publishes neither. ADDRESS DISCREPANCY left visible: the operator's own site gives 6825 Pine Street while third-party directories list 6805 Pine Street — the operator's figure is used and the conflict noted rather than silently reconciled. Coordinates are an approximation of the Peter Kiewit Institute / Scott Technology Campus area, not a parcel geocode. confidence is 'reported' — single source.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Redundant power and cooling systems; supports 60+ kW cabinets. No site MW figure published by the operator."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "security-land-woodlawn-baltimore-county-md",
    "name": "1500 Woodlawn Drive Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Security Land and Development LP",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3196,
      "lon": -76.7448,
      "city": "Woodlawn",
      "county": "Baltimore",
      "street": "1500 Woodlawn Drive",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Community neighborhood meeting held on the proposal; razing permit applications filed April and June 2025. No development plan submitted as of mid-2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/woodlawn-data-center-baltimore-md-maryland-data-center-series-pt-2/",
        "label": "Woodlawn Data Center, Baltimore, MD: Maryland Data Center Series Pt. 2",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/data-centers-energy-woodlawn-baltimore-county-maryland",
        "label": "New data center could be coming to Woodlawn area in Baltimore County",
        "publisher": "FOX45 Baltimore",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Redevelopment of the 42-acre former Social Security Administration headquarters campus in Woodlawn, plus an adjacent Rodeway Inn parcel. Construction had been targeted for June/July 2026 before Baltimore County's permit moratorium. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status confirmed PROPOSED, no change -- consistent with 'no development plan submitted as of mid-2026' already in the record. Baltimore County's yearlong data-center permit moratorium (in effect since mid-2026) is set to end January 2027, which is why the June/July 2026 construction target slipped. No new investmentUsd, water, aiClassification, or subsidies figures found this run.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Baltimore Gas and Electric",
      "notes": "Proposal includes donating 5 acres to BGE for a new electrical substation; grid connection infrastructure is still required."
    },
    "landAcres": 42,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents raised concerns about water use, home values and utility bills at a December 2025 neighborhood meeting. Baltimore County enacted a one-year data center permit moratorium in January 2026 and Bill 3-26 requires public hearings and disclosure of cooling technology.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "segra-charlotte-international-airport-drive-nc",
    "name": "Segra Charlotte Data Center (International Airport Drive)",
    "operator": "Segra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.22722,
      "lon": -80.84306,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "street": "3100 International Airport Drive",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-29",
        "note": "Listed as an operating Segra colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/segra",
        "label": "Segra Data Centers (facility list, incl. Charlotte at 3100 and 3101 International Airport Drive)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Segra lists two adjacent Charlotte addresses — 3100 and 3101 International Airport Drive — recorded here as one campus to avoid emitting a duplicate. Single directory source; no capacity or footprint figures were available.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "segra-raleigh-garner-station-data-center-nc",
    "name": "Segra Raleigh Data Center (Garner Station Boulevard)",
    "operator": "Segra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.85417,
      "lon": -78.76194,
      "city": "Raleigh",
      "county": "Wake",
      "street": "2100 Garner Station Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "27603",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-29",
        "note": "Listed as an operating Segra colocation facility; opened 2013 under NorthState.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/segra",
        "label": "Segra Data Centers (facility list, incl. Raleigh, 2100 Garner Station Boulevard)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/colocation-provider/northstate/",
        "label": "NorthState Data Center Locations (Raleigh Data Center, 2100 Garner Station Blvd, opened 2013)",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Formerly a NorthState facility; now listed under Segra. No megawatt figure appeared in the sources read, so capacity is omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "segra-winston-salem-data-center-nc",
    "name": "Segra Winston-Salem Data Center",
    "operator": "Segra",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.10278,
      "lon": -80.26083,
      "city": "Winston-Salem",
      "county": "Forsyth",
      "street": "3310 Old Lexington Road",
      "postalCode": "27107",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-29",
        "note": "Listed as fully operational colocation space.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/segra-winston-salem",
        "label": "Segra: Winston-Salem Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/colocation-provider/northstate/",
        "label": "NorthState Data Center Locations (Salem Data Center, 3310 Old Lexington Road)",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Built 2002 as DataChambers; acquired by North State Communications and now operated under the Segra brand. Directory listings disagree on capacity (about 3.5 MW versus 8 MW) and on building size (about 120,000–140,000 sq ft with roughly 26,000–27,000 sq ft of raised floor), so no capacity figure is asserted here.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "seguro-project-bella-casa-grande-az",
    "name": "Project Bella (Cazador del Sol / Atrapa Soles)",
    "operator": "Seguro Energy Partners",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.836,
      "lon": -111.877,
      "city": "Casa Grande",
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 480
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-08-06",
        "note": "Pinal County Board of Supervisors voted 5-0 to rezone 351.8 acres and apply a Planned Area Development overlay.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://pinalpost.com/pinal-county-board-approves-project-bella-natural-gas-and-battery-storage-facility-south-of-casa-grande/",
        "label": "Pinal County Board Approves Project Bella Natural Gas and Battery Storage Facility South of Casa Grande",
        "publisher": "Pinal Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.projectbellaarizona.com/",
        "label": "Project Bella Arizona — developer project site",
        "publisher": "Project Bella",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.pinal.gov/1611/Project-Bella-Holdings-LLC",
        "label": "Project Bella Holdings, LLC — Pinal County Air Quality permit record (Bella Energy Facility, Permit V20700.A02)",
        "publisher": "Pinal County, Arizona",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Pinal County's air-quality permit record gives the facility address as the NE corner of West Cornman Road and South Midway Road, Casa Grande. Commercial operation is targeted for spring 2028 (Pinal Post) or late 2028 / early 2029 (developer site). Reported local commitments: $2.3M seed plus $250K/yr for fire services, a $4.1M community foundation fund over 10 years, and an estimated $167M in tax revenue over 25 years — recorded here in notes rather than as subsidies, since they are payments by the developer, not public money to it. Coordinates derived from the cited Cornman Road / Midway Road intersection using OpenStreetMap road alignments; approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Pinal Post reports projected water use of 205-320 acre-feet annually, against roughly 466 acre-feet for the site's current agricultural use. The developer's site describes liquid-cooled battery cabinets; no thermal cooling method for the turbines is stated, so coolingType is left unset."
    },
    "landAcres": 351.8,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 14,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 10,
      "notes": "Ten GE LM6000 natural gas turbines (Cazador del Sol) rated 480 MW, reported by the developer as 480-520 MW, plus a separate 440 MW battery energy storage system (Atrapa Soles) that is not counted in capacityMw. Intended to run as a peaker; the site already carries a 500 kV line, a 230 kV line and a natural gas pipeline."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "seminoe-generating-station-carbon-county-wy",
    "name": "Seminoe Generating Station",
    "operator": "Power Company of Wyoming",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.65,
      "lon": -107.2,
      "county": "Carbon",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01-07",
        "note": "Preliminary project overview presented to the Carbon County Board of Commissioners.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/01/08/seminoe-plant-aims-to-cut-water-use-and-emissions-in-carbon-county/",
        "label": "Proposed Seminoe Power Plant Aims To Cut Water Use 95% And Slash Emissions",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powercompanyofwyoming.com/gas-generation/index.shtml",
        "label": "About the Miller Generating Station",
        "publisher": "Power Company of Wyoming LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Located on the Anschutz-owned Overland Trail Ranch in Carbon County, south of Rawlins and Sinclair. Development began in 2017 and was shelved until market conditions improved. Wyoming reporting separately describes Anschutz Corporation subsidiaries planning roughly 3,200 MW of gas and 1,000 MW of solar in southern Wyoming partly to serve data-center load, but the cited source names no offtaker for this station, so none is recorded. Coordinates are an approximate placement on the ranch from the described location.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Approximately 2,000 MW of natural gas-fired generation using turbines the developer describes as designed for fuel efficiency, operational flexibility and reduced emissions. The plant is stated to be hydrogen-capable and carbon-capture-ready, with on-site carbon capture and storage under exploration. The developer now presents the project as the Miller Generating Station, developed by SPC LLC, a Power Company of Wyoming affiliate, on private land south of Sinclair, co-located with existing and under-construction power infrastructure, Interstate 80 and the Union Pacific main line."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Dry cooling using air rather than water, described as reducing water consumption by up to 95%; about 320 acre-feet per year, sourced from the Platte River."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 350,
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Simple- and combined-cycle natural gas generation station on the Overland Trail Ranch, combined with wind power. Selective catalytic reduction to cut nitrous oxide emissions by about 90%. Scheduled to come online with the TransWest Express transmission line in 2029 or 2030."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "senawave-salt-lake-city-ut",
    "name": "Senawave Salt Lake City",
    "operator": "Senawave",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.71216,
      "lon": -111.964329,
      "city": "West Valley City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/3047-parkway-boulevard-west-valley-city/senawave/datacenter/salt-lake-city",
        "label": "Senawave Salt Lake City — building listing (3047 Parkway Boulevard, West Valley City, UT 84119); used to establish the street address, which the US Census Geocoder places inside the West Valley City incorporated boundary (GEOID 4983470)",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvc-ut.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/3376",
        "label": "West Valley City Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget — project-area tax-increment ledger; Decker Lake shows $0 increment from FY2020-21 onward",
        "publisher": "West Valley City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. West Valley City's Redevelopment Agency reports tax-increment activity only in aggregate by project area (Fund 22 adopted budget; ACFR FY2024-2025 Note 15, per Utah Code 17C-1-605(1)) — no per-recipient breakout in either document, and no filing names Senawave. The nearest named project area, Decker Lake, shows $0 tax increment collected in every year since FY2020-21 and does not appear in the current ACFR disclosure at all, so no RDA subsidy is currently active in that area regardless of parcel boundaries. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sentinel-east-whiteland-chester-county-pa",
    "name": "Sentinel East Whiteland Data Center",
    "operator": "Sentinel Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.041,
      "lon": -75.545,
      "city": "East Whiteland Township",
      "county": "Chester",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — PECO",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Construction has begun. Earth-moving work (dirt movement and digging under an erosion and sedimentation control permit) started at the East Whiteland site, was halted by a township stop-work order earlier in July 2026 while officials reviewed soil and health safety plans for the former Cyprus Foote Mineral Superfund site, and resumed on Wednesday, July 30, 2026 under a permit carrying conditions on soil monitoring, dust control and protection of the Superfund remedy. Stormwater management work is also under way in adjacent West Whiteland. Further permits are still needed for concrete and foundations, and the developers' request to shrink the building program from 1.5 million to 536,000 sq ft was tabled to an August 19, 2026 meeting.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/news/data-centers/sentinel-data-centers-announces-300-mw-sentinel-east-whiteland-data-center-in-pa-20260417",
        "label": "Sentinel Data Centers announces 300 MW Sentinel East Whiteland Data Center in PA",
        "publisher": "CleanView",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-judge-denial-challenges-20260611.html",
        "label": "Judge denies challenges to East Whiteland data center expansion",
        "publisher": "Philadelphia Inquirer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-project-20260730.html",
        "label": "East Whiteland officials allow work to resume on data center planned for Superfund site",
        "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.suburbanrealtorsalliance.com/news/2026/07/31/chester-county/data-center-construction-starts-then-stops-at-superfund-site-in-east-whiteland/",
        "label": "Data center construction starts - then stops - at Superfund site in East Whiteland",
        "publisher": "Suburban Realtors Alliance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Site: 13 S. Bacton Hill Rd, former Foote Mineral Superfund site. Coordinates are approximate for the township.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "PECO"
    },
    "landAcres": 100,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Original 2018/2024 zoning and final-plan approvals are being challenged; a court called one challenge 'frivolous' (June 2026). An amended expansion plan seeks up to 1.6M sq ft / 100-600MW (a range, not a confirmed single figure)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "sentinel-grove-technology-park-fort-pierce-fl",
    "name": "Sentinel Grove Technology Park (Project Jarvis)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed developer (marketed as 'Sentinel Grove Technology Park', county code-named 'Project Jarvis')",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.4552,
      "lon": -80.559,
      "city": "Fort Pierce",
      "county": "St. Lucie",
      "street": "Minute Maid Road",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wptv.com/wptv-investigates/scrapped-developer-of-st-lucie-county-data-center-project-may-withdraw-plan-amid-new-ai-legislation",
        "label": "SCRAPPED? Developer of St. Lucie County data center project may withdraw plan amid new AI legislation",
        "publisher": "WPTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://floridadatacenters.org/st-lucie-county",
        "label": "St. Lucie County Data Centers — Sentinel Grove, Project Jarvis, Atlas Compute",
        "publisher": "FloridaDataCenters.org",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.floridapsc.com/pscfiles/library/filings/2025/15001-2025/15001-2025.pdf",
        "label": "Florida Energy for Innovation Association's Post-Hearing Brief, Docket No. 20250011-EI (Document No. 15001-2025)",
        "publisher": "Florida Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Minute+Maid+Road%2C+Saint+Lucie+County%2C+Florida&format=json",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of the roads the sources name (Minute Maid Road, Orange Avenue/SR 68, West Midway Road, Saint Lucie County FL); the Minute Maid Rd/Orange Ave intersection node and the West Midway Rd/I-95 crossing longitude were then read from OpenStreetMap way geometry via the Overpass API",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed 15-million-sq-ft, 1,218-acre campus on former citrus land east of Minute Maid Road near Orange Avenue (SR 68), Fort Pierce. St. Lucie's Planning and Zoning Commission voted 4-2 against recommending approval in late 2025; the applicant voluntarily withdrew the application on February 26, 2026, which a county commissioner attributed to anticipation of state AI/data-center legislation then advancing in Tallahassee (enacted as SB 484, effective July 1, 2026). Developer identity was not publicly disclosed in either source consulted this run. Coordinates corrected 2026-09-10: an earlier draft of this record and of willow-lakes-west-midway-fort-pierce-fl shared one pin (27.4467, -80.3256) that matched neither described parcel. This pin is derived by geocoding the landmarks the sources name — OpenStreetMap places the Minute Maid Road / Orange Avenue (SR 68) intersection at 27.44805, -80.55996, and the county description puts the site on the east side of Minute Maid Road about 2,600 ft north of that intersection, south and east of the SFWMD C-25 Canal; hence precision 'approximate' rather than a confirmed parcel. On the $13.5bn figure: the applicant's notice described it as an initial capital commitment for the FIRST 1,000 MW of capacity, not the cost of the full 15-million-sq-ft buildout. It is independently corroborated in sworn testimony before the Florida PSC, where FEIA's expert economist Dr. Fletcher Mangum projected that 'a single 1000 MW hyperscale data center campus in St. Lucie County would be expected to deliver: (i) $13.5 billion in total private capital investment over course of development' (Tr. 3423-24). Note that PSC figure is the output of an economic-impact model for a generic 1,000 MW St. Lucie campus, so it corroborates the magnitude rather than constituting an independent measurement of this project.",
    "investmentUsd": 13500000000,
    "landAcres": 1218,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sentinel-jay-me",
    "name": "Sentinel Data Centers Androscoggin Mill Campus, Jay",
    "operator": "Sentinel Data Centers",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.5024,
      "lon": -70.2175,
      "city": "Jay",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "ME",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 82
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site solar (up to 150MW), Central Maine Power (up to 25MW backup), on-site hydro approved",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "JGT2 Redevelopment proposes $550M Sentinel Data Centers colocation campus at former Androscoggin Mill (closed 2023 after digester explosion, property purchased December 2023)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Jay Select Board votes 4-0 to support project and prepare letter of support; town meeting warrant approved; Maine Legislature sustains Gov. Mills' veto of moratorium bill LD 307; remediation and demolition underway",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Sentinel Data Centers notifies JGT2 Redevelopment of intent not to move forward; planned July 2026 groundbreaking cancelled; project on hold indefinitely; JGT2 pursuing other operators",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Sentinel Data Centers withdrew from the Androscoggin Mill project and halted work in June 2026 (after Gov. Mills vetoed a statewide 20MW+ data-center moratorium that had been intended to protect it). Per the JGT2 mill-redevelopment team, the site itself is 'not dead' — the 82MW (expandable) power infrastructure and rail access remain, and JGT2 is seeking a new data-center operator or industrial tenant.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://themainemonitor.org/jay-backs-data-center-plan/",
        "label": "Jay Approves Town Meeting Warrant, Backs Data Center Plan",
        "publisher": "The Maine Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/tech/science/environment/jay-select-board-approves-town-meeting-warrant-backs-data-center-plan/97-72e12bda-75de-43fe-99ea-a58f7471ee39",
        "label": "Jay Select Board Approves Town Meeting Warrant, Backs Data Center Plan",
        "publisher": "News Center Maine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bangordailynews.com/2026/06/12/central-maine/central-maine-business/jay-data-center-on-hold/",
        "label": "Plan for $550M data center in Jay on hold, official says",
        "publisher": "Bangor Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bangordailynews.com/2026/07/06/politics/jay-data-center-developer-cover-janet-mills-veto-emails-show",
        "label": "Jay data center developer was cover for Mills veto, emails show",
        "publisher": "Bangor Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://siteselection.com/maine-shutdown-2-0-mill-redevelopment-project-stymied-by-data-center-resistance",
        "label": "Maine Shutdown 2.0: mill redevelopment project stymied by data center resistance",
        "publisher": "Site Selection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-06",
    "notes": "Sentinel Data Centers LLC is headquartered in New York City. JGT2 Redevelopment purchased the former Pixelle Specialty Solutions mill in December 2023. ~425,000 sq ft of obsolete mill buildings demolished; paper machines shipped to Pakistan. In June 2026 Sentinel notified JGT2 of intent not to move forward; no permits were issued and no groundbreaking was held. JGT2 is seeking other operators for the site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Central Maine Power",
      "notes": "On-site solar generates up to 150MW; facility draws no more than 25MW from grid on cloudy days. Maine PUC approved use of on-site hydroelectric power. Cooling system proposed ~300,000 gal/day of Androscoggin River water (less than 1% of former mill usage)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.3,
      "notes": "Closed-loop system; ~300,000 gallons/day from Androscoggin River to replace evaporation, compared to 35-40 million gallons/day used by former paper mill."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 550000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 900,
      "permanent": 137,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Jay Select Board voted 4-0 to support project; town and RSU 73 school board support expanded tax base. No public opposition recorded at local approval votes. Legislative battle over moratorium resolved in project's favor after Gov. Mills vetoed LD 307 and veto was sustained June 2026. Sentinel Data Centers notified JGT2 in June 2026 of intent not to move forward; project placed on hold indefinitely pending other operators.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "sentinum-bni-montana-richland-mt",
    "name": "Sentinum BNI Montana Bitcoin Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Sentinum (Hyperscale Data)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.716735,
      "lon": -104.155973,
      "city": "Sidney",
      "county": "Richland",
      "state": "MT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 125,
      "operational": 10
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-02",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240508846020/en/Ault-Alliance%E2%80%99s-Subsidiary-Sentinum-Completes-Initial-Bitcoin-Mining-Installation-at-Montana-Location",
        "label": "Sentinum Completes Initial Bitcoin Mining Installation at Montana Location",
        "publisher": "Business Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sentinum-breaks-ground-on-20mw-cryptomine-data-center-in-montana/",
        "label": "Sentinum breaks ground on 20MW cryptomine data center in Montana",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://contracts.justia.com/companies/dpw-holdings-inc-7638/contract/1302092/",
        "label": "Novation Agreement among TypeX LLC, BNI Montana LLC, and Lower Yellowstone REC",
        "publisher": "Justia (SEC contract exhibit)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperscale-data-announces-intent-to-sell-land-leases-and-power-contracts-of-its-montana-data-properties-to-focus-on-michigan-flagship-campus-302553520.html",
        "label": "Hyperscale Data Announces Intent to Sell Montana Data Properties (Sept 2025)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperscale-data-receives-utility-will-serve-determination-for-approximately-125-additional-megawatts-at-one-of-its-montana-sites-302809728.html",
        "label": "Hyperscale Data Receives Utility Will Serve Determination for ~125 Additional MW (June 2026)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "BNI Montana LLC acquired two land-lease/power-purchase agreements in Richland County in Feb 2023 (served by Lower Yellowstone Rural Electric Cooperative); broke ground Aug 2023; one site fully built to 10MW and mining bitcoin since early-to-mid 2024 (miners relocated in from the company's Michigan facility). In Sept 2025 the company announced intent to sell/divest the Montana properties to focus on its Michigan AI campus, but a June 2026 press release (utility 'will serve' for ~125 additional MW at one Montana site) frames Montana as part of the company's 'long-term strategy' with no mention of the prior sale plan -- treat the divestiture announcement as apparently superseded/reversed, current operator confirmed as of June 2026. A second Montana site (~15 miles from the first, ~10MW potential) is leased but not yet built out -- see 'held'.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sequitor-edge-kearney-ne",
    "name": "Sequitor Edge Kearney Data Center",
    "operator": "Sequitor Edge",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.6994,
      "lon": -99.0817,
      "city": "Kearney",
      "county": "Buffalo",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-19",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-09-19",
        "note": "Kearney approved the sale of approximately 16 acres in TechONE Crossing to Shamrock Data LLC for the Sequitor Edge data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://sequitoredge.com/press/approved-site-for-next-generation-data-center-in-kearney-nebraska/",
        "label": "Approved Site For Next Generation Data Center in Kearney Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Sequitor Edge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://metro.newschannelnebraska.com/story/53099125/kearney-secures-new-data-center-after-citys-deal-with-sequitor-edge",
        "label": "Kearney secures new data center after city's deal with Sequitor Edge",
        "publisher": "News Channel Nebraska",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "Shamrock Data LLC is developing an approximately 40,000 sq ft facility on roughly 16 acres inside Kearney's TechONE Crossing tech park for Sequitor Edge; facility design by Morrissey Engineering (Omaha). Developer targets operation in early 2027. Distinct from the former Compute North / MARA crypto-mining site elsewhere in the same tech park.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Nebraska Public Power District",
      "notes": "Developer states the site is \"strategically placed near NPPD's energy infrastructure and will take advantage of its proximity to fiber optic cabling.\""
    },
    "landAcres": 16,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sequitor-edge-rapid-city-sd",
    "name": "Sequitor Edge Rapid City",
    "operator": "Sequitor Edge",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.0222987,
      "lon": -103.1914102,
      "city": "Rapid City",
      "county": "Pennington",
      "street": "S Highway 79, Black Hills Industrial Center",
      "state": "SD",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/sequitor-edge-rapid-city-south-dakota",
        "label": "Sequitor Edge: Rapid City, South Dakota Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kotatv.com/2026/07/02/south-dakota-drought-strains-power-grid-rapid-city-data-center-moves-forward/",
        "label": "South Dakota drought strains power grid as Rapid City data center moves forward",
        "publisher": "KOTA TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Capacity is disputed between the two sources fetched this run and is deliberately omitted from capacityMw rather than guessed: Baxtel states an initial 2MW phase scaling to 10MW; KOTA TV separately reports 15MW for the same project (also citing a 1.3 PUE design target vs. an industry average of 1.8-2.0). Tier 3 edge computing facility, greenfield, an initial ~30,000 sq ft building on a 1-acre footprint within a 10-acre site, expandable to five data halls across 7 acres. Construction was reported (both sources) to begin late summer 2026 with a roughly 14-month build targeting a 2027 opening; no source checked this run (2026-09-13) confirms construction has actually started. Coordinate is an OSM Nominatim road-level geocode of S Highway 79, Rapid City -- not a confirmed parcel.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy",
      "notes": "Reported to require no new grid infrastructure for the initial phase."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling system with a one-time water fill of approximately 19,000 gallons (Baxtel, fetched 2026-09-13)."
    },
    "landAcres": 10,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "serverfarm-ch1-chicago-il",
    "name": "Serverfarm CH1",
    "operator": "Serverfarm",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.8717114,
      "lon": -87.6392312,
      "city": "Chicago",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "840 South Canal Street",
      "postalCode": "60607",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 21.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Marketed as a fully modernised, live colocation environment on Serverfarm's own site page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.serverfarmllc.com/chicago-data-center/",
        "label": "Serverfarm CH1 Chicago data center",
        "publisher": "Serverfarm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (Serverfarm LLC dba SF CH1, LLC, Chicago, 2023 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "443,000 sq ft eight-storey building with 130,000 sq ft of data halls; 32MW utility power and 21.5MW IT power per the operator. Subsidy value is the state's estimated tax benefit (6.25% of a $285,000,000 investment commitment), not cash received. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 17812500,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2023",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "serverfarm-clarksville-ar",
    "name": "Serverfarm ARK Clarksville Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Serverfarm",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4673307,
      "lon": -93.4405664,
      "city": "Clarksville",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 432
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Serverfarm affiliate SF ARK1 LLC acquired two parcels totaling 135 acres just north of Clarksville's water treatment plant on Palmer Road; land was rezoned from rural to industrial. Five buildings in three phases were then planned, with the tenant company undisclosed.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reported construction underway on a 463-acre campus near Johnson Regional Medical Center, with an initial phase of four buildings each drawing about 108 MW; Serverfarm's own site says it plans to complete the first two buildings by January 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/aug/12/clarksvilles-data-center-plan-includes-40-natural/",
        "label": "Clarksville's data center plan includes 40 natural gas turbines",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.serverfarmllc.com/arkansas/",
        "label": "ARK - Clarksville Arkansas Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Serverfarm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2025/nov/25/data-center-builder-preparing-1-billion-project/",
        "label": "Data center builder preparing $1 billion project in Clarksville",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arkadelphian.com/2026/07/20/arkansas-advocate-mixed-opinions-limited-information-about-6-6-billion-data-center-in-arkansas-river-valley/",
        "label": "Mixed opinions, limited information about $6.6 billion data center in Arkansas River Valley (Arkansas Advocate reprint)",
        "publisher": "The Arkadelphian / Arkansas Advocate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Palmer+Road%2C+Clarksville%2C+Johnson+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Palmer Road, Clarksville, Johnson County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of Palmer Road in Clarksville, the road the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette identifies as the site's location ('just north of the city's water treatment plant on Palmer Road'); this is a road-level approximation, not a parcel-confirmed footprint. Reported figures diverge across sources and are NOT reconciled here: acreage is reported as two parcels totaling 135 acres at acquisition (Nov. 2025) and as a 463-acre campus (Aug. 2026); investment is reported as 'at least one billion' (Nov. 2025), $6.6 billion (2026 reporting and Serverfarm's own page) and $8 billion (Arkansas Advocate, May 2026); building count is reported as four (Serverfarm's own page and the 2026 permit reporting), five (Nov. 2025) and six (trade press). Building size is given as 300,000 sq ft each by Serverfarm and 360,000 sq ft each in trade press. The 463-acre and $6.6 billion figures are used above as the most recent reported values. Serverfarm is owned by Manulife Investment Management per trade press not fetched in this pass and so not cited.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Clarksville Connected Utilities",
      "notes": "Per an ADEQ air permit application reported by the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, the campus is to be served by 40 on-site natural gas turbines rated 16.5 MW each (about 660 MW combined base load) built on property adjacent to the data center, plus 10 natural gas line heaters and three diesel emergency generators. Clarksville Connected Utilities holds an energy service agreement with Serverfarm for 18 MW for 'construction power only.' The on-site generation plant is tracked separately as serverfarm-clarksville-power-plant-ar."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Serverfarm's own campus page describes 'ACC Waterless' cooling in which 'cooling fluid circulates through a sealed loop' that 'recirculates water, significantly reducing water consumption' (stated as roughly 70% less than traditional cooling). The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Nov. 2025) described it as 'a closed-circuit water cooling system, a system that is less water intensive than other water cooling systems.' Recorded as closed_loop because a recirculating water circuit is present; the 'waterless' marketing phrase alone does not make it air-cooled."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 6600000000,
    "landAcres": 463,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Arkansas Advocate reporting (July 2026) found divided local opinion: some residents optimistic about tax revenue and university partnerships, others skeptical ('A lot of it sounds like we got a lot of promises, but I don't think I'm the only one that believes big corporations don't always keep their promises'). More than 80 questions were submitted in advance of a town hall over environmental impact, utility costs and transparency.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "serverfarm-clarksville-power-plant-ar",
    "name": "Serverfarm Clarksville Campus On-Site Gas Turbine Plant",
    "operator": "Serverfarm",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4673307,
      "lon": -93.4405664,
      "city": "Clarksville",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 660
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Air permit application for the 40-turbine plant filed with the Arkansas Division of Environmental Quality; no issued permit reported as of this pass.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/aug/12/clarksvilles-data-center-plan-includes-40-natural/",
        "label": "Clarksville's data center plan includes 40 natural gas turbines",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Palmer+Road%2C+Clarksville%2C+Johnson+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Palmer Road, Clarksville, Johnson County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "This record deliberately SHARES its approximate pin with serverfarm-clarksville-ar: the plant is described only as being on 'property adjacent to the data center,' and no source identifies its own parcel. The pin is a road-level OpenStreetMap geocode of Palmer Road, not a surveyed location for either facility. Single-sourced (one newspaper's reading of a permit application), hence confidence 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' - the underlying ADEQ application itself was not retrieved in this pass and is not cited.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter generation built to serve the co-located Serverfarm data center campus; the utility service agreement with Clarksville Connected Utilities covers only 18 MW of construction power."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Serverfarm",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "serverfarm-clarksville-ar"
      ],
      "unitCount": 40,
      "notes": "Per an air permit application filed with the Arkansas Division of Environmental Quality and reported by the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette on 2026-08-12: 40 natural gas turbines rated at 16.5 MW each, about 660 MW combined base load, each turbine permitted to 'operate for a maximum of 8,760 hours per year' (i.e. continuous duty, not emergency-only). The permit application also covers 10 natural gas line heaters, two diesel emergency generator engines and one diesel emergency generator for the administrative office. The plant is to be built 'on property adjacent to the data center.' The 660 MW figure is the newspaper's arithmetic on the permit application, reported as approximate."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "serverfarm-covington-hazelbrand-ga",
    "name": "Serverfarm Covington Data Center (Hazelbrand Road)",
    "operator": "Serverfarm",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5968,
      "lon": -83.8602,
      "city": "Covington",
      "county": "Newton",
      "street": "Hazelbrand Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Adjacent VoltaGrid on-site natural-gas power plant (~90 MW)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Georgia EPD issued an air-quality permit for the data center campus and 37 diesel emergency generators on 2026-06-29; EPD issued a Notice of Violation on 2026-07-02 because construction had already begun before permits were in hand.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/07/georgia-agency-orders-data-centers-pop-up-power-plant-to-halt-construction/",
        "label": "Officials order Georgia data center's 'pop-up' power plant to halt construction",
        "publisher": "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gpb.org/news/2026/07/07/data-center-power-plant-company-texas-gets-warned-it-may-be-violating-georgia-law",
        "label": "Data center power plant company from Texas gets warned it may be violating Georgia law",
        "publisher": "Georgia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/groups-alert-georgia-regulators-to-unpermitted-construction-of-pop-up-power-plant-data-center/",
        "label": "Groups alert Georgia regulators to unpermitted construction of pop-up power plant, data center",
        "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.selc.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/VoltaGrid-and-Serverfarm-Enforcement-Request.pdf",
        "label": "VoltaGrid and Serverfarm Enforcement Request",
        "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.covnews.com/news/cities/georgia-regulators-alerted-to-unpermitted-construction-of-pop-up-power-plant/",
        "label": "Georgia regulators alerted to unpermitted construction of pop-up power plant",
        "publisher": "The Covington News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wabe.org/data-center-power-plant-accused-of-building-generators-without-permit/",
        "label": "Atlanta-area data center, power plant accused of building generators without permit",
        "publisher": "WABE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-28",
    "notes": "Serverfarm data center campus on Hazelbrand Road in Covington, Newton County, powered by an adjacent VoltaGrid on-site natural-gas plant. Georgia EPD issued an air-quality permit for the data center and 37 diesel emergency generators on 2026-06-29, but issued Notices of Violation on 2026-07-02 because construction began before the required permits were obtained. Coordinates are an approximate Covington geocode, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Baseload supplied by an adjacent VoltaGrid on-site natural-gas generation plant rather than the Georgia Power grid; 37 diesel-fired emergency backup generators covered under the site air-quality permit."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Environmental and community groups (Southern Environmental Law Center and partners) filed an enforcement request with Georgia EPD over unpermitted construction and air-quality concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "serverfarm-lax1-el-segundo-ca",
    "name": "Serverfarm LAX1",
    "operator": "Serverfarm",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.9217807,
      "lon": -118.3864589,
      "city": "El Segundo",
      "county": "Los Angeles",
      "street": "444 North Nash Street",
      "postalCode": "90245",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 17.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.serverfarmllc.com/los-angeles-data-center/",
        "label": "Serverfarm Los Angeles (LAX1) data center page",
        "publisher": "Serverfarm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.serverfarmllc.com/press-releases/serverfarm-acquires-los-angeles-data-center/",
        "label": "Serverfarm acquires Los Angeles data center (press release)",
        "publisher": "Serverfarm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://transwestern.com/news-detail/117-000-sf-data-center-trades-in-el-segundo-ca",
        "label": "117,000 SF data center trades in El Segundo, CA",
        "publisher": "Transwestern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://labusinessjournal.com/real-estate/serverfarm-strikes-71m-el-segundo-hq/",
        "label": "Serverfarm strikes $71M El Segundo HQ deal",
        "publisher": "LA Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2012121003",
        "label": "T5 Data Expansion Project (EA 971), 444 North Nash Street - CEQA filing",
        "publisher": "California CEQAnet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Formerly T5 Data Centers (T5@LA), built 2011 (~$30M construction cost); sold to Serverfarm + NantWorks for $71M in April 2021 and rebranded LAX1. Capacity corrected: Serverfarm's own current site discloses 17.3MW IT capacity / 26MVA utility capacity (not the 22MW figure some discovery leads cite, which conflates the 2021 acquisition press release's '22 MVA' apparent-power figure with real MW); datacenterHawk independently corroborates ~18.3MW commissioned. aiClassification set to 'likely' on the strength of facility-specific 'AI-ready... liquid cooling... 200 W/sq ft' language on Serverfarm's current site, though no named AI/HPC tenant was confirmed. Distinct from an unrelated, separate 2026 community-opposition story at 750 North Nash Street (a different, proposed, since-withdrawn project) - no opposition attaches to this facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "serverfarm-titan-moses-lake-wa",
    "name": "TiTAN (Serverfarm Moses Lake)",
    "operator": "Serverfarm LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.1554,
      "lon": -119.25,
      "city": "Moses Lake",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "4949 Randolph Rd NE",
      "postalCode": "98837",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 22
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.serverfarmllc.com/moses-lake-data-center/",
        "label": "TiTAN | Moses Lake, Washington Data Center",
        "publisher": "Serverfarm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Former US Titan missile-defense command center repurposed by Serverfarm (ex-Cyxtera MWh1); two buildings totaling 413,000 sq ft; a new 120MW substation sits adjacent to the campus. Distinct site from the tracked Bitfarms and Salcido Wheeler facilities in Moses Lake.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "notes": "Nearly 100% hydroelectric power via nearby Columbia River dams; ~$0.026/kWh."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "servistar-westfield-ma",
    "name": "Servistar Realties Westfield Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Servistar Realties",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.157077,
      "lon": -72.741619,
      "city": "Westfield",
      "county": "Hampden",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 42
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2021",
        "note": "Local approval 2021, tax exemption law 2024",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/westfield-data-center-campus",
        "label": "Westfield Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/massive-multi-billion-dollar-data-center-campus-planned-in-western-massachusetts/3795016/",
        "label": "Massive, multi-billion-dollar data center campus planned in western Massachusetts",
        "publisher": "NBC Boston",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://theshoestring.org/2026/07/02/ban-ban-ban-data-center-discontent-reaches-western-massachusetts/",
        "label": "Ban, ban, ban: data center discontent reaches western Massachusetts",
        "publisher": "The Shoestring",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2026/05/18/business/data-centers-lowell-massachusetts-towns/",
        "label": "Data centers, AI, and Massachusetts towns",
        "publisher": "The Boston Globe",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thereminder.com/local-news/hampden-county/westfield/westfield-city-council-approves-data-center-moratorium/",
        "label": "The Reminder (Hampden County)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Would-be first Massachusetts hyperscale data center: 10-building, 2.7M sq ft campus over a long buildout (191/199 Servistar Industrial Way). Tax exemption secured 2024. Status is early and thin — no confirmed groundbreaking; conflicting signals on whether the project is still active.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "City of Westfield"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Westfield City Council voted unanimously on July 6, 2026 to enact a 365-day citywide moratorium on new data-center permits/construction after residents packed hearings over water and power-strain concerns; the moratorium is framed as not formally targeting Servistar's existing 2021 approvals.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "servpac-mtp2-mililani-hi",
    "name": "Servpac MTP Building 2",
    "operator": "Servpac",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 21.448,
      "lon": -158.017,
      "city": "Mililani",
      "county": "Honolulu",
      "state": "HI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Servpac announced MTP Building 2 expansion at Mililani Technology Park; $13M investment planned to approximately 10x existing 1MW IT capacity of Building 1; as of February 2026 reporting, project was in design phase with construction details not yet disclosed",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hawaii-based-cloud-provider-servpac-expands-data-center/",
        "label": "Hawaii-Based Cloud Provider Servpac Expands Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Located in Mililani Technology Park, Central O'ahu, 10 miles inland and 850 feet above sea level, outside major flood, tsunami, and hurricane zones. Building 2 will approximately 10x the existing 1MW IT capacity of MTP Building 1 (Hawaii's only Uptime Institute Tier IV certified facility). Designed to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds. Primary use is enterprise colocation; no AI-specific tenant announced. DCD (February 2026) reports project is in design phase; 'broke ground' claim in original record is unsupported by the cited source. Hawaii's structural barriers (highest US electricity costs, limited grid capacity) make large-scale hyperscale AI builds unlikely; Servpac MTP2 is the only Hawaii project of note found.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO)",
      "notes": "Grid power supplemented by on-site solar (500 solar panels generating approximately 1MWh of energy daily per DCD source — capacity is well below 1MW). Independent power and cooling systems capable of operating if commercial power fails."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling systems eliminate freshwater consumption entirely."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 13000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "sharpless-wellington-road-bristow-va",
    "name": "Wellington Road Data Center Campus (Sharpless)",
    "operator": "Sharpless Enterprises LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.746,
      "lon": -77.523,
      "city": "Bristow",
      "county": "Prince William",
      "street": "6201 Wellington Road",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2024-03-07",
        "note": "The US Army Corps of Engineers North Atlantic Division approved the 181-acre data center complex application on March 7, 2024. The site's existing heavy industrial zoning already accommodates data centers, so separate county approval is not required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.insidenova.com/news/business/army-corps-of-engineers-greenlights-bristow-data-center-complex/article_49d8ed9a-dd87-11ee-9f08-d383b6399e7e.html",
        "label": "Army Corps of Engineers greenlights Bristow data center complex",
        "publisher": "InsideNoVa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Four data center buildings, an electric substation, auxiliary equipment structures and a small administrative building on 181 acres along the north side of Wellington Road west of Piney Branch Lane, just north of the Jiffy Lube Live amphitheater. The land was previously owned by Atlantic Research Corp, which produced and tested missiles and rockets under Department of Defense contract until 2005. Sharpless Enterprises is a Delaware-registered entity that trade press has linked to Google; that link is reported rather than confirmed by the applicant, so the operator field records the filing entity only.",
    "landAcres": 181,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "shelbourne-white-clay-newark-de",
    "name": "White Clay Corporate Center Data Center Redevelopment",
    "operator": "Shelbourne",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6828358,
      "lon": -75.7515682,
      "city": "Newark",
      "county": "New Castle",
      "street": "White Clay Center Drive",
      "state": "DE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Exploratory plans filed with New Castle County in early December 2025 to redevelop White Clay Center Drive industrial buildings (including former JPMorganChase offices) into a 676,000 sq ft complex; a later filing described an 847,000 sq ft data center complex on the 44-acre site, demolishing seven existing buildings for three light-industrial buildings plus a guard shack.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Non-binding pause negotiated by New Castle County Councilman Tim Sheldon with developer's attorney Shawn Tucker (email dated 2026-06-10), contingent on the county approving an exploratory-plan application that would grandfather the site under pre-2026 zoning and exempt it from the county's new data-center ordinance. Developer retains the legal right to build a data center on the property.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spotlightdelaware.org/2025/12/16/two-new-castle-county-industrial-projects-may-become-data-centers/",
        "label": "Two New Castle County industrial projects may become data centers",
        "publisher": "Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newarkpostonline.com/news/data-center-complex-proposed-near-newark/article_25f31b5b-71d7-4975-9ace-213c3dbf35ff.html",
        "label": "Data center complex proposed near Newark",
        "publisher": "Newark Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://www.newarkpostonline.com/spotlight_delaware/county-councilman-says-newark-data-center-plan-paused-after-deal/article_55cac45c-ba8c-4349-9944-d1dbbdedfbfb.html",
        "label": "County councilman says Newark data center plan paused after deal",
        "publisher": "Newark Post / Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/delaware-data-center-foia-reveals-hidden-energy-demands/",
        "label": "Newly public records reveal four pending Delaware data center projects",
        "publisher": "Technical.ly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Reported square footage differs across filings/coverage as plans evolved: 676,000 sq ft (Spotlight Delaware, plans filed early Dec 2025) vs. 847,000 sq ft (Newark Post, later filing) — both recorded here rather than resolved to one figure. Capacity in MW is explicitly 'undetermined' per Delmarva Power's internal project list obtained via FOIA and reported by Technical.ly (sourceIndex 3), so capacityMw is left unset. Location precision is approximate: this pin is Newark, DE's city centroid (OSM); the specific parcel on White Clay Center Drive (near the Ogletown Road/Del. 273 and CarMax intersection) did not resolve via US Census or OSM Nominatim geocoding — tried the bare street name, a structured street+city+state query, and the 'CarMax Newark DE' landmark; all returned no match.",
    "landAcres": 44,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A county councilman publicly brokered a pause after community/political pressure, but the arrangement is a non-binding handshake conditioned on a zoning workaround; the councilman acknowledged its fragility ('If I'm not there, there's no promises'). The developer (Shelbourne) and its attorney did not respond to press requests for comment.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "shenandoah-project-kestrel-kc-northland-mo",
    "name": "Project Kestrel",
    "operator": "Shenandoah Computing LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.3470623,
      "lon": -94.7038818,
      "city": "Kansas City",
      "county": "Platte",
      "street": "Southwest corner of Missouri Highway 92 and N. Winan Avenue (KCI 29 Logistics Park)",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-08-26",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/tech-firm-eyes-development-for-6-data-centers-north-of-kansas-city-international-airport",
        "label": "Tech firm eyes development for 6 data centers north of Kansas City International Airport",
        "publisher": "KSHB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://portkc.com/100-billion-data-center-development-to-bring-infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-to-the-northland/",
        "label": "$100 Billion Data Center Development to bring Infrastructure, Investment and Jobs to the Northland",
        "publisher": "Port KC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/project-kestrel",
        "label": "Project Kestrel Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1526763685",
        "label": "KCI 29 Logistics Park (OpenStreetMap)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Six hyperscale data center buildings planned (up to 1.8M sq ft total) on ~379-430 acres within Hunt Midwest KCI 29 Logistics Park, Platte County. Distinct from Google Project Mica (google-project-mica-kc-northland-mo), a separate campus ~9km east in Clay County. OPERATOR ATTRIBUTION, checked 2026-09-10: the fetched sources name the developer only as Shenandoah Computing LLC. KSHB names Shenandoah as the applicant and mentions Google solely in a context sentence about campuses ALREADY under construction in the Northland; Port KC does not mention Shenandoah at all. No fetched source ties Shenandoah to Google or any named hyperscaler, so no end-tenant is recorded here. An aggregator listing attributes this to Google; this dataset has previously found that aggregator wrong about an operator, so it is not relied on. INVESTMENT, checked 2026-09-10: the $100B figure is the ceiling of a conduit bond series Shenandoah asked Port KC to authorize (KSHB: \"a series of conduit bonds that could reach $100 billion\"), NOT a stated project investment, so no investmentUsd is recorded. Port KC approved a Chapter 100-style industrial development plan on 2025-08-28 with a 35-year real/personal property tax exemption and sales-tax relief on construction materials; no single abatement dollar total was stated, only projected net new tax revenue of ~$110M across all phases, so no structured subsidies entry is recorded. Local press (fox4kc, 2025-11) reports Platte County’s presiding commissioner publicly opposed the tax-break package; that page 403’d and archive.org was rate-limiting at retrieval, so this is an unverified lead for a future refresh, not a sourced community finding. Phase 1 was slated to begin 2026; not confirmed started.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Evergy",
      "notes": "Project commits to a minimum of 50% of all energy from carbon-free resources; development includes an on-site power substation."
    },
    "landAcres": 379,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sholes-wind-energy-center-wayne-ne",
    "name": "Sholes Wind Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2308,
      "lon": -97.0178,
      "city": "Wayne",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 160
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2018-12",
        "note": "Project placed in service; up to 10 full-time operational positions began December 2018.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://newsroom.nexteraenergy.com/2018-07-27-NextEra-Energy-Resources-OPPD-break-ground-on-the-Sholes-Wind-Energy-Center-marking-more-than-200-million-investment-in-Nebraska?l=12",
        "label": "NextEra Energy Resources, OPPD, break ground on the Sholes Wind Energy Center, marking more than $200 million investment in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "NextEra Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "Omaha Public Power District"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 200000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 200,
      "permanent": 10,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "offtaker": "Omaha Public Power District",
      "unitCount": 71,
      "notes": "71 GE turbines across Wayne and Stanton counties. \"The energy will serve customers of OPPD through a 20-year power purchase agreement.\" Expected to deliver over $30 million in property taxes to the counties over 30 years and roughly $40 million in landowner payments."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "silicon-foundation-warwood-wheeling-ohio-county-wv",
    "name": "Silicon Foundation Warwood Data Center and Energy Campus (former Centre Foundry)",
    "operator": "Silicon Foundation Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1013314,
      "lon": -80.7029667,
      "city": "Wheeling",
      "county": "Ohio",
      "street": "74 Warwood Avenue",
      "postalCode": "26003",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-22",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-22",
        "note": "Silicon Foundation purchased the ~15-acre former Centre Foundry property at 74 Warwood Avenue and announced a phased data center and energy campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/states-sixth-data-center-announced-near-wheeling/",
        "label": "State's Sixth Data Center Announced Near Wheeling",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rivernews.org/2026/06/22/historic-centre-foundry-site-sold-plans-announced-for-data-center-and-energy-campus-in-wheeling/",
        "label": "Historic Centre Foundry Site Sold, Plans Announced for Data Center and Energy Campus in Wheeling",
        "publisher": "River News Network",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=74%20Warwood%20Avenue%2C%20Wheeling%2C%20West%20Virginia&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — 74 Warwood Avenue, Wheeling, Ohio County, WV 26003",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Phased plan: Phase 1 a 10-MW modular data center system with battery energy storage targeted for late 2026; Phase 2 expansion to 20–30 MW (reported as \"as much as 100 megawatts\" in 2027 by River News); Phase 3 a 100-MW regional compute hub. capacityMw.planned records the 100-MW full build-out. The foundry operated for more than 180 years until it closed in 2023. Under HB 2014 the project is exempt from county/municipal zoning and building permitting. Coordinates are the OSM address point for 74 Warwood Avenue, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Phase 1 is described as 10 MW drawn from the existing grid through the site's existing electrical substation, paired with battery energy storage; the development plan also cites on-site gas infrastructure for backup power. Stokes Energy is named as the EPC contractor."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports the development plan includes \"access to river water for liquid cooling.\" No cooling method has been specified, so coolingType is left unset."
    },
    "landAcres": 15,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "silicon-ranch-stockton-solar-baldwin-al",
    "name": "Stockton Solar Farm",
    "operator": "Silicon Ranch Corporation",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.9905875,
      "lon": -87.8606214,
      "city": "Stockton",
      "county": "Baldwin",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 260
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://www.siliconranch.com/Stockton/",
        "label": "Stockton Solar Farm",
        "publisher": "Silicon Ranch Corporation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox10tv.com/2026/02/05/solar-farm-approved-north-baldwin-county-power-meta-data-center/",
        "label": "Solar farm approved for north Baldwin County to power Meta data center",
        "publisher": "FOX10 News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "Silicon Ranch will build the facilities, Meta is funding the project, and Alabama Power will buy the electricity to support Meta's AI data center under construction in Montgomery. The solar fields would occupy about 2,000 acres of a property spanning more than 4,500 acres near Stockton, in an unincorporated and unzoned part of north Baldwin County; Silicon Ranch said construction would begin sometime in 2027."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 350000000,
    "landAcres": 4500,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Approved by the Alabama Public Service Commission at its Nov. 12, 2025 meeting over opposition from Stockton-area residents citing environmental and land-use concerns in the rural, unincorporated area. The solar footprint covers about 2,000 of the 4,500 acres purchased; Silicon Ranch states roughly 2,500 acres will remain in long-term conservation."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Two phases on one Stockton I-65 LLC tract: Stockton I (80 MWac) and Stockton II (180 MWac). Silicon Ranch will own, build and operate the project for a stated 40-year life; Alabama Power purchases the output under a 20-year agreement, with Meta funding the arrangement to supply its Montgomery-area AI data center. Solar modules are First Solar, made at a Lawrence County, Alabama plant. Construction is slated to begin in 2027."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "silver-fox-606-indiantown-fl",
    "name": "Silver Fox 606 AI Data Center Campus (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "Silver Fox 606 LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.0400025,
      "lon": -80.517281,
      "city": "Indiantown",
      "county": "Martin",
      "street": "13820 SW Silver Fox Road",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Silver Fox 606 withdrew its application for a 2-million-sq-ft data center at 13820 Silver Fox Road after community pushback.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wptv.com/news/region-martin-county/indiantown/indiantown-data-center-plans-scrapped-as-village-sets-record-straight-on-undeveloped-land",
        "label": "WPTV — Indiantown data center plans scrapped: Silver Fox 606, 13820 Silver Fox Road, 2 million sq ft, withdrawn after community pushback",
        "publisher": "WPTV News Channel 5",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "A roughly 2-million-sq-ft AI data center campus proposed in the Village of Indiantown and withdrawn by the applicant. Separate from FPL's Tesoro Groves PUD on Kanner Highway, which FPL states is \"a planning framework for future development, not a specific project\" and is therefore not tracked here as a facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "simple-helix-huntsville-al",
    "name": "Simple Helix Data Center",
    "operator": "Simple Helix, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.744816340398,
      "lon": -86.691765682048,
      "city": "Huntsville",
      "county": "Madison",
      "street": "165 W Park Loop NW",
      "postalCode": "35806",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://prnewswire.com/news-releases/simple-helix-announces-opening-of-new-tier-iii-data-center-in-huntsville-alabama-300488165.html",
        "label": "Simple Helix Announces Opening of New Tier III Data Center in Huntsville, Alabama",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac/5648",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record 5648 - Simple Helix, 165 West Park Loop, Huntsville AL 35806",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Privately held Huntsville colocation operator (founded 2008); this Tier III facility opened July 14, 2017 with 1.1MW of power capacity across two independent, redundant data halls, sited outside the 100-year flood zone, serving enterprise, government and DoD-contractor tenants (colocation, web hosting, DR, managed cloud/IT). A third-party listing found this session (not independently verified/fetched) cites a higher current capacity, plausibly reflecting expansion since 2017 -- only the operator's own opening-day figure is recorded here, so capacityMw is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator's 2017 opening release describes 'custom-engineered closed-loop chiller systems.'"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "simple-mining-cascade-ia",
    "name": "Simple Mining Cascade (Dubuque County)",
    "operator": "Simple Mining",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2997,
      "lon": -91.0143,
      "city": "Cascade",
      "county": "Dubuque",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.telegraphherald.com/news/tri-state/article_cf05b214-4a5f-4120-9dcb-79073ce015a1.html",
        "label": "Cascade mayor, economic development leader disagree on crypto mining facility's impact",
        "publisher": "Telegraph Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://eagle1023fm.com/cascade-bitcoin-mining-project/",
        "label": "Cascade Residents Weigh Pros and Cons of Bitcoin Mining Project",
        "publisher": "Eagle 102.3FM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Proposed crypto-mining buildout in Cascade's industrial park (east of Industrial St SE / north of Industrial Ct SE), Oak Hill neighborhood. Simple Mining purchased 15 acres; ~5 acres would host the mining facility itself. Backed by Cascade Economic Development Corporation; city would receive $40,000/yr per the proposed agreement. Still required city council approval of a building permit as of the most recent reporting I could fetch — status kept at 'proposed', not 'permitted'. Targeted construction 'late spring or early summer' [2026] with an operations goal of Dec 31, 2026. Two independently-fetched local outlets DISAGREE on scale (30 containers @150 sq ft per Telegraph Herald vs. 40 containers @160 sq ft per Eagle 102.3FM) and neither gives a company-confirmed MW figure — one outlet offered its own estimate of '10 and 40 megawatts based on industry standards,' which I'm treating as a reporter's inference, not a sourced fact, so capacityMw is omitted. Used 'reported' rather than 'confirmed' confidence given the factual inconsistency between the two outlets and the still-pending approval. ~6-8 jobs expected.",
    "landAcres": 15,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "simple-mining-cedar-falls-ia",
    "name": "Simple Mining Cedar Falls (rezoning defeated)",
    "operator": "Simple Mining",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5347,
      "lon": -92.4453,
      "city": "Cedar Falls",
      "county": "Black Hawk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-03-26/cedar-falls-rezoning-proposal-cryptocurrency-mining-site",
        "label": "Cedar Falls residents object to proposed crypto mining site at rezoning meeting",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/05/19/cedar-falls-unanimously-rejects-cryptocurrency-mining-ordinance-changes-discussion-expected-continue/",
        "label": "Cedar Falls unanimously rejects cryptocurrency mining ordinance changes, discussion expected to continue",
        "publisher": "KCRG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Proposed 38+ acre crypto-mining site near the West Viking Road Industrial Park, Cedar Falls — a SEPARATE, larger proposal from the company's existing operational Cedar Falls sites. DEFEATED: fits the site's opposition/'withdrawn or defeated' lens. Per the rules, capacityMw is omitted for cancelled records. Simple Mining CEO Adam Haynes argued for jobs/tax revenue and said water use would equal roughly 7 homes/year; residents and the council disagreed. Both sides indicated discussion may continue, so a revised proposal is plausible.",
    "landAcres": 38,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Cedar Falls City Council unanimously rejected the zoning-code changes needed for this project on 2026-05-18, after sustained resident opposition over noise, water, and energy-consumption concerns tied to a paired proposal (Cedar Falls Utilities' 'Viking Energy Center' natural-gas plant, not itself a Compute Atlas facility type)."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "simple-mining-manchester-ia",
    "name": "Simple Mining Manchester",
    "operator": "Simple Mining",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4842,
      "lon": -91.4515,
      "city": "Manchester",
      "county": "Delaware",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.radioiowa.com/2025/01/17/manchester-official-tries-to-calm-fears-over-incoming-crypto-mining-operation/",
        "label": "Manchester official tries to calm fears over incoming crypto-mining operation",
        "publisher": "Radio Iowa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.telegraphherald.com/news/tri-state/article_efb5a5f4-c946-11ef-bf6a-8f5650901c78.html",
        "label": "Mining in Manchester?: Crypto-currency biz eyes development at city industrial park",
        "publisher": "Telegraph Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "Manchester City Council approved the site plan for what company owner Adam Haynes called the company's 'largest facility yet': 50 modular ~8x20-ft container units (each paired with cooling units), a new electrical substation, and a small office building, in Manchester's industrial park. Draws power from a separate electrical grid per the company; air-cooled, minimal water use. Six to eight full-time jobs. Construction was reported (as of Jan 2025) scheduled to start 'later this spring' [2025] — that's the last independently-confirmed checkpoint I could source; by now (Aug 2026, ~19 months later) it has very likely advanced to under_construction or operational, but I could not independently reconfirm current status, so left it at the last-verified 'permitted' (site-plan-approved) stage. RECOMMEND A STATUS RECHECK before publishing. Exact street address (widely reported elsewhere as 1016 Grant Street) is NOT included here because I only ever saw it in WebSearch AI-summaries of manchesterpress.com/telegraphherald.com, never on a page I successfully fetched (manchesterpress.com 429'd twice) — used Manchester city-seat coordinates instead per the approximate-precision fallback rule. No MW capacity figure found anywhere.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "sioux-county-wind-sioux-ne",
    "name": "Sioux County Wind Farm",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6873162,
      "lon": -103.883042,
      "city": "Harrison",
      "county": "Sioux",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-16",
        "note": "Nebraska DWEE lists the project as under development with no target date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Single-source (Nebraska DWEE), hence confidence \"reported\". Sioux County board and planning-commission minutes appear to record a conditional-use-permit application by Sioux County Wind Farm, LLC for a 300 MW / ~107-turbine project, but the county's posted PDFs would not resolve or render this session, so no permit detail is asserted here — a curator should pull those minutes directly before raising confidence or setting status to \"permitted\". COORDINATES ARE APPROXIMATE: the pin is the county seat (Harrison, via OpenStreetMap/Nominatim); DWEE places the project in eastern unincorporated Sioux County, so the true site lies east of this point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "site-layer-4-goshen-hole-platte-county-wy",
    "name": "Site Layer 4 Goshen Hole Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Site Layer 4, LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1,
      "lon": -104.71,
      "city": "Wheatland",
      "county": "Platte",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09",
        "note": "Platte County Commission unanimously approved industrial rezoning of 5,344 acres with conditions, including reversion to prior zoning if construction does not begin within five years, a required special-use permit, and county review of the industrial park plan. Reported by Cowboy State Daily on 2026-09-02; the exact vote date is not restated here because the source's own dating is ambiguous.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/13/ranchlands-near-wheatland-eyed-for-26-billion-transformational-data-center/",
        "label": "Ranchlands Near Wheatland Eyed For $26 Billion 'Transformational' Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/09/02/platte-county-commissioners-push-back-then-ok-industrial-zoning-for-data-center/",
        "label": "Platte County Commissioners Push Back, Then OK Industrial Zoning For Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Site is on the Lazy V Six Ranch in Goshen Hole, northeast of Wheatland near the Platte-Goshen county line and roughly 13 miles east of Interstate 25. Permanent jobs were reported as a 250-300 range; the low end is recorded here. No megawatt figure has been published. Coordinates are a geocode from that published description and are not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Developer describes a self-generating campus with co-located utility-scale generation and says it would not draw on municipal water or the Wheatland Irrigation District. Fuel type for the co-located generation was not specified in the county proceedings as reported."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a closed-loop cooling system with annual water use comparable to 25 to 30 residential homes, and no connection to municipal water or the Wheatland Irrigation District."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 26000000000,
    "landAcres": 5344,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Rezoning passed unanimously but public comment was split: neighbors raised Ogallala Aquifer depletion, wildlife habitat (mule deer, elk, 40-plus bird species), noise and scenic impacts on the Goshen Hole Rim, and several residents asked for a moratorium; the county economic development director and some ranching families backed it as transformational for the tax base.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "skybox-chicago-i-il",
    "name": "Skybox Chicago I",
    "operator": "Skybox Datacenters",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9936612,
      "lon": -87.973521,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "800 Devon Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 30
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.skyboxdatacenters.com/locations/skybox-chicago",
        "label": "Skybox Datacenters official facility page",
        "publisher": "Skybox Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/383545769",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/383545769",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "30MW, 190,000 SF, LEED Silver, operational/available now. No AI/HPC-specific evidence found on the facility page, so aiClassification left empty.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "skybox-houston-one-tx",
    "name": "Skybox Houston One",
    "operator": "Skybox Datacenters",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.802893,
      "lon": -95.7553386,
      "city": "Katy",
      "county": "Harris",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 26
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.skyboxdatacenters.com/locations/skybox-houston",
        "label": "Skybox Datacenters official facility page",
        "publisher": "Skybox Datacenters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/714776107",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/714776107",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.grcooling.com/customer-successes/shells-skybox-houston-one-data-center/",
        "label": "GRC — Shell's Skybox Houston One Data Center (immersion cooling case study)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/skybox-houston-one",
        "label": "Baxtel — Skybox Houston One Data Center (substation/power infrastructure specs)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "26MW, 96,129 SF, 20-acre campus at 22000 Franz Rd, Katy TX. Page explicitly describes it as home to some of the world's densest HPC compute environments serving oil & gas and cloud/HPC users, with DoubleDense cooling up to 1000W/SF immersion — real HPC evidence, so aiClassification=likely. AI/HPC (mixed_use): Skybox markets Houston as home to some of the world's densest HPC environments with DoubleDense immersion cooling up to 1000 W/PSF; its own news page confirms a named Skybox Houston I HPC immersion deployment (Shell Energy).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "CenterPoint Energy (ERCOT)",
      "notes": "Grid-fed, no on-site generation found. Facility (20-acre private campus) is served by a loop-fed 300-400 MVA substation with dual A/B feeds via underground utility service (Premium Rollover Service) — a resiliency/distribution design, not a generation asset."
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "slate-belt-holdings-upper-mount-bethel-northampton-pa",
    "name": "Slate Belt Holdings Data Center Campus (Upper Mount Bethel)",
    "operator": "Slate Belt Holdings LLC (Talen Energy / River Pointe Logistics joint venture)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.9,
      "lon": -75.13,
      "city": "Upper Mount Bethel Township",
      "county": "Northampton",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-10",
        "note": "Township documents describe up to 23 buildings of roughly 201,500 sq ft each across 754 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bicmagazine.com/departments/AI-Infrastructure/talen-looks-to-develop-23-building-data-center-campus-in-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Talen looks to develop 23-building data center campus in Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "BIC Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Site is roughly 30 miles northeast of Allentown, near Bangor. Land was acquired from River Pointe Logistics in 2026. The developers are challenging Upper Mount Bethel Township's zoning ordinance restrictions on data center use. Coordinates are township-level, not parcel-confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Plans include a 480 MW on-site substation; reporting ties the site to the nearby 607 MW Lower Mount Bethel natural gas plant. No confirmed offtake arrangement has been published."
    },
    "landAcres": 754,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "smarttec-site-01-mead-ok",
    "name": "SmartTec Site 01 (Mead)",
    "operator": "SmartTec by Z1Power",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0005295,
      "lon": -96.5110921,
      "city": "Mead",
      "county": "Bryan",
      "street": "8460 US Highway 70",
      "postalCode": "73449",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 0.114
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "Land and buildings owned; construction start scheduled 24 September 2026, transformer commissioning 8 October 2026, fiber delivery October–November 2026. Operator states the campus is not yet offering commissioned capacity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://smarttec.dev/site",
        "label": "Mead, Oklahoma Data Center Site — 39.39 acres, Bryan County",
        "publisher": "SmartTec by Z1Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Very small GPU colocation site on US-70 in Bryan County: three existing buildings (A 1,500 sq ft compute, B 2,083 sq ft batteries/utilities, C 3,535 sq ft compute), ~5,035 sq ft of gross data-center area. Phase 1A is 8× HGX-class systems, 64 GPUs, ~114 kW IT load — recorded here as 0.114 MW planned. Status is 'proposed' rather than 'under_construction' because as of 2026-09-14 the operator's own schedule puts construction start ten days out. Single-source (operator self-published), so confidence is 'reported'. Coordinates are the town of Mead; the street address did not resolve in OSM.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oklahoma Gas & Electric (OG&E)",
      "notes": "Existing on-site transformer rated 3,000 A at 208 V three-phase, awaiting OG&E commissioning (targeted 8 October 2026). The design is battery-backed with z1power LFP storage and sub-10 ms failover, on the stated premise that grid instability is the design basis of the site."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Initial proposal is 8 Supermicro systems using direct liquid cooling. The operator does not publish a water-use figure."
    },
    "landAcres": 39.39,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "socrates-north-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "Socrates North Generation Facility",
    "operator": "Will-Power OH, LLC (Williams Companies)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.07,
      "lon": -82.76,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.williams.com/expansion-project/socrates-power-solution-facilities/",
        "label": "Williams Socrates Power Solution Facilities project page (New Albany-area on-site natural-gas generation serving a Meta affiliate)",
        "publisher": "Williams Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-sixth-natural-gas-power-plant-in-new-albany/919826.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: 'Socrates North and Socrates South, both 200 MW power plants, are under construction'; offtaker Sidecat LLC (Meta)",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "On-site natural-gas generation (200 MW) built by Will-Power OH, LLC (a Williams Companies entity) to serve Meta's New Albany operations under offtaker Sidecat LLC (a Meta affiliate); under construction. One of the paired Socrates North/South plants. Coordinates approximate (New Albany / Licking-side cluster).",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter gas generation for Meta's New Albany 'Prometheus' campus (meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh). Offtaker of record is Sidecat LLC, a Meta affiliate."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "socrates-south-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "Socrates South Generation Facility",
    "operator": "Will-Power OH, LLC (Williams Companies)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.068,
      "lon": -82.762,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.williams.com/expansion-project/socrates-power-solution-facilities/",
        "label": "Williams Socrates Power Solution Facilities project page",
        "publisher": "Williams Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-sixth-natural-gas-power-plant-in-new-albany/919826.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: Socrates South, 200 MW, under construction; offtaker Sidecat LLC (Meta)",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "On-site natural-gas generation (200 MW) built by Will-Power OH, LLC (Williams) to serve Meta's New Albany operations (offtaker Sidecat LLC); under construction. Paired with Socrates North. Coordinates approximate.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Gas generation for Meta's New Albany 'Prometheus' campus (meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh). Offtaker of record Sidecat LLC (Meta affiliate)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "socrates-the-younger-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "Socrates the Younger (STY) Generation Facility",
    "operator": "Will-Power OH, LLC (Williams Companies)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.066,
      "lon": -82.764,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "OPSB Case 26-0169-EL-BLN (approved).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.williams.com/expansion-project/socrates-power-solution-facilities/",
        "label": "Williams Socrates Power Solution Facilities project page",
        "publisher": "Williams Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-sixth-natural-gas-power-plant-in-new-albany/919826.html",
        "label": "Farm and Dairy: Socrates the Younger (STY), 250 MW, Will-Power OH, offtaker Sidecat LLC (Meta), OPSB Case 26-0169-EL-BLN, 'behind-the-meter' for an adjacent data center",
        "publisher": "Farm and Dairy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dailysignal.com/2026/06/29/central-ohio-data-center-will-have-its-own-power-plant/",
        "label": "The Daily Signal: Central Ohio data center will have its own power plant",
        "publisher": "The Daily Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/ohio-power-siting-board-approves-construction-power-plant-serve-load-adjacent-data-center",
        "label": "American Public Power Association: Ohio Power Siting Board approves construction of power plant to serve load of adjacent data center",
        "publisher": "American Public Power Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "A third Williams (Will-Power OH) on-site gas plant, 250 MW, serving Meta's New Albany operations (offtaker Sidecat LLC), approved by the Ohio Power Siting Board (Case 26-0169-EL-BLN) and operating behind-the-meter for an adjacent data center. Coordinates approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 250,
      "notes": "Includes 116 MW of battery energy storage; behind-the-meter, serves Sidecat LLC (a Meta Platforms affiliate); not connected to the electric grid."
    },
    "landAcres": 109,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "notes": "Third Socrates plant (250 MW) for Meta's New Albany 'Prometheus' campus (meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh); OPSB Case 26-0169-EL-BLN. Offtaker Sidecat LLC (Meta affiliate)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "solis-arx-progress-park-wythe-va",
    "name": "Solis Arx Progress Park Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Solis Arx",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.958,
      "lon": -80.899,
      "city": "Max Meadows",
      "county": "Wythe",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-05",
        "note": "Wythe County and Solis Arx announced a data center / 'AI factory' campus on a 99-acre lot in Progress Park; Wythe County has no zoning, so no rezoning is required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2025/12/05/data-center-campus-announced-for-wythe-county/",
        "label": "Data center campus announced for Wythe County",
        "publisher": "Cardinal News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wytheco.org/418/Solis-Arx",
        "label": "Solis Arx Digital Infrastructure Project at Progress Park",
        "publisher": "Wythe County, VA (government)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wytheco.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=36",
        "label": "Wythe County and Solis Arx Announce New Digital Infrastructure Investment in Progress Park",
        "publisher": "Wythe County, VA (government)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsls.com/news/local/2025/12/06/ai-computing-center-headed-to-wythe-county/",
        "label": "AI computing center headed to Wythe County",
        "publisher": "WSLS 10",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://swvasun.com/county-explains-solis-arx-data-center-plans-as-residents-voice-concerns-p14890-10.htm",
        "label": "County explains Solis Arx data center plans as residents voice concerns",
        "publisher": "Southwest Virginia Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Solis Arx (owner-operator; AI-compute tenant reported as Fluidstack) plans a phased AI data center campus on a 99-acre tract in Wythe County's Progress Park, ~15 minutes from Wytheville, served by Appalachian Power and Wytheville water. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of Progress Park (Max Meadows / Fort Chiswell area off I-81), not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Appalachian Power"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Residents voiced concerns at county informational sessions over the proposed AI campus.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "solon-township-data-center-kent-mi",
    "name": "Solon Township Data Center (16-17 Mile Road, US-131)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed technology company (site search via The Right Place)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.2612958,
      "lon": -85.6119334,
      "city": "Solon Township",
      "county": "Kent",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Developers are eyeing farmland just west of U.S. 131 between 16 and 17 Mile roads, most of it zoned agricultural/residential. The Right Place confirmed \"a few leading U.S.-based technology companies have approached The Right Place to explore developing data centers in our region, including one in Solon Township.\" Township adopted a six-month moratorium in February 2026, later extended.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/developers-eye-solon-township-farmland-for-potential-data-center",
        "label": "Developers eye Solon Township farmland for potential data center",
        "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Solon%20Township%2C%20Kent%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Solon Township, Kent County, Michigan (township-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "No official proposal had been submitted to Solon Township as of the cited reporting, and the end user is not named. Filed as rumored. Distinct from the tracked Microsoft sites in Gaines, Lowell and Dorr townships — Solon is north of Grand Rapids and the company has not been identified.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "solstice-data-allen-park-mi",
    "name": "Allen Park Data Center",
    "operator": "Solstice Data",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2830061,
      "lon": -83.1947008,
      "city": "Allen Park",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "street": "Enterprise Drive, south of I-94",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 26
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Planning commission delayed a decision for additional analysis; the vote was postponed three times in total.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Site plan denied 7-2 by the Allen Park Planning Commission on 2026-06-04.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/06/allen-park-planners-reject-data-center/",
        "label": "Allen Park planners reject proposed data center: 'We're gonna celebrate with one eye open'",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "26 MW proposal on Enterprise Drive south of I-94, near homes and Melvindale High School. Status 'cancelled' records the DENIED site plan; the source does not report an appeal or resubmission. CONFIRMED ABSENCES: no acreage, investment figure, or job count is stated in either source. Coordinates are Nominatim's street-level match for Enterprise Drive, the only location the source gives (no house number); the parcel is not confirmed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "The source states the cooling system would NOT be connected to municipal water and that the facility's draw would rank below the city's 20th-largest water customer. That rules out a municipally-supplied evaporative load but does not describe the heat-rejection circuit, so coolingType is left 'unknown' rather than inferred as air or closed_loop."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The planning commission voted 7-2 on 2026-06-04 to deny the site plan after postponing the decision three times, citing needed zoning-ordinance revisions, missing information and inadequate engineering studies, and a sound study that failed to demonstrate noise mitigation. Residents cheered the rejection; a nurse practitioner raised pollution concerns in an area with high asthma rates near Melvindale High School. The commission also recommended a six-month moratorium on data-center development.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-annie-paris-tx",
    "name": "Soluna Project Annie",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6609,
      "lon": -95.5555,
      "city": "Paris",
      "county": "Lamar",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05-22",
        "note": "Term sheet announced May 22 2025 (Soluna's first solar-powered site); PPA, land, and ERCOT interconnection still in progress (baxtel: year planned 2028).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.solunacomputing.com/?post_type=news&p=15253",
        "label": "Soluna to Launch First Solar-Powered Data Center With 75 MW Project",
        "publisher": "Soluna Computing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/soluna-project-annie",
        "label": "Soluna: Project Annie Details",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://corvusunited.com/project/tyson-nick-solar/",
        "label": "Tyson Nick Solar project profile",
        "publisher": "Corvus United",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "notes": "Directory listings give a street address (4210 Old Bonham Rd, Paris, TX 75460) but I could not independently geocode it; lat/lon here is the Paris, TX city centroid — precision should be treated as approximate, not exact, until the address is geocoded.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Co-located with the 114 MW Tyson Nick Solar Project near Paris, Lamar County (independently verified at 112 MW via Corvus United); Soluna's first solar-powered deployment."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-dorothy-silverton-tx",
    "name": "Soluna Project Dorothy",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.391589,
      "lon": -101.318337,
      "city": "Silverton",
      "county": "Briscoe",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 98
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "Phases 1A (25MW) + 1B (25MW) + 2 (48MW) = 98 MW, co-located with the 150 MW Briscoe wind farm.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/64463/000162828026035538/slnh-20260331.htm",
        "label": "Soluna Holdings 10-Q Q1 2026 (site table)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-18",
    "notes": "Phases 1A (25MW) + 1B (25MW) + 2 (48MW) = 98 MW, co-located with the 150 MW Briscoe wind farm. Explicit entry in Soluna's 10-Q.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-edith-wenatchee-wa",
    "name": "Project Edith (former Soluna Wenatchee site)",
    "operator": "Soluna Computing, Inc.",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.4234599,
      "lon": -120.310349,
      "city": "Wenatchee",
      "county": "Chelan",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3.3
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2022-09-17",
        "note": "Soluna Computing sold the site's mining and general equipment to a buyer on 17 September 2022, retaining only at-cost facilities contracts on the new owner's behalf. Project Edith generated 0% of Soluna's mining revenue in FY2023 (down from 5% in FY2022), and Soluna's later filings list only Murray, Kentucky and Silverton, Texas as active sites.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/64463/000149315224012303/form10-k.htm",
        "label": "Soluna Holdings, Inc. Form 10-K for FY2023 - 'Project Edith was a project permitted to consume up to 3.3 MWs located in Wenatchee, Washington'; asset sale September 2022; SCI leases ~19,000 sq ft in four buildings in East Wenatchee",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Recorded as cancelled on the Giga Watt precedent already in the dataset: the operator has exited, and the tracker's status vocabulary has no 'decommissioned' value. The 3.3 MW figure is the permitted consumption ceiling stated in the 10-K, not measured load. The filing is internally inconsistent about the place name - it locates Project Edith in 'Wenatchee' but describes the leased buildings as being in East Wenatchee (a different county); Wenatchee/Chelan is used here because that is the filing's own wording for the project, and the coordinates are the Wenatchee city centroid, not a site footprint. Whoever bought the mining assets in 2022 is not named in the filing, so no current operator is asserted.",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-ellen-rio-hondo-tx",
    "name": "Soluna Project Ellen",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 26.2373,
      "lon": -97.5814,
      "city": "Rio Hondo",
      "county": "Cameron",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04-17",
        "note": "Term sheet for power signed April 2025; PPA, land, and ERCOT interconnection agreements still in progress per baxtel (year planned 2026).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.solunacomputing.com/news/project-ellen-term-sheet/",
        "label": "Soluna to Expand Renewable-Powered AI & Bitcoin Computing With New 100MW Site",
        "publisher": "Soluna Computing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/soluna-project-ellen",
        "label": "Soluna: Project Ellen Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gridinfo.com/plant/palmas-wind-llc/61773",
        "label": "Palmas Wind, LLC plant record",
        "publisher": "GridInfo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "notes": "Co-located with the 145 MW Palmas Wind (Palmas Altas) wind farm near Rio Hondo, Cameron County (independently verified at 144.9 MW nameplate via GridInfo); built in two 50 MW phases."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-fei-childress-tx",
    "name": "Soluna Project Fei",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.4262,
      "lon": -100.2013,
      "city": "Childress",
      "county": "Childress",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08-26",
        "note": "Announced Aug 26 2025 as part of Soluna's '1 GW milestone'; still in land acquisition, power contract negotiation, and ERCOT interconnection planning per Soluna. Baxtel lists year planned 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.solunacomputing.com/news/1gw/",
        "label": "Soluna Surpasses One Gigawatt of Clean Computing Projects with Launch of Two New Sites",
        "publisher": "Soluna Computing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/soluna-project-fei",
        "label": "Soluna Project Fei Data Center Details",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Co-located with a 240 MW utility-scale solar farm; named for AI researcher Fei-Fei Li."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-grace-silverton-tx",
    "name": "Soluna Project Grace",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.4692,
      "lon": -101.3082,
      "city": "Silverton",
      "county": "Briscoe",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01-08",
        "note": "Siemens MOU announced Jan 8 2026 for a 2 MW behind-the-meter power-and-controls pilot to validate managing rapid GPU-driven power swings for AI/HPC workloads at the Project Grace site. Soluna's own project tracker lists Grace as 'Under Construction.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.solunacomputing.com/news/siemens-partnership/",
        "label": "Soluna and Siemens Collaborate to Solve GPU Power Swings in Behind-the-Meter AI",
        "publisher": "Soluna Computing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/soluna-project-grace",
        "label": "Soluna: Project Grace Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.solunacomputing.com/projects/",
        "label": "Data Centers — Soluna Computing (project tracker)",
        "publisher": "Soluna Computing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "notes": "Wind-powered pilot near Soluna's existing Dorothy 1A/1B/2 sites in Silverton (~3.7 miles away, per Baxtel — a distinct physical site). Siemens partnership will supply electrical/mechanical equipment (transformers, switchgear, power converters) to test behind-the-meter AI/HPC power management. Named for Grace Hopper."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-kati-willacy-tx",
    "name": "Soluna Project Kati",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 26.4804,
      "lon": -97.7836,
      "city": "Raymondville",
      "county": "Willacy",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 166
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Soluna broke ground on Project Kati (its largest site) in the Rio Grande Valley, Willacy County; 166 MW in two phases, Phase 1 live early 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250911683738/en/Soluna-Breaks-Ground-on-its-Largest-Site-to-Date-Project-Kati",
        "label": "Soluna Breaks Ground on its Largest Site to Date, Project Kati",
        "publisher": "Soluna Holdings",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Rio Grande Valley, Willacy County; 166 MW clean computing in two phases (scaling toward 300+ MW — in notes), ERCOT-approved, Phase 1 live early 2026. Coordinates are anchored to Raymondville (county seat); the exact parcel is unspecified.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Magic Valley Electric Co-op Inc",
      "notes": "ERCOT grid; Soluna markets 'clean computing' co-located with renewables."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "soluna-project-sophie-murray-ky",
    "name": "Soluna Project Sophie",
    "operator": "Soluna Holdings",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.61,
      "lon": -88.315,
      "city": "Murray",
      "county": "Calloway",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 25
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "25 MW grid-hydro Bitcoin hosting, operating since 2021.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/64463/000162828026035538/slnh-20260331.htm",
        "label": "Soluna Holdings 10-Q Q1 2026 (site table)",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-17",
    "notes": "25 MW grid-hydro Bitcoin hosting, operating since 2021. Explicit entry in Soluna's 10-Q site table. Distinct from Soluna Project Kati (Willacy County, TX).",
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "sos-limited-park-falls-wi",
    "name": "SOS Limited Park Falls Crypto Mine (Former Flambeau River Paper Mill)",
    "operator": "SOS Limited",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.9305,
      "lon": -90.438,
      "city": "Park Falls",
      "county": "Price",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2022-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2022-06",
        "note": "SOS Limited installed racks of mining computers in the century-old brick office building of the former Park Falls mill; a June 2022 company video showed the operation running.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2023/01/crypto-mine-in-park-falls-wisconsin-creates-controversy-at-former-paper-mill/",
        "label": "In rural Wisconsin, former employees lift curtain on troubled crypto mine",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "NYSE-listed SOS Limited mines Bitcoin and Ethereum inside part of the former Flambeau River Paper / Park Falls Pulp and Paper mill, with equipment supplied by Shenzhen Beibeizhu Technology and the site held through Park Falls Industrial Management. Only a handful of employees are based in Park Falls. The most recent reporting I could source is January 2023, when the operation ran at limited capacity indoors with the outdoor expansion halted; current operating status is unverified and should be re-checked before publication. Capacity, hash rate and power arrangement were never disclosed. Coordinates are a best-effort locator for the mill site.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "An August 2022 expansion permit was voted down over noise. City officials said 'the city does not believe this use is the best use of the property in terms of jobs for our area,' but industrial zoning prevented stopping it and they preferred it to a vacant, deteriorating mill.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "mixed"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "south-front-networks-davenport-ia",
    "name": "South Front Networks IA-Davenport Interconnection Facility",
    "operator": "South Front Networks",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5477099,
      "lon": -90.620859,
      "city": "Davenport",
      "county": "Scott",
      "street": "2814 N Clark Street",
      "postalCode": "52804",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-04",
        "note": "Listed as an active point of presence on the operator's own PoP page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://southfront.io/pop",
        "label": "South Front Networks Points of Presence — IA-Davenport, 2814 N Clark St, Davenport IA 52804",
        "publisher": "South Front Networks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southfront.io/",
        "label": "South Front Networks — carrier-neutral middle-mile and interconnection, Upper Midwest",
        "publisher": "South Front Networks",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral 'carrier motel' and interconnection facility serving eastern Iowa and the Quad Cities; the operator publishes no square footage or power rating for the site. Small interconnection facility rather than a compute campus — recorded for completeness of the Iowa colocation footprint.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sovereign-gazelle-somerville-al",
    "name": "Sovereign Gazelle Bitcoin Mining Data Center",
    "operator": "Sovereign Gazelle",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.457,
      "lon": -86.7603,
      "city": "Somerville",
      "county": "Morgan",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.decaturdaily.com/news/morgan_county/bitcoin-mining-data-center-trying-to-build-near-somerville/article_59757f8f-a8cb-496c-b551-43f037e8c3b8.html",
        "label": "Bitcoin mining data center trying to build near Somerville",
        "publisher": "Decatur Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nbcpalmsprings.com/2026/06/13/alabama-homeowners-turn-down-free-cash-and-internet-to-block-bitcoin-mining-data-center",
        "label": "Alabama Homeowners Turn Down Free Cash and Internet to Block Bitcoin Mining Data Center",
        "publisher": "NBC Palm Springs (AP-syndicated)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hartselleenquirer.com/2026/08/17/morgan-county-says-cannot-stop-proposed-data-center/",
        "label": "Morgan County says it cannot stop proposed data center",
        "publisher": "Hartselle Enquirer",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.waff.com/2026/08/15/somerville-residents-track-ownership-behind-planned-bitcoin-mining-center/",
        "label": "Somerville residents track ownership behind planned Bitcoin mining center",
        "publisher": "WAFF 48",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Texas-based Sovereign Global Solutions Inc. (CEO Kevin Mohan, also affiliated with Big Star Blockchain, a bitcoin-data-center services firm) bought 15 acres at 369 Union Road for $300,000 in August 2025; incorporated the project entity 'Sovereign Gazelle' in April 2026. Plan: a 50MW bitcoin mining data center occupying 10 of the 15 acres. Build depends on easements from four neighboring landowners for 75-ft utility poles carrying the 50MW line — all four have refused as of June 2026. Morgan County Commission passed a 12-month moratorium on bitcoin-mining data centers on 2026-06-23 after resident petitions (450+ signatures) citing noise/air-quality/property-value concerns. VoltCore is the EPC/engineering contractor for the power buildout, not the site owner/operator — do not attribute operatorship to VoltCore. County officials describe the project as 'still pursuing' but stalled pending right-of-way. STATUS RE-CHECK, NO CHANGE - proposed remains correct. Morgan County adopted a unanimous 12-month data-center moratorium in June 2026, but the area is unzoned and the county has since said it cannot stop this site; the project's only forward movement found is negotiating utility easements. No building permit, construction start or cancellation was found, so the record should not move in either direction. The moratorium and the county's stated inability to enforce it against this parcel are recorded here as context.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Joe Wheeler EMC",
      "notes": "Electrical service is being arranged through Joe Wheeler EMC; the developer initially sought rights of way from four residents for 75-foot utility poles and is now exploring an underground route."
    },
    "landAcres": 15,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "spalding-investments-high-falls-road-campus-ga",
    "name": "Spalding Investments Data Center Campus (High Falls Road)",
    "operator": "Spalding Investments, LLC (developer; end user undisclosed)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2468,
      "lon": -84.2641,
      "city": "Griffin",
      "county": "Spalding",
      "street": "High Falls Road at South McDonough Road (south side)",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-10-23",
        "note": "Spalding County commissioners approved rezonings and special exceptions with conditions for the campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/data-centers-could-bring-high-tax-revenue-to-spalding-county/article_fe0871d7-695d-5ea7-924f-d89b2aeb6b33.html",
        "label": "Data centers could bring high tax revenue to Spalding County",
        "publisher": "Griffin Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Six two-story buildings totalling 1.42 million sq ft plus a power transfer station, on 127.45 acres bounded by High Falls Road, South McDonough Road and Highway 16 / Arthur K. Bolton Parkway. Build-out dated 2030; estimated local tax revenue at build-out $22.9M.",
    "landAcres": 127.45,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "srp-marigold-energy-center-stanfield-az",
    "name": "Marigold Energy Center",
    "operator": "Salt River Project",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8834,
      "lon": -111.964,
      "city": "Stanfield",
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1675
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-23",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-23",
        "note": "SRP announced the proposal and held public open houses; board approval targeted for September 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kjzz.org/business/2026-07-23/proposed-srp-center-to-use-solar-battery-power-and-natural-gas-it-aims-to-keep-up-with-demand",
        "label": "Proposed SRP center to use solar, battery power and natural gas. It aims to keep up with demand",
        "publisher": "KJZZ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/srp-marigold-project-board-energy-storage/825813/",
        "label": "SRP to propose up to 1.7-GW mixed-resource project to its board in September",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed near Stanfield in Pinal County, roughly 45 miles south of Phoenix, to serve growing demand in Maricopa and Pinal counties. SRP has not named a specific offtaker; the data-center link is SRP's stated load-growth rationale, not a signed campus-level agreement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Salt River Project",
      "notes": "600 MW solar, 400 MW of lithium-ion battery storage at 8-hour duration, and up to 675 MW of natural gas generation intended for peak hours, plus a new substation and about four miles of 230 kV transmission line."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "other",
      "notes": "Hybrid solar + storage + gas energy center. SRP sited it for existing infrastructure including a 500 kV transmission line and proximity to El Paso and Transwestern gas pipelines, and frames the need as load growth driven largely by data centers and other large users. SRP planned to seek board approval in September 2026 and still requires regulatory approvals."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "srs-ai-data-center-savannah-river-site-sc",
    "name": "Savannah River Site AI Data Center (Amentum)",
    "operator": "Amentum",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2122041,
      "lon": -81.6223727,
      "county": "Barnwell",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-20",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/nnsa/articles/nnsa-selects-amentum-ai-data-center-and-energy-project-savannah-river-site",
        "label": "NNSA Selects Amentum for AI Data Center and Energy Project at Savannah River Site",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy / NNSA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "NNSA (DOE) announced 2026-07-20 that Amentum was selected to enter negotiations for a phased lease to build a ~1 GW AI data center at the Savannah River Site, paired with ~2 GW of dedicated on-site generation (companion record: srs-energy-generation-savannah-river-site-sc). SRS spans Aiken, Barnwell, and Allendale counties, SC; NNSA has identified 10 candidate tracts within the site but has not publicly designated a specific tract, county, or parcel. Coordinates are the SRS site centroid, not a specific tract — precision approximate. Selection for negotiation is NOT a final lease award; subject to successful negotiation, permitting, and federal safety/security review.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "srs-energy-generation-savannah-river-site-sc",
    "name": "Savannah River Site Energy Generation Project (Amentum)",
    "operator": "Amentum",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2122041,
      "lon": -81.6223727,
      "county": "Barnwell",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-07-20",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/nnsa/articles/nnsa-selects-amentum-ai-data-center-and-energy-project-savannah-river-site",
        "label": "NNSA Selects Amentum for AI Data Center and Energy Project at Savannah River Site",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy / NNSA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Companion generation project to srs-ai-data-center-savannah-river-site-sc, intended to serve the data center without drawing on the existing utility grid. Selection for lease negotiation announced 2026-07-20; not a final award. Coordinates are the SRS site centroid — precision approximate.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Savannah River Site AI Data Center (Amentum)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "srs-ai-data-center-savannah-river-site-sc"
      ],
      "notes": "Announced as initially natural-gas-fired, with NNSA/Amentum stating a plan to transition to advanced/nuclear generation over time (SRS is a legacy DOE nuclear reservation). No specific technology mix, unit count, or in-service date has been publicly disclosed — treat the 2 GW figure as an early planning-stage estimate, not an engineered design capacity."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "st-albans-data-center-vt",
    "name": "Proposed St. Albans, VT Data Center (Unbuilt)",
    "operator": "Unnamed developer",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.8107911,
      "lon": -73.0833607,
      "city": "St. Albans",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "VT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "First known attempt to bring a large-scale data center to Vermont. Two capacity scenarios were discussed: 8-12MW or 50MW; the larger option was projected at approximately 1,000 temporary construction jobs and 20 permanent jobs.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "\"It was going to cost just too much money to build a substation that would have allowed the project to move forward\" -- Sean Adkins, then St. Albans town manager, on why the developer withdrew: connecting to the grid would have required a new substation costing roughly $30 million.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vtdigger.org/2026/02/24/vermont-plugs-into-the-data-center-conversation/",
        "label": "Vermont plugs into the data center conversation",
        "publisher": "VTDigger",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "No developer name, specific parcel, or exact site address was named in any source found -- location is therefore a St. Albans city-boundary centroid (OSM relation 199108, 'Saint Albans City, Franklin County, Vermont'), not a parcel-level pin; disclosed here per this wave's contract since no street address exists to pair it with. capacityMw and jobs are deliberately left as unstructured fields (in statusHistory notes only) rather than forced into the schema's single-value capacityMw/jobs objects, because the two capacity scenarios (8-12MW vs 50MW) were alternatives under discussion, not a single settled plan, and the job estimates applied only to the larger, never-selected option. Sean Adkins subsequently became executive director of the Rutland Development Authority and has expressed continued interest in attracting a similar project to Rutland -- a possible future lead, not yet independently verified as an active proposal.",
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "No opposition or support documented in coverage found -- the project failed on grid-interconnection economics before reaching a public siting fight. Then-town-manager Sean Adkins actively worked with the developer to try to land the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "st-james-solar-vacherie-la",
    "name": "St. James Solar",
    "operator": "St. James Solar, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.9734,
      "lon": -90.7335,
      "city": "Vacherie",
      "county": "St. James",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Entergy's renewable portfolio lists a 2023 commercial operation / start of delivery date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 62854, St. James Solar (LA))",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Operator is recorded as the EIA-reported plant owner entity. Coordinate is the EIA plant point, reported to four decimal places, and is marked approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy New Orleans",
      "notes": "Entergy New Orleans buys the output under a power purchase agreement."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-berry-hill-va",
    "name": "Berry Hill / Southern Virginia Megasite",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.68,
      "lon": -79.35,
      "city": "Berry Hill",
      "county": "Pittsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-30",
        "note": "STACK confirmed moving forward.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/stack-commits-735bn-investment-into-data-center-campus-in-berry-hill-virginia/",
        "label": "STACK commits $73.5bn investment into data center campus in Berry Hill, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/06/30/stack-infrastructure-says-its-moving-forward-with-ai-data-center-in-pittsylvania/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure says it's moving forward with AI data center in Pittsylvania",
        "publisher": "Cardinal News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/03/10/73-billion-project-at-pittsylvania-megasite-would-be-largest-in-southside-history/",
        "label": "Cardinal News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wset.com/news/local/pittsylvania-county-advances-100b-data-center-campus-proposal-despite-resident-concerns-berry-hill-july-2026",
        "label": "Pittsylvania supervisors back $100B Berry Hill Data Center project",
        "publisher": "WSET (ABC13)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wset.com/news/local/local-leaders-approve-100b-ai-data-campus-in-pittsylvania-county-amid-citizen-concerns-megasite-berry-hill-may-2026",
        "label": "Local leaders approve $100B AI data campus in Pittsylvania County amid citizen concerns",
        "publisher": "WSET (ABC13)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/stack-100b-berry-hill-data-center-project/",
        "label": "$100B data center project proposed at Berry Hill megasite advances",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Performance agreement caps investment at up to $73.5B over 30 years (2,050 jobs); parallel reporting cites a ~$100B project scope. ~2,990 acres of the Southern Virginia Megasite; land deal ~$737.8M. investmentUsd reflects the conservative $73B figure from the March 2026 draft performance agreement (2,050 jobs, 30-year span, not yet signed); a May 2026 'final document' revised it upward to $100B / 2,500 jobs.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 7,
      "notes": "Performance agreement references 7 million gallons per day of water capacity allocated from the Dan River for the megasite buildout."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 73000000000,
    "landAcres": 2990,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 2050,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors passed a resolution supporting the project, and Regional Industrial Facility Authority chair Vic Ingram publicly championed it, calling the investment historic. Erin Hall, a resident living four miles from the megasite, spoke against the project during public comment, questioning water and power safeguards and saying county meetings had been kept 'hush-hush.'",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-bossier-parish-la",
    "name": "Bossier Parish Campus (with Amazon)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.69,
      "lon": -93.74,
      "city": "Benton",
      "county": "Bossier",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02-24",
        "note": "General contractors chosen, jobs posted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksla.com/2026/02/24/campuses-newly-announced-amazon-data-center-spanning-bossier-caddo-parishes-confirmed/",
        "label": "Campuses of newly-announced Amazon data center spanning Bossier, Caddo parishes confirmed",
        "publisher": "KSLA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/amazon-selects-louisiana-for-12-billion-data-center-campuses-in-major-u-s-expansion",
        "label": "Louisiana Economic Development (LED) — official announcement",
        "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Companion site to the Blanchard/Caddo Parish campus; same ~$12,000,000,000 combined Amazon/STACK investment.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO)",
      "notes": "Amazon is partnering with SWEPCO and states it pays 100% of the costs associated with the new data center campus in Louisiana."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "LED FastStart (workforce development)",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "High Impact Jobs Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "Data Center Sales Tax Exemption Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-caddo-parish-la",
    "name": "Caddo Parish Campus (with Amazon)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.58,
      "lon": -93.9,
      "city": "Blanchard",
      "county": "Caddo",
      "street": "7340 Greenwood Road",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-02-24",
        "note": "General contractors chosen, jobs posted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksla.com/2026/02/24/campuses-newly-announced-amazon-data-center-spanning-bossier-caddo-parishes-confirmed/",
        "label": "Campuses of newly-announced Amazon data center spanning Bossier, Caddo parishes confirmed",
        "publisher": "KSLA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/amazon-selects-louisiana-for-12-billion-data-center-campuses-in-major-u-s-expansion",
        "label": "Amazon selects Louisiana for $12 billion data center campuses in major U.S. expansion",
        "publisher": "Opportunity Louisiana",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/stack-resilient-tech-park",
        "label": "Stack: Resilient Tech Park Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-20",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksla.com/2026/08/18/amazon-web-services-announces-third-data-center-campus-is-coming-shreveport/",
        "label": "Amazon Web Services announces a third data center campus is coming to Shreveport",
        "publisher": "KSLA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-20",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Part of a ~$12,000,000,000 combined Amazon/STACK investment spanning this Caddo Parish campus and the companion Bossier Parish campus (Benton, LA).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO)",
      "notes": "Amazon is partnering with SWEPCO and states it pays 100% of the costs associated with the new data center campus in Louisiana."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "LED FastStart (workforce development)",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "High Impact Jobs Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "Data Center Sales Tax Exemption Program",
        "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-chi01-il",
    "name": "STACK CHI01",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.006856,
      "lon": -87.9651767,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/chicago/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/863162822",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/863162822",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — STACK Infrastructure, Elk Grove Village (2020 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Confirmed via operator page: 40MW, Elk Grove Village, one of two Chicago-area campuses.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 15625000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2020",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-dfw01-plano-tx",
    "name": "STACK DFW01 (Plano)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.0136764,
      "lon": -96.6925096,
      "city": "Plano",
      "county": "Collin",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 80
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/dallas-fort-worth/",
        "label": "Dallas/Ft. Worth Hyperscale Data Center Campus — operator location page",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Operator page lists DFW01 as two operational data centers totalling 80 MW with access to more than a dozen carrier networks, plus a further 48 MW of built-to-suit expansion capacity. No street address is published on the operator page, so coordinates are a city-level geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-dfw02-lancaster-tx",
    "name": "STACK DFW02 (Lancaster)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5920798,
      "lon": -96.7561083,
      "city": "Lancaster",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/dallas-fort-worth/",
        "label": "Dallas/Ft. Worth Hyperscale Data Center Campus — operator location page",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "193-acre campus in south Dallas County, described by the operator as under development with up to 500 MW available; earlier reporting described a 220 MW first build of six 36 MW data centers across roughly 1.5 million sq ft off E Belt Line Road. Status is recorded as under construction on the strength of the operator's 'under development' framing and committed substation; treat as provisional. Coordinates are a city-level geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "Operator describes committed power from Oncor via a dedicated substation."
    },
    "landAcres": 193,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-hillsboro-or",
    "name": "STACK Hillsboro Campus",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5229,
      "lon": -122.9898,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "STACK Infrastructure project in Washington County (Hillsboro), OR, expected to deliver 75 MW by 2029",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/oregon",
        "label": "Oregon data centers",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2026/06/23/opponents-sue-to-block-17-proposed-data-centers-in-hillsboro/",
        "label": "Willamette Week",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "~75 MW STACK campus in Hillsboro, Washington County, targeted 2029. Single-tracker source → confidence reported. Distinct from STACK's Loudoun, VA campus. Coordinates are the Hillsboro area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "Advocacy groups (1000 Friends of Oregon, Oregon Education Association, Tax Fairness Oregon, Tualatin Riverkeepers) sued Hillsboro and Washington County (June 2026) to block enterprise-zone tax breaks granted to 17 proposed data centers in the jurisdiction where this campus sits; the suit does not name this project specifically.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-infrastructure-goldendale-data-center-wa",
    "name": "STACK Infrastructure Goldendale Data Center",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.8213,
      "lon": -120.8217,
      "city": "Goldendale",
      "county": "Klickitat",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 958
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/yakamas-protest-clean-energy-project-on-sacred-site",
        "label": "Yakamas protest clean energy project on sacred site to power data center",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business (via Oregon Capital Chronicle)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://morethanjustparks.com/data-center-tracker/klickitat-county-wa-data-center-wa--61a57f2b-6d60-4d2e-a38e-ee726e2a16e3",
        "label": "Klickitat County, WA Data Center (STACK Infrastructure)",
        "publisher": "More Than Just Parks Data Center Tracker",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Identified via a 2022 Puget Sound Energy interconnection filing describing a 958MW STACK data center in 'study phase,' sited on a portion of a 700-acre former aluminum smelter (ex-Lockheed Martin) near the John Day Dam. STACK has not publicly confirmed its involvement.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Yakama Nation members and environmental groups protest the adjacent Goldendale pumped-storage project on the sacred site of Pushpum, which would supply up to 80% of its output to this data center.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-nal01-new-albany-oh",
    "name": "STACK Infrastructure NAL01 (New Albany)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.07,
      "lon": -82.8,
      "city": "New Albany",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 60
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/new-albany/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure New Albany page: facility NAL01, 40 acres, 60 MW of scalability, operational",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "STACK's New Albany wholesale data center (NAL01), 40 acres, 60 MW, operational — an established site missing from the tracked New Albany operator list. Confirmed on STACK's own New Albany location page (which does not state a street address, so no street is recorded). Coordinates approximate (New Albany). County recorded as Franklin (New Albany's core incorporated county), but note the New Albany cluster straddles the Franklin/Licking line and STACK's page does not state the county.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-nova-loudoun-va",
    "name": "STACK NVA Loudoun 144MW Hyperscale Campus",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.04,
      "lon": -77.49,
      "city": "Ashburn",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 144
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "STACK announced a 122-acre, 144 MW campus near Dulles Airport (Evergreen Mills Rd), Loudoun County",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/about/news-press/press-releases/stack-infrastructure-expands-loudoun-county-footprint-with-144mw-hyperscale-campus/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure Expands Loudoun County Footprint with 144MW Hyperscale Campus",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "122-acre campus, two 72 MW buildings, near Dulles Airport / Evergreen Mills Rd. Announced Feb 2025. Distinct from Equinix's separately-branded Ashburn portfolio. Powered by an on-site substation with a 100%-renewable commitment. Coordinates are the Ashburn/Dulles area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "On-site substation; STACK commits to 100% renewable energy. Utility not named in the release."
    },
    "landAcres": 122,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-nva01a-va",
    "name": "STACK NVA01A",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.0046933,
      "lon": -77.4417399,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 17,
      "operational": 18
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/northern-virginia/nva01/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/59294476",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/59294476",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 22080 Pacific Boulevard, Sterling, Loudoun County — 17-18MW, listed on operator's own NVA01 page (site naming appears to have shortened from NVA01A to NVA01).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-phx01-avondale-az",
    "name": "STACK Infrastructure PHX01 Campus",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.418842,
      "lon": -112.357688,
      "city": "Avondale",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "3001 S Litchfield Rd",
      "postalCode": "85323",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 225
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-10",
        "note": "STACK lists PHX01 in Avondale as delivering 225 MW of critical capacity 'in the heart of the west valley'.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/phoenix/",
        "label": "Data Centers in Phoenix, Arizona — STACK Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "STACK's west-valley Phoenix campus at 3001 S Litchfield Road, Avondale. The operator states 500 MW and 155 acres across its two Phoenix campuses combined; the 225 MW here is PHX01's own stated capacity and is recorded as planned because the operator does not separate energized from designed capacity. Distinct from the tracked Prime Avondale campus — different operator and parcel. Coordinates geocoded from the cited address (Nominatim and US Census geocoder agree).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-phx02-phoenix-az",
    "name": "STACK Infrastructure PHX02 Campus",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.456212,
      "lon": -111.995301,
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "800 N 40th St",
      "postalCode": "85008",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-10",
        "note": "STACK markets PHX02 as a five-building, 51-acre central Phoenix campus designed to deliver 250 MW; datacenterHawk's listing for PHX02 Building 1 at 800 N 40th Street states the building has 'not yet been commissioned or leased'.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/phoenix/phx02/",
        "label": "PHX02 — STACK Infrastructure",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/stack-infrastructure/800-n-40th-street/phx02-building-1",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure PHX02 Building 1, 800 N 40th Street, Phoenix",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Five-building, 51-acre campus in central Phoenix near Sky Harbor. Status is under_construction rather than operational because the operator's marketing page and datacenterHawk's building listing disagree: STACK presents capacity as available, datacenterHawk records Building 1 as not yet commissioned with no leaseable power under construction. Flagged for maintainer review. Coordinates geocoded from 800 N 40th St via the US Census geocoder.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Dedicated on-site substation, per the operator."
    },
    "landAcres": 51,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-por01-or",
    "name": "STACK POR01",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5493273,
      "lon": -122.9278183,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "3145 Northeast Brookwood Parkway",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40,
      "operational": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/portland/por01/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/471691757",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/471691757",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational, 36MW expansion capacity, part of Portland's 3-campus cluster.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "landAcres": 18,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-por02-or",
    "name": "STACK POR02",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5473758,
      "lon": -122.8973869,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "8135 Northeast Evergreen Parkway",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 24
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/portland/por02/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/328702378",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/328702378",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "One of STACK's 3 confirmed operational Portland-area campuses (POR01/02/03, 250MW total).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "landAcres": 15,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-por03-or",
    "name": "STACK POR03",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5541322,
      "lon": -122.9379069,
      "city": "Hillsboro",
      "county": "Washington",
      "street": "4735 Northeast Starr Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "97124",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200,
      "operational": 72
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/portland/por03/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/899634245",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/899634245",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Kept as the canonical POR03 entry; three other OSM nodes (1243089554/5/7) are duplicate map nodes for the same campus, dropped below.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Portland General Electric (PGE)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-stafford-technology-campus-va",
    "name": "Stafford Technology Campus",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.365,
      "lon": -77.485,
      "city": "Falmouth",
      "county": "Stafford",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-09-01",
        "note": "Rezoning approved September 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.staffordcountyva.gov",
        "label": "Stafford County Zoning Reclassification case — data center",
        "publisher": "Stafford County VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/stack-plans-1gw-campus-in-stafford-county-virginia/",
        "label": "STACK plans 1GW campus in Stafford County",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/01/16/3010737/0/en/STACK-Infrastructure-Announces-Landmark-1-GW-Stafford-Technology-Campus-in-Northern-Virginia.html",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure press release (GlobeNewswire), Jan 16 2025",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fxbgadvance.com/p/stafford-supervisors-approve-stafford",
        "label": "The FXBG Advance — \"Stafford Supervisors Approve Stafford Technology Center\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "523.94 acres, up to 23 buildings, 5.8-7.9M sq ft, six 300MW substations; rezoning approved Sept 2025.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "landAcres": 500,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Stafford Board of Supervisors approved the Stafford Technology Campus 6-1; the lone dissenting supervisor cited concern that the proffers gave the project unrestricted access to county drinking water pending AWS's recycled-water system coming online.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-svy01-ca",
    "name": "STACK SVY01",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4027449,
      "lon": -121.891051,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2150 Trade Zone Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "95131",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/silicon-valley/svy01/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/8238715059",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/8238715059",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "SVY01 is STACK's 100MW, 4-building San Jose campus (buildings SVY01A-D on/near Fortune Drive & Ringwood Ave), actively expanding with a 60MW phase (DCD, 2024). Kept as canonical entry for this campus; the other 3 San Jose OSM nodes below are likely other buildings/map nodes on the same campus and are treated as duplicates absent per-building address confirmation.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-svy02-ca",
    "name": "STACK SVY02",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3619343,
      "lon": -121.9537306,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 48
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/silicon-valley/svy02/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure facility directory",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1460855151",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1460855151",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed via operator page: 48MW, Santa Clara, distinct from the San Jose SVY01 campus.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-svy03a-hayward-ca",
    "name": "STACK SVY03A",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.6281336,
      "lon": -122.1195048,
      "city": "Hayward",
      "county": "Alameda",
      "street": "26203 Production Avenue",
      "postalCode": "94545",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 67.2
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03-24",
        "note": "CEQA Mitigated Negative Declaration filed (SCH# 2025030999).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-05-22",
        "note": "Hayward Planning Commission unanimously approved Major Site Plan Review / Administrative Use Permit SPR-23-0036; no appeals filed.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "The City of Hayward's data center application register now lists STACK SVY03A (application SPR-23-0036, approved 2025-05-22) with a status of \"Under construction\", a change from the permitted state recorded at approval.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/2025030999",
        "label": "CEQAnet Mitigated Negative Declaration filing (SCH# 2025030999)",
        "publisher": "California State Clearinghouse (CEQAnet)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/stack-svy03a-data-center-campus",
        "label": "STACK SVY03A backup generating system docket (23-SPPE-01)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hayward-ca.gov/business/for-developers/data-center-development-applications",
        "label": "Data center development applications",
        "publisher": "City of Hayward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tricityvoice.com/who-approved-haywards-largest-data-center/",
        "label": "Who approved Hayward's largest data center?",
        "publisher": "Tri City Voice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opgov.news/articles/hayward-data-center-under-public-scrutiny-as-loopholes-pile-up",
        "label": "Hayward data center under public scrutiny as loopholes pile up",
        "publisher": "OpGov News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hayward-ca.gov/business/for-developers/data-center-development-applications",
        "label": "Data Center Development Applications — City of Hayward (STACK SVY03A listed as Under construction)",
        "publisher": "City of Hayward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "STACK's first tracked East Bay CA site (existing STACK entries stack-svy01-ca/San Jose and stack-svy02-ca/Santa Clara are both South Bay). 300,000 sq ft campus at Production Ave/Investment Blvd: 3-story primary data center building + 1-story secondary building, height 100ft (+8ft variance approved); site plan also shows frontage on Eden Landing Road, treated as the same 11.3-acre parcel, not a separate site. energy.onSiteGenerationMw reflects the CEC SPPE-disclosed backup-generator capacity (28 generators across two yards, docket 23-SPPE-01) - this is NOT a disclosed IT/critical-load figure; no whole-facility IT MW is publicly disclosed anywhere. The 76.6 MW figure supersedes the original CEQA filing's 67.2 MW. Jobs figures (41 permanent, ~380 construction) are single-sourced to local press (Tri City Voice; Hayward Herald ran the same underlying story). Coordinates are a geocoded street-address point, not parcel-confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 76.6,
      "notes": "76.6 MW is CEC SPPE-disclosed backup-generator capacity (docket 23-SPPE-01, 28 generators), not IT/critical load."
    },
    "landAcres": 11.3,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 380,
      "permanent": 41,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Approved via a zoning classification (Hayward Municipal Code Section 10-1.1604) that treated data centers as \"office use,\" letting the project bypass City Council-level review and go through Planning Commission alone. Council members publicly raised concerns about the project's power and water draw; the developer added a $2M Public Benefits Package (up from an initial $1.3M offer) during the approval process. This controversy is the documented precursor to Hayward's April 2026 ordinance creating a data-center-specific Major Conditional Use Permit category requiring Council-level public hearings for future data-center applications.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stack-trade-zone-park-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "STACK Trade Zone Park (SVYDC 05 / SVYDC 06)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.4028987,
      "lon": -121.8950398,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2400 Ringwood Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95131",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2023-04-12",
        "note": "CEC granted the small power plant exemption following certification of the Final EIR on 2023-03-30.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/tradezonepark",
        "label": "STACK Trade Zone Park (21-SPPE-02)",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=2400%20Ringwood%20Avenue%2C%20San%20Jose%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 2400 Ringwood Avenue, San Jose, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "At the corner of Trade Zone Boulevard and Ringwood Avenue (2400 Ringwood Avenue and 1849 Fortune Drive), San Jose — distinct from the tracked STACK Silicon Valley (SVY01/SVY02) and Hayward (SVY03A) sites. Acreage and building square footage appeared only in secondary summaries and are omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 91,
      "notes": "CEC Small Power Plant Exemption 21-SPPE-02: 39 diesel-fired generators (36 rated 3 MW and 3 rated 1 MW) arranged in two generation yards, each serving one of the two data center buildings."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stak-energy-north-slope-ak",
    "name": "Stak Energy North Slope Data Center",
    "operator": "Stak Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 69.84,
      "lon": -148.5,
      "county": "North Slope",
      "state": "AK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3000
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site natural gas generation (off-grid, new pipeline from North Slope reserves)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Alaska DNR issued preliminary best-interest finding supporting long-term state land lease for 715.4 acres; public review process initiated",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://alaskapublic.org/news/economy/energy/2026-05-26/alaskas-north-slope-proposed-as-home-for-massive-ai-data-center",
        "label": "Alaska's North Slope Proposed as Home for Massive AI Data Center",
        "publisher": "Alaska Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.adn.com/business-economy/2026/05/18/a-huge-data-center-could-rise-on-alaskas-north-slope/",
        "label": "A Huge Data Center Could Rise on Alaska's North Slope",
        "publisher": "Anchorage Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Preliminary state land lease approval covers 715.4 acres (corrected from 640; one square mile = 640 acres exactly but the approved lease footprint is 715.4 acres per Alaska Beacon). Campus is approximately 26 miles south of Deadhorse/Prudhoe Bay off the Dalton Highway (corrected from 25 miles). Supports AI training, cloud computing, and HPC. 3 GW is the project's claimed ultimate potential; $500M is Phase 1 capital. Coordinates estimated (~26 miles south of Prudhoe Bay 70.2N/148.5W); exact site not publicly disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Tdx North Slope Generating Co",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 3000,
      "notes": "New pipeline to carry North Slope natural gas to on-site power plant. Self-contained, not connected to Alaska's statewide electrical grid."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "air",
      "notes": "Arctic air cooling reduces water consumption by 90%+ compared to industry norms per company. Sub-freezing average temperatures enable free air cooling."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 500000000,
    "landAcres": 715,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "No confirmed customers or investors as of May 2026. Turbine sourcing delays (industry backlog up to 7 years) cited as major risk. Alaska-native leadership including former state DNR commissioner John Boyle. Indigenous opposition reported.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "standard-power-coshocton-oh",
    "name": "Standard Power Coshocton",
    "operator": "Standard Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2771782,
      "lon": -81.8649437,
      "city": "Coshocton",
      "county": "Coshocton",
      "street": "500 N. Fourth St.",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2021-12",
        "note": "Nuclear power supply to the Bitcoin blockchain mining center began December 2021.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/energy-harbor-partners-with-standard-power-to-provide-carbon-free-nuclear-power-to-new-ohio-bitcoin-blockchain-mining-center-301331473.html",
        "label": "Energy Harbor partners with Standard Power to provide carbon-free nuclear power to new Ohio Bitcoin blockchain mining center",
        "publisher": "Energy Harbor / PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://frontier-companies.com/coshoctons-standard-power-center-powers-blockchain-mining-for-ohio/",
        "label": "Coshocton's Standard Power center powers blockchain mining for Ohio",
        "publisher": "Frontier Group of Companies (reprint of Coshocton Tribune reporting)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "Converted from the former WestRock paper mill, which closed in 2015. Coordinates are a street-level geocode of the published address.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Energy Harbor",
      "notes": "Five-year agreement announced 2021 for Energy Harbor to supply carbon-free nuclear electricity to the site beginning December 2021; Standard Power stated 100% of the power associated with the facility is carbon-free."
    },
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "hardwareType": "asic",
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "stantec-randee-howell-township-mi",
    "name": "Howell Township Hyperscale Data Center",
    "operator": "Stantec Consulting Michigan / Randee LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6317633,
      "lon": -83.9932682,
      "city": "Howell",
      "county": "Livingston",
      "street": "Grand River Avenue, north of I-96",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Planning commission voted against recommending the conditional rezoning.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Applicants withdrew the conditional rezoning request on 2025-12-08, saying they would honour the township's moratorium. Township officials indicated the developers may resubmit once the moratorium ends.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/billion-dollar-data-center-paused/",
        "label": "Data center developers hit pause on $1 billion Howell Township proposal: 'The right thing to do now'",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "1,077 acres of largely agricultural land north of I-96 in Howell Township. Status 'cancelled' reflects the WITHDRAWN application, not confirmed abandonment — the source explicitly reports the developers may resubmit after the moratorium. END USER: Planet Detroit does NOT name the end user; the Gander Newsroom tracker labels the project 'Meta-linked developers' and other coverage has reported Meta as the hyperscaler behind it, but no source fetched in this run confirms Meta, so the operator field records only the named applicants (Stantec Consulting Michigan Inc. and Randee LLC). The landowner is the Van Gilder family. CONFIRMED ABSENCES: no megawatt capacity, water figure, or job count is stated in either source. Coordinates are Nominatim's match for Grand River Avenue in Howell Township, the road the source names as bisecting the site; the parcel boundary is not confirmed.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 1077,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The Howell Township Planning Commission voted against recommending the rezoning after a seven-hour meeting on 2025-09-23; the Livingston County Planning Commission voted against the project on 2025-11-19; the township board passed a six-month data-center moratorium on 2025-11-20. A grassroots residents' group organised specifically to stop the rezoning of the 1,077 acres on both sides of Grand River Avenue, citing energy, water, environmental and procedural concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "star-light-energy-center-valencia-county-nm",
    "name": "Star Light Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.8062,
      "lon": -106.7334,
      "city": "Los Lunas",
      "county": "Valencia",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-04",
        "note": "PNM asked the NMPRC to approve the 20-year offtake agreement, seeking a decision before December 31, 2025. No NMPRC final decision was located in this session, so the status reflects only what the cited source supports.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/new-mexico-utility-seeks-approval-of-hybrid-bess-offtake-contracts-to-power-meta-data-centres/",
        "label": "New Mexico utility seeks approval of hybrid BESS offtake contracts to power Meta data centres",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Status is deliberately conservative: the cited source dates from July 2025 and records only that PNM was seeking approval. A maintainer should refresh against the NMPRC docket before publishing, since the December 2026 target COD implies the project has likely advanced. Coordinate is a Los Lunas locality approximation, set apart from the Sky Ranch anchor so the two Valencia County sites do not share a pin.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "100 MW of solar with a 100 MW / 400 MWh battery system under a 20-year agreement with PNM, priced at $35.87/MWh for solar and $19.32/MWh for storage, targeting a December 1, 2026 commercial operation date."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-los-lunas-ai-nm"
      ],
      "notes": "One of three hybrid solar-plus-storage contracts PNM sought to add to its existing agreement with Meta to serve the expanding load of the Los Lunas data center buildings."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "stargate-abilene-tx",
    "name": "Stargate Abilene",
    "operator": "OpenAI / Oracle / Crusoe",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.4487,
      "lon": -99.7331,
      "city": "Abilene",
      "county": "Taylor",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (AEP Texas)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-21",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-21",
        "note": "Announced as flagship Stargate campus at White House event; $500B national AI infrastructure commitment",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Ground broken; Crusoe providing infrastructure; ~4 of 8 buildings reported operational by late 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-08",
        "note": "Buildings 1-4 of the 8-building campus are confirmed operational (509k H100-equivalents, 421 MW IT power) and running OpenAI training/inference on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure as of 2026-07-28; buildings 5-8 are structurally complete but not yet confirmed operational.",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/announcing-the-stargate-project/",
        "label": "Announcing the Stargate Project — OpenAI",
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_LLC",
        "label": "Stargate LLC — Wikipedia",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand",
        "label": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand — Epoch AI",
        "publisher": "Epoch AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://measuredai.substack.com/p/stargate-site-by-site-status",
        "label": "Stargate Data Centers Site-by-Site: Status, Dependencies, and What to Watch",
        "publisher": "Measured AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://texasstandard.org/stories/stargate-data-center-abilene-texas-construction-ai-artificial-intelligence/",
        "label": "Stargate data center poised to complete construction this year in Abilene",
        "publisher": "Texas Standard",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://epochai.substack.com/p/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites",
        "label": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand",
        "publisher": "Epoch AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/taylor-county-residents-raise-concerns-on-lancium-tax-breaks-at-commissioners-meeting",
        "label": "Taylor County residents raise concerns on tax breaks at commissioners meeting",
        "publisher": "KTXS News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-abilene",
        "label": "OpenAI Stargate Abilene | AI Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Epoch AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "AEP Texas",
      "notes": "Epoch AI: power currently supplied by a mix of on-site natural gas and grid power within AEP's service territory; operator has cited plans for on-site and regional green generation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Direct-to-chip liquid cooling with a zero-water-evaporation closed-loop system (per Measured AI, ~12,625 gallons per building per year). Mayor stated the facility would use less than 1% of Abilene's daily water. reportedMgd omitted — only per-building annual volume disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "85% property tax abatement (10-year reinvestment-zone agreement)",
        "jurisdiction": "City of Abilene, Texas",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "85% property tax abatement (10-year reinvestment-zone agreement)",
        "jurisdiction": "Taylor County, Texas",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3500000000,
    "landAcres": 800,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Abilene City Council unanimously approved the abatement; Taylor County sought additional citizen input before finalizing. Residents raised concerns about energy reliability and possible groundwater contamination, and an opposition group (saveabilene.com) formed, alongside broad local economic support. The abatement contractually requires 357 permanent jobs at a minimum $57,600 salary.",
      "sourceIndex": 6
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stargate-lordstown-oh",
    "name": "Stargate Lordstown Campus",
    "operator": "OpenAI / SoftBank / Oracle",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.1745,
      "lon": -80.8534,
      "city": "Lordstown",
      "county": "Trumbull",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site natural gas generators",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-23",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-23",
        "note": "One of five new Stargate sites; SoftBank investing $3B to convert former GM EV plant into modular AI data center factory",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Ground broken; using former Lordstown Motors / GM assembly plant; modular prefab data center approach",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/",
        "label": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites — OpenAI",
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfmj.com/story/53109325/lordstown-part-of-mammoth-dollar500-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center-project",
        "label": "Lordstown part of $500B AI data center project — WFMJ",
        "publisher": "WFMJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/documents-shed-light-on-potential-expansion-at-foxconns-lordstown-plant/",
        "label": "Documents Shed Light on Potential Expansion at Foxconn's Lordstown Plant",
        "publisher": "Business Journal Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/business/2026/01/positive-economic-news-bolsters-valley-in-2025/",
        "label": "Positive economic news bolsters Valley in 2025",
        "publisher": "Tribune Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/machine-learning/article/55319132/scaling-stargate-openais-five-new-us-data-centers-push-toward-10-gw-ai-infrastructure",
        "label": "Scaling Stargate: OpenAI's five new US data centers",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfmj.com/archives/data-center-to-occupy-small-part-of-lordstown-ai-hub-feature-advanced-design/article_533f268a-ec1d-5378-9ccb-ceec7d6d343e.html",
        "label": "Data center to occupy 'small part' of Lordstown AI hub; 'advanced' design",
        "publisher": "WFMJ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://signalohio.org/ohio-committed-at-least-2-3-billion-dollars-in-sales-tax-breaks-for-data-centers/",
        "label": "Ohio committed at least $2.3B in data-center sales-tax breaks",
        "publisher": "Signal Ohio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-05",
    "notes": "Planned 1,500 MW is a long-term campus ceiling, not a near-term operational figure: a SoftBank spokesperson said the initial SoftBank/OpenAI data center uses \"a small part\" of the 6.2M-sq-ft site, which also hosts a Foxconn/SoftBank hub manufacturing modular data-center equipment. Crescent Dune LLC (a SoftBank affiliate) acquired the site from Foxconn for $375M (Sept 2025, Trumbull County Auditor). SoftBank's \"up to $3 billion\" is a ceiling covering both manufacturing and the data center — no data-center-only investment figure is confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "FirstEnergy (Ohio Edison)",
      "notes": "Lordstown sits in FirstEnergy/Ohio Edison territory (eastern PJM); sources cite \"affordable electricity from FirstEnergy and American Electric Power\" and FirstEnergy's high-voltage transmission. FirstEnergy completed a $30M grid upgrade (2019–2022) anticipating large industrial load. DISCREPANCY: the existing poweredBy field says \"on-site natural gas generators\" (the adjacent independently-owned Lordstown Energy Center is a separate gas plant); on-site generation for the data center is not confirmed in site-specific filings. The 1,500 MW figure is a long-term campus ceiling — the initial data center uses \"a small part\" of the footprint."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "SoftBank spokesperson: \"The Lordstown site will also use a closed-loop cooling system that is designed to reduce water consumption.\" Oracle co-CEO Clay Magouyrk (via AP): \"These data centers are designed to not use water.\" No site-specific MGD figure published."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Ohio data-center sales-tax exemption (ORC §122.175, via JobsOhio / Ohio Tax Credit Authority) — statutory program; no OTCA approval confirmed for the Crescent Dune LLC / SoftBank / OpenAI site, and a moratorium on new data-center exemptions was in effect (2025–2026)",
        "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
        "sourceIndex": 6
      }
    ],
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Local officials and the Youngstown/Warren Regional Chamber described the SoftBank acquisition and Stargate/Foxconn manufacturing partnership as a 'transformational investment.' (A separate Lordstown data-center moratorium and lawsuit involved an unrelated developer, not this SoftBank/Foxconn site.)",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stargate-milam-county-tx",
    "name": "Stargate Milam County Campus",
    "operator": "OpenAI / SoftBank (SB Energy)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.852,
      "lon": -96.972,
      "county": "Milam",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site natural gas microgrid",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-23",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-23",
        "note": "One of five new Stargate sites announced; SB Energy providing powered infrastructure on 595-acre site ~70 miles NE of Austin",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Steel framing and roofing visible in satellite imagery; first building delivery targeted October 2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand",
        "label": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand — Epoch AI",
        "publisher": "Epoch AI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/",
        "label": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites — OpenAI",
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/softbanks-sb-energy-to-build-and-operate-openais-12gw-stargate-data-center-in-milam-county-texas/",
        "label": "SB Energy to build and operate OpenAI's 1.2GW Stargate data center in Milam County, Texas — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/openai-stargates-milam-texas-freebird-data-center-to-span-548950-sq-ft-in-first-phase/",
        "label": "OpenAI Stargate's Milam 'Freebird' data center to span 548,950 sq ft in first phase ($470M) — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://therealdeal.com/texas/austin/2025/06/10/softbank-groups-sb-energy-plans-3-billion-texas-data-center/",
        "label": "SoftBank's SB Energy plans $3 billion Texas data center — The Real Deal",
        "publisher": "The Real Deal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "ERCOT",
      "notes": "SB Energy (SoftBank) is to fund and build new on-site solar generation and storage to supply the majority of the campus's power, adjacent to its operational Orion Solar Belt (900+ MW) in Milam County; no on-site gas is confirmed for this site. SoftBank and OpenAI are each investing $500M in SB Energy. Planned campus capacity is 1.2 GW."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "SB Energy states the facility uses a closed-loop water-cooling system 'designed to minimize water usage'; no permitted volume (MGD) is disclosed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 470000000,
    "landAcres": 595,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "The site is the former Alcoa Sandow aluminum smelter (which shed ~2,000 jobs when it closed around 2008), and county officials welcome the tax base while acknowledging the campus will provide few long-term jobs. Milam County approved a reinvestment zone but said it would not consider a tax-abatement package until a tenant is signed. First-phase construction cost is put at ~$470M in a state permit filing; a larger multi-billion full-campus figure has been reported.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stargate-port-washington-wi",
    "name": "Stargate Lighthouse Campus",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.3882,
      "lon": -87.8753,
      "city": "Port Washington",
      "county": "Ozaukee",
      "street": "Between I-43, Dixie Road, and the Ozaukee Interurban Trail, north of the city of Port Washington",
      "postalCode": "53074",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 902
    },
    "poweredBy": "70% renewable (solar + wind + battery) + grid",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Announced as Stargate Wisconsin site; $15B, 4-building campus on 674 acres north of Milwaukee",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Ground broken; foundation work visible in satellite imagery; Phase 1 ($8B) targeted 2028",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/openai-oracle-and-vantage-data-centers-announce-stargate-data-center-site-in-wisconsin/",
        "label": "OpenAI, Oracle, and Vantage Data Centers Announce Stargate Site in Wisconsin — Vantage",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/vantage-breaks-ground-on-15b-stargate-campus-in-wisconsin",
        "label": "Vantage Breaks Ground on $15B Stargate Campus in Wisconsin — Data Center Knowledge",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/stargate-openai-oracle-vantage-data-center-wisconsin/808437/",
        "label": "$15B Stargate data center breaks ground in Wisconsin",
        "publisher": "Construction Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/04/port-washington-data-center-project-voters-referendum-tif-district-wisconsin/",
        "label": "Did Port Washington voters stop a $458 million data center project?",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/port-washington-referendum-concerns-data-center-project",
        "label": "Port Washington voters pass referendum fueled by concerns about data center project",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://biztimes.com/groundbreaking-held-as-construction-begins-on-15b-port-washington-data-center/",
        "label": "Groundbreaking held as construction begins on $15 billion Port Washington data center",
        "publisher": "BizTimes Milwaukee",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/data-center-port-washington-cloverleaf-infrastructure",
        "label": "Large data center may be coming to Port Washington",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailyreporter.com/2026/06/24/oracle-sues-wisconsin-public-service-commission-data-center-rules/",
        "label": "Tech giant sues Wisconsin regulator over data center restrictions",
        "publisher": "The Daily Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/lawsuit-wisconsin-dnr-environmental-review-port-washington-data-centers",
        "label": "Groups sue Wisconsin DNR over environmental review of Port Washington data centers",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/FAQS/ExemptionforQualifiedDataCenter.aspx",
        "label": "DOR Qualified Data Center Exemption — Oracle America Cloud Services LLC (formerly Green Chile Ventures, LLC), Port Washington, WI: \"Four data center buildings at 531, 533, 701, and 723 E. Lake Drive\", certified 10/31/2025",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Revenue",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=E+Lake+Drive%2C+Port+Washington%2C+Ozaukee+County%2C+Wisconsin&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of Lake Drive, Town of Port Washington, Ozaukee County, WI 53074 (postal code provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "We Energies (WEC Energy Group)",
      "notes": "Vantage commits to '100% Matched Zero-Emission Energy' via solar, wind, and battery storage; the four buildings need ~1.3 GW, served under a dedicated We Energies rate with Vantage underwriting the power infrastructure. A $1.4B transmission line was proposed by American Transmission Co."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop liquid cooling using minimal water; Vantage commits to 'water positivity,' restoring more water than the campus consumes."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Tax Incremental District No. 5 (TID 5; ~$458.6M projected expenditure, mostly developer-reimbursement)",
        "amountUsd": 458000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Port Washington, Wisconsin",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 15000000000,
    "landAcres": 672,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 4000,
      "permanent": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "An April 2026 referendum passed (~66%) requiring voter approval for future TIDs over $10M; Marquette polling found ~70% believe data-center costs outweigh benefits (the biggest sentiment shift in 14 years of polling); Great Lakes Neighbors United sued over the TID's legality. The existing TID 5 stands.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stargate-project-jupiter-dona-ana-nm",
    "name": "Stargate Project Jupiter",
    "operator": "OpenAI / Oracle / STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.8636,
      "lon": -106.6895,
      "city": "Santa Teresa",
      "county": "Dona Ana",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site natural gas microgrid",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-23",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09-23",
        "note": "Doña Ana County Board approved $165B in Industrial Revenue Bonds; 1,400 acres near US-Mexico border; two natural gas microgrids planned",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Foundation work confirmed via satellite imagery; estimated operational end of 2026; two lawsuits filed challenging bond approval",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://elpasomatters.org/2025/09/25/stargate-open-ai-oracle-project-jupiter-data-center-dona-ana-new-mexico-el-paso-texas/",
        "label": "New Mexico's Project Jupiter data center part of larger Stargate AI initiative — El Paso Matters",
        "publisher": "El Paso Matters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/groups-sue-to-stall-data-center-project-in-do%C3%B1a-ana-county-new-mexico/",
        "label": "Groups sue to stall data center project in Doña Ana County, New Mexico — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://truthout.org/articles/secretive-new-mexico-data-center-plan-races-forward-despite-community-pushback/",
        "label": "Secretive New Mexico Data Center Plan Races Forward Despite Community Pushback",
        "publisher": "Truthout",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/doa-na-countys-project-jupiter-joins-500-billion-stargate-initiative-led-by-openai-oracle/493927",
        "label": "Doña Ana County's Project Jupiter joins $500 billion Stargate initiative",
        "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/oracle-borderplex-and-bloom-energy-to-power-project-jupiter-with-fuel-cell-technology-2026-04-27/",
        "label": "Oracle, BorderPlex, and Bloom Energy to Power Project Jupiter with Cleaner, Water-Efficient Fuel Cell Technology",
        "publisher": "Oracle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/04/27/nm-project-jupiter-data-center-developers-announce-new-plans-for-generating-power/",
        "label": "NM Project Jupiter data center developers announce new plans for generating power",
        "publisher": "Source New Mexico",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/project-jupiter-developers-overhaul-data-centers-power-plan/article_d7bb0388-8382-4993-b1db-073d148379ac.html",
        "label": "Project Jupiter developers overhaul data center's power plan",
        "publisher": "Santa Fe New Mexican",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-03",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "El Paso Electric",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 2450,
      "notes": "Two simple-cycle natural gas microgrids (700-900 MW range per permit filings), independent of the El Paso Electric grid; NM Environment Dept weighing air-quality permits. Developer commits to 100% carbon-free energy by 2045 via solar and battery storage."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.02,
      "notes": "Closed-loop recycling: 20,000 gpd daily average (0.02 MGD), 60,000 gpd maximum, plus a one-time ~10M-gallon initial fill over two years; water via Camino Real Regional Utility Authority. Truthout notes hyperscale closed-loop cooling is not yet proven at a fully operational facility."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Industrial Revenue Bonds (property and gross-receipts tax abatement; bond authorization up to $165B over 30 years)",
        "jurisdiction": "Doña Ana County, New Mexico",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 50000000000,
    "landAcres": 1400,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2500,
      "permanent": 750,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The NM Environmental Law Center sued the Doña Ana County Commission over the incentive approval; Sunland Park City Council asked for a postponement; the commission approved 4-1 amid audience opposition. Concerns center on water use in an arid region, air quality from the gas microgrids, and the speed and opacity of approvals. Investment is $50B over 5 years (up to $165B over 30 years).",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stargate-saline-township-mi",
    "name": "Stargate The Barn Campus",
    "operator": "OpenAI / Oracle / Related Digital",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.174,
      "lon": -83.8063,
      "city": "Saline Township",
      "county": "Washtenaw",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1400
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (100% utility costs paid by Oracle)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10",
        "note": "$16B campus on 250 acres SW of Ann Arbor; township initially voted against rezoning; resolved via lawsuit settlement",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-01",
        "note": "Official groundbreaking with Gov. Whitmer; 3 buildings of 550,000 sq ft each; Oracle, OpenAI, Related Digital; first steel beams installed March 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/oracle-and-openai-start-construction-on-stargate-data-center-campus-in-saline-township-michigan/",
        "label": "Oracle and OpenAI start construction on Stargate campus in Saline Township, Michigan — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/01/stargate-project-michigan-live-updates.html",
        "label": "Stargate updates: OpenAI, Oracle building Michigan data center — CNBC",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.related-digital.com/news/openai-oracle-and-related-digital-announce-stargate-data-center-site-in-michigan",
        "label": "OpenAI, Oracle, and Related Digital Announce Stargate Data Center Site in Michigan",
        "publisher": "Related Digital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/openai-oracle-and-related-digital-announce-stargate-data-center-site-in-michigan-302600302.html",
        "label": "OpenAI, Oracle, and Related Digital Announce Stargate Data Center Site in Michigan (PR Newswire)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/06/ai-data-center-michigan-saline-politics-farmland/",
        "label": "A Michigan farm town voted down a giant OpenAI-Oracle data center. Weeks later, construction began",
        "publisher": "Fortune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.related.com/press-releases/2025-10-30/openai-oracle-and-related-digital-announce-stargate-data-center-site",
        "label": "OpenAI, Oracle and Related Digital announce Stargate data center site in Michigan",
        "publisher": "Related Companies",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cubofmichigan.org/blog/mpsc-grants-expedited-approval-for-dte-contracts-with-hyperscale-data-center/",
        "label": "MPSC grants expedited approval for DTE contracts with hyperscale data center (Case U-21990)",
        "publisher": "Citizens Utility Board of Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://adms.apps.lara.state.mi.us/Mpsc/ViewCommissionOrderDocument/27397",
        "label": "MPSC order, Case No. U-21990 — DTE Electric primary supply agreement and energy storage agreement with Green Chile Ventures LLC (a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation)",
        "publisher": "Michigan Public Service Commission (LARA e-docket)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Status re-check, NO change: independently confirmed 'under_construction' - the Michigan Data Center Tracker (baldorilaw.com/resources/michigan-data-center-tracker, retrieved 2026-09-09) lists 'The Barn' campus in Saline Township as 'Under construction · 2026-04', matching the record. subsidies left empty: no site-specific incentive award was found in any fetched source; Michigan's 2024 statutory data center sales/use tax exemptions may apply but no fetched page ties an award to this site, and the MPSC conditions are ratepayer protections, not subsidies.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "DTE Energy",
      "notes": "DTE Energy supplies 100% of power using existing resources augmented by a new battery-storage investment financed entirely by the project, so as not to affect other DTE customers' supply or rates (per Related Digital and MPSC review)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling system that, per Related Digital, limits daily water use to levels comparable to an office building."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 16000000000,
    "landAcres": 250,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2500,
      "permanent": 450,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The Saline Township board voted 4-1 to deny the rezoning (Sept 2025); Related Digital sued two days later and a court-approved settlement allowed construction to proceed with ~$14M in community benefits. A resident later filed an Open Meetings Act challenge. At least 19 Michigan municipalities enacted data-center moratoriums afterward.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "starkville-industrial-park-road-crypto-mine-ms",
    "name": "Starkville Industrial Park Road Cryptocurrency Mining Facility",
    "operator": "Undisclosed",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4385866,
      "lon": -88.8363381,
      "city": "Starkville",
      "county": "Oktibbeha",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 30
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-16",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-14",
        "note": "Proposal for a 30 MW facility next to a Starkville Utilities substation on Industrial Park Road remained under review, with plans expected before the board as soon as August 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtva.com/2026/07/15/proposed-cryptocurrency-mining-facility-under-review-starkville/",
        "label": "Proposed cryptocurrency mining facility under review in Starkville",
        "publisher": "WTVA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cryptobriefing.com/bitcoin-mine-mississippi-starkville-energy-bills/",
        "label": "New Bitcoin mine proposed in Mississippi could lower energy bills, but the math is murky",
        "publisher": "Crypto Briefing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Would draw up to 30 MW continuously and become Starkville Utilities' second-largest electrical customer behind Mississippi State University. The $10 million figure is how Mayor Spruill characterised the investment; no operator has been named in either source read, so operator is recorded as undisclosed. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap geocode of Industrial Park Road, Starkville — the road named as the site, not a parcel point. No confirmed approval had been issued as of the latest reporting read.",
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.02,
      "notes": "Proposal calls for up to 20,000 gallons of water per day, used primarily for cooling the hardware (0.02 MGD)."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 10000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Mayor Lynn Spruill supports the project, citing roughly $1 million in annual revenue for the electric department to offset rate increases. Vice Mayor Roy A. Perkins said 'if I see any type of impact, I'm not going to vote for it'; a local business owner said 'it's going to gobble up electricity ... I'm not a fan of it.' Residents raised noise and environmental concerns, and a Change.org petition launched June 18, 2026 urged the city to block the development.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "starwood-digital-project-washington-de",
    "name": "Project Washington (Starwood Digital Ventures)",
    "operator": "Starwood Digital Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.578,
      "lon": -75.593,
      "city": "Delaware City",
      "county": "New Castle",
      "state": "DE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Starwood Digital proposed 11-building, 1.2 GW hyperscale campus on 580 acres adjacent to former Delaware City Refinery land (Hamburg Road/River Road/Governor Lea Road).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spotlightdelaware.org/2026/02/04/delaware-city-data-center-faces-major-setback-after-environmental-denial/",
        "label": "Delaware City data center faces major setback after environmental denial",
        "publisher": "Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.delawarepublic.org/politics-government/2026-03-24/starwood-digital-ventures-makes-its-case-to-overturn-coastal-zone-ruling-against-its-data-center-plan",
        "label": "Starwood Digital Ventures makes its case to overturn Coastal Zone ruling against its data center plan",
        "publisher": "Delaware Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dnrec.delaware.gov/public-notices/cce20260043/",
        "label": "DNREC Coastal Zone Status Decision — Starwood Digital Ventures (CZA-448SD)",
        "publisher": "Delaware DNREC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spotlightdelaware.org/2026/03/26/delaware-city-data-center-environmental-denial-upheld-by-state-board/",
        "label": "Delaware City data center environmental denial upheld by state board",
        "publisher": "Spotlight Delaware",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/starwood-files-to-develop-12gw-11-building-data-center-campus-in-delaware/",
        "label": "Starwood files to develop 1.2GW, 11-building data center campus in Delaware",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/data-centers-water-usage/",
        "label": "Proposed Delaware City data center could use between 10 to 20 million gallons of water a year",
        "publisher": "WHYY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Largest proposed data center in Delaware history. 11 two-story buildings, 5 substations, 1 switch station, 516 emergency diesel generators on 580 acres. CZA permit denied February 4, 2026; denial unanimously upheld by Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board March 26, 2026. Appeal to Delaware Superior Court anticipated. Delaware Building Trades Council exclusive union labor agreement in place. Original $9.7B investment figure removed — not confirmed in any cited source. Coordinates approximate for Delaware City area.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Delmarva Power & Light",
      "notes": "Primary supply from the PJM grid via Delmarva Power & Light's Red Lion substation. The project's 516 on-site diesel generators are emergency backup, not primary generation; no on-site gas generation is proposed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Starwood states the campus would use about 12.7 million gallons of water per year at full build-out, with a one-time ~600,000-gallon fill for its closed-loop cooling system; the regulatory filing cited a broader range of roughly 9.9-20 million gallons/year, and reviewers questioned whether that is low for a 1.2 GW campus."
    },
    "landAcres": 580,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 3500,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "DNREC Secretary denied Coastal Zone Act permit February 4, 2026 citing 516 backup diesel generators and 2.5 million gallons of stored diesel as unprecedented heavy industrial use under Delaware's 1971 Coastal Zone Act. Starwood appealed to Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board; hearing held March 24-26, 2026. Board UNANIMOUSLY UPHELD the denial March 26, 2026. Starwood expected to appeal to Delaware Superior Court and potentially Delaware Supreme Court; full resolution estimated 18 months to three years. First major CZA denial for a project of this scale in Delaware history. New Castle County legislators exploring new data center zoning category.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "starwood-tamarack-west-columbia-mason-wv",
    "name": "Project Tamarack",
    "operator": "Starwood Digital Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9831343,
      "lon": -82.0634753,
      "city": "West Columbia",
      "county": "Mason",
      "state": "WV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2160
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wdtv.com/2026/09/03/starwood-digital-ventures-announces-data-center-mason-county/",
        "label": "Starwood Digital Ventures announces data center for Mason County",
        "publisher": "WDTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsaz.com/2026/09/04/total-shocker-residents-react-second-data-center-coming-mason-county/",
        "label": "'Total shocker': Residents react to second data center coming to Mason County",
        "publisher": "WSAZ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/business/morrisey-hails-state-certifications-for-two-mason-county-data-center-projects/article_924875e0-77b4-45ab-9115-2ff4b193a6ae.html",
        "label": "West Virginia certifies two data centers in Mason County — Project Tamarack \"roughly 2.16 gigawatts of power\", \"advanced cooling systems designed to limit water consumption\"",
        "publisher": "The Herald-Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/second-certified-data-center-announced-for-mason-county/",
        "label": "Second Certified Data Center Announced For Mason County — Tamarack closed-loop cooling to minimize water use",
        "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Announced 2026-09-03 by Gov. Morrisey as a separate, distinct project from Nscale's Monarch Compute Campus (also Mason County, ~20 min drive south near Point Pleasant). Governor's office figure of 'approximately 2.16 gigawatts' converted directly to MW (2,160) -- exact stated figure, not a rounded estimate. Project details at projecttamarack.com (not independently fetched this run).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Appalachian Power",
      "notes": "Reported to use existing Appalachian Power grid infrastructure rather than dedicated on-site generation, unlike the nearby Nscale/Monarch project."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a closed-loop cooling system intended to limit water consumption."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 12000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Announced 2026-09-03 as a High Impact Data Center certification, ~10 miles from Nscale's existing Monarch project. Local advocacy group Mason County United (Elaine Matheny): 'It was a total, total shocker' -- 'we never dreamed that one would already have the [High-Impact Data Center] designation' before the public knew. Resident Sandra Kapp welcomed the growth/income but said 'I don't know what the adverse effects of that's going to be down the road for our children'; resident Jacob Hatcher was more concerned about land loss than the jobs tradeoff. The Mason County Commission sent a letter requesting amendments to HB 2014 to allow greater local control over data-center siting. No vote, formal hearing, or litigation documented as of 2026-09-04, so classified mixed rather than contested.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "state-of-ohio-computer-center-columbus-oh",
    "name": "State of Ohio Computer Center (SOCC)",
    "operator": "State of Ohio",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.0057597,
      "lon": -83.0446845,
      "city": "Columbus",
      "county": "Franklin",
      "postalCode": "43221",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.osc.edu/about/visitOSC",
        "label": "Visit the Ohio Supercomputer Center — SOCC facility description",
        "publisher": "Ohio Supercomputer Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "360,000 sq ft total with 225,000 sq ft of raised-floor computer room, shared by multiple Ohio government agencies on the west end of the Ohio State University campus. The Ohio Supercomputer Center occupies roughly 10,000 sq ft with about 1,200 kW of usable power — that is OSC's allocation, not the building's total, so capacityMw is omitted. Street address was not on the cited page; coordinates are an approximate geocode consistent with the cited 'west end of the OSU campus'.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "steele-flats-energy-storage-jefferson-ne",
    "name": "Steele Flats Energy Storage",
    "operator": "Steele Flats Energy Storage, LLC",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.051306,
      "lon": -96.95178,
      "county": "Jefferson",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "EIA-860M records the project as more than 50 percent complete, with December 2026 planned operation.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/xls/july_generator2026.xlsx",
        "label": "Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M), July 2026 — Planned sheet, Nebraska rows",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Single-source record from the federal generator inventory; no developer announcement, offtaker, or storage duration (MWh) was retrieved, so none is asserted. Nebraska's first utility-scale standalone battery in the dataset.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "battery",
      "notes": "EIA-860M's July 2026 planned inventory lists generator SFES at 50 MW nameplate, technology \"Batteries,\" with a December 2026 planned operation date and status \"(V) Under construction, more than 50 percent complete.\" The site shares a name with the existing Steele Flats Wind Energy Center in Jefferson and Gage counties."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "stem-practice-sycamore-view-memphis-tn",
    "name": "The STEM Practice Sycamore View AI Data Center",
    "operator": "Golden Acquisitions / The STEM Practice",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.161633,
      "lon": -89.85969,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "1341 Sycamore View Road",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/01/14/another-ai-data-center-coming-memphis-sources-say/",
        "label": "Another AI data center coming to Memphis, sources say",
        "publisher": "Action News 5 (WMC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Reported 2026-01-13: 'Nate Golden of Golden Acquisitions' is purchasing the building at 1341 Sycamore View and working with The STEM Practice, described as 'a tech company that works with Oracle,' to build a modular AI data center ('will be modular instead' of a hyperscale build like xAI's Colossus). Timeline per the source: 'the plan is to have part of the data center running by May 1.' A secondary aggregator (datacentermap.com, rate-limited/not independently fetched this run) reports ~9MW at full build-out, 38,500 sq ft across a 4-story redevelopment on a 1.5-acre parcel, and states this is one of four planned STEM Practice sites in Tennessee -- those figures and the multi-site claim are omitted pending a directly-fetched primary source. Coordinates are an OSM-mapped building way at the exact street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stillwater-lovejoy-panhandle-road-clayton-ga",
    "name": "Lovejoy Data Center Campus (Stillwater Development)",
    "operator": "Stillwater Development",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4516522,
      "lon": -84.343564,
      "city": "Lovejoy",
      "county": "Clayton",
      "street": "11760 Panhandle Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Stillwater Development filed plans for a 3.5 million sq ft, 15-building campus at 11760 Panhandle Road in Lovejoy.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-06",
        "note": "The proposal was formally withdrawn at a Lovejoy city council meeting; the mayor indicated the developers intend to pursue residential development for the site instead.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/07/proposal-clayton-county-data-center-withdrawn/",
        "label": "Proposal for Clayton County data center withdrawn",
        "publisher": "Atlanta News First",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Fifteen buildings totalling 3.5 million sq ft with 1.25 GW at full build-out, reviewed through the Developments of Regional Impact process before withdrawal. Coordinates come from the geocoded Panhandle Road address and are approximate.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Opposition centred on proximity to Michelle Obama STEM Elementary Academy, Eddie White Middle School and New Hope Methodist Church, and on Panhandle Road school traffic cited in the city's own DRI comments.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stonebridge-fort-meade-fl",
    "name": "Florida Ecopark AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Stonebridge (via Florida Ecopark LLC; end tenant undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.7525,
      "lon": -81.8024,
      "city": "Fort Meade",
      "county": "Polk",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Stonebridge/Florida Ecopark LLC proposed development on 1,300-acre former phosphate mine; data center footprint 200 acres"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-08",
        "note": "Fort Meade Planning Commission voted unanimously to recommend approval of 20-year development agreement",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-15",
        "note": "Fort Meade City Commission approved 20-year development agreement despite near-unanimous public opposition; outstanding water use and grid interconnection permits required before construction can proceed",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-17",
        "note": "Florida Commerce Secretary Alex Kelly called project fundamentally flawed over water, energy, and transportation risks in letter to Fort Meade",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wusf.org/environment/2026-04-08/fort-meade-is-one-step-closer-to-building-floridas-first-hysperscale-ai-data-center",
        "label": "Fort Meade is one step closer to building Florida's first hyperscale AI data center",
        "publisher": "WUSF",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2026/04/16/florida-data-center-fort-meade-desantis-utilities-water-ai/",
        "label": "DeSantis admin hits Florida city over hyperscale data center proposal",
        "publisher": "Tampa Bay Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/florida-secretary-commerce-concerns-fort-meade-data-center-plan",
        "label": "Florida secretary of commerce raises concerns over $2.6B Fort Meade data center plan",
        "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://propmodo.com/florida-data-center-plan-advances-amid-local-backlash/",
        "label": "Florida Data Center Plan Advances Amid Local Backlash",
        "publisher": "Propmodo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "1,300-acre former phosphate mine site; 200-acre data center footprint. 20-year development agreement approved by Fort Meade City Commission approximately April 15, 2026. Requires 1.2 GW of electricity. No identified lessee or buyer publicly disclosed. Water use reduced in plans from 140,000 to 50,000 gallons daily; Southwest Florida Water Management District approval pending separately. Florida SB 484 signed May 2026 added new state-level data center siting requirements. Coordinates are Fort Meade city centroid; actual site is former phosphate mine outside city limits. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status unchanged at 'proposed'. The 20-year development agreement was unanimously approved by Fort Meade commissioners (2026-04-15), but two resident lawsuits filed 2026-05-14 seek to void that approval and block construction-permit issuance (trial scheduled November 2027), and a recall effort against three commissioners is itself now in litigation (Commissioner Matthew Taylor sued 2026-09-09 to stop the recall). No groundbreaking reported. Exact street address still not found in public reporting (site described only as 'west of US-98' on former phosphate-mine land) - missing:address could not be filled this pass.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy Florida",
      "notes": "Expected to be powered by Duke Energy (near its Hines Energy Complex); Fort Meade residents currently receive power through the Florida Municipal Power Agency. No on-site generation reported."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Stonebridge states it will use a closed-loop system to recycle cooling water; the City of Fort Meade reserved 50,000 gallons/day of potable water for the project (down from an original 150,000-gallon request), which the developer says serves restrooms and kitchens rather than cooling. Residents raised concerns that actual demand could exceed the city's limits, and no SWFWMD water-use permit had been filed as of April 2026."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "10-year property-tax abatement under a 20-year development agreement (reported ~$150M value, tied to ~$2.6B planned investment)",
        "jurisdiction": "Fort Meade, FL",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 2600000000,
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 450,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Florida Commerce Secretary Alex Kelly called project 'fundamentally flawed' in April 17, 2026 letter citing water, energy, and transportation risks. Environmental advocates questioned water usage claims (reduced from 140,000 to 50,000 gallons/day) and generator emissions. Fort Meade Planning Commission recommended approval unanimously April 8, 2026. Fort Meade City Commission approved 20-year development agreement approximately April 15, 2026; 40 of 41 public commenters opposed at hearing. Southwest Florida Water Management District approval for water use permits remains outstanding — SWFWMD informed Fort Meade the city's current water permit cannot supply the data center and Stonebridge must apply separately.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stonebridge-pacific-columbia-county-wi",
    "name": "Stonebridge Pacific AI Data Center (Columbia County)",
    "operator": "Stonebridge",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.55,
      "lon": -89.4,
      "city": "Pacific",
      "county": "Columbia",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Maryland-based developer Stonebridge stopped exploring the Town of Pacific site after the town chair required that any proposal be aired in a public meeting; no follow-up occurred.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-10-billion-data-center-proposal-columbia-county-town-pacific-developer/",
        "label": "A $10 billion data center proposal vanished after a local official told the developer the process would have to unfold in public",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2026/08/03/10-billion-data-center-proposal-in-central-wisconsin-dropped-to-avoid-public-process/",
        "label": "$10 Billion Data Center Proposal in Central Wisconsin Dropped to Avoid Public Process",
        "publisher": "Urban Milwaukee",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-04",
    "notes": "Proposed AI data center ~35 miles north of Madison in the Town of Pacific, Columbia County. At $10 billion it would have been among the largest data centers proposed in Wisconsin, with 400 permanent jobs and a planned 2027 opening. The proposal was dropped in 2026 after the developer declined a public review process. Coordinates are an approximate town-level centroid.",
    "investmentUsd": 10000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "stonebridge-powder-mills-lawrence-county-pa",
    "name": "Powder Mills Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Stonebridge Associates",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.9915328,
      "lon": -80.4272333,
      "county": "Lawrence",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Stonebridge Associates proposed a 16-building data center campus plus substation on the 569-acre former American Cyanamid 'Powder Mills' explosives site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-campus-proposed-at-former-dynamite-factory-site-in-lawrence-county-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Data center campus proposed at former dynamite factory site in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ncnewsonline.com/news/local_news/stonebridge-presents-data-center-plans-details/article_5dd3c006-0eb3-466f-92fb-c5241f737d3e.html",
        "label": "Stonebridge presents data center plans, details",
        "publisher": "New Castle News (ncnewsonline.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.leoc.net:6443/arcgis/rest/services/LAWRENCEGIS/TaxParcelCAMA/MapServer/1/query?where=CONTROLNUM%3D%2726132000%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Lawrence County parcel/GIS record (parcel 26132000)",
        "publisher": "Lawrence County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "569-acre parcel off Route 551 (3478 Howard Drive), split between North Beaver and Mahoning Townships; 16 data-center buildings plus an electrical substation; developer cites >$15B investment and 3,000-4,000 construction/permanent jobs. Site requires environmental remediation from prior explosives manufacturing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Penn Power (FirstEnergy)"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 15000000000,
    "landAcres": 569,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 3000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "North Beaver and Mahoning townships amended their ordinances to impose stricter data-center regulations; Stonebridge has separate lawsuits pending against both townships disputing whether its plans were filed before those ordinance changes took effect (as of July 2026).",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "strata-hanging-rock-haverhill-data-center-oh",
    "name": "Hanging Rock / Haverhill Data Center",
    "operator": "Strata Expense (backed by Supermicro + Ravel)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.567639,
      "lon": -82.781751,
      "city": "Hanging Rock",
      "county": "Lawrence",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Construction began approximately December 2025 at 1476 County Road 1A; land sold by the Lawrence County Economic Development Corp.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-project-in-lawrence-county-ohio-sparks-calls-for-moratorium-in-neighboring-city/",
        "label": "Data center project in Lawrence County, Ohio sparks calls for moratorium in neighboring city",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wchstv.com/news/local/a-i-infrastructure-being-developed-in-lawrence-county-ohio",
        "label": "AI infrastructure being developed in Lawrence County, Ohio",
        "publisher": "WCHS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://athensindependent.com/data-centers-across-appalachian-ohio/",
        "label": "Appalachian Ohio a target for data centers",
        "publisher": "Athens County Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "At 1476 County Road 1A; land sold by the Lawrence County Economic Development Corp. Construction began around December 2025. A 5,178-signature opposition petition sparked a moratorium push in neighboring Ironton.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Reported as powered by a combination of hydrogen, natural gas and solar."
    },
    "landAcres": 40,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A 5,178-signature opposition petition sparked a moratorium push in neighboring Ironton; construction is proceeding."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stratos-box-elder-ut",
    "name": "Stratos AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "O'Leary Digital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5,
      "lon": -113.5,
      "city": "Lucin",
      "county": "Box Elder",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 9000
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site natural gas (Ruby Pipeline) + planned solar array",
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "MIDA Board approved Stratos Project Area on April 24, 2026; Box Elder County Commission approved interlocal agreement May 4, 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/647/Stratos-Project-Fact-Sheet",
        "label": "Stratos Project Fact Sheet — Box Elder County",
        "publisher": "Box Elder County, UT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/19/renderings-show-massive-data-center-box-elder-utah-permits-could-take-years/",
        "label": "Renderings show Stratos data center but permits could take years",
        "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Hansel Valley and Locomotive Valley, western Box Elder County near Lucin, UT. 60 planned data centers on initial 10,000-acre phase. 9GW is full-buildout figure; Phase 1 ~3GW. Total cost projected $100B+ at full buildout; only $20M invested as of mid-2026. Designed by Gensler. Environmental permitting via Utah DEQ expected to take ~2 years. MIDA oversight provides state-level approval authority. Coordinates are approximate for western Box Elder County; exact site boundaries unpublished. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Box Elder County's own Stratos Project Fact Sheet states directly: \"No County funds are required to build the project. All funds will come from the developers and private investors.\" A May 2026 MIDA interlocal agreement covers land-use and permitting review governance (a development review committee, subdivision/site-plan requirements), not a tax-increment or abatement arrangement, and MIDA's own project-area records — which could confirm or rule out a tax-increment component — were unreachable this session (mida.utah.gov redirected to an unrelated login page). Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Raft Rural Electric Co-op Inc",
      "notes": "Ruby Pipeline (680-mile interstate natural gas line) runs through Hansel Valley; 3,000-acre solar array planned; fully off-grid design"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop system using on-site saline water described as unsuitable for human or agricultural use; developer states no diversion from Great Salt Lake basin"
    },
    "landAcres": 40000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Community opposition over fast-tracked MIDA process, CO2 emissions (~34M metric tons/year at full build), light/noise pollution, and Great Salt Lake impacts. Utah Senate President called for 75% footprint reduction; O'Leary agreed to cut acreage by 50% (remove ~20,000 acres). Governor Cox ordered 'careful consideration' of environmental impacts.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-chicago-i-orda-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Stream Chicago I (ORDA)",
    "operator": "Stream Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0039,
      "lon": -87.9703,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2080 Lunt Avenue",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 31
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020",
        "note": "Acquired December 2017; fully leased by end of 2020",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/chicago-data-centers/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers — Chicago data centers",
        "publisher": "Stream Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — SDC CHI I, LLC, Elk Grove Village (2021 MOU, underserved area)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "155,189 sq ft facility with 31 MW of utility power; fully leased. Expanded in 2024 by 1.10 acres.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 15625000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2021",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-chicago-ii-ordb-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Stream Chicago II (ORDB)",
    "operator": "Stream Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0039,
      "lon": -87.9703,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "1925 Busse Road",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 32
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023",
        "note": "Development launched 2020; phase-one commissioning began 3Q22; fully leased in 2023",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/chicago-data-centers/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers — Chicago data centers",
        "publisher": "Stream Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "226,000 sq ft facility, 32 MW at full build; fully leased.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-chicago-iii-ordc-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "Stream Chicago III (ORDC)",
    "operator": "Stream Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0039,
      "lon": -87.9703,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "2000 Landmeier Rd",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 40
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-17",
        "note": "Listed as 'In Development' on the operator's Chicago page; building one set to deliver 40 MW",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/chicago-data-centers/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers — Chicago data centers",
        "publisher": "Stream Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "35+ acre hyperscale campus planned for up to 2 million sq ft of data center space; building one to deliver 40 MW. capacityMw records building one only — the campus total is not published.",
    "landAcres": 35,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-data-centers-dfwa-dfw-vii-tx",
    "name": "Stream Data Centers DFWA (DFW VII)",
    "operator": "Stream Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9836243,
      "lon": -96.6542632,
      "city": "Garland",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 43
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/dallas-data-centers/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers - Dallas locations page",
        "publisher": "Stream Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1300765126",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1300765126",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Operator's own Dallas page lists DFWA (DFW VII) at 1813 Lookout Drive, Garland, TX 75044, status 'Fully Leased' (i.e. operational), 43 MW / 275,000 SF. Official name uses 'DFWA'/'DFW VII', not the OSM tag 'DFWA' alone -- matches.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-data-centers-phxa-phoenix-i-vii-goodyear-campus-az",
    "name": "Stream Data Centers PHXA (Phoenix I-VII, Goodyear Campus)",
    "operator": "Stream Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4194907,
      "lon": -112.3599883,
      "city": "Goodyear",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "2950 South Litchfield Road",
      "postalCode": "85338",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 280
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/phoenix/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers - Phoenix/Goodyear locations page",
        "publisher": "Stream Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/468707940",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/468707940",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/news/booming-in-the-desert-stream-commissions-new-phoenix-data-center/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers — \"Booming in The Desert: Stream Commissions New Phoenix Data Center\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/stream-data-centers-opens-phoenix-i-facility-goodyear-arizona/",
        "label": "DataCenterDynamics — \"Stream Data Centers opens Phoenix I facility in Goodyear, Arizona\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SDC-Goodyear-CaseStudy-251218.pdf",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers Goodyear campus case study — 'Evaporative cooling is not sustainable in Metro Phoenix, so our design uses air-cooled chillers with a closed-loop water system.'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Operator's own Phoenix page names this campus 'PHXA (Phoenix I-VII)' at 2950 S. Litchfield Road, Goodyear, AZ 85338, Maricopa County. 157-acre, 7-building planned campus; 2 of 7 buildings currently operational, remaining 5 under development, so campus-level status is mixed-build but the entity is live/operational overall. Site markets '100% AI-ready infrastructure' but no confirmed GPU/HPC tenant or workload was found, so aiClassification is left empty rather than 'likely' -- marketing language alone is not workload evidence. Note officialName differs from OSM tag 'PHX-1'; corrected to operator's own 'PHXA'. AI/HPC (likely): Stream's own Phoenix/Goodyear campus page carries a facility-specific '100% AI-Ready' key-stat badge alongside its 280 MW critical capacity.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "APS (Arizona Public Service)",
      "notes": "Stream's own announcement of the Goodyear campus commissioning states the site is served by an on-site APS substation Stream invested in (up to 350 MW, expandable toward 480 MW per secondary listings)."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Site-specific case study states air-cooled chillers with a closed-loop water system, filled once and requiring no additional water; the operator explicitly rejected evaporative cooling as unsuitable for Metro Phoenix."
    },
    "landAcres": 157,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-data-centers-project-liberty-marion-county-sc",
    "name": "Project Liberty (Stream Data Centers, Marion County Industrial Park)",
    "operator": "Stream Data Centers (site entity: Eagle Myra, LLC)",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.1782,
      "lon": -79.4006,
      "city": "Marion",
      "county": "Marion",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Marion County Council approved a FILOT agreement, special-source revenue credits, and multi-county industrial park access across three readings in January 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Stream Data Centers withdrew, stating utility power could not be sourced to the site within the required timeframe.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/pee-dee/news/marion-county-stream-data-center/article_fce64b6c-7e65-4d99-ba9a-4d1dc70d28e5.html",
        "label": "Rural SC residents didn't know about an $800M data center before approval. Now they have questions.",
        "publisher": "The Post and Courier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/pee-dee/news/sc-pee-dee-data-centers/article_1afcd3af-40d1-4e00-8465-b0e3fb912862.html",
        "label": "Developer pulls plug on $2.4B data center deal in rural SC",
        "publisher": "The Post and Courier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wmbfnews.com/2026/06/11/stream-data-centers-pulls-out-controversial-marion-county-project/",
        "label": "Stream Data Centers pulls out of controversial Marion County project",
        "publisher": "WMBF News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Planned for ~400 acres in the Marion County Industrial Park on the U.S. Highway 501 Bypass between Marion and Mullins; up to nine buildings across two phases. Investment reported as $800M for phase 1 / $2.4B for full buildout; $2.4B recorded here as the more complete stated figure. County projected $28M in annual tax revenue. No specific parcel/address was made public before withdrawal — coordinates are Marion, SC town center, precision approximate. Council members had signed NDAs preventing community notification before the January vote.",
    "investmentUsd": 2400000000,
    "landAcres": 400,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 60
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Marion County Council approved the FILOT/incentive package under NDAs across three readings in January 2026, before residents were publicly informed of the project (then code-named Eagle Myra LLC / Project Liberty). Residents organized (via the United People Project) citing lack of transparency and drought/water-use concerns; the developer's own June 2026 withdrawal statement cited only utility timing, not the opposition, as the reason.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "stream-stamp-alabama-ny",
    "name": "STREAM U.S. Data Centers at STAMP",
    "operator": "Stream U.S. Data Centers LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0837,
      "lon": -78.3936,
      "city": "Alabama",
      "county": "Genesee",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "GCEDC scheduled a public hearing on the tax-incentive package for the enlarged $19.46 billion application.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gcedc.com/news/article/current/2026/03/05/100160/public-hearing-set-for-stream-us-data-centers-project",
        "label": "Public Hearing Set for STREAM US Data Centers Project",
        "publisher": "Genesee County Economic Development Center (GCEDC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/03/18/subsidies-for-stamp-data-center-among-largest-ever/",
        "label": "Subsidies for STAMP data center among largest ever",
        "publisher": "Investigative Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://orleanshub.com/allies-of-tonawanda-seneca-nation-strongly-oppose-monstrous-data-center-proposed-for-stamp/",
        "label": "Allies of Tonawanda Seneca Nation strongly oppose 'monstrous data center' proposed for STAMP",
        "publisher": "Orleans Hub",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://rbj.net/2026/06/15/new-york-moratorium-genesee-county-data-center/",
        "label": "A $19.5B data center and a statewide pause: What's at stake in Genesee County",
        "publisher": "Rochester Business Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Proposed three-building hyperscale campus at the Western New York Science, Technology and Advanced Manufacturing Park (STAMP), Town of Alabama, Genesee County - by capital investment the largest data center proposal found for New York in this run. GCEDC states a \"$19.46 billion\" capital investment and \"$285 million in PILOT/host revenues\" for Genesee County, the Town of Alabama and the Oakfield-Alabama Central School District, with a public hearing \"Thursday, March 19 at 7 p.m. at the Town of Alabama Fire Hall, 2230 Judge Road, Basom, NY 14013.\" Investigative Post reports the incentive package as \"$1.46 billion in tax breaks for the creation of 125 jobs,\" of which \"$1.43 billion in sales tax breaks\" and \"a $31 million mortgage tax break\"; those two components are recorded as separate subsidy entries rather than the rounded total. capacityMw.planned = 500 records the sentence \"Stream has said it will use 500 megawatts of electricity, more than 80 percent of all the power available at the STAMP industrial park\" - this is stated electricity USE, not a certified IT load or an interconnection award. CONFLICTING FIGURES, recorded honestly: (a) acreage - Investigative Post says the campus spans \"over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre industrial park\" and landAcres is set to 90; an aggregator listing gives 130 acres and was NOT verified, so it is not used. (b) construction jobs - GCEDC's CEO is quoted at \"an additional 1,000 workers temporarily,\" while \"the agency reports on its cost-benefit analysis for the project which says construction will employ more than 16,000\"; the lower, attributed figure is recorded. (c) capital cost has moved from \"$6.3 billion a year ago\" to \"$11 billion\" to \"$19 billion\"; the GCEDC-published $19.46B is used. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): no source fetched states a water withdrawal volume for the campus, a confirmed hydropower allocation (the Tonawanda Seneca Nation letter opposes a prospective allocation, which is not the same as one being granted), or a construction start date - so no energy field is recorded. aiClassification is 'likely': the project is universally described as an AI-boom data campus but no fetched source states the workload. Coordinates are geocoded to the Town of Alabama, Genesee County, NOT to a confirmed parcel. This is a REQUESTED figure, not a confirmed/awarded PILOT -- at the time of this reporting (2026-07) Gov. Hochul was considering a moratorium measure that could block it entirely. Flag for hand review: record explicitly as 'requested', not granted. SUBSIDY NOT RECORDED AS A FIELD (maintainer adjudication 2026-09-10): reporting describes a REQUESTED package worth about $1.46bn from the Genesee County IDA for the STAMP site, not an awarded one — at the time of the 2026-07 reporting the Governor was weighing a moratorium measure that could block it entirely. The `subsidies` schema has no granted-versus-requested distinction, so publishing the figure there would present unawarded money as awarded. Recorded here instead; promote it to a `subsidies` entry only once an executed IDA agreement is in hand.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Genesee County IDA PILOT / host community agreement",
        "amountUsd": 285000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Genesee County, Town of Alabama, and Oakfield-Alabama Central School District, New York",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "program": "Genesee County IDA sales-tax exemption",
        "amountUsd": 1430000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Genesee County and New York State",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "program": "Genesee County IDA mortgage-recording-tax exemption",
        "amountUsd": 31000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Genesee County, New York",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 19460000000,
    "landAcres": 90,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 125,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Organized, documented opposition. The Tonawanda Seneca Nation, whose territory borders the site, wrote in April 2025 that it \"strongly opposes any allocation of low-cost hydropower to a data center at STAMP\"; more than 100 environmental, faith and human rights organizations plus 500 individuals statewide signed a letter opposing the project, and Stream's FIRST, smaller STAMP proposal was cancelled following a lawsuit by the Nation. The earlier proposal drew \"nearly 800 written comments, 50 spoken comments made at a public hearing.\"",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "summit-ridge-santaquin-ut",
    "name": "Summit Ridge Data Center",
    "operator": "Data Center Power Company",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.97551,
      "lon": -111.78521,
      "city": "Santaquin",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51442989/some-santaquin-residents-raise-concerns-over-approval-of-future-data-center",
        "label": "Some Santaquin residents raise concerns over approval of future data center",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.santaquin.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5806/2023-05-01_notice_of_intent_to_transfer_property_-_cdra_santaquin_final",
        "label": "Notice of Intent to Provide Assistance Pursuant to Section 17C-1-207 (West Fields Community Reinvestment Project Area), May 1, 2023",
        "publisher": "Santaquin City Community Development and Renewal Agency",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. The one Santaquin CDRA/RDA document directly confirmed, a May 2023 Notice of Intent to Transfer Property, covers a 0.69-acre parcel for the unrelated \"West Fields\" Community Reinvestment Project Area, not the 20-100MW Ridge Farms Road site. A separately-named 2022 \"Summit Ridge Commercial Development\" Master Development Agreement is a car-dealership site-plan agreement (per search-engine summaries, not a direct read of the agreement itself) — a name collision, not this project's record. The city's full council/RDA meeting-minutes archive was not searched exhaustively, so this is an evidenced absence in the documents checked, not an exhaustive clearance. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Off-grid by design. KSL reports it 'will not be connected to the city's electric grid, it will use a series of smaller engines to power itself using natural gas'. Gardner's planned-projects table gives 100 MW nameplate with a 2027 operational year and lists the status as under construction."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "KSL reports the developers told the city to expect 'low water and sewer usage', attributed to Mayor Olson. A developer claim relayed by the city, not a measured or permitted figure."
    },
    "jobs": {},
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Contested locally. KSL reports over 1,350 petition signatures opposing the facility, residents objecting to its proximity to homes and the Sunroc gravel pit, air-quality fears ('With Santaquin and just Utah in general already having such high pollution, we find that this is not a good placement'), and complaints about a lack of transparency during approval. The city projects 'more than $3 million annually in sales tax revenue'."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "suncap-stowe-township-allegheny-county-pa",
    "name": "Stowe Township Data Center (former railcar plant)",
    "operator": "SunCap Industries",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.469,
      "lon": -80.064,
      "city": "Stowe Township",
      "county": "Allegheny",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-14",
        "note": "SunCap Industries presented a data center proposal for the former railcar plant on Nichol Avenue; commissioners voted to advertise a zoning amendment adding data centers to permitted uses in the industrial district.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpxi.com/news/local/stowe-township-community-expresses-concerns-over-data-center-proposal/F3UN7MXY3RD2DMMTPZDZR6VVXM/",
        "label": "Stowe Township community expresses concerns over data center proposal",
        "publisher": "WPXI",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "SunCap Industries is developing the former railcar plant site on Nichol Avenue in Stowe Township, Allegheny County. The zoning amendment adding data centers to permitted industrial uses was subsequently approved, which enables but does not itself authorize a specific building. No capacity, acreage or square footage was disclosed in the reviewed sources, so those fields are omitted.",
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Residents questioned grid impact and electricity prices; Commissioner Tyler Kochirka said the ordinance change 'came about in, I think, an undermining way,' while Commissioner Cheryl McDermott supported the project.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "sunlight-road-solar-washington-parish-la",
    "name": "Sunlight Road Solar",
    "operator": "D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments (DESRI)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.781803,
      "lon": -90.217355,
      "city": "Franklinton",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 50
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-11-26",
        "note": "Entergy Louisiana and DESRI announced the start of commercial operations.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-desri-announce-start-commercial-operations-at-sunlight-road-solar",
        "label": "Entergy Louisiana and DESRI announce start of commercial operations at Sunlight Road Solar",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.entergy.com/wp-content/uploads/15/Entergy-renewable-portfolio.pdf",
        "label": "Entergy renewable generation projects in service or in development as of July 2026",
        "publisher": "Entergy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/FiaPA4ga0iQKduv3/arcgis/rest/services/Power_Plants_in_the_US/FeatureServer/0/query?where=State%3D%27Louisiana%27+AND+PrimSource%3D%27solar%27&outFields=*&f=json&resultRecordCount=200",
        "label": "PowerPlants_US_EIA feature layer - operating solar plants in Louisiana (plant code 67071, Sunlight Road Solar)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (PowerPlants_US_EIA ArcGIS feature layer)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Entergy Louisiana's fourth solar resource. Sits about 2 km west of DESRI's separate Iris Solar plant, which sells to Entergy New Orleans.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Entergy Louisiana",
      "notes": "20-year power purchase agreement with Entergy Louisiana; Entergy estimates about $22 million of customer savings over the term."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "notes": "More than 100,000 single-axis-tracking photovoltaic panels along Sunlight Road in Franklinton."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sunzia-wind-central-nm",
    "name": "SunZia Wind",
    "operator": "Pattern Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.35,
      "lon": -105.6,
      "county": "Lincoln",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 3650
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "EIA reported the project slated to begin commercial operations in June 2026, with some turbines already contributing during testing by April 2026. Pattern Energy began construction in 2023.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=67766",
        "label": "Largest wind farm in the United States slated to begin commercial operations",
        "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The largest wind farm in the United States and by far the largest generation asset in New Mexico. The footprint spans three counties (San Miguel, Lincoln, Torrance), so the coordinate is a single representative point in the Lincoln County portion rather than a site boundary; precision is 'approximate' for that reason. Power is exported to Arizona and California, so this is not a dedicated data-center supply — no offtaker is asserted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "unitCount": 916,
      "notes": "Net summer generating capacity of 3,650 MW across 916 turbines: 242 turbines in the northern section in San Miguel and Lincoln counties and the remaining 674 in the southern section in Lincoln and Torrance counties. Output moves on the companion 550-mile SunZia HVDC transmission line, rated 3,021 MW, of which 2,131 MW is delivered and consumed in Southern California. EIA notes New Mexico's wind capacity rose from 3,997 MW to 7,647 MW on the back of this project, taking wind to 45% of the state's capacity mix."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "supranet-madison-wi",
    "name": "SupraNet Madison Data Center",
    "operator": "SupraNet Communications, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.075033,
      "lon": -89.525037,
      "city": "Madison",
      "county": "Dane",
      "street": "8000 Excelsior Drive, Suite 204",
      "postalCode": "53717",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.supranet.net/cloud-solutions/",
        "label": "SupraNet Data Center, Cloud, Disaster Recovery — Madison (address, SOC 2 Type II, carriers, redundancy)",
        "publisher": "SupraNet Communications",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"SupraNet Madison, Madison\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=8000+Excelsior+Drive%2C+Madison%2C+WI+53717&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of 8000 Excelsior Drive, Old Sauk Trails Park, Madison (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "SOC 2 Type II carrier-neutral colocation facility in Old Sauk Trails Park on Madison's west side, with on-net access to Spectrum, TDS, AT&T, WIN, Lumen, US Signal and Verizon and no cross-connect fees. Distinct address from every tracked Madison-area site (US Signal WI01 at 222 W. Washington Ave., US Signal WI02/OneNeck at 5515 Nobel Dr. in Fitchburg, EdgeConneX MAD01, Lumen Madison 1).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Multiple backup power generators, enterprise UPS and redundant power systems; colocation is sold unmetered."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "surge-hancock-county-megasite-buck-creek-township-in",
    "name": "Hancock County MegaSite",
    "operator": "Surge Development LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.82722,
      "lon": -85.89833,
      "county": "Hancock",
      "street": "3400 W 500 N",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Planned Unit Development rezoning application for the 775-acre Hancock County MegaSite (data center and industrial use, Buck Creek Township, ~15 miles east of downtown Indianapolis near the Indianapolis Regional Airport) filed with the county; a public informational meeting was held 2025-05-08. Submitted renderings depicted Google-branded buildings, though no end-user was named.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "Surge Development LLC withdrew its PUD rezoning petition, announced via a county government news release the evening of 2025-05-13, after weeks of public backlash. Baxtel's tracking record for the site lists status as 'Project cancelled before construction.'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/surge-hancock-county-megasite",
        "label": "Surge: Hancock County MegaSite",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wibc.com/623821/developer-pulls-application-to-build-data-center-in-hancock-county/",
        "label": "Developer Pulls Application to Build Data Center in Hancock County",
        "publisher": "WIBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "First development phase was reported to include five buildings and a substation; no capacity (MW) or investment figure was disclosed before the application was withdrawn.",
    "landAcres": 775,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Neighbors including the owners of Tuttle Orchards raised concerns ahead of the 2025-05-08 public meeting on rezoning 775 acres of agricultural land in Buck Creek Township. In withdrawing, Surge Development said residents sought 'additional specificity and clear direction' on the 'potential impacts and benefits of development in this area,' adding that 'meaningful public participation must remain at the core of this process.'",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "swarm-systems-marshalltown-ia",
    "name": "Swarm Systems Marshalltown Data Center",
    "operator": "Swarm Systems",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.056,
      "lon": -92.897,
      "city": "Marshalltown",
      "county": "Marshall County",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-26",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-26",
        "note": "Swarm Systems CEO Amir Atefi presented to the Marshalltown City Council seeking a purchase contract for 21 acres of city-owned land in the Edgewood Industrial Park to conduct due diligence; the council passed a 120-day data center moratorium the same night.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.timesrepublican.com/news/todays-news/2026/08/city-council-passes-second-and-third-readings-of-data-center-moratorium-hears-from-prospective-developer/",
        "label": "City council passes second and third readings of data center moratorium, hears from prospective developer",
        "publisher": "Times Republican",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/iowa-communities-grapple-with-regulating-data-centers-as-development-spreads/",
        "label": "Iowa communities grapple with regulating data centers as development spreads",
        "publisher": "Business Record",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "Building size is reported inconsistently: the Times Republican account of the Aug. 26, 2026 council presentation says 125,000 sq ft, while Business Record reports 150,000 sq ft. Jobs were described as a 50-60 permanent range; the lower bound is recorded. No MW capacity was stated. Coordinates are approximate — the point sits at the JBS Marshalltown industrial site, next to which the Edgewood Industrial Park city-owned parcels lie; no specific parcel has been identified publicly.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Developer told the council there would be no on-site power generation; the facility would tie into the electrical grid."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer stated annual water use under 500,000 gallons using a closed-loop recirculation system on roughly a 10-year cycle."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 345000000,
    "landAcres": 21,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Marshalltown City Council adopted a 120-day data center moratorium (expires Nov. 23, 2026, extendable 60 days) while drafting land-use rules; a public petition opposing data centers in Marshalltown is circulating. The developer said it supports the moratorium and is requesting no tax incentives.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "swift-willow-westover-al",
    "name": "Swift Willow Westover Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Swift Willow Property, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.3596201,
      "lon": -86.5102435,
      "city": "Westover",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Developers presented plans for at least two data center buildings on 124 acres of the site at an August 2026 town hall; the Westover City Council then unanimously approved a six-month moratorium on data centers covering this proposal and any others.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://abc3340.com/news/abc-3340-news-iteam/how-did-westovers-proposed-data-center-get-here-records-show-the-timeline",
        "label": "How did Westover's proposed data center get here? Records show the timeline",
        "publisher": "ABC 33/40",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/08/21/westover-residents-hear-developers-during-data-center-town-hall/",
        "label": "Westover residents hear from developers during data center town hall",
        "publisher": "WBRC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "City records show discussions began in May 2024; the City Council rezoned the roughly 437-acre tract from Highway Commercial/Employment Center-Office/Rural Residential to Employment Center-Industrial on February 4, 2025, the Planning Commission added \"Data Center\" as a permitted use in that district on April 28, 2025, and Swift Willow Property, LLC took title from Westervelt Realty in June 2025 for $6,565,238.57. Principals named in records include Gregory DeBacker and Hugh Williamson, with Swift Data Development (petitioner Jeremy Wolf) as a related entity. Developers described the site as more than 450 acres along Highway 280 and projected 500 to 1,000 construction jobs and up to 200 permanent jobs; those are ranges, not point estimates, so no jobs figures are recorded here. No MW or investment figure has been disclosed. Coordinate is a Cheshire Drive road anchor in Westover, not a surveyed parcel centroid.",
    "landAcres": 437,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-apex-industrial-park-north-las-vegas-nv",
    "name": "Switch Apex Industrial Park Land Position",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.329138,
      "lon": -114.9277774,
      "city": "North Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-18",
        "note": "Switch closed on roughly 140 acres in Apex Industrial Park for $95 million, following 176 acres for $85.5 million in December 2025, bringing its holdings there to more than 300 acres.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/switch-buys-more-land-in-nlv-apex-park-for-95m-3731350/",
        "label": "Las Vegas data-center owner Switch purchased 140 acres in North Las Vegas' Apex Industrial Park for $95M",
        "publisher": "Las Vegas Review-Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/henderson-considers-data-center-pause-amid-construction-boom-across-clark-county",
        "label": "Henderson considers data center pause amid construction boom across Clark County - notes Switch's 300+ acres in Apex Industrial Park",
        "publisher": "The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "This is a land position, not an announced facility. Switch declined to describe its development strategy and reporting indicates North Las Vegas had received no plans or applications for the Apex parcels. The investmentUsd figure is the combined recorded land price ($85.5M plus $95M), not a project capex. Apex Industrial Park sits about 25 miles northeast of the Las Vegas Strip near the I-15 / U.S. 93 interchange. Recorded so the site is trackable if a project is filed; a maintainer may prefer to hold it until an application exists. Distinct from the Novva 205-acre Apex holding the tracker already carries. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the Las Vegas Review-Journal article (2026-09-10) on the $95M/140-acre land purchase; it covers the transaction and general Southern Nevada water-usage context but includes no direct quotes from residents, community groups, or elected officials about this specific purchase. No public hearing or reaction documented in this source.",
    "investmentUsd": 180500000,
    "landAcres": 316,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-atlanta-the-keep-ga",
    "name": "Switch Atlanta: The KEEP",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7550251,
      "lon": -84.5872685,
      "city": "Lithia Springs",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Southern Company / Georgia Power grid; company-wide '100% renewable' pledge with no site-specific PPA found",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/georgia/atlanta/switch-the-keep-campus/",
        "label": "Switch facility directory",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/975064004",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/975064004",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/sustainable-data-center-designs/",
        "label": "Switch sustainable data center design page (Nevada-specific renewable claim, no GA project named)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/data-centers/georgia-power-byo-clean-energy",
        "label": "Canary Media: Georgia Power will now let data centers bring their own clean energy (general utility program context, not Switch-specific)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed at 1 Switch Way, Lithia Springs GA (Douglas County) via datacentermap, datacenters.com, baxtel. AI/HPC (likely): The Keep: Tier 5 Platinum exascale campus, high-density AI/HPC-capable.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Switch markets The KEEP as running on '100% green energy,' echoing its fleet-wide pledge, but no Georgia-specific solar/wind PPA or on-site generation project tied to Switch was found (Georgia Power's general CARES CIR customer-solar program is not confirmed as a Switch-specific deal)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-big-beaver-pa",
    "name": "Big Beaver Campus",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.75,
      "lon": -80.33,
      "city": "Big Beaver",
      "county": "Beaver",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04-30",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-30",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-announces-new-data-center-campus-in-beaver-county-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Switch announces new data center campus in Beaver County, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/switch-announces-plans-for-data-center-campus-outside-pittsburgh-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "Switch announces plans for data center campus outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/big-turnout-and-big-voices-at-big-beaver-data-center-meeting/",
        "label": "Big turnout and big voices at Big Beaver data center meeting — Beaver County Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "382-acre campus, approximately 40 miles NW of Pittsburgh near the Ohio border.",
    "investmentUsd": 1400000000,
    "landAcres": 382,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "A packed, heavily police-attended June 2, 2026 town hall drew sustained resident criticism over transparency and the loss of the site's former racetrack; a borough council member's public support for the project drew further accusations that officials weren't listening to residents.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-citadel-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Switch CITADEL Campus",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6183,
      "lon": -119.3732,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "1 Superloop Circle",
      "postalCode": "89434",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 650,
      "operational": 250
    },
    "poweredBy": "100% renewable (wind + solar)",
    "announcedDate": "2017",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2017",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019",
        "note": "Located in Tahoe Reno Industrial Center (TRIC); expanding toward 650 MW campus",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/citadel/",
        "label": "Switch CITADEL Campus — Switch.com",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/switch/switch-unveils-650-mw-data-center-campus-in-reno-nevada",
        "label": "Switch unveils 650 MW campus in Reno, Nevada — Data Center Knowledge",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-tahoe-reno-data-center-now-open/",
        "label": "Switch TAHOE RENO Now Open — largest, most advanced data-center campus in the world",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/have-data-center-tax-breaks-helped-nevadas-economy-heres-what-we-found",
        "label": "Have data center tax breaks helped Nevada's economy? — The Nevada Independent",
        "publisher": "The Nevada Independent",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/colocation/article/11427861/switch-will-support-reno-data-center-campus-with-reclaimed-water",
        "label": "Switch Will Support Reno Data Center Campus with Reclaimed Water — Data Center Frontier",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/switch-tahoe-reno-now-open-largest-most-advanced-data-center-campus-in-the-world-300407648.html",
        "label": "Switch TAHOE RENO Now Open: Largest, Most Advanced Data Center Campus in the World",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire (Switch)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ndep.nv.gov/uploads/documents/ap7375-3672-class-i-optc-1.pdf",
        "label": "NDEP Class I Air Quality Operating Permit to Construct AP7375-3672 issued to Switch, Ltd. - physical address 1 Superloop Circle, McCarran NV 89434, HA 83 Tracy Segment / Storey County",
        "publisher": "Nevada Division of Environmental Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=NV&limit=200",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry (Nevada) - Switch Tahoe Reno, org Switch, Ltd., 1 Superloop Circle, McCarran 89434",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy (grid interconnect)",
      "notes": "100% renewable since January 2016 via dedicated solar — Switch Station 1 & 2 (179 MW) and a 555 MW Nevada solar project (a reported 127 MW behind-the-meter at Citadel); Switch exited NV Energy's standard supply in 2016 ($27M exit fee). The campus is designed for up to 650 MW at about 4.9¢/kWh."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Uses reclaimed water via a ~16-mile pipeline (4,000 acre-feet/year capacity) from the Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility; Switch's water-reuse approach eliminates cooling chemicals. No facility-specific consumption is disclosed (the pipeline serves all Tahoe Reno Industrial Center tenants)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Nevada data-center tax abatements (NRS 360.754) via the Governor's Office of Economic Development — sales/use tax reduced to ~2% and a 75% property-tax abatement for up to 20 years (Switch-specific totals not publicly itemized)",
        "jurisdiction": "Nevada (GOED)",
        "year": "2015",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Located in the purpose-built Tahoe Reno Industrial Center. Storey County officials are broadly supportive (abatements 'bring in revenue for the county and the state'), though USA Parkway traffic rose 382% (2013–2022) and in 2025 the county recommended the state revisit its abatement-award process.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-edge-1-nv",
    "name": "Switch Edge 1",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0591345,
      "lon": -115.213688,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Edge 1",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1017048670",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1017048670",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Switch Las Vegas Core Campus, exascale AI/high-density platform",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational as a distinct edge-colocation building on Switch's Las Vegas roster. AI/HPC (likely): Switch Las Vegas Core Campus, exascale AI/high-density platform.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Edge 1 is part of the Las Vegas Core Campus family; assumed to share the same NV Energy renewable tariff / Switch Station 1&2 solar arrangement as the other Core Campus buildings, though it wasn't individually named in sourced coverage."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-19-enterprise-nv",
    "name": "Switch LAS 19",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0571,
      "lon": -115.2125,
      "city": "Enterprise",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06-17",
        "note": "Clark County commissioners approved the zoning and use-permit items for the roughly 56,000 sq ft LAS 19 data center after Switch withdrew its landscaping waivers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox5vegas.com/2026/06/18/clark-county-approves-switch-data-center-project-southwest-valley-after-public-opposition/",
        "label": "Clark County approves Switch data center items in southwest Las Vegas after public pushback",
        "publisher": "FOX5 Las Vegas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/jun/23/switch-wins-las-vegas-expansion-approval-even-as-d/",
        "label": "Switch wins Las Vegas expansion approval even as data center backlash sweeps across Nevada",
        "publisher": "Las Vegas Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Approximately 56,000 sq ft data center building approved by Clark County commissioners on 17 June 2026, sited east of Edmond Street and north of Warm Springs Road in the Enterprise area of the southwest Las Vegas valley, adjacent to Switch's existing Las Vegas campus. No capacity (MW), investment or completion date has been published. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the named intersection, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Enterprise Town Advisory Board recommended denial, and Sierra Club and environmental-justice advocates opposed the project at the June 2026 hearing, citing grid strain from AI-driven data center growth. Commissioners approved it after adding a condition that Switch help fund a Warm Springs Road sidewalk safety barrier.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-10-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 10",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0555857,
      "lon": -115.2230608,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Las Vegas 10",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/984796364",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/984796364",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPU",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational on Switch's Las Vegas facility roster. AI/HPC (likely): Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Shares the Las Vegas Core Campus arrangement: 179MW Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (Dry Lake SEZ, Clark County) delivered via NV Energy's special renewable tariff. 100% renewable since 2016."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-11-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 11",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0558853,
      "lon": -115.2141369,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Las Vegas 11",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/617194689",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/617194689",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPU",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational on Switch's Las Vegas facility roster. AI/HPC (likely): Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Shares the Las Vegas Core Campus arrangement: 179MW Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (Dry Lake SEZ, Clark County) delivered via NV Energy's special renewable tariff. 100% renewable since 2016."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-12-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 12",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0617389,
      "lon": -115.2132922,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/nevada/las-vegas/switch-las-vegas-12/",
        "label": "Switch facility directory",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/172739950",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/172739950",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPU",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint (Switch Solar/Dry Lake SEZ, NV Energy renewable tariff)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/sustainable-data-center-designs/",
        "label": "Switch sustainable data center design page",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "OSM tag 'Switch12' matches Switch Las Vegas 12, 5325 W. Capovilla Ave, confirmed on baxtel Switch roster. AI/HPC (likely): Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Las Vegas Core Campus (shared arrangement across LV5/7/9/10/11/12/Edge1) draws power from the Switch Solar project — two 179MW-combined solar plants (Switch Station 1 & 2) on ~1,600 acres in the BLM Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone, Clark County."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-14-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 14",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0629139,
      "lon": -115.2213882,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "street": "5680 Badura Avenue",
      "postalCode": "89118",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Listed as a fully operational Switch facility with year built 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/switch-las-vegas-14",
        "label": "Switch: Las Vegas 14 data center - 5680 Badura Ave, Las Vegas, operational, year built 2025",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/nevada",
        "label": "Data centers in Nevada - project list (Switch Las Vegas 14, Clark County, operating 2025)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Located about 0.70 miles from the Switch Las Vegas CORE Campus and 0.10 miles from Switch Las Vegas 15. Capacity is deliberately omitted: sources conflict badly, with one directory listing 100 MW and another 495 MW, the latter appearing to be the whole-campus figure Switch publishes for 'The Core'. No MW value was read on a Switch page for this building.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-5-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 5",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1427635,
      "lon": -115.0766965,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Las Vegas 5",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1017460715",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1017460715",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPU",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational on Switch's Las Vegas facility roster. AI/HPC (likely): Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Shares the Las Vegas Core Campus arrangement: 179MW Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (Dry Lake SEZ, Clark County) delivered via NV Energy's special renewable tariff. 100% renewable since 2016."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-7-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 7",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0599191,
      "lon": -115.210197,
      "city": "Enterprise",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Las Vegas 7",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/172739953",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/172739953",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPU",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational on Switch's Las Vegas facility roster. AI/HPC (likely): Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Shares the Las Vegas Core Campus arrangement (Enterprise, NV, adjacent to the main LV campus): 179MW Switch Station 1 & 2 solar delivered via NV Energy's special renewable tariff. 100% renewable since 2016."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-las-vegas-9-nv",
    "name": "Switch Las Vegas 9",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.0557074,
      "lon": -115.2196277,
      "city": "Las Vegas",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (179MW, Apex/Dry Lake SEZ) via NV Energy special renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Las Vegas 9",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/585998678",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/585998678",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/coreweave-deploys-industry-first-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-in-switchs-ai-factory-solution/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPU",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/switch-contracts-for-solar-power-for-its-entire-data-center-footprint",
        "label": "Data Center Knowledge: Switch Contracts for Solar Power for Its Entire Data Center Footprint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational on Switch's Las Vegas facility roster. AI/HPC (likely): Core Campus LV: Switch AI Factory Solution, CoreWeave NVIDIA GB300 GPUs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "Shares the Las Vegas Core Campus arrangement: 179MW Switch Station 1 & 2 solar (Dry Lake SEZ, Clark County) delivered via NV Energy's special renewable tariff. 100% renewable since 2016."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-pyramid-campus-grand-rapids-mi",
    "name": "Switch Pyramid Campus",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.823,
      "lon": -85.64,
      "city": "Gaines Township",
      "county": "Kent",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 320,
      "operational": 225
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid",
    "announcedDate": "2022",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2017",
        "note": "Switch acquires 7-story Steelcase Pyramid building in Gaines Township, Kent County for $22.2M; Phase 1 delivers 225,000 sq ft white space"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2022",
        "note": "Phase 2 begins: 312,000 sq ft second building"
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "Phase 2 completed spring 2025; Phase 3 third building announced; construction expected to start 'sooner rather than later'; investment 'several hundred million dollars'",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/switch-plans-second-expansion-of-pyramid-data-center-campus-in-grand-rapids-michigan/",
        "label": "Switch plans second expansion of pyramid data center campus in Grand Rapids, Michigan",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/grand-rapids/",
        "label": "Grand Rapids Data Center - Switch",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-grand-rapids-now-open-largest-advanced-data-center-campus-eastern-u-s/",
        "label": "Switch GRAND RAPIDS Now Open — Switch",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bridgemi.com/michigan-environment-watch/data-centers-create-few-jobs-michigan-wants-give-them-big-tax-breaks/",
        "label": "Data centers create few jobs; Michigan wants to give them big tax breaks — Bridge Michigan",
        "publisher": "Bridge Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.governing.com/news/headlines/Has-Switch-Broken-Its-Transformational-Promise-from-2015.html",
        "label": "Has Switch Broken Its Transformational Promise from 2015? — Governing",
        "publisher": "Governing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/switch-grand-rapids-the-pyramid-campus",
        "label": "Switch Grand Rapids (The Pyramid Campus) — Baxtel",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://siteselection.com/pyramid-power/",
        "label": "Site Selection Magazine — Pyramid Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-leads-consumers-energys-program-bring-100-renewable-energy-michigan-businesses/",
        "label": "Switch Leads Consumers Energy's Program To Bring 100% Renewable Energy to Michigan Businesses",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Steelcase Pyramid campus, Gaines Township, Kent County MI (south of Grand Rapids; NOT the city of Wyoming, which is a separate municipality ~5 km north). Total campus target: 1.8M sq ft, 320 MW, ~$5B investment across all phases. Phase 1 (225,000 sq ft white space) and Phase 2 (312,000 sq ft) operational; Phase 3 in planning/early construction as of 2025. Michigan's largest data center by capacity. Coordinates are approximate Pyramid campus location on East Paris Ave, Gaines Township. Status re-check, NO change proposed - but flagging a possible mislabel for a maintainer. This record has the oldest basis in the state (lastUpdated 2025-01) and sits at 'under_construction' while the campus itself has been open and serving customers since 2017, with buildings added incrementally. I did NOT propose 'operational' because the only opening evidence I could fetch predates the record's own 2025-01 basis, so the maintainer may have chosen 'under_construction' deliberately to track the ongoing second/third-building expansion. Deciding this needs a maintainer's intent, not more sources. No cooling or water source was fetchable; switch.com/pyramid renders its specs via JavaScript and returned only a headline.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "utility": "Consumers Energy",
      "notes": "100% renewable — Switch was Consumers Energy's first large-business renewable customer and negotiated a dedicated new wind project; an on-site substation provides grid interconnection (not generation). The campus is designed for up to 320 MW."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "No facility-specific cooling type or water volume is disclosed; the City of Grand Rapids provides water and sewer service."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Michigan data-center sales-and-use tax exemption (PA 251/252 of 2015, enacted for Switch; saved ~$2M in 2022)",
        "jurisdiction": "Michigan",
        "year": "2016",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "program": "Michigan Strategic Fund Renaissance Zone — 15-year personal-property tax exemption (from 2016; ~$1.1M/year), tied to a 103-job pledge that was not met",
        "jurisdiction": "Michigan / Gaines Township / Kent County",
        "year": "2016",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 138,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 148,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "The project repurposed the long-vacant, iconic Steelcase 'Pyramid' and is broadly welcomed locally, with the township receiving roughly $430K/year from Switch and its tenants. But it has drawn accountability friction: an initial 1,000-job vision became a 103-job commitment, of which only 26 were created by the 2021 deadline (about 148 by later reporting), and a dispute over school capital-debt millage reached the state legislature. An announced ~$400M construction budget contrasts with ~$150M reported as actually invested by 2018.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-tahoe-reno-1-the-citadel-campus-nv",
    "name": "Switch Tahoe Reno 1 (The Citadel Campus)",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5140681,
      "lon": -119.4755145,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "1 Superloop Circle",
      "postalCode": "89434",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 650,
      "operational": 130
    },
    "poweredBy": "Gigawatt Nevada solar+storage (Citadel behind-the-meter, Storey County) + Switch Station 1 & 2 solar via NV Energy renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/nevada/reno/switch-tahoe-reno/",
        "label": "Switch facility directory",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1116775094",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1116775094",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-tahoe-reno-data-center-now-open/",
        "label": "Switch TAHOE RENO Now Open press release (130MW renewable figure for TR1)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-and-capital-dynamics-break-ground-on-massive-solar-and-battery-storage-developments-advancing-rob-roys-gigawatt-nevada/",
        "label": "Switch/Capital Dynamics groundbreaking release",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Citadel Campus, 1 Superloop Circle, McCarran NV 89434, Storey County. Press (PRNewswire/DCD) cites e-commerce/semiconductor + AI/HPC clients at the campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 130,
      "notes": "Tahoe Reno 1, the flagship building of the Citadel Campus, opened citing up to 130MW of renewable power."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-tahoe-reno-2-the-citadel-campus-nv",
    "name": "Switch Tahoe Reno 2 (The Citadel Campus)",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5138706,
      "lon": -119.4848531,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "1 Superloop Circle",
      "postalCode": "89434",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Gigawatt Nevada solar+storage (Citadel behind-the-meter, Storey County) + Switch Station 1 & 2 solar via NV Energy renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-centers/switch",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Switch Tahoe Reno 2 (The Citadel Campus)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1116775095",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1116775095",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-and-capital-dynamics-break-ground-on-massive-solar-and-battery-storage-developments-advancing-rob-roys-gigawatt-nevada/",
        "label": "Switch/Capital Dynamics groundbreaking release",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/sustainable-data-center-designs/",
        "label": "Switch sustainable data center design page",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Confirmed operational per PRNewswire groundbreaking release and baxtel roster (Tahoe Reno 2-8).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 127,
      "notes": "Same Citadel Campus arrangement as Tahoe Reno 1/3: powered by the 127MW behind-the-meter Gigawatt Nevada solar+storage plant plus the 179MW Switch Station 1 & 2 solar delivered via NV Energy's special renewable tariff. 100% renewable Nevada fleet since 2016."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-tahoe-reno-3-the-citadel-campus-nv",
    "name": "Switch Tahoe Reno 3 (The Citadel Campus)",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5115198,
      "lon": -119.4833058,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "street": "1 Superloop Circle",
      "postalCode": "89434",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Gigawatt Nevada solar+storage (Citadel behind-the-meter, Storey County) + Switch Station 1 & 2 solar via NV Energy renewable tariff",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/switch-breaks-ground-on-second-and-third-tahoe-reno-data-centers-following-multi-megawatt-expansions-with-global-e-commerce-and-semiconductor-clients-301177069.html",
        "label": "Switch facility directory",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1320683840",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1320683840",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-and-capital-dynamics-break-ground-on-massive-solar-and-battery-storage-developments-advancing-rob-roys-gigawatt-nevada/",
        "label": "Switch/Capital Dynamics groundbreaking release (127MW behind-the-meter + 240MWh storage, Storey County)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/sustainable-data-center-designs/",
        "label": "Switch sustainable data center design page (Nevada-specific 179MW claim, 100% renewable since 2016)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Named explicitly in Switch's groundbreaking press release for 2nd/3rd Tahoe Reno buildings.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 127,
      "notes": "The Citadel Campus (Tahoe Reno) is powered by Switch's Gigawatt Nevada program: a 127MW behind-the-meter solar+240MWh battery storage plant in Storey County built with Capital Dynamics."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "switch-the-rock-round-rock-tx",
    "name": "Switch: The Rock (Round Rock)",
    "operator": "Switch",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.4880189,
      "lon": -97.6725256,
      "city": "Round Rock",
      "county": "Williamson",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 185
    },
    "poweredBy": "ERCOT grid via Oncor; company-wide '100% renewable' pledge with no site-specific PPA found",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/switch-granted-planning-permission-for-data-center-in-round-rock-texas/",
        "label": "Switch facility directory",
        "publisher": "Switch",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1493169641",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1493169641",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-announces-fifth-prime-expansion-with-development-of-exascale-data-center-campus-in-texas/",
        "label": "Switch AI/HPC — The Rock: exascale data center campus for hyperscale/high-density",
        "publisher": "switch.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://communityimpact.com/austin/round-rock/texas-legislature/2026/04/01/ercot-developers-detail-plans-to-manage-data-center-growth-amid-legislative-scrutiny/",
        "label": "Community Impact: ERCOT/Oncor grid capacity for Round Rock data centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.switch.com/sustainable-data-center-designs/",
        "label": "Switch sustainable data center design page (confirms 179MW renewable claim is Nevada-only, silent on TX)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Land purchase from Dell + rezoning approved per DCD and Round Rock city government release; project is Switch's 5th 'Prime' campus, not yet reported as fully operational. AI/HPC (likely): The Rock: exascale data center campus for hyperscale/high-density.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Oncor",
      "notes": "Switch markets a fleet-wide '100% renewable energy' commitment that press coverage repeats for The Rock, but no Texas-specific solar/wind PPA or on-site generation project was found (unlike Nevada's named Switch Station 1&2 / Gigawatt Nevada projects)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "syringa-networks-west-valley-city-ut",
    "name": "Syringa Networks West Valley",
    "operator": "Syringa Networks",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.69679,
      "lon": -111.9867,
      "city": "West Valley City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvc-ut.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/3376",
        "label": "West Valley City Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget, FY2023-24 — project-area tax-increment ledger",
        "publisher": "West Valley City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. West Valley City's Fund 22 (Redevelopment Agency) adopted budget itemizes every currently active RDA/CRA project area by name with no boundary or line item tying it to 1385 W 2200 S, and no city filing or state record names Syringa Networks. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-atlanta-i-ga",
    "name": "STACK ATL01 (formerly T5@Atlanta)",
    "operator": "STACK Infrastructure",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.0757915,
      "lon": -84.264267,
      "city": "Alpharetta",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "street": "3200 Webb Bridge Road",
      "postalCode": "30005",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 20
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/t5-atlanta-i",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — T5@Atlanta I",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/891031651",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/891031651",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/atlanta/atl01/",
        "label": "STACK Infrastructure ATL01 — 2 buildings, 20MW of critical capacity",
        "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/colocation/ipi-combines-infomart-some-t5-assets-to-form-new-data-center-provider",
        "label": "IPI combines Infomart and some T5 assets to form STACK Infrastructure (“Atlanta, Chicago, and Dallas are T5”)",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-08",
    "notes": "3200 Webb Bridge Road, Alpharetta GA. Originally T5@Atlanta I; the site passed to STACK Infrastructure when IPI Partners combined the Infomart data centers with selected T5 assets to launch STACK on 2019-01-15 — Data Center Knowledge names Atlanta among the T5 contributions. STACK's own ATL01 page describes 2 buildings (ATL01A 105,000 sq ft, ATL01B 133,000 sq ft) and “20MW of critical capacity”; the record is therefore campus-level. The prior 14 MW single-building figure came from an aggregator directory and is not carried. The record id is unchanged to preserve its URL and history.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-atlanta-iv-palmetto-ga",
    "name": "T5 @ Atlanta IV",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.548,
      "lon": -84.724,
      "city": "Palmetto",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-08-28",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-08-28",
        "note": "Land acquisition finalized; 91-acre site already zoned for data-center use; use permit still required",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05-23",
        "note": "T5 refiled modified plans: 1.32M sq ft, 3 buildings, up to 300 MW; the original June 2024 filing (495K sq ft, 2 buildings) was withdrawn",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/t5-files-to-develop-data-center-campus-outside-atlanta-georgia/",
        "label": "T5 files to develop data center campus outside Atlanta, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://t5datacenters.com/locations/t5-atlanta-iv/",
        "label": "T5 @ Atlanta IV - Official Operator Location Page",
        "publisher": "T5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/t5-finalizes-land-acquisition-in-atlanta-to-support-a-300-mw-data-center-campus-302232913.html",
        "label": "T5 Finalizes Land Acquisition in Atlanta to Support a 300 MW Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/atlanta/news/data-center/t5-plotting-data-center-campus-in-fairburn-124663",
        "label": "T5 Plotting Data Center Campus In Fairburn",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/news/business/t5-data-centers-pursues-495k-square-foot-campus-in-fairburn/UVYQWF3CD5F2NM7JTKVPDX7E3E/",
        "label": "T5 Data Centers pursues 495K square foot campus in Fairburn",
        "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260714154314/https://t5datacenters.com/locations/t5-atlanta-iv/",
        "label": "T5 @ Atlanta IV — operator location page (archived 2026-07-14)",
        "publisher": "T5 Data Centers, via Internet Archive Wayback Machine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "City discrepancy: the ledger cited Fairburn, but T5's own page and PR Newswire list Palmetto, GA; DCD describes it as Fairburn/Fulton County with a 91-acre site in Palmetto - site is on the Fairburn/Palmetto border in South Fulton County (I-85 and Gullatt Rd). Capacity: T5's page lists '200 MW available' (Phase 1) while the Aug 2024 land-acquisition PR cites '300 MW' campus total - 300 MW recorded as planned. No tenant disclosed (T5 is a wholesale/build-to-suit developer targeting hyperscalers; page cites AI/liquid-cooling suitability). Phase 1 construction targeted Q2 2027; on-site substation expected 2026. No investment or jobs figure disclosed. Coordinates approximate (I-85/Gullatt Rd corridor).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "On-site electrical substation providing grid power; substation expected operational 2026."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "hybrid",
      "notes": "Air and liquid cooling designed for high-density AI workloads."
    },
    "landAcres": 91,
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-charlotte-nc",
    "name": "T5@Charlotte",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.2504249,
      "lon": -81.395039,
      "city": "Kings Mountain",
      "county": "Cleveland",
      "street": "131 Riverside Court",
      "postalCode": "28086",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/north-carolina/charlotte/t5-kingsmountain/",
        "label": "T5 Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "T5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/715098032",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/715098032",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "T5@Charlotte 300-acre campus at 131 Riverside Ct, Kings Mountain, NC — includes multiple buildings (T5@Charlotte II operational at 150,000 SF/4MW, T5@Charlotte IV at 75,000 SF/6MW per t5datacenters.com/locations/t5-charlotte-iv/ search result). Candidate is best represented as the overall campus given the OSM tag 'T5 Charlotte Campus'. Confirmed via datacenters.com, baxtel, and datacentermap.com.",
    "landAcres": 300,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-chicago-ii-il",
    "name": "T5 Chicago II",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0230424,
      "lon": -87.9755567,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "200 Innovation Drive",
      "postalCode": "60007",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/t5-chicago-ii",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — T5 Chicago II",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1219083554",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1219083554",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — T5@Chicago II, LLC, Elk Grove Village (2020 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "T5 Chicago II at 200 Innovation Drive, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 (commissioned by Forsythe 2014, acquired by T5 in 2016, 17.5MW). Confirmed via baxtel and Inflect colo directories; T5's own /locations/ page structure loaded but is client-side rendered so facility list could not be extracted directly from it. Capacity removed 2026-08-08: the 17.5 MW figure rested solely on a Baxtel listing, and other aggregators give a conflicting ~30 MW for the same address. OPERATOR ALSO UNVERIFIED: Data Center Knowledge reports Chicago among the T5 assets folded into STACK Infrastructure in Jan 2019, so “T5 Data Centers” may be stale here — but no source confirms whether THIS building (200 Innovation Drive, acquired by T5 from Forsythe in 2016) was among them, so it is left unchanged rather than guessed.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 15625000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2020",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 250000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-chicago-iii-northlake-il",
    "name": "T5 @ Chicago III (Northlake)",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.9310571,
      "lon": -87.9145933,
      "city": "Northlake",
      "county": "Cook",
      "street": "11650 W Grand Ave",
      "postalCode": "60164",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 36
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Listed as under construction at 11650 W Grand Ave with 36 MW in the Illinois Coalition for Responsible Data Centers project table.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.illinoiscrdc.com/illinoisdatacenters",
        "label": "Illinois data center project table (T5 Chicago III, Northlake — 36 MW, under construction)",
        "publisher": "Coalition for Responsible Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report (T5@Chicago III, LP, Northlake, 2024 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Third T5 site in the Chicago market, distinct from the tracked T5 Chicago II (Elk Grove Village) and T5 Chicago IV (Grayslake). Subsidy value is the state's estimated tax benefit on a $252,000,000 investment commitment. Coordinates geocoded from the published street address.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program (sales/use tax exemption MOU)",
        "amountUsd": 15750000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 252000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 20,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-chicago-iv-grayslake-il",
    "name": "T5 Chicago IV (CHI IV)",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.3442,
      "lon": -88.0417,
      "city": "Grayslake",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200
    },
    "poweredBy": "ComEd",
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "T5 announced its CHI IV campus in Grayslake (Lake County): up to 1.2 GW IT / 1.6 GW secured utility power; Phase 1 (3 × 60 MW) targeted Q4 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-08",
        "note": "Grayslake Village Board has granted all required land use and zoning approvals for the T5 Chicago IV campus (Mayor: \"T5 has received all the land use and zoning approvals required by the village\"), and construction crews have begun earthmoving/site grading on the first phase along Peterson Road — a genuine status change from proposed to under_construction, despite pending resident litigation.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/t5-plans-five-gigawatt-scale-data-center-campuses-announces-chicago-campus/",
        "label": "T5 plans five gigawatt-scale data center campuses, announces Chicago campus",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260608/news/despite-village-approvals-legal-action-expected-against-grayslake-data-center/",
        "label": "Despite village approvals, legal action expected against Grayslake data center",
        "publisher": "Daily Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/05/grayslake-erupts-as-mega-data-campus-plows-ahead/",
        "label": "Grayslake T5 Data Center Moves Ahead Amid Local Protests",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/data-center-could-be-largest-lake-county-ill-development",
        "label": "Data Center Could Be Largest Lake County, Ill., Development",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.villageofgrayslake.com/DocumentCenter/View/15282",
        "label": "Approved T5 Data Center Campus FAQ (updated June 5, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Village of Grayslake",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-03",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/dceo/aboutdceo/reportsrequiredbystatute/2025-data-centers-annual-report.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Investment Program 2025 Annual Report — T5@Chicago IV, LP, Grayslake (2025 MOU)",
        "publisher": "Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.villageofgrayslake.com/DocumentCenter/View/15282/T5-FAQ-sheet",
        "label": "Approved Village of Grayslake Data Center Campus FAQs (updated 18 August 2026)",
        "publisher": "Village of Grayslake, Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "CHI IV in Grayslake, Lake County (~40 mi north of Chicago): up to 1.2 GW IT capacity with 1.6 GW secured ComEd power; envisions 20 × 60 MW buildings, Phase 1 (3 × 60 MW) targeted Q4 2027. Recorded as proposed (announced; no groundbreaking confirmed). Distinct from T5's Palmetto, GA campus. Coordinates are the Grayslake area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "ComEd",
      "notes": "1.6 GW of secured ComEd utility power via an on-site substation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "reportedMgd": 0.05,
      "notes": "Village FAQ: closed-loop water cooling, with campus-wide average daily use of about 50,000 gallons for ordinary domestic purposes (roughly 2,500-3,500 gallons per building per day). Supply is Lake Michigan water via the Central Lake County Joint Action Water Agency, so no private wells are affected, and there is no groundwater discharge."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Illinois Data Center Investment Program",
        "amountUsd": 15625000,
        "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 400,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Village land-use approvals granted; legal action expected; ongoing water and energy concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-cleveland-oh",
    "name": "T5@Cleveland",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4430567,
      "lon": -81.803445,
      "city": "Cleveland",
      "county": "Cuyahoga",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/9853",
        "label": "T5 Data Centers facility directory",
        "publisher": "T5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1292169104",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1292169104",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "T5@Cleveland at 4150 W 150th Street, Cleveland, OH 44135. Confirmed via PeeringDB (fac/9853), datacenters.com, Inflect, datacenterHawk, and UPSTACK marketplace listings. This is one of two OSM candidates (1292169104 and 1382205749) mapping to the SAME facility ~0.1km apart — keeping this one as canonical, dropping the other as duplicate.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-minneapolis-1001-third-avenue-mn",
    "name": "T5@Minneapolis (1001 Third Avenue South)",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers (asset owned by a Cloud Capital / Arcapita joint venture since January 2026)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.9714683,
      "lon": -93.2702827,
      "city": "Minneapolis",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "1001 3rd Avenue South",
      "postalCode": "55404",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 31,
      "operational": 21
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01-13",
        "note": "Cloud Capital and Arcapita announced the acquisition of an operating 21 MW Minneapolis data center with a planned 10 MW expansion.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"T5@Minneapolis\", T5 Data Centers, 1001 3rd Ave South, Minneapolis MN 55404",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cloudcapital.com/cloud-capital-and-arcapita-acquire-a-21-megawatt-data-center-in-the-us-with-planned-expansion/",
        "label": "Cloud Capital — Cloud Capital and Arcapita acquire a 21-megawatt data center in the US with planned expansion (2026-01-13)",
        "publisher": "Cloud Capital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcapita.com/insights/arcapita-announces-a-partnership-with-cloud-capital-to-acquire-a-21-megawatt-data-center-in-the-us/",
        "label": "Arcapita — partnership with Cloud Capital to acquire a 21-megawatt data center in the US (2026-01-14)",
        "publisher": "Arcapita Group Holdings Limited",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox9.com/news/data-center-poised-replace-star-tribune-printing-facility-north-loop",
        "label": "FOX 9 — notes Legacy Investing previously converted the downtown Sleep Number building into a data center",
        "publisher": "FOX 9 Minneapolis-St. Paul",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=1001+3rd+Avenue+South%2C+Minneapolis%2C+MN&format=json&limit=2&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — Sleep Number Building, 1001 3rd Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "PeeringDB registers \"T5@Minneapolis\" (T5 Data Centers) at 1001 3rd Ave South, Minneapolis 55404, with coordinates within ~10 m of the OSM \"Sleep Number Building\" polygon. Cloud Capital and Arcapita announced on 2026-01-13/14 the acquisition of a 21 MW Minneapolis data center \"primarily leased on a long-term basis\" to \"a leading provider of sovereign AI and cloud inferencing solutions\", plus a \"planned 10 MW expansion\" to 31 MW; neither release names a street address, so the identification of that asset with this building is reported, not confirmed by the acquirers. aiClassification set from the acquirers' own description of the anchor tenant's workload.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-nampa-id",
    "name": "T5 Nampa",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.5407,
      "lon": -116.5635,
      "city": "Nampa",
      "county": "Canyon",
      "street": "8300 Birch Lane",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/t5-nampa-idaho",
        "label": "T5: Nampa, Idaho Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Converting an existing single-story 80,000 sq ft industrial building within the Park 84 industrial site (~20 miles west of Boise) for a single, unnamed client, in five phases, targeted around 2027. The Nampa Planning and Zoning Commission has granted a conditional use permit. No MW capacity or investment amount was disclosed in the source fetched. Coordinate provenance (checked 2026-09-12): the pin is the Nampa city centroid, NOT the stated 8300 Birch Lane address — the US Census geocoder returns no match for that address and the only OpenStreetMap feature named Birch Lane near Nampa carries ZIP 83867 (Silverton, Shoshone County), so it is a different road. The street is recorded because the source states it; the pin is city-level and should not be read as parcel-level.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "t5-silicon-valley-newark-ca",
    "name": "T5@Silicon Valley",
    "operator": "T5 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.5461,
      "lon": -122.0312,
      "city": "Newark",
      "county": "Alameda",
      "street": "39800 Eureka Drive",
      "postalCode": "94560",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 49.1,
      "operational": 17
    },
    "announcedDate": "2020-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020-10-06",
        "note": "T5 Data Centers announced acquisition of the existing, already-operational 128,000 SF / 17MW building from a Fortune 100 enterprise (identified as a former Apple facility by secondary sources — see notes), plus a planned 32.1MW/180,000 SF expansion (49.1MW total target).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://t5datacenters.com/resources/t5-data-centers-announces-new-enterprise-data-center-in-silicon-valley-ca/",
        "label": "T5 Data Centers announces new enterprise data center in Silicon Valley, CA",
        "publisher": "T5 Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/t5-data-centers-announces-new-enterprise-data-center-in-silicon-valley-ca-301146933.html",
        "label": "T5 Data Centers announces new enterprise data center in Silicon Valley, CA (PR Newswire)",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.propertyshark.com/mason/Property/38901571/39800-Eureka-Dr-Newark-CA-94560/",
        "label": "39800 Eureka Dr, Newark, CA 94560 - property record",
        "publisher": "PropertyShark",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.loopnet.com/property/39800-eureka-dr-newark-ca-94560/06001-901%20018503300/",
        "label": "39800 Eureka Dr, Newark, CA 94560 - property listing",
        "publisher": "LoopNet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/t5-silicon-valley-newark",
        "label": "T5@Silicon Valley (Newark) data center listing",
        "publisher": "baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ocmcdonald.com/apple-newark-data-facility/",
        "label": "Apple Newark data facility project",
        "publisher": "O.C. McDonald Co.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.serverfarmllc.com/data-centers/",
        "label": "Serverfarm data center locations",
        "publisher": "Serverfarm",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-02",
    "notes": "Operator corrected to T5 Data Centers, not Serverfarm: Serverfarm's own current locations page does not list a Newark/Silicon Valley property, and Serverfarm has acquired only one T5 property to date (El Segundo/LAX1, already tracked separately as serverfarm-lax1-el-segundo-ca) - not a company-wide rebrand. T5 Data Centers remains an active, independent company. The existing 128,000 SF/17MW building (built 2002 per county assessor record) was sold by Apple to T5 in an Aug 2020 ($30M) deed transfer, announced by T5 Oct 6 2020 alongside a disclosed plan to add 32.1MW/180,000 SF (49.1MW total target); no source confirms whether that expansion has completed. The $30M figure is a real-estate acquisition price for the existing building only, not development capex, so it is not recorded as investmentUsd. Apple as tenant is corroborated by secondary sources (an aggregator listing and a contractor's own portfolio page naming Apple independently) but not by a primary T5/Apple source, which refers only to 'a Fortune 100 enterprise' - flagged reported, not primary-confirmed. No AI/HPC/GPU-specific marketing found, so aiClassification is omitted. T5 markets this campus as 'Silicon Valley,' but Newark is geographically East Bay/Alameda County, not South Bay/Santa Clara County. Coordinates are a best-effort approximate estimate for the disclosed street address, not an independently geocoded parcel point - recommend a follow-up pass with a mapping source to confirm precisely.",
    "landAcres": 13.45,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ta-infrastructure-endicott-ak",
    "name": "Endicott Bitcoin Mining Pilot",
    "operator": "TA Infrastructure",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 70.326677,
      "lon": -148.9432527,
      "county": "North Slope",
      "state": "AK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1.4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://alaskapublic.org/2024/11/20/arctic-bitcoin-hilcorp-tech-firm-aim-to-test-north-slope-data-center/",
        "label": "Arctic Bitcoin? Hilcorp, tech firm aim to test North Slope data center",
        "publisher": "Alaska Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Texas-based TA Infrastructure filed a permit application to place Bitcoin-mining computers, collectively drawing 1.4 MW, inside a shipping container on a gravel pad at oil producer Hilcorp's Endicott field on Alaska's North Slope, powered by natural gas from Hilcorp's existing generators. Per the application quoted in the source: \"The goal of this pilot project is to demonstrate the ability to operate computers and associated data center infrastructure in the unique environment of the North Slope as well as identify any logistical and operational challenges that a larger project might present.\" The application named a four-year run with a permit start date of November 2024. No later source confirming the permit was granted or the container deployed was found this session, so status is kept at proposed rather than advanced to permitted/operational. This is a genuinely separate project from this dataset's existing stak-energy-north-slope-ak record: different named operator, different declared scale (a 1.4 MW pilot container versus a proposal described elsewhere as a \"massive AI data center\"), and reported about 18 months earlier — not a duplicate. Endicott field's own coordinates could not be resolved: OSM Nominatim's only match for \"Endicott\" in Alaska was Endicott Arm, a fjord near Juneau over 1,500 km from the North Slope, which was checked and rejected as clearly wrong rather than used. The pin used instead is Prudhoe Bay, the nearest well-mapped North Slope hub, as an explicit regional approximation — it is not the specific causeway/gravel-pad location, which this session could not geocode.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Powered by natural gas via Hilcorp's existing on-site generators at the Endicott field."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining"
  },
  {
    "id": "ta-realty-east-tanners-church-ellenwood-ga",
    "name": "TA Realty East Tanners Church Road Data Center",
    "operator": "TA Realty",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6101096,
      "lon": -84.287978,
      "city": "Ellenwood",
      "county": "Clayton",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 180
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "The Development Authority of Clayton County approved a 10-year property-tax abatement for a TA Realty subsidiary for the $959 million, 180 MW project on East Tanners Church Road.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/policy/clayton-county-ga-agency-approves-tax-break-for-data-center",
        "label": "Clayton County, Ga., Agency Approves Tax Break for Data Center",
        "publisher": "Government Technology (via Atlanta Journal-Constitution)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Abatement structured as a 50% property-tax reduction in year one rising to the full assessment after 10 years; the AJC estimated over $36 million in savings across the period against $93 million in new taxes. The authority declined to disclose the package's specific terms, so no amountUsd is recorded. About 30 full-time permanent jobs plus a roughly equal number of contractor positions were cited; the authority's larger '700+ jobs' figure includes temporary construction workers and is not recorded. Coordinates are approximate to Ellenwood; a street address of 4350 E Tanners Church Road appears in directory listings that were not retrieved this session and is therefore not asserted.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Development Authority of Clayton County property-tax abatement (10-year phase-in)",
        "jurisdiction": "Clayton County, Georgia",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 959000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "ta-realty-elk-grove-village-il",
    "name": "TA Realty Elk Grove Village Data Center",
    "operator": "TA Realty",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0039,
      "lon": -87.9703,
      "city": "Elk Grove Village",
      "county": "Cook",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-10-03",
        "note": "Demolition of existing buildings underway to clear the 47-acre site; buildings south of Coyle Avenue torn down",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.journal-topics.com/articles/demolition-to-clear-way-for-47-acre-data-center-near-higgins-elmhurst/",
        "label": "Demolition To Clear Way For 47-Acre Data Center Near Higgins & Elmhurst",
        "publisher": "Journal & Topics Media Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "Four-building, 1.183 million sq ft development east of Elmhurst Road and south of Old Higgins Road; the approved plan includes an electrical substation expansion. Single-source; no end tenant named.",
    "landAcres": 47,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tac-data-centers-wythe-county-va",
    "name": "TAC Data Centers Wythe County Campus",
    "operator": "TAC Data Centers (The Ardent Companies)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.93,
      "lon": -80.86,
      "county": "Wythe",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-06-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-04",
        "note": "Announced. Because Wythe County has no zoning ordinance, the project does not require rezoning approval, but will need local building permits and state environmental permits.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/virginia/tac-data-centers-plans-gigawatt-scale-campus-in-wythe-county-virginia",
        "label": "TAC Data Centers Plans Gigawatt Scale Campus in Wythe County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "US Data Center Projects",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Nine to eleven buildings totalling 3.5–4 million sq ft on roughly 1,000 acres owned by the Rogg Partnership, just southeast of I-81 about 10 miles east of Wytheville near the Pulaski County line. Distinct from the already-tracked Solis Arx Progress Park campus, which is a 99-acre lot inside Wythe County's Progress Park under a different developer and landowner. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the described area, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Appalachian Power"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Developer states the campus will use 'a small fraction of the water consumed by older data center facilities', with cooling 'specifically engineered to limit demand on local water resources'. No measured figure published."
    },
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Wythe County Administrator Stephen Bear welcomed the TAC project for its tax-revenue benefit; TAC's general counsel framed the campus as designed to minimize traffic/visual/noise/water impact. Wythe County has no zoning ordinance, so TAC needs only building and state environmental permits (no rezoning hearing). IMPORTANT CONTEXT: the same article reports organized resident opposition (water/electricity use, air pollution, noise, visual impact) to a DIFFERENT, separate data center proposal in the same county (Solis Arx, not in our facility dataset), which is what is now driving the county to draft its first zoning ordinance. TAC itself was not the target of that opposition per this source.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "takanock-goshen-elkhart-county-in",
    "name": "Takanock Goshen Data Center",
    "operator": "Takanock",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.5850394,
      "lon": -85.8344491,
      "city": "Goshen",
      "county": "Elkhart",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Listed as a proposed Elkhart County data center on two independent public trackers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/indiana",
        "label": "Data Centers in Indiana — Project List (Takanock Goshen Data Center, Elkhart, 1,500 MW, planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ailawtracker.org/data-centers",
        "label": "Indiana Data Center Map | AI Infrastructure Projects (Takanock, Goshen, 1,500 MW, proposed)",
        "publisher": "AI Law Tracker",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Takanock assembles and entitles sites and then sells them to operators rather than operating them itself. Recorded as rumored: three public trackers list this consistently as an Elkhart County proposal, but no permit filing, rezoning docket item or local-news confirmation was found this session, and one tracker page conflated it with the separate Bristol Innovation Park petition. Distinct from province-group-bristol-innovation-park-elkhart-county-in (different developer and a different part of the county). Coordinates are the city of Goshen; no parcel is public.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "takanock-project-baccara-maricopa-county-az",
    "name": "Project Baccara",
    "operator": "Takanock, LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5685,
      "lon": -112.3703,
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 700
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.abc15.com/news/region-southwest-valley/surprise/maricopa-county-supervisors-approve-controversial-surprise-area-data-center",
        "label": "Maricopa County supervisors approve controversial data center",
        "publisher": "ABC15",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.projectbaccara.com/",
        "label": "Project Baccara - official project site",
        "publisher": "Takanock, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.azcc.gov/news/home/2026/02/06/february-4--2026-open-meeting-highlights",
        "label": "Arizona Corporation Commission February 4, 2026 Open Meeting Highlights — Certificate of Environmental Compatibility for Project Baccara",
        "publisher": "Arizona Corporation Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.maricopa.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Item/10264?fileID=100345",
        "label": "Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Hearing Agenda, May 6, 2026 — case MCP250007, Project Baccara Military Compatibility Permit",
        "publisher": "Maricopa County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/2-data-center-projects-advancing-in-metro-phoenix/",
        "label": "2 Data Center Projects Advancing in Metro Phoenix",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.projectbaccara.com/_files/ugd/cbe98b_459cc246ea694c9f99e6fc4e9b79b975.pdf",
        "label": "Certificate of Environmental Compatibility application, Baccara Power LLC (ACC docket L-21369A-25-0222-00253) — APS-owned substation interconnecting at 230 kV; 'closed loop chiller system which, once filled, will reuse water without the need for refilling'; '~100 permanent well-paying jobs'",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.projectbaccara.com/_files/ugd/cbe98b_7cd257dc576944ffb5f945e9ade851bb.pdf",
        "label": "Maricopa County Air Quality Department, Notice of Public Hearing and Public Comment, Proposed Permit No. P0013417, Takanock Baccara LLC — facility address \"NW Corner W Olive Ave & N 143rd Ave, Waddell, AZ 85355\"",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.azfamily.com/2026/05/07/massive-data-center-approved-near-luke-air-force-base-despite-opposition/",
        "label": "Massive data center approved near Luke Air Force Base despite opposition",
        "publisher": "Arizona's Family (AZFamily)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Unincorporated Maricopa County near Surprise, AZ, north of Luke AFB. Construction targeted Q3 2026, first building online 2028. Coordinates are approximate. Coordinates corrected 2026-08-31 to the filed parcel (501-43-016A) in the southwest quarter of Section 28, Township 3 North, Range 1 West. The previously stored point fell roughly 8.2 miles NNW, in a different township. The 160-acre parcel holds the turbine yard, the data center buildings and the APS substation together, so a single approximate point represents the whole campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 700,
      "notes": "~700MW on-site natural gas generation. Still needs EPA air-quality sign-off."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "The CEC application states the data halls use a closed-loop chiller system that, once filled, reuses water without refilling. Note this is distinct from the plant's turbine INLET cooling, which is evaporative — the two systems must not be conflated. Permitted project; figures are as-filed, not operational."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 36000000000,
    "landAcres": 160,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Board of Supervisors approved 4-1 (May 2026).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "takanock-project-tallmadge-strasburg-va",
    "name": "Project Tallmadge",
    "operator": "Takanock, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9893,
      "lon": -78.3589,
      "city": "Strasburg",
      "county": "Shenandoah",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 180
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-22",
        "note": "Developer Takanock proposing a 180MW, 87-acre campus on land already zoned industrial, so data center use is by-right; additional permitting targeted for Q3 2027 with construction beginning the same quarter.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260819034219/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/87-acre-project-tallmadge-to-be-built-in-strasburg-virginia/",
        "label": "87-acre 'Project Tallmadge' to be built in Strasburg, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nvdaily.com/nvdaily/strasburg-data-center-proposal-prompts-questions-on-water-use-hydrogen-oversight/article_de441640-97e6-528b-a0e8-74085176ceb3.html",
        "label": "Strasburg data center proposal prompts questions on water use, hydrogen, oversight",
        "publisher": "The Northern Virginia Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "87-acre site on Borden Mowery Drive near Interstate 81 Exit 296 and the Mercury Paper plant in Strasburg's industrial park; roughly 2 million sq ft planned. Takanock develops the land and intends to sell to an as-yet-unnamed operator. Construction reported as potentially starting in late 2027 and concluding around 2030.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 400,
      "notes": "Takanock told DCD the campus brings its own power via 400MW of front-of-the-meter on-site natural gas generation; the project fact sheet states natural gas turbines, described locally as capable of switching to hydrogen in future."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Takanock spokesperson told DCD the data center will use closed-loop cooling; local reporting cites an estimated ~4,000 gallons per day of water use (about 1.46 million gallons annually) with a near-waterless closed-loop chilled system."
    },
    "landAcres": 87,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "talen-montour-ct-expansion-derry-township-montour-pa",
    "name": "Montour CT Project (Montour plant gas turbine expansion)",
    "operator": "Talen Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0333,
      "lon": -76.6667,
      "city": "Washingtonville",
      "county": "Montour",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1310
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "note": "Air Quality Plan Approval application published for comment in the August 22, 2026 PA Bulletin (p. 5593); DEP Northcentral Regional Office; comments due September 21, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/08/dep-invites-comments-on-air-permit-for.html",
        "label": "DEP Invites Comments On Air Permit For Montour CT Natural Gas Power Plant Expansion In Montour County To Feed Data Centers",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Permit application only — a pending plan approval is not an award and not a built unit. The 1,310 MW is the proposed addition, not the existing plant's capacity.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two 655 MW turbine generation units proposed as an addition to the existing Talen Montour natural gas plant. DEP's notice states the units are 'to feed A.I. data centers'."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "talen-montour-data-center-campus-montour-county-pa",
    "name": "Talen Energy Montour Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Talen Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.05,
      "lon": -76.67,
      "city": "Washingtonville",
      "county": "Montour",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "note": "Rezoning of roughly 1,000 acres in northern Montour County sought from agricultural to industrial; about a dozen data center buildings anticipated.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.northcentralpa.com/business/talen-energy-officials-address-community-concerns-about-rezoning/article_18cf27f5-6015-4978-a910-593e02b43c79.html",
        "label": "Talen Energy officials address community concerns about rezoning",
        "publisher": "NorthcentralPA.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/08/dep-invites-comments-on-air-permit-for.html",
        "label": "DEP Invites Comments On Air Permit For Montour CT Natural Gas Power Plant Expansion In Montour County To Feed Data Centers",
        "publisher": "PA Environment Digest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Talen is seeking to rezone approximately 1,000 acres in northern Montour County from agricultural to industrial; the company anticipates about a dozen buildings, each on two to three acres. Acreage figure is the rezoning request area, not a confirmed campus footprint, so no landAcres value is recorded. The request has drawn substantial local opposition over land use, pollution, water and noise. No tenant has been named.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Sited beside Talen's Montour plant. DEP published notice in the August 22, 2026 PA Bulletin of an air-quality plan approval application to add two 655 MW turbine generation units at Montour 'to feed A.I. data centers'; comments were due September 21, 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "talen-susquehanna-aws-pa",
    "name": "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station",
    "operator": "Talen Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.08889,
      "lon": -76.14889,
      "city": "Berwick",
      "county": "Luzerne",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2514
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-11-01",
        "note": "FERC votes 2-1 to reject the Talen-AWS behind-the-meter interconnection service agreement (ISA) amendment that would have raised co-located load from 300 MW to 480 MW",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-06-11",
        "note": "Talen and AWS announce an expanded 1,920 MW front-of-meter power supply agreement through 2042, restructured to avoid FERC interconnection approval",
        "sourceIndex": 7
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ir.talenenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/talen-energy-statement-ferc-order-rejecting-susquehanna-isa",
        "label": "Talen Energy Statement on FERC Order Rejecting Susquehanna ISA",
        "publisher": "Talen Energy Investor Relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ir.talenenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/talen-energy-statement-ferc-order-deferring-its-request",
        "label": "Talen Energy Statement on FERC Order Deferring its Request for Rehearing of Susquehanna ISA",
        "publisher": "Talen Energy Investor Relations",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162828024044828/a20241103pressreleaseferco.htm",
        "label": "Talen Energy Corp SEC Form 8-K (FERC order press release exhibit)",
        "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactors/susq1",
        "label": "Susquehanna Unit 1 reactor info",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactors/susq2",
        "label": "Susquehanna Unit 2 reactor info",
        "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-supply-agreement-expands-talen-amazon-partnership",
        "label": "New supply agreement expands Talen-Amazon partnership",
        "publisher": "World Nuclear News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Talen-sells-carbon-free-data-centre-to-Amazon-clou",
        "label": "Talen sells carbon-free data centre to Amazon cloud company",
        "publisher": "World Nuclear News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/talen-amazon-aws-susquehanna-nuclear-data-centert/750440/",
        "label": "Talen to sell Amazon 1.9 GW from Susquehanna nuclear plant",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-interconnection-isa-talen-amazon-data-center-susquehanna-exelon/731841/",
        "label": "FERC rejects interconnection pact for Talen-Amazon data center deal at nuclear plant",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aep-exelon-pjm-interconnection-amazon-data-center-talen-ferc-isa/719869/",
        "label": "AEP, Exelon challenge PJM interconnection pact for Amazon data center at Talen nuclear plant",
        "publisher": "Utility Dive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/ferc-rejects-amended-interconnection-agreement-for-amazon-data-center-at-susquehanna-nuclear-plant/",
        "label": "FERC rejects amended interconnection agreement for Amazon data center at Susquehanna nuclear plant",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/nuclear/aws-acquires-data-center-campus-connected-to-susquehanna-nuclear-station/",
        "label": "AWS acquires data center campus connected to Susquehanna nuclear station",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wnep.com/article/news/local/luzerne-county/amazon-spending-650-million-for-data-center-in-luzerne-county-talen-energy-susquehanna-steam-electric-station-nuclear-nuke-power-plant-acquisition-buy/523-73264033-187f-47b0-8769-d57c171c7aa6",
        "label": "Amazon spending $650 million for data center in Luzerne County",
        "publisher": "WNEP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna_Steam_Electric_Station",
        "label": "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-11",
    "notes": "Plant is located in Salem Township, Luzerne County (not Berwick borough proper); Berwick is the nearest named community, used here as the city label. Coordinates are Wikipedia's figure (NRC-sourced per Wikipedia's infobox), not independently re-verified against raw NRC data this session -- location.precision is 'approximate' pending that verification.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "notes": "Existing 2,514 MW two-unit (BWR) plant, operating since the 1980s. Up to 1,920 MW earmarked for AWS via a front-of-meter retail power supply PPA through 2042 (announced 2025-06-11), ramping from 840-1,200 MW by 2029 to 1,680-1,920 MW by 2032. This front-of-meter structure replaced the original co-located behind-the-meter arrangement after FERC rejected that interconnection service agreement 2-1 on 2024-11-01; transition expected after transmission reconfiguration, targeted spring 2026."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "notes": "American Electric Power (AEP) and Exelon formally intervened at FERC against the co-located behind-the-meter ISA amendment, arguing it could shift up to $140 million/year in transmission costs onto PJM ratepayers as a 'free rider' benefit -- a factor in the ISA's rejection. This is a regulatory/ratepayer-cost dispute among utilities, not local community opposition; the front-of-meter restructuring addresses the underlying jurisdictional issue.",
      "sourceIndex": 9
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "Amazon (AWS)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "aws-cumulus-salem-township-pa"
      ],
      "notes": "AWS bought Talen's co-located 'Cumulus' data center campus (land, power infrastructure, powered shell) for $650 million, announced/closed around March 2024. Talen and AWS have also stated intent to explore new small modular reactors (SMRs) in Talen's PA footprint and plant uprates to add net-new PJM capacity -- exploratory, not a committed project. Talen projects roughly $18 billion in total contract revenue over the life of the expanded 1,920 MW/through-2042 supply agreement (contract value, not capex)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tallassee-mill-data-center-al",
    "name": "Tallassee 1852 Mill Data Center Proposal",
    "operator": "Undisclosed private developers",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.5333016,
      "lon": -85.8901615,
      "city": "Tallassee",
      "county": "Elmore",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 10
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Two businessmen expressed interest in buying the 1852 mill property from the Tallassee Redevelopment Authority and converting the mill shell into a data center; the proposal surfaced publicly about two weeks before April 29, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05-18",
        "note": "Mayor Joey Wiginton and the Tallassee City Council took the data center off the table, with the mayor saying \"we don't understand enough about it to make a good decision on it\"; he added that developer interest had also diminished.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsfa.com/2026/04/29/historic-tallassee-mill-could-become-data-center-residents-urge-caution/",
        "label": "Historic Tallassee mill could become data center; residents urge caution",
        "publisher": "WSFA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wsfa.com/2026/05/18/tallassee-pulls-plug-data-center-plan-now/",
        "label": "Tallassee pulls plug on data center plan for now",
        "publisher": "WSFA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://tallasseetimes.com/2026/04/30/wiginton-elaborates-on-mill-property-data-center/",
        "label": "Wiginton Elaborates on Mill Property, Data Center",
        "publisher": "Tallassee Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Site is the shell of the historic 1852 textile mill on the west side of the Tallapoosa River, adjacent to Alabama Power's Thurlow Dam; the property is owned by the Tallassee Redevelopment Authority. Capacity reporting differs: WSFA described a 10 MW project that could grow to 20 MW, while the Tallassee Times reported the developers described a 20 MW facility - the conservative 10 MW figure is recorded. The developers, described as entrepreneurs based in South Carolina and Florida, were not named in either account, so the operator field is a placeholder rather than a verified entity. Developers claimed 15-30 permanent positions. Coordinate is the OpenStreetMap \"Tallassee Mills\" feature.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tallgrass-cheyenne-power-hub-wy",
    "name": "Tallgrass Cheyenne Power Hub (BFC Power Project)",
    "operator": "Tallgrass Integrated Logistics Solutions",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.02,
      "lon": -104.83,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2700
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/wyoming-approves-data-center-campus-that-includes-2-7-gw-of-new-natural-gas-fired-generation/",
        "label": "Wyoming Approves Data Center Campus That Includes 2.7 GW of New Natural Gas-Fired Generation",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260515439891/en/Tallgrass-and-Mitsubishi-Power-Americas-Announce-Turbine-Allocation-for-Cheyenne-Power-Hub",
        "label": "Tallgrass and Mitsubishi Power Americas Announce Turbine Allocation for Cheyenne Power Hub",
        "publisher": "Business Wire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/county-commissioners-approve-data-center-power-plant-facilities-south-of-cheyenne/article_8dd9c94a-32c0-4ab5-9ea4-066936c81562.html",
        "label": "County commissioners approve data center, power plant facilities south of Cheyenne",
        "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/BFC_Power_and_Cheyenne_Power_Hub",
        "label": "BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/wyoming-data-center-power-projects-highlight-new-entrants-partnerships-in-power-generation-market/",
        "label": "Wyoming data center power projects highlight new entrants, partnerships in power generation market",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyofile.com/laramie-county-approves-construction-of-what-could-become-the-largest-data-center-in-us/",
        "label": "Laramie County approves construction of what could become the largest data center in US",
        "publisher": "WyoFile",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Dedicated natural-gas power hub built by Tallgrass to supply the Crusoe/Google 'Project Tembo' campus (tracked separately as tallgrass-project-jade-cheyenne-wy). Laramie County approved the Switchgrass Industrial Park site plan in January 2026; over $7 billion in planned investment.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 1150,
      "notes": "Natural gas-fired generation to serve the adjacent data center campus: a fuel cell yard, two combined-cycle natural gas turbines, and both temporary and permanent aeroderivative/light-duty simple-cycle turbines."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 7000000000,
    "landAcres": 659,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Hyndman Homesites Homeowners Association raised concerns about deep wells drilled into the aquifer, increased traffic and noise, light pollution, gas turbine emissions and noxious odors.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Google (Project Tembo, via Jupiter Star Holdings)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "tallgrass-project-jade-cheyenne-wy"
      ],
      "notes": "First phase: two Mitsubishi Power M501JAC gas turbines totaling roughly 1,150MW, fueled via Tallgrass' Rockies Express Pipeline; sited within the 1,375-acre Switchgrass Industrial Park PUD approved by Laramie County."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tallgrass-project-jade-cheyenne-wy",
    "name": "Project Tembo",
    "operator": "Google",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.12,
      "lon": -104.82,
      "city": "Cheyenne",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2700
    },
    "poweredBy": "On-site natural gas (Tallgrass Cheyenne Power Hub)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Laramie County approved the project Jan 2026; site work underway at Switchgrass Industrial Park (Hwy 85 south of Cheyenne). Crusoe (original builder) exited June 2026; Tallgrass now works directly with the unnamed DC client",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Google publicly revealed as owner/operator (via subsidiary Jupiter Star Holdings, which replaced Crusoe Energy as builder); project renamed 'Project Tembo'. Capacity confirmed at 2.7GW with potential to scale to 10GW total. Completion targeted 2031.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-gets-go-ahead-for-18gw-data-center-campus-and-power-plant-in-cheyenne-wyoming/",
        "label": "Crusoe gets go-ahead for 1.8GW data center campus and power plant in Cheyenne, Wyoming",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/06/11/partner-pulling-out-doesnt-slow-huge-2-7gw-cheyenne-project-jade-data-center/",
        "label": "Partner pulling out doesn't slow huge 2.7GW Cheyenne Project Jade data center",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/08/google-revealed-as-owner-of-wyomings-largest-data-center-now-project-tembo/",
        "label": "Say Hello To Google, The Mystery Owner Behind Wyoming's Largest Data Center Project",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/wyoming-approves-data-center-campus-that-includes-2-7-gw-of-new-natural-gas-fired-generation/",
        "label": "Wyoming Approves Data Center Campus That Includes 2.7 GW of New Natural Gas-Fired Generation",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/wyoming-data-center-power-projects-highlight-new-entrants-partnerships-in-power-generation-market/",
        "label": "Wyoming data center power projects highlight new entrants, partnerships in power generation market",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wyofile.com/laramie-county-approves-construction-of-what-could-become-the-largest-data-center-in-us/",
        "label": "Laramie County approves construction of what could become the largest data center in US",
        "publisher": "WyoFile",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Switchgrass Industrial Park, Hwy 85 south of Cheyenne, Laramie County - geographically distinct from Meta (Project Cosmo) and Microsoft's Cheyenne campuses. 716-acre campus. Originally announced at 1.8GW as 'Project Jade' with an undisclosed hyperscale client (Crusoe Energy as builder); Crusoe exited June 2026. On 2026-07-08, Google was publicly revealed as owner/operator via subsidiary Jupiter Star Holdings, and the project was renamed 'Project Tembo'; capacity confirmed at 2.7GW with an ultimate ceiling of up to 10GW. The Cheyenne Power Hub on-site natural-gas plant supplies power (Tallgrass Energy; Black Hills Energy co-invested). ~$50B total project figure remains a projection. Completion targeted 2031.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Black Hills Energy",
      "notes": "Cheyenne Power Hub natural-gas plant (Tallgrass), scalable toward multi-GW; Black Hills Energy co-invested."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop cooling systems recirculating treated water; plans include deep wells beneath the Lance Formation to reach industrial water below the Ogallala Aquifer. Wastewater treatment is to occur on site with evaporative lagoon storage, which is disposal rather than the heat-rejection method."
    },
    "landAcres": 716,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 5000,
      "permanent": 400,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "taurus-digital-realty-project-bunkhouse-stilesboro-ga",
    "name": "Project Bunkhouse (Taurus/Digital Realty Data Center Campus)",
    "operator": "Taurus Investment Holdings (Taurus DC SPE LLC); to be managed by Digital Realty",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.087,
      "lon": -84.91,
      "city": "Stilesboro",
      "county": "Bartow",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1830
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-06-04",
        "note": "permitted per Bartow County Commissioner rezoning approval, Project Bunkhouse (Taurus DC SPE LLC)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.daily-tribune.com/news/taylor-approves-project-bunkhouse-rezoning/article_cd988e43-8419-51e1-b443-729a16fe9b24.html",
        "label": "Bartow County Commissioner rezoning approval, Project Bunkhouse (Taurus DC SPE LLC)",
        "publisher": "Daily Tribune News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/application-filed-for-86-million-sq-ft-data-center-project-outside-atlanta-georgia/",
        "label": "Application filed for 8.6 million sq ft data center project outside Atlanta, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://coosavalleynews.com/2025/05/bartow-planning-commission-recommends-approval-of-data-center-near-stilesboro/",
        "label": "Bartow Planning Commission recommends approval of data center near Stilesboro",
        "publisher": "Coosa Valley News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mykcountry.com/2026/07/07/bartow-countys-sole-commissioner-discusses-data-centers/",
        "label": "Bartow County's sole commissioner discusses data centers (context on county DC pipeline)",
        "publisher": "My K Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Rezoning approved by county commissioner June 4, 2025 after unanimous planning commission recommendation May 19/20, 2025. 12-building, 8.6M sq ft build-out per DCD; capacity/investment figures ($19B, 1,830MW) are widely reported industry estimates (DCD/CleanView/Server Country) tied to the project, not yet independently verified against a bond-validation dollar figure — flagged as reported-tier confidence on the financial figures even though the rezoning itself is confirmed via primary county action. Bartow County rezoning (8.3M sqft cap, 876.57 ac) confirmed via the county commissioner approval; the ~1,830 MW / ~$19B figures are widely-reported industry estimates, not a permit/bond figure — recorded reported-tier.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 19000000000,
    "landAcres": 876.57,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Unanimous planning-commission recommendation (May 2025) followed by county approval (June 2025)."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tcdc-ector-county-tx",
    "name": "Texas Critical Data Centers (TCDC)",
    "operator": "Sharon AI + New Era Energy & Digital (joint venture)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.87,
      "lon": -102.54,
      "county": "Ector",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "poweredBy": "Thunderhead Energy Solutions (behind-the-meter gas) + ERCOT grid interconnection",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tcdc-signs-loi-to-acquire-an-additional-203-acres-for-offgrid-data-center-campus-in-ector-county-texas/",
        "label": "TCDC signs LOI to acquire an additional 203 acres for off-grid data center campus in Ector County, Texas",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sharonai.com/press-releases/sharon-ai-completes-phase-one-engineering-for-flagship-ai-data-center-campus-joint-venture-in-texas/",
        "label": "Sharon AI: Sharon AI Completes Phase One Engineering for Flagship AI Data Center Campus JV in Texas (Thunderhead Energy Solutions 250MW behind-the-meter agreement, SB6/grid interconnection plan)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251223632678/en/New-Era-Energy-Digital-Secures-Full-Ownership-of-Texas-Critical-Data-Centers-Through-Binding-Agreement-Completes-203-Acre-Land-Acquisition-Expanding-TCDC-Campus-in-Ector-County-Texas",
        "label": "Businesswire: New Era Energy & Digital Secures Full Ownership of Texas Critical Data Centers, Completes 203-Acre Land Acquisition Expanding TCDC Campus in Ector County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Potential to scale beyond 1GW (ceiling, not a confirmed committed figure). Power partners Thunderhead Energy Solutions and Mawgan Capital (behind-the-meter gas generation); GlobeLink providing dark fiber. Phased: first 100MW segment targeted online by December 2026, remaining 150MW roughly 6 months later. Coordinates are approximate (Odessa area).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 250,
      "notes": "Hybrid: ERCOT grid interconnection plus a non-binding letter agreement with Thunderhead Energy Solutions for ~250 MW of behind-the-meter gas generation (reciprocating engines + turbines), per New Era Energy / Sharon AI releases."
    },
    "landAcres": 438,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "tecfusions-keystone-connect-upper-burrell-pa",
    "name": "TECfusions Keystone Connect",
    "operator": "TECfusions",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5817,
      "lon": -79.705,
      "city": "Upper Burrell Township",
      "county": "Westmoreland",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 3000,
      "operational": 12
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01-14",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-14",
        "note": "TECfusions announced acquisition of the 1,395-acre former Alcoa R&D campus and a phased 3 GW AI/HPC campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tecfusions-unveils-massive-1400-acre-data-center-project-in-pennsylvania-revitalizing-former-industrial-plant-302350041.html",
        "label": "TECfusions Unveils Massive 1400-Acre Data Center Project in Pennsylvania, Revitalizing Former Industrial Plant",
        "publisher": "TECfusions via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/pennsylvania",
        "label": "Data Centers in Pennsylvania — Project List & Locations (TECfusions Keystone Connect, Westmoreland, 3,000 MW planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.publicsource.org/upper-burrell-data-center-transparency-backlash/",
        "label": "Upper Burrell residents decry transparency as data center progresses despite moratorium and a lawsuit",
        "publisher": "PublicSource",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Adaptive reuse of the former Alcoa research and development campus in Upper Burrell, Westmoreland County: 1,395 acres, 3 GW planned over a six-year buildout, with 12 MW described as immediately available in existing buildings. Awarded a $2 million Pennsylvania RACP grant. Investment total not disclosed by the developer.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "On-site natural gas generation with dual utility feeds and microgrid capability; the developer says discussions are under way to export excess power to the local grid."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Pennsylvania Redevelopment Assistance Capital Program (RACP)",
        "amountUsd": 2000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 1395,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Upper Burrell Township passed a 180-day data-center moratorium in May 2026, but it did not apply to permits already granted to TECfusions for 'Building J', and supervisors approved a land development plan for that building on Aug. 5, 2026 despite the moratorium. Protect PT (an environmental advocacy group) and New Kensington residents Fuller and Allen Uhler filed a land-use appeal against township approvals with the Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas. More than 50 residents attended an August supervisors meeting, most opposed.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "tech-vault-south-burlington-vt",
    "name": "Tech Vault Data Center",
    "operator": "Tech Vault, Inc.",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.4541938,
      "lon": -73.1417505,
      "city": "South Burlington",
      "county": "Chittenden",
      "street": "21 Gregory Drive, Suite 165",
      "state": "VT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.techvault.net/vermont-data-center-facility/",
        "label": "Vermont Data Center Facility - Tech Vault",
        "publisher": "Tech Vault, Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://web.vermont.org/Communications/Tech-Vault,-Inc-4522",
        "label": "Tech Vault, Inc. - Lake Champlain Chamber",
        "publisher": "Lake Champlain Chamber",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vermontbiz.com/news/2013/april/12/state-awards-tech-vault-long-term-data-center-agreement",
        "label": "State awards Tech Vault long-term data center agreement",
        "publisher": "Vermont Business Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Vermont's first commercial, LEED-certified (Silver, for both the building and data center operations), carrier-neutral colocation facility, per the operator's own site (sourceIndex 0), independently corroborated on address by the Lake Champlain Chamber's member profile (sourceIndex 1). 39,000 sq ft of data center space; a 500KW APC Symetra UPS system and an 800KW diesel generator for backup power. Compliance: SOC 2 Type 2, HIPAA, PCI DSS, NIST 800-53, CMMC. Serves state/federal government, military, legal, financial, medical, educational, manufacturing and logistics clients. In 2013 the State of Vermont awarded Tech Vault a long-term data center services agreement (sourceIndex 2, publisher's own headline; the article itself could not be fetched -- 403 Forbidden -- so contract length and scope are not independently confirmed beyond that headline). No numeric MW capacity was stated. Precision is approximate because the address includes a specific suite number (#165) within a larger building (OSM building match: way/620853192).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "telehouse-chelsea-manhattan-ny",
    "name": "Telehouse New York Chelsea (85 10th Avenue)",
    "operator": "Telehouse America (KDDI)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.743446,
      "lon": -74.00734,
      "city": "New York",
      "county": "New York",
      "street": "85 10th Avenue",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/telehouse-chelsea-center-85-10th-avenue",
        "label": "Telehouse Chelsea Center (85 10th Avenue) Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.telehouse.com/global-data-centers/america/new-york-datacenters/telehouse-new-york-chelsea/",
        "label": "Telehouse — New York Chelsea data center (85 10th Avenue)",
        "publisher": "Telehouse America",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Telehouse leases and operates carrier-neutral colocation space within an 11-story, 635,000 sq ft former Nabisco factory building (owned by Related Companies and Vornado Realty Trust) on the border of West Chelsea and the Meatpacking District; PUE reported as 1.69. Acquired by Telehouse in 2011 (previously a Lehman Brothers data center). Distinct building and operator from the existing 32 Avenue of the Americas, 60 Hudson Street, and 325 Hudson Street carrier-hotel records already in the dataset. No capacity in MW, investment, or AI-use figure found as of 2026-09-13, omitted rather than guessed. Coordinates geocoded from the street address via US Census geocoder (address-range interpolation, not a confirmed floor footprint), hence approximate precision. aiClassification omitted -- general-purpose carrier-neutral colocation, no AI/GPU capacity confirmed at this specific site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "telehouse-staten-island-ny",
    "name": "Telehouse New York (Staten Island Teleport)",
    "operator": "Telehouse America (KDDI)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.606205,
      "lon": -74.171125,
      "city": "Staten Island",
      "county": "Richmond",
      "street": "7 Teleport Drive",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/building/7-teleport-drive-staten-island/telehouse/datacenter/telehouse-new-york-teleport",
        "label": "Telehouse New York Teleport building profile",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.telehouse.com/2016/06/07/benefits-colocation-staten-island/",
        "label": "Surprising Benefits to Colocation on Staten Island",
        "publisher": "Telehouse",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation data center within the Staten Island Teleport, a ~100-acre office park (440 acres total) operated by the Port Authority of NY/NJ; construction began 1989. Facility carries dual utility feeds (Con Edison and PSE&G). Not previously in the dataset's NY carrier-hotel coverage (existing records are Manhattan-only: 32 Avenue of the Americas, 60 Hudson Street, 325 Hudson Street, JFK10). No capacity, investment, or AI-use figures found as of 2026-09-13; coordinates geocoded from the street address via US Census geocoder (address-range interpolation, not a confirmed parcel/building footprint), hence approximate precision.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "telkite-aeris-ki-sawyer-marquette-mi",
    "name": "K.I. Sawyer Data Center (SAGE building / Greenfield Campus)",
    "operator": "Aeris Energy (with Telkite Enterprises)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.3529764,
      "lon": -87.3915429,
      "city": "K. I. Sawyer",
      "county": "Marquette",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Aeris Energy (president Barry Bahrman) and Telkite Enterprises (executive director Vikki Kulju) are marketing the former K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base SAGE building and ~1,000 acres for data center use; land owner is Mango Investments LLC. \"There's been no permit, no application to the townships or even any end users\" identified.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.myupnow.com/news/local/he-wants-to-bring-a-data-center-to-the-upper-peninsula-he-also-says-dont/article_ef82a784-75a0-4bbd-80e3-cec8ad62726d.html",
        "label": "He wants to bring a data center to the Upper Peninsula. He also says don't panic.",
        "publisher": "myUPnow (Upper Peninsula)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=K.I.%20Sawyer%2C%20Forsyth%20Township%2C%20Marquette%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for K.I. Sawyer, Marquette County, Michigan",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Marketing-stage only: no permit, no township application, no end user. Capacity tiers advertised by the promoters (25 MW / 50 MW / 500-1,000 MW, phased) are sales material, not committed capacity, and are deliberately NOT recorded in capacityMw. Press places the site in Forsyth Township; the OSM geocode for the K.I. Sawyer place resolves inside Sands Township — the former base straddles both, so only the county is asserted here.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Backers describe building an on-site natural gas generator only once an end user is signed; construction of the generator \"could take up to two years.\" No generation capacity or permit has been published."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tenaska-lindsay-hill-billingsley-al",
    "name": "Lindsay Hill Generating Station",
    "operator": "Alabama Power",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.6525824,
      "lon": -86.738749,
      "city": "Billingsley",
      "county": "Autauga",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 900
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/renewable-energy-advocates-challenge-alabama-powers-request-to-buy-natural-gas-plant/",
        "label": "Renewable energy advocates challenge Alabama Power's request to buy natural gas plant",
        "publisher": "Power Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter",
        "label": "Overpass API query returning OSM way 596085288 \"Tenaska Lindsay Hill Generating Station\" (power=plant, plant:source=gas, plant:type=combined_cycle, plant:output:electricity=939.4 MW, ref:US:EIA=55271, operator=Tenaska Alabama Partners LP, start_date=2002-05) centred at 32.6525824, -86.738749",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Overpass API (tags sourced from EIA-860)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "⚠️ SCOPE FLAG FOR THE MAINTAINER — include or drop deliberately. This is an EXISTING 2002 merchant combined-cycle plant that Alabama Power sought to ACQUIRE, not new generation built for a compute customer, and it has no compute offtaker. It is recorded here because the state's own regulatory record ties the acquisition directly to data-center load growth, and because Alabama previously had ZERO power_generation records. If Compute Atlas reserves power_generation for generation DEDICATED to compute load, this record should be dropped rather than published. FIGURES NOT RECORDED because no source was fetched stating them in this run: the widely reported $622 million purchase price and the ~$3.32/month customer bill increase beginning 2027 (both appear only in Inside Climate News and SELC coverage, which returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch in this run), and the PSC docket number. STATUS is \"operational\" — the plant has run since May 2002; the 2025-2026 PSC proceeding concerns its ownership, not its existence. The operator field records Alabama Power (the acquirer named in the fetched source); OSM/EIA still list Tenaska Alabama Partners LP as operator, so this should be re-verified against the PSC order before publishing. Coordinates are the OSM plant polygon centroid, which is tagged from EIA-860, hence precision \"exact\".",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle natural gas. Power Engineering states the plant is \"900 megawatts\" at Billingsley, Autauga County, and reports that \"Two new data centers are expected to come online in the next few years, which Alabama Power said increases the load on the system in its filing with the Alabama Public Service Commission.\" Alabama Power's resource-planning manager said the plant would help \"address an expected shortfall of energy by 2029\", with a forecast deficit of 1,179 MW by 2029 driven partly by data-center-led industrial demand. NO COMPUTE OFFTAKER: this is utility system capacity, not power contracted to a named compute company, so `offtaker` and `poweredFacilityIds` are deliberately empty. OSM/EIA-860 record the plant as \"Tenaska Lindsay Hill Generating Station\", operator Tenaska Alabama Partners LP, EIA plant ID 55271, combined_cycle gas, 939.4 MW nameplate, in service 2002-05 — the 900 MW figure quoted by Power Engineering and the 939.4 MW EIA nameplate are recorded as stated and NOT reconciled."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tenaska-nebraska-ai-campus-power-plant-proposed",
    "name": "Tenaska Southeast Nebraska Power Plant (proposed)",
    "operator": "Tenaska",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.474,
      "lon": -96.371,
      "county": "Otoe",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Reported March 2026 from documents surfaced at a January 2026 Nebraska public power district meeting; Google, Tenaska and Tallgrass Energy all declined to confirm.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/google-proposes-nebraska-data-center-requiring-more-power-than-all-of-lincoln/",
        "label": "Google proposes Nebraska data center requiring more power than all of Lincoln — privately built natural gas plant with carbon capture, 1,000-3,000 MW, developer Tenaska, online as soon as 2029",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investigatemidwest.org/2026/04/01/a-look-behind-the-scenes-of-what-could-be-googles-biggest-test-of-carbon-capture/",
        "label": "A look behind the scenes of what could be Google's biggest test of carbon capture — combined-cycle gas plant would be Nebraska's largest; Sen. Myron Dorn optioned ~80 acres to Tenaska",
        "publisher": "Investigate Midwest",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/a-nebraska-county-just-banned-new-data-centers-for-up-to-a-year-more-could-follow/",
        "label": "A Nebraska county just banned new data centers for up to a year — Otoe County moratorium; Tenaska option acreage by county: Gage 1,509; Otoe 1,454; Cass 1,123; Lancaster ~680",
        "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://grist.org/accountability/google-data-center-carbon-capture-nebraska/",
        "label": "Google's data-center boom comes to Nebraska — over 2,600 acres under option since December; contingent on LB1261",
        "publisher": "Grist",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2026/03/13/google-proposes-nebraska-data-center-requiring-more-power-than-all-lincoln/",
        "label": "Google proposes Nebraska data center requiring more power than all of Lincoln",
        "publisher": "1011 NOW (KOLN)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-16",
    "notes": "The dedicated-generation half of the proposed Google/Tenaska southeast-Nebraska campus already tracked as google-nebraska-ai-campus-proposed, split into its own record per the dataset's same-site power+compute convention (cf. alterra-marshall-technology-energy-center-gas-mi). Tenaska (Omaha-based) would build and operate a privately owned combined-cycle natural gas plant sized at 1,000-3,000 MW — at the top of that range larger than Gerald Gentleman Station, Nebraska's largest existing plant. A Tenaska representative told Otoe County landowner Rick Wheatley the company was assembling roughly 2,000 acres near a gas pipeline for a plant that could serve an AI center; landAcres records that stated assembly TARGET, not a purchased parcel. capacityMw.planned uses the LOW end (1,000 MW) of the reported range. Carbon capture is planned with Tallgrass Energy named as a possible CO2 transporter — Tallgrass has publicly denied any current partnership, so that link is recorded as reported-and-denied, not as fact. The project depends on passage of Nebraska LB1261, which would let privately owned plants interconnect to public power district grids and sell excess power back. No site has been fixed: Tenaska holds options across Gage (1,509 ac), Otoe (1,454 ac), Cass (1,123 ac) and Lancaster (~680 ac) counties. Coordinates mirror the approximate Otoe/Gage search-area centroid already used on the paired compute record — NOT a siting-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Combined-cycle natural gas with planned carbon capture. Would interconnect to a Nebraska public power district grid and sell excess power back, contingent on LB1261."
    },
    "landAcres": 2000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Otoe County commissioners voted to suspend permits for new data centers for up to one year (May 2026) to study impacts and update regulations; the Gage County planning commission separately recommended an 18-month moratorium. Roughly 70 people attended a late-April 2026 community meeting about the potential plant. State Sen. Myron Dorn of Gage County signed a land option with Tenaska for about 80 acres and later filed a conflict-of-interest disclosure.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "google-nebraska-ai-campus-proposed"
      ],
      "notes": "Privately built plant intended to serve the proposed Google campus, with excess sold back to the local public power district. Timeline: online as soon as 2029."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tenhats-fort-summit-knoxville-tn",
    "name": "The Fort (TenHats Knoxville Data Center)",
    "operator": "TenHats (formerly SH Data Technologies)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9704933,
      "lon": -83.9184704,
      "city": "Knoxville",
      "county": "Knox",
      "street": "550 Fort Summit Way",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.teknovation.biz/sh-data-technologies-rebrands-as-tenhats/",
        "label": "SH Data Technologies rebrands as TenHats",
        "publisher": "Teknovation.biz",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tenhats.com/",
        "label": "TenHats",
        "publisher": "TenHats",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility branded 'The Fort,' originally built out by SH Data Technologies at the former Fort Hill building (901 E Summit Hill Ave, per secondary sources not independently fetched this run) after a 2014 purchase, then relocated/rebranded as TenHats at '550 Fort Summit Way, near Knoxville's Old City' (Teknovation.biz, 2022-02-01 -- confirmed again on tenhats.com's own site, which lists '550 Fort Summit Way, Knoxville, TN 37915'). Never previously in the dataset. COORDINATE CAVEAT: neither the US Census geocoder nor OSM Nominatim could resolve '550 Fort Summit Way' (zero matches, tried with and without zip, plus a structured query) -- the street appears to postdate both services' address indexes. This pin is the OSM 'Old City' quarter centroid (a landmark disclosed in the sources as the facility's location), not the parcel; precision is explicitly 'approximate' for that reason despite a street address being on file. A city-wide one-year moratorium on new data-center permits (Knoxville City Council, reported by WATE) postdates this facility's 2014 origin and does not apply retroactively to it; not modeled as a community-status entry here because no source fetched this run ties it specifically to this site. Capacity/MW not found in any source fetched this run -- a third-party aggregator (baxtel.com) surfaced but is unconfirmed and omitted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tenkey-franklin-ky",
    "name": "TenKey LandCo Project Lionsgate – Franklin Data Center",
    "operator": "TenKey LandCo I LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.703,
      "lon": -86.591,
      "city": "Franklin",
      "county": "Simpson",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Warren Rural Electric Co-op Corp",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "TenKey LandCo first approaches Franklin; city council and planning commission vote unanimously to reject proposed zoning change; project internally called Project Lionsgate/Blackjack"
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "Franklin Planning & Zoning Commission approves preliminary development plan 3-2 after two prior defeats",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Citizens group files suit to overturn P&Z approval; TenKey's own lawsuit against Simpson County over land use ordinance ongoing",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wkyufm.org/news/2026-04-14/second-lawsuit-filed-over-proposed-data-center-in-simpson-county",
        "label": "Second lawsuit filed over proposed data center in Simpson County",
        "publisher": "WKYU Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2026-01-28/data-center-developer-sues-simpson-county-government-over-land-use-ordinance",
        "label": "Data center developer sues Simpson County government over land use ordinance",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Site: 421 Steele Road (Steele Road near Exit 2 on I-65), Franklin, Simpson County, KY. Coordinates are approximate for that I-65 exit area within Franklin city limits. Three 200,000 sq ft buildings plus on-site natural gas power generation planned. End hyperscaler not publicly identified; Simpson County Judge-Executive Mason Barnes refused to sign NDA and called the pitch full of red flags. Data center opposition became a factor in May 2026 local primary elections in Simpson County. Fix: investmentUsd corrected from $1.6B to $4.8B — LPM confirms total project is 'nearly $5 billion'; the $1.6B figure in the original record is the per-building cost (each of three 200,000 sq ft facilities costs approximately $1.6B, totaling ~$4.8B).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Warren Rural Electric Co-op Corp"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4800000000,
    "landAcres": 200,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Two active lawsuits: (1) TenKey LandCo sues Simpson County in Simpson Circuit Court challenging a December 2025 county ordinance requiring conditional-use permits for data centers, arguing county lacks zoning authority inside Franklin city limits; (2) Franklin Citizens for Responsible Development sues the Franklin P&Z Commission alleging it lacked authority to approve the preliminary plan, which passed 3-2 in March 2026. Prior unanimous rejections by Franklin city council and planning commission. End user never publicly disclosed; developer refused to reveal it without NDAs.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tennessee-south-data-center-smyrna-tn",
    "name": "Tennessee South Data Center (State of Tennessee)",
    "operator": "State of Tennessee — Strategic Technology Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9934295,
      "lon": -86.4958261,
      "city": "Smyrna",
      "county": "Rutherford",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-14",
        "note": "State-owned data center supporting critical computer functions for Tennessee's executive branch; 50,000 sq ft building with 25,000 sq ft of data-center space, 2N electrical distribution and UPS, and an N+1 generator plant (two 2,000 kW units) fed by two 3,000-amp 277/480 V services.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.abecelectric.com/tennessee-south-data-center",
        "label": "Tennessee South Data Center — Smyrna, TN (electrical scope: two 3,000 A services, 2N UPS, two 2,000 kW generators)",
        "publisher": "ABEC Electric Company, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://iceagents.com/index.php/project/tn-south-data-centers-smyrna-tn/",
        "label": "TN South Data Center, Smyrna TN — commissioning project record (State of Tennessee executive-branch computing)",
        "publisher": "International Commissioning Engineers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/930226814",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 930226814 — 'Tennessee South Data Center', operator=State of Tennessee, telecom=data_center",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "No street address is asserted: the address circulating in directory listings (92 Weakley Lane) was not confirmed on any page retrieved this session, and the address printed on the electrical contractor's page is the contractor's own Nashville office, not this facility.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tep-springerville-gas-conversion-az",
    "name": "Springerville Generating Station Coal-to-Gas Conversion",
    "operator": "Tucson Electric Power",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.3184951,
      "lon": -109.1642337,
      "city": "Springerville",
      "county": "Apache",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-03-04",
        "note": "Arizona Corporation Commission approved TEP's amendment to the station's Certificate of Environmental Compatibility (Decision No. 81675) allowing natural gas fuel; an ADEQ Class I (Title V) Air Permit No. 93322 revision remains pending.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tep.com/sgs-repower/",
        "label": "Springerville Generating Station Repowering Project",
        "publisher": "Tucson Electric Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tep.com/news/tep-to-convert-coal-fired-springerville-generating-station-units-to-natural-gas/",
        "label": "TEP to Convert Coal-Fired Springerville Generating Station Units to Natural Gas",
        "publisher": "Tucson Electric Power",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.powermag.com/coal-to-gas-conversions-approved-for-two-arizona-power-plants/",
        "label": "Coal-to-Gas Conversions Approved for Two Arizona Power Plants",
        "publisher": "POWER Magazine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/386617554",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way 386617554 — Springerville Generating Station (power=plant, EIA 8223), read via the Overpass API",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Conversion of TEP's Units 1 and 2 at Springerville from coal to natural gas, targeted for 2030 with a gas pipeline expected by 2029. POWER Magazine reports TEP's conversion cost at $170-200 million and that $450 million in upgrades would otherwise have been needed to keep burning coal; the cost is reported as a range and is therefore not recorded as investmentUsd. Coordinates and the EIA plant code come from the OpenStreetMap plant polygon; Wikipedia independently gives 34.31778 / -109.16528 for the station.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Tucson Electric Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "TEP Units 1 and 2, together described by TEP as 'nearly 800 megawatts (MW)' of retiring coal-fired capacity, converted to natural gas by 2030. SRP's Unit 4 at the same station is a SEPARATE conversion approved by the ACC on 8 July 2026, and Tri-State's Unit 3 is planned for retirement; neither is counted in capacityMw here."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "teraplex-gallup-tradeport-mckinley-county-nm",
    "name": "Teraplex Gallup Tradeport Data Center",
    "operator": "Teraplex Data Centers LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.5203,
      "lon": -108.8367,
      "city": "Gallup",
      "county": "McKinley",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04-28",
        "note": "Gallup City Council deferred action on the treated-effluent option agreement amendment; the project has no approval and the effluent amendment was still unapproved as of mid-July 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://gallupsunweekly.com/2026/05/08/data-centerdilemma/",
        "label": "Data center dilemma",
        "publisher": "Gallup Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://servercountry.org/policy/new-mexico/",
        "label": "New Mexico Data Center Policy — Gallup Tradeport entry and local ordinance table",
        "publisher": "Server Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Proposed on the Gallup/McKinley County Regional Tradeport off Carbon Coal Road, north of Mentmore. Teraplex is a Washington, D.C.-based firm incorporated in late 2025; co-founder Greg Thompson is the public spokesperson, and he has named Oracle, Meta, Amazon and Microsoft only as example tenant types, not as signed tenants. Agreement terms require land purchase within four years and construction start within five years of purchase or the city may cancel. Coordinate is a locality-level approximation anchored on Mentmore/Gallup — not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Developer describes a mix of on-site solar and natural gas generation and says the campus would not draw from Gallup's municipal power grid. No MW figure has been disclosed publicly."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Teraplex sought an option to buy up to 109.5 million gallons (about 336 acre-feet) of treated effluent annually from the City of Gallup at $5.66 per 1,000 gallons through 2040 — reclaimed wastewater, not potable supply. Gallup's treatment plant processes about 2.3 million gallons per day. Heat-rejection method not disclosed, so coolingType is left unset."
    },
    "landAcres": 330,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2500,
      "permanent": 300,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "About a dozen residents spoke against the project at the April 28, 2026 Gallup City Council meeting, citing water rights and unfulfilled promises from similar projects; the council voted to defer the third amendment to the effluent option agreement, with the mayor the sole 'no' vote on deferral.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "terawulf-hawesville-ky",
    "name": "Justified Data Campus",
    "operator": "TeraWulf",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.8999,
      "lon": -86.7569,
      "city": "Hawesville",
      "county": "Hancock",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 401
    },
    "poweredBy": "Big Rivers Electric Corporation",
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "TeraWulf acquired ~750-acre former Century Aluminum smelter site from Century Aluminum subsidiary; Justified Data campus announced February 2, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "20-year lease signed with Anthropic PBC (via TeraWulf's Raylan Data LLC entity) for 401 MW critical IT load; ~$19B contracted lease revenue over initial term. Initial capacity targeted H2 2027; full 401 MW ramp by early 2028. Announced July 6, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/142/terawulf-announces-anthropic-lease-at-justified-data-campus-and-sale-of-majority-interest-in-abernathy-joint-venture-to-fluidstack",
        "label": "TeraWulf Announces Anthropic Lease at Justified Data Campus",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/07/06/3322382/0/en/terawulf-announces-anthropic-lease-at-justified-data-campus-and-sale-of-majority-interest-in-abernathy-joint-venture-to-fluidstack",
        "label": "TeraWulf Announces Anthropic Lease at Justified Data Campus (GlobeNewswire)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/129/terawulf-expands-digital-and-power-infrastructure-portfolio-with-strategic-acquisitions-in-kentucky-and-maryland",
        "label": "TeraWulf Expands Digital and Power Infrastructure Portfolio — Kentucky and Maryland Acquisitions",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/2/2/3230607/0/en/terawulf-expands-digital-and-power-infrastructure-portfolio-with-strategic-acquisitions-in-kentucky-and-maryland",
        "label": "TeraWulf Expands Digital and Power Infrastructure Portfolio (GlobeNewswire, Feb 2026)",
        "publisher": "GlobeNewswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://psc.ky.gov/trf4/uploadedFiles/900_Big_Rivers_Electric_Corporation/04142026121035/Cover_Letter_Redacted.pdf",
        "label": "Big Rivers Electric Corporation — PSC Retail Service Agreement Filing for Justified Data Project",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2026/02/14/ai-database-hawesville",
        "label": "Hawesville smelter to become AI data center; community split on economic impact",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://blockspace.media/insight/terawulf-signs-anthropic-lease-sells-abernathy/",
        "label": "TeraWulf signs 20-year Anthropic lease for 401 MW at Kentucky data campus",
        "publisher": "Blockspace",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/anthropic-signs-19bn-20-year-lease-for-kentucky-data-center-with-terawulf/",
        "label": "Anthropic signs $19bn, 20-year lease for Kentucky data center with TeraWulf",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2026/07/06/ai-company-anthropic-commits-to-long-term-hawesville-campus",
        "label": "AI company Anthropic commits to long-term Hawesville campus",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/terawulf-fluor-data-center-preconstruction-kentucky-megaproject/815027/",
        "label": "Construction Dive — Terawulf taps Fluor for preconstruction on $3B Kentucky data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/145/kentucky-psc-approves-482-mw-power-agreement-for-terawulfs-justified-data-campus",
        "label": "Kentucky PSC Approves 482 MW Power Agreement for TeraWulf's Justified Data Campus",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/data-centers-need-massive-power-theyre-eyeing-kentuckys-idle-industrial-sites-to-get-it",
        "label": "Data centers need massive power. They're eyeing Kentucky's idle industrial sites to get it. (Century Aluminum smelter site, Hancock County, 482 MW, wholesale power via the MISO market)",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Brownfield redevelopment of former Century Aluminum smelter. Site acquired February 2026 from Century Aluminum subsidiary; acquisition price reported by multiple outlets as $200M cash plus a 6.8% minority equity interest in TeraWulf (not confirmed in official PR text fetched). Lease entity: TeraWulf's Raylan Data LLC to Anthropic PBC. The ~$19B is contracted lease revenue over the 20-year term — not capex; excluded from investmentUsd. TeraWulf indicated a $3B–$4B construction investment for two data center buildings (range, not a firm single figure; excluded from investmentUsd). Site has ~480 MW of existing power availability; 401 MW is the Anthropic lease capacity. Total site ~750 acres per news sources; TeraWulf's official PR cited 'over 250 buildable acres.' Coordinates are approximate (Hawesville town center). Fluidstack/Abernathy JV is a separate unrelated transaction — excluded from this record.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Big Rivers Electric Corporation",
      "notes": "Site connects directly to regional transmission network via on-site energized substation and multiple high-voltage transmission lines, bypassing local distribution. Big Rivers Electric filed a retail service agreement with the Kentucky PSC in April 2026 covering 482 MW transmission capacity for the Justified Data project; TeraWulf bears identified costs and risks for obtaining and transmitting capacity. TeraWulf is covering the full cost of required grid upgrades."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "TeraWulf stated at community meetings that no river water or municipal water will be used. Advanced closed-loop liquid cooling system; company stated campus will use less water over several years than the former aluminum smelter consumed in a single day. No reported MGD figure available."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "landAcres": 750,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Online petition with 1,200+ signatures asking county officials, the governor, and the state utility regulator to pause approvals pending disclosure of energy, environmental, and infrastructure impacts. Hancock County Judge-Executive Johnny Roberts publicly supportive, citing 100–120 high-paying permanent jobs and significant new annual tax revenue for schools and emergency services. Opposition concerns center on water use, traffic, and environmental effects. TeraWulf held community meetings (March 2026) to address water and cooling questions.",
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "terawulf-lake-mariner-ny",
    "name": "TeraWulf Lake Mariner",
    "operator": "TeraWulf",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.35055916999524,
      "lon": -78.61459634619537,
      "city": "Barker",
      "county": "Niagara",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 750,
      "operational": 205
    },
    "poweredBy": "NYPA hydropower allocation, grid-connected (former Somerset coal plant site)",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "145 MW energized for owned Bitcoin mining across 3 buildings on the former Somerset coal-plant site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-03",
        "note": "60 critical-IT MW energized for HPC/AI leasing under signed 10-year colocation agreements with Fluidstack (200+ MW contracted, $3.7B revenue over initial terms, backed by a $1.8B Google backstop and ~8% Google equity stake).",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001083301-26-000092/wulf-20260331.htm",
        "label": "TeraWulf 10-Q, Q1 2026",
        "publisher": "SEC EDGAR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/140/terawulf-reports-first-quarter-2026-results",
        "label": "TeraWulf Reports First Quarter 2026 Results",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/114/terawulf-announces-fluidstack-expansion-with-160-mw-cb-5",
        "label": "TeraWulf Announces Fluidstack Expansion With 160 MW (CB-5)",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S10642",
        "label": "S10642 - Responsible Data Center Development Act",
        "publisher": "New York State Senate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.niagaracounty.com/arcgis/rest/services/NC_GIS/NC_GIS/FeatureServer/4/query?where=SBL%3D%270070000003028000%27&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Niagara County parcel/GIS record (parcel SBL 0070000003028000 (ParcelId 647))",
        "publisher": "Niagara County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/politics/articles/county-investigating-whether-lake-mariner-111600819.html",
        "label": "County investigating whether Lake Mariner owes millions in sales taxes (Niagara Gazette via Yahoo News)",
        "publisher": "Niagara Gazette / Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.buildwcg.com/blog-posts/terawulf-lake-mariner-data-center-expansion",
        "label": "TeraWulf's Lake Mariner Data Center Expansion Creates 200 Jobs in Somerset, Niagara County",
        "publisher": "Westside Construction Group",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/07/21/hochul-wants-ban-on-tax-breaks-for-data-centers/",
        "label": "NY Gov. Hochul says she wants to ban tax breaks for data centers",
        "publisher": "Investigative Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Built on the site of the former coal-fired Somerset Generating Station (shut 2019/2020). Address 7725 Lake Rd, Barker, NY — coordinates are a town-level geocode, not a confirmed parcel pin (approximate). TeraWulf holds exclusive access to up to 750 MW of site infrastructure capacity. The AI/HPC pivot here is a SIGNED, revenue-generating deal, not speculative: two 10-year HPC colocation agreements with Fluidstack (buildings CB-3 42MW + CB-4 162MW, later expanded with CB-5 +160MW) worth $3.7B in contracted revenue, backed by a $1.8B Google backstop and Google equity stake (~14% pro forma). Tagged mixed_use since Bitcoin mining (145MW) remains the larger operational segment versus HPC (60MW energized as of Mar 2026), but the AI/HPC business is real and growing, not aspirational. A New York statewide bill (Responsible Data Center Development Act, S10642/A11560) passed both legislative chambers June 4, 2026, imposing a one-year moratorium on new permits for large (≥20MW) data centers; it remained unsigned/pending before Gov. Hochul as of July 2026. Facilities with construction already underway are exempt, so TeraWulf's current build here is likely grandfathered, but any future unbuilt expansion phase requiring new permits could be affected if the bill is signed before construction starts. CONFIRMED ABSENCE, no fields. Lake Mariner has NOT applied to the Niagara County IDA for assistance, so there is no PILOT or IDA agreement to find for this site — the county manager says so on the record. This closes off the IDA lane for this facility specifically. Also worth recording for context: Fluidstack is named as a tenant using the site alongside TeraWulf.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "New York Power Authority (NYPA)",
      "notes": "Receives discounted/low-cost electricity from NYPA. Per Niagara County officials, TeraWulf has not paid state or local sales tax on its multi-billion-dollar expansion and had not submitted an application to the Niagara County IDA as of 2026-07 -- no dollar figure was stated for the untaxed amount, so it is not recorded as a subsidies entry (subsidies not in this record's missing-field list already)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "New York State Internet Data Center sales tax exemption",
        "jurisdiction": "New York State",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 3200000000,
    "landAcres": 410,
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    },
    "environmental": {
      "carbonIntensityBasis": "grid_average"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "terawulf-lansing-ny",
    "name": "TeraWulf AI Data Center Campus, Lansing",
    "operator": "TeraWulf",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.5453,
      "lon": -76.4968,
      "city": "Lansing",
      "county": "Tompkins",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid (NYSEG); former coal plant infrastructure",
    "announcedDate": "2025-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Cayuga Operating Company (TeraWulf affiliate) signs 80-year lease on 183-acre former Cayuga Power Plant site",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Lansing Zoning Board of Appeals rules (December 22) that data center qualifies as permitted general processing land use",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Tompkins County Legislature passes 12-1 resolution urging NYSDEC to reject water withdrawal permit; town debates year-long construction moratorium",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/tompkins-county-legislature-urges-state-to-deny-water-permit-for-lansing-data-center/article_1d89f22d-fcd0-43b3-97e2-173e08a483ea.html",
        "label": "Tompkins County Legislature Urges State to Deny Water Permit for Lansing Data Center",
        "publisher": "Ithaca.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2025/11/tensions-over-terawulf-data-center-in-tompkins-county-grow-with-threatened-lawsuit",
        "label": "Tensions Over TeraWulf Data Center in Tompkins County Grow With Threatened Lawsuit",
        "publisher": "The Cornell Daily Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2026/04/terawulf-affiliate-approved-to-draw-1-million-gallons-per-day-from-cayuga-lake",
        "label": "TeraWulf Affiliate Approved to Draw 1 Million Gallons Per Day From Cayuga Lake",
        "publisher": "The Cornell Daily Sun",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/tompkins_county/data-center-developer-secures-long-term-lease-of-cayuga-power-plant/article_af47439f-e785-4519-9018-6ad0a9de5048.html",
        "label": "Data Center Developer Secures Long-Term Lease of Cayuga Power Plant",
        "publisher": "The Ithaca Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fingerlakes1.com/2026/03/15/seneca-supervisors-hear-concerns-about-data-center-approve-funding-and-equipment-purchases/",
        "label": "Seneca supervisors hear concerns about data center, approve funding and equipment purchases",
        "publisher": "FingerLakes1.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/terawulf-secures-zoning-approval-ny-153335651.html",
        "label": "TeraWulf secures zoning approval for NY data center",
        "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Site is the former Cayuga Power Plant (coal-fired, retired). NYSDEC water permit application for Cayuga Lake withdrawal was originally filed in 2021 for 'unspecified future use.' Permit dates to 1955 without modern monitoring requirements per opposition. TeraWulf also has a separate cryptomining operation at the Susquehanna site in PA (Nautilus). Operating entity: Cayuga Operating Company (acquired plant). NO STATUS CHANGE. The April 2026 DEC water-withdrawal/SPDES action is explicitly for the existing power plant's current operations, not the data center; DEC states it is 'not associated with the proposed data center'. As of the sources fetched 2026-09-09 the project remains proposed and had not cleared local site-plan review. Do not read the water permit as a data-center permit.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "New York State Electric & Gas (NYSEG)",
      "notes": "Former Cayuga Power Plant (coal) site at 228 Cayuga Drive on Cayuga Lake shoreline; 80-year lease signed August 2025."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "TeraWulf proposes closed-loop cooling system; water withdrawal permit application for over 1 million gallons daily from Cayuga Lake submitted to NYSDEC; community contests reliability of closed-loop commitment given LLC structure."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 400000000,
    "landAcres": 183,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 500,
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "19,700-signature petition (17,000 from NY state) submitted to Lansing Town Board. Tompkins County Legislature voted 12-1 on January 20, 2026 urging NYSDEC to reject water withdrawal permit. TeraWulf threatened legal action against Town of Lansing over alleged Open Meeting Law violations. Multiple adjacent towns (Dryden, Danby) passed laws blocking data center development in response.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "terawulf-morgantown-charles-county-md",
    "name": "TeraWulf Morgantown Generating Station AI Campus",
    "operator": "TeraWulf",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.362,
      "lon": -77.129,
      "county": "Charles",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "TeraWulf announced acquisition of Morgantown Generating Station (250 buildable acres, ~210 MW current operational capacity) from existing owner. Acquisition pending FERC approval and third-party consents (expected Q2 or Q3 2026 closing). Zoning text amendment (ZTA) required. TeraWulf shifting from Bitcoin mining to AI/HPC data centers.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://technical.ly/entrepreneurship/terawulf-maryland-power-plant-acquistion/",
        "label": "TeraWulf buys Maryland coal plant to fuel AI data centers",
        "publisher": "Technical.ly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thebaynet.com/charles-countys-morgantown-plant-being-bought-by-data-infrastructure-company/",
        "label": "Charles County's Morgantown Plant Being Bought By Data Infrastructure Company",
        "publisher": "The BayNet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://natureforward.org/terawulf-data-center-charles-county-md-maryland-data-center-series-pt-1/",
        "label": "TeraWulf Data Center, Charles County MD: Maryland Data Center Series, Pt. 1",
        "publisher": "Nature Forward",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thebaynet.com/100-million-in-taxpayer-money-public-citizen-demands-terawulf-reveal-morgantown-power-plant-deal/",
        "label": "$100M in taxpayer money: Public Citizen demands TeraWulf reveal Morgantown deal",
        "publisher": "The BayNet",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Morgantown Generating Station is on the Potomac River near the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge, Charles County MD. Acquisition funding and TeraWulf financial stability questioned by Maryland Office of People's Counsel (net losses $660M+ in 2025, 90% revenue from Bitcoin mining). Coordinates approximate. TeraWulf sought about $100M in Maryland state funds toward the Morgantown acquisition; the purchase price is withheld from FERC as confidential (FOIA Exemption 4), which Public Citizen is petitioning to disclose. No cooling design, water-withdrawal figure, confirmed subsidy, or job count has been publicly disclosed for the proposed AI campus. Re-checked 2026-09-10: overall record status correctly remains PROPOSED. Material development since lastUpdated (2026-07-23): FERC ruled 2026-07-29 that the ownership transfer of Morgantown Generating Station to TeraWulf is consistent with the public interest, but the order explicitly does not authorize data-center construction, new/repowered generation, or interconnection changes -- so 'proposed' remains the correct enum. Purchase price was kept confidential by FERC order (no investmentUsd figure obtainable). No water/cooling or jobs figures found this run. [Applier note 2026-09-10: the finding proposed only location.city, which the enrichment intent schema deliberately does not accept (enrichment fills street and postalCode only and cannot change a facility's city). Converted to a notes-only finding so the substantive research lands; the proposed city change needs a maintainer hand-edit.]",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 500,
      "notes": "Former coal-fired plant (closed 2022) on PJM grid near Potomac River. TeraWulf plans 500 MW initial generation expansion; ultimate target 1 GW of on-site power to support 1 GW data center load while remaining net-positive energy supplier."
    },
    "landAcres": 250,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Charles County Planning Commission voted to recommend denial of ZTA in March 2026 and again in June 2026 public hearing (four hours of resident testimony). Charles County Against Data Centers Coalition active. County has no explicit data center zoning; commissioners voted 3-2 to send proposed ZTA back to planning board.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "terawulf-muskie-eastpark-ky",
    "name": "TeraWulf Muskie Data Campus (EastPark)",
    "operator": "TeraWulf",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.4042,
      "lon": -82.79,
      "city": "Ashland",
      "county": "Greenup",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Kentucky Power (AEP)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-05-26",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-26",
        "note": "TeraWulf announced the acquisition of the 285-acre Muskie Data Campus from Industrial Equity Partners at EastPark Industrial Park; land purchase closed effective 2026-05-22",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wowktv.com/news/kentucky/boyd-county-ky/new-ai-data-center-coming-to-eastern-kentucky/",
        "label": "New AI data center coming to eastern Kentucky",
        "publisher": "WOWK-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/141/terawulf-expands-infrastructure-platform-with-acquisition-of-1-gw-eastern-kentucky-hpc-campus",
        "label": "TeraWulf Expands Infrastructure Platform with Acquisition of 1+ GW Eastern Kentucky HPC Campus",
        "publisher": "TeraWulf Inc.",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2026-05-28/massive-new-data-center-project-announced-in-northeastern-kentucky",
        "label": "Massive new data center project announced in northeastern Kentucky",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.weku.org/the-commonwealth/2026-05-26/new-data-center-project-announced-in-northeastern-kentucky",
        "label": "New data center project announced in northeastern Kentucky",
        "publisher": "WEKU Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wchstv.com/news/local/boyd-county-leaders-counting-the-economic-impact-of-proposed-data-center",
        "label": "Boyd County leaders on the economic impact of the proposed data center",
        "publisher": "WCHS-TV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EastPark,_Kentucky",
        "label": "EastPark, Kentucky - Wikipedia",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/terawulf-details-data-center-planned-for-east-kentucky/article_1f76fe0c-0d0c-42c7-82a2-9e9961da73a5.html",
        "label": "Herald-Dispatch — TeraWulf details data center planned for east Kentucky",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "TeraWulf's second Kentucky campus (alongside the Justified/Hawesville campus tracked separately). TeraWulf (Nasdaq: WULF), historically a bitcoin miner, repositioning toward HPC/AI. Muskie is a 285-acre site at EastPark Industrial Park (a 1,000-acre former strip mine). Planned 1+ GW phased: initial 500 MW ramp H2 2028, additional 500 MW targeted H2 2030. County discrepancy: local TV cites Boyd County, but Wikipedia and the Lane Report place EastPark primarily in Greenup County (site straddles Boyd/Greenup/Carter); Greenup used, city Ashland retained as the regional reference. INVESTMENT OMITTED: the $4B figure came from a Boyd County official, not TeraWulf's investor PR or 8-K. ~300 permanent jobs are official projections (in notes, not jobs). TeraWulf stated it will pay the full standard industrial tariff with no subsidies. Coordinates are the EastPark park centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Kentucky Power (AEP)",
      "notes": "Kentucky Power (an AEP company) is building a 345 kV substation on the existing 765 kV network to serve the campus. TeraWulf confirmed it will pay the full Industrial General Service tariff with no discounts or exemptions. Phased power: 500 MW H2 2028, +500 MW H2 2030."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown"
    },
    "landAcres": 285,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 100,
      "sourceIndex": 7
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Boyd County Judge-Executive Eric Chaney and FIVCO-region officials are broadly supportive; the City of Ashland enacted a moratorium on new data-center applications within city limits (site is outside city limits). Tax revenue projected to benefit schools across the five FIVCO counties."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "terra-data-center-alviso-san-jose-ca",
    "name": "Terra Data Center",
    "operator": "Terra Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3807591,
      "lon": -121.9236758,
      "city": "San Jose",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "4701 North First Street",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/california/1566/terra-data-center",
        "label": "Terra Data Center — Santa Clara, California",
        "publisher": "CleanView",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://sfyimby.com/2025/04/energy-plant-data-center-proposed-at-4701-north-first-street-san-jose.html",
        "label": "Energy Plant + Data Center Proposed at 4701 North First Street, San Jose",
        "publisher": "SF YIMBY",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.technostatecraft.com/p/powering-silicon-valleys-ai-dreams",
        "label": "Powering Silicon Valley's AI Dreams",
        "publisher": "Technostatecraft (Substack)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Filed with San Jose's planning department as a revised proposal (reported April 2025) on a site previously approved in 2018 for an entertainment/hotel complex that was never built. Two buildings proposed: a three-story, 295,100 sq ft data center and a 167,400 sq ft energy-supply hub (~462,500 sq ft total), designed by CallisonRTKL. A second phase is reported to include a greenhouse heated by data-center waste heat, supplying a community retail store. Widely reported elsewhere as the largest data center proposed in California to date (a 417 MW figure appears in aggregator listings), but this session could not confirm the MW figure via a source it directly fetched, so capacityMw is omitted. Terra Ventures reportedly sought approval for a related data-center-plus-power-plant project on the same site in 2023.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Design pairs Bloom Energy natural-gas fuel cells with absorption chillers that use the fuel cells' waste heat to make chilled water, reported as intended to remove the need for traditional backup generators."
    },
    "landAcres": 9,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "terra-hosting-vermillion-rise-newport-in",
    "name": "Terra Hosting Vermillion Rise Facility",
    "operator": "Terra Hosting",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.885,
      "lon": -87.405,
      "city": "Newport",
      "county": "Vermillion",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12",
        "note": "Commenced operations around late 2025; 1,600+ ASIC miners running by March 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/terra-hosting-expands-to-indiana-repurposing-former-military-base-for-crypto-mining-and-data-center-operations-302708790.html",
        "label": "Terra Hosting Expands to Indiana, Repurposing Former Military Base for Crypto Mining and Data Center Operations",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/terra-hosting-targets-ai-and-hpc-growth-from-repurposed-indiana-military-site/",
        "label": "Terra Hosting targets AI and HPC growth from repurposed Indiana military site",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/crypto-mining-hosting-company-sets-up-shop-in-vermillion-county",
        "label": "Crypto mining hosting company sets up shop in Vermillion County",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-20",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "ASIC crypto-mining hosting operation at the 7,000-acre Vermillion Rise Mega Park (former Newport Chemical Depot). Commenced operations around late 2025; 1,600+ ASIC miners active by March 2026 at ~$0.0825/kWh. Operator has stated plans to expand into AI/HPC. Powered from Duke Energy grid service. Coordinates approximate (large multi-parcel park, pending precise siting).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "Vermillion Rise Mega Park is served by 12kV and 69kV three-phase electrical service from Duke Energy."
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "terra-nexus-custer-avenue-fayetteville-cumberland-county-nc",
    "name": "Terra Nexus Custer Avenue Data Center (Fayetteville)",
    "operator": "Terra Nexus Ventures",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.085,
      "lon": -78.97722,
      "city": "Fayetteville",
      "county": "Cumberland",
      "street": "Custer Avenue",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Plans submitted to the City of Fayetteville for a data center on Custer Avenue near the PWC generation plant.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityviewnc.com/stories/how-to-learn-more-about-data-centers-in-fayetteville/",
        "label": "Data Centers Are Eyeing Fayetteville. Here's How to Learn More",
        "publisher": "CityView (Fayetteville, NC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cityviewnc.com/stories/data-center-proposal-emerges-as-county-holds-hearing-on-moratorium/",
        "label": "Data Center Proposal Emerges as County Holds Hearing on Moratorium",
        "publisher": "CityView (Fayetteville, NC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Capacity is deliberately omitted: the same publisher reports this project at 200 MW in one story and 300 MW in another, and that conflict is unresolved from the sources read. Reported to include 102 diesel generators and on-site wetlands, sited near the Fayetteville Public Works Commission generation plant and the town of Eastover. Distinct from Terra Nexus's Rockingham (Richmond County) site and from the separately tracked PRSM Group and Energy Storage Solutions Cumberland County proposals.",
    "landAcres": 180,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Eastover Town Council wrote to Fayetteville officials opposing the project; residents organised locally around noise, water demand and the diesel generator count.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "terra-nexus-rockingham-richmond-county-nc",
    "name": "Terra Nexus Rockingham Data Center (Old Cheraw Highway)",
    "operator": "Terra Nexus Land Fund I, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.9151,
      "lon": -79.7948,
      "city": "Rockingham",
      "county": "Richmond",
      "street": "316 Old Cheraw Highway",
      "postalCode": "28379",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-04",
        "note": "Rockingham planning board unanimously recommended rezoning ~165 acres at 316 Old Cheraw Highway from R-7 high-density residential to conditional light industrial for a data center; city council hearing followed on 2026-08-13.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/265529/rockingham-council-to-hold-public-hearing-on-data-center-rezoning",
        "label": "Rockingham Council to hold public hearing on data center rezoning",
        "publisher": "Richmond County Daily Journal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://wkml.com/2026/08/13/rockingham-planning-board-backs-1-2b-data-center-rezoning-as-residents-raise-concerns/",
        "label": "Rockingham Planning Board Backs $1.2B Data Center Rezoning as Residents Raise Concerns",
        "publisher": "WKML 95.7",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Separate from the AWS Richmond County campus already tracked — different applicant, different parcel inside the City of Rockingham, and reported locally as the county's third data center project. No capacity figure has been disclosed.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Applicant redesigned the cooling system to a closed-loop recycling system; original filing estimated 75,000 gallons/day, revised so average daily use is limited to the domestic water use of about 30 occupants."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 165,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 30,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Residents are split; state Rep. Ben Moss called for more public input before the council acts. City council scheduled a public hearing following the planning board recommendation.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "terrapower-natrium-kemmerer-wy",
    "name": "TerraPower Natrium Kemmerer Unit 1",
    "operator": "TerraPower",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.75,
      "lon": -110.6,
      "city": "Kemmerer",
      "county": "Lincoln",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 345
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-04-24",
        "note": "Construction began 2026-04-24 following NRC construction-permit approval in early March 2026; completion expected by 2030.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-04-24/article-7975/terrapower-begins-construction-on-natrium-power-plant-in-kemmerer/",
        "label": "TerraPower begins construction on Natrium power plant in Kemmerer",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society — Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Wyoming's first commercial nuclear power plant and the first U.S. construction permit for a commercial non-light-water reactor in more than 40 years. Reporting elsewhere ties TerraPower's Natrium fleet to hyperscaler offtake agreements at the corporate level (an announced agreement for up to eight plants by 2035); that is an entity-level arrangement, so no site-specific offtaker is recorded for Kemmerer Unit 1. Coordinates approximate the Kemmerer/Naughton area, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1600,
      "permanent": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "Sodium-cooled fast reactor paired with an integrated molten-salt heat-storage system that can temporarily boost output to 500 MWe. Sited near a retiring coal-fired facility. Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tesla-cortex-2-giga-texas-austin-tx",
    "name": "Tesla Cortex 2.0 AI Training Cluster (Giga Texas)",
    "operator": "Tesla",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.2223,
      "lon": -97.6171,
      "city": "Austin",
      "county": "Travis",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "poweredBy": "Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative grid + on-site rooftop solar",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/tesla-supercomputer-cortex-2-texas",
        "label": "Cortex 2.0: Tesla's new supercomputer at Giga Texas",
        "publisher": "Interesting Engineering",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.notateslaapp.com/news/2215/a-look-at-teslas-new-ai-training-center-at-giga-texas-video",
        "label": "A Look at Tesla's New AI Training Center at Giga Texas",
        "publisher": "Not a Tesla App",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.teslaoracle.com/2025/06/27/tesla-fsd-cortex-ai-supercluster-is-running-at-full-capacity-confirms-elon-musk/",
        "label": "Tesla FSD Cortex AI supercluster running at full capacity, confirms Musk",
        "publisher": "Tesla Oracle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigafactory_Texas",
        "label": "Gigafactory Texas — location (unincorporated Travis County, Austin)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.notateslaapp.com/news/3520/tesla-adds-megapacks-for-its-next-generation-supercomputer-cortex-2",
        "label": "Tesla Adds Megapacks for Its Next-Generation Supercomputer (Cortex 2)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://teslanorth.com/2023/11/03/teslas-giga-texas-to-have-worlds-largest-rooftop-solar-installation/",
        "label": "Tesla's Giga Texas to Have World's Largest Rooftop Solar Installation (30MW)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-24",
    "notes": "Dedicated, purpose-built AI training data center on the north side of Tesla's Giga Texas campus (unincorporated Travis County), separate from and adjacent to the original Cortex cluster. Trains neural networks for Full Self-Driving and the Optimus robot program; uses Nvidia GPUs. First ~250 MW targeted online with a full ~500 MW buildout targeted mid-2026; construction began early 2025. Coordinate is the Giga Texas campus point; Cortex 2.0 is a specific building on that campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 30,
      "notes": "Grid power from Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative (Giga Texas sits in unincorporated Travis County within Bluebonnet's — not Austin Energy's — service territory) is the primary supply, but Tesla has built genuine on-site generation and storage that make this a defining mixed story."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "thad-hill-energy-center-clifton-bosque-tx",
    "name": "Thad Hill Energy Center",
    "operator": "Thad Hill Energy Center, LLC (Calpine)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 31.8594,
      "lon": -97.3586,
      "city": "Clifton",
      "county": "Bosque",
      "street": "557 Bosque County Rd 3610",
      "postalCode": "76634",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2000-07",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gridinfo.com/plant/thad-hill-energy-center/55172",
        "label": "Thad Hill Energy Center — plant record (EIA-860 derived)",
        "publisher": "GridInfo",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.calpine.com/calpine-and-cyrusone-announce-phase-2-of-powered-land-agreement-to-support-hyperscale-data-center-at-thad-hill-energy-center-in-texas/",
        "label": "Calpine and CyrusOne Announce Phase 2 of Powered Land Agreement at Thad Hill Energy Center",
        "publisher": "Calpine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Natural-gas plant in ERCOT, in service since July 2000, comprising five generators; formerly operated as Calpine Bosque Energy Center. Water source recorded by EIA as the Brazos River; interconnection at 345 kV / 138 kV via Brazos Electric Power Coop. No nameplate MW figure appears in the fetched sources, so capacityMw is deliberately omitted rather than estimated from generation totals.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Brazos Electric Power Coop Inc"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "CyrusOne",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "cyrusone-bosque-county-thad-hill-tx"
      ],
      "unitCount": 5,
      "notes": "Powered-land agreement with CyrusOne totalling 400 MW — 190 MW announced July 2025 and a further 210 MW in November 2025 — serving the adjacent DFW10 data center campus. Calpine states the power will be redirected to support ERCOT system reliability during periods of grid scarcity."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "the-data-centers-star-campus-newark-de",
    "name": "STAR Campus Data Center & Cogeneration Plant (The Data Centers, LLC)",
    "operator": "The Data Centers, LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.6655592,
      "lon": -75.7541725,
      "city": "Newark",
      "county": "New Castle",
      "state": "DE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2014-07",
        "note": "University of Delaware terminated its lease agreement with The Data Centers, LLC (TDC) on 2014-07-10.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www1.udel.edu/udaily/2015/jul/decision071014.html",
        "label": "UD terminates Data Centers project for STAR Campus",
        "publisher": "University of Delaware (UDaily)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/regulations/university-of-delaware-puts-nail-in-coffin-of-data-center-and-power-plant-project",
        "label": "University of Delaware Puts Nail in Coffin of Data Center and Power Plant Project",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://technical.ly/civic-news/university-delaware-star-campus-data-centers/",
        "label": "UD's STAR Campus passed on $1.8B data center project: what to know",
        "publisher": "Technical.ly",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/669439186",
        "label": "STAR Campus (OpenStreetMap way)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Proposed circa 2013 by The Data Centers, LLC (TDC): up to 900,000 sq ft of data center space plus the 279 MW cogeneration plant noted above, on the University of Delaware's 271-acre STAR Campus (former Chrysler Newark Assembly Plant site). Sources disagree on the headline investment figure — Data Center Knowledge reported 'approximately $1 billion' while Technical.ly reported 'more than $1.8 billion' for the combined data-center-and-power-plant project; both are recorded here rather than resolving to one number, so investmentUsd is left unset. Coordinates are the 'STAR Campus' OSM way centroid (approximate) — the specific parcel within the 271-acre campus where this project would have sited was not stated in any source reviewed, and the project was never built.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 279,
      "notes": "Proposed 279 MW natural-gas cogeneration (CHP) plant to power the data center on-site. UD's review found this would have been at least twice the size of any other known on-site generation facility at a US data center. Never built."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "A UD faculty/administrator review group and Newark-area residents raised sustained concerns on environmental-impact and campus-mission grounds; UD's review concluded the 279 MW plant was unprecedented in scale for a US data center, could not be environmentally assessed absent a comparable precedent, and that TDC had shifted emphasis toward wholesale power sales rather than the university's science/tech mission. UD terminated the lease as a result.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "thor-equities-augusta-township-mi",
    "name": "Thor Equities Augusta Township Data Center (Form8tion)",
    "operator": "Thor Equities",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.163,
      "lon": -83.72,
      "city": "Augusta Township",
      "county": "Washtenaw",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — DTE Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024",
        "note": "Thor Equities (via Form8tion / JDS Equities II LLC) acquires 810 acres in Augusta Township; seeks rezoning of 522 acres from agricultural/residential to General Industrial",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-06",
        "note": "Augusta Township Planning Commission recommends denial 5-1, citing inconsistency with land-use plans",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Augusta Township Board of Trustees unanimously approves rezoning of 522 acres despite Planning Commission denial",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Residents collect 957 signatures for ballot initiative (threshold was 561); question set for 2026 ballot (May or August primary election) to overturn rezoning",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-04",
        "note": "Augusta Township voters overturned the rezoning at the August primary — about 90% voted to overturn — returning the seven parcels to agricultural residential and removing the zoning the project depended on. Results were still unofficial as of 2026-08-05.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-officials-recommend-denial-of-thor-equities-data-center-in-michigan/",
        "label": "Local officials recommend denial of Thor Equities data center in Michigan",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/08/augusta-data-center-petition/",
        "label": "Can 957 signatures halt a $1 billion data center in Augusta Township?",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bridgemi.com/michigan-environment-watch/tiny-michigan-town-hopes-to-stop-data-center-with-ballot-initiative/",
        "label": "Tiny Michigan town hopes to stop data center with ballot initiative",
        "publisher": "Bridge Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/07/augusta-data-center-battle-ballot/",
        "label": "Augusta Township data center battle reaches the ballot — 522 acres, agricultural residential to general industrial, vote set for 2026-08-04",
        "publisher": "Planet Detroit",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wemu.org/wemu-news/2026-08-05/augusta-township-voters-overturn-data-center-rezoning",
        "label": "Augusta Township voters overturn data center rezoning — “about 90% of voters chose to overturn”",
        "publisher": "WEMU-FM",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Site north of Milan-Oakville Road, east of Hitchingham Road, Augusta Township, Washtenaw County MI (between Ann Arbor and Monroe). No end user announced; planners cited Google and Microsoft as typical users of this facility type. Form8tion is Thor's digital infrastructure arm (founded March 2023). Capacity not disclosed; at least five large buildings planned. Voter referendum outcome will determine project viability. Coordinates are approximate Augusta Township centroid. SOURCE CONFLICT RESOLVED 2026-08-08: the earlier \"rejected by voters\" claim in an article predating the election was a pre-election piece describing the UPCOMING vote — the dates now reconcile because the referendum has since been held. Augusta Township voters overturned the 522-acre rezoning on 2026-08-04 (about 90% to overturn), so the parcels revert to agricultural residential. Recorded as \"cancelled\" because the project's enabling rezoning is gone; note that Thor Equities has NOT publicly withdrawn, and the results were unofficial as of 2026-08-05 — revisit if the developer re-applies or the count is certified differently. Status re-check, NO change: the record's 'cancelled' status dated 2026-08-04 corresponds to the Aug. 4 veto referendum on the 522-acre rezoning, and nothing found indicates a revival, appeal or re-rezoning since. CAVEAT: I could not fetch a page carrying the certified vote totals - the Ballotpedia result page returned empty content - so this confirms the mechanism and date, not the tally. Worth one more check before the record is treated as settled.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "DTE Energy"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 810,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Opposition ran the full course: the Planning Commission recommended denial 5-1 (2025-06), the Board of Trustees approved the rezoning anyway (2025-07), residents gathered 957 signatures to force a referendum (2025-08), and the rezoning was overturned at the ballot on 2026-08-04 by roughly 90% of voters. A recall effort against the township board followed.",
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "thor-equities-kingston-technology-hub-bartow-ga",
    "name": "Kingston Technology Hub (Thor Equities)",
    "operator": "Thor Equities",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.2367172,
      "lon": -84.9450325,
      "city": "Kingston",
      "county": "Bartow",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 150
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-08",
        "note": "Development of Regional Impact filed with the Georgia Department of Community Affairs; Thor Equities will ask Bartow County to rezone 559 acres. Completion targeted for 2030.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newslinelocal.com/2026/09/08/another-large-data-center-proposed-in-georgia/",
        "label": "Another large data center proposed in Georgia (Thor Equities, Kingston)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "A 350,000 sq ft data center on approximately 559 acres, drawing up to 150 MW at peak, with projected annual tax revenue of $2 million. Rezoning had not been granted at the time of reporting. Coordinates are approximate to Kingston.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 559,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "thornberry-data-center-campus-caroline-va",
    "name": "Thornberry Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Thornberry, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.885,
      "lon": -77.52,
      "city": "Ruther Glen",
      "county": "Caroline",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01-01",
        "note": "proposed per Caroline County Special Exceptions and Rezonings case listing, Case RZ-03-2025",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://co.caroline.va.us/1036/Special-Exceptions-and-Rezonings",
        "label": "Caroline County Special Exceptions and Rezonings case listing, Case RZ-03-2025",
        "publisher": "Caroline County, VA Department of Planning and Community Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cleanview.co/public/data-centers/virginia/2189/thornberry-data-center-campus",
        "label": "Thornberry Data Center Campus — Caroline, Virginia",
        "publisher": "CleanView",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Rezoning to Planned, Innovation, Research & Technology district; submittal deemed complete as of case listing, public hearing date not yet set in sources reviewed. No operator/tenant named yet in public record — treat as a speculative land rezoning pending an anchor tenant.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 657,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "thornburg-business-park-data-center-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Thornburg Business Park",
    "operator": "LID, LLC (with IWG Thornburg, LLC and JR Bluestar Thornburg, LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.127876,
      "lon": -77.52959,
      "city": "Thornburg",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/35424/Impact-Statement---Thornburg-Business-Park-First-Submission-236905321",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County — Thornburg Business Park rezoning Impact Statement (R25-0013; applicant LID LLC; 9 parcels; ~200.35 ac; ~2M sq ft data center)",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/40486/BOS-Memo-Planning-Dept-Monthly-and-Project-Summary-Reports-March-2026",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County Planning Dept Public Hearing Cases Status Report (March 2026) — R25-0013 Thornburg Business Park, LID LLC, Under Review",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.spotsylvania.va.us/arcgis/rest/services/GeoHub/Tax_Parcels/MapServer/29/query?objectIds=57736,57735,57734,57536,57535,57550,61107,61108,61109&outFields=OBJECTID,MAP_Pin,GPIN&f=json",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County parcel/GIS record (parcel GPIN 7673-00-3106 (tax map 76-A-5) — largest of 9 assembled parcels: 63-12-E (7673-31-5064), 63-12-D (7673-32-4013), 63-12-C (7673-32-2049), 63-A-33 (7673-21-8296), 63-A-32 (7673-22-5133), 63-A-37 (7673-20-3589), 76-A-5 (7673-00-3106), 76-A-5A (7672-09-2510), 76-A-6 (7672-08-7646))",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "County rezoning case R25-0013. Applicant/owner LID, LLC & IWG Thornburg, LLC & JR Bluestar Thornburg, LLC. Rezoning of ~200.35 acres (tax map parcels 63-12-E, 63-12-D, 63-12-C, 63-A-33, 63-A-32, 63-A-37, 76-A-5, 76-A-5A, 76-A-6) from A-2 and C-3 to I-2 to develop a Data Center and Public Utility (Light) campus of ~2,000,000 sq ft of data center buildings; SW quadrant of the Route 1 / Route 606 intersection (5630 Morris Rd / 5600 Blue Star Ln), behind the Food Lion. Filed 9/25/2025; Under Review per the March 2026 county report. Mangum Economics fiscal analysis (\"Spotsylvania Data Center Campus\", June 2025) projects county tax revenue $5.4M (year 1) rising to ~$50.4M steady, and ~216 data center operational jobs. Distinct from Thornburg Industrial Park (parcels 63-5-C/63-5-C1, S Roxbury Mill Rd) and SpotsyTech Campus (N Roxbury Mill Rd). Coordinates approximate (Morris Rd geocode; parcels not GIS-confirmed this pass).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "landAcres": 200.35,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "thornburg-industrial-park-data-center-spotsylvania-va",
    "name": "Thornburg Industrial Park Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "South Roxbury Mill LLC / Grindstone VA LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.135,
      "lon": -77.5208,
      "city": "Thornburg",
      "county": "Spotsylvania",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/35205/1st-Submission-Proffers-71525",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County — Thornburg Industrial Park 2 Voluntary Proffer Statement (R25-0011; South Roxbury Mill LLC & Grindstone VA LLC; parcel 63-5-C1, 49.68 ac; industrial data center campus)",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/40486/BOS-Memo-Planning-Dept-Monthly-and-Project-Summary-Reports-March-2026",
        "label": "Spotsylvania County Planning Dept Public Hearing Cases Status Report (March 2026) — R25-0011 Thornburg Industrial 2, 49 ac + proffer amendment to 124 ac, Under Review",
        "publisher": "Spotsylvania County, VA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "South Roxbury Mill LLC & Grindstone VA LLC data center campus on the east side of S. Roxbury Mill Road with significant I-95 frontage, Berkeley Magisterial District. County case R25-0011 (\"Thornburg Industrial Park 2\", filed 6/27/2025, Under Review per March 2026 report) conditionally rezones tax map parcel 63-5-C1 (~49.68 ac) from Agricultural-2 to Industrial-1, plus a proffer amendment to the adjacent ~124-acre parcel 63-5-C, forming one contiguous ~174-acre campus; the proffers restrict permitted use to \"data center and light public utility.\" Represented as a single campus record (63-5-C + 63-5-C1). Distinct from Thornburg Business Park (parcels 63-12/63-A/76-A, LID LLC) and SpotsyTech Campus (SpotsyTechnoCampus LLC, N Roxbury Mill Rd, mixed-use). Total sq ft not yet disclosed (proffers reference thresholds >1M sq ft). Coordinates approximate (S Roxbury Mill Rd geocode; parcels not GIS-confirmed this pass).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rappahannock Electric Co-op"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "thunderhead-wind-energy-center-antelope-ne",
    "name": "Thunderhead Wind Energy Center",
    "operator": "WEC Energy Group",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1289,
      "lon": -98.0298,
      "city": "Neligh",
      "county": "Antelope",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2020-12",
        "note": "Commercial operation expected by end of 2020 per the acquisition announcement.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/wec-energy-group-to-acquire-80-ownership-in-thunderhead-wind-energy-center-300909971.html",
        "label": "WEC Energy Group to acquire 80% ownership in Thunderhead Wind Energy Center",
        "publisher": "WEC Energy Group via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 338000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "unitCount": 108,
      "notes": "108 GE turbines across Antelope and Wheeler counties, developed by Invenergy; WEC Energy Group acquired an 80% interest for $338 million. \"The wind farm has a long-term offtake agreement with a Fortune 100 company for 100% of the energy produced\" — the buyer is not named in the source, so no offtaker is asserted here."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-allentown-tekpark-breinigsville-pa",
    "name": "TierPoint Allentown TekPark",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5384,
      "lon": -75.6288,
      "city": "Breinigsville",
      "county": "Lehigh",
      "street": "9999 Hamilton Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "18031",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/pennsylvania/tekpark-campus/",
        "label": "TekPark Data Center Campus — TierPoint",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-17",
    "notes": "122,000+ sq ft of enterprise data center capacity including 96,000+ sq ft of raised floor, on a TierPoint-owned 137-acre campus at 9999 Hamilton Blvd, Breinigsville (Lehigh County). Dual redundant 'A'/'B' 69 kV utility transmission feeds; 23 generators totaling roughly 49.5 MW of standby capacity and 36+ hours of on-site fuel. capacityMw is omitted deliberately: 49.5 MW is standby generator nameplate, not IT load.",
    "landAcres": 137,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-baltimore-bwi-md",
    "name": "TierPoint Baltimore - BWI",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.213455,
      "lon": -76.682834,
      "city": "Linthicum Heights",
      "county": "Anne Arundel",
      "street": "813 Pinnacle Drive",
      "postalCode": "21090",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/maryland/baltimore-bwi/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/610845529",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/610845529",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed directly on TierPoint's own facility page; address 813 Pinnacle Drive, Linthicum Heights, MD.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "BGE"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-boston-andover-ma",
    "name": "TierPoint Boston - Andover",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6857078,
      "lon": -71.2086024,
      "city": "Andover",
      "county": "Essex",
      "street": "15 Shattuck Road",
      "postalCode": "01810",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/massachusetts/boston-andover/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/211832626",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/211832626",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address confirmed via third-party listing (15 Shattuck Road, Andover, MA) matching TierPoint's own Massachusetts directory page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "National Grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-charlotte-center-park-nc",
    "name": "TierPoint Charlotte - Center Park",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.1731955,
      "lon": -80.928121,
      "city": "Charlotte",
      "county": "Mecklenburg",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/north-carolina/charlotte-center-park/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/838817907",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/838817907",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed on TierPoint's own directory: North Carolina - Charlotte - Center Park.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Duke Energy Carolinas"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-dallas-allen-tx",
    "name": "TierPoint Dallas-Allen",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1379102,
      "lon": -96.657329,
      "city": "Allen",
      "county": "Collin",
      "street": "840 Allen Commerce Parkway",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/texas/dallas-allen/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/483307714",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/483307714",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed directly on TierPoint's own facility page (Texas - Dallas-Allen), 840 Allen Commerce Pkwy, Allen TX. Distinct from osm_id 465042594 (TierPoint Dallas proper) — different city/address, not a duplicate.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-dallas-tx",
    "name": "TierPoint Dallas",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.8079818,
      "lon": -96.8573889,
      "city": "Dallas",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "3004 Irving Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "75247",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/texas/dallas/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/465042594",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/465042594",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed on TierPoint's own directory listing Texas - Dallas.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-hawthorne-westchester-ny",
    "name": "TierPoint Hawthorne (11 & 17 Skyline Drive)",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.088456,
      "lon": -73.815184,
      "city": "Hawthorne",
      "county": "Westchester",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/new-york/new-york-hawthorne/",
        "label": "TierPoint Hawthorne, New York Data Center",
        "publisher": "TierPoint, LLC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/tierpoint-hawthorne",
        "label": "TierPoint: Hawthorne Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gisservices.its.ny.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NYS_Tax_Parcels_Public/FeatureServer/1/query?where=SBL%3D%2711600700010170000000%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Westchester County parcel/GIS record (parcel SBL 116.7-1-17 (11 Skyline Dr))",
        "publisher": "Westchester County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Two adjacent buildings on a shared campus with Westchester County Medical Center and New York Medical College: 11 Skyline Drive (46,000+ sqft total, 28,000+ sqft raised floor, backup generation two 2MW + three 1MW) and 17 Skyline Drive (172,000+ sqft total, 28,000+ sqft raised floor, backup generation two 2,000kW). No whole-campus IT-load MW figure is publicly disclosed — generator specs are backup capacity, not confirmed critical load, so capacityMw is omitted. SOC 1/2 Type II, HITRUST, GLBA, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, NIST SP 800-53, ISO 27001, ITAR-registered. No AI/HPC marketing found. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Skyline Drive campus, not a confirmed parcel pin.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Con Edison"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-jacksonville-fl",
    "name": "TierPoint Jacksonville Data Center",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.220681,
      "lon": -81.585108,
      "city": "Jacksonville",
      "county": "Duval",
      "street": "8324 Baymeadows Way",
      "postalCode": "32256",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/florida/jacksonville/",
        "label": "Jacksonville Data Center | TierPoint",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=8324%20Baymeadows%20Way%2C%20Jacksonville%2C%20FL%2032256&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Geocoder match for 8324 Baymeadows Way, Jacksonville, FL 32256",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?city=Jacksonville",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — \"TierPoint Jacksonville\", 8324 Baymeadows Way, Jacksonville FL 32256",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Colocation facility, 120,000+ sq ft total / 17,000+ sq ft raised floor. Two 2 MW redundant generators (48hr runtime) stated on operator site, but this describes backup generation, not confirmed site operational load, so capacityMw omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-kansas-city-lenexa-ks",
    "name": "TierPoint Kansas City - Lenexa",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.9406295,
      "lon": -94.7552326,
      "city": "Lenexa",
      "county": "Johnson",
      "state": "KS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/kansas/kansas-city-lenexa/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/880052062",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/880052062",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed on TierPoint's own directory: Kansas - Kansas City - Lenexa, 14500 W 105th St, Lenexa KS.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-little-rock-ar",
    "name": "TierPoint Little Rock",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.7562396,
      "lon": -92.4447234,
      "city": "Little Rock",
      "county": "Pulaski",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/arkansas/little-rock/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/388148510",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/388148510",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed directly on TierPoint's own facility page (Arkansas - Little Rock).",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Entergy Arkansas"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-marlborough-ma",
    "name": "TierPoint Boston Data Center (Marlborough)",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.31391,
      "lon": -71.58139,
      "city": "Marlborough",
      "county": "Middlesex",
      "street": "34 St. Martin Drive",
      "postalCode": "01752",
      "state": "MA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/massachusetts/",
        "label": "Massachusetts Data Centers - TierPoint",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/fac/11364",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility record: TierPoint Boston - Marlborough, 34 Saint Martin Dr, Marlborough MA 01752-3021",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Distinct facility from the existing tierpoint-boston-andover-ma record (15 Shattuck Road, Andover) — confirmed as a separate address on TierPoint's own Massachusetts locations page. That page states the two Massachusetts facilities together total just over 207,000 sq ft with no per-site breakdown, so no landAcres/sqft is recorded here. Tier III standard infrastructure, marketed within the \"495 Technology Corridor.\" \"High-performance computing capabilities\" is a general marketing description, not a named AI/GPU tenant, so aiClassification is left unset.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator describes its Massachusetts sites collectively (this facility and the separate Andover facility) as featuring \"high-performance computing capabilities and liquid cooling systems\" — a recirculating liquid-cooling loop, classified closed_loop per the contract's tie-breaker rule."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-milwaukee-wi",
    "name": "TierPoint Milwaukee",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0097937,
      "lon": -87.9610932,
      "city": "Milwaukee",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/wisconsin/milwaukee/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/9721703993",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap node/9721703993",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed on TierPoint's own directory: Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 3701 W Burnham St.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "We Energies"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-nashville-tn",
    "name": "TierPoint Nashville",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9245097,
      "lon": -86.8556872,
      "city": "Franklin",
      "county": "Williamson",
      "street": "311 Eddy Lane",
      "postalCode": "37064",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/tennessee/nashville/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/819981908",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/819981908",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?id=4374",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility 4374 — TierPoint Nashville, 311 Eddy Lane, Franklin, TN 37064",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Confirmed on TierPoint's own page; facility physically sits at 311 Eddy Lane, Franklin, TN (Williamson County), branded 'Nashville'.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Middle Tennessee Electric"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-newton-ia",
    "name": "TierPoint Newton Data Center",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6997,
      "lon": -93.0479,
      "city": "Newton",
      "county": "Jasper",
      "street": "403 W 4th St N",
      "postalCode": "50208",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/datacenters/tierpoint-newton-data-center/",
        "label": "TierPoint — Newton Data Center (facility listing: address, Tier I, SSAE 16 SOC I Type II, N+1 HVAC, carrier neutral)",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation facility with Tier I infrastructure, SSAE 16 SOC I Type II certification, N+1 HVAC, UPS with battery bank and diesel generator backup, and redundant fiber. Square footage and power capacity are not published on any page fetched this session. A reported $12 million, 14,000 sq ft expansion in November 2016 appears in secondary summaries but was not verified and is not recorded. A second-tier colocation site rather than a hyperscale or AI campus.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "TierPoint Oklahoma City (OKC / OKC2)",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4676,
      "lon": -97.5164,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "4121 Perimeter Center Place",
      "postalCode": "73112",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Both OKC facilities listed as operating on TierPoint's Oklahoma page.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/oklahoma/",
        "label": "TierPoint Oklahoma data centers (OKC 4121 Perimeter Center Place; OKC2 4114 Perimeter Center Place)",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (TierPoint Oklahoma City 1 & 2)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Recorded as one campus record: TierPoint lists OKC (4121 Perimeter Center Place) and OKC2 (4114 Perimeter Center Place) as two facilities across the street from each other. Distinct from the tracked TierPoint Tulsa - Archer record. Coordinates are an Oklahoma City centroid approximation.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-omaha-bellevue-ne",
    "name": "TierPoint Omaha - Bellevue Data Center",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.153,
      "lon": -95.925,
      "city": "Bellevue",
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "street": "1001 North Fort Crook Road",
      "postalCode": "68005",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 5.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/nebraska/omaha-bellevue/",
        "label": "TierPoint Omaha - Bellevue Data Center — 1001 North Fort Crook Road, Bellevue NE 68005; '100,000+ total square feet, 21,000+ square feet of raised floor space'; 'Five redundant generators totaling 5.5 MW'",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation facility at 1001 North Fort Crook Road, Bellevue (Sarpy County): 100,000+ total sq ft with 21,000+ sq ft of raised floor, A-side/B-side power distribution, a 100% uptime SLA, and 10,000 sq ft of business-continuity seating with a 300-seat recovery space. Carrier-class, carrier-neutral, with cloud on-ramps and a 10G wave to five regional TierPoint facilities. Certified SOC 1/2 Type II, SOC 2 + HITRUST, GLBA, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, NIST SP 800-53, ISO 27001, ITAR and Data Privacy Framework registered. capacityMw is deliberately OMITTED: the only power figure the operator publishes is 'five redundant generators totaling 5.5 MW', which is BACKUP generator nameplate, not IT load — recording it as facility capacity would overstate the site. Directory listings associate this address with Cosentry, the regional provider TierPoint acquired; no source fetched this session states that, so it is noted rather than asserted. Coordinates are a street-address approximation. confidence is 'reported' — single source (the operator's own page).",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Five redundant on-site generators totaling 5.5 MW with a minimum 48 hours of runtime — backup capacity, not IT load."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-omaha-midlands-papillion-ne",
    "name": "TierPoint Omaha - Midlands Data Center",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.11,
      "lon": -96.046,
      "city": "Papillion",
      "county": "Sarpy",
      "street": "11425 South 84th Street",
      "postalCode": "68046",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/nebraska/omaha-midlands/",
        "label": "TierPoint Omaha - Midlands Data Center — 11425 South 84th Street, Papillion NE 68046; '63,000+ total square feet', '15,000+ square feet of raised floor space'; 'Two 2.25 MW redundant generators'; LEED Gold and Energy Star certifications",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation facility at 11425 South 84th Street, Papillion (Sarpy County): 63,000+ total sq ft with 15,000+ sq ft of raised floor, A-side/B-side power distribution and a 100% uptime SLA. Notably holds LEED Gold and Energy Star certifications alongside SOC 1/2 Type II, SOC 2 + HITRUST, GLBA, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, NIST SP 800-53, ISO 27001, and ITAR / Data Privacy Framework registration. capacityMw is deliberately OMITTED: the only published power figure is 'two 2.25 MW redundant generators', which is BACKUP nameplate rather than IT load. A distinct site from TierPoint's Bellevue facility roughly 8 miles east — separate address, separate size, separate certifications. Coordinates are a street-address approximation. confidence is 'reported' — single source (the operator's own page).",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Two 2.25 MW redundant on-site generators with a minimum 48 hours of runtime — backup capacity, not IT load."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-russell-street-baltimore-md",
    "name": "TierPoint Baltimore (Russell Street)",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.275776951529,
      "lon": -76.625636130534,
      "city": "Baltimore",
      "street": "1401 Russell Street",
      "state": "MD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/maryland/",
        "label": "Maryland Data Centers | TierPoint",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://business.maryland.gov/news/tierpoint-expands-to-second-maryland-facility",
        "label": "TierPoint Expands to Second Maryland Facility",
        "publisher": "Maryland Department of Commerce",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Coordinates confirmed via US Census geocoder (exact match on 1401 Russell St, Baltimore, MD 21230). This is a DISTINCT TierPoint facility from the existing tierpoint-baltimore-bwi-md record (813 Pinnacle Drive, Linthicum Heights) -- the Maryland Department of Commerce's own release on the Linthicum Heights opening explicitly frames it as TierPoint's 'second Maryland facility,' confirming this Baltimore City site as the first/other one. TierPoint's own site states 28,000+ total sq ft (14,000+ sq ft raised floor) and 'two 1.5 MW redundant generators with a minimum of 48 hours runtime'; capacityMw omitted because that figure describes backup generator/runtime capacity, not a stated IT load or site power total. aiClassification omitted: no source names AI/GPU/HPC use at this site.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-sioux-falls-west-sd",
    "name": "TierPoint Sioux Falls - West",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.6069708,
      "lon": -96.8091949,
      "city": "Sioux Falls",
      "county": "Minnehaha",
      "street": "5300 North La Mesa Drive",
      "postalCode": "57107",
      "state": "SD",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/south-dakota/sioux-falls-west/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/239032142",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/239032142",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed directly on TierPoint's own facility page; address 5300 N La Mesa Dr, Sioux Falls, SD.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-spokane-wa",
    "name": "TierPoint Spokane",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6719149,
      "lon": -117.0959323,
      "city": "Liberty Lake",
      "county": "Spokane",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/washington/spokane/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/335468616",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/335468616",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "Confirmed directly on TierPoint's own facility page; physical address 23403 E Mission Ave, Liberty Lake, WA (Spokane County/metro).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-st-louis-olive-mo",
    "name": "TierPoint St. Louis - Olive",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.6297601,
      "lon": -90.1964208,
      "city": "Saint Louis",
      "county": "St. Louis city",
      "street": "1111 Olive Street",
      "postalCode": "63101",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/missouri/st-louis-olive/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/253682978",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/253682978",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "TierPoint operates three St. Louis-area sites (Millpark, Olive, Locust); OSM tag lacked a sub-name so mapped to the downtown Olive St facility as the most central/likely match. Flag: could also be Millpark or Locust — sub-location unconfirmed from OSM data alone.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-tulsa-archer-ok",
    "name": "TierPoint Tulsa - Archer",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1585898,
      "lon": -95.9886293,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "322 East Archer Street North",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/oklahoma/tulsa-archer/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/159959672",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/159959672",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Confirmed directly on TierPoint's own facility page (Tulsa - Archer).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-tulsa-state-farm-ok",
    "name": "TierPoint Tulsa - State Farm",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.154,
      "lon": -95.9928,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "12151 E. State Farm Boulevard",
      "postalCode": "74146",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operating TierPoint Oklahoma facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/oklahoma/",
        "label": "TierPoint Oklahoma data centers (Tulsa - State Farm, 12151 E. State Farm Blvd)",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (TierPoint Tulsa - State Farm)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Second TierPoint Tulsa facility, distinct from the tracked Tulsa - Archer site (322 E. Archer St, downtown). Coordinates are a Tulsa centroid approximation; the street address is exact.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-valley-forge-pa",
    "name": "TierPoint Valley Forge",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.1218812,
      "lon": -75.4208776,
      "city": "Norristown",
      "county": "Montgomery",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/pennsylvania/valley-forge/",
        "label": "TierPoint facility directory",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1109881281",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1109881281",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Address confirmed: 1000 Adams Ave, Norristown, PA — matches TierPoint's own Pennsylvania directory listing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PECO"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tierpoint-waterbury-ct",
    "name": "TierPoint Waterbury",
    "operator": "TierPoint",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.554366,
      "lon": -73.0410751,
      "city": "Waterbury",
      "street": "108 Bank Street",
      "state": "CT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tierpoint.com/data-centers/connecticut/waterbury/",
        "label": "Waterbury, CT Data Center — TierPoint",
        "publisher": "TierPoint",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=108%20Bank%20Street%2C%20Waterbury%2C%20CT%2006702&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json",
        "label": "US Census Geocoder match: 108 BANK ST, WATERBURY, CT, 06702",
        "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/657403397",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap building at 108 Bank Street, Waterbury, CT",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Carrier-neutral colocation suite on the 5th floor of a multi-tenant building at 108 Bank Street, Waterbury CT 06702 (≈25 miles southwest of Hartford, per the operator). precision is \"approximate\" because this is a leased floor inside a larger building, not a dedicated single-tenant parcel; OSM tags the building's general use as residential, which likely reflects the building's broader mixed-use character rather than this specific suite. TierPoint states 3,000+ total sq ft with 1,600+ sq ft of raised floor, onsite backup generation (one 125kW and one 400kW unit, 48+ hour runtime), a 100% uptime SLA, and multiple diverse fiber carriers. Audited annually under SOC 1 Type II, SOC 2 Type II, SOC 2 + HITRUST, GLBA, HIPAA, and PCI-DSS; ITAR and Data Privacy Framework registered. No MW, investment, or facility-founding-date figures were published. Coordinates cross-checked: US Census geocoder (41.554386, -73.041037) and OSM building footprint (41.554366, -73.0410751) agree within a few meters.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tigerdc-project-spero-spartanburg-county-sc",
    "name": "Project Spero (TigerDC), Tyger River Industrial Park",
    "operator": "TigerDC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.9109275,
      "lon": -82.092603,
      "county": "Spartanburg",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Spartanburg County Council adopted a resolution backing the project in November 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-02-28",
        "note": "TigerDC formally withdrew Project Spero from consideration in Spartanburg County after the council declined to offer tax incentives, stating that 'alignment has not been achieved' and that it would pursue alternative sites.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/02/27/company-withdraws-ai-data-center-spartanburg-county-consideration/",
        "label": "Company withdraws AI data center from Spartanburg County consideration",
        "publisher": "FOX Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Tyger+River+Industrial+Park%2C+Spartanburg+County%2C+South+Carolina&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode for Tyger River Industrial Park area, Spartanburg County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed for Tyger River Industrial Park-North in Spartanburg County. Local coverage put the investment at roughly $3 billion, but the fetched source describes it only as 'multibillion-dollar', so no investment figure is asserted here. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Tyger River Industrial Park area. Distinct from both the tracked Greenidge Spartanburg record and the NorthMark/Valara site. Re-checked 2026-09-10: 'cancelled' status remains accurate. TigerDC formally withdrew Project Spero on 2026-02-27 after Spartanburg County Council declined to offer a tax incentive amid sustained public opposition; TigerDC said it will look at other, more receptive communities but no replacement SC site has been named.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "TigerDC described a self-contained power strategy designed to avoid straining the local residential grid."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "TigerDC documentation described a closed-loop cooling system with negligible water impact."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tondu-stronach-township-manistee-mi",
    "name": "Stronach Township Data Center (Stronach Road)",
    "operator": "Tondu Corporation",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.2119349,
      "lon": -86.171785,
      "city": "Stronach",
      "county": "Manistee",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05",
        "note": "Tondu Corporation president Joe Tondu confirmed in May 2026 he was exploring a data center on 150 acres of industrially zoned land on Stronach Road; over 200 residents attended a township meeting. No agreements signed and no formal proposal filed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://upnorthlive.com/newsletter-daily/stronach-township-residents-voice-concerns-about-proposed-data-center-development-manistee-water-power-grid",
        "label": "Stronach Township residents voice concerns about proposed data center development",
        "publisher": "UpNorthLive (WPBN/WTOM)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gandernewsroom.com/2026/03/02/how-many-ai-data-centers-are-planned-in-michigan-we-counted/",
        "label": "How many AI data centers are planned in Michigan? We counted.",
        "publisher": "Gander Newsroom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Stronach%20Township%2C%20Manistee%20County%2C%20Michigan&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode for Stronach Township, Manistee County, Michigan (township-level pin)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are a township-level geocode, not the parcel. Gander Newsroom reports a temporary township moratorium on data center development was subsequently adopted; no capacity, investment or end user has been published.",
    "landAcres": 150,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "town-of-janesville-data-center-rock-county-wi",
    "name": "Town of Janesville Data Center Inquiry (Polzin/Fenric Roads)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (approached through a San Diego-based consulting firm)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.7158171,
      "lon": -89.1216592,
      "city": "Janesville",
      "county": "Rock",
      "street": "North Polzin Road at West Fenric Road",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "The town received a letter proposing the concept of a data center on 80 acres of farmland at the corner of North Polzin Road and West Fenric Road, near dozens of homes; contact came through a San Diego-based consulting firm. Rock County planning staff described it as \"more speculative\" with no application filed, and the town board said no NDAs were signed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2026/05/13/town-of-janesville--data-center--rock-county--paul-terpstra--petition",
        "label": "Rock County sees third data center proposal request",
        "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 Wisconsin",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://608scanner.com/the-rock-county-data-center-fight-janesvilles-three-proposals-and-the-vote-that-could-decide-them/",
        "label": "The Rock County data center fight: Janesville's three proposals and the vote that could decide them",
        "publisher": "608 Scanner",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gazettextra.com/news/more-rock-county-townships-are-seeking-data-center-moratoriums/article_c7214f26-7749-4c17-9e60-73e66da327b7.html",
        "label": "More Rock County townships are seeking data center moratoriums",
        "publisher": "Janesville Gazette (GazetteXtra)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=North+Polzin+Road%2C+Janesville%2C+Rock+County%2C+Wisconsin&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of North Polzin Road, Town of Janesville, Rock County, WI (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "The third of three Rock County data center proposals and the only one not already tracked here: the other two are the City of Janesville / former GM site (Viridian Acquisitions, tracked as viridian-apecs-janesville-wi) and the Town of Beloit quarry campus (tracked as cambrin-project-cornmaze-town-of-beloit-wi, since taken over by Panattoni Development and extended into the Town of Turtle as \"Project Cornmaze\"). This is in the unincorporated TOWN of Janesville, not the city. The end user has never been named; one leaked email referenced an entity called IGNIS, which no fetched source corroborates, so the operator field records only what is verifiable. Coordinates are a street-level geocode of North Polzin Road, not a parcel.",
    "landAcres": 80,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "An opposition petition gathered roughly 100 signatures per the town clerk, who said he had \"never seen a proposal like this in the town.\" The Town of Janesville board subsequently approved a data center moratorium, one of several Rock County townships to do so.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "townsite-solar-2-boulder-city-nv",
    "name": "Townsite Solar 2 Boulder City Data Center",
    "operator": "Townsite Solar 2 LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.9787649,
      "lon": -114.8337574,
      "city": "Boulder City",
      "county": "Clark",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 167
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-04",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-06",
        "note": "Townsite Solar 2 withdrew its application to build on approximately 88.5 acres of Boulder City-owned land; reporting indicates the developer intends to pursue a nearby federally owned parcel instead.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bcnv.org/1174/TS2-Data-Center-Proposal",
        "label": "TS2 Data Center Proposal (withdrawn 7.6.2026) - official Boulder City project page",
        "publisher": "City of Boulder City, Nevada",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/nevada",
        "label": "Data centers in Nevada - project list (Townsite Solar 2 Boulder City Data Center, Clark County, 170 MW, planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://biologicaldiversity.org/programs/public_lands/pdfs/2026-0213-Boulder-City-Stay-Granted.pdf",
        "label": "IBLA 2026-0213 / IBLA 2026-0216 stay order (Sept. 1, 2026) - City of Boulder City and Center for Biological Diversity v. BLM, Townsite Data Center amended right-of-way",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Interior Board of Land Appeals",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kjzz.org/business/2026-07-28/nevada-city-dubs-itself-a-test-case-for-data-centers-on-federal-lands-near-communities",
        "label": "Nevada city dubs itself a test case for data centers on federal lands near communities - 81-acre BLM parcel in Eldorado Valley, BLM approval released June 26",
        "publisher": "KJZZ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Proposed as two warehouse-style server buildings plus a 230 kV substation, battery energy storage and perimeter fencing, maximum 40-foot height with dark-sky-compliant lighting. The city page states 200-300 construction/testing jobs and 25-40 permanent technical positions; these ranges are not recorded as point values in the jobs field. Reported as a joint venture of Skylar Capital, Arevon Energy and Overwatch Capital, but that ownership was read only in a search summary and is not asserted here. Status is kept at proposed rather than cancelled: the withdrawal was of the city-land application, not of the project.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Self-supplied through a dedicated project-funded 230 kV line from the Mead substation, completely separate from Boulder City's power distribution system, with on-site battery storage for peak management. Peak demand stated as 167 MW, under 2% of Mead substation capacity."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Air-cooled closed-loop design. Potable water limited to restrooms and an employee kitchen, with roughly 90% of water used returning to the city wastewater treatment system."
    },
    "landAcres": 88.5,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Public pushback in Boulder City preceded the applicant's withdrawal of its application for the city-owned parcel on July 6, 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tpa-social-circle-technology-park-ga",
    "name": "Social Circle Technology Park",
    "operator": "TPA Group (developer; end tenant undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6562,
      "lon": -83.7182,
      "city": "Social Circle",
      "county": "Newton",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-01",
        "note": "TPA Group filed Development of Regional Impact application with Georgia Department of Community Affairs for nine-building campus near I-20 and SR-11",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-04",
        "note": "Social Circle Planning Commission recommended approval 3-2 for rezoning from agricultural to light industrial; jurisdictional dispute with Newton County ongoing",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/atlanta/news/deal-sheet/this-weeks-atlanta-deal-sheet-tpa-group-jumping-into-atlantas-data-center-game-with-massive-newton-county-complex-127605",
        "label": "TPA Group Plans Massive Newton County Data Center Complex",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/another-25-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-proposed-outside-atlanta-georgia/",
        "label": "Another 2.5 million sq ft data center campus proposed outside Atlanta, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://news.monroelocal.org/social-circle-officials-clear-way-for-second-data-center/",
        "label": "Social Circle officials clear way for second data center",
        "publisher": "Monroe Local News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.covnews.com/news/county/newton-county-enacts-moratoriums-data-centers-convenience-stores/",
        "label": "Newton County enacts moratoriums on data centers",
        "publisher": "The Covington News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Nine buildings, 2.56 million sq ft near I-20/SR-11 intersection. Construction planned to begin 2028; first phase operational target 2031. Formerly filed as Newton County Technology Park; renamed after jurisdictional ambiguity surfaced. Coordinates corrected to Social Circle city centroid (33.6562°N, 83.7182°W); original record had 33.5912°N which is approximately 4.5 miles south of the actual city center per multiple geocoding sources.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power",
      "notes": "Georgia Power committed to serve the site via an on-site substation (June 2025); power demand not disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "Project representatives were in discussions with the Newton County Water & Sewerage Authority (June 2025), which states it has capacity; no volume or cooling type disclosed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 317,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Social Circle City Council unanimously approved a special-use permit for SC Infrastructure LLC (June 2025). A jurisdictional dispute exists — Newton County does not recognize the 2008 annexation of the site into Social Circle. Newton County enacted a 30-day moratorium on new data-center applications (April 2026); Social Circle and Covington enacted their own moratoriums. The project is \"projected eventually to employ 200 people\" (developer — a projection). No lawsuit against this specific project.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-altoona-ia",
    "name": "Tract Altoona Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6439,
      "lon": -93.4649,
      "city": "Altoona",
      "county": "Polk",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-09-09",
        "note": "Tract announced acquisition of 453 fully entitled acres — annexation, rezoning and development agreement complete with the City of Altoona.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/news/tract-enters-the-des-moines-market-with-the-acquisition-of-453-acres-following-successful-collaboration-with-the-city-of-altoona-ia/",
        "label": "Tract enters the Des Moines market with the acquisition of 453 acres in Altoona, IA",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://altoonanow.org/tract-brings-450-acre-data-center-campus-to-altoona-iowa/",
        "label": "Tract Brings 450-Acre Data Center Campus to Altoona, Iowa",
        "publisher": "Altoona Now (Altoona Area Chamber / economic development)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-14",
    "notes": "Master-planned data center land campus — Tract acquires and entitles land, then delivers it to hyperscale and other data center operators rather than operating the halls itself. Fully entitled as of the September 2025 announcement (annexation, rezoning and development agreement complete). No end tenant, investment figure, job count or construction timeline has been published.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Tract states the technology park sits on existing 345 kV transmission lines and is expected to support over 1 GW of capacity."
    },
    "landAcres": 453,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Altoona Mayor Dean O'Connor described Tract as 'a great partner throughout this process.' The city supported the project through annexation, rezoning and a comprehensive development agreement, and Tract reserved 80 acres for future city growth.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-buckeye-tech-corridor-az",
    "name": "Buckeye Tech Corridor",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4136,
      "lon": -112.7203,
      "city": "Buckeye",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1800
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-02",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Buckeye City Council terminated the prior Cipriani residential master plan and approved the Buckeye Tech Corridor rezoning.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tract-plans-1700-acre-data-center-campus-in-phoenix-arizona/",
        "label": "Tract plans 1,700-acre data center campus in Phoenix, Arizona",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbigmedia.com/real-estate/2069-acre-parcel-will-become-a20-billion-data-center-park-in-buckeye/",
        "label": "2,069-acre parcel will become a $20 billion data center park in Buckeye",
        "publisher": "AZ Big Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/tract-planning-1700-acre-buckeye-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Tract Planning 1,700-acre Buckeye Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/project/buckeye/",
        "label": "Buckeye — Tract project page",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.mcassessor.maricopa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Parcels/MapServer/0",
        "label": "Maricopa County Assessor Parcel Viewer — 'AZLCO BUCKEYE LLC' parcel assemblage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.azfamily.com/2024/08/30/developer-wants-power-future-ai-buckeye-with-new-data-center/",
        "label": "AZFamily: Developer wants to power the future of AI in Buckeye with new data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://d3n9y02raazwpg.cloudfront.net/buckeyeaz/0eb9a025-6f87-11ee-b4aa-0050569183fa-8fca9741-32ef-4a0f-b8ad-ee8a00454790-1722900291.pdf",
        "label": "City of Buckeye Regular Council Meeting agenda packet, 6 August 2024 — Ordinance No. 08-24 and the executed Development Agreement with AZLCO Buckeye, LLC (§12 Regional Infrastructure Components and reimbursement terms)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://buckeyeaz.granicus.com/services/minutes/reports/23859ad0-eafd-4e39-b582-796e20fdc9cb/attachment",
        "label": "City of Buckeye council minutes, 6 August 2024 — adoption of Ordinance No. 08-24 approving the development agreement with AZLCO Buckeye, LLC (motion passed unanimously)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "Master-planned data center park on a ~2,069-acre former residential (Cipriani) parcel Tract acquired for ~$136M, south of I-10 in Buckeye; planned for up to ~20M sq ft across as many as 40 data centers at full build-out over ~15 years (~$20B). Coordinates are an approximate town-level geocode (Buckeye, south of I-10), not a parcel-confirmed point. The City of Buckeye executed a development agreement with AZLCO Buckeye, LLC (Ordinance No. 08-24, adopted unanimously 2024-08-06). It reimburses the developer for six enumerated regional infrastructure components it builds and dedicates to the city — two public-safety sites, temporary and permanent public-safety facilities, $15M toward the Johnson Road interchange, and oversized regional water infrastructure — funded by 20% of the tax revenue the project itself generates, beginning only after the city has received $60M cumulatively and terminating 20 years from the effective date. It is capped at \"the lesser of\" the developer's verified costs or $50,000,000, so it cannot exceed what the developer actually spent; it is cost recovery for public infrastructure rather than an incentive, abatement or credit, and is therefore not recorded as a subsidy. Nothing has been paid to date. Buckeye's economic-development director has projected \"more than 360 jobs at full build out\" — an end-state across as many as 40 separate future data centers, none yet leased, permitted or built, and so not recorded as a permanent-jobs figure for this site. A search of 226 Buckeye Council and P&Z agendas (Feb 2024 – Aug 2026) found no GPLET and no Foreign Trade Zone instrument.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)",
      "notes": "Buckeye Tech Corridor is planned around a standard APS grid interconnect; APS is working to expand area power infrastructure to serve up to 1.8GW of demand."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 20000000000,
    "landAcres": 2069,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Buckeye City Council approved a development agreement granting Tract up to $50M in public infrastructure reimbursements; the mayor voiced strong support and no organized opposition is documented across multiple independent press accounts.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-caldwell-valley-uhland-tx",
    "name": "Tract Caldwell Valley Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.9499,
      "lon": -97.7889,
      "city": "Uhland",
      "county": "Caldwell",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "poweredBy": "Blue Bonnet Electric Cooperative",
    "announcedDate": "2025-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "Tract closed on 1,515 acres in Caldwell County (between Austin and San Antonio) for a multi-gigawatt data-center technology park; Facility Design Agreement with Blue Bonnet Electric Coop; initial 360 MW energization H1 2028",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/news/tract-closes-acquisition-of-1515-acres-in-caldwell-county-texas-for-multi-gigawatt-data-center-technology-park/",
        "label": "Tract closes acquisition of 1,515 acres in Caldwell County, Texas for multi-gigawatt data center technology park",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://muskin-elam.com/1500-acre-data-center-campus-800-jobs-confirmed-for-small-town-in-caldwell-county/",
        "label": "Muskin | Elam Group — 1,500-acre data center campus, 800 jobs confirmed for small town in Caldwell County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "1,515-acre megasite in Caldwell County (Uhland area, between Austin and San Antonio); over 2 GW at full buildout (expansion toward ~4 GW is a ceiling — in notes), initial 360 MW utility delivery H1 2028 via Blue Bonnet Electric Cooperative. Land acquisition closed May 2025 (pre-construction). Coordinates are the Uhland area centroid.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Blue Bonnet Electric Cooperative"
    },
    "landAcres": 1515,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 800,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-eagle-mountain-ut",
    "name": "Tract Eagle Mountain Data Center Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.30935,
      "lon": -112.01198,
      "city": "Eagle Mountain",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://eaglemountain.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Eagle-Mountain-Press-Release_1.17.2024-1.pdf",
        "label": "Tract announces acquisition of 668 acres in Eagle Mountain, UT, promising further investment for data center campuses",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain City (hosting Tract press release, January 2024)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/50855355/colorado-based-company-acquires-land-for-another-data-center-in-eagle-mountain",
        "label": "Colorado-based company acquires land for another data center in Eagle Mountain",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1158232.pdf",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain RDA Board Meeting packet — Triple Tail Project Area Plan, Exhibit C Parcel List (August 20, 2024)",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency via Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/24docs/2403543/336619PtnIntrvnTract11-20-2024.pdf",
        "label": "Petition to Intervene of Tract Capital Management, LP, UTLCO Eagle Mtn., LLC, and UTLCO Eagle Mtn. Two, LLC (Utah PSC Docket No. 24-035-43)",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Service Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1237341.pdf",
        "label": "Notice of Interlocal Agreements — Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency, Utah County, Alpine School District, Eagle Mountain City, Central Utah Water Conservancy District, and Unified Fire Service Area (Triple Tail Project Area)",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency via Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Triple Tail Community Reinvestment Project Area (Eagle Mountain Redevelopment Agency, Title 17C): 55% of property-tax increment for 40 years to Utah County ($101,979,662 cap), Alpine School District ($904,447,677 cap), Eagle Mountain City (no stated cap), and the Unified Fire District ($209,244,856 cap), plus 55% for 20 years to the Central Utah Water Conservancy District ($2,487,309/phase cap), and a 35% rebate of Eagle Mountain City's Electric ME Tax for 40 years. No single document found in this session names Tract inside the Triple Tail record by name — the attribution rests on a two-document chain: the RDA's own Project Area Plan parcel list (Exhibit C) names the project area's largest landowner as UTLCO Eagle Mtn Two, LLC (671.49 of 1,170.44 acres), and a separate Utah Public Service Commission filing (Docket No. 24-035-43, Petition to Intervene) identifies UTLCO Eagle Mtn., LLC and UTLCO Eagle Mtn. Two, LLC as subsidiaries of Tract Capital Management, LP. Treat the Tract attribution as inferred from these two independently-sourced primary documents, not as stated by any single filing.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Rocky Mountain Power",
      "notes": "Tract states it 'is in the queue with Rocky Mountain Power to deliver more than 400 megawatts via new transmission infrastructure by 2028.' This is queued interconnection capacity for a master-planned park, not built or energized capacity."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Triple Tail Community Reinvestment Project Area (Title 17C Community Reinvestment Agency) — 55% of property-tax increment for 40 years to Utah County, Alpine School District, Eagle Mountain City, and the Unified Fire District (55% for 20 years to Central Utah Water Conservancy District), each subject to a per-entity cap, plus a 35% rebate of Eagle Mountain City's Electric ME Tax",
        "jurisdiction": "Eagle Mountain City / Utah County, UT",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 668,
    "community": {
      "notes": "Eagle Mountain Mayor Tom Westmoreland is quoted in the city-hosted release welcoming the acquisition: 'we look forward to working with partners like Tract to develop new campuses and expand our emergence as a tech hub while maintaining our small-town charm.' Scott Cuthbertson, president and CEO of the Economic Development Corporation of Utah, credited 'Tract's leadership in minimizing water impact.' No organized opposition surfaced in the sources read."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-farmington-technology-park-mn",
    "name": "Farmington Technology Park (Tract)",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.606,
      "lon": -93.152,
      "city": "Farmington",
      "county": "Dakota",
      "street": "2830 W. 220th St.",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 708
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/farmington-hyperscale-data-center-pushback/",
        "label": "Farmington residents push back against massive data center projected to double city's water use",
        "publisher": "CBS Minnesota",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_thisweek/community/dakota_county/tract-speaks-about-updated-farmington-technology-park/article_43acd923-b4d8-42ee-a192-b34612835e02.html",
        "label": "Tract speaks about updated Farmington Technology Park",
        "publisher": "Sun Thisweek / Dakota County Tribune (hometownsource.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_thisweek/community/dakota_county/mayor-breaks-silence-on-data-center-litigation/article_a768aecf-31bc-4f8c-b81c-8fc1fe7ece22.html",
        "label": "Mayor breaks silence on data center, litigation",
        "publisher": "Sun Thisweek / Dakota County Tribune (hometownsource.com)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.farmingtonmn.gov/473/Data-Center-Farmington-Technology-Park",
        "label": "Data Center (Farmington Technology Park)",
        "publisher": "City of Farmington, MN (official)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/5b-data-center-park-farmington-110700186.html",
        "label": "$5B data center park in Farmington moves forward despite objections from some residents",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mnlcofarmington.com/",
        "label": "Farmington Technology Park (Tract) — project site: \"275+ permanent, high-quality skilled jobs, with union support\"; entitlements complete, site preparation underway",
        "publisher": "Tract Capital Management, LP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/infrastructure/farmington-minn-residents-sue-to-stop-data-center-park",
        "label": "Government Technology — Farmington, Minn., residents sue to stop data center park: site at 2830 W. 220th St., 340 acres, up to 12 buildings, ~$5B at full buildout",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Denver-based land developer Tract's speculative hyperscale campus at the former Fountain Valley Golf Club (2830 220th St W) plus adjacent Farmington school-district land, Dakota County. Final plat/PUD unanimously approved by Planning Commission Nov 12, 2024; City Council approved final plat/PUD Nov 18, 2024 and a development contract Dec 2, 2024. Tract closed on the golf-course land purchase Feb 10, 2026 ($18M, per a Tract exec, injecting ~$3,000/student into the school district). City Council split the Technology Park into two phases in April 2026; recording deadline for the final plat extended to May 18, 2026. END USER NOT PUBLICLY DISCLOSED as of source dates — Tract builds speculative 'powered shell' campuses for undisclosed hyperscale tenants, so treat operator as the developer, not a confirmed end-user. Two lawsuits pending (Castle Rock Township + Farmington residents) over water use, noise, and setbacks; judge denied the city's motion to dismiss in November 2025/2026. Facility scope: up to 12 buildings, 2.5M+ sq ft, plus 2 admin buildings. Coordinates are an approximate estimate for 220th St W south of downtown Farmington — not geocoded this session, verify before publish. Operating entities: MNLCO Farmington LLC / MNLCO Farmington Two LLC.",
    "investmentUsd": 5000000000,
    "landAcres": 340,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 275,
      "sourceIndex": 5
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Two residents and the Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development sued to stop the project, alleging violations of the Orderly Annexation Agreement between Farmington and Castle Rock Township and raising water, electricity, noise and air-quality objections. The City of Farmington records the matter as case 19HA-CV-25-992 with plaintiff dismissals filed as of 2026-09-16.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-hanover-technology-park-va",
    "name": "Hanover Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.81,
      "lon": -77.47,
      "county": "Hanover",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-06-26",
        "note": "Secured zoning approval in 2024; Richmond BizSense reported in June 2026 that Tract 'is underway on construction of a 1,200-acre campus near Ashland'. Tract's own project page lists the site as 'Owned & In Development'.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/project/hanover/",
        "label": "Hanover — Tract (operator project page)",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260724010609/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/06/26/one-data-center-project-pulled-and-another-delayed-in-hanover-as-supervisors-reinstitute-equipment-tax/",
        "label": "One data center project pulled and another delayed in Hanover, as supervisors reinstitute equipment tax (archived)",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "1,211 total acres in five parcels ranging from 153 to 318 acres, north of the Town of Ashland along the I-95 corridor, zoned M-1 Limited Industrial for by-right data center use with up to 110-foot building heights. Distinct from the two Tract records already tracked: the cancelled Mountain Road Technology Park (western Hanover, denied May 2026) and Tuckahoe Technology Park in Goochland. Coordinates are an approximate geocode north of Ashland, not a parcel-confirmed point. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked Tract's own project page (2026-09-10); it lists only acreage, capacity, and zoning/utility specifications with no mention of public hearings, rezoning votes, resident opposition, or support. No community-reception record found in this source.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy",
      "notes": "Operator states up to 2,400 MW across 8 substations; the site contains an existing utility transmission corridor and a natural gas pipeline."
    },
    "landAcres": 1211,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-mooresville-nc",
    "name": "Mooresville Campus",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.58,
      "lon": -80.81,
      "city": "Mooresville",
      "county": "Iredell",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-08-13",
        "note": "Tract withdrew its rezoning application for the Mooresville Technology Park (Iredell County) in August 2025 after community opposition. The Mooresville mayor said there is 'no longer an active request' to build the data center and that it was removed from all future town meeting agendas. (This project was already withdrawn ~11 months before Compute Atlas added it as 'proposed'.)",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55308975/scaling-up-tracts-master-planned-land-and-infrastructure-approach-to-data-center-development",
        "label": "Scaling up: Tract's master-planned land and infrastructure approach to data center development",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wbtv.com/2025/08/13/developers-withdraw-plans-data-center-nascar-legends-land-mooresville/",
        "label": "Developers withdraw plans for data center on NASCAR legend's land in Mooresville",
        "publisher": "WBTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/n-c-data-center-awaits-approval-to-build-on-earnhardt-land",
        "label": "GovTech — N.C. Data Center Awaits Approval to Build on Earnhardt Land",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-25",
    "notes": "400-acre master-planned campus, approximately 30 miles north of Charlotte.",
    "landAcres": 400,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 195,
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-morris-technology-park-il",
    "name": "Morris Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.36,
      "lon": -88.43,
      "city": "Morris",
      "county": "Grundy",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Tract's own 15 January 2026 announcement of its 343-acre Morris acquisition states the Morris Technology Park site is 'fully zoned and entitled' and that it has an executed Transmission Security Agreement with ComEd supporting 1 GW at full build-out. That places the project past announcement and into approved-but-not-yet-built. Initial energization is targeted for June 2028, with a full 1 GW load ramp by 2032.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55308975/scaling-up-tracts-master-planned-land-and-infrastructure-approach-to-data-center-development",
        "label": "Scaling up: Tract's master-planned land and infrastructure approach to data center development",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/news/tract-enters-greater-chicago-market-with-the-acquisition-of-343-acres-to-be-developed-as-a-1gw-data-center-campus-known-as-the-morris-technology-park/",
        "label": "Tract enters Greater Chicago market with the acquisition of 343 acres to be developed as a 1GW data center campus (Morris Technology Park)",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "343-acre master-planned data center campus in Morris (Grundy County), IL, developed by Tract as powered land/shell infrastructure. Fully zoned and entitled, with an executed Transmission Security Agreement (TSA) with Commonwealth Edison (ComEd) to support 1 GW (1,000 MW) of planned power at full build-out across ~2.9M sq ft.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "ComEd"
    },
    "landAcres": 343,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "The site was already fully zoned and entitled at acquisition; the mayor credited the city's proactive zoning/infrastructure groundwork for attracting the project; no opposition documented in available coverage.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-mountain-road-technology-park-hanover-va",
    "name": "Mountain Road Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.693493,
      "lon": -77.53629,
      "county": "Hanover",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 900
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-30",
        "note": "Tract filed the Mountain Road Technology Park rezoning; Planning Commission recommended approval 2026-04-16",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-05-27",
        "note": "Hanover Board of Supervisors denied the rezoning, building-height exception, and substation CUP 4-3",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2025/10/30/data-center-developer-tract-proposes-mountain-road-tech-park-in-western-hanover-county/",
        "label": "Data center developer Tract proposes Mountain Road Tech Park in western Hanover County",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tracts-430-acre-data-center-rejected-by-local-officials-in-hanover-county-virginia/",
        "label": "Tract's 430-acre data center rejected by local officials in Hanover County, Virginia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/05/28/hanover-supervisors-reject-data-center-project-on-mountain-road/",
        "label": "Hanover supervisors reject data center project on Mountain Road",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-06-01/hanover-mountain-road-data-center-tract-davis-prichard-kirchner-dibble",
        "label": "Hanover supervisors nix Mountain Road data center project",
        "publisher": "VPM News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/sKZWgJlU6SekCzQV/arcgis/rest/services/Hanover_Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=GPIN%3D%277767-17-2423%27&outFields=*&f=json",
        "label": "Hanover County parcel/GIS record (parcel GPIN 7767-17-2423)",
        "publisher": "Hanover County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/hanover-supervisors-reject-430-acre-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "Virginia Business: Hanover supervisors reject 430-acre data center campus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-04-17/hanover-planning-commission-mountain-rd-data-center-covington-strong",
        "label": "VPM: Hanover planning commission recommends approving Mountain Rd data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/hanover-county/tract-data-center-vote-may-28-2026",
        "label": "WTVR (CBS 6) — Hanover rejects Mountain Road data center after marathon meeting / vote coverage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Tract (with Marchetti Properties, via Valco Hanover County 4 LLC) sought to rezone ~427 acres from A1 Agricultural to M1 at 13074 Mountain Road / 12517 Winns Church Road (US Route 33) on the Hanover-Henrico line near the Chickahominy River — five data center buildings, up to three substations, hundreds of MW of demand. Aligned with Hanover's Route 33 Gateway Small Area Plan. Distinct from Tract's Tuckahoe Technology Park in Goochland County. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the Route 33 / Mountain Road corridor in western Hanover near the Henrico line.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "430-acre, ~900MW campus (per DCD planning-commission coverage) rejected by Hanover County Board of Supervisors 4-3 on May 29, 2026. Power plan was a standard Dominion Energy grid interconnection, with Dominion anticipating first electrical service in late 2029; no on-site generation or PPA disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 2,
      "notes": "Estimated 600,000–2,000,000 gallons/day; Hanover relies on the City of Richmond for water."
    },
    "landAcres": 427,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 8
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-norwalk-ia",
    "name": "Tract Norwalk Data Center Park (Project West)",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.460963,
      "lon": -93.6978644,
      "city": "Norwalk",
      "county": "Warren",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-03-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-03-05",
        "note": "Norwalk City Council approved a site development agreement with Tract for a 282-acre site west of Highway 28 and south of Delaware Street. The city stressed the vote does not itself approve a data center; a future operator would need separate city, state and federal review.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.norwalk.iowa.gov/news_detail_T5_R273.php",
        "label": "Attention Norwalk Residents — statement on the land developer agreement",
        "publisher": "City of Norwalk, Iowa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.indianola-ia.com/news/norwalk-city-council-approved-data-center-development-agreement-despite-citizen-concerns/article_96dc529d-b4f8-4eaf-83dd-b99d5a768dba.html",
        "label": "Norwalk City Council approved data center development agreement despite citizen concerns",
        "publisher": "Indianola Record-Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Tract is a master-planned data center park developer; it buys, entitles and powers land rather than operating data centers itself, so the eventual operator is not yet named. The city projects roughly $5 million a year in new city property tax revenue ($15 million across all taxing entities) and says no tax incentives were offered, only a waiver of sanitary sewer district fees. Local reporting cites a roughly $12 billion eventual campus investment; that figure is a city expectation for a future, unnamed operator rather than a committed site-level investment, so it is not recorded as investmentUsd.",
    "water": {
      "notes": "The city's site development agreement dedicates 400,000 gallons per day of water capacity to the developer, against a planned industrial reserve of 650,000 gpd."
    },
    "landAcres": 282,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "City hall and a library overflow room were packed for the March 5, 2026 hearing, with more than two hours of public comment focused on water sustainability and environmental impact; the council approved the agreement unanimously with one member absent.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-peru-shelf-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Peru Shelf Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.545801,
      "lon": -119.497162,
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 810
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-09-11",
        "note": "Listed as under construction by Blackridge Research; Tract's own project page describes the campus as owned and in development with site energization in February 2027 and construction power available immediately.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/project/peru-shelf/",
        "label": "Tract - Peru Shelf Technology Park project page (686 total acres, 810 MW, Storey County / Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center)",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/blog/upcoming-new-ai-hyperscale-data-center-projects-nevada",
        "label": "Top 5 New Data Center Projects in Nevada (2026) - Tract Peru Shelf Technology Park, Storey County, 810 MW, under construction",
        "publisher": "Blackridge Research",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/counties/storey-county-nv/",
        "label": "dcmap.us Storey County listing - Peru Shelf Technology Park, Tract, under construction, 810 MW",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-11",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-11",
    "notes": "Parcels range from 183 to 277 acres; zoned for by-right data center use with 125-foot building height allowances. Distinct from Tract's Peru Ridge (517 acres / 230 MW), South Valley (1,534 acres / 1,215 MW), Sapphire (1,063 acres / 700 MW, the Silver Springs campus) and Virginia Highlands (8,590 acres / 2,500 MW) projects. Coordinates are an OpenStreetMap Peru Drive road point, not a parcel-confirmed location.",
    "landAcres": 686,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-project-range-buckeye-goodyear-az",
    "name": "Project Range",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.435,
      "lon": -112.512,
      "city": "Buckeye",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-28",
        "note": "Under review by Maricopa County planning staff; comprehensive plan amendment and rezoning requests in progress, no hearing dates scheduled as of this retrieval.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/massive-data-center-master-plan-proposed-in-west-valley/",
        "label": "Massive Data Center Master Plan Proposed in West Valley",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "A Maricopa County island between Buckeye and Goodyear, on both sides of Yuma Road between Perryville Road and Jackrabbit Trail. Plan is 28 buildings across two campuses totalling about 5.6 million sq ft, individual buildings 149,000-260,000 sq ft, with roughly 100 acres set aside for parks and public uses and a 15+ year build-out. No MW figure disclosed. Distinct from Tract's tracked Buckeye Tech Corridor site, which is a separate ~1,700-acre holding inside the Buckeye city limits in the Cipriani area south of I-10 — the two neighbouring cities' formal objections to Project Range confirm it is not the campus they already entitled.",
    "landAcres": 1000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The cities of Buckeye and Goodyear both raised significant concerns over building heights, noise and deviation from surrounding land use, and area residents circulated a petition opposing the project. The applicant lowered proposed heights from 110 to 60 feet and increased setbacks from 100 to 500 feet.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-silver-springs-nv",
    "name": "Tract Silver Springs Data Center Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.407,
      "lon": -119.229,
      "city": "Silver Springs",
      "county": "Lyon",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1600
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Tract closed on ~1,060 acres near Silver Springs following rezoning and a development agreement approved by Lyon County; site master-planned for up to 1.6GW with an initial 700MW under utility study.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/news/tract-expands-its-greater-reno-portfolio-closing-on-1060-acres-in-silver-springs-nevada-following-successful-rezoning-and-development-agreement-with-lyon-county/",
        "label": "Tract Expands Its Greater Reno Portfolio, Closing on 1,060 Acres in Silver Springs, Nevada",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tract-acquires-1000-acres-in-nevada-for-16gw-data-center-park/",
        "label": "Tract acquires 1,000 acres in Nevada for 1.6GW data center park",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://citizenportal.ai/articles/2740005/Lyon-County/Nevada/Lyon-County-approves-Tract-Capitals-data-center-project-plan-in-Silver-Springs",
        "label": "Lyon County approves Tract Capital's data center project plan in Silver Springs",
        "publisher": "CitizenPortal.ai",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/nevada/reno/tract-silver-springs/",
        "label": "Tract Silver Springs Data Center",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-30",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/tract-acquires-1-000-acres-in-nevada-for-1-6gw-data-center-park",
        "label": "Tract Acquires 1,000 Acres in Nevada for 1.6GW Data Center Park",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Master-planned data center park near Silver Springs, Lyon County (near the US-50/USA Parkway corridor east of Reno). ~1,060 acres acquired with approved rezoning and a Lyon County development agreement; buildout capacity up to 1.6GW with an initial 700MW under utility study, planned dry/air-cooled to minimize water use. Land/entitlement stage — proposed, not yet under construction. Coordinates approximate to Silver Springs.",
    "landAcres": 1060,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Tract's own announcement (2025-09-17) quotes Lyon County Manager Andrew Haskin welcoming the project after 'successful rezoning and development agreement with Lyon County' (per the article's own title); no opposition or resident concerns documented. Checked: operator press release only -- this is a county economic-development official's statement, not an independent local-news check or a residents' poll.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-tuckahoe-technology-park-goochland-county-va",
    "name": "Tuckahoe Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.68,
      "lon": -77.68,
      "county": "Goochland",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 900
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/tract-planning-872-acre-data-center-campus-in-goochland/",
        "label": "Tract planning 872-acre data center campus in Goochland",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/data-center-goochland-june-11-2026",
        "label": "Tract submits application for Tuckahoe Technology Park in Goochland",
        "publisher": "WTVR",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.goochlandva.us/1480/Tuckahoe-Technology-Park",
        "label": "Goochland County: Tuckahoe Technology Park official project page",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "notes": "Eastern Goochland County, west of West Creek Business Park; 13 parcels, up to 7 development areas/buildings. $3B+ construction spending projected over a 5-7 year buildout. Pre-application for a conditional-use permit filed June 10, 2026 - the first project under Goochland's new Technology Overlay District. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia",
      "notes": "900MW campus proposed to be 'served by multiple on-site substations connected to nearby high-voltage transmission lines' — a standard Dominion Energy grid interconnect. No renewable PPA, on-site generation, or clean-energy commitment disclosed in reporting or the county's project page."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 872,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 350,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Tuckahoe is the first project filed under Goochland's new Technology Overlay District, which is itself the subject of an active lawsuit by four residents alleging the county violated state notice requirements when adopting it; the overlay's adoption also drew broader resident backlash.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "tract-virginia-highlands-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Tract Virginia Highlands Technology Park",
    "operator": "Tract",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5071009,
      "lon": -119.6464691,
      "city": "Lockwood",
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-29",
        "note": "Tract lists the site as owned and in development: 8,590 acres across 11 parcels with 2,500 MW of planned capacity.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tract.com/project/virginia-highlands/",
        "label": "Virginia Highlands - Tract project page (8,590 acres, 11 parcels, 2,500 MW, owned and in development)",
        "publisher": "Tract",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cleanview.co/data-centers/nevada",
        "label": "Data centers in Nevada - project list and locations (Tract Virginia Highlands, Storey County, 2,500 MW, planned)",
        "publisher": "Cleanview",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Land is positioned between the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center and the Virginia City Highlands, just southeast of Lockwood, with parcels ranging from 250 to 1,200 acres and existing industrial zoning. This is a land-and-power park with no named tenant or building programme disclosed; the 2,500 MW is Tract's stated site capacity, not a built or contracted figure. Coordinates are the Lockwood reference point, not a parcel boundary. Distinct from Tract's Silver Springs / Sapphire site in Lyon County, which the tracker already carries. Public-reception check (2026-09-10): The 8,590-acre Storey County site (between the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center and Virginia City Highlands, southeast of Lockwood) was already zoned industrial with data centers as a pre-approved use at acquisition (2024-06-18), consistent with Storey County/TRIC's long-standing industrial-friendly zoning posture. Checked: Tract's own project page and its 2024 acquisition press release -- neither mentions a public hearing, county-official statement, or any resident opposition/support specific to this parcel.",
    "landAcres": 8590,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "trammell-crow-lewis-clark-ranch-west-richland-wa",
    "name": "Trammell Crow Lewis & Clark Ranch Data Center",
    "operator": "Trammell Crow Company",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.3046,
      "lon": -119.3667,
      "city": "West Richland",
      "county": "Benton",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/articles/west-richland-data-center",
        "label": "Company eyes West Richland for future data center",
        "publisher": "Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-22",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
    "notes": "Feasibility-stage proposal on part of the 7,000-acre Lewis & Clark Ranch; due diligence and a purchase-and-sale agreement with landowner Frank Tiegs LLC underway as of Dec 2025; no capacity or investment figure disclosed; BPA power availability cited as the open question.",
    "landAcres": 500,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "treaty-oak-redfield-solar-grant-county-ar",
    "name": "Redfield Solar Project",
    "operator": "Treaty Oak Clean Energy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.3100971,
      "lon": -92.4013484,
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 100
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-03-06",
        "note": "Treaty Oak Clean Energy broke ground on the 100 MW Redfield Solar Project in Grant County; roughly 200 construction jobs and about $10 million in lifetime tax revenue were projected, following a $123 million financial close in December 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Treaty Oak announced substantial completion and commercial operation on 2026-05-28, stating the facility 'achieved commercial operations last month' - its first operational asset. Lifetime local and state tax revenue was restated as about $9 million.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.treatyoakcleanenergy.com/news/treaty-oak-clean-energy-llc-announces-substantial-completion-redfield-may-28-2026",
        "label": "Treaty Oak Clean Energy Announces Substantial Completion and Commercial Operation Date for the Redfield Solar Project",
        "publisher": "Treaty Oak Clean Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southernrenewable.org/news-updates/srea-member-treaty-oak-energy-breaks-ground-on-100-mw-redfield-solar-project",
        "label": "SREA member Treaty Oak Energy breaks ground on 100 MW Redfield Solar Project",
        "publisher": "Southern Renewable Energy Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2025/nov/12/treaty-oaks-redfield-solar-project-to-supply/",
        "label": "Treaty Oak's Redfield Solar Project to supply Google data centers",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Sheridan%2C+Grant+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Sheridan, Grant County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for Sheridan, the Grant County town sources associate the array with ('the array near Sheridan'). Sources consistently place the project in SOUTHEASTERN Grant County, which is east of Sheridan, so this pin is a town-level approximation that likely sits west of the actual 1,033-acre footprint - do not treat it as a site centroid. The project is named for Redfield, which is in neighboring Jefferson County, not for its own location. Lifetime tax revenue is stated as 'more than $10 million' at groundbreaking and 'an estimated $9 million' at commercial operation; both are recorded in statusHistory rather than reconciled. Treaty Oak's completion release does not name the offtaker; the Google PPA is established by the November 2025 Arkansas Democrat-Gazette report and the developer's own PPA announcement.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "notes": "Interconnected through Entergy Arkansas into MISO; Treaty Oak says the project 'supports regional grid reliability across key Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) subregions.'"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 123000000,
    "landAcres": 1033,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Google",
      "notes": "100 MW across 1,033 acres in southeastern Grant County. Google is the sole offtaker under a 15-year power purchase agreement announced 2025-11-12, with the power supporting Google data centers across the MISO region. poweredFacilityIds is deliberately NOT set: the PPA is region-level, not tied to a single named campus, so attributing it to google-west-memphis-ar would overstate the source. Project commitments included Arkansas-made materials (steel from U.S. Steel's Big River Steel mill in Osceola, components from Premier PV in Crossett) and a $100,000 donation to the Grant County Library."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "treetop-east-fishkill-ny",
    "name": "Treetop East Fishkill Data Center (proposed, no application filed)",
    "operator": "Treetop Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "rumored",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.534,
      "lon": -73.801,
      "city": "East Fishkill",
      "county": "Dutchess",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1000
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-05",
        "note": "Town Supervisor Nicholas D'Alessandro stated that \"no site plan, special permit application, zoning request, or other development application has been submitted to the town for review.\"",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "East Fishkill Town Board passed a three-year moratorium on data centers, June 25, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cicbca.org/202605-east-fishkill-supervisor-pulls-plug-on-plan-to-build-big-data-center/",
        "label": "East Fishkill Supervisor Pulls Plug On Plan to Build Big Data Center",
        "publisher": "cicbca.org",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.alittlebeaconblog.com/blog/by-unanimous-vote-east-fishkill-town-board-passes-3-year-moratorium-on-data-centers",
        "label": "By Unanimous Vote, East Fishkill Town Board Passes 3 Year Moratorium On Data Centers",
        "publisher": "A Little Beacon Blog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "⚠️ LOW-CERTAINTY BY CONSTRUCTION - included because a 1,000 MW load is the largest proposed in New York found in this run, and excluded fields say why. confidence is 'rumored' and status 'proposed' rather than 'cancelled': the town supervisor confirmed on May 11, 2025 that \"no site plan, special permit application, zoning request, or other development application has been submitted to the town for review,\" and the developer \"has never submitted a formal application for the project nor a site plan\" - yet the project was still described as under evaluation in the NYISO process when the town passed its moratorium on June 25, 2026, so it is not affirmatively dead either. Teaneck, NJ-based Treetop Development is evaluating converting land currently planned for \"a 1,161,515 SF warehouse\" (scaled down to 765,000 square feet in other reporting) into \"a 1,000-megawatt (1-gigawatt) data center.\" capacityMw.planned = 1000 is that stated figure, unconverted. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): NEITHER fetched source gives a street, parcel, acreage, square footage for the data center itself, investment, job count, water figure, utility, or subsidy agreement; secondary reporting places the site \"off of I-84 and Lime Kiln Road\" but that was NOT verified in a fetched source, so no street is recorded and coordinates are a TOWN-LEVEL placeholder for East Fishkill, Dutchess County. If the maintainer's bar is a filed application, this record should be dropped.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The East Fishkill Town Board \"voted unanimously to pass\" a three-year moratorium on data centers on June 25, 2026, following organised resident opposition; advocacy groups have used the fight to campaign for a statewide Responsible Data Center Development Act.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "trex-peakdigital-orofino-id",
    "name": "Peak Digital Solutions – Orofino Facility",
    "operator": "T-REX Acquisition Corp (Peak Digital Solutions LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 46.4794,
      "lon": -116.254,
      "city": "Orofino",
      "county": "Clearwater",
      "state": "ID",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/TRXA/t-rex-acquisition-corp-completes-asset-acquisition-of-peak-digital-43sgz8183y9d.html",
        "label": "T-REX Acquisition Corp. Completes Asset Acquisition of Peak Digital Solutions LLC",
        "publisher": "StockTitan (GlobeNewswire mirror)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.icua.coop/member/clearwater-power-co/",
        "label": "Clearwater Power Co. member profile (consumer-owned cooperative, Lewiston ID HQ, ~11,500 accounts)",
        "publisher": "Idaho Consumer Owned Utilities Association",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-05",
    "notes": "T-REX Acquisition Corp (Nasdaq: TRXA) completed an asset acquisition of Peak Digital Solutions LLC's turnkey Bitcoin-mining/co-location facility in Orofino, Idaho (~6,000 sq ft, with racks, cooling and operational systems) on March 11, 2025, after first agreeing to the deal in July 2024 and consolidating T-REX's mining operations from two other sites into this one; deal valued at ~$500,000. At close, co-location tenants occupied roughly one-third of rack space with T-REX using the remainder for proprietary mining. Power is supplied by Clearwater Power Company, a member-owned rural electric cooperative headquartered in Lewiston, ID (serving ~11,500 accounts across northern Idaho); SEC filing indexes reference an October 2024 power-service agreement between T-REX and Clearwater Power, but the exact contracted MW capacity was not found in directly-read sources, so it is left blank rather than estimated from the sq-ft figure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "triboro-industrial-park-jessup-olyphant-lackawanna-county-pa",
    "name": "Triboro Industrial Park / Triboro Commerce Park",
    "operator": "Ercor Triboro LLC (Sansone Group)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.45,
      "lon": -75.58,
      "city": "Jessup / Olyphant",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wvia.org/news/local/2026-04-22/ppl-electric-utilities-confirms-data-centers-spurred-transmission-project-in-lackawanna-county",
        "label": "PPL Electric Utilities confirms data centers spurred transmission project in Lackawanna County",
        "publisher": "WVIA",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://thetimes-tribune.com/2026/04/29/firm-linked-to-denaples-challenges-olyphant-over-data-center-zoning/",
        "label": "The Times-Tribune — \"Firm linked to DeNaples challenges Olyphant over data center zoning\" (corroborated by lackawannacounty.com settlement coverage)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Jessup/Olyphant border. Converted from a 4-warehouse plan to up to 9 proposed data centers; ~$80M land acquisition; first building targeted 2027. Rezoning/litigation resolved via an Olyphant Borough Council settlement. PPL confirmed a transmission project is being built to serve it but would not name the customer (NDA). One of three competing, previously-untracked proposals in the Lackawanna County cluster (see also Project Gravity and Wildcat Ridge, both added this session). Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "landAcres": 548,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Triboro Commerce Park LLC sued Olyphant Borough after the council moved to invalidate zoning covering the site; the council later voted unanimously to settle via a stipulation that a community group said effectively conceded what a judge would likely have ruled for the developer anyway.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "truss-energy-carpenter-wy",
    "name": "Truss Energy Carpenter Data Center",
    "operator": "Truss Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.0461861,
      "lon": -104.3627365,
      "city": "Carpenter",
      "county": "Laramie",
      "state": "WY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-05",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-18",
        "note": "Laramie County planning staff confirmed a 540-acre data center concept about one mile west of Carpenter; the company was doing due diligence and no application had been submitted.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/05/18/two-more-data-centers-possible-as-laramie-county-planners-ok-massive-man-camp/",
        "label": "Two More Data Centers Possible As Laramie County Planners OK Massive Man Camp",
        "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Very early stage: as of 2026-05-18 no application had been submitted to Laramie County and Truss Energy did not respond to press inquiries. About one mile west of Carpenter, an unincorporated community roughly 35 miles east of Cheyenne; coordinates are an approximate geocode of Carpenter. No megawatt, investment or job figures have been published. Single-source, and it may not proceed.",
    "landAcres": 540,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tulsa-technology-exchange-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "Tulsa Technology Exchange",
    "operator": "Facility Gateway Corporation",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1512,
      "lon": -95.9903,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "509 S Boston Ave",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational downtown Tulsa data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — Tulsa Technology Exchange, 509 S Boston Ave",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Downtown Tulsa carrier/colocation exchange at 509 South Boston Avenue. Single-sourced. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tulsaconnect-dc1-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "TulsaConnect Tulsa Data Center (DC-1)",
    "operator": "TulsaConnect",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1535,
      "lon": -95.9905,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "321 S Boston Ave",
      "postalCode": "74103",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational TulsaConnect colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Location Map — TulsaConnect Tulsa Data Center (DC1), 321 S. Boston Ave.",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/tulsa",
        "label": "Tulsa Data Centers & Colocation — TulsaConnect DC1",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "TulsaConnect's DC-1 facility at 321 South Boston Avenue. Distinct from the already-tracked DC-3 (4500 S 129th E Ave) and DC-5 (downtown) records. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tulsaconnect-dc2-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "TulsaConnect Tulsa Data Center (DC-2)",
    "operator": "TulsaConnect",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.1523,
      "lon": -95.9932,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "110 W 7th St",
      "postalCode": "74119",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational TulsaConnect colocation facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cloudandcolocation.com/state/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Location Map — TulsaConnect Tulsa Data Center (DC2), 110 W. 7th St.",
        "publisher": "Cloud and Colocation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/tulsa",
        "label": "Tulsa Data Centers & Colocation — TulsaConnect DC2",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "TulsaConnect's DC-2 facility at 110 West 7th Street. Distinct from the tracked DC-3 and DC-5 records. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "tulsaconnect-downtown-dc5-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "TulsaConnect Downtown (DC-5)",
    "operator": "TulsaConnect",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.154,
      "lon": -95.9928,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operating downtown Tulsa facility by the operator.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tulsaconnect.com/data-centers-overview.php",
        "label": "TulsaConnect data centers overview (DC-5 Downtown Tulsa)",
        "publisher": "TulsaConnect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (TulsaConnect Downtown DC-5)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "No street address published on the operator's overview page, so location is a Tulsa centroid approximation only. Distinct from DC-3 in east Tulsa.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Operator describes the site as on the underground power grid in downtown Tulsa with fully redundant A+B power infrastructure and multiple on-site fiber carriers."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "tulsaconnect-east-dc3-tulsa-ok",
    "name": "TulsaConnect East (DC-3)",
    "operator": "TulsaConnect",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.154,
      "lon": -95.9928,
      "city": "Tulsa",
      "county": "Tulsa",
      "street": "4500 S 129th E Ave",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Operator describes DC-3 as its largest facility, with two fully independent data center pods.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tulsaconnect.com/data-centers-overview.php",
        "label": "TulsaConnect data centers overview (DC-3 East Tulsa, DC-5 Downtown)",
        "publisher": "TulsaConnect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? (TulsaConnect East DC-3, 4500 S 129th E Ave, underground facility)",
        "publisher": "News On 6",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "Reported as an underground facility. Coordinates are a Tulsa centroid approximation; the street address is exact.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "notes": "Operator describes redundant A+B power feeds from two diverse AEP substations plus multiple on-site emergency diesel generators."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "turin-hoefler-ilion-ny",
    "name": "Turin Hoefler Avenue AI Data Center (former Remington Arms plant, Site C)",
    "operator": "Turin Hoefler Avenue LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0119,
      "lon": -75.0357,
      "city": "Ilion",
      "county": "Herkimer",
      "street": "14 Hoefler Avenue",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wktv.com/news/focus-economy/250-000-square-foot-ai-data-center-planned-for-ilions-remington-site-c/article_ebf3d79e-aeb4-4033-8b0c-558a3749c42e.html",
        "label": "250,000-Square-Foot AI Data Center Planned for Ilion's Remington Site C",
        "publisher": "WKTV",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/",
        "label": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Redevelopment of the former Remington Arms firearms plant, which ceased production in 2024. WKTV: \"Turin Hoefler Avenue LLC submitted a revised application\" to the NYSDEC \"Brownfield Cleanup Program\" in January 2026 for \"Site C,\" a \"7.837-acre parcel,\" with a \"250,000-square-foot AI data center\" as the intended post-remediation use, at \"14 Hoefler Ave., Ilion, NY\"; the site has \"widespread contamination in the soil, especially with heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and copper at levels above state cleanup standards for commercial use\" and \"15 vacant industrial buildings dating to the early 1900s,\" and the developer describes it as a \"fossil-fuel-free, 100% electric site.\" capacityMw.planned = 200 comes from the Rockefeller Institute of Government's tracker entry for the project (\"200 MW\"), not from WKTV, which states no MW figure. COUNTY DISCREPANCY, recorded honestly: WKTV's article says Oneida County; the Rockefeller Institute says \"Village of Ilion, Herkimer County.\" Ilion is in Herkimer County, so Herkimer is recorded and the WKTV attribution is treated as an error. landAcres = 7.837 is the Brownfield Site C parcel only; trade press describes a larger ~32-acre overall plant site and two 250,000 sq ft buildings, neither of which was verified against a fetched source, so neither is recorded. jobs.permanent is deliberately omitted: the source says only that the project \"aims to exceed the 274 positions lost when Remington closed,\" which is an aspiration, not a count. Confirmed absences (2026-09-09): no investment figure, no water/cooling detail, no utility, and no IDA or PILOT agreement stated in either fetched source. Because the site is fossil-fuel-free and 100% electric per the developer, no on-site generation is recorded.",
    "landAcres": 7.837,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "tva-clinch-river-bwrx-300-roane-tn",
    "name": "TVA Clinch River Nuclear Site (BWRX-300 SMR)",
    "operator": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.89,
      "lon": -84.3825,
      "city": "Oak Ridge",
      "county": "Roane",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 300
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-10",
        "note": "NRC accepted TVA's construction permit application for review (submitted May 2025) and docketed it; review targeted at roughly 17 months.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nrc-dockets-construction-permit-application-tva-small-modular-reactor",
        "label": "NRC Dockets Construction Permit Application for TVA Small Modular Reactor",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinch_River_Nuclear_Site",
        "label": "Clinch River Nuclear Site — coordinates, county, ownership and project history",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Status is held at proposed: as of this session the NRC construction permit had not been issued (NRC staff recommended issuance and the agency aimed to decide by September 30, 2026). No compute offtaker is asserted — this is a utility grid project, not a site-dedicated plant, and no source retrieved names a specific data-center buyer.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "nuclear",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority"
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear_smr",
      "unitCount": 1,
      "notes": "GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300. TVA is the first U.S. utility to apply to build this design; the Clinch River site uses the Clinch River for cooling. TVA has said preliminary site preparation could begin in 2026 while NRC review proceeds."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "type-one-energy-project-infinity-bull-run-tn",
    "name": "Type One Energy Project Infinity (Infinity One · Infinity Two) at TVA Bull Run",
    "operator": "Type One Energy",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.02111,
      "lon": -84.15611,
      "city": "Clinton",
      "county": "Anderson",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "note": "Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation issued the first U.S. state license under a fusion-specific regulatory framework, covering construction of the fusion power plant at TVA's Bull Run Energy Complex.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.tn.gov/environment/news/2026/8/31/first-license-commercial-fusion.html",
        "label": "Governor Bill Lee, TDEC Announce First License for Commercial Fusion",
        "publisher": "Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_Run_Fossil_Plant",
        "label": "Bull Run Fossil Plant — coordinates, county, retirement date and Type One Energy reuse",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the Bull Run Fossil Plant site (Anderson County, near Clinton), taken from a published source rather than estimated. 400 MWe is the stated Infinity Two design output, not a built or permitted-to-operate figure.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority",
      "notes": "Stellarator fusion. Sited at TVA's Bull Run Energy Complex, the coal plant retired in December 2023. Developed with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TVA and the University of Tennessee."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "fusion",
      "notes": "Project Infinity comprises Infinity One, a prototype and workforce training facility, and Infinity Two, a 400 MWe fusion power plant. Groundbreaking on the first phase was planned for 2026; Infinity One commissioning/startup is scheduled for 2029 and full startup by 2034."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "uh-mhpcc-kihei-hi",
    "name": "Maui High Performance Computing Center",
    "operator": "University of Hawaiʻi (for Air Force Research Laboratory)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 20.74929227073,
      "lon": -156.439610266824,
      "city": "Kihei",
      "street": "550 Lipoa Pkwy",
      "state": "HI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://afresearchlab.com/news/afrls-maui-site-lowers-barriers-to-high-performance-computing/",
        "label": "AFRL's Maui site lowers barriers to high performance computing",
        "publisher": "Air Force Research Laboratory",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://manoa.hawaii.edu/news/article.php?aId=1522",
        "label": "System: Maui High Performance Computing Center donates supercomputer to UH Hilo",
        "publisher": "University of Hawaii News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mauinow.com/2026/01/22/11-9m-dow-air-force-contract-awarded-to-uh-to-support-the-maui-high-performance-computing-center/",
        "label": "$11.9M DOW Air Force contract awarded to UH to support the Maui High Performance Computing Center",
        "publisher": "Maui Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "A real, currently-operating federal HPC installation on Maui: one of five DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers, run as an Air Force Research Laboratory Center managed by the University of Hawaiʻi since 1993. A new $11,980,000 Department of War contract awarded to UH in January 2026 (work through May 2031, for satellite-resiliency research/modeling) confirms it is still active as of this wave, not a legacy listing. None of the three fetched sources publish a street address. Business directories (Yelp, Yellow Pages) independently and consistently name 550 Lipoa Pkwy, Kihei as the address, and the US Census geocoder resolves that exact string to a valid address at this zip (96753); however, both directory pages themselves returned HTTP 403 when fetched directly this session, so the address is corroborated but not confirmed via a source this record can cite in sources[]. Precision is approximate accordingly. No AI-specific capability was named in what was fetched (the recent contract is satellite-resiliency modeling), so aiClassification is omitted rather than guessed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "umich-lanl-research-computing-ypsilanti-township-mi",
    "name": "U-M / Los Alamos Research Computing Center",
    "operator": "University of Michigan (with Los Alamos National Laboratory)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.202962873437,
      "lon": -83.557610942093,
      "city": "Ypsilanti",
      "county": "Washtenaw",
      "street": "Textile Road near Bridge Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2024-12",
        "note": "Project announced by U-M and Los Alamos National Laboratory; $100 million state grant approved.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "U-M affirmed the Textile Road site on 2026-08-11 after selecting it as the preferred location; land had been purchased in 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://bridgemi.com/business-watch/u-m-affirms-ypsilanti-1-2b-computing-center-site-township-officials-vow-fight/",
        "label": "U-M affirms Ypsilanti $1.2B computing center site; township officials vow fight",
        "publisher": "Bridge Michigan",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lanl.gov/media/news/1206-university-of-michigan-collaboration",
        "label": "UM, LANL launch Michigan AI research center",
        "publisher": "Los Alamos National Laboratory",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "144-acre site on Textile Road near Bridge Road in Ypsilanti Charter Township, far eastern Washtenaw County, near the Huron River. LANL's own announcement (source 1) states the site will house TWO computing centers — one for Los Alamos national-security AI research and development and an adjacent academic computing center for U-M faculty, students and partner universities. They are recorded here as a single campus record because both sources describe one adjacent pair on one site; if township approvals end up treating them as separately-permitted buildings, this should be split. CONFIRMED ABSENCES: neither source states a megawatt capacity ('capacity figures: none disclosed' per LANL), a water or cooling design, or job counts — those fields are omitted rather than estimated. LANL states the funding mix was not finalised at announcement; the $1.2B total and the $100M state grant are Bridge Michigan's figures. aiClassification 'confirmed' — both sources describe the facility's explicit purpose as AI research. Coordinates are the US Census geocoder's match for the Textile Rd / Bridge Rd intersection named in the sources; the 144-acre parcel boundary is not confirmed.",
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "State of Michigan grant for the research computing center (program name not stated in source)",
        "amountUsd": 100000000,
        "jurisdiction": "Michigan",
        "year": "2024",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "landAcres": 144,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Ypsilanti Township has passed resolutions against the project and encouraged a year-long pause on data center approvals. Township Supervisor Brenda Stumbo called the siting 'offensive, disgusting and gross to our community' and township attorney Doug Winters said 'We're going to fight.' No court action is reported in the source, so community.status is 'opposed' rather than 'litigation'. A community town hall was scheduled for 2026-09-09.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "unisys-salt-lake-city-ut",
    "name": "Unisys Salt Lake City",
    "operator": "Unisys",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.75962,
      "lon": -111.8868,
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "county": "Salt Lake",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://cra.slc.gov/project-areas/",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City — the eight active project areas; none names Unisys",
        "publisher": "Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. The Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City's FY2016 annual report and Salt Lake City Council District 2's public summary of its CRA project areas name no beneficiary matching Unisys, and no general web search surfaced an incentive award. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing. The facility's exact site is not independently confirmed (candidate address: 480 N 2200 W, Salt Lake City — corroborated by two business directories but not tied to the data centre specifically by any source).",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "university-of-alabama-hpc-tuscaloosa-al",
    "name": "University of Alabama High Performance Computing and Data Center",
    "operator": "University of Alabama",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2120822,
      "lon": -87.5396735,
      "city": "Tuscaloosa",
      "county": "Tuscaloosa",
      "street": "709 Johnny Stallings Drive",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-11",
        "note": "UA Board of Trustees gave Stage IV approval on 12 November 2024; \"Construction can begin\" with completion projected for \"late 2026\".",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://news.ua.edu/2024/11/stage-iv-approval-for-high-performance-computing-center/",
        "label": "High Performance Computing and Data Center Construction Ready to Begin",
        "publisher": "University of Alabama News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=University+of+Alabama%2C+Tuscaloosa%2C+Alabama&format=json&limit=1",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of the University of Alabama campus, Tuscaloosa",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://buildingbama.ua.edu/projects/high-performance-computing-and-data-center/",
        "label": "High Performance Computing and Data Center - Building Bama project page",
        "publisher": "The University of Alabama",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "University research computing facility on the eastern edge of the Tuscaloosa campus, not a commercial colocation or hyperscale site — include or exclude according to whether Compute Atlas tracks institutional HPC. UA states verbatim: \"The facility's 40,000 square feet will allow for a substantial increase in UA's computing power\" and \"an estimated $25 million of computing power\"; it will host a \"petascale computing system, meaning it will be capable of performing quadrillions of calculations per second\" and be the \"only system in Alabama to meet the benchmarks for the Top500 list\". FUNDING, NOT RECORDED AS investmentUsd: the fetched source names a U.S. Department of Commerce NIST disbursement plus an Alabama Education Trust Fund appropriation approved by the legislature and Gov. Ivey in 2023, but states NO dollar totals for either; a search summary cited $96M total / $44.5M NIST / $46M ETF, and no page stating those was fetched, so they are omitted. The $25M is computing equipment, not construction investment, so investmentUsd is deliberately empty. NO CAPACITY RECORDED: no MW figure appears in the fetched source (an aggregator lists 14.6 MW — not verified, not cited). STATUS: recorded as under_construction because completion was projected for \"late 2026\" and that window is now open; a maintainer should check whether it has opened, in which case this becomes operational. Coordinates are the campus centroid, not the building on the eastern edge of campus.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Alabama Power",
      "notes": "The site was chosen for proximity to Alabama Power high-voltage transmission lines, which also serve a nearby hospital and are prioritised for restoration in a major outage; the project includes a 22,500 gsf electrical substation yard."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "The project scope includes a dedicated chiller plant adjacent to the new building; the university's project page does not state the heat-rejection method, so no cooling type is claimed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 96000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "upstream-wind-energy-center-antelope-ne",
    "name": "Upstream Wind Energy Center",
    "operator": "Invenergy",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.1395,
      "lon": -97.9495,
      "city": "Neligh",
      "county": "Antelope",
      "state": "NE",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 202.5
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2019-01",
        "note": "Commercial operation per the Nebraska state wind generation table.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Upstream_Wind_Energy",
        "label": "Upstream Wind Energy — Global Energy Monitor",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dwee.nebraska.gov/state-energy-information/energy-statistics/fuels/wind/wind-energy-generation-nebraska",
        "label": "Wind Energy Generation in Nebraska (state project table)",
        "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "The two sources disagree on commercial operation year (2018 vs January 2019); the state table's January 2019 date is used and the discrepancy is recorded rather than silently resolved. No offtaker is published, matching the treatment of the already-tracked Thunderhead Wind Energy Center.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "wind",
      "notes": "The Nebraska Department of Water, Energy and Environment's wind generation table lists the project at 202.5 MW in Antelope County, developed by Invenergy, online January 2019, with no purchaser identified. Global Energy Monitor records ownership as WEC Energy Group (80%) and Invenergy (20%), with Invenergy as operator, and a 2018 commercial operation date."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "wind",
      "notes": "Sited on the north and east side of Neligh in Antelope County. Ownership differs from the already-tracked Thunderhead Wind Energy Center, which is also partly in Antelope County — the two are separate projects."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-ia01-waukee-ia",
    "name": "US Signal IA01 Des Moines Data Center (Waukee)",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.6118485,
      "lon": -93.8845129,
      "city": "Waukee",
      "county": "Dallas",
      "street": "390 N Alices Road",
      "postalCode": "50263",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2009",
        "note": "Facility opened in 2009 as a OneNeck IT Solutions data center.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/ia01-des-moines/",
        "label": "IA01 Des Moines Data Center — facility specifications",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/press-releases/us-signal-to-acquire-oneneck-expanding-nationwide-data-center-footprint-it-infrastructure-network/",
        "label": "US Signal to Acquire OneNeck, Expanding Nationwide Data Center Footprint",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "Tier 3 colocation facility opened in 2009. Operator lists 5,000 kVA of utility feeds, 2,000 kW of UPS at 2N redundancy, 3,000 kW of generation at N+1 and 550 tons of HVAC at N+1; no single facility MW rating is published, so capacityMw is left unset. Built and operated by OneNeck IT Solutions (then a Telephone and Data Systems company); US Signal acquired OneNeck's data centers in 2024, so the current operator is US Signal, not OneNeck. The street address is documented but the coordinate is a city-level approximation.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-mi01-kentwood-mi",
    "name": "US Signal MI01 Grand Rapids Data Center",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.87690347654,
      "lon": -85.563698606365,
      "city": "Kentwood",
      "county": "Kent",
      "street": "4765 Barden Court SE",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/mi01-grand-rapids/",
        "label": "MI01 Grand Rapids Data Center",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers",
        "label": "US Signal Data Centers",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation. Operator's facility page (retrieved 2026-09-09) states: generators 3,000 kW at 2N, UPS 2,200 kW at 2N, utility feeds 3,000 kVA, HVAC 550 tons N+1, Tier 3, built 2014 with a 2016 expansion, 99.999% uptime SLA. capacityMw deliberately omitted: the page publishes electrical-plant ratings (generator/UPS/utility) rather than a stated IT-load capacity in MW, and the square-footage fields on the page render as 0. Cooling medium not stated (tonnage only), so water.coolingType omitted. No investment, jobs, or incentive figures are stated on the operator's page. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder for the street address on the operator's page; parcel footprint not confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-mi02-byron-center-mi",
    "name": "US Signal MI02 Grand Rapids Data Center",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.826202163837,
      "lon": -85.67268596115,
      "city": "Byron Center",
      "county": "Kent",
      "street": "400 76th Street SW",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/mi02-grand-rapids/",
        "label": "MI02 Grand Rapids Data Center",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation, a second Grand Rapids-area site paired with MI01 for regional redundancy. Operator's facility page (retrieved 2026-09-09) states: generator 450 kW at 2N, UPS 250 kW at 2N, utility 1,500 kVA, HVAC 242 tons N+1, Tier 2. Year built not stated. capacityMw omitted (electrical-plant ratings only, no stated IT-load MW). Cooling medium not stated. Coordinates from the US Census geocoder, which matched the exact house number; parcel not confirmed. NOTE: 123NET's own facility list gives the identical address (400 76th St SW, Byron Center) for its DC4 Grand Rapids data center, so this building appears to host two independent operators' colocation suites; both are proposed as separate records and a maintainer should confirm that reading before publishing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-mi03-van-buren-township-mi",
    "name": "US Signal MI03 Detroit Data Center",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.2356076,
      "lon": -83.4450278,
      "city": "Belleville",
      "county": "Wayne",
      "street": "9275 Haggerty Road",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/mi03-detroit/",
        "label": "MI03 Detroit Data Center",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation marketed as 'Detroit' but physically at 9275 Haggerty Road in Van Buren Charter Township (Belleville mailing address), Wayne County. Operator's facility page (retrieved 2026-09-09) states: generators 2,000 kW at 2N, UPS 1,500 kW at 2N, utility 2,500 kVA, HVAC 422 tons N+1, Tier 3, built 2020, 99.999% uptime SLA. capacityMw omitted (electrical-plant ratings only). Cooling medium not stated. Coordinates from Nominatim, which resolved the exact house number; parcel footprint not confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-mi04-southfield-mi",
    "name": "US Signal MI04 Detroit Data Center",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4477475,
      "lon": -83.2562243,
      "city": "Southfield",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "21648 Melrose Avenue",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/mi04-detroit/",
        "label": "MI04 Detroit Data Center",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Multi-tenant colocation in Southfield, distinct from US Signal MI05 (Auburn Hills). Operator's facility page (retrieved 2026-09-09) states: generator 800 kW at 2N, UPS 250 kW at 2N, utility 1,500 kVA, HVAC 160 tons N+1, Tier 2, 99.995% uptime SLA, building constructed 1972 and renovated 2017 and 2024, seven on-net carriers. capacityMw omitted (electrical-plant ratings only). Cooling medium not stated. Coordinates geocoded from the street address on the operator's page; parcel not confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-mi05-auburn-hills-mi",
    "name": "US Signal MI05 Detroit Data Center",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6529314,
      "lon": -83.2148612,
      "city": "Auburn Hills",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "street": "1035 W Entrance Drive",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/mi05-detroit/",
        "label": "MI05 Detroit Data Center",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Largest of US Signal's five Michigan sites. Operator's facility page (retrieved 2026-09-09) states: generators 6,000 kW N+1, UPS 4,000 kW at 2N, utility feeds 4,000 kVA, HVAC 480 tons N+1, Tier 3, 99.999% uptime SLA, VESDA plus clean-agent suppression. Year built not stated. The page describes it as a 'large-scale, AI-ready facility with room to scale power' serving the Auburn Hills automotive-technology cluster; that is a forward-looking marketing claim, so aiClassification is left unset rather than guessed. capacityMw omitted (electrical-plant ratings only, no stated IT-load MW). Cooling medium not stated. Coordinates geocoded from the street address on the operator's page; parcel not confirmed.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-mn01-eden-prairie-mn",
    "name": "US Signal MN01 Minneapolis (Eden Prairie)",
    "operator": "US Signal (site registered by OneNeck IT Solutions LLC)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.877094,
      "lon": -93.407686,
      "city": "Eden Prairie",
      "county": "Hennepin",
      "street": "10290 West 70th Street",
      "postalCode": "55344",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Operating facility on US Signal's own data center list; \"Year Built: 2010, expanded in 2011 and 2014\".",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/mn01-minneapolis/",
        "label": "US Signal — MN01 Minneapolis facility page (10290 West 70th Street, Eden Prairie; generator/UPS/utility ratings; 930 tons HVAC N+1; Tier 3 Design Certification)",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers",
        "label": "US Signal — data center locations list (MN01 Minneapolis)",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.peeringdb.com/api/fac?state=MN&country=US",
        "label": "PeeringDB facility registry — US Signal MN01 - Minneapolis, org OneNeck IT Solutions LLC, 10290 W 70th St, Eden Prairie MN 55344",
        "publisher": "PeeringDB",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?street=10290+West+70th+Street&city=Eden+Prairie&state=MN&country=US&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — 10290 West 70th Street, Eden Prairie, Hennepin County, MN 55344",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "oneneck.com/datacenter-colocation now 301-redirects to ussignal.com/data-centers, and PeeringDB still registers the site to OneNeck IT Solutions LLC — operator recorded as the current brand with the registered entity noted, per the 'primary is not current' rule.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "US Signal publishes generators at \"8,250 kW, N+1 redundancy\", UPS at \"5,400 kW, N+1 redundancy\" and utility feeds of \"7,500 kVA\". These are plant ratings, not critical IT load, so capacityMw is left unset."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-or01-bend-or",
    "name": "US Signal OR01 Bend",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.086105,
      "lon": -121.2830411,
      "city": "Bend",
      "county": "Deschutes",
      "street": "20845 Sockeye Place",
      "postalCode": "97701",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/or01-bend/",
        "label": "US Signal OR01 Bend Data Center (20845 Sockeye Place, Bend, OR 97701)",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "LEED-certified Tier 3 colocation facility with a 2,000 kW N+1 generator, 2500 kVA utility feeds, 256-ton N+1 HVAC and 2N UPS. US Signal publishes no square footage or critical IT-load figure on this page, so none is recorded. The only tracked Central Oregon facilities are the Prineville hyperscale campuses; Bend has no record.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-wi01-madison-wi",
    "name": "US Signal WI01 Madison",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0732716,
      "lon": -89.3870807,
      "city": "Madison",
      "county": "Dane",
      "street": "222 W Washington Ave. Ste. 1",
      "postalCode": "53703",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 0.15
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/wi01-madison/",
        "label": "US Signal WI01 Madison — facility specifications",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "Small downtown Madison colocation facility in a 1972 building renovated in 2008; Tier 3 resiliency with a 280 kW generator, 150 kW UPS, 300 kVA utility feed and 40 tons of N+1 HVAC; five on-net carriers. capacityMw.operational reflects installed UPS capacity — this is a small edge/POP-scale site, not a hyperscale campus. Coordinates are an address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-signal-wi02-fitchburg-wi",
    "name": "US Signal WI02 Madison (Fitchburg)",
    "operator": "US Signal",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.9947535,
      "lon": -89.42339,
      "city": "Fitchburg",
      "county": "Dane",
      "street": "5515 Nobel Drive",
      "postalCode": "53711",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers/wi02-madison/",
        "label": "US Signal WI02 Madison — facility specifications",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://ussignal.com/data-centers",
        "label": "US Signal data center locations (two Madison, WI facilities)",
        "publisher": "US Signal",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "Originally constructed in 2008 with expansions in 2011, 2015 and 2017; Tier 3 with 4,500 kW of 2N generators, 6,000 kW of UPS, 9,000 kVA of utility feeds and 1,510 tons of N+1 HVAC; nine on-net carriers. This is the former OneNeck Madison data center — oneneck.com/colocation/data-centers/madison now 301-redirects to ussignal.com, so the operator is recorded as US Signal rather than OneNeck. capacityMw.operational is taken from installed UPS capacity. Coordinates are an address geocode.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "valar-atomics-ward-250-orangeville-ut",
    "name": "Valar Atomics Ward 250 Test Reactor (Utah San Rafael Energy Lab)",
    "operator": "Valar Atomics",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2269,
      "lon": -111.0561,
      "city": "Orangeville",
      "county": "Emery",
      "street": "800 N Coal Haul Rd",
      "postalCode": "84537",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 5
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://energylab.utah.gov/nuclear-energy/valar-atomics/",
        "label": "Valar Atomics | Utah San Rafael Energy Lab",
        "publisher": "Utah Office of Energy Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-06-22/article-8136/valars-ward-250-reaches-criticality-in-utah/",
        "label": "Valar's Ward 250 reaches criticality in Utah",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society / Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13now.com/news/politics/a-waterless-ai-data-center-a-big-experiment-is-under-way-in-rural-utah",
        "label": "A waterless AI data center? A big experiment is under way in rural Utah",
        "publisher": "FOX 13 News Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "offtaker": "NVIDIA",
      "notes": "Ward 250 is a 100-kWt TRISO-fueled, helium-cooled high-temperature gas reactor (HTGR) test unit at the Utah San Rafael Energy Lab. It achieved full-power fueled criticality on 2026-06-18 — the first DOE-authorized advanced reactor built and operated independently outside the national-laboratory system — and was used to power an NVIDIA DGX Spark AI chip in a public demonstration. The design is intended to scale to a 5 MW unit. NVIDIA has announced plans for a future AI factory in Emery County tied to this site; no timeline given."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "valara-holdings-hpcc-generation-spartanburg-sc",
    "name": "Valara Holdings High Performance Compute Center — On-Site Gas Generation",
    "operator": "Valara Holdings, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.923,
      "lon": -81.8519,
      "city": "Spartanburg",
      "county": "Spartanburg",
      "street": "4000 S Pine Street",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 457
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://des.sc.gov/sites/des/files/Documents/BAQ/Valara/Application.pdf",
        "label": "Air Construction Permit (Modification) v1.13 — Valara Holdings High Performance Compute Center (Submission HQJ-32R0-VR9VC)",
        "publisher": "SC Department of Environmental Services, Bureau of Air Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.des.sc.gov/sites/des/files/Documents/BAQ/DepartmentDecisions/Valara/StatementofBasis.pdf",
        "label": "Statement of Basis — Air Permit CP-50000316 v1.0",
        "publisher": "SC Department of Environmental Services",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dms.psc.sc.gov/Web/Dockets/Detail/119739",
        "label": "Docket 2026-158-E detail page",
        "publisher": "SC Public Service Commission DMS",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "PSC Docket 2026-158-E (opened 2026-06-19): Concerned Citizens of Spartanburg County and the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy petitioned for a declaratory order that the expansion requires Utility Facility Siting Act certification; Valara disputes PSC jurisdiction over private, non-grid generation. No ruling issued as of retrieval (2026-09-10); oral argument was rescheduled multiple times, most recently to 2026-08-05. SCDES public comment period on the expansion permit ran through 2026-07-31 with no permit decision yet issued.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Valara Holdings High Performance Compute Center (co-located data center, same site)",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "northmark-valara-spartanburg-sc"
      ],
      "unitCount": 35,
      "notes": "First-phase Air Permit CP-50000316 v1.0 (issued 2025-09-17) authorizes 24 natural-gas-fired 2,000 kW Cummins generators (~48 MW). A March 2026 modification application (Submission HQJ-32R0-VR9VC, filed 2026-03-04) adds 5 natural-gas-fired 17 MW Baker Hughes combustion turbines and 6 natural-gas-fired 54 MW GE combustion turbines (~409 MW), bringing total on-site generation to ~457 MW to power the co-located data center. Per Valara's PSC filing, the plant is entirely off-grid: 'not a single watt of Valara's privately generated power will enter the public grid.'"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "valley-oak-shinn-street-fremont-ca",
    "name": "Valley Oak Partners Shinn Street Data Center",
    "operator": "Valley Oak Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.567072,
      "lon": -121.983674,
      "city": "Fremont",
      "county": "Alameda",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 90
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/valley-oak-proposes-90mw-data-center-in-fremont-california/",
        "label": "Valley Oak proposes 90MW data center in Fremont, California",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/news/old-fremont-materials-factory-planned-for-massive-data-center",
        "label": "Old Fremont materials factory planned for massive data center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/california/fremont/37887-shinn-street/",
        "label": "37887 Shinn Street, Fremont",
        "publisher": "Data Center Map",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "490,000 sq ft on 12.5 acres, former US Gypsum plant site. Application submitted June 2026. Standalone campus, not colo.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)"
    },
    "landAcres": 12.5,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "valorc3-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "ValorC3 Oklahoma City Data Center",
    "operator": "ValorC3 Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4676,
      "lon": -97.5164,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 1.25
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational Tier III+ colocation facility of roughly 65,000 sq ft, built for severe-weather resistance.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "Where are data centers being built across Oklahoma? — ValorC3 Oklahoma City",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dcmap.us/states/oklahoma/",
        "label": "Oklahoma Data Center Map — ValorC3 Oklahoma City Data Center",
        "publisher": "dcmap.us",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Operational multi-tenant colocation facility, ~65,000 sq ft. Street address was not confirmed on a page retrieved this session, so it is omitted; coordinates are approximate to Oklahoma City.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "valorc3-st-george-ut",
    "name": "ValorC3 Saint George Data Center",
    "operator": "ValorC3",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.10988,
      "lon": -113.58321,
      "city": "St. George",
      "county": "Washington",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 4
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1286199.pdf",
        "label": "St. George Redevelopment Agency FY2025-26 budget agenda packet — itemizes all six currently active project areas by fund number and name",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/business/new-data-center-project-in-utah",
        "label": "New data center project in Utah — the facility was built by Kay Traveller of Tonaquint Development on land within the privately developed Tonaquint Business Park",
        "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy found. St. George's FY2025-26 Redevelopment Agency budget itemizes every currently active project area by name (Central Business District CDA, Dixie Center EDA, Ft. Pierce CDA #1, Ft. Pierce CDA #2, Millcreek CDA, and Tech Ridge CDA — formerly the St. George Airport Community Development Project Area), none covering the Tonaquint corridor at 1108 West 1600 South; the facility instead sits within Tonaquint Business Park, a privately developed park built by the site's own developer to attract tech companies, not a public redevelopment district. No city or state filing names Valor C3. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 sales-tax exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-ashburn-ii-va2-va",
    "name": "Vantage Ashburn II (VA2)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.997949,
      "lon": -77.4302306,
      "city": "Sterling",
      "county": "Loudoun",
      "street": "22435 Glenn Drive",
      "postalCode": "20164",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 96
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/ashburn-ii-virginia/",
        "label": "Vantage facility directory",
        "publisher": "Vantage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1344901575",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1344901575",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Ashburn II campus: 3 buildings, 800,000 sq ft, 96MW, per Vantage's own facility page.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Dominion Energy Virginia"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-co21-aurora-co",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers CO21 Campus (Building 3)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.7837993,
      "lon": -104.7259922,
      "city": "Aurora",
      "county": "Adams",
      "state": "CO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/vantage-colorado-co21",
        "label": "Vantage: Colorado CO21 Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/vantage-data-centers/48th-avenue-and-e-470/co21-building-3",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers CO21 (Building 3) | 48th Avenue and E-470, Denver",
        "publisher": "DataCenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Vantage owns a 143-acre site near 48th Avenue & E-470 in Aurora (Adams County) for a planned five-building CO21 campus. Per two independent data-center industry trade directories (Baxtel, DataCenterHawk) as of 2026-09-13, this building 'has not yet been commissioned or leased,' target completion year 2028, no power currently under construction. NOT listed on Vantage's own public data-center-locations page as checked directly on 2026-09-13 (vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/) — treat as an early-stage land hold rather than a confirmed active build. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the '48th Avenue and E-470' road intersection (Nominatim), not a parcel address.",
    "landAcres": 143,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-douglasville-campus-ga",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers Douglasville Campus",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.7515,
      "lon": -84.7477,
      "city": "Douglasville",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2023-08",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2023-08",
        "note": "Vantage submitted plans for a three-building campus in Douglas County.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.bisnow.com/atlanta/news/data-center/two-more-players-planning-major-data-center-campuses-in-metro-atlanta-121440",
        "label": "2 Huge New Data Center Campuses Planned In Metro Atlanta (Vantage filed for a three-building Douglas County campus)",
        "publisher": "Bisnow",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://insidetowers.com/vantage-data-centers-plans-two-new-sites-in-georgia/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Plans Two New Sites in Georgia",
        "publisher": "Inside Towers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Reported as roughly 1.7 million sq ft across three buildings, filed August 2023. MW capacity omitted — no fetched source stated one.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-frontier-shackelford-county-tx",
    "name": "Vantage Frontier Campus",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.7272,
      "lon": -99.2987,
      "county": "Shackelford",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1400
    },
    "poweredBy": "on-site natural gas microgrid (Voltagrid)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Part of Stargate expansion; $25B mega-campus on 1,200 acres at Hwy 604 / Hwy 351 intersection; ~125 miles W of Fort Worth",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Ground broken; first building delivery targeted H2 2026; 10 buildings planned totaling 3.7M sq ft",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-unveils-plans-for-frontier-a-25b-mega-campus-in-texas-to-meet-unprecedented-ai-demand/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Unveils Plans for Frontier, a $25B Mega-campus in Texas — Vantage",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/vantage-breaks-ground-on-texas-gigawatt-data-center-campus-for-openai/",
        "label": "Vantage breaks ground on Texas gigawatt data center campus for OpenAI — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/oracle-and-openai-to-power-new-texas-data-center-off-the-grid",
        "label": "Oracle and OpenAI Texas data center to run on 700MW natural gas microgrid",
        "publisher": "Construction Owners",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/shackelford-county-tx",
        "label": "Vantage Shackelford County, TX campus",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.thealbanynews.net/news/data-center-plans-move-forward-shackelford-county",
        "label": "Data center plans move forward in Shackelford County",
        "publisher": "The Albany News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-05",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 700,
      "notes": "Off-grid, behind-the-meter natural gas microgrid (~210 industrial gas generators, 700 MW) built and managed by VoltaGrid, bypassing multi-year ERCOT interconnection queues. No grid utility connection."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Vantage describes a closed-loop chilled-water system with 'near zero' water utilization efficiency; no reported MGD figure disclosed."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Chapter 312 property tax abatement (Reinvestment Zone 2025-1; ~$10M/yr payments in lieu of taxes for 10 years)",
        "jurisdiction": "Shackelford County, Texas",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 1200,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 250,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Shackelford County Commissioners unanimously approved the 10-year abatement; Vantage committed up to 10 annual college scholarships and $150,000 to local charities over the first decade. No documented public opposition found. Peak construction workforce cited as up to ~6,500.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-nv1-storey-county-nv",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers NV1",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.5311,
      "lon": -119.5904,
      "city": "McCarran",
      "county": "Storey",
      "state": "NV",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 224
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-07",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Vantage announced $3B NV1 campus in Storey County; first two buildings fully pre-leased at announcement",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-08",
        "note": "Construction underway; first building scheduled to open Q2 2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-invests-3-billion-to-deliver-ai-campus-in-growing-nevada-market/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Invests $3 Billion to Deliver AI Campus in Nevada",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250715406750/en/Vantage-Data-Centers-Invests-$3-Billion-to-Deliver-AI-Campus-in-Growing-Nevada-Market",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers NV1 Campus Announcement — BusinessWire",
        "publisher": "BusinessWire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55305086/nv1-and-the-nevada-hyperscale-boom-vantage-data-centers-bets-3b-on-the-ai-future",
        "label": "NV1 and the Nevada Hyperscale Boom: Vantage Data Centers Bets $3B on the AI Future",
        "publisher": "Data Center Frontier",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Located in Tahoe Reno Industrial Center (TRIC), Storey County, NV — same industrial park as Google, Apple, Microsoft, and Switch (CITADEL tracked separately). Four multi-story buildings, 1M+ sq ft. Designed for AI densities 360W–720W per sq ft. Vantage's eighth North American market. Coordinates are approximate TRIC centroid. Primary press release states more than 1,200 individuals employed 'across the construction and ongoing operations' — combined construction + permanent total; construction vs. permanent breakdown not separately disclosed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "NV Energy",
      "notes": "NV Energy transmission via One Nevada (ON Line) 500kV corridor; geothermal and renewable sources available in region"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop chiller system minimizing water use; campus targets industry-leading low Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE); LEED certification planned"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 3000000000,
    "landAcres": 137,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Storey County Manager Austin Osborne is quoted welcoming Vantage to the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center, consistent with the county's general industrial-friendly posture toward data centers (see also tract-virginia-highlands-storey-county-nv). Vantage also cites an EDAWN workforce-development partnership. No opposition documented. Checked: operator press release only.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-oh1-new-albany-licking-county-oh",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers OH1",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.100989,
      "lon": -82.746359,
      "city": "Johnstown",
      "county": "Licking",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 192
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-10",
        "note": "Groundbreaking October 25, 2024. First of three buildings targeted operational late 2025/December 2025; additional phases through 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-192mw-campus-enters-growing-ohio-data-center-market-with-over-2-billion-investment-in-hyperscale-digital-infrastructure/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Breaks Ground on 192MW Campus, Enters Growing Ohio Data Center Market",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/vantage-breaks-ground-on-new-albany-data-center-in-ohio/",
        "label": "Vantage breaks ground on New Albany data center in Ohio",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://gis.lickingcounty.gov/server/rest/services/Auditor/Parcels/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PID%3D96538&outFields=PID,Parcel,OwnerName,SiteAddress&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326&f=json",
        "label": "Licking County parcel/GIS record (parcel 095-111756-00.009 (PID 96538))",
        "publisher": "Licking County GIS / Assessor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55091801/vantage-data-centers-augments-new-albany-ohio-data-center-boom",
        "label": "Data Center Frontier — Vantage Data Centers Augments New Albany, Ohio Data Center Boom",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "3325 Horizon Court, Johnstown — Licking County section of the New Albany International Business Park. Vantage's first Midwest campus and seventh North American market. 3 buildings, 1.5M+ sq ft total, 192MW total planned IT capacity (not yet fully operational). LEED Silver target, part of Vantage's 2030 net-zero operational carbon commitment. Vantage's own press release states OH1 \"will provide secure and reliable infrastructure for cloud technologies and artificial intelligence\" — real operator-stated AI-adjacent marketing (paired with \"cloud,\" not an exclusive/GPU-specific claim), so tagged aiClassification: likely rather than confirmed.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "American Electric Power (AEP Ohio)",
      "notes": "Grid-only. Data Center Frontier: power for the 70-acre, 192MW (3x64MW) OH1 campus comes from a dedicated local 300 MVA N+1 AEP substation (delivered ~Q4 2024), with 'renewable energy sources and their development credits available above the meter' — i.e., an optional REC/PPA-style overlay."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 70,
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "New Albany Mayor Sloan Spalding and JobsOhio's Dave Brewster are quoted welcoming the project at its 2024-10-25 groundbreaking, alongside a New Albany City Council member and local economic-development/community-foundation figures. No opposition or resident concerns documented. Checked: operator press release only.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-oh2-millersport-fairfield-oh",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers OH2 (Millersport Campus)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.902,
      "lon": -82.5324,
      "city": "Millersport",
      "county": "Fairfield",
      "state": "OH",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 696
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantagemillersportcampus.com/",
        "label": "Vantage Millersport Campus official site: 352 acres, 696 MW IT capacity, 7 structures (up to 4 data centers), Lancaster-Newark Rd & Blacklick Rd, adjacent natural-gas power, $2.1B+",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://poweredbywho.com/projects/vantage-millersport-data-center-campus-oh2-ad8f96ad",
        "label": "Powered By Who dossier: ~39.90N/-82.53W city-center pin (no exact address), 500 acres / 800 MW figures, 'under construction' as of 2026-06",
        "publisher": "Powered By Who",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Vantage's second Ohio campus (distinct from the tracked OH1 in Johnstown), at Lancaster-Newark Rd & Blacklick Rd near Millersport — up to 7 structures incl. 4 data-center buildings, $2.1B, powered by an adjacent natural-gas generation facility; under construction as of mid-2026. Capacity figures diverge: 696 MW on Vantage's own site (used here) vs ~800 MW / 500 acres on a project aggregator — the operator figure is used and the discrepancy flagged. Coordinates approximate (Millersport city-center, not parcel-verified). Public-reception check (2026-09-10): Checked the project's own campus microsite (2026-09-10); it covers only project description and planned economic benefits, with no documented public hearing, resident reaction, or official statement of support/opposition.",
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-phoenix-campus-goodyear-az-az",
    "name": "Vantage Phoenix Campus (Goodyear, AZ)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.4463027,
      "lon": -112.3738867,
      "city": "Goodyear",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "street": "45 South Bullard Avenue",
      "postalCode": "85338",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 176
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/phoenix-arizona/",
        "label": "Vantage facility directory",
        "publisher": "Vantage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1283734104",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1283734104",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-31",
    "notes": "45 S Bullard Ave, Goodyear AZ 85338; campus of buildings AZ11-AZ14, 176MW planned, per datacentermap/datacenters.com cross-check.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Arizona Public Service (APS)"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator states a closed-loop chilled water system fed by air-cooled chillers, with planned WUE 'near zero (liters/kW/hr)'. No operational water-use figure has been published."
    },
    "landAcres": 50,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-pittsboro-in",
    "name": "Vantage Pittsboro Campus",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.8656,
      "lon": -86.4675,
      "city": "Pittsboro",
      "county": "Hendricks",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "Rezoning request filed for a 618-acre site; Advisory Plan Commission voted 4-1 in favor.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-03-18",
        "note": "Pittsboro Town Council unanimously approved rezoning of the 626-acre site.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/data-center-developer-eyeing-618-acre-site-in-hendricks-county",
        "label": "Data center developer eyeing 618-acre site in Hendricks County",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/pittsboro-officials-ok-rezoning-of-626-acre-site-for-proposed-data-center-campus",
        "label": "Pittsboro officials OK rezoning of 626 acre-site for proposed data center campus",
        "publisher": "Inside INdiana Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Colocation campus in the northeast corner of Pittsboro, north of I-74 and west of County Road 500 East, on land annexed into the town in late 2024. Roughly 285 of the 626 rezoned acres are planned for development, in three buildings reported at 256 MW, 96 MW and 48 MW. Third-party project trackers list the campus as later withdrawn; no press confirmation of a withdrawal was located as of 2026-09-01, so the last sourced status (rezoning approved) is recorded here.",
    "landAcres": 626,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-quincy-wa11-wa",
    "name": "Vantage Quincy WA11",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2501646,
      "lon": -119.8144903,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "2101 M Street NE",
      "postalCode": "98848",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/quincy-washington/",
        "label": "Vantage facility directory",
        "publisher": "Vantage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/337127817",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/337127817",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-completes-development-of-89mw-1billion-quincy-washington-campus/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Completes Development of 89MW, $1 Billion Quincy, Washington Campus",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "2101 M Street NE, Quincy, Grant County WA; WA1 campus with WA11/WA12/WA13 buildings, 89MW total, per DCD + Vantage's own site.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "PUD No 2 of Grant County",
      "notes": "Vantage says Grant County PUD's two large-scale hydroelectric dams produce an average of 1,050 MW annually and that hydro is more than 66% of the utility's generation mix; it markets GCPUD as offering the lowest per-kW rates in the country."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Campus uses a closed-loop chilled-water system with air-side economizers and CRAH units, with N+1 redundancy; Vantage reports water utilization efficiency approaching zero litres/kW/hr."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-san-antonio-tx11-tx",
    "name": "Vantage San Antonio TX11",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.4161404,
      "lon": -98.7892449,
      "city": "San Antonio",
      "county": "Bexar",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/vantage-san-antonio-tx11",
        "label": "Baxtel facility profile — Vantage San Antonio TX11",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1344369112",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1344369112",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-22",
    "notes": "14720 Omicron Drive, San Antonio TX 78245, per baxtel/datacenterhawk cross-check.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-san-antonio-tx22-tx",
    "name": "Vantage San Antonio TX22",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 29.4790852,
      "lon": -98.6977011,
      "city": "San Antonio",
      "county": "Bexar",
      "street": "5207 Rogers Road",
      "postalCode": "78251",
      "state": "TX",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/vantage-tx22-san-antonio",
        "label": "Vantage facility directory",
        "publisher": "Vantage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1502710557",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1502710557",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "5207 Rogers Rd, San Antonio TX 78251; ~214,525 sq ft, construction started Oct 2025, completion ~June 2027, ~$272M investment.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-santa-clara-i-ca1-ca",
    "name": "Vantage Santa Clara I (CA1)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3725693,
      "lon": -121.9736589,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2820 Northwestern Parkway",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 77
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/santa-clara-i-california/",
        "label": "Santa Clara I, California Data Center Campus - Vantage Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Campus of six buildings (CA11-CA16) totaling 335,000 sq ft; marketed as the largest LEED Platinum-certified data center campus in North America. Figures here are campus-wide aggregates, matching how Vantage Santa Clara II (CA2) is already recorded in this dataset as a single campus entry rather than per-building.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power",
      "notes": "Operator states three 50MW dedicated on-site substations; SVP markets renewable energy credits for this account."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator describes a 'highly efficient chilled water loop system' with gray-water utilization for cooling and chilled-water doors at the rack, plus outside-air economization in some modules. A recirculating water circuit places this as closed_loop per the contract's tie-breaker even though economization is also used."
    },
    "landAcres": 21,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-santa-clara-ii-ca2-ca",
    "name": "Vantage Santa Clara II (CA2)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3640012,
      "lon": -121.94689,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "737 Mathew Street",
      "postalCode": "95051",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 75
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/santa-clara-ii-california/",
        "label": "Vantage facility directory",
        "publisher": "Vantage",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1314010354",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1314010354",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-16",
    "notes": "Confirmed on Vantage's official directory. Address 737 Mathew Street, Santa Clara, CA 95051 per datacenters.com/datacentermap cross-check.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-santa-clara-iii-ca3-ca",
    "name": "Vantage Santa Clara III (CA3)",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.3712362,
      "lon": -121.9740103,
      "city": "Santa Clara",
      "county": "Santa Clara",
      "street": "2590 Walsh Avenue",
      "postalCode": "95051",
      "state": "CA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 64
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center/santa-clara-iii-california/",
        "label": "Santa Clara III, California Data Center - Vantage Data Centers",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/vantage-data-centers/2590-walsh-avenue/ca3",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers CA3 | 2590 Walsh Avenue, Northern California",
        "publisher": "datacenterHawk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy.ca.gov/powerplant/backup-generating-system/ca3-backup-generating-facility",
        "label": "CA3 Backup Generating Facility (21-SPPE-01), project owner Vantage, 2590 Walsh Avenue",
        "publisher": "California Energy Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=jsonv2&q=2590%20Walsh%20Avenue%2C%20Santa%20Clara%2C%20CA",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of 2590 Walsh Avenue, Santa Clara, CA",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Vantage's third Santa Clara campus (with CA1 and CA2, both already in this dataset); the three campuses total 216MW of Silicon Valley IT capacity per the operator. One four-story building, 486,000 sq ft. Opened to customers in October 2024 and independently confirmed as commissioned/operational by a third-party facility tracker as of this session, though the operator's own marketing page still describes it in future tense.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Silicon Valley Power",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 96,
      "notes": "Operator states the facility runs on 100% renewable energy supplied by SVP."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Operator's own page describes a 'closed-loop chilled water system with air-cooled chillers and integrated economizer capability,' with water utilization efficiency described as near zero — consistent with the contract's closed_loop tie-breaker for a recirculating circuit."
    },
    "landAcres": 8,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-stafford-va4-va",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers VA4 Stafford Campus",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.44,
      "lon": -77.44,
      "county": "Stafford",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 192
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Announced November 6, 2025; DPR Construction engaged as general contractor; three data centers, 929,000 sq ft total; first building target late 2027",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Groundbreaking ceremony held November 6, 2025 per Vantage press release; active development underway with DPR Construction as general contractor.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-invests-2b-in-fredericksburg-virginia-region-to-deliver-fourth-campus-in-the-commonwealth/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Invests $2B in Fredericksburg Virginia Region",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/vantage-data-centers-2b-stafford-campus/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers to invest $2B on Stafford campus",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06",
    "notes": "Vantage's fourth Virginia campus; approximately 40 miles south of Washington DC in Stafford County (Fredericksburg region). Coordinates are county-centroid approximation — specific site address not confirmed in sources. Groundbreaking held November 6, 2025; DPR Construction engaged as GC.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Dominion Energy"
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop chilled water system with liquid-to-liquid cooling; LEED Silver target; designed to minimize water consumption"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2000000000,
    "landAcres": 82,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1100,
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-wa12-wa",
    "name": "Vantage WA12",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2539697,
      "lon": -119.8136985,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/vantage-data-centers/2101-m-street-ne/wa12",
        "label": "datacenterHawk facility listing — Vantage WA12, 2101 M Street NE, Quincy WA",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/694602725",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/694602725",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "One of 3 buildings on Vantage's WA1 Quincy campus (68 acres, 89MW total, 775,000 sq ft), confirmed operational via Vantage's own locations directory. Address (2101 M Street NE) distinct from WA13's address, confirming it is a separate building, not a duplicate. No AI/HPC-specific evidence found, so aiClassification left empty.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PUD No 2 of Grant County"
    },
    "landAcres": 68,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-wa13-quincy-wa",
    "name": "Vantage WA13",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.247,
      "lon": -119.83,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "street": "2101 M Street NE",
      "postalCode": "98848",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 64
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2023-10-18",
        "note": "Vantage announced delivery of WA13, the third and final facility on its Quincy (WA1) campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-completes-development-of-89mw-1billion-quincy-washington-campus/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Completes Development of 89MW, $1 Billion Quincy, Washington Campus",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/quincy-washington/",
        "label": "Quincy, Washington Data Center Campus",
        "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/quincy",
        "label": "Quincy, WA data center facility directory (Vantage WA11/WA12/WA13)",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-05",
    "notes": "530,000 sq ft building adding 64 MW of IT capacity on Vantage's 68-acre Quincy (WA1) campus at 2101 M Street NE, bringing the campus to 89 MW across nearly 775,000 sq ft. Uses Tier 4 generators to reduce particulate and NOx emissions. Construction began in late 2022 and the building was delivered Oct. 18, 2023. Sibling buildings WA11 and WA12 are already tracked separately; the 89 MW and 68 acres are campus-level figures and are not attributed to this building. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the campus address.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "hydro",
      "utility": "Grant County PUD",
      "notes": "Vantage says Grant County PUD's two large-scale hydroelectric dams produce an average of 1,050 MW annually and that hydro accounts for more than 66% of the utility's generation mix."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Closed-loop air-cooled chiller system. Vantage reports the campus's closed-loop chilled-water design with air-side economizers brings water utilization efficiency close to zero litres/kW/hr."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vantage-westlake-south-fulton-ga",
    "name": "Vantage Data Centers Westlake",
    "operator": "Vantage Data Centers",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6273,
      "lon": -84.5646,
      "city": "South Fulton",
      "county": "Fulton",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-28",
        "note": "Development of Regional Impact application filed with the Georgia Department of Community Affairs for a 754,000 sq ft data center, completion targeted January 2028.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://insidetowers.com/vantage-data-centers-plans-two-new-sites-in-georgia/",
        "label": "Vantage Data Centers Plans Two New Sites in Georgia (Westlake and Stacks Road, Fulton County)",
        "publisher": "Inside Towers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "754,000 sq ft, targeted completion January 2028. Vantage filed a second Fulton County DRI the same period (Stacks Road, ~697,000 sq ft, January 2027) which is not recorded separately here because no fetched source gave it a distinguishable location.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vaultas-alexandria-mn",
    "name": "Vaultas Alexandria (ALX1)",
    "operator": "Vaultas",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.8844516,
      "lon": -95.3762121,
      "city": "Alexandria",
      "county": "Douglas",
      "street": "720 Hawthorne Street",
      "postalCode": "56308",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "note": "Listed by Vaultas as an operating colocation facility currently accepting clients.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://vaultas.com/data-centers/alexandria-mn/",
        "label": "Vaultas — Alexandria MN data center (720 Hawthorne St; 30kW+ high-density workloads; dual substations with standby generators)",
        "publisher": "Vaultas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://vaultas.com/data-centers/minnesota/",
        "label": "Vaultas — Minnesota data centers (Alexandria ALX1 at 720 Hawthorne Street, plus Minneapolis, St. Cloud and St. Paul)",
        "publisher": "Vaultas",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?street=720+Hawthorne+St&city=Alexandria&state=MN&country=US&format=json&limit=2",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode — 720 Hawthorne Street, Alexandria, Douglas County, MN 56308",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-18",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-18",
    "notes": "Vaultas designates this site ALX1. Distinct from the Vaultas St. Cloud proposal already tracked. Vaultas also references Minneapolis and St. Paul locations but publishes no street address for either, so neither is recorded here.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vaultas-st-cloud-mn",
    "name": "Vaultas St. Cloud",
    "operator": "Vaultas",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 45.5405392,
      "lon": -94.2023528,
      "city": "St. Cloud",
      "county": "Stearns",
      "street": "3701 18th St S",
      "postalCode": "56301",
      "state": "MN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 0.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.stcloudlive.com/news/local/to-plug-in-or-not-to-plug-in-that-is-the-question-for-area-cities-about-data-centers-1",
        "label": "To plug in or not to plug in? That is the question for area cities about data centers",
        "publisher": "St. Cloud Live",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Modular edge-computing facility with a starting capacity of 0.5-0.6MW, expandable by stacking additional nodes. As of Feb 2026 construction had not yet begun despite a stated 2026 opening target.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "vc-summer-units-2-3-fairfield-county-sc",
    "name": "V.C. Summer Units 2 and 3 (restart)",
    "operator": "Santee Cooper",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.2955736,
      "lon": -81.3149669,
      "city": "Jenkinsville",
      "county": "Fairfield",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2200
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-10-24",
        "note": "Santee Cooper's board approved selection of Brookfield Asset Management to restart and complete Units 2 and 3, following a January 2025 request for proposals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/article-7493/santee-cooper-opts-to-reboot-summer-reactor-project/",
        "label": "Santee Cooper opts to reboot Summer reactor project",
        "publisher": "American Nuclear Society — Nuclear Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Virgil+C.+Summer+Nuclear+Generating+Station&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim record for Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station, Fairfield County, SC",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Covers the two abandoned AP1000 units only, not the operating Unit 1. Ownership is in transition — Santee Cooper currently holds the assets and Brookfield was selected to complete them, with a feasibility study running to a decision point; the operator field records current ownership, not the eventual one. No named compute offtaker is sourced, so `generation.offtaker` is omitted despite widespread reporting that data center demand is the commercial premise. Coordinates are the OSM feature for the V.C. Summer site. Re-checked 2026-09-10: status correctly remains 'proposed'. Santee Cooper's board approved an MOU with Brookfield Asset Management (with The Nuclear Company as project-management partner) establishing a formal feasibility period; Brookfield must determine initial feasibility, a target FID date, and a draft economic development plan by 26 June 2026, with a full final investment decision not expected until 2028. No construction has resumed -- this is still evaluation/feasibility work, not a status-changing event.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "nuclear",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two partially built Westinghouse AP1000 reactors of about 1,100 MWe each, abandoned in July 2017 after roughly $9 billion in spending. Santee Cooper's board approved Brookfield Asset Management on 2025-10-24 to complete construction; the NRC terminated the original combined licenses in March 2019, so construction and operating licenses would have to be re-applied for."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "vermaland-la-osa-eloy-az",
    "name": "La Osa Data Center Park",
    "operator": "Vermaland LLC",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.75,
      "lon": -111.55,
      "city": "Eloy",
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "WAPA grid interconnect; on-site natural gas (phase 1); solar (planned)",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Vermaland publicly announces La Osa Project (DCD: Aug 4, 2025; AZ Big Media: Sep 15, 2025); rezoning application filed with Pinal County ~April 2025. $33B/3 GW ceiling figures publicized. Pinal County Planning & Zoning Commission holds non-voting informational session July 17, 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "April 17, 2026: Pinal County land-use committee recommends advancing to full rezoning and site-plan review. No construction authorization granted; comprehensive plan amendment, drainage, flood mitigation, and road improvements still required.",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "May 2026: Operator announces 80% scale-back after all ~60 public comments opposed the project — revised plan reduces to 11 data centers and a 1 GW energy demand ceiling (down from 59 DCs / 3 GW). Board of Supervisors hearing rescheduled to August 26, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-08-28",
        "note": "The Pinal County Board of Supervisors voted 4-1 on August 26, 2026 to reject the La Osa Energy Center rezoning request and development plans, after the developer had already scaled the proposal back roughly 80% (from 59 data center buildings and 3 GW of demand to 11 buildings, a 500 MW gas plant, battery storage and a 1 GW cap) in response to opposition over aquifer drawdown and incomplete energy sourcing plans. Supervisor Stephen Miller cast the lone dissent. Recorded as cancelled because the entitlement the project required was denied; Vermaland has not publicly announced a withdrawal or a refiling, so this reflects the county's denial rather than a developer decision.",
        "sourceIndex": 5
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/land-developer-vermaland-plans-33bn-data-center-in-arizona/",
        "label": "Land developer Vermaland pitches $33bn data center in Arizona",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://azbigmedia.com/business/33-billion-data-center-industrial-park-coming-to-pinal-county/",
        "label": "$33 billion data center industrial park coming to Pinal County",
        "publisher": "AZ Big Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kjzz.org/fronteras-desk/2026-05-28/largest-proposed-data-center-in-arizona-to-be-scaled-back-80-after-opposition",
        "label": "Largest proposed data center in Arizona to be scaled back 80% after opposition",
        "publisher": "KJZZ (Arizona Public Radio)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/04/pinal-county-panel-backs-massive-la-osa-data-center-in-eloy-desert/",
        "label": "Pinal County Advances Vermaland's La Osa Data Center Plan",
        "publisher": "Hoodline",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/33b-data-center-park-eyed-in-arizona/",
        "label": "$33B Data Center Park Eyed in Arizona",
        "publisher": "Commercial Property Executive",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kjzz.org/politics/2026-08-26/pinal-county-rejects-massive-la-osa-data-center-residents-want-more-rules-for-future-projects",
        "label": "Pinal County rejects massive La Osa data center. Residents want more rules for future projects",
        "publisher": "KJZZ",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sonorandesert.org/2026/08/26/data-centers-update/",
        "label": "Data centers in the Sonoran Desert — update (La Osa rezoning denied August 26, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Coalition for Sonoran Desert Protection",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Vermaland LLC is a Phoenix-area land developer and land-banking company (CEO Kuldip 'Ken' Verma, founded 2006, controls ~25,000 acres of metro Phoenix land). DCD explicitly noted 'it is unclear whether Vermaland would operate its own data center facilities' — Vermaland plans to sell or rent parcels/buildings to tenants. No end tenants or hyperscaler operators have been named as of July 2026. Original plan: 59 data centers, up to 3 GW capacity ceiling, up to $33B investment ceiling, 3,300-acre site south of Eloy along the Greene Canal. A separate adjacent 1,700-acre parcel already holds Industrial-2 zoning for data centers, gas plants, battery storage, and solar. After strong public opposition (all ~60 public comments opposed), operator announced May 2026 scale-back to 11 data centers and 1 GW ceiling. Board of Supervisors hearing scheduled August 26, 2026; no permits issued as of record date. Site lies adjacent to a Qualified Opportunity Zone (investor tax benefit; not a direct subsidy to Vermaland — no subsidy award confirmed, omitted). Coordinates are approximate (parcel south of Eloy city center along Greene Canal; no precise APN published). $33B investment and all GW figures are announced ceilings, not firm commitments.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) — proposed grid transmission line upgrades for interconnect. APS and SRP not confirmed as utility providers.",
      "notes": "Phase 1 would rely on on-site natural gas turbines as primary power source, transitioning to solar as adjacent solar projects come online. Utility-scale battery storage included in original 3 GW plan. Hybrid model: gas + solar + battery + WAPA grid. On-site generation MW not specified in any source."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer's attorney stated commitment to air-cooled or closed-loop cooling to minimize water demand. Site borders the Greene Canal, raising concerns about water access and consumption in an arid region. No MGD figures have been published. Critics cited Pima County's 'Project Blue' hyperscale data center as a cautionary precedent for water misuse in Arizona desert developments."
    },
    "landAcres": 3300,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "All approximately 60 public comments and 50 emails received by the Pinal County Board opposed the project. Concerns raised: location in a high-risk flood zone, wildlife and environmental impacts, water use risk, power bill impacts for local residents, construction timeline (gas plant likely last, 5-7 year timeline). Scale-back from 3 GW to 1 GW was a direct response to this opposition. Pinal County Supervisor Rich Vitiello expressed concern about constituent energy cost impacts.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "verrus-oakline-mill-creek-salem-or",
    "name": "Oakline at Mill Creek",
    "operator": "Verrus",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.88315,
      "lon": -122.96941,
      "city": "Salem",
      "county": "Marion",
      "state": "OR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://apps.oregon.gov/oregon-newsroom/OR/GOV/Posts/Post/governor-kotek-directs-state-to-withdraw-land-for-proposed-salem-data-center-site",
        "label": "Governor Kotek Directs State to Withdraw Land for Proposed Salem Data Center Site (July 30, 2026) — directs the Department of Administrative Services to terminate the state's contract for the sale of approximately 32 acres at the Mill Creek Corporate Center in southeast Salem",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor, State of Oregon",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://katu.com/news/local/massive-51b-data-center-proposed-for-salem-draws-praise-and-pushback-oregon-environment-local-money-water-energy-local-portland-hillsboro-companies-business-jobs",
        "label": "Massive $5.1B data center proposed for Salem draws praise and pushback — developer Verrus; project 'Oakline at Mill Creek'; $5.1 billion; 75 acres at Mill Creek Corporate Center near Turner Road SE and Deer Park Drive SE; 75 permanent jobs; ~$9M/yr to Salem's general fund and ~$1.5M to the Community Livability Levy; power and water figures not yet disclosed by the company",
        "publisher": "KATU",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "investmentUsd": 5100000000,
    "landAcres": 75,
    "jobs": {},
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "Proposal drew both support and opposition. Construction unions backed it for job creation (Eric Morgan, North Coast States Carpenters Union). Residents raised concerns about water use, electricity demand, noise and environmental impact, and called for a proper public process. On July 30, 2026 Governor Tina Kotek directed the Department of Administrative Services to terminate the state's contract to sell approximately 32 acres at the Mill Creek Corporate Center for the project, saying 'Growth has to make sense for the community, for our infrastructure, and for our natural resources.' Verrus, through subsidiary Alderstone LLC, submitted a land use application to the City of Salem on July 31, 2026. Projected tax revenue cited: about $9 million annually to Salem's general fund and about $1.5 million to the Community Livability Levy."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "verrus-project-flex-lyon-township-oakland-county-mi",
    "name": "Project Flex",
    "operator": "Verrus (Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.47,
      "lon": -83.53,
      "city": "Lyon Township",
      "county": "Oakland",
      "state": "MI",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.crainsdetroit.com/technology/cdb-anthropic-projectflex-datacenter-20260414/",
        "label": "Anthropic reported as intended end user of Project Flex data center",
        "publisher": "Crain's Detroit Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/180-acre-data-center-set-to-be-built-in-lyon-township-michigan/",
        "label": "180-acre data center set to be built in Lyon Township, Michigan (DCD)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/lyon-township-data-center-plan/",
        "label": "Lyon Township 'may be revisiting' data center site plan: Residents pack meeting (Planet Detroit)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://projectflexmi.com/faq/",
        "label": "Project Flex — FAQ",
        "publisher": "Verrus (Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "6 buildings, 1.8M sq ft. Anthropic (maker of Claude) reported as the intended end-user tenant, not confirmed directly by Anthropic. Conditional site plan approval since Sept 2025. Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "DTE Energy",
      "notes": "Grid power via a new DTE Energy electrical substation is the defining arrangement."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer states closed-loop cooling using approximately 99% less water than legacy designs, and total site use of less than 12 million gallons per year for building, cooling and landscaping combined."
    },
    "landAcres": 180,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 210,
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Developer (via counsel) threatened injunctions/damages after the township denied a stormwater easement; a $10M community-benefits offer was floated July 2026.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "viking-energy-center-cedar-falls-ia",
    "name": "Viking Energy Center",
    "operator": "Cedar Falls Utilities",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4905,
      "lon": -92.4805,
      "city": "Cedar Falls",
      "county": "Black Hawk",
      "street": "West Viking Road Industrial Park (southwest Cedar Falls)",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 37
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-06-15",
        "note": "Cedar Falls City Council unanimously approved rezoning and conveyance of 48 acres to Cedar Falls Utilities on first reading; Iowa Utilities Commission approval still required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-06-17/cedar-falls-approves-new-gas-power-plant",
        "label": "Cedar Falls approves new $80M gas power plant",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-03-26/cedar-falls-rezoning-proposal-cryptocurrency-mining-site",
        "label": "Cedar Falls residents object to proposed crypto mining site at rezoning meeting (names the Viking Energy Center as a CFU plant planned on-site)",
        "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "$80 million municipal gas plant on 48 acres in the West Viking Road Industrial Park in southwest Cedar Falls. Rezoning and land conveyance to Cedar Falls Utilities approved by the city council on 2026-06-15; the project still requires Iowa Utilities Commission approval before construction. Discussed since 2022. Relevant to the compute buildout on two counts: IPR cites data center load growth as a driver, and the same industrial park is where a crypto mining operator sought rezoning in March 2026 — though the council has banned crypto operations citywide.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Cedar Falls Utilities"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 80000000,
    "landAcres": 48,
    "community": {
      "status": "mixed",
      "notes": "The city council approved the rezoning and land conveyance unanimously on first reading (2026-06-15). Resident Kamyar Enshayan argued renewables and battery storage would prove more reliable long term: 'Iowa's native sources of energy are the sun and the wind and a culture of conservation.'",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 2,
      "notes": "Two gas-fired reciprocating engines producing a combined 37 MW initially, with space reserved on the 48-acre site for future expansion. Cedar Falls Utilities general manager Susan Abernathy framed the plant as local backup generation: 'If push comes to shove with local generation, we can be islanded; we can take care of ourselves.' Iowa Public Radio reported load growth from data center development, alongside Iowa's over-60-percent renewable penetration, as the grid pressures behind the project. No named offtaker: this is municipal utility generation, not a contracted data center supply, so no offtaker is recorded."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "vint-hill-corners-fauquier-va",
    "name": "Vint Hill Corners",
    "operator": "Vint Hill Corners LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.746,
      "lon": -77.664,
      "city": "Vint Hill",
      "county": "Fauquier",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "proposed per Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-17",
        "note": "CONFIRMED DISTINCT from cyrusone-vint-hill-fauquier-va, NOT a duplicate. Per Baxtel's project record (an aggregator, used here only as a lead -- underlying claim is corroborated by the shared roundup context describing multiple distinct Remington/Vint Hill projects): Vint Hill Corners is located at 4295 Aiken Dr, developed by Vint Hill Corners LLC on ~80 acres along Brookside Parkway, proposing tw",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquiernow.com/news/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_18be50e8-49f6-11ef-95cf-3b45407fea55.html",
        "label": "Fauquier County planning staff project database (maintained record of application status)",
        "publisher": "FauquierNow (sourced from Fauquier Co. planning staff)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.rappnews.com/news/landuse/data-center-database-where-projects-stand-across-fauquier-county/article_3b3bea48-3789-5388-ac49-4390c56e9e92.html",
        "label": "Data center database: Where projects stand across Fauquier County (lists Vint Hill Corners as a distinct project from CyrusOne)",
        "publisher": "Rappahannock News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fauquier.com/news/fauquier-supervisors-exempt-3rd-data-center-from-new-vint-hill-zoning-rules/article_d2c516d4-0fd1-11ef-af98-138f4b7b5664.html",
        "label": "Fauquier supervisors exempt 3rd data center from new Vint Hill zoning rules",
        "publisher": "Fauquier Times (Piedmont Journalism Foundation)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/vint-hill-landowners-push-back-on-move-to-curb-large-data-centers/article_c22ef762-820a-5b88-bed0-3b84ac791efe.html",
        "label": "Effort to curb data centers in Vint Hill faces pushback",
        "publisher": "Prince William Times / Fauquier Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-19",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-19",
    "notes": "By-right project (no rezoning needed), awaiting a site plan submission — a step further along than the Remington 'on-hold' cluster. Same Vint Hill locality as tracked CyrusOne project but confirmed distinct parcel/applicant. Fauquier planning-database roundup; distinct parcel from the tracked CyrusOne Vint Hill campus (verified) but near-name — flagged.",
    "landAcres": 50,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "In May 2024, Fauquier County supervisors voted 4-1 to grandfather the Vint Hill Corners project out of stricter new Vint Hill data-center zoning rules; Supervisor Ike Broaddus, who represents the district, said he remained personally opposed to the project as sited because it would be too close to residences, while Supervisor Regan Washer cast the lone dissenting vote on the exemption agreement.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "virginia-technology-park-clear-brook-frederick-va",
    "name": "Virginia Technology Park",
    "operator": "Equus Capital Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.2564912,
      "lon": -78.096111,
      "city": "Clear Brook",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06",
        "note": "Rezoning application for a 10-11 building data center campus near I-81 Exit 323; Frederick County Planning Commission voted 10-0 to recommend denial, with the matter referred to the Board of Supervisors.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nvdaily.com/nvdaily/frederick-county-planners-vote-down-clear-brook-data-center-campus/article_8e6c14d9-ce6f-51fd-9c04-e46953e6b6e5.html",
        "label": "Frederick County planners vote down Clear Brook data center campus",
        "publisher": "Northern Virginia Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.winchesterstar.com/winchester_star/new-technology-park-proposal-begins-review-process-in-frederick-county/article_b90887cd-5145-5494-8eb0-ade0edc35288.html",
        "label": "New technology park proposal begins review process in Frederick County",
        "publisher": "Winchester Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "landAcres": 220,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "viridian-apecs-janesville-wi",
    "name": "APECS Data Center Campus (Former GM Assembly Plant)",
    "operator": "Viridian Acquisitions LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.66331,
      "lon": -89.02056,
      "city": "Janesville",
      "county": "Rock",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 800
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-11",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-11",
        "note": "Janesville City Council voted 5-2 to approve a non-binding letter of intent, opening a 120-day negotiation window with Viridian.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/janesville-data-center-abandoned-gm-site",
        "label": "Janesville moves forward with data center plans for abandoned GM site",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/apecs-data-center-campus",
        "label": "APECS Data Center Campus — project record",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://608scanner.com/the-rock-county-data-center-fight-janesvilles-three-proposals-and-the-vote-that-could-decide-them/",
        "label": "The Rock County data center fight: Janesville's three proposals",
        "publisher": "608 Scanner",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-18",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-18",
    "notes": "Redevelopment of the 250-acre former General Motors assembly plant (demolished 2019), a DNR-cleanup brownfield. Two configurations are under evaluation: an 11-building data center campus or an 8- or 9-building hyperscale campus, drawing up to 800 MW. Utility is Alliant Energy. The end user has not been disclosed. Coordinates are the geocoded former GM plant site, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "investmentUsd": 8000000000,
    "landAcres": 250,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1200,
      "permanent": 600,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "More than 20 residents spoke against the proposal at the November 2025 council meeting; a Nov. 3, 2026 Janesville ballot initiative would require voter approval for projects over $450 million at the GM/JATCO site.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "volition-spanish-fork-ut",
    "name": "Volition Spanish Fork Data Center",
    "operator": "Volition Industries",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.115,
      "lon": -111.6461,
      "city": "Spanish Fork",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 250
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-20",
        "note": "Spanish Fork City Council tabled a vote on the municipal-code amendments (Title 15) needed to permit the project, pending written council concerns due August 24, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2026/aug/20/data-center-discussion-spanish-fork-city-council-delays-vote-for-amendments-that-could-pave-way-for-data-center/",
        "label": "Data center discussion: Spanish Fork City Council delays vote for amendments that could pave way for data center",
        "publisher": "Daily Herald",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://servercountry.org/data/projects/volition-industries-spanish-fork-data-center-ut/",
        "label": "Volition Industries - Spanish Fork Data Center",
        "publisher": "Server Country",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51611520/residents-voice-concerns-over-proposed-data-center-regulations-in-spanish-fork",
        "label": "Residents voice concerns over proposed data center regulations in Spanish Fork",
        "publisher": "KSL.com",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13now.com/news/local-news/central-utah/data-center-company-ponders-moving-on-after-spanish-fork-leaders-delay-title-15-vote",
        "label": "Data Center company ponders moving on after Spanish Fork leaders delay Title 15 vote",
        "publisher": "FOX 13 News Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-08",
    "notes": "Proposed retrofit of a ~1M sq ft former Fingerhut distribution warehouse at the mouth of Spanish Fork Canyon; faced significant resident opposition at an August 20, 2026 public hearing; not yet zoned for the use. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. The company is on record declining to seek one: \"Volition is not requesting any tax breaks, Chavez said, and instead would be generating around $44 million in tax revenue for the city, school district and other taxing entities.\" No Spanish Fork RDA/CRA project area or participation agreement naming Volition or the site was located. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "notes": "Proposed energy-independent design using Bloom Energy fuel cells for on-site power generation, per servercountry.org; closed-loop water cooling system."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "500,000 gallons for initial fill; ~250,000 gallons/year thereafter, per proposal terms discussed at the August 20, 2026 city council meeting."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "At an Aug 19, 2026 Spanish Fork City Council public hearing, nearly two hours of public comment ran almost unanimously against the project over unverified environmental claims, wildlife/water-resource risk, and proximity to residences; the council tabled the Title 15 zoning amendments the project needs to proceed.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "volt-edge-project-alpaca-union-county-sc",
    "name": "Project Alpaca (Midway Green Industrial Park)",
    "operator": "Volt Edge Energy",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.708932747649,
      "lon": -81.662386821414,
      "city": "Union",
      "county": "Union",
      "street": "265 Midway Drive",
      "state": "SC",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 49
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/05/05/union-county-data-center-tax-breaks-tabled-by-county-council/",
        "label": "Union County tables tax breaks for $400M data center | Project Alpaca",
        "publisher": "Fox Carolina",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://uniondevelopmentboard.com/union-midway-industrial-park/",
        "label": "Midway Green Industrial Park",
        "publisher": "Union County Development Board",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Site address per the Union County Development Board's own park page is 265 Midway Drive, Union, SC 29379 (a secondary source gave 260 Midway Drive; the two geocode ~40m apart, consistent with the same industrial park). Coordinates geocoded from that street address via the US Census geocoder — not stated as facility coordinates by any source, and the industrial park spans multiple parcels so the specific building footprint is unconfirmed. No source names an AI-specific workload for this site, so aiClassification is omitted.",
    "investmentUsd": 410000000,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 500,
      "permanent": 50,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Union County Council tabled the first reading of the FILOT ordinance for Project Alpaca on 2026-04-28 and cancelled a May 12, 2026 public hearing after resident concerns raised at a community listening session; council said the project would need to be reintroduced, with a public information forum required before any further tax-agreement decision.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "voltagrid-covington-power-plant-ga",
    "name": "VoltaGrid Covington Power Plant (Hazelbrand Road)",
    "operator": "VoltaGrid",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.5968,
      "lon": -83.8602,
      "city": "Covington",
      "county": "Newton",
      "street": "Hazelbrand Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 90
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Aerial imagery (June 2026) showed roughly 8 of 33 planned natural-gas engines already installed before an air-quality permit was granted; Georgia EPD issued a Notice of Violation on 2026-07-02 and ordered construction to pause pending permitting.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/07/georgia-agency-orders-data-centers-pop-up-power-plant-to-halt-construction/",
        "label": "Officials order Georgia data center's 'pop-up' power plant to halt construction",
        "publisher": "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gpb.org/news/2026/07/07/data-center-power-plant-company-texas-gets-warned-it-may-be-violating-georgia-law",
        "label": "Data center power plant company from Texas gets warned it may be violating Georgia law",
        "publisher": "Georgia Public Broadcasting",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/groups-alert-georgia-regulators-to-unpermitted-construction-of-pop-up-power-plant-data-center/",
        "label": "Groups alert Georgia regulators to unpermitted construction of pop-up power plant, data center",
        "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.selc.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/VoltaGrid-and-Serverfarm-Enforcement-Request.pdf",
        "label": "VoltaGrid and Serverfarm Enforcement Request",
        "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wabe.org/data-center-power-plant-accused-of-building-generators-without-permit/",
        "label": "Atlanta-area data center, power plant accused of building generators without permit",
        "publisher": "WABE",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-28",
    "notes": "Houston-based VoltaGrid's proposed ~90 MW on-site natural-gas power plant (33 Jenbacher J620 engines) on Hazelbrand Road in Covington, Newton County, supplying dedicated baseload power to the adjacent Serverfarm data center. Construction of engines began before an air-quality permit was issued; Georgia EPD issued a Notice of Violation (2026-07-02) and ordered a halt. Coordinates are an approximate Covington geocode, not a parcel-confirmed footprint.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Dedicated on-site behind-the-meter baseload generation for the adjacent Serverfarm data center rather than the Georgia Power grid."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Southern Environmental Law Center and partner groups filed an enforcement request over unpermitted construction and raised air-quality concerns (formaldehyde, NOx) from the engines.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Serverfarm",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "serverfarm-covington-hazelbrand-ga"
      ],
      "unitCount": 33,
      "notes": "Proposed ~90 MW plant of 33 Jenbacher J620 natural-gas-fired reciprocating engines providing dedicated baseload power to the neighboring Serverfarm data center; reported as Georgia's first data center 'pop-up' power plant."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "voltagrid-quincy-gas-generation-wa",
    "name": "VoltaGrid Quincy On-Site Generation Project (withdrawn)",
    "operator": "VoltaGrid",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.2343673,
      "lon": -119.8535054,
      "city": "Quincy",
      "county": "Grant",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "VoltaGrid withdrew its air-quality notice of construction application to the Washington Department of Ecology before the public comment period closed, after environmental groups submitted more than 500 opposing comments. Grant County PUD said on-site generation was 'no longer needed for that location'.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.kuow.org/climate/2026-07-30/controversial-central-wa-gas-power-plant-for-data-centers-canceled-amid-activist-backlash",
        "label": "Controversial Central WA gas power plant for data centers canceled amid activist backlash",
        "publisher": "KUOW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "Single-sourced, hence confidence 'reported'. Capacity is not recorded: the reporting gives a generator count but no megawatt rating, and deriving one would be invented. The coordinates are the Quincy city centroid - the parcel on Grant County PUD land was not identified in the reporting, so precision is 'approximate' and the pin should not be read as a site footprint. Worth tracking despite cancellation: the projection already carries cancelled records (Giga Watt), and a withdrawn behind-the-meter gas permit is a material part of the WA data-center power record.",
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "unitCount": 14,
      "notes": "Fourteen gas generators proposed on land owned by Grant County Public Utility District, to serve growing data center demand in Quincy; fuel was to arrive by more than a dozen daily semitruck trips. KUOW reports the nearby beneficiary as the Vantage data center campus, but neither VoltaGrid nor Vantage confirmed this, so no offtaker is recorded."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "voonami-orem-ut",
    "name": "Voonami Orem Data Center",
    "operator": "Voonami",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.29816,
      "lon": -111.69443,
      "city": "Orem",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "operational": 2
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://d36oiwf74r1rap.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Data-Center-Growth-FS-Apr2026.pdf",
        "label": "Data Center Growth in Utah and the United States — Data Summary, April 2026 (tables: Operating Data Centers in Utah, March 2026; Planned Data Centers in Utah, March 2026)",
        "publisher": "Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/498543.pdf",
        "label": "Redevelopment Agency of the City of Orem — meeting minutes, May 14, 2019 (only Project 90-08 remained active)",
        "publisher": "Utah Public Notice Website",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-05",
        "kind": "subsidy"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. Voonami's 510 East Technology Way site sits inside the Canyon Park Technology Center, associated with Orem's Project 85-02 — but the same 2019 RDA minutes establishing only Project 90-08 remained active confirm 85-02 had already stopped collecting tax increment years before any current-year subsidy could apply, and current FY2026-27 RDA activity is entirely at the unrelated University Place CDA. No source names Voonami in any Orem RDA record. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "w-holdings-energy-generation-technology-campus-maricopa-az",
    "name": "Energy Generation and Technology Campus",
    "operator": "W Holdings",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.945,
      "lon": -112.035,
      "city": "Maricopa",
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-10-16",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Pinal County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the major comprehensive plan land-use amendment; rezoning still required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inmaricopa.com/data-center-okd/",
        "label": "$10 billion data center campus OK'd south of Maricopa",
        "publisher": "InMaricopa",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pinalpost.com/commission-recommends-data-center-campus-despite-resident-tribal-pushback/",
        "label": "Commission Recommends Data Center Campus Despite Resident, Tribal Pushback",
        "publisher": "Pinal Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Located south of the City of Maricopa, east of State Route 347 and west of the Nissan test track, abutting the southern boundary of the Ak-Chin Indian Community. Investment is recorded as the itemized $4B construction plus $5.5B equipment figure presented to the Planning and Zoning Commission; a separate report rounds the total to $10B. Acreage is also reported as 500 and, in one account, 656 acres. Some coverage associates the site with Copia Power; the applicant of record in commission and board coverage is W Holdings, represented by the same attorney who has appeared for Copia projects, so the corporate relationship is not established here.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Plan pairs data centers with an on-site natural gas power plant and battery energy storage. The applicant told the commission the campus would be powered primarily by the Griffin Energy Project (solar, gas and battery). No MW figure has been stated publicly."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Applicant projects roughly 500 acre-feet of water use annually. Cooling method not stated."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 9500000000,
    "landAcres": 495,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 500,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The Ak-Chin Indian Community, whose southern boundary abuts the site, opposes the location. Vice-chairwoman Delia Carlyle cited a high concentration of cultural artifacts and concern that ground disturbance would affect ancestral remains, while saying the community does not oppose development generally.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "wagner-properties-wagner-road-petersburg-va",
    "name": "Wagner Road Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Wagner Properties",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.2279,
      "lon": -77.4019,
      "city": "Petersburg",
      "county": "Petersburg",
      "street": "1161 Wagner Road",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04",
        "note": "Petersburg's interim planning director confirmed Wagner's site plan was approved in April 2026, nearly two years after first submission. Land is zoned M-2, where data centers are by-right under a 2024 city zoning change, so no council approval or public hearing was required.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260721131420/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/07/21/documents-reveal-details-on-data-center-projects-in-petersburgs-pipeline/",
        "label": "Documents reveal details on several data center projects in Petersburg's pipeline",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense (via Internet Archive)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Three buildings on 27 acres of a 73-acre site west of Wagner Road alongside railroad tracks; owner Joseph Wagner is working with Legacy Engineering of Fredericksburg. The land is owned by GFYA LLC, an entity tied to Potomac, Maryland real estate agent Jacob Manevich, which bought it from Wagner Properties Inc. in 2024 for $950,000. Next step is a land disturbance permit, not applied for as of late June 2026. Details come from city documents obtained by Richmond BizSense via FOIA.",
    "landAcres": 73,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "wahawk-power-waterloo-ia",
    "name": "Wahawk Power Data Center",
    "operator": "Wahawk Power, LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.4429861,
      "lon": -92.4006906,
      "city": "Waterloo",
      "county": "Black Hawk",
      "street": "North of 570 West Shaulis Road, South Waterloo Business Park",
      "state": "IA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2025-12-15",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.hottlerealestate.com/blog/wahawk-power-data-center-blog_2",
        "label": "Wahawk Power Data Center — 80,000 SF, $6M Value in South Waterloo Business Park",
        "publisher": "Hottle Real Estate",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kwwl.com/news/waterloo-data-center-plan-sparks-protest-at-city-hall/article_db0d730e-4c25-4fef-aa9c-3db93a5a3402.html",
        "label": "Waterloo data center plan sparks protest at city hall",
        "publisher": "KWWL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/08/18/city-waterloo-considering-three-month-data-center-moratorium/",
        "label": "City of Waterloo considering three-month data center moratorium",
        "publisher": "KCRG",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-21",
    "notes": "80,000 sq ft edge/colocation data center proposed on a 12-acre city-owned parcel (with a right to purchase 10-12 more acres within 5 years) sold to the developer for $1; Waterloo City Council approved a development agreement Dec 15, 2025, but Planning Commission and Council site-plan approval were still pending as of June 2026, and the Council is weighing a 3-month moratorium (discussion set for September 2026) amid resident opposition.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "MidAmerican Energy"
    },
    "landAcres": 12,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Protests at city hall and a push for a data-center moratorium followed the December 2025 development agreement; opponents cite water, power, noise and economic-benefit concerns.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "walker-buddy-ellis-road-data-center-livingston-la",
    "name": "Buddy Ellis Road Data Center Site (Walker)",
    "operator": "Undisclosed (tract rezoned at the request of Juban Land Holdings, LLC)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 30.4541822,
      "lon": -90.8767224,
      "city": "Walker",
      "county": "Livingston",
      "postalCode": "70726",
      "state": "LA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "note": "Livingston Parish rezoned the 691-acre tract on Buddy Ellis Road from R-2 residential to I-2 heavy industrial at the request of Juban Land Holdings, LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://louisianavoice.com/2026/08/31/louisianavoice-learns-new-data-center-on-tap-for-livingston-parish-everything-was-done-in-secrecy-via-use-of-ndas/",
        "label": "LouisianaVoice learns new data center on tap for Livingston Parish; everything was done in secrecy through use of NDAs",
        "publisher": "LouisianaVoice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://louisianavoice.com/2026/09/01/livingston-parish-president-denies-signing-nda-for-data-center-but-does-not-say-whether-a-deal-in-the-works-or-not/",
        "label": "Livingston Parish President denies signing NDA for data center but does not say whether a deal is in the works or not",
        "publisher": "LouisianaVoice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Buddy+Ellis+Road%2C+Walker%2C+Livingston+Parish%2C+Louisiana&format=json&addressdetails=1&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap / Nominatim record for Buddy Ellis Road, Walker, Livingston Parish, Louisiana",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "No operator has been announced. A council member has said the project is controlled by Microsoft; the parish president has said he signed no NDA and has no project to announce, so no operator is asserted here. Dixie Electric Membership Cooperative has separately sought expedited authority for up to 1 GW of generation, supported by confidential LPSC testimony in November 2025; that filing is a lead, not confirmation of a built or awarded site. The coordinate is the OpenStreetMap centre of the roughly 2.4 km Buddy Ellis Road corridor south of Walker, not a parcel-confirmed point.",
    "landAcres": 691,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "wallace-jackson-data-center-campus-spalding-ga",
    "name": "Wallace Jackson Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Wallace Jackson, LLC (developer; end user undisclosed)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2468,
      "lon": -84.2641,
      "city": "Griffin",
      "county": "Spalding",
      "street": "Jackson Road at Wallace Road",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-01-22",
        "note": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners approved the campus.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/01/whats-37b-and-larger-than-3-malls-georgias-next-potential-data-center/",
        "label": "What's $3.7B and larger than 3 malls? Georgia's next potential data center.",
        "publisher": "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/data-centers-could-bring-high-tax-revenue-to-spalding-county/article_fe0871d7-695d-5ea7-924f-d89b2aeb6b33.html",
        "label": "Data centers could bring high tax revenue to Spalding County",
        "publisher": "Griffin Daily News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Ten two-story buildings ranging from 297,000 to 780,000 sq ft, 4.986 million sq ft total, on roughly 190 acres along the I-75 corridor. The DRI puts value at build-out in 2035 at $3.65B with $51.656M in estimated annual local tax revenue. Acreage omitted as a precise figure — the source says \"nearly 190 acres.\"",
    "investmentUsd": 3700000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Two lawsuits were filed in Spalding County Superior Court against the Board of Commissioners' Jan. 22, 2026 approval, alleging the county ignored its own procedural requirements and data center rules and seeking to have the zoning decision vacated.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "walmart-bentonville-data-center-ar",
    "name": "Walmart Bentonville Data Center",
    "operator": "Walmart",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.364241,
      "lon": -94.182712,
      "city": "Bentonville",
      "county": "Benton",
      "street": "805 SE Moberly Ln",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://adeq.state.ar.us/home/pdssql/p_facil_details.aspx?AFINDash=04-01474&AFIN=0401474",
        "label": "Facility AFIN 04-01474 — \"WAL-MART DGTC/ISD #9280\", alternate name \"EAST DATA CENTER\", 805 Moberly Lane, Bentonville (Benton County); owner WALMART INC; status Active",
        "publisher": "Arkansas Division of Environmental Quality — Permit Data System",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenter.fyi/facility/walmart-ar-ae65a04c",
        "label": "Walmart — Bentonville, AR",
        "publisher": "datacenter.fyi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Walmart's East Data Center, on the David Glass Technology Center campus (DGTC) at 805 SE Moberly Ln, Bentonville. Identity, owner, address, county and coordinates are from the Arkansas DEQ Permit Data System facility record AFIN 04-01474, which names the site \"WAL-MART DGTC/ISD #9280\" with alternate name \"EAST DATA CENTER\", owner WALMART INC, status Active. Coordinates are ADEQ's own (36.364241, -94.182712; NAD83, ADEQ photo interpolation, measured 2013-02-04), which supersede the earlier US Census street geocode they sit ~87 m from. precision remains approximate: the campus holds several buildings and the specific data-hall footprint is not established. capacityMw omitted: the aggregator figures disagree (10-25 MW vs 12.884 MW) and neither is a primary source. ⚠ datacenter.fyi (source 1) additionally states the site \"connects to the El Paso Electric power grid\" — El Paso Electric serves only West Texas and southern New Mexico and has no Arkansas service territory, so that field is a data-quality error in that source and nothing from it is relied on beyond corroborating the site's existence.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "warrenton-group-halifax-road-petersburg-va",
    "name": "TWG Data Halifax Road Campus (former Collier Yard)",
    "operator": "Warrenton Group (TWG Data)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.177,
      "lon": -77.418,
      "city": "Petersburg",
      "street": "2233 Halifax Road",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Received zoning approval from Petersburg City Council in 2025; council approved an amendment in February 2026 enlarging the project footprint with three additional parcels for access and wetland mitigation. No site plan had been submitted since that approval as of the reporting date.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260721131420/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/07/21/documents-reveal-details-on-data-center-projects-in-petersburgs-pipeline/",
        "label": "Documents reveal details on several data center projects in Petersburg's pipeline (archived)",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Six data center buildings on a 175-acre site — the former CSX Collier Yard property, now city-owned. Developed through Warrenton Group's TWG Data arm, with engineering by Timmons Group. No capacity or investment figure published. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the cited street address.",
    "landAcres": 175,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "washington-state-data-center-olympia-wa",
    "name": "Washington State Data Center (1500 Jefferson Building)",
    "operator": "Washington Technology Solutions",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.0345059,
      "lon": -122.8945401,
      "city": "Olympia",
      "county": "Thurston",
      "street": "1500 Jefferson Street SE",
      "postalCode": "98504",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2011",
        "note": "The 1500 Jefferson Building, whose three-storey wing wraps around the state data center, was completed in 2011.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate/air-quality/data-centers",
        "label": "Data centers - air quality permits index (Olympia: Washington Department of Information Services, second-tier health impact assessment, 9/16/2010)",
        "publisher": "Washington State Department of Ecology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://capitol.wa.gov/discover/buildings/1500-jefferson-building",
        "label": "1500 Jefferson Building - completed 2011, 245,000 sq ft, six-storey L-shaped office with a three-storey wing wrapping a data center; houses Enterprise Services, Washington Technology Solutions and DCYF",
        "publisher": "Washington State Capitol Campus",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-17",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-17",
    "notes": "The state government's own consolidated data center, on the East Capitol Campus. Ecology's data-center permit index lists it under its former agency name, the Washington Department of Information Services, which was reorganised into Washington Technology Solutions; the operator recorded here is the current occupant named on the Capitol Campus page. Coordinates are the OSM polygon for the 1500 Jefferson Building, which contains but is larger than the data center wing. No capacity figure is published.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "wave-garden-macedonia-ar",
    "name": "Wave Garden Macedonia Cryptomine",
    "operator": "Wave Garden, LLC",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.1765201,
      "lon": -93.300169,
      "city": "Macedonia",
      "county": "Columbia",
      "state": "AR",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-02",
        "note": "The facility was operating by early 2024 and still operating as of April 2024 reporting. Land - 8.10 acres off County Road 12 in the Macedonia community - was purchased 2023-10-16 for $243,000 through Bismarck Land Holding LLC.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.magnoliareporter.com/news_and_business/local_news/article_24255728-f722-11ee-a1c0-4773f2844f56.html",
        "label": "Macedonia crypto-mining facility raises noise concerns among residents",
        "publisher": "Magnolia Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://arkadelphian.com/2024/04/10/magnoliareporter-com-crypto-mining-facility-in-south-arkansas-raises-noise-concerns-among-residents/",
        "label": "Crypto-mining facility in South Arkansas raises noise concerns among residents (Magnolia Reporter reprint)",
        "publisher": "The Arkadelphian / Magnolia Reporter",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Macedonia%2C+Columbia+County%2C+Arkansas&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode: Macedonia, Columbia County, Arkansas",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap point for the Macedonia community in Columbia County; the site is described only as 'off County Road 12', so this is a community-level approximation, not the parcel. Land was purchased through Bismarck Land Holding LLC and the facility is operated by Wave Garden, LLC, per the Magnolia Reporter's reading of county land records; the two entities' relationship is not further documented in the source. Status is as of April 2024 reporting and has NOT been re-verified - the mine may have changed hands, expanded or closed since. Confidence 'reported': the second citation is a reprint of the first, so this is effectively single-outlet sourcing.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Entergy",
      "notes": "Sited off County Road 12 adjacent to an Entergy power supply."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "The facility inquired about obtaining up to 200,000 gallons per month during hot months, which would make it the Dorcheat Rural Water Association's largest customer. Recorded in the units the source states; no monthly-to-daily conversion is made and reportedMgd is deliberately left unset, because the figure is an inquiry about availability rather than a reported withdrawal."
    },
    "landAcres": 8.1,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Macedonia residents objected to continuous noise. John Ed Stewart, living 200-600 yards away, said 'It's this buzzing (when it is going) and - it never stops'; Devona Powell, about a mile away, said 'It gets monotonous to listen to it.' Columbia County imposed a 65-decibel limit by emergency ordinance on 2023-07-31, and Stewart recorded levels reaching 78 decibels.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "we-energies-oak-creek-natural-gas-wi",
    "name": "We Energies Oak Creek Natural Gas Generating Units",
    "operator": "We Energies (WEC Energy Group)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.8858,
      "lon": -87.8347,
      "city": "Oak Creek",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1100
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-05-22",
        "note": "Wisconsin Public Service Commission approved We Energies' plan to build gas generation at Oak Creek and Paris, part of a package of more than $1.5 billion.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Construction beginning 2025, with completion expected in late 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/public-service-commission-approves-we-energies-plan-wisconsin-natural-gas-plants",
        "label": "Public Service Commission approves We Energies' plan to build new Wisconsin natural gas plants",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/utilities/wepco-gas-data-centers",
        "label": "Wisconsin utility's data center-driven gas expansion meets skepticism",
        "publisher": "Canary Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "Built explicitly against data center demand: PSC Commissioner Kristy Nieto noted We Energies faces 'significant data center development' expected to require about 1,800 MW of capacity, of which the utility seeks to meet roughly 1,228 MW; the PSC later ruled data centers must pay 100% of the cost of the two new gas plants rather than 75%. investmentUsd records the stated 'more than $1.2 billion' figure as a floor; one source puts it nearer $1.3 billion. Coordinates are the existing Oak Creek power plant site. Verify current construction progress before publication — sources differ on whether the units are still 'proposed' or building.",
    "investmentUsd": 1200000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Data center load in We Energies' southeastern Wisconsin territory (Microsoft, Vantage/OpenAI/Oracle)",
      "notes": "Replaces aging coal units at the South Oak Creek plant (two units offline in 2024, two retired in 2025). Expected to emit more than 1.3 million tons of greenhouse gas annually, roughly 3.6 million tons less than continuing coal operations. Associated proposed components include an LNG storage terminal at Oak Creek (~$520 million) and the 33-mile Rochester Lateral pipeline (~$210 million)."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "we-energies-paris-rice-wi",
    "name": "We Energies Paris Generating Station RICE Units",
    "operator": "We Energies (WEC Energy Group)",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.6489,
      "lon": -88.0087,
      "city": "Paris",
      "county": "Kenosha",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 128
    },
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2025-05-22",
        "note": "Approved by the Wisconsin Public Service Commission alongside the Oak Creek gas project.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "Construction beginning 2025, with completion expected in late 2027.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/public-service-commission-approves-we-energies-plan-wisconsin-natural-gas-plants",
        "label": "Public Service Commission approves We Energies' plan to build new Wisconsin natural gas plants",
        "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/utilities/wepco-gas-data-centers",
        "label": "Wisconsin utility's data center-driven gas expansion meets skepticism",
        "publisher": "Canary Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "The smaller of the two We Energies gas projects the PSC approved on May 22, 2025 to serve southeastern Wisconsin data center load. investmentUsd records the stated 'more than $270 million' figure as a floor; one source puts it nearer $300 million. Coordinates are a town-level locator near the existing Paris peaker site.",
    "investmentUsd": 270000000,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Data center load in We Energies' southeastern Wisconsin territory (Microsoft, Vantage/OpenAI/Oracle)",
      "unitCount": 7,
      "notes": "Seven reciprocating internal combustion engines complementing the existing Paris peaker plant; expected to emit up to about 590,000 tons of greenhouse gas annually."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wells-draw-energy-duchesne-county-ut",
    "name": "Wells Draw Energy Natural Gas Power Plant",
    "operator": "Wells Draw Energy, LLC",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.193,
      "lon": -110.0568,
      "city": "Myton",
      "county": "Duchesne",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 400
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026-04-02",
        "note": "Duchesne County Planning Commission approved the conditional-use permit alongside the Nine Mile Data Center application.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://uintahbasindatacenter.com/infrastructure.html",
        "label": "Infrastructure — Uintah Basin Data Center Project Information",
        "publisher": "Uintah Basin Data Center Project",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.basinnow.com/public-hearing-scheduled-on-nine-mile-data-llc-conditional-use-permit/",
        "label": "Public Hearing Scheduled On Nine Mile Data LLC Conditional Use Permit",
        "publisher": "Basin Now",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://duchesne.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Wells-Draw-Energy-LLC-Natural-Gas-Power-Plant-Findings-Report-040226.pdf",
        "label": "Duchesne County Planning Commission Findings Report — Wells Draw Energy LLC natural gas power plant",
        "publisher": "Duchesne County, Utah",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://duchesne.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Wells-Draw-Energy-LLC-Solar-Power-Plant-Findings-Report-040226.pdf",
        "label": "Duchesne County findings report — Wells Draw Energy, LLC solar power plant",
        "publisher": "Duchesne County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-04",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-04",
    "notes": "400MW natural gas plant sited to power the adjacent Nine Mile Data Center; not previously tracked as a distinct facility. Findings Report states the site is \"200 acres within a larger 609-acre area along Wells Draw Road\" — landAcres records the 200-acre project footprint, not the larger area. Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-04): no executed site-level subsidy. The solar findings report carries the county's standard ordinance clause that a development agreement or payment-in-lieu-of-taxes arrangement \"may be necessary\" before construction begins, but that language is boilerplate applied to all large-scale solar permits rather than a term negotiated for this project, and no executed agreement was located. Eligibility under an ordinance clause is not an award.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "utility": "Moon Lake Electric Association",
      "notes": "Duchesne County Planning Commission Findings Report names \"Moon Lake Electric Association as a retail electric provider\"; the on-site plant is the primary supply, with the co-op as the interconnect."
    },
    "landAcres": 200,
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "Nine Mile Data, LLC",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "nine-mile-data-myton-duchesne-county-ut"
      ],
      "notes": "Behind-the-meter gas plant co-permitted alongside the adjacent Nine Mile Data Center and reWater LLC water-recycling facility."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wells-interconnection-milwaukee-wi",
    "name": "Wells Interconnection Data Center (Wells Building)",
    "operator": "Wells Interconnection",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 43.0389885,
      "lon": -87.9069379,
      "city": "Milwaukee",
      "county": "Milwaukee",
      "street": "324 E. Wisconsin Ave.",
      "postalCode": "53202",
      "state": "WI",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://inflect.com/324-east-wisconsin-avenue-milwaukee/wells-interconnection/datacenter/324-e-wisconsin",
        "label": "Wells Interconnection 324 E Wisconsin — carrier-hotel facility listing",
        "publisher": "Inflect",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/data-center-community-heres-map-131352571.html",
        "label": "Is there a data center in your community? Here's a map of the data centers in Wisconsin (lists \"1547 Critical Systems Realty, Milwaukee\")",
        "publisher": "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel via Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=324+E+Wisconsin+Ave%2C+Milwaukee%2C+WI+53202&format=json&limit=1&addressdetails=1",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim geocode of the Wells Building, 324 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee (coordinate provenance)",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Downtown Milwaukee carrier hotel in the historic Wells Building, offering cabinets and cages with seven on-net networks. The building is a shared carrier-hotel address: Cogent Communications, Netwurx and TSR Solutions all list space at 324 E. Wisconsin Ave. and the Journal Sentinel's map records the building under 1547 Critical Systems Realty, which owns it. Those tenant listings are deliberately NOT emitted as separate facilities — they would double-count this one site. Because the building owner (1547) and the facility operator (Wells Interconnection) are reported differently by different sources, this is recorded as \"reported\", not \"confirmed\", and no MW or square footage is asserted.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "westblock-shiprock-nm",
    "name": "WestBlock Capital Bitcoin Mine (Shiprock)",
    "operator": "WestBlock Capital",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.7867,
      "lon": -108.6866,
      "city": "Shiprock",
      "county": "San Juan",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 15,
      "operational": 7
    },
    "announcedDate": "2018",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://futurism.com/navajo-bitcoin-mine-startup",
        "label": "Startup Criticized for Bitcoin Mine in Impoverished Navajo Community",
        "publisher": "Futurism",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/financial-colonialism-a-bitcoin-mine-in-navajo-nation-flares-tensions/",
        "label": "'Financial Colonialism': A Bitcoin Mine in Navajo Nation Flares Tensions",
        "publisher": "Vice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/11/10/why-shouldnt-the-navajo-mine-bitcoin",
        "label": "Why Shouldn't the Navajo Mine Bitcoin?",
        "publisher": "CoinDesk",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "WestBlock Capital (Calgary, AB) began mining bitcoin near Shiprock, San Juan County, NM in 2018/2019 on Navajo Nation land, drawing from a 7 MW (later 15 MW, expanded by Jan 2022) NTUA substation load that had been sitting unused; NTUA sold the underutilized capacity near-at-cost. Company was acquired by Luxxfolio Holdings Inc. (2021). Framed by Vice/Coindesk (Nov 2021) as 'financial/monetary colonialism' — Navajo community reaction was contested, citing residents without electricity/running water near a mine paying ~$48K tax + ~$60K land-lease revenue over the prior several years. STATUS: per WebSearch-surfaced OTC Markets / Luxxfolio filings (not independently page-verified this session — direct fetch attempts to otcmarkets.com and gem.wiki both failed, timeout/403), WestBlock LLC idled operations around 2022-11-23 and went non-operating by 2022-11-30 following an NTUA access restriction tied to non-payment and a default notice (~$1.155M). Treat the closure date/details as reported-not-confirmed pending a direct read of the primary filing; the site's existence, location, and 2018-2022 operating history ARE independently confirmed via Futurism/Vice/Coindesk.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA)",
      "notes": "Powered by NTUA on a five-year land lease. The utility's supply mix at the time was reported as roughly 60% renewable, drawn from solar, hydroelectric, nuclear and natural gas. Reported tribal revenue was about $48,000 in utility tax over three years and about $60,000 in land lease payments over five years."
    },
    "landAcres": 1.3,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested"
    },
    "facilityType": "crypto_mining",
    "mining": {
      "powerArrangement": "grid"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "westdulles-iron-horse-hanover-va",
    "name": "Iron Horse Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "WestDulles Properties",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 37.762,
      "lon": -77.44,
      "county": "Hanover",
      "street": "10171 E. Patrick Henry Road",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-06-18",
        "note": "Hanover Planning Commission voted unanimously in mid-June 2026 to defer consideration until July 16 at the developer's request. Latest iteration of a zoning application filed in early 2025, after a similar project on the site was rejected by supervisors the prior year.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20260724010609/https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/06/26/one-data-center-project-pulled-and-another-delayed-in-hanover-as-supervisors-reinstitute-equipment-tax/",
        "label": "One data center project pulled and another delayed in Hanover, as supervisors reinstitute equipment tax (archived)",
        "publisher": "Richmond BizSense",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.12onyourside.com/2026/06/19/iron-horse-data-center-proposal-deferred-hanover-county/",
        "label": "Iron Horse data center proposal deferred in Hanover County",
        "publisher": "WWBT NBC12",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Zoning sought for data center facilities on 78 acres (rezoning from mixed use to limited industrial, plus a height waiver to 75 feet) within an overall 180-acre campus straddling the Hanover–Ashland line; the Ashland portion was approved by town council in 2024. LLCs tied to WestDulles own the campus properties. landAcres records the overall 180-acre campus, not the 78-acre rezoning request. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the cited street address.",
    "landAcres": 180,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "western-hospitality-childersburg-al",
    "name": "Western Hospitality Childersburg Campus",
    "operator": "Western Hospitality Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.2781686,
      "lon": -86.3549774,
      "city": "Childersburg",
      "county": "Talladega",
      "state": "AL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/western-hospitality-childersburg-campus",
        "label": "Western Hospitality: Childersburg Campus",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "⚠️ WEAKEST-SOURCED RECORD IN THIS SET — flagged deliberately. The only source successfully fetched in this run is Baxtel, a data-center marketplace aggregator, which states: Childersburg Industrial Park (formerly the Alabama Ordnance Works), 486 acres, \"a $6 billion proposed investment\", \"advanced glycol-based closed-loop cooling\", \"over 200 permanent positions and approximately 2,000 construction jobs\", status \"Future facility in planning with land secured\", year planned 2029, currently in due-diligence assessment of environmental readiness for the former military site. confidence is therefore \"reported\", not \"confirmed\". FIGURES DELIBERATELY OMITTED because no fetched source states them: a 500 MW capacity (asserted by cleanview.co and servercountry.org, neither cited here) and a ~$17 million city land-purchase agreement for the 486 acres (search-summary only). Primary coverage by Inside Climate News (23 Jan 2026, \"This Small Alabama Town Was Part of the Manhattan Project...\") returned HTTP 403 to both WebFetch and curl, and the WBHM syndication returned 404, so neither is cited. NEXT STEP for a maintainer: Childersburg City Council minutes should carry the purchase-service agreement for the 486 acres and would upgrade this record to confirmed with a primary document. Coordinates are the Childersburg municipal centroid, NOT the industrial-park parcel — \"Childersburg Industrial Park\" and \"Alabama Ordnance Works\" both return empty from Nominatim. Site history: the Alabama Ordnance Works / Alabama Army Ammunition Plant, a WWII-era Manhattan Project-adjacent munitions site, which is why environmental due diligence is the gating step.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Source describes \"advanced glycol-based closed-loop cooling\" intended \"to minimize local water impact\" — an explicitly recirculating circuit, so closed_loop under the cooling decision rule even though heat is ultimately rejected without evaporative water use. No withdrawal or consumption figure is stated."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 486,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 2000,
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "western-hospitality-partners-commerce-parkway-oldham-ky",
    "name": "Western Hospitality Partners Commerce Parkway Data Center",
    "operator": "Western Hospitality Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.3939431,
      "lon": -85.4092775,
      "city": "La Grange",
      "county": "Oldham",
      "street": "3210 D.W. Griffith Lane",
      "postalCode": "40032",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/oldham-county-data-center-replace-160523680.html",
        "label": "Will an Oldham County data center replace Sauerbeck Family Drive-In? What we know",
        "publisher": "Louisville Courier Journal (via Yahoo News)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://kentuckylantern.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EPIC-REPORT-NO-2026-001-FINAL.pdf",
        "label": "EPIC Report No. 2026-001, Data Centers in Kentucky (§I.B lists Oldham County among counties with projects under consideration)",
        "publisher": "Kentucky Energy Planning and Inventory Commission",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://hoptownchronicle.org/see-where-data-center-developers-are-looking-to-build-in-kentucky",
        "label": "See where data center developers are looking to build in Kentucky (project tracker: Oldham County, Western Hospitality Partners, planned, relocated after resident pushback)",
        "publisher": "Hoptown Chronicle / Kentucky Lantern",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Sauerbeck+Drive-In%2C+Oldham+County%2C+Kentucky&format=json&limit=3",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap/Nominatim record for Sauerbeck Family Drive In, 3210 D. W. Griffith Lane, Oldham County, KY 40032",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "The relocated, downsized successor to the developer's 267-acre 'Project Lincoln' proposal off Highway 53, which is tracked separately as cancelled. The new site is the roughly 88-acre Sauerbeck Family Drive-In property on D.W. Griffith Lane off Commerce Parkway; the drive-in's owner has said he would try to relocate his business within Oldham County if the sale proceeds, and the sale is not assured. The Kentucky Energy Planning and Inventory Commission's report and the Kentucky Lantern project tracker both still list the Oldham County project as planned as of mid-2026. Capacity, building count, square footage and investment for this new site are not established by the sources cited here and are deliberately omitted. Coordinates are the OpenStreetMap record for the drive-in property.",
    "landAcres": 88,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "western-hospitality-partners-pekin-il",
    "name": "Lutticken Farm Data Center (Pekin)",
    "operator": "Western Hospitality Partners",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.5847113,
      "lon": -89.58595,
      "city": "Pekin",
      "county": "Tazewell",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Mayor Mary Burress announced on 9 March 2026 that the city would not move forward; the developer formally terminated the purchase agreement in a 5 May 2026 letter.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nprillinois.org/illinois/2026-03-09/data-center-wont-be-built-in-pekin",
        "label": "Data center won't be built in Pekin",
        "publisher": "NPR Illinois",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "Proposed on roughly one third of the city-owned 1,000-acre Lutticken Farm property north of Lutticken Lake. Acreage is not recorded because the source gives only a fraction of the whole property; no capacity or investment figure was disclosed. Coordinates are the mapped Lutticken Lake feature and are approximate.",
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "The project drew vigorous opposition in Pekin and surrounding communities; the mayor's announcement that the city would not proceed drew applause from a packed council meeting, and a resident group, Protect Pekin, formed to oppose it.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "western-hospitality-partners-project-lincoln-oldham-county-ky",
    "name": "Project Lincoln: OC Data Center",
    "operator": "Western Hospitality Partners",
    "status": "cancelled",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.39861,
      "lon": -85.375,
      "city": "La Grange",
      "county": "Oldham",
      "street": "3557 North Highway 53",
      "state": "KY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-03",
        "note": "Project Lincoln: OC Data Center application announced 2025-03-28 for a 267.3-acre site at 3557 North Highway 53, La Grange; required a Conditional Use Permit as a Private Utility Building since data centers lacked a specific zoning classification in Oldham County. Technical Review Committee was scheduled for 2025-04-16, Board of Adjustments & Appeals hearing expected May 2025.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "cancelled",
        "date": "2025-07",
        "note": "Original 267-acre application withdrawn amid opposition; Oldham County Fiscal Court passed a 150-day data-center moratorium 4-2 on 2025-07-02 with no exemption carved out for the pending Western Hospitality application. Developer pursued a smaller, relocated ~100 MW proposal at a different site (the Sauerbeck family drive-in theater property) within the county; baxtel.com's tracking record for this original filing lists status as 'Project cancelled before construction.'",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/6-billion-oc-data-center-planned-on-highway-53/article_af7b318a-fb9e-58fb-9b6f-c86c63b14f4d.html",
        "label": "$6 billion OC Data Center planned on Highway 53",
        "publisher": "Oldham Era",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-07-02/oldham-county-passes-sweeping-data-center-moratorium-executive-fired-over-recording",
        "label": "Oldham County passes sweeping data center moratorium, executive fired over recording",
        "publisher": "Louisville Public Media",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/project-lincoln",
        "label": "Project Lincoln Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "This record covers the original 267-acre 'Project Lincoln' filing. Confirmed absence: no source fetched in this run documents the final disposition of the smaller, relocated ~100MW alternative proposal — a maintainer should re-check before treating the whole Western Hospitality Partners effort in Oldham County as fully closed.",
    "investmentUsd": 6000000000,
    "landAcres": 267.3,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 150,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Organized opposition group 'We Are Oldham County' ('Some of the members of the fiscal court today voted to protect your rights' — Nate Oberg). Deputy Judge-Executive Joe Ender was fired by Judge-Executive David Voegele ('The reason for Mr. Ender's termination is my complete loss of faith in him') after secretly recording a 2025-05-22 meeting between county officials and Western Hospitality Partners representatives; Ender's attorney indicated a pending whistleblower lawsuit alleging Voegele made zoning-approval promises to the company in exchange for community amenities. Fiscal Court then passed the 150-day moratorium 4-2 on 2025-07-02.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "westin-building-digital-realty-seattle-sea10-wa",
    "name": "Westin Building (Digital Realty Seattle SEA10)",
    "operator": "Digital Realty",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 47.6143555,
      "lon": -122.3388637,
      "city": "Seattle",
      "county": "King",
      "street": "2001 6th Avenue",
      "postalCode": "98121",
      "state": "WA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/digital-realty-acquire-majority-stake-westin-building-exchange-seattle/",
        "label": "Data Center Dynamics: Digital Realty acquired majority/controlling stake and assumed operational oversight of the Westin",
        "publisher": "Digital Realty",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/223928497",
        "label": "OpenStreetMap way/223928497",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22",
        "kind": "osm"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Digital Realty holds ~98% ownership and manages/operates the facility (internally referenced as SEA10 per PeeringDB); the westinbldg.com site itself could not be reached in this session (connection error), so corroborated via DCD/PRNewswire/DataCenterKnowledge reporting instead.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "Seattle City Light"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "wf-industrial-yaphank-ny",
    "name": "Brookhaven Digital Infrastructure Facility (WF Industrial / Wildflower, Yaphank)",
    "operator": "WF Industrial (Wildflower)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.832188,
      "lon": -72.929969,
      "city": "Yaphank",
      "county": "Suffolk",
      "state": "NY",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 176.6
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07",
        "note": "Facing both a proposed 18-month Town of Brookhaven moratorium and a statewide NY moratorium on hyperscale (50MW+) data centers; developer states the project is still moving ahead.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.longislandpress.com/2026/07/15/moratorium-data-centers-state/",
        "label": "The debate about data centers as state leaders place moratorium",
        "publisher": "Long Island Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://longisland.news12.com/2026/06/26/proposed-ai-data-center-in-yaphank-meets-opposition-from-residents-and-town-leaders/4dG9mouCvXwvgvC6Mjsvkr",
        "label": "Proposed AI data center in Yaphank meets opposition from residents and town leaders",
        "publisher": "News 12 Long Island",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "No confirmed street address found as of 2026-09-13 -- sources describe the parcel only as 'west of Sills Road, north side of the LIE North Service Road' in Yaphank. Coordinates are the Yaphank hamlet centroid (OSM Nominatim), NOT the parcel -- disclosed here per contract rule H; do not treat as parcel-level precision.",
    "investmentUsd": 1000000000,
    "landAcres": 71,
    "jobs": {
      "construction": 1000,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Sits on a 71-acre site holding three existing empty warehouses, west of Sills Road on the north side of the LIE North Service Road, ~1,000 feet from a residential neighborhood. Brookhaven Town Supervisor Dan Panico proposed an 18-month town moratorium on data centers (expected to pass unanimously per a town spokesperson, reported 2026-07); other Suffolk town supervisors reportedly support it. New York State separately imposed a moratorium on new hyperscale (50MW+) data centers in 2026 that also covers this 176.6MW project. Residents cited electricity, water, and noise concerns. Developer (Michael Bowden, WF Industrial director of development) said as of 2026-06 the project was 'still moving ahead' and called the moratorium 'not necessary.' Project is projected to generate an estimated $40M/year in tax revenue for the Longwood School District per developer claims (not independently verified here).",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "white-cloud-acres-barnard-mo",
    "name": "White Cloud Acres",
    "operator": "Scale Microgrids",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.2528,
      "lon": -94.9436,
      "city": "Barnard",
      "county": "Nodaway",
      "street": "Near 35045 Jet Road, east of Highway 71",
      "state": "MO",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://nodaway.org/6270/proposed-4-billion-white-cloud-acres-ai-data-center-in-rural-barnard/",
        "label": "Proposed $4 Billion White Cloud Acres AI Data Center in Rural Barnard",
        "publisher": "Nodaway County, MO",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.kxcv.org/news/2026-03-11/with-little-public-notice-data-center-developers-consider-nodaway-county",
        "label": "With little public notice, data center developers consider Nodaway County",
        "publisher": "KXCV-KRNW",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-24",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-24",
    "notes": "Scale Microgrids (acquired by EQT Transition Infrastructure, Jan 2025) proposal remains in the planning/discussion phase as of 2026-04-29 reporting; Nodaway County enacted a temporary moratorium on new data center proposals dated 2026-07-21. Organized opposition group 'Nodaway Says No' has drawn 7,000+ petition signatures. Nodaway County has no zoning ordinance, limiting regulatory oversight.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Developer plans co-located on-site natural-gas generation; local reporting also associates the project with Evergy's separate ~440 MW Mullin Creek plant nearby, though Evergy describes Mullin Creek as general grid capacity, not a dedicated PPA."
    },
    "water": {
      "reportedMgd": 0.2,
      "notes": "~200,000 gallons/day per county reporting; cooling type not specified."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 4000000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "white-oak-technology-park-columbia-county-ga",
    "name": "White Oak Technology Park",
    "operator": "Trammell Crow Company (CBRE subsidiary)",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.6,
      "lon": -82.28,
      "city": "Appling",
      "county": "Columbia",
      "state": "GA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Grid — Georgia Power",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/plans-filed-for-8-million-sq-ft-data-center-and-technology-park-outside-augusta-georgia/",
        "label": "Plans filed for 8 million sq ft data center and technology park outside Augusta, Georgia",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/26/citizen-files-lawsuits-over-columbia-county-data-centers/",
        "label": "WRDW — Citizen files lawsuits over Columbia County data centers",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "8.076M sq ft across up to 29 buildings; 10-year build-out. Zoning rezoned to S-1 (Feb 2026), the first of several required approval steps. Described as a mixed-use tech park (data centers, R&D, cybersecurity), not AI-branded. A second, separate 'Pumpkin Technology Campus' was approved at the same Feb 2026 hearing in nearby Harlem, Columbia County GA - developer not identified in reporting reviewed, flagged as a lead only, not tracked as its own entry. Coordinates are approximate (near Augusta).",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Georgia Power"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 11600000000,
    "landAcres": 1945,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "Columbia County unanimously approved the White Oak rezoning with conditions (Feb 3, 2026), but a resident filed a judicial-review lawsuit (Feb 25, 2026) challenging the approval over an outdated traffic study, unverified water/sewer capacity, and an unreviewed access-route change.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "mixed_use"
  },
  {
    "id": "white-rose-project-kilo-south-elgin-il",
    "name": "Project Kilo Data Center (South Elgin)",
    "operator": "White Rose Partners",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 42.0007,
      "lon": -88.2795,
      "city": "South Elgin",
      "county": "Kane",
      "street": "33W304 Kenyon Road",
      "state": "IL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-12",
        "note": "Concept plan pending before the South Elgin Planning and Zoning Commission; the August 2026 hearing date was left undecided after two cancellations.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kane-county-chronicle/2026/07/28/data-center-developer-launches-website-to-allay-south-elgins-fears/",
        "label": "Data center developer launches website to allay South Elgin's fears",
        "publisher": "Shaw Local / Kane County Chronicle",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-12",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-12",
    "notes": "A 200,000 sq ft building proposed on 20 acres at the northwest corner of Kenyon Road and Illinois Route 25, in unincorporated Elgin Township adjoining South Elgin. Managing partner Jeff Eigenbrood; the land is owned by a former Kane County Board member. No power capacity has been disclosed. Coordinates are derived from the mapped extent of Kenyon Road and are approximate.",
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "closed_loop",
      "notes": "Developer describes a closed-loop system requiring a one-time fill of less than half an Olympic pool, with ongoing operational water use projected below that of two average single-family homes."
    },
    "landAcres": 20,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "An online petition against the project had 8,347 signatures as of 28 July 2026; the developer launched an informational website in response, characterising the objections as misinformation.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "whitefiber-nc1-madison-nc",
    "name": "WhiteFiber NC-1 AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "WhiteFiber (Bit Digital)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.3801,
      "lon": -79.9692,
      "city": "Madison",
      "county": "Rockingham",
      "state": "NC",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 200,
      "operational": 24
    },
    "poweredBy": "Duke Energy",
    "announcedDate": "2025",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2025",
        "note": "WhiteFiber (Bit Digital's AI unit) acquired a ~1M sq ft NC industrial property for an AI/HPC campus; Nscale signed a 10-year, 40 MW anchor colocation (~$865M TCV)",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08-15",
        "note": "WhiteFiber's Q2 2026 results report that NC-1 has moved from construction into customer deployment: initial capacity has been delivered, equipment startup and customer testing are underway, initial billing has commenced, and full contracted run-rate billing across the 40 MW of contracted IT load was expected during August 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 4
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nscale-agrees-865m-deal-for-40mw-of-space-at-whitefiber-data-center-in-north-carolina/",
        "label": "Nscale agrees $865m deal for 40MW of space at WhiteFiber data center in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.whitefiber.com/blog/nc-1-data-center",
        "label": "Announcing NC-1: New Flagship Data Center in North Carolina",
        "publisher": "WhiteFiber",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://bit-digital.com/press-releases/whitefiber-inc-bit-digitals-ai-unit-acquires-1000000-square-foot-north-carolina-industrial-property-to-support-up-to-200-mw-hpc-data-center-campus/",
        "label": "WhiteFiber (Bit Digital's AI unit) acquires North Carolina property; confirmed qualifying data center",
        "publisher": "Bit Digital",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.wfdd.org/2025-06-03/rockingham-county-set-to-welcome-a-1-billion-ai-data-center",
        "label": "Rockingham County set to welcome a $1 billion AI data center",
        "publisher": "WFDD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/whitefiber-inc-reports-second-quarter-2026-results-302848971.html",
        "label": "WhiteFiber, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results",
        "publisher": "WhiteFiber, Inc. via PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-29",
    "notes": "Operator is WhiteFiber (Bit Digital's AI unit); Nscale is the 40 MW anchor tenant (10-year, ~$865M total contract value = revenue, not capex — in notes). ~1M sq ft, up to 150 kW/cabinet, 99 MW secured from Duke Energy, 200 MW eventual site potential (planned figure). $150M WhiteFiber equity. Madison is in Rockingham County, NC. Coordinates are the Madison town centroid. Property acquired for $45M (2025, from Unifi); the total buildout described as 'over $1B' is conditional on reaching 200 MW -> investmentUsd omitted. ~60 permanent jobs (~$67k avg) were pledged (Rockingham County) - a commitment, with the facility still under construction -> jobs honest-zero. Cooling type not publicly disclosed -> water honest-zero.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "grid",
      "utility": "Duke Energy",
      "notes": "99 MW power agreement with Duke Energy (24 MW targeted for delivery ~Sept 1, 2025), scalable to 200 MW over time."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "North Carolina sales & use tax exemption for qualifying data centers (G.S. 105-164.13(55a)) - facility confirmed as a qualifying data center; no dollar value disclosed",
        "jurisdiction": "North Carolina",
        "year": "2025",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "landAcres": 96,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 60,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Officials welcomed the project at the June 2025 announcement (Governor, Rockingham County commissioners, Madison mayor); the site is a converted former Unifi textile plant (brownfield reuse). No documented opposition found.",
      "sourceIndex": 3
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "wildcat-ridge-archbald-lackawanna-county-pa",
    "name": "Wildcat Ridge AI Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Cornell Realty Management",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.51,
      "lon": -75.54,
      "city": "Archbald",
      "county": "Lackawanna",
      "state": "PA",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1600
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.desmog.com/2026/03/11/data-centers-are-poised-to-engulf-a-pennsylvania-town/",
        "label": "Data centers are poised to engulf a Pennsylvania town",
        "publisher": "DeSmog",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/21bn-data-center-campus-proposed-in-archbald-pennsylvania/",
        "label": "$2.1bn data center campus proposed in Archbald, Pennsylvania",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-26",
    "notes": "Business Route 6 / Wildcat Rd; 400-574 acres (a range across sources, so omitted from landAcres). 14 three-story buildings, ~17.2M sq ft total. In zoning approval process; developer 'resting its case' as of June 2026. One of three competing, previously-untracked proposals in the Lackawanna County cluster (see also Project Gravity and Triboro Industrial Park, both added this session). Coordinates are approximate.",
    "energy": {
      "utility": "PPL Electric"
    },
    "investmentUsd": 2100000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The Archbald Neighborhood Association submitted a draft ordinance amendment (Oct 2025) to restrict data centers to a single industrial-zoned site, and residents packed fall-2025 hearings demanding restrictions; the borough council approved the enabling zoning anyway on a divided Nov 24, 2025 vote.",
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "williams-aquila-eagle-mountain-ut",
    "name": "Williams Aquila Power Facility (Stadion parcel)",
    "operator": "The Williams Companies",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.30935,
      "lon": -112.01198,
      "city": "Eagle Mountain",
      "county": "Utah",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1390537.pdf",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain City Notice of Public Hearings — Williams Development Agreement (Planning Commission, February 24, 2026)",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain City via Utah Public Meeting Notice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1393921.pdf",
        "label": "Eagle Mountain Planning Commission Meeting agenda, February 24, 2026 — item 7.A Public Hearing/Action Item, Williams Development Agreement",
        "publisher": "Eagle Mountain City via Utah Public Meeting Notice",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-15",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked at the municipal tier (2026-09-05): no site-level subsidy found. The only public agreement located for the Stadion parcel is a Planning Commission zoning/development agreement (noise variance to 75 dB, above-ground power distribution lines, public-infrastructure obligations) with no tax-increment, abatement, or CRA participation content; a full-text search of every locatable Eagle Mountain RDA CRA project-area document (Sweetwater #3, #4, #5) for \"Stadion\", \"Aquila\", or \"Williams\" returned no hits. Utah's EDTIF programme excludes data centres and the UCA 59-12-104 exemption is self-executing.",
    "energy": {
      "notes": "Eagle Mountain City's own hearing documents describe the project verbatim: 'Williams is an independent power producer. They are looking to co-locate a natural gas power facility on the Stadion parcel to facilitate the Meta data center expansion. The new natural gas facility would be located on the Stadion property, which is zoned RTI. Pursuant to the Stadion development agreement, natural gas power is a permitted accessory use on the property.' Williams sought code exceptions — 'they are asking to be allowed to go up to 75 dB in sound. This exceeds the City's nighttime limit, which is 65dB' — and permission 'to use above ground power distribution lines on the property'. ⚠️ NO capacity figure is recorded: neither city document states MW. Secondary coverage circulates a 520 MW figure (two 200 MW sites, a 12.5-year Meta PPA, and an 18.9-mile Aquila Pipeline), but every page carrying it was 403 or did not mention Utah when opened, so it is deliberately NOT recorded here."
    },
    "community": {
      "notes": "The noise exception is the community-facing issue: Williams asked to exceed Eagle Mountain's 65 dB nighttime limit, which the city says 'is consistent with industrial noise limits in neighboring communities.' A public hearing was held 24 February 2026."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation"
  },
  {
    "id": "willow-lakes-west-midway-fort-pierce-fl",
    "name": "Willow Lakes Data Center (West Midway Road)",
    "operator": "Willow Lakes LLC (end operator undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.3742,
      "lon": -80.4104,
      "city": "Fort Pierce",
      "county": "St. Lucie",
      "street": "West Midway Road",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.wflx.com/2026/08/31/203-acre-data-center-proposed-western-st-lucie-county-near-interstate-95/",
        "label": "New data center proposed for western St. Lucie County near Interstate 95",
        "publisher": "WFLX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Minute+Maid+Road%2C+Saint+Lucie+County%2C+Florida&format=json",
        "label": "Nominatim geocode of the roads the sources name (Minute Maid Road, Orange Avenue/SR 68, West Midway Road, Saint Lucie County FL); the Minute Maid Rd/Orange Ave intersection node and the West Midway Rd/I-95 crossing longitude were then read from OpenStreetMap way geometry via the Overpass API",
        "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "osm"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Willow Lakes LLC filed a rezoning application in June 2026 to convert 174 of a 203-acre parcel at West Midway Road and I-95 from its current designation to light industrial for a data center (the remaining 26 acres would go general commercial for retail/hotel/gas station uses). The application states intent to bring in an unnamed partner company to develop and operate the facility; it cites existing FPL transmission lines crossing the site and an existing man-made lake floated as a potential closed-loop cooling source. Scheduled before the St. Lucie Planning and Zoning Board on September 17, 2026 as of the article date. The parcel was previously entitled for the since-abandoned Koa Bay Surf Park. No capacity, investment, or job figures were stated in the source. Coordinates corrected 2026-09-10: an earlier draft shared a pin with sentinel-grove-technology-park-fort-pierce-fl that sat about 10 km from this parcel. This pin is the West Midway Road / I-95 crossing the source names, derived from OpenStreetMap geometry (Midway Road runs east-west at latitude 27.3742 and I-95 crosses it at longitude -80.4104); precision is 'approximate' because no parcel or house number was published. Distinct from atlas-compute-ai-data-center-campus-fort-pierce-fl, which lies roughly 8 km northeast: Atlas Compute announced land and utilities already secured in November 2025, whereas this application states the applicant has yet to name or agree terms with a partner company as of August 2026, and this parcel was previously entitled for the abandoned Koa Bay Surf Park rather than sited in Midway Industrial Park.",
    "landAcres": 174,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "winchester-gateway-data-center-frederick-va",
    "name": "Winchester Gateway",
    "operator": "Winchester Gateway LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 39.1442224,
      "lon": -78.1980384,
      "city": "Winchester",
      "county": "Frederick",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Conditional-use permit application for three data center buildings, a substation, and a stormwater pond on M1-zoned land in the Kernstown area; Frederick County's Historic Resources Advisory Board recommended denial, with a Planning Commission vote scheduled for September 2, 2026.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.nvdaily.com/nvdaily/panel-recommends-denial-of-winchester-gateway-data-center-proposal/article_228ead16-7a9b-5e08-bf16-54cd65670acc.html",
        "label": "Panel recommends denial of Winchester Gateway data center proposal",
        "publisher": "Northern Virginia Daily",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenter.fyi/public-record/winchester-gateway-llc-cef8563d",
        "label": "Winchester Gateway LLC — public record",
        "publisher": "datacenter.fyi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-26",
    "landAcres": 72,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "windstream-wholesale-oklahoma-city-ok",
    "name": "Windstream Wholesale Oklahoma City Data Center",
    "operator": "Windstream",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.4791,
      "lon": -97.5142,
      "city": "Oklahoma City",
      "county": "Oklahoma",
      "street": "825 N Broadway Ave",
      "state": "OK",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "note": "Listed as an operational downtown Oklahoma City carrier facility.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.newson6.com/tulsa-oklahoma-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "What data centers are being built in Oklahoma? — Windstream Wholesale, 825 N Broadway",
        "publisher": "News On 6 (KOTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/where-are-data-centers-are-being-built-oklahoma-list",
        "label": "Where are data centers being built across Oklahoma? — Windstream Wholesale",
        "publisher": "News 9 (KWTV)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-02",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-02",
    "notes": "Downtown Oklahoma City carrier/wholesale facility at 825 North Broadway Avenue. Coordinates are an approximate geocode of the street address.",
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "windy-lane-energy-center-de-baca-county-nm",
    "name": "Windy Lane Energy Center",
    "operator": "NextEra Energy Resources",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.4717,
      "lon": -104.2458,
      "city": "Fort Sumner",
      "county": "De Baca",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 90
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-07-04",
        "note": "PNM asked the NMPRC to approve the 20-year offtake agreement, seeking a decision before December 31, 2025. No NMPRC final decision was located in this session, so the status reflects only what the cited source supports.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/new-mexico-utility-seeks-approval-of-hybrid-bess-offtake-contracts-to-power-meta-data-centres/",
        "label": "New Mexico utility seeks approval of hybrid BESS offtake contracts to power Meta data centres",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "filing"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Coordinate is the Fort Sumner locality anchor for De Baca County; the cited source names only the county, so this is a county-level approximation and not a parcel-confirmed point. Status is pinned to what the July 2025 source supports and should be refreshed against the NMPRC docket.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "solar",
      "utility": "Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)",
      "notes": "90 MW of solar with a 68 MW / 272 MWh battery system under a 20-year agreement with PNM, priced at $37.52/MWh for solar and $19.91/MWh for storage, targeting a December 1, 2026 commercial operation date."
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "solar",
      "offtaker": "Meta",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "meta-los-lunas-ai-nm"
      ],
      "notes": "One of three hybrid solar-plus-storage contracts PNM sought to add to its existing agreement with Meta to serve the expanding load of the Los Lunas data center buildings."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wintersburg-313-tonopah-az",
    "name": "Wintersburg 313",
    "operator": "313 Wintersburg LLC and Wintersburg Four LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.472,
      "lon": -112.911,
      "city": "Tonopah",
      "county": "Maricopa",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-05-07",
        "note": "Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission voted 7-0 to recommend approval of comprehensive plan amendment CPA250011 (Community Retail Center to Industrial in the Tonopah/Arlington Area Plan) and zone change Z250034 (Rural-43 to IND-3 IUPD); placed on the June 10, 2026 Board of Supervisors consent agenda.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.maricopa.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Item/10316?fileID=100604",
        "label": "Maricopa County Board of Supervisors' Hearing Planning and Zoning Agenda, June 10, 2026 (cases CPA250011 and Z250034, Wintersburg 313)",
        "publisher": "Maricopa County",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-28",
        "kind": "permit"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-28",
    "notes": "Northwest corner of Encanto Boulevard and Wintersburg Road in the Tonopah area. Data center use is established by the zoning conditions themselves, which set data-center-specific loading (1 space per 250,000 sq ft) and parking (1 space per 5,000 sq ft) standards. Conditions also require at least 20 acres preserved for commercial development and an archaeological/historical review filed with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office before ground disturbance. Total acreage is not stated in the agenda text; recorded status reflects the commission recommendation, not a confirmed Board vote.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Zoning conditions set a 150-foot maximum height for energy production structures and exclude solar panels, battery energy storage containers and ancillary electric generation structures from lot-coverage calculations, indicating on-site solar and storage alongside the data center use. No MW figures in the case record."
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "wiscasset-proposed-me",
    "name": "Wiscasset Data Center (Old Ferry Road Site)",
    "operator": "Unnamed developer (NDA with town)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 44.0015,
      "lon": -69.6553,
      "city": "Wiscasset",
      "county": "Lincoln",
      "state": "ME",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "poweredBy": "Not disclosed",
    "announcedDate": "2025-09",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-09",
        "note": "Unnamed developer approaches Wiscasset about data center on 200-acre Old Ferry Road parcel adjacent to former Maine Yankee plant; town signs NDA in August 2025. Investment size reported in press at announcement but not independently verifiable from resolvable sources.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-11",
        "note": "Wiscasset selectboard reportedly votes to pause data center discussions November 4, 2025; Lincoln County rescinds $240,000 ARPA housing funds (confirmed); selectboard establishes competitive bidding process",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.centralmaine.com/2025/11/03/wiscasset-loses-arpa-funding-after-data-center-proposal-confusion/",
        "label": "Wiscasset Loses ARPA Funding After Data Center Proposal, Confusion",
        "publisher": "Central Maine",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://mainemorningstar.com/2026/02/23/as-data-centers-look-to-rural-new-england-maine-considers-a-moratorium/",
        "label": "As Data Centers Look to Rural New England, Maine Considers a Moratorium",
        "publisher": "Maine Morning Star",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd",
        "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)",
        "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-23",
    "notes": "Coordinates are approximate, based on Wiscasset area near former Maine Yankee site. Developer identity remains undisclosed per NDA. As of March 2026 Lincoln County reallocated ARPA funds to Waldoboro and Newcastle. Land remains undeveloped. investmentUsd removed: the $5B figure was cited in press at announcement but is not present in the Central Maine article (the only resolvable primary source) and could not be confirmed from any URL that returned content; Maine Morning Star (secondary source) returned HTTP 403. Operator field lists 'Unnamed developer (NDA with town)' as that is the factual status.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "utility": "Central Maine Power",
      "notes": "Power source not disclosed. Site is adjacent to former Maine Yankee Atomic Energy Plant on the Sheepscot River. Town signed NDA with developer in August 2025 prohibiting disclosure of developer identity."
    },
    "landAcres": 200,
    "community": {
      "status": "opposed",
      "notes": "Grassroots group Protect Wiscasset formed by Richard Davis. Selectboard reportedly voted November 4, 2025 to pause data center discussions (primary source was published November 3, pre-vote). Lincoln County rescinded $240,000 in ARPA affordable housing funds from Wiscasset citing incompatibility between data center and housing on the same parcel. RePower Wiscasset also formed in opposition.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "wise-innovation-hub-wise-va",
    "name": "Wise Innovation Hub (OASIS)",
    "operator": "Wise Innovation Hub Venture LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 36.99,
      "lon": -82.53,
      "county": "Wise",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 600
    },
    "poweredBy": "Red Post Energy Group (Maverick Project)",
    "announcedDate": "2025-12",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-12-18",
        "note": "Wise Innovation Hub Venture executed an LOI with Red Post Energy Group for phased power infrastructure",
        "sourceIndex": 3
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/02/25/data-center-complex-with-gas-power-plant-planned-for-wise-county/",
        "label": "Data center complex with gas power plant planned for Wise County",
        "publisher": "Cardinal News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/wise-data-center-developers-explore-hydrogen-power/",
        "label": "Data center developers seek on-site energy in Wise",
        "publisher": "Virginia Business",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://elevatewisecounty.com/top-industries/data-centers/",
        "label": "Data Centers — Wise County Economic Development",
        "publisher": "Wise County Economic Development",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/red-post-energy-and-wise-innovation-hub-venture-oasis-execute-letter-of-intent-to-advance-power-infrastructure-for-major-data-center-development-in-southwest-virginia-302645511.html",
        "label": "Red Post Energy and Wise Innovation Hub Venture (OASIS) Execute Letter of Intent to Advance Power Infrastructure for Major Data Center Development in Southwest Virginia",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://appvoices.org/2026/03/13/wise-county-maverick-project/",
        "label": "Wise County considers new gas infrastructure for data center project",
        "publisher": "Appalachian Voices",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Phased technology/data-center hub planned over ~10 years at the Lonesome Pine Regional Business & Technology Park (adjacent to Lonesome Pine Regional Airport) on former mined land in Wise County — a multi-tenant cluster co-located with the existing Mineral Gap data center. Developer Wise Innovation Hub Venture LLC (branded 'OASIS') signed a 2025-12-18 LOI with Red Post Energy for dedicated power; compute capacity and named end-users not yet disclosed, so capacity is omitted.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "other",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 600,
      "notes": "To be served by the phased Maverick Project (up to 600 MW; hydrogen preferred, natural gas fallback) developed by Red Post Energy Group."
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Appalachian Voices reports Wise County residents learned of the project in late 2025 through a LinkedIn post rather than official county channels and raised transparency concerns; as of early March 2026 no additional public information was available. Appalachian Voices opposes the gas approach and advocates renewables instead, citing the solar array serving the nearby Mineral Gap data center.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "wylie-capital-broadway-merrillville-in",
    "name": "Wylie Capital Broadway Data Center",
    "operator": "Wylie Capital",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 41.4828,
      "lon": -87.3328,
      "city": "Merrillville",
      "county": "Lake",
      "state": "IN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-02-11",
        "note": "Reported as one of three early-stage Merrillville data center proposals.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/2b-in-data-center-projects-planned-for-merrillville-ind",
        "label": "$2B+ in Data Center Projects Planned for Merrillville, Ind.",
        "publisher": "Government Technology",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
    "notes": "A 1.2 million sq ft data center at Broadway, 93rd Avenue and Georgia Street in Merrillville, described as an early-stage proposal. Merrillville adopted a data center moratorium running 2026-06-01 through 2027-05-31.",
    "investmentUsd": 600000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 200,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-colossus-1-turbines-memphis-tn",
    "name": "CTC Property Gas Turbine Plant (Colossus 1)",
    "operator": "CTC Property LLC (xAI subsidiary)",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0600392,
      "lon": -90.1520249,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "3231 Paul R Lowry Road",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-07-02",
        "note": "Shelby County Health Department issued Air Permit No. 01156-01PC to CTC Property LLC for 15 permanent natural-gas turbines at the Paul R Lowry Road site.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2025-12-15",
        "note": "Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board voted 6-1 to dismiss the NAACP/Young, Gifted & Green appeal of Permit No. 01156-01PC on grounds of mootness, ending the appeal-triggered stay. As of that hearing, all temporary (unpermitted) turbines at the site had reportedly been decommissioned, leaving the 15 permitted turbines in operation.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/NAACP-and-YGGs-xAI-Air-Permit-Appeal-7-15-2025.pdf",
        "label": "Appeal of Air Permit No. 01156-01PC for CTC Property LLC and the Accompanying Decision Regarding \"Temporary\" Combustion Turbines (NAACP & Young, Gifted & Green, filed with the Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board, July 16, 2025)",
        "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center, on behalf of NAACP and Young, Gifted & Green",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://naacp.org/sites/default/files/documents/1%20-%20Complaint.pdf",
        "label": "Complaint, NAACP and Mississippi State Conference of the NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, Case No. 3:26-cv-00074-MPM-JMV (U.S. District Court, N.D. Mississippi, filed April 14, 2026)",
        "publisher": "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/memphis-board-dismisses-appeal-xai-221643600.html",
        "label": "Memphis board dismisses appeal of xAI turbines permit at Colossus 1",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.fox13memphis.com/health/shelby-county-permits-15-turbines-at-xai-supercomputer-environmentalists-to-conduct-air-testing/article_01244e83-03fc-41f3-979c-abc3a944cf1b.html",
        "label": "Shelby County permits 15 turbines at XAI supercomputer, environmentalists to conduct air testing",
        "publisher": "FOX13 Memphis",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/12/16/shelby-co-air-pollution-control-board-denies-appeal-over-xais-turbine-use-citing-mootness/",
        "label": "Shelby Co. Air Pollution Control Board denies appeal over xAI's turbine use, citing 'mootness'",
        "publisher": "Action News 5 (WMC)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Rebuilt from primary documents to resolve last wave's hold: the sole prior source was gem.wiki (an aggregator), unacceptable sourcing for this site. This record is justified as a SEPARATE power_generation record (not a duplicate of the live xai-colossus-memphis-tn data_center record's energy field) following this dataset's own established convention for behind-the-meter, single-offtaker generation plants co-located with the data center they power -- see e.g. crusoe-abilene-onsite-generation-tx / lancium-crusoe-abilene-tx, or voltagrid-covington-power-plant-ga / serverfarm-covington-hazelbrand-ga, where the host record keeps a brief energy summary and the power_generation record carries the permit-level detail. A companion refresh finding recommends the live xai-colossus-memphis-tn record's energy.notes be corrected to reflect the appeal's dismissal (no longer 'stays' the permit) and that its two Wikipedia citations be supplemented with primary/official replacements.",
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "The NAACP and Young, Gifted & Green appealed SCHD's July 2, 2025 permit decision and its accompanying 'Nonroad Engine Decision' (which exempted temporary turbines from permitting) to the Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board; the appeal argued CTC was an existing major stationary source of air pollution (already operating at least 22 unpermitted turbines when the permit issued) that had been wrongly classified as a new greenfield facility. The Board dismissed the appeal as moot on 2025-12-15 (6-1 vote), after which one SELC attorney said the fight 'could be a federal case, could even go up to the Supreme Court.' A federal Clean Air Act suit was subsequently filed 2026-04-14 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi (NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00074) -- but its claims and requested relief target xAI's separate 'Colossus Gas Plant' at 2875 Stanton Road South, Southaven, Mississippi (owned by MZX Tech LLC, a different xAI subsidiary), not this Memphis facility or CTC Property LLC, which is not a named defendant. That complaint cites this Paul R Lowry Road facility's history only as background evidence of a company-wide pattern (paragraphs 192-202), quoting an xAI-side executive as saying the company would be 'copying and pasting' its Colossus 1 turbine approach elsewhere. Because the county-level appeal against THIS facility is resolved (dismissed) and no live litigation names CTC Property LLC or this permit, status is set to 'contested' rather than 'litigation.'",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "xAI",
      "poweredFacilityIds": [
        "xai-colossus-memphis-tn"
      ],
      "unitCount": 15,
      "notes": "Shelby County Health Department (SCHD) issued Air Permit No. 01156-01PC to CTC Property LLC, a wholly owned xAI subsidiary leasing the Paul R Lowry Road parcel since March 22, 2024, on July 2, 2025 -- covering 15 gas turbines CTC 'intends to operate on a permanent basis' (quote from the NAACP/Young, Gifted & Green appeal brief). At peak (per satellite-imagery analysis in the same appeal brief, March 2025) the site hosted 35 turbines of mixed models (Solar SMT-130, SMT-60, GE Vernova 2500, Solaris GE LM2500+G4, Solar/Caterpillar XQ5200) totaling approximately 421.4 MW combined nameplate; the federal complaint filed 2026-04-14 independently corroborates 35 turbines / 421.4 MW as of March 31, 2025. No primary source fetched this run states the MW total specifically covered by the 15 permanently-permitted turbines (as opposed to the peak/historical 35-turbine, 421 MW figure) -- omitted rather than estimated by subtracting turbine models, which the underlying tables do not cleanly support without guessing which models were decommissioned. Per this repo's standing rule, PTE (potential-to-emit) tonnages calculated in the appeal brief's own emissions tables are the appellants' litigation exhibit, not a permit-imposed ceiling, and are not recorded here."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn",
    "name": "Colossus 2 (Whitehaven)",
    "operator": "xAI",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.997983,
      "lon": -90.0348672,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "5400 Tulane Road",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2025-02",
        "note": "xAI affiliate CTC Properties buys three parcels on Tulane Road in Whitehaven for about $80m.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "First major GPU cluster, about 110,000 Nvidia GB200-class processors and roughly 210 MW, came online after a build of about 91 days.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250517234219/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/elon-musks-xai-buys-one-million-sq-ft-site-for-second-memphis-data-center/",
        "label": "Elon Musk's xAI buys 1 million sq ft site for second Memphis data center",
        "publisher": "DataCenterDynamics (archived)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(data_center)",
        "label": "Colossus (data center)",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Second, physically separate xAI Memphis site, distinct from the Colossus campus at 3231 Paul R Lowry Road in Boxtown. DCD (2025-03-10) reports xAI affiliate CTC Properties bought three parcels at 5400 Tulane Road in Whitehaven for $80m: an existing 1 million sq ft warehouse plus two adjacent sites totalling 100 acres. The $80m figure is the land purchase price recorded in property records, not total project investment. ADDRESS DISCREPANCY: DCD gives 5400 Tulane Road; Wikipedia gives 5420 Tulane Road. 5400 is recorded because it is the figure in the earlier, better-attributed source, and the coordinates are a geocode of that address, not a confirmed parcel boundary. Status moved to operational on Wikipedia's account that the first major cluster came online around January 2026; Wikipedia is a weak source and this is the reason confidence stays at 'confirmed' only for the site's existence, not for its capacity. No capacityMw is recorded: Memphis Light Gas and Water was asked for a system-impact study for up to 260MW and xAI's Brent Mayo said the site could host up to 350,000 GPUs, but both are stated intentions, and the widely quoted 1 GW / 2 GW figures were not confirmed in any source fetched for this record. POWER IS LARGELY OUT OF STATE: the behind-the-meter gas-turbine plant reported to serve this site sits at Stanton Road in Southaven, MISSISSIPPI, so it is not a Tennessee facility and is deliberately not recorded here. PIN CORRECTED 2026-09-13: the previous coordinate (34.999654,-90.04295) was a bare OSM address POINT for 5400 Tulane Road (place=house, ~11m x 9m, no building geometry), sitting 759 m from the warehouse it was meant to mark. The pin is now the centroid of OSM building way 1386926534, explicitly tagged name=\"xAI Macrohard Colossus 2\", operator=xAI, telecom=data_center, addr:housenumber=5420 (way version 3, last edited 2025-12-31). Its footprint measures 511 m x 176 m = 969,472 sq ft, matching the 1 million sq ft warehouse this record describes to within 3%, and Nominatim resolves \"5420 Tulane Road\" directly to it. This also RESOLVES the address discrepancy above rather than choosing a side: 5400 is the property-record address for the three-parcel, 100-acre assemblage (kept in location.street, per the cited DCD source), while 5420 is the warehouse building itself. precision remains \"approximate\": the pin is a crowd-sourced OSM footprint corroborated by Wikipedia, NOT a parcel-confirmed point -- Shelby County assessor records returned 403 and could not be checked. Upgrading to \"exact\" needs that parcel record.",
    "investmentUsd": 80000000,
    "landAcres": 100,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-colossus-2-power-station-southaven-ms",
    "name": "Colossus 2 power station",
    "operator": "xAI",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.984394,
      "lon": -90.042296,
      "city": "Southaven",
      "county": "DeSoto",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200,
      "operational": 495
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "~46 turbines operational by May 2026 at the former Duke Energy site on Stanton Rd; permitting contested (41 permitted Mar 2026, additional turbines unpermitted).",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/10/elon-musk-xai-permit-for-mississippi-plant-despite-pollution-concerns.html",
        "label": "Elon Musk's xAI permitted for Mississippi plant despite pollution concerns",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.technology.org/2026/07/15/xai-59-unpermitted-gas-turbines-southaven-colossus-2/",
        "label": "xAI's 59 unpermitted gas turbines at Southaven Colossus 2",
        "publisher": "Technology.org",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Colossus_2_power_station",
        "label": "Colossus 2 power station",
        "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://opcgis.deq.state.ms.us/ensearchonline/get_doc.aspx?dt=finalp&id=1834338",
        "label": "PSD Air Construction Permit No. 0680-00119, MZX Tech LLC (AI 12592)",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-01",
        "kind": "permit"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://naacp.org/articles/naacp-sues-xai-illegal-pollution-data-center-power-plant",
        "label": "NAACP Sues xAI for Illegal Pollution from Data Center Power Plant",
        "publisher": "NAACP",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/07/31/xai-announces-fourth-data-center-turbines-be-removed-southaven-site/",
        "label": "xAI announces fourth data center; turbines to be removed from Southaven site",
        "publisher": "Action News 5 (WMC, Memphis)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.themississippimonitor.com/spacexai-powers-down-11-of-69-temporary-turbines-at-southaven-facility/",
        "label": "SpaceXAI powers down 11 of 69 temporary turbines at Southaven facility",
        "publisher": "The Mississippi Monitor",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-14",
    "notes": "Former Duke Energy site on Stanton Rd, Southaven. 69 temporary gas turbines, being removed August 2026 → July 2027 and replaced by a permanent 1.2 GW / 41-turbine plant under construction; 11 turbines were powered down as of 2026-08-31. The permanent 41 are the MDEQ PSD 0680-00119 fleet (see generation.notes — this resolves the \"two 41s\" ambiguity rather than leaving it open). ⚠ capacityMw.operational (495) derives from the July 2026 reporting and PREDATES the August power-downs; it is not restated by any source after removal began, so treat it as the last sourced figure rather than a current one. Distinct facility from the separately tracked xAI Southaven data center (Colossus). ⚠ Several outlets now style the operator \"SpaceXAI\", reporting that SpaceX acquired xAI. That is secondary-source only and would touch `operator` on 11 records, so it is deliberately NOT applied here — verify against a filing first.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "notes": "Gas-turbine generation dedicated to xAI's Colossus 2 compute; MDEQ authorised 41 permanent turbines in March 2026 while 27 turbines were operating in Southaven without an air permit at the time of the April 2026 suit. No utility interconnection is claimed."
    },
    "emissions": {
      "permittedTpy": {
        "hapsTotal": 24
      },
      "basis": "facility_wide",
      "averagingPeriod": "rolling_12_month",
      "unitsCovered": "forty-one (41) natural gas-fired simple cycle combustion turbines: seventeen Solar Titan Model PGM-130 (TUR-1 through TUR-17), sixteen Solar Titan Model 350 (TUR-18 through TUR-33), and eight ProEnergy Model 6000PE (TUR-34 through TUR-41)",
      "permitNumber": "0680-00119",
      "permitType": "psd",
      "issuingAgency": "Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality",
      "issuedDate": "2026-03-11",
      "notes": "Permitted CEILINGS from MDEQ PSD Air Construction Permit 0680-00119 (permittee MZX Tech LLC, an xAI affiliate; AI 12592), not measured emissions. Every per-group tonnage is PER TURBINE on a 12-month rolling total basis — they are limits on each individual machine and must never be summed or multiplied by the unit count to state a facility total; the permit itself states no facility-wide tonnage for NOx, CO, VOC, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, NH3 or formaldehyde. SCOPE CAVEAT: this permit authorises the 41 PERMANENT turbines, which reporting confirms are the 1.2 GW replacement plant now under construction. This record's generation.unitCount of 69 is a different fleet: the TEMPORARY turbines on site, being removed August 2026 → July 2027, which include machines operating outside this permit and are the subject of NAACP/SELC/Earthjustice litigation filed 2026-04-14. The two counts measure different things and must not be reconciled by editing either. GHG: the permit sets CO2 as a rate only — BACT of 120 lb/MMBtu, short-term and long-term — with NO annual tonnage cap, so co2e is deliberately left undefined; a missing co2e here does not mean the facility has no GHG limit. HAPs: the only facility-wide caps in the permit are 24.0 tpy total combined HAPs and 9.50 tpy for any individual HAP (Condition 3.3, \"For the entire facility\"); the schema records the combined figure, and the per-individual cap has no field. The permit prints formaldehyde as \"CH2O\"; PM10 and PM2.5 are stated as filterable + condensable.",
      "sourceIndex": 3,
      "unitGroups": [
        {
          "label": "AA-000 — seventeen Solar Titan Model PGM-130 turbines (TUR-1 through TUR-17)",
          "unitCount": 17,
          "basis": "per_unit",
          "permittedTpy": {
            "nox": 5.6,
            "co": 3.41,
            "pm25": 0.27,
            "pm10": 0.27,
            "so2": 2.2,
            "voc": 5.37,
            "nh3": 5.18,
            "formaldehyde": 0.12
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "AB-000 — sixteen Solar Titan Model 350 turbines (TUR-18 through TUR-33)",
          "unitCount": 16,
          "basis": "per_unit",
          "permittedTpy": {
            "nox": 11.38,
            "co": 6.93,
            "pm25": 0.55,
            "pm10": 0.55,
            "so2": 4.61,
            "voc": 10.91,
            "nh3": 10.53,
            "formaldehyde": 0.24
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "AC-000 — eight ProEnergy Model 6000PE turbines (TUR-34 through TUR-41)",
          "unitCount": 8,
          "basis": "per_unit",
          "permittedTpy": {
            "nox": 15.47,
            "co": 18.83,
            "pm25": 0.75,
            "pm10": 0.75,
            "so2": 5.64,
            "voc": 18.53,
            "nh3": 28.62,
            "formaldehyde": 0.46
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The NAACP, represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center and Earthjustice, sued xAI and its subsidiary MZX Tech in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi in April 2026 over unpermitted turbine operation, after a February notice letter. Hundreds of residents attended the MDEQ permit hearing.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "facilityType": "power_generation",
    "generation": {
      "technology": "natural_gas",
      "offtaker": "xAI (Colossus data center)",
      "unitCount": 69,
      "notes": "69 TEMPORARY turbines on the Stanton Rd site. Under an agreement reported 2026-07-31, removal began August 2026 and must be complete by July 2027; 11 had been powered down as of 2026-08-31, leaving 58 running. They are being replaced by a PERMANENT 1.2 GW plant of 41 turbines, under construction. ⭐ The permanent 41 ARE the fleet authorised by MDEQ PSD permit 0680-00119 (issued 2026-03-11, cited at sources[3], which itemises exactly 41 machines: 17 Solar Titan PGM-130 + 16 Solar Titan 350 + 8 ProEnergy 6000PE). An earlier note in this repo warned the permitted 41 and the replacement 41 were \"probably NOT the same 41\" — that was a reasonable caution but the reporting resolves it the other way, and this record now says so explicitly so the question is not reopened. Permitting remains contested: NAACP/Earthjustice/SELC litigation filed 2026-04-14 concerns turbines operating outside that permit."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-colossus-memphis-tn",
    "name": "Colossus",
    "operator": "xAI",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 35.0565,
      "lon": -90.0148,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1200,
      "operational": 150
    },
    "poweredBy": "grid (Memphis Light Gas & Water)",
    "announcedDate": "2024",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2024-06",
        "note": "Construction began; completed in approximately 122 days",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2024-09",
        "note": "Phase 1 online with ~100,000 NVIDIA H100 GPUs; later expanded with H200s",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(supercomputer)",
        "label": "Colossus (supercomputer) — Wikipedia",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/musk-says-xai-has-built-worlds-most-powerful-ai-training-cluster-2024-09-24/",
        "label": "Musk says xAI has built world's most powerful AI training cluster — Reuters",
        "publisher": "Reuters",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/xai-doubles-number-of-onsite-gas-turbines-at-memphis-data-center-in-violation-of-permit-limits/",
        "label": "xAI doubles number of on-site gas turbines at Memphis data center in violation of permit limits — Data Center Dynamics",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.governing.com/resilience/wastewater-will-cool-this-memphis-data-center",
        "label": "Wastewater Will Cool This Memphis Data Center — Governing",
        "publisher": "Governing",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/16/musks-xai-permits-challenged-by-naacp-environmental-groups-memphis.html",
        "label": "Musk's xAI permits challenged by NAACP, environmental groups in Memphis — CNBC",
        "publisher": "CNBC",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://dailymemphian.com/article/51159/heres-what-xai-will-pay-in-property-taxes",
        "label": "Here's what xAI will pay in property taxes",
        "publisher": "Daily Memphian",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Subsidies checked 2026-09-09: confirmed absence. Unlike the usual Memphis path, xAI did not obtain a PILOT or any formally granted incentive for the Memphis site, so the subsidies field is deliberately left empty rather than unknown. The site is instead expected to pay more than $30 million in combined Memphis and Shelby County property taxes. CORRECTION: energy.notes currently states 'an SELC/NAACP appeal stays that permit' -- this is stale. The Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board voted 6-1 on 2025-12-15 to dismiss the NAACP/Young, Gifted & Green appeal of Air Permit No. 01156-01PC as moot, ending the appeal-triggered stay. Recommend energy.notes be updated to reflect that the appeal was dismissed (not that it currently stays anything), and that community.notes (currently 'an SELC/NAACP appeal to the Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board stays it') be updated the same way. Separately, a 2026-04-14 federal Clean Air Act suit (NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00074, N.D. Miss.) is ongoing, but its claims target xAI's Southaven, MS 'Colossus Gas Plant' (MZX Tech LLC, 2875 Stanton Road South) -- a different facility -- not this Memphis site or CTC Property LLC, which is not a named defendant; it cites this site's turbine history only as background evidence of a pattern. Full primary-source detail (including that the permit covers 15 turbines permanently, not 35) is now captured in the companion new-facility record xai-colossus-1-turbines-memphis-tn. CORRECTION (sourcing quality, not fact): sources[0] and sources[5] both cite en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(supercomputer), an aggregator-tier source, for this site of all sites. sources[0] is the sourceIndex behind statusHistory[0] ('Construction began; completed in approximately 122 days', dated 2024-06). Primary/official and named-quote replacements found and fetched this run: (1) NVIDIA's own newsroom press release (2024-10-28, official/primary) states Colossus was 'built by xAI and NVIDIA in just 122 days, instead of the typical timeframe' and comprises '100,000 NVIDIA Hopper GPUs in Memphis, Tennessee'; (2) Fortune (2025-03-14) quotes Super Micro CEO Charles Liang on the record: 'It took Elon and Super Micro only 122 days to finish,' adding it would usually take a year or longer. Per instructions, I have NOT attempted to delete or reorder the existing Wikipedia citations myself -- these two sources are offered as additions for the maintainer to use when manually reordering/replacing sources[0] and sources[5].",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "utility": "Memphis Light Gas & Water (MLGW) / TVA",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 422,
      "notes": "About 35 on-site natural-gas turbines (a combined 422 MW per SELC and aerial imagery) supplement a 150 MW grid substation and Tesla Megapack storage. The Shelby County Health Department permitted only 15 turbines; an SELC/NAACP appeal stays that permit. xAI said the Phase-I temporary turbines would be demobilized after grid connection, but 2025 aerial imagery shows 35 on site."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "evaporative",
      "reportedMgd": 3,
      "notes": "The open cooling loop's design draw is roughly 3 MGD from the Memphis Sands aquifer via MLGW (xAI engineer, per Governing), though Protect Our Aquifer reported a lower early-operational actual of ~0.8 MGD (~812,000 gal/day) in early 2025 as the site was still ramping. xAI broke ground in Oct 2025 on an $80M greywater-recycling plant at the T.E. Maxson wastewater facility (targeting ~10 MGD of treated wastewater); construction was later paused."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 12000000000,
    "community": {
      "status": "litigation",
      "notes": "The NAACP (with SELC and Earthjustice) sued xAI over roughly 35 unpermitted methane gas turbines; the county permitted only 15, and the NAACP/SELC appeal to the Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board stays it. The permit drew 1,700+ public comments, most opposed, and South Memphis (Boxtown) residents already face elevated asthma and cancer rates. xAI did not pursue a Shelby County EDGE PILOT tax abatement; no public subsidy is on record.",
      "sourceIndex": 4
    },
    "stakeholders": [
      {
        "name": "Elon Musk",
        "role": "executive",
        "via": "xAI",
        "note": "Runs xAI, the company operating this facility; CNBC, reporting the Shelby County turbine-permit appeal, describes \"xAI, which is run by Elon Musk\" as having set up in Memphis in 2024.",
        "sourceIndex": 4,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-macrohardrr-southaven-ms",
    "name": "MACROHARDRR (xAI Southaven Data Center III)",
    "operator": "xAI",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.991886,
      "lon": -90.034358,
      "city": "Southaven",
      "county": "DeSoto",
      "street": "2400 Stateline Road West",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-01-08",
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/tech-leader-xai-investing-more-than-20-billion-in-southaven/",
        "label": "Tech leader xAI investing more than $20 billion in Southaven",
        "publisher": "Office of Governor Tate Reeves",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.desototimes.com/news/xai-buys-building-and-additional-land-in-southaven-for-data-center/article_99b4eb95-e5b1-4cd0-8f36-9ab0021b9cb5.html",
        "label": "xAI buys building and additional land in Southaven for data center",
        "publisher": "DeSoto Times",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/xai-macrohardrr",
        "label": "xAI: MACROHARDRR Data Center",
        "publisher": "Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "xAI's third Southaven/DeSoto County site, distinct from the existing dataset records for 'Colossus' (xai-southaven-ms, the data center at the former Electrolux plant) and 'Colossus 2' (xai-colossus-2-power-station-southaven-ms, the power station). MACROHARDRR retrofits an 810,000 sq ft former warehouse at 2400 Stateline Road West. Elon Musk announced the building purchase via X on 2025-12-30; Gov. Tate Reeves' office announced the '>$20 billion' investment and 'hundreds of permanent jobs throughout DeSoto County' on 2026-01-08, citing Mississippi's Data Center Incentive Program (sales/use tax exemptions on computing equipment and software) plus City of Southaven and DeSoto County fee-in-lieu agreements. xAI separately purchased two adjacent parcels (47 and 58 acres) near its power plant at 2875 Stanton Road; that acreage is not clearly attributable to this building's own site, so landAcres is omitted here rather than guessed. Musk's public claim that MACROHARDRR takes combined xAI Memphis-area training compute to '~2GW' describes the whole multi-site cluster, not this building's own capacity, so capacityMw is also omitted. Operational status is per Baxtel (aggregator, retrieved 2026-09-13); not yet independently corroborated by an xAI or Mississippi state press release stating a completion date, though a February 2026 operational target was reported at announcement.",
    "investmentUsd": 20000000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-minihard-memphis-tn",
    "name": "Minihard",
    "operator": "xAI",
    "status": "under_construction",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.9994934,
      "lon": -90.0429461,
      "city": "Memphis",
      "county": "Shelby",
      "street": "5414 Tulane Road",
      "state": "TN",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(data_center)",
        "label": "Colossus (data center) - Wikipedia",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/xai-colossus-2-bldg1",
        "label": "xAI: Colossus 2 Bldg1 Data Center - Baxtel",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13",
        "kind": "other"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-13",
    "notes": "Checked against existing-TN.txt before finishing: this is NOT a renamed/duplicate variant of xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn. That record is the original ~1M sq ft converted warehouse purchase (Whitehaven, operational per the existing roster). Minihard is a separate, NEW-CONSTRUCTION building on the same broader Tulane Road campus -- Baxtel (fetched) explicitly distinguishes the 'existing warehouse' (Colossus 2) from 'an additional planned facility' under 'a $659 million building permit for a new 312,000-square-foot facility,' and Wikipedia (fetched) independently names it 'a denser Minihard building under construction at ~5414 Tulane Road,' as distinct from both Colossus 2 and from the Southaven, MS 'Macrohardrr' site (out of state, excluded). Status also differs: Colossus 2 is operational; Minihard is under_construction. Press reporting (not independently fetched this run) puts the building at 4 stories / 75 ft on a 79-acre permit parcel with ~220,000 GB300 GPUs; those figures are omitted pending a directly-fetched primary source. Coordinates are an OSM ADDRESS POINT for 5414 Tulane Road (Nominatim returns category=place / type=house at 34.9994934,-90.0429461), NOT a mapped building footprint -- corrected 2026-09-13 after an earlier note in this record overclaimed it as a building way. precision is therefore approximate, not exact: the point locates the street address, not this building. Note the sibling record xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn carries the same class of address-point pin ~20m away, which is why the two appear near-identical; a separate review found an OSM building way tagged for Colossus 2 some 760m from that pin, so the campus buildings are NOT where either address point sits.",
    "investmentUsd": 659000000,
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "xai-southaven-ms",
    "name": "xAI Southaven",
    "operator": "xAI",
    "status": "operational",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 34.993,
      "lon": -89.974,
      "city": "Southaven",
      "county": "DeSoto",
      "state": "MS",
      "precision": "exact"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 2000
    },
    "poweredBy": "xAI (self-generated, behind-the-meter)",
    "announcedDate": "2026-01",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Governor Reeves and xAI announce $20B+ Southaven data center investment; described as largest private-sector investment in Mississippi history",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      },
      {
        "status": "under_construction",
        "date": "2026-01",
        "note": "Retrofit of former GXO Logistics warehouse (810,000 sq ft) at 2400 Stateline Road"
      },
      {
        "status": "operational",
        "date": "2026-02",
        "note": "Expected fully operational February 2026; xAI's third Mid-South facility alongside Colossus One and Two in Memphis"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/tech-leader-xai-investing-more-than-20-billion-in-southaven/",
        "label": "Tech leader xAI investing more than $20 billion in Southaven",
        "publisher": "Office of the Governor, Mississippi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/as-musks-xai-data-centers-encroach-on-southaven-north-mississippi-residents-push-back/",
        "label": "As Musk's xAI Data Centers Encroach on Southaven, North Mississippi Residents Push Back",
        "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/xai-confirms-new-data-center-in-mississippi-elon-musk-pledges-20bn-investment-in-state/",
        "label": "xAI confirms new data center in Mississippi, Elon Musk pledges $20bn investment",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.localmemphis.com/article/news/local/mississippi-state-officials-approve-permit-for-41-gas-turbines-at-collosus-2-in-southaven/522-c73075d2-d460-46e8-9f5b-c810d47bb0c2",
        "label": "Mississippi Today: state officials approve permit for 41 gas turbines at xAI's Southaven data center",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://earthjustice.org/case/xai-illegal-gas-power-plant-data-center-colossus",
        "label": "Earthjustice: Illegal Pollution from Data Center Power Plants — xAI case page",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24",
        "kind": "other"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://southaven.org/Blog.aspx?IID=227",
        "label": "Mayor's Report — xAI SOUTHAVEN (Continued Expansion)…, January 7, 2026",
        "publisher": "City of Southaven, Mississippi",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "notes": "Address: 2400 Stateline Road, Southaven, MS 38671 (near Tennessee border); coordinates are approximate for that address. The $20B investment figure covers total xAI Mississippi commitments including adjacent power plant site, not only this building. Facility is distinct from the already-tracked Colossus supercomputer clusters in Memphis, TN. Combined with Memphis facilities, xAI aims for nearly 2 GW total compute capacity. Fix: jobs.sourceIndex corrected from 0 to 1; the specific 145-person figure is reported by Mississippi Free Press (source 1), not the governor's press release (source 0) which states only 'hundreds of permanent jobs.'",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas",
      "onSiteGenerationMw": 495,
      "notes": "Private behind-the-meter gas-turbine plant at a former Duke Energy site powering Colossus 2. MS DEQ permitted 41 turbines (~1.2 GW ceiling, Mar 2026); ~495 MW tied to 27 disclosed turbines, up to 59 reportedly run pre-permit. Subject to NAACP/SELC/Earthjustice litigation over unpermitted operation."
    },
    "water": {
      "coolingType": "unknown",
      "notes": "The City of Southaven addresses water supply but not the heat-rejection method: xAI is described as a metered municipal customer under \"strict capacity management\" with its own recycling solutions planned. No source fetched this run identifies evaporative, closed-loop or dry cooling, so coolingType stays unknown rather than being inferred from the liquid-cooled GB300 racks (rack-level cooling is heat CAPTURE, not heat rejection)."
    },
    "subsidies": [
      {
        "program": "Mississippi Data Center Incentive (sales and use tax exemption on computing equipment and software)",
        "jurisdiction": "Mississippi / City of Southaven / DeSoto County",
        "year": "2026",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "investmentUsd": 20000000000,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 145,
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "contested",
      "notes": "Safe and Sound Coalition (lifelong residents) cited lack of transparency; NAACP raised environmental concerns about pollution affecting Southaven and neighboring Memphis communities; residents allege public was not consulted prior to expansion.",
      "sourceIndex": 1
    },
    "stakeholders": [
      {
        "name": "Elon Musk",
        "role": "founder",
        "via": "xAI",
        "note": "Founder of xAI, the company building this data center; named as such in the Mississippi Governor's Office announcement of the Southaven investment.",
        "sourceIndex": 0,
        "asOf": "2026-08-26"
      }
    ],
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "confirmed"
  },
  {
    "id": "yeehaw-junction-us-development-osceola-fl",
    "name": "US Development Yeehaw Junction Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "US Development (end tenant undisclosed)",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 27.69944,
      "lon": -80.88694,
      "city": "Yeehaw Junction",
      "county": "Osceola",
      "street": "US 441 north of the Florida's Turnpike / SR 60 interchange",
      "state": "FL",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.growthspotter.com/2024/09/15/osceola-is-being-scouted-for-one-of-the-worlds-largest-data-centers/",
        "label": "Osceola is being scouted for one of the world's largest data centers",
        "publisher": "GrowthSpotter (Orlando Sentinel)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "US Development sought a pre-application meeting with Osceola County planning (held Oct. 15, 2024) to discuss rezoning 434 acres in rural Yeehaw Junction from agricultural to industrial for nine three-story data center buildings (675,000 sq ft each, >7M sq ft total), a 15-acre on-site substation, and on-site water/wastewater treatment, with FPL as the named electrical provider. Land is owned by Yeehaw Ranch LLC and Patricia and Clyde Luke; over 100 acres were already industrial-zoned from a prior warehouse rezoning. No end-user/tenant has been named and, per subsequent 2025 reporting found this run, no rezoning application had actually been filed as of mid-2025 -- this remains a pre-application-stage proposal, not yet a filed case. No megawatt, investment, or job figures were stated in the source.",
    "landAcres": 434,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "yondr-cerberus-manassas-va",
    "name": "Yondr Manassas Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Yondr Group / Cerberus Capital Management",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 38.7509,
      "lon": -77.4753,
      "city": "Manassas",
      "state": "VA",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 72
    },
    "announcedDate": "2026-08-03",
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-08-03",
        "note": "Cerberus Capital Management and Yondr Group announced the acquisition of a 40-acre site in Manassas for a 72 MW data center campus, with a 2029 ready-for-service date. Financial terms of the land acquisition were not disclosed.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.cerberus.com/media/cerberus-and-yondr-acquire-40-acres-in-northern-virginia-to-build-72mw-data-center/",
        "label": "Cerberus and Yondr Acquire 40 Acres in Northern Virginia to Build 72MW Data Center",
        "publisher": "Cerberus Capital Management",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-27",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
    "notes": "The announcement names Manassas but no street address or parcel, so coordinates are an approximate city-level geocode. Distinct from the tracked CloudHQ Manassas MCC Campus and Iron Mountain VA-6 (different operators and sites).",
    "landAcres": 40,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "zenith-tooele-valley-burmester-ut",
    "name": "Tooele Valley Data Center Campus",
    "operator": "Zenith Development",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 40.748,
      "lon": -112.674,
      "city": "Burmester",
      "county": "Tooele",
      "state": "UT",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 500
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-07-27",
        "note": "Public hearing held on a state water-discharge permit (UPDES UT0026409) required for the project; permit still pending as of the hearing.",
        "sourceIndex": 2
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/500mw-utah-data-center-wants-150431818.html",
        "label": "A 500MW Utah Data Center Wants to Dump 250,000 Gallons of Waste Water Into the Great Salt Lake Daily",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.standard.net/news/local/2026/jul/28/concern-about-data-center-impacts-on-great-salt-lake-grows-now-for-tooele-projects-wastewater/",
        "label": "Concern about data center impacts on Great Salt Lake grows, now for Tooele project's wastewater",
        "publisher": "Standard-Examiner",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2026/07/28/yet-another-data-center-planned/",
        "label": "Utahns speak out as yet another data center is planned near the Great Salt Lake",
        "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-25",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://inlandportauthority.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Petition-for-TV-PID.pdf",
        "label": "Petition Requesting the Creation of TV Public Infrastructure District (26 March 2024) — petitioner/owner Zenith Bolinder, LLC (a Delaware LLC), contact sponsor Charles Akerlow, representing 100% of surface property owners within the proposed district",
        "publisher": "Utah Inland Port Authority",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "filing"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51145917/80m-bond-offering-100-acres-under-contract-tooele-countys-inland-port-project-underway",
        "label": "$80M bond offering, 100 acres under contract: Tooele County's Inland Port project underway — states Zenith Bolinder LLC is \"a partnership with longtime Utah developer Zenith Development\" and names Chuck Akerlow as Zenith Development's managing director",
        "publisher": "KSL",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-08",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-08-25",
    "notes": "500MW on-site gas-fired data center campus (~200-600 acre portion of a larger ~600-acre Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District development that also includes a truck stop, hotel, and warehouses near I-80); backed by Utah Inland Port Authority financing. Developer plans a reverse-osmosis plant discharging ~250,000 gallons/day of brine into Great Salt Lake wetlands, drawing significant local opposition. Subsidies checked (2026-09-08): no site-level subsidy confirmed for this parcel. A $4.875M Utah Inland Port Authority Infrastructure Bank loan was reported in April 2024 to Zenith Bolinder, LLC — the Delaware LLC that petitioned UIPA in March 2024 to create the Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District, representing 100% of surface property owners within it, and which KSL describes as \"a partnership with longtime Utah developer Zenith Development\"; Charles Akerlow appears both as the petition's contact sponsor and as Zenith Development's managing director. The two are affiliated but are not the same legal entity, the loan terms were not confirmed against a primary document, and the district's boundary exhibit is a scanned image that could not be read — so whether that loan reaches this data-centre parcel is unresolved. UIPA's executive director stated in July 2026 that the authority's involvement covers transportation within a 600-acre portion and does not extend to the southern section planned for the data centre.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "on_site_gas"
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  },
  {
    "id": "zenith-volts-roswell-chaves-county-data-center-nm",
    "name": "Zenith Volts Roswell / Chaves County Data Center",
    "operator": "Zenith Volts Corp.",
    "status": "permitted",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "location": {
      "lat": 33.14,
      "lon": -104.52,
      "city": "Roswell",
      "county": "Chaves",
      "state": "NM",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "capacityMw": {
      "planned": 1240
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "permitted",
        "date": "2026",
        "note": "Chaves County Commission approved; 300-acre initial footprint within an 8,500-acre approved site; targets November 2027 operational.",
        "sourceIndex": 0
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zenith-volts-corp-secures-county-approval-for-scalable-data-center-20-miles-south-of-roswell-nm-targeting-operation-by-november-2027-302537746.html",
        "label": "Zenith Volts Corp secures county approval for scalable data center 20 miles south of Roswell, NM",
        "publisher": "PR Newswire",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/zenith-obtains-planning-approval-for-124gw-data-center-project-in-roswell-new-mexico/",
        "label": "Zenith obtains planning approval for 1.24GW data center project in Roswell, New Mexico",
        "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.chavescounty.net/news/p/item/64481/county-approves-permit-for-data-center-solar-facility",
        "label": "Chaves County (chavescounty.net)",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-07-26",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.energy-storage.news/pacifico-zenith-volts-and-fermi-america-propose-gigawatt-scale-energy-solutions-with-bess-to-feed-us-data-centres/",
        "label": "Pacifico, Zenith Volts and Fermi America propose gigawatt-scale energy solutions with BESS to feed US data centres",
        "publisher": "Energy-Storage.news",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-03",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/chaves-county-approves-data-center-030700821.html",
        "label": "Chaves County approves data center project amid rising demand for computing infrastructure",
        "publisher": "Yahoo News",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-15",
    "notes": "Approximately 20 miles south of Roswell. Chaves County Commission approved; 300-acre initial footprint within an 8,500-acre approved site. On-site solar, gas, geothermal, and battery storage. Targets November 2027 operational; approximately 140 FTE jobs.",
    "energy": {
      "source": "mixed",
      "notes": "Chaves County-approved plan integrates on-site solar, natural gas generators for backup, modular solar-thermal hybrid systems and a 250-acre battery energy storage system across the wider 8,500-acre site. The capacity of each individual power element has not been disclosed."
    },
    "water": {
      "notes": "Plan calls for geothermal cooling; no water-withdrawal figure has been disclosed."
    },
    "investmentUsd": 11700000000,
    "landAcres": 300,
    "jobs": {
      "permanent": 140,
      "sourceIndex": 0
    },
    "community": {
      "status": "supported",
      "notes": "Chaves County Commission approved the special-use permit for the project on August 22, 2025; no organized opposition or dissent is reported across multiple independent news accounts of the approval.",
      "sourceIndex": 2
    },
    "facilityType": "data_center",
    "aiClassification": "likely"
  },
  {
    "id": "zinke-arizona-independent-technology-campus-pinal-az",
    "name": "Arizona Independent Technology Campus",
    "operator": "Zinke Investments LLC",
    "status": "proposed",
    "confidence": "reported",
    "location": {
      "lat": 32.9229,
      "lon": -112.0148,
      "county": "Pinal",
      "state": "AZ",
      "precision": "approximate"
    },
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "proposed",
        "date": "2026-09-02",
        "note": "Major Comprehensive Plan amendment (case PZ-PA-015-26) presented in work sessions to the Pinal County Planning and Zoning Commission on 20 August 2026 and to the Board of Supervisors on 2 September 2026; no votes taken.",
        "sourceIndex": 1
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/1500-acre-business-and-technology-campus-planned-in-pinal-county/",
        "label": "1,500-Acre Business and Technology Campus Planned in Pinal County",
        "publisher": "AZBEX",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://pinalpost.com/data-center-south-of-maricopa-tech-campus-2026-september-worksession/",
        "label": "Data centers proposed south of Maricopa: County reviews 956-acre land-use change for Arizona Independent Technology Campus",
        "publisher": "Pinal Post",
        "retrievedAt": "2026-09-10",
        "kind": "press"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "notes": "Proposed 1,517-acre campus in unincorporated Pinal County, southeast of Porter and Barnes roads, about two miles east of Highway 347, between Barnes and Lelaan roads and east of Porter Road. 956 acres require redesignation from Moderate Low-Density Residential to Employment; the balance is already Employment. Proposed land-use split reported as 50% data center, 25% energy generation, 25% manufacturing/warehousing/general industrial. Reported job ranges (3,000-6,500 peak construction; 1,350-2,800 permanent) are stated as ranges in the sources and are therefore not recorded as figures here. Coordinates are the Porter Road / Barnes Road intersection derived from OpenStreetMap road alignments; the campus lies southeast of that point, so the pin is approximate.",
    "landAcres": 1517,
    "facilityType": "data_center"
  }
]