Electrochemistry Domain Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: electrochemistry
abstract: This reference module contains the core terms for the electrochemistry domain.
bibliographic citation: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7693664
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-3718
contributor: 0000-0002-1560-809X
contributor: 0000-0002-2547-155X
created: 2022-11-25
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6109
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2954-1233
issued: 2026-06-01
license: legalcode
modified: 2026-06-01
publisher: EMMO
source: www.electropedia.org
source: IEEESTD.2016.7552407
source: goldbook
source: pac-2018-0109
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7693664
status: unstable
preferred namespace prefix: echem
backward compatible with: electrochemistry
prior version: electrochemistry
version info: 0.35.0

seeAlso
comment: EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject
comment: Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource.

note
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: a general annotation that provides extra context, clarifications, or useful background information
elucidation: a general annotation that provides extra context, clarifications, or useful background information

scopeNote
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: a note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept
elucidation: a note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept

unitCode
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL.
see also: The normative list of all codes is available at http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/recommendations/rec20/rec20_Rev9e_2014.xls
elucidation: The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL.
note: Other codes than the UN/CEFACT Common Code may be used with a prefix followed by a colon.
note: The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade.
range: string

uneceCommonCode
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL.
deprecated: true
version info: Replaced by schema:unitCode
elucidation: The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL.
note: The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade.
range: string

warning
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: q critical alert about potential dangers, system failures, or serious misuse of a concept.
elucidation: q critical alert about potential dangers, system failures, or serious misuse of a concept.
sub property of: note

contact
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource
elucidation: A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource
note: The annotation should include an email address.
sub property of: comment

illustration
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation.
elucidation: A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation.
sub property of: seeAlso
range: anyURI

qudtReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: URL to corresponing entity in QUDT.
elucidation: URL to corresponing entity in QUDT.

omReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure.
elucidation: IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure.

wikidataReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata.
elucidation: URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata.
sub property of: seeAlso

inchiKey
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A hash of the full International Chemical Identifier (InChi) for a chemical substance.
elucidation: A hash of the full International Chemical Identifier (InChi) for a chemical substance.
note: The InChiKey is a hash of the full InChi identifier using the SHA-256 algorithm, designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds.
sub property of: seeAlso

SMILESReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: OpenSMILES representation of a molecular structure.
elucidation: OpenSMILES representation of a molecular structure.
note: OpenSMILES is an open specification of the SMILE language for specifying molecular structures, which has become a defacto standard for exchange of molecular structures.
wikipediaReference: Simplified molecular-input line-entry system
sub property of: seeAlso

conceptualisation
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors.
elucidation: The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors.
note: A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation.
note: An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM).
sub property of: comment

error
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: marks an error or incorrect usage
elucidation: marks an error or incorrect usage
sub property of: note

ucumCode
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).
elucidation: Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).
note: The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units.
range: string

pubChemReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Pubchem URI for a compound or substance ID.
elucidation: Pubchem URI for a compound or substance ID.
sub property of: seeAlso

important
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: highlights crucial points users must be aware of
elucidation: highlights crucial points users must be aware of
sub property of: note

IEVReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
elucidation: URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
sub property of: seeAlso

metrologicalReference
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: seeAlso

tip
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: a best practice or helpful suggestion related to the concept.
elucidation: a best practice or helpful suggestion related to the concept.
sub property of: note

dbpediaReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: URL to corresponding dpbedia entry.
elucidation: URL to corresponding dpbedia entry.
sub property of: seeAlso
range: anyURI

etymology
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
elucidation: The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
note: Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.
note: The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents.
sub property of: comment

Axiom
annotated target: Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.

admonition
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: a customized callout for information not covered by default note types
elucidation: a customized callout for information not covered by default note types
sub property of: note

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system.
elucidation: Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system.
note: A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities.
sub property of: comment

unitSymbol
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The standard symbol for a unit.
elucidation: The standard symbol for a unit.
note: A unit symbol may be a symbolic construct (e.g. km) or a symbol (e.g. m).
sub property of: comment
range: string

OWLRL2DLAxioms
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity.
elucidation: Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity.
sub property of: comment

Axiom
annotated target: Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity.

ISO80000Reference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000.
example: 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length)
elucidation: Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000.
sub property of: seeAlso

danger
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: indicates a serious risk, often safety-related
elucidation: indicates a serious risk, often safety-related
sub property of: note

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands.
elucidation: Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands.
note: An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation.
sub property of: comment

caution
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: a moderate-level advisory about possible pitfalls, errors, or inefficiencies
elucidation: a moderate-level advisory about possible pitfalls, errors, or inefficiencies
sub property of: note

molecularFormula
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Corresponds to the molecular formula of the compound.
elucidation: Corresponds to the molecular formula of the compound.
sub property of: seeAlso

VIMTerm
type: AnnotationProperty
example: quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO)
note: The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO.
sub property of: isDefinedBy

OWL2DLRestrictedAxiom
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.
elucidation: Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.
sub property of: comment

Axiom
annotated target: Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.

note
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A text that add some information about the entity.
elucidation: A text that add some information about the entity.
note: A note can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches.
sub property of: comment

wikipediaReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry.
elucidation: URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry.
sub property of: seeAlso
range: anyURI

typicalUnit
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: links a quantity to the typical unit(s) that are commonly used
elucidation: links a quantity to the typical unit(s) that are commonly used

hasIUPACName
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Corresponds to the IUPAC name of the compound.
elucidation: Corresponds to the IUPAC name of the compound.
sub property of: seeAlso
range: PlainLiteral

iupacReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC
sub property of: seeAlso
range: anyURI

standardInChI
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the value of the standard InChI of a chemical substance
elucidation: the value of the standard InChI of a chemical substance
sub property of: seeAlso

canonicalSMILES
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: seeAlso

maccorLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Maccor
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Maccor
sub property of: hiddenLabel

bpxKey
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: label

batteryArchiveLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Battery Archive
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Battery Archive
sub property of: hiddenLabel

cidemodKey
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: label

biologicLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Biologic
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Biologic
sub property of: hiddenLabel

includeDocs
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: comment
range: boolean

newareLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Neware
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Neware
sub property of: hiddenLabel

indigoLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Indigo
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Indigo
sub property of: hiddenLabel

arbinLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Arbin
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Arbin
sub property of: hiddenLabel

bvco
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: seeAlso

battmoKey
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: label

novonixLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: the label of a term used in resources from Novonix
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Novonix
sub property of: hiddenLabel

SIQuantityDatatype
type: Datatype
example: "3 cm"
example: A more complete example showing how to specify the value of a physical quantity in turtle using this datatype: height1 a emmo:Height ; hasSIQuantityValue "3 cm"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype .
elucidation: A datatype for a specifying a physcial quantity as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and an SI unit.
note: The unit should be a valid, possible prefixed, derived SI unit.

isDeclaredBy
type: ObjectProperty

isObjectOutputOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isNotCauseOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)
definition: x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)

hasDeducer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process.

isPortionPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasProcessParameter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: an object property linking a process to a process parameter
note: consider promoting to EMMO top or middle
elucidation: an object property linking a process to a process parameter

isMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasObjectiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure.

hasObjectInput
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasDeclared
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process.

hasManufacturedOutput
type: ObjectProperty

isInterpretationAccordingTo
type: ObjectProperty

hasProductOutput
type: ObjectProperty

directlyCausedBye
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasDirectCause

hasDistinctPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The superproperty of all object property relations between an entity and one of its proper parts that belongs to different taxonomical branch.
comment: DP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ[φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y)]
example: A molecule is a distinct part of a fluid.
definition: DP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ[φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y)]
elucidation: The superproperty of all object property relations between an entity and one of its proper parts that belongs to different taxonomical branch.
note: A part is always distinct xor redundant.

Axiom
annotated target: DP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ[φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y)]
note: We usa a predicate template notation as DP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of DP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that DP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ (φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y))
note: φ is a class of the theory

Axiom
annotated target: A part is always distinct xor redundant.

hasStatus
type: ObjectProperty

isInputOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasConventionalProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.
comment: An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention.
example: An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property.
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.

hasPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
elucidation: The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
note: All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive.

isIncomingOverlappedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

semiotical
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The generic EMMO semiotical relation.
elucidation: The generic EMMO semiotical relation.

hasModel
type: ObjectProperty

isChemicalSymbolFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a chemical symbol to the atomic element it stands for.
elucidation: Relates a chemical symbol to the atomic element it stands for.

isObjectInputOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an object O that proper overlaps a process P, where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.
elucidation: The relation between an object O that proper overlaps a process P, where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.

refersTo
type: ObjectProperty

hasIndex
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an index in a deduction process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an index in a deduction process.

throughOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isAfter
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: isTemporallyAfter

isOutputOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isInfluencedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasInterval
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
elucidation: The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.

isRemovedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, where the non overapping part of O2 is caused by O1.
elucidation: The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, where the non overapping part of O2 is caused by O1.

gets
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isNotCausedBy
type: ObjectProperty

hasFragment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between two individuals representing a collection and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
elucidation: The relation between two individuals representing a collection and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.

hasVariable
type: ObjectProperty

isParticipatedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasInput
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an entity and a process, where the entity is the input of that process.
elucidation: The relation between an entity and a process, where the entity is the input of that process.

foreruns
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).
alternative label: hasSuccessor
alternative label: isAntecedentOf
alternative label: predecessorOf
example: My life between 18-24 years has successor my life between 32-40 years, since there is an intermediary (i.e. my life between 25-32 years).
elucidation: A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).
note: Transitivity is implemented at A-Box level with a SWRL rule.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: hasSuccessor
etymology: From Latin succedĕre ("coming after").

hasIcon
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process.

influences
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O, where the non overlapping part of P is cause of O.
elucidation: The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O, where the non overlapping part of P is cause of O.

hasComponent
type: ObjectProperty

mereological
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
elucidation: The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
note: The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: mereological
etymology: Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology

hasJunctionPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations.
alternative label: hasSpatioTemporalPart
elucidation: The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations.

isFragmentOf
type: ObjectProperty

affects
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O.
elucidation: The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O.

hasServiceOutput
type: ObjectProperty

isProcessOutputOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is caused by P2.
elucidation: The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is caused by P2.

successorOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: isAncestorOf

isInterpretedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process.
elucidation: A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process.

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
comment: A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
alternative label: foregoes
alternative label: hasNext
alternative label: isBefore
example: My life between 18-24 years has next my life between 24-32 years.
example: The raw sample has next the treated sampled, which has next the examined sample. In this sense the whole sample is made of three states, connected by the has next relation, following its evolution in time.
conceptualisation: A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
elucidation: A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
note: Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
note: This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive.

hasBeginTask
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not causally temporally dependent by other parts of the workflow.
elucidation: The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not causally temporally dependent by other parts of the workflow.

hasMetricPrefix
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part.

isSignFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasCognised
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation connecting a recogniting interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a recogniting interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process.

hasCogniser
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognition process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognition process.

coexistsWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A relation jointly covered by Contact and InteractWith relations, which are mutually exclusive.
comment: Spatial relations between entities are represented in the EMMO as bidirectional causality, meaning that both entities are at the beginning and at the end of causal paths connecting them. This type of relation represent the coexistence of two entities in the a spatial arrangement. The symmetric characteristic of this relation implies that it is not possible to order them and is related to the arbitrary choice of reference frames. Subclasses of spatial relations may be defined as asymmetric and introduce a spatial order, for example est to west, or internal to external layer..
comment: The relation between entities that express a mutual causation.
alternative label: isSpatiallyRelatedWith
conceptualisation: Spatial relations between entities are represented in the EMMO as bidirectional causality, meaning that both entities are at the beginning and at the end of causal paths connecting them. This type of relation represent the coexistence of two entities in the a spatial arrangement. The symmetric characteristic of this relation implies that it is not possible to order them and is related to the arbitrary choice of reference frames. Subclasses of spatial relations may be defined as asymmetric and introduce a spatial order, for example est to west, or internal to external layer..
definition: A relation jointly covered by Contact and InteractWith relations, which are mutually exclusive.
elucidation: The relation between entities that express a mutual causation.

hasPortionPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
comment: A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
note: A part of an item is always non-maximal, meaning that is causally connected with the rest.

isConventionFor
type: ObjectProperty

directlyCauses
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
comment: Direct causality is a concept that captures the idea of direct interaction between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of other indirect causal routes between some proper parts of the two entities. The direct causality in a 4D ontology covers both time-like causal interaction (when causality is one-way from one entity to another) and space-like causal interaction (when causality is two-way between two entities).
alternative label: isDirectCauseOf
conceptualisation: Direct causality is a concept that captures the idea of direct interaction between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of other indirect causal routes between some proper parts of the two entities. The direct causality in a 4D ontology covers both time-like causal interaction (when causality is one-way from one entity to another) and space-like causal interaction (when causality is two-way between two entities).
elucidation: A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
note: Direct cause is irreflexive.
note: Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities.

isProperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: PP(x, y) ≡ P(x, y) ∧ ¬x=y
comment: The inverse relation for hasProperPart.
definition: PP(x, y) ≡ P(x, y) ∧ ¬x=y
elucidation: The inverse relation for hasProperPart.

isProcessedTo
type: ObjectProperty

releases
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isProcessInputOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is causing P2.
elucidation: The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is causing P2.

hasQuantity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates the result of a semiotic process to one of its obtained quantities.
elucidation: Relates the result of a semiotic process to one of its obtained quantities.

indirectlyCausedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasIndirectCause

isRepresentedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process.
elucidation: A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process.

follows
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: isNextOf
alternative label: succeeds

hasIterativeTask
type: ObjectProperty

hasSerialTask
type: ObjectProperty

incomingOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasTemporalTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation.
alternative label: hasTemporalDirectPart
elucidation: A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation.

hasMetrologicalUncertainty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure.
elucidation: Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure.
note: Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty.

hasJunctionTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
elucidation: A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.

isCausedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasRedundantPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The superproperty of the all object property relations between a whole and its mereological parts of the same type.
comment: RP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ(φ(x) ∧ φ(y))
example: A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
definition: RP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ(φ(x) ∧ φ(y))
elucidation: The superproperty of the all object property relations between a whole and its mereological parts of the same type.
note: A part is always distinct xor redundant.

Axiom
annotated target: RP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ(φ(x) ∧ φ(y))
note: We usa a predicate template notation as RP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of RP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that RP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ φ(x) ∧ φ(y)
note: φ is a class of the theory that in the EMMO OWL is supposed to be subclass of CausalStructure.

Axiom
annotated target: A part is always distinct xor redundant.

hasMetrologicalReference
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process.
version info: In EMMO version 1.0.0, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.

equalsTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: The relation between two individuals representing the same entity.
elucidation: The relation between two individuals representing the same entity.
note: Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.

hasSingleMember
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
comment: The relation between a collection and one of its item members.
alternative label: hasMember
elucidation: The relation between a collection and one of its item members.

hasTask
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The holistic relation connecting a workflow with one of its tasks.
conceptualisation: The holistic relation connecting a workflow with one of its tasks.

hasSubObject
type: ObjectProperty

hasTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
comment: Tiling parthood enables the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tessellation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the tiling parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The tiles and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. The tiles of specific granularity level provide a covering for the whole and are mutually non-overlapping, as the label "tile" suggests.
alternative label: hasDirectPart
conceptualisation: Tiling parthood enables the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tessellation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the tiling parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The tiles and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. The tiles of specific granularity level provide a covering for the whole and are mutually non-overlapping, as the label "tile" suggests.
elucidation: The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
note: This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning).
note: This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism.

hasUnitNonPrefixPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part.
example: For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre".
elucidation: Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part.

hasChemicalSymbol
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates an atomic element to its chemical symbol.
elucidation: Relates an atomic element to its chemical symbol.

isInterpreterFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
elucidation: A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
note: A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases.
note: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.

joins
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isCognisedBy
type: ObjectProperty

hasSpatioTemporalTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
alternative label: hasWellFormedTile
elucidation: A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
note: This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape.

hasInterpretant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process.
elucidation: A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process.

hasDirectPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several granularity levels of parthood.
comment: The non-transitive version of proper parthood property.
alternative label: hasImmediatePart
conceptualisation: Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several granularity levels of parthood.
elucidation: The non-transitive version of proper parthood property.

standsFor
type: ObjectProperty

isJoinedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

contacts
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
comment: An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
alternative label: adjacentWith
alternative label: hasSpatialnteractionWith
alternative label: touches
example: An elementary electron is in contact with another elementary electron in a scattering process.
example: The laptop is in contact with the desk, since there is a double-directional causality.
conceptualisation: A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
elucidation: An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
note: Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive.
note: The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric.

isInterpretantFor
type: ObjectProperty

generates
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasRole
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.
alternative label: hasHolisticPart
example: An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule.
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.

hasNumericalPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood.

hasReferent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a semiotic process and the referent i.e., the object of the semiotic process.
elucidation: The relation between a semiotic process and the referent i.e., the object of the semiotic process.

hasEndTask
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not a temporal cause of other parts of the workflow.
elucidation: The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not a temporal cause of other parts of the workflow.

isDirectPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasProperPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
elucidation: The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
note: The proper part relation has the following pair-covering sub-relations: - hasMembers xor hasPiece - hasPortionPart xor hasGatheredPart . hasItemPart xor hasScatteredPart

hasTaskTile
type: ObjectProperty

isCogniserFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasNonTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The part is connected with the rest item or members with a combination of hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact relations.
elucidation: The part is connected with the rest item or members with a combination of hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact relations.

isRedundantPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

overcrosses
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.
comment: OX(x, y) ≡ O(x, y) ∧ ¬P(x,y)
definition: OX(x, y) ≡ O(x, y) ∧ ¬P(x,y)
elucidation: The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.

hasSign
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a semiotic process and the sign standing for the referent.
elucidation: The relation between a semiotic process and the sign standing for the referent.

isDistinctPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasDeduced
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation connecting a deducing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a deducing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process.

isDeclarerFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasResourceIdentifier
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a resource to its identifier.
elucidation: Relates a resource to its identifier.

isPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reflexivity: Pxx Transitivity: (Pxy ∧ Pyz) → Pxz Antisymmetry: (Pxy ∧ Pyx) → x=y.
comment: The inverse relation of hasPart.
definition: Reflexivity: Pxx Transitivity: (Pxy ∧ Pyz) → Pxz Antisymmetry: (Pxy ∧ Pyx) → x=y.
elucidation: The inverse relation of hasPart.

hasQualifiedRole
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasQualifiedPart

notOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between individuals representing non-overlapping entities (i.e. that have no parts in common).
comment: Dxy ≡ ¬Oxy.
alternative label: disjointWith
definition: Dxy ≡ ¬Oxy.
elucidation: The relation between individuals representing non-overlapping entities (i.e. that have no parts in common).

Axiom
annotated target: Dxy ≡ ¬Oxy.

isInternalRepresentationBy
type: ObjectProperty

causal
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations.
comment: The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
conceptualisation: Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations.
elucidation: The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
note: Causality in the EMMO is intended as physical causation and not counter-factual. Meaning that causality is an expression of actual physical interactions, and not of a counterfactual depence such as “I didn't water the flowers, hence, I'm the cause of their death”.
note: Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.

Axiom
annotated target: Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations.

hasParticipant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorise temporal regions by the interpreters.
comment: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
elucidation: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.

hasDatum
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a dataset to its datum.
elucidation: Relates a dataset to its datum.

isOutgoingOverlappedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasPortion
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
example: A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).
elucidation: The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.

hasSpatialTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
alternative label: hasSpatialDirectPart
elucidation: A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.

properOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other.
elucidation: The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other.

isPropertyFor
type: ObjectProperty

indirectlyCauses
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.
comment: An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
alternative label: influences
alternative label: isIndirectCauseOf
conceptualisation: An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
elucidation: A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.

isSignificationFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasModelledProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure.
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure.

hasMeasurementUnit
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit.
example: Length hasUnit only LengthUnit

isLeftBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isReferredBy
type: ObjectProperty

hasEndTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections.
alternative label: hasTemporalLast
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections.

isDeducedBy
type: ObjectProperty

IsIndexFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasOutput
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an process and an entity, where the entity is the output of that process.
elucidation: The relation between an process and an entity, where the entity is the output of that process.

hasDescription
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process.

outgoingOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isSignifiedBy
type: ObjectProperty

hasInterpreter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a semiotic process and the interpreter that is responsible for the sign-referent correspondance.
elucidation: The relation between a semiotic process and the interpreter that is responsible for the sign-referent correspondance.

hasDeclarer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process.

hasAgent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
elucidation: The relation within a process and an agengt participant.

isContributedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

interprets
type: ObjectProperty

alongsideWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).
alternative label: coexistsWith
alternative label: concurrentWith
alternative label: interactsWith
example: I'm interacting with another tennis player through a ball. Or, two people in a webconference are interacting using a mediator which is the network signal.
elucidation: The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).

isPartakenBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasProcessOutput
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between two processes, where the second is the input of the first.
elucidation: The relation between two processes, where the second is the input of the first.

hasCharacterised
type: ObjectProperty

isAffectedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasSubProcess
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
elucidation: The relation between a process and one of its process parts.

hasUnitSymbol
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part.
elucidation: Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part.

isCauseOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A relation between an entity that causally affects another.
comment: We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. More formally, causality is defined as a relation between individuals x and y that holds if and only if: a) x having a part that is causing an effect on a part of y b) x and y are non-overlapping An entity cannot cause itself or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. The existence of one-directional of bi-directional causality relations between two entities is what reconstruct time-like and space-like relations, respectively.
alternative label: causes
example: John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality.
conceptualisation: We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. More formally, causality is defined as a relation between individuals x and y that holds if and only if: a) x having a part that is causing an effect on a part of y b) x and y are non-overlapping An entity cannot cause itself or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. The existence of one-directional of bi-directional causality relations between two entities is what reconstruct time-like and space-like relations, respectively.
elucidation: A relation between an entity that causally affects another.
note: Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
note: The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. For this reason the EMMO OWL 2 DL will only deal with macro causality relations, sacrificing the full FOL theory expressivity for the sake of simplicity.
note: The cause relation applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: isCauseOf
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”).

Axiom
annotated target: The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. For this reason the EMMO OWL 2 DL will only deal with macro causality relations, sacrificing the full FOL theory expressivity for the sake of simplicity.

isThroughOverlappedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.
comment: Oxy ≡ ∃z(Pzx ∧ Pzy)
definition: Oxy ≡ ∃z(Pzx ∧ Pzy)
elucidation: The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.

Axiom
annotated target: Oxy ≡ ∃z(Pzx ∧ Pzy)

hasInternalRepresentation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between the interpreter and the interpretant, being its internal representation.
elucidation: The relation between the interpreter and the interpretant, being its internal representation.

isDeducerFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasConstituent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
elucidation: The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.

hasSpatialPart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
elucidation: A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
note: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
note: The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasContact relations only (no hasNext).

hasProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.

participatesTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P and an object O that partially overlaps and the intersection between P and O is a participant of P.
elucidation: The relation between a process P and an object O that partially overlaps and the intersection between P and O is a participant of P.

semioticOvercrossedBy
type: ObjectProperty

hasConstitutiveProcess
type: ObjectProperty

isOvercrossedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The inverse relation for overcrosses.
elucidation: The inverse relation for overcrosses.

hasObjectOutput
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an process and an object, where the object is the output of that process.
elucidation: The relation between an process and an object, where the object is the output of that process.

partakesIn
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

isAddedTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, and the overlapping part of O1 is: a) next of the non overlapping part and b) a constituent of O2.
elucidation: The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, and the overlapping part of O1 is: a) next of the non overlapping part and b) a constituent of O2.

hasProcessInput
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between two processes, where the first is the input of the second.
elucidation: The relation between two processes, where the first is the input of the second.

hasConvention
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process.

leaves
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasBehaviour
type: ObjectProperty

isBefore
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: A relation between entities that are only one-directionally causally connected.
comment: A relation jointly covered by hasNext and hasSuccessor relations, which are mutually exclusive.
alternative label: isTemporallyBefore
definition: A relation jointly covered by hasNext and hasSuccessor relations, which are mutually exclusive.
elucidation: A relation between entities that are only one-directionally causally connected.

EMMORelation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
comment: The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO.
elucidation: The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO.

isGeneratedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O , where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.
elucidation: The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O , where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.

isReferentFor
type: ObjectProperty

hasReferencePart
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood.
elucidation: Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood.

hasCharacteriser
type: ObjectProperty

isIconFor
type: ObjectProperty

contributesTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2.
elucidation: The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2.

hasStage
type: ObjectProperty

semioticOvercrosses
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The superproperties for overcrossing relations between semiotic entities.
elucidation: The superproperties for overcrossing relations between semiotic entities.

providesInterpretation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process.
elucidation: A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process.

isDescriptionFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A semiotic relation that connects a description to a declared semiotic objec in a declaration process.
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a description to a declared semiotic objec in a declaration process.

hasMeasuredProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure.
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure.

isPieceOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasBeginTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections.
alternative label: hasTemporalFirst
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections.

hasMultipleMembers
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A sub collection relation where the proper part is fully encompasses some of the members of the collection.
elucidation: A sub collection relation where the proper part is fully encompasses some of the members of the collection.

hasMember
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A proper part which is not connected with the rest of the whole.
comment: The relation between individuals representing a collection and one or more of its members.
alternative label: hasMaximalPart
definition: A proper part which is not connected with the rest of the whole.
elucidation: The relation between individuals representing a collection and one or more of its members.
note: A maximal part is a proper part that is not connected with the rest of the whole.

hasPiece
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between two individuals representing an entity and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
alternative label: hasNotMaximalPart
elucidation: The relation between two individuals representing an entity and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
note: A non-maximal part is a proper part that is connected with the rest of the whole.

hasAccessConditions
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationTechnique
range: AccessConditions

hasBPMNDiagram
type: ObjectProperty
range: BPMNDiagram

hasBeginCharacterisationTask
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationWorkflow
range: CharacterisationTask
alternative label: hasBeginCharacterizationTask

hasCharacterisationComponent
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasCharacterizationComponent

hasCharacterisationEnvironment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedure
range: CharacterisationEnvironment
alternative label: hasCharacterizationEnvironment

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationEnvironment
range: CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty
alternative label: hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty

hasCharacterisationInput
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedure
range: CharacterisationData
alternative label: hasCharacterizationInput

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument
alternative label: hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument

hasCharacterisationOutput
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedure
range: CharacterisationData
alternative label: hasCharacterizationOutput

hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationTechnique
range: CharacterisationProcedureValidation

hasCharacterisationProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Sample
range: CharacterisationProperty
alternative label: hasCharacterizationProperty

hasCharacterisationSoftware
type: ObjectProperty
range: CharacterisationSoftware
alternative label: hasCharacterizationSoftware

hasCharacterisationTask
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationWorkflow
range: CharacterisationTask
alternative label: hasCharacterizationTask

hasDataAcquisitionRate
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RawData
range: DataAcquisitionRate

hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess

hasDataQuality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: DataPostProcessing
range: DataQuality

hasDataset
type: ObjectProperty

hasEndCharacterisationTask
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationWorkflow
range: CharacterisationTask
alternative label: hasEndCharacterizationTask

hasHardwareSpecification
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationHardware
range: CharacterisationHardwareSpecification

hasHazard
type: ObjectProperty
range: Hazard

hasHolder
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: Holder

hasInstrumentForCalibration
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CalibrationProcess
range: CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument

hasInteractionVolume
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: InteractionVolume

hasInteractionWithProbe
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: Probe

hasInteractionWithSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: Sample

hasLaboratory
type: ObjectProperty
range: Laboratory
alternative label: hasLab

hasLevelOfAutomation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationTechnique
range: LevelOfAutomation

hasMeasurementDetector
type: ObjectProperty
range: Detector

hasMeasurementParameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedure
range: MeasurementParameter

hasMeasurementProbe
type: ObjectProperty
range: Probe

hasMeasurementSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: Sample

hasMeasurementTime
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: MeasurementTime

hasOperator
type: ObjectProperty
range: Operator

hasPeerReviewedArticle
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedureValidation
comment: A reference to academic literature proving the scientific validity of the approach.
elucidation: A reference to academic literature proving the scientific validity of the approach.

hasPhysicsOfInteraction
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction

hasPostProcessingModel
type: ObjectProperty
domain: DataPostProcessing
range: PostProcessingModel

hasProcessingReproducibility
type: ObjectProperty
domain: DataPostProcessing

hasReferenceSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CalibrationProcess
range: ReferenceSample

hasSampleForInspection
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SampleInspection
range: Sample

hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: Sample
label: hasSampleForPreparation

hasSampleInspectionInstrument
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SampleInspection

hasSampleInspectionParameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SampleInspection
range: SampleInspectionParameter

hasSamplePreparationInstrument
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: SamplePreparationInstrument

hasSamplePreparationParameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: SamplePreparationParameter

hasSampledSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SampleExtraction
range: Sample

rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Rationale
range: CharacterisationProcedure

rationaleHasUserCase
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Rationale
range: UserCase

requiresLevelOfExpertise
type: ObjectProperty
range: LevelOfExpertise

isComponentOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasBinder
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a composite material or coating to a binder that provides mechanical cohesion and adhesion between its constituents
elucidation: relates a composite material or coating to a binder that provides mechanical cohesion and adhesion between its constituents

hasAnolyte
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the anode
elucidation: relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the anode

hasElectrochemicalCell
type: ObjectProperty

hasElectrolyte
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell or system to the electrolyte that enables ionic conduction between electrodes
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell or system to the electrolyte that enables ionic conduction between electrodes

hasCase
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a device or assembly to the outer enclosure or housing that provides mechanical protection and containment
elucidation: relates a device or assembly to the outer enclosure or housing that provides mechanical protection and containment

hasCoating
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a component to a coating that covers its surface to provide protective, functional, or structural properties
elucidation: relates a component to a coating that covers its surface to provide protective, functional, or structural properties

hasTestEquipment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: a property linking an electrochemical test to the equipment that is used to carry out the test.
elucidation: a property linking an electrochemical test to the equipment that is used to carry out the test.

hasElectrode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell or subsystem to an electrode that participates in electron transfer reactions
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell or subsystem to an electrode that participates in electron transfer reactions

hasTestObject
type: ObjectProperty
comment: a property linking an electrochemical test to the object being tested
elucidation: a property linking an electrochemical test to the object being tested

hasNegativeElectrode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which oxidation occurs during discharge
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which oxidation occurs during discharge

hasReferenceElectrode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode that provides a stable reference potential
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode that provides a stable reference potential

hasLayer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a system or component to a layer that forms part of its structural composition, typically distinguished by its material or functional characteristics
elucidation: relates a system or component to a layer that forms part of its structural composition, typically distinguished by its material or functional characteristics

hasAdditive
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a component or mixture to an additive that is included in minor quantity to modify physical, chemical, or electrochemical properties
elucidation: relates a component or mixture to an additive that is included in minor quantity to modify physical, chemical, or electrochemical properties

hasSolvent
type: ObjectProperty

hasActiveMaterial
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrode or other functional component to the material that participates directly in the primary electrochemical reaction
elucidation: relates an electrode or other functional component to the material that participates directly in the primary electrochemical reaction

hasSolute
type: ObjectProperty

hasPositiveElectrode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which reduction occurs during discharge
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which reduction occurs during discharge

hasSeparator
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a system to a separator that physically divides electrodes while allowing ionic transport
elucidation: relates a system to a separator that physically divides electrodes while allowing ionic transport

hasCatholyte
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the cathode
elucidation: relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the cathode

hasSubstrate
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a holistic system to the underlying material or surface onto which a coating, layer, or treatment is applied, serving as the base that supports and interacts with the added material.
elucidation: relates a holistic system to the underlying material or surface onto which a coating, layer, or treatment is applied, serving as the base that supports and interacts with the added material.

hasFormFactor
type: ObjectProperty

hasWorkingElectrode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode at which the primary reaction of interest occurs
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode at which the primary reaction of interest occurs

hasConductiveAdditive
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates a component or mixture to an additive that is intendend to increase the conductivity of the whole.
elucidation: relates a component or mixture to an additive that is intendend to increase the conductivity of the whole.

hasCurrentCollector
type: ObjectProperty

hasCounterElectrode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: relates an electrochemical cell or setup to the electrode that completes the electrical circuit and serves as a reference or counter to the working electrode
elucidation: relates an electrochemical cell or setup to the electrode that completes the electrical circuit and serves as a reference or counter to the working electrode

hasControlParameter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: a property that links a task to a parameter that is controlled during the task
elucidation: a property that links a task to a parameter that is controlled during the task

hasTerminationParameter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: a property that links a task to a parameter that determines the termination condition for that task
elucidation: a property that links a task to a parameter that determines the termination condition for that task

hasInsertedEntity
type: ObjectProperty

hasStringValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: string
note: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity.

hasDimensionString
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string.
elucidation: Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string.

hasSymbolValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
note: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity.

chemicalSymbolValue
type: DatatypeProperty

hasSIQuantityValue
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
comment: Relates a physical quantity to its value specified as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and a unit.
example: Example showing how to specify the value of a physical quantity in turtle using hasSIQuantityValue: height1 a emmo:Height ; hasSIQuantityValue "3 cm"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype .
elucidation: Relates a physical quantity to its value specified as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and a unit.
note: Using hasSIQuantityValue is a convenient, but less semantic, alternative to specify value and unit of a physical quantity compared to using the 'hasNumericalPart' and 'hasReferencePart'/'hasMetrologicalReference' relations. The unit should be a valid, possible prefixed, derived SI unit.

mathematicalSymbolValue
type: DatatypeProperty

hasIUPAC2016AtomicMass
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
comment: The mass of an atomic element according to IUPAC 2016.
comment: This is a convenient shortcut for the measurement process process of the atomic mass reported by IUPAC2016.
elucidation: The mass of an atomic element according to IUPAC 2016.

hasJSONValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: JSON
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO JSON data entity.
elucidation: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO JSON data entity.

hasSIConversionMultiplier
type: DatatypeProperty
range: double
comment: Number to multiply a SI coherent unit with when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
elucidation: Number to multiply a SI coherent unit with when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
note: Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset

hasPrefixMultiplier
type: DatatypeProperty
range: double
comment: Relates a SI prefixed unit to the multiplication factor corresponding to the prefix.
elucidation: Relates a SI prefixed unit to the multiplication factor corresponding to the prefix.

hasAtomicNumber
type: DatatypeProperty
range: integer
comment: The atomic number of an atomic element.
comment: This is a convenient shortcut for the conventional declaration process of assigning an atomic number to an atom subclass.
elucidation: The atomic number of an atomic element.

hasURLValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URL data entity.
elucidation: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URL data entity.

hasURIValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URI data entity.
elucidation: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URI data entity.

hasDataValue
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity.
elucidation: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity.
note: This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values).

hasURNValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URN data entity.
elucidation: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URN data entity.

hasSIConversionOffset
type: DatatypeProperty
range: double
comment: Number to add to a SI coherent unit when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
elucidation: Number to add to a SI coherent unit when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
note: Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset

hasPrefixSymbol
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Relates a SI prefixed unit to the prefix symbol.
deprecated: true
elucidation: Relates a SI prefixed unit to the prefix symbol.

unitSymbolValue
type: DatatypeProperty

hasORCID
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI
comment: Relates an individual to an ORCID that identifies the individual.
comment: The domain is not provided to not impose restrictions on the individual carrying the ORCID. Typically it will be a person (maximal) or a temporal part of a person.

hasNumberValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
note: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity.

hasManufacturer
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: CharacterisationHardware
range: string
comment: A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware
elucidation: A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware

hasModel
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: CharacterisationHardware
range: string
comment: A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware
elucidation: A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware

hasUniqueID
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: CharacterisationHardware
range: string
comment: A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware
elucidation: A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware

hasDateOfCalibration
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument
range: dateTime

hasIECCode
type: DatatypeProperty

hasANSICode
type: DatatypeProperty

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Thing

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: the schema.org term for an Organization
elucidation: the schema.org term for an Organization

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: the schema.org term for a Person
elucidation: the schema.org term for a Person

Ampere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: A
comment: The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
unit code: AMP
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A
ucumCode: A
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ampere
definition: The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300

AmperePerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: A.cm-1
unitSymbol: A/cm
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

AmperePerDegreeCelsius
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 57.29578
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A measure used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere per Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-DEG_C
ucumCode: A.Cel-1
ucumCode: A/Cel
unitSymbol: A/°C
elucidation: A measure used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature. -- QUDT

AmperePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Ampere per gram` is a practical unit to describe an (applied) current relative to the involved amount of material. This unit is often found in electrochemistry to standardize test conditions and compare various scales of investigated materials. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere per Gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-GM
unitSymbol: A⋅/g
elucidation: `Ampere per gram` is a practical unit to describe an (applied) current relative to the involved amount of material. This unit is often found in electrochemistry to standardize test conditions and compare various scales of investigated materials. -- QUDT

AmperePerJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The inverse measure of joule-per-ampere or weber. The measure for the reciprical of magnetic flux. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere per Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-J
ucumCode: A.J-1
ucumCode: A/J
unitSymbol: A/J
elucidation: The inverse measure of joule-per-ampere or weber. The measure for the reciprical of magnetic flux. -- QUDT

AmperePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M
ucumCode: A.m-1
ucumCode: A/m
unitSymbol: A/m
elucidation: is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT

AmperePerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: A.mm-1
ucumCode: A/mm
unitSymbol: A/mm
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

AmperePerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Ampere per Radian` is a derived unit for measuring the amount of current per unit measure of angle, expressed in ampere per radian. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere per Radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-RAD
ucumCode: A.rad-1
ucumCode: A/rad
unitSymbol: A/rad
elucidation: `Ampere per Radian` is a derived unit for measuring the amount of current per unit measure of angle, expressed in ampere per radian. -- QUDT

AmperePerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: A.cm-2
ucumCode: A/cm2
unitSymbol: A/cm²
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

AmperePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Ampere Per Square Meter` is a unit in the category of electric current density. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M2
ucumCode: A.m-2
ucumCode: A/m2
unitSymbol: A/m²
elucidation: `Ampere Per Square Meter` is a unit in the category of electric current density. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT

AmperePerSquareMetreSquareKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Ampere per square metre and square Kelvin.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M2-K2
ucumCode: A.m-2.K-2
ucumCode: A/(m2.K2)
unitSymbol: A/m²⋅k²
elucidation: Ampere per square metre and square Kelvin.

AmperePerSquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Per Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-MilliM2
ucumCode: A.mm-2
ucumCode: A/mm2
unitSymbol: A/mm²
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

AmpereSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product out of the SI base unit ampere and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-SEC
ucumCode: A.s
unitSymbol: A⋅s
elucidation: product out of the SI base unit ampere and the SI base unit second -- QUDT

AmpereSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI unit of electromagnetic moment. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-M2
ucumCode: A.m2
unitSymbol: A⋅m²
elucidation: The SI unit of electromagnetic moment. -- QUDT

AmpereSquareMetrePerJouleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI unit of gyromagnetic ratio. -- QUDT
alternative label: Ampere Square Metre Per Joule Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-M2-PER-J-SEC
ucumCode: A.m2.J-1.s-1
ucumCode: A.m2/(J.s)
unitSymbol: A⋅m²/(J⋅s)
elucidation: The SI unit of gyromagnetic ratio. -- QUDT

Arcminute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.908882E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: ′
comment: A minute of arc, arcminute, or minute arc (MOA), is a unit of angular measurement equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree (circle/21,600), or π /10,800 radians. In turn, a second of arc or arcsecond is one sixtieth (1/60) of one minute of arc. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred and sixtieth (1/360) of a rotation, one minute of arc is 1/21,600 of a rotation. -- QUDT
alternative label: ArcMinute
alternative label: MinuteOfArc
unit code: D61
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN
ucumCode: '
unitSymbol: '
elucidation: A minute of arc, arcminute, or minute arc (MOA), is a unit of angular measurement equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree (circle/21,600), or π /10,800 radians. In turn, a second of arc or arcsecond is one sixtieth (1/60) of one minute of arc. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred and sixtieth (1/360) of a rotation, one minute of arc is 1/21,600 of a rotation. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute_of_arc

Arcsecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 4.848137E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: ″
comment: "Arc Second" is a unit of angular measure, also called the `second of arc`, equal to 1/60 arcminute. One arcsecond is a very small angle: there are 1,296,000 in a circle. The SI recommends `double prime` ('') as the symbol for the arcsecond. The symbol has become common in astronomy, where very small angles are stated in milliarcseconds (mas). -- QUDT
alternative label: ArcSecond
alternative label: SecondOfArc
unit code: D62
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC
ucumCode: ''
unitSymbol: \"
elucidation: "Arc Second" is a unit of angular measure, also called the `second of arc`, equal to 1/60 arcminute. One arcsecond is a very small angle: there are 1,296,000 in a circle. The SI recommends `double prime` ('') as the symbol for the arcsecond. The symbol has become common in astronomy, where very small angles are stated in milliarcseconds (mas). -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute_of_arc#Symbols.2C_abbreviations_and_subdivisions

AstronomicalUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.495979E11
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: au
comment: An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or ua) is a unit of length equal to 149,597,870,700 metres (92,955,807.273 mi) or approximately the mean Earth Sun distance. The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries. In general, the International System of Units only uses capital letters for the symbols of units which are named after individual scientists, while au or a.u. can also mean atomic unit or even arbitrary unit. However, the use of AU to refer to the astronomical unit is widespread. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A. [Wikipedia] -- QUDT
comment: One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
alternative label: astronomical-unit
unit code: A12
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AU
ucumCode: AU
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit
definition: One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
unitSymbol: AU
unitSymbol: au
elucidation: An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or ua) is a unit of length equal to 149,597,870,700 metres (92,955,807.273 mi) or approximately the mean Earth Sun distance. The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries. In general, the International System of Units only uses capital letters for the symbols of units which are named after individual scientists, while au or a.u. can also mean atomic unit or even arbitrary unit. However, the use of AU to refer to the astronomical unit is widespread. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A. [Wikipedia] -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit

MoleFraction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Number of one type of species divided by the number of all species.
alternative label: AtomFraction
alternative label: MolePerMole
alternative label: Moles per mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-MOL
ucumCode: mol.mol-1
unitSymbol: atom-fraction
unitSymbol: atom_fraction
unitSymbol: mol/mol
unitSymbol: mole-fraction
unitSymbol: mole_fraction
elucidation: Number of one type of species divided by the number of all species.

AttoCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: An AttoColomb is 10⁻¹⁸ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AttoC
ucumCode: aC
unitSymbol: aC
elucidation: An AttoColomb is 10⁻¹⁸ C. -- QUDT

AttoFarad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Farad
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AttoFARAD
ucumCode: aF
unitSymbol: aF
elucidation: 0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT

AttoJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AttoJ
ucumCode: aJ
unitSymbol: aJ
elucidation: 0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT

AttoJouleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JouleSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: unit of the Planck's constant as product of the SI derived unit joule and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Attojoule Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AttoJ-SEC
ucumCode: aJ.s
unitSymbol: aJ⋅s
elucidation: unit of the Planck's constant as product of the SI derived unit joule and the SI base unit second -- QUDT

Becquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bq
comment: Radioactive decays per second.
comment: SI unit for radioactive activity.
unit code: BQL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ
ucumCode: Bq
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Becquerel
definition: Radioactive decays per second.
elucidation: SI unit for radioactive activity.
note: The SI derived unit of activity, usually meaning radioactivity. "Radioactivity" is caused when atoms disintegrate, ejecting energetic particles. One becquerel is the radiation caused by one disintegration per second; this is equivalent to about 27.0270 picocuries (pCi). The unit is named for a French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), the discoverer of radioactivity. Note: both the becquerel and the hertz are basically defined as one event per second, yet they measure different things. The hertz is used to measure the rates of events that happen periodically in a fixed and definite cycle. The becquerel is used to measure the rates of events that happen sporadically and unpredictably, not in a definite cycle. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becquerel
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624

BecquerelPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI derived unit of unit in the category of Radioactivity concentration. -- QUDT
alternative label: Becquerel per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-M3
ucumCode: Bq.m-3
ucumCode: Bq/m3
unitSymbol: Bq/m³
elucidation: The SI derived unit of unit in the category of Radioactivity concentration. -- QUDT

BecquerelPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Becquerel per Kilogram" is used to describe radioactivity, which is often expressed in becquerels per unit of volume or weight, to express how much radioactive material is contained in a sample. -- QUDT
alternative label: Becquerel per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: Bq.kg-1
ucumCode: Bq/kg
unitSymbol: Bq/kg
elucidation: "Becquerel per Kilogram" is used to describe radioactivity, which is often expressed in becquerels per unit of volume or weight, to express how much radioactive material is contained in a sample. -- QUDT

BecquerelPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Becquerel per square metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-M2
ucumCode: Bq.m-2
ucumCode: Bq/m2
unitSymbol: Bq/m²
elucidation: Becquerel per square metre.

BecquerelSecondPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Becquerels second per cubic metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-SEC-PER-M3
ucumCode: Bq.s.m-3
unitSymbol: Bq⋅s/m³
elucidation: Becquerels second per cubic metre.

Bel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: B
comment: A logarithmic unit of sound pressure equal to 10 decibels (dB), It is defined as: 1 B = (1/2) log₁₀(Np) -- QUDT
comment: One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`.
comment: Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel.
comment: bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively.
unit code: M72
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B
ucumCode: B
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bel
definition: One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`.
elucidation: A logarithmic unit of sound pressure equal to 10 decibels (dB), It is defined as: 1 B = (1/2) log₁₀(Np) -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

Candela
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: cd
comment: The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
unit code: CDL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD
ucumCode: cd
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Candela
definition: The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787

CandelaPerLumen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Candela per Lumen.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD-PER-LM
unitSymbol: cd/lm
elucidation: Candela per Lumen.

CandelaPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The candela per square metre (cd/m²) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nit = 1 cd/m²). As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m²; the sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. HDTVs range from 450 to about 1000 cd/m2. Typically, calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m². Nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitere, to shine. -- QUDT
alternative label: candela per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD-PER-M2
ucumCode: cd.m-2
ucumCode: cd/m2
unitSymbol: cd/m²
elucidation: The candela per square metre (cd/m²) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nit = 1 cd/m²). As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m²; the sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. HDTVs range from 450 to about 1000 cd/m2. Typically, calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m². Nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitere, to shine. -- QUDT

CentiCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A CentiCoulomb is 10⁻² C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiC
ucumCode: cC
unitSymbol: cC
elucidation: A CentiCoulomb is 10⁻² C. -- QUDT

CentiGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,000 01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiGM
ucumCode: cg
unitSymbol: cg
elucidation: 0,000 01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

CentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of 10. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM
ucumCode: cm
unitSymbol: cm
elucidation: A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of 10. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre

CentiMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MetrePerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,01-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Centimetre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM-PER-K
ucumCode: cm.K-1
ucumCode: cm/K
unitSymbol: cm/K
elucidation: 0,01-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

CentiMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MetrePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Centimeter per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as cm/s. -- QUDT
alternative label: centimetre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM-PER-SEC
ucumCode: cm.s-1
ucumCode: cm/s
unitSymbol: cm/s
elucidation: "Centimeter per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as cm/s. -- QUDT

CentiMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MetrePerSquareSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Centimeter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Linear Acceleration` expressed as cm/s². -- QUDT
alternative label: Centimetre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: cm.s-2
ucumCode: cm/s2
unitSymbol: cm/s²
elucidation: `Centimeter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Linear Acceleration` expressed as cm/s². -- QUDT

CentiMetreSecondDegreeCelsius
type: Class
comment: `Centimeter Second Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature Time' expressed as cm-s-degC. -- QUDT
alternative label: Centimetre Second Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM-SEC-DEG_C
ucumCode: cm.s.Cel-1
ucumCode: cm.s/Cel
unitSymbol: cm⋅s⋅°C
elucidation: `Centimeter Second Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature Time' expressed as cm-s-degC. -- QUDT

CentiMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Mole
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A centimole 0.01 N.
alternative label: centimole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiMOL
unitSymbol: cmol
elucidation: A centimole 0.01 N.

CentiMolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1/100 of SI unit of amount of substance per kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Centimole per kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiMOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: cmol.kg-1
ucumCode: cmol/kg
unitSymbol: cmol/kg
elucidation: 1/100 of SI unit of amount of substance per kilogram -- QUDT

CentiNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Newton
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A CentiNewton 0.01 N.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiN
unitSymbol: cN
elucidation: A CentiNewton 0.01 N.

CentiNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,01-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Centinewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiN-M
ucumCode: cN.m
unitSymbol: cN⋅m
elucidation: 0,01-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and SI base unit metre -- QUDT

Coulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: C
comment: SI unit for electric charge.
unit code: COU
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C
ucumCode: C
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Coulomb
elucidation: SI unit for electric charge.
note: The SI unit of electric charge. One coulomb is the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere. Electricity is actually a flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, or ions. The charge on one of these particles is a whole-number multiple of the charge e on a single electron, and one coulomb represents a charge of approximately 6.241 506 x 1018 e. The coulomb is named for a French physicist, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), who was the first to measure accurately the forces exerted between electric charges. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365

CoulombMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Coulomb Meter (C-m) is a unit in the category of Electric dipole moment. It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
unit code: A26
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-M
ucumCode: C.m
unitSymbol: C⋅m
elucidation: Coulomb Meter (C-m) is a unit in the category of Electric dipole moment. It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
note: It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.

CoulombPerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Per Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: C.cm-3
ucumCode: C/cm3
unitSymbol: C/cm³
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT

CoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Coulomb Per Cubic Meter (C/m³) is a unit in the category of Electric charge density. It is also known as coulomb per cubic metre, coulombs per cubic meter, coulombs per cubic metre, coulomb/cubic meter, coulomb/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Cubic Meter has a dimension of L⁻³TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M3
ucumCode: C.m-3
ucumCode: C/m3
unitSymbol: C/m³
elucidation: Coulomb Per Cubic Meter (C/m³) is a unit in the category of Electric charge density. It is also known as coulomb per cubic metre, coulombs per cubic meter, coulombs per cubic metre, coulomb/cubic meter, coulomb/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Cubic Meter has a dimension of L⁻³TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerCubicMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Per Cubic Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-MilliM3
ucumCode: C.mm-3
ucumCode: C/mm3
unitSymbol: C/mm³
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT

CoulombPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg)` is the unit in the category of Exposure. It is also known as coulombs per kilogram, coulomb/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg) has a dimension of M⁻¹TI where M is mass, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: C.kg-1
ucumCode: C/kg
unitSymbol: C/kg
elucidation: `Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg)` is the unit in the category of Exposure. It is also known as coulombs per kilogram, coulomb/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg) has a dimension of M⁻¹TI where M is mass, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerKilogramSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI unit of exposure rate -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Per Kilogram Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-KiloGM-SEC
ucumCode: C.kg-1.s-1
ucumCode: C/(kg.s)
unitSymbol: C/kg⋅s
elucidation: The SI unit of exposure rate -- QUDT

CoulombPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Coulomb per Meter" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Line Density' expressed as C/m. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M
ucumCode: C.m-1
ucumCode: C/m
unitSymbol: C/m
elucidation: "Coulomb per Meter" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Line Density' expressed as C/m. -- QUDT

CoulombPerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: (C/mol) is a unit in the category of Molar electric charge. It is also known as coulombs/mol. Coulomb Per Mol has a dimension of TN{-1}I where T is time, N is amount of substance, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-MOL
ucumCode: C.mol-1
ucumCode: C/mol
unitSymbol: c/mol
elucidation: (C/mol) is a unit in the category of Molar electric charge. It is also known as coulombs/mol. Coulomb Per Mol has a dimension of TN{-1}I where T is time, N is amount of substance, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: C.cm-2
ucumCode: C/cm2
unitSymbol: C/cm²
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

CoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m²) is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as coulombs per square meter, coulomb per square metre, coulombs per square metre, coulomb/square meter, coulomb/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m2) has a dimension of L⁻²TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M2
ucumCode: C.m-2
ucumCode: C/m2
unitSymbol: C/m²
elucidation: Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m²) is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as coulombs per square meter, coulomb per square metre, coulombs per square metre, coulomb/square meter, coulomb/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m2) has a dimension of L⁻²TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerSquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Per Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-MilliM2
ucumCode: C.mm-2
ucumCode: C/mm2
unitSymbol: C/mm²
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

CoulombSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) is a unit in the category of Electric quadrupole moment. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) has a dimension of L2TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-M2
ucumCode: C.m2
unitSymbol: C⋅m²
elucidation: Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) is a unit in the category of Electric quadrupole moment. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) has a dimension of L2TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombSquareMetrePerVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2-per-volt) is a unit in the category of Electric polarizability. -- QUDT
alternative label: Coulomb Square Metre Per Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-M2-PER-V
ucumCode: C.m2.V-1
ucumCode: C.m2/V
unitSymbol: C⋅m²/V
elucidation: Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2-per-volt) is a unit in the category of Electric polarizability. -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The CGS unit of volume, equal to 10-6 cubic meter, 1 milliliter, or about 0.061 023 7 cubic inch -- QUDT
alternative label: cubic centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3
ucumCode: cm3
unitSymbol: cm³
elucidation: The CGS unit of volume, equal to 10-6 cubic meter, 1 milliliter, or about 0.061 023 7 cubic inch -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: cm3.cm-3
ucumCode: cm3/cm3
unitSymbol: cm³/cm³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: cm3.m-3
ucumCode: cm3/m3
unitSymbol: cm³/m³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-K
ucumCode: cm3.K-1
ucumCode: cm3/K
unitSymbol: cm³/K
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-MOL
ucumCode: cm3.mol-1
ucumCode: cm3/mol
unitSymbol: cm³/mol
elucidation: 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerMoleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A unit that is the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic centimeter per mole second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-MOL-SEC
unitSymbol: cm³/(mol⋅s)
elucidation: A unit that is the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: cm3.s-1
ucumCode: cm3/s
unitSymbol: cm³/s
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

CubicCoulombMetrePerSquareJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule" is a unit for 'Cubic Electric Dipole Moment Per Square Energy' expressed as C³ m³ J⁻². -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Coulomb Metre per Square Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C3-M-PER-J2
ucumCode: C3.m.J-2
ucumCode: C3.m/J2
unitSymbol: C³⋅m/J²
elucidation: "Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule" is a unit for 'Cubic Electric Dipole Moment Per Square Energy' expressed as C³ m³ J⁻². -- QUDT

CubicDecaMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Decametre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DecaM3
ucumCode: dam3
unitSymbol: dam³
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3
ucumCode: dm3
unitSymbol: dm³
elucidation: 0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: dm3.m-3
ucumCode: dm3/m3
unitSymbol: dm³/m³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-MOL
ucumCode: dm3.mol-1
ucumCode: dm3/mol
unitSymbol: dm³/mol
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time second -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: dm3.s-1
ucumCode: dm3/s
unitSymbol: dm³/s
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time second -- QUDT

CubicKiloMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Cubic Kilometer per Square Second` is a unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as km³/s². -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Kilometre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloM3-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: km3.s-2
ucumCode: km3/s2
unitSymbol: km³/s²
elucidation: `Cubic Kilometer per Square Second` is a unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as km³/s². -- QUDT

CubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons. -- QUDT
unit code: MTQ
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3
omReference: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre
ucumCode: m3
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cubic_metre
unitSymbol: m³
elucidation: The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_metre

CubicMetrePerCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Cubic metre per Coulomb.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-C
ucumCode: m3.C-1
unitSymbol: m³/C
elucidation: Cubic metre per Coulomb.

CubicMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3. -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Metre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-M3
ucumCode: m3.m-3
unitSymbol: m³/m³
elucidation: Power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Cubic metre per Kelvin.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-K
ucumCode: m3.K-1
unitSymbol: m³/K
elucidation: Cubic metre per Kelvin.

CubicMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific volume. It is also known as cubic meters per kilogram, cubic metre per kilogram, cubic metres per kilogram, cubic meter/kilogram, cubic metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) has a dimension of M-1L3 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: m3.kg-1
ucumCode: m3/kg
unitSymbol: m³/kg
elucidation: Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific volume. It is also known as cubic meters per kilogram, cubic metre per kilogram, cubic metres per kilogram, cubic meter/kilogram, cubic metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) has a dimension of M-1L3 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerKilogramSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Cubic metre per kilogram and square second.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-KiloGM-SEC2
ucumCode: m3.(kg.s2)-1
ucumCode: m3.kg-1.s-2
ucumCode: m3/(kg.s2)
unitSymbol: m³/(kg⋅s²)
elucidation: Cubic metre per kilogram and square second.

CubicMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density. It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole m3/mol, although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole dm3/mol for gases and cubic centimetres per mole cm3/mol for liquids and solids. -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-MOL
ucumCode: m3.mol-1
ucumCode: m3/mol
unitSymbol: m³/mol
elucidation: The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density. It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole m3/mol, although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole dm3/mol for gases and cubic centimetres per mole cm3/mol for liquids and solids. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A cubic metre per second (m³s⁻¹, m³/s), cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre ( u0303 39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow. -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: m3.s-1
ucumCode: m3/s
unitSymbol: m³/s
elucidation: A cubic metre per second (m³s⁻¹, m³/s), cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre ( u0303 39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Metre Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-M2
ucumCode: m3.m-2
unitSymbol: m³/m²
elucidation: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Cubic Meter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as m³/s² -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: m3.s-2
ucumCode: m3/s2
unitSymbol: m³/s²
elucidation: `Cubic Meter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as m³/s² -- QUDT

CubicMicroMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Cubic micrometre per cubic metre unit.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: um3.m-3
unitSymbol: µm³/m³
elucidation: Cubic micrometre per cubic metre unit.

CubicMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A metric measure of volume or capacity equal to a cube 1 millimeter on each edge -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM3
ucumCode: mm3
unitSymbol: mm³
elucidation: A metric measure of volume or capacity equal to a cube 1 millimeter on each edge -- QUDT

CubicMilliMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Cubic Millimetre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: mm3.m-3
unitSymbol: mm³/m³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

Dalton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.660539E-27
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Da
comment: One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
comment: The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: μ) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of 1.660538782(83) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally". -- QUDT
alternative label: AtomicMassUnit
unit code: D43
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Da
ucumCode: u
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit
definition: One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
unitSymbol: amu
elucidation: The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: μ) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of 1.660538782(83) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally". -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514

Day
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 86400.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: d
comment: A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
comment: Mean solar day -- QUDT
unit code: DAY
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY
ucumCode: d
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Day
definition: A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
elucidation: Mean solar day -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527

DecaCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A DecaCoulomb is 10 C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DecaC
ucumCode: daC
unitSymbol: daC
elucidation: A DecaCoulomb is 10 C. -- QUDT

DecaGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DecaGM
ucumCode: dag
unitSymbol: dag
elucidation: 0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

DecaMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 10-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DecaM
ucumCode: dam
unitSymbol: dam
elucidation: 10-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

DecaPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Pascal
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 10-fold of the derived SI unit pascal -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DecaPA
ucumCode: daPa
unitSymbol: daPa
elucidation: 10-fold of the derived SI unit pascal -- QUDT

DeciBel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Bel
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A customary logarithmic measure most commonly used (in various ways) for measuring sound.Sound is measured on a logarithmic scale. Informally, if one sound is 1 bel (10 decibels) "louder" than another, this means the louder sound is 10 times louder than the fainter one. A difference of 20 decibels corresponds to an increase of 10 x 10 or 100 times in intensity. The beginning of the scale, 0 decibels, can be set in different ways, depending on exactly the aspect of sound being measured. For sound intensity (the power of the sound waves per unit of area) 0 decibel is equal to 1 picoWatts per Metre Squared. This corresponds approximately to the faintest sound that can be detected by a person who has good hearing. For sound pressure (the pressure exerted by the sound waves) 0 decibels equals 20 micropascals RMS, and for sound power 0 decibels sometimes equals 1 picoWatt. In all cases, one decibel equals ≈ 0.115129 neper. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciB
ucumCode: dB
unitSymbol: dB
elucidation: A customary logarithmic measure most commonly used (in various ways) for measuring sound.Sound is measured on a logarithmic scale. Informally, if one sound is 1 bel (10 decibels) "louder" than another, this means the louder sound is 10 times louder than the fainter one. A difference of 20 decibels corresponds to an increase of 10 x 10 or 100 times in intensity. The beginning of the scale, 0 decibels, can be set in different ways, depending on exactly the aspect of sound being measured. For sound intensity (the power of the sound waves per unit of area) 0 decibel is equal to 1 picoWatts per Metre Squared. This corresponds approximately to the faintest sound that can be detected by a person who has good hearing. For sound pressure (the pressure exerted by the sound waves) 0 decibels equals 20 micropascals RMS, and for sound power 0 decibels sometimes equals 1 picoWatt. In all cases, one decibel equals ≈ 0.115129 neper. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

DeciCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A DeciCoulomb is 10⁻¹ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciC
ucumCode: dC
unitSymbol: dC
elucidation: A DeciCoulomb is 10⁻¹ C. -- QUDT

DeciGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.0001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciGM
ucumCode: dg
unitSymbol: dg
elucidation: 0.0001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

DeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A decimeter is a tenth of a meter. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM
ucumCode: dm
unitSymbol: dm
elucidation: A decimeter is a tenth of a meter. -- QUDT

DeciNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Newton
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciN
unitSymbol: dN

DeciNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.1-fold of the product of the derived SI unit joule and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Decinewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciN-M
ucumCode: dN.m
unitSymbol: dN⋅m
elucidation: 0.1-fold of the product of the derived SI unit joule and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

DeciSiemens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Siemens
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A decisiemens is 0.1 S.
alternative label: decisiemens
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciS
unitSymbol: dS
elucidation: A decisiemens is 0.1 S.

DeciSiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: SiemensPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Decisiemens per metre. -- QUDT
alternative label: decisiemens per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciS-PER-M
ucumCode: dS.m-1
ucumCode: dS/m
unitSymbol: dS/m
elucidation: Decisiemens per metre. -- QUDT

Degree
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01745329
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: °
comment: A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to 2π /360 rad, 0.017453 rad. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit. -- QUDT
comment: Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
unit code: DD
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG
ucumCode: deg
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle)
definition: Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
elucidation: A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to 2π /360 rad, 0.017453 rad. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560

DegreeCelsius
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: -273.15
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: °C
comment: Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences.
unit code: CEL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C
ucumCode: Cel
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Celsius
elucidation: Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences.
note: Celsius, also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales' null points as being precisely 273.15 °C. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561

DegreeCelsiusCentiMetre
type: Class
comment: `Degree Celsius Centimeter` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as cm-degC. -- QUDT
alternative label: Degree Celsius Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-CentiM
ucumCode: Cel.cm
unitSymbol: °C⋅cm
elucidation: `Degree Celsius Centimeter` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as cm-degC. -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusKilogramPerSquareMetre
type: Class
comment: Derived unit for the product of the temperature in degrees Celsius and the mass density of a medium, integrated over vertical depth or height in metres. -- QUDT
alternative label: Degrees Celsius kilogram per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-KiloGM-PER-M2
ucumCode: Cel.kg.m-2
unitSymbol: °C⋅kg/m²
elucidation: Derived unit for the product of the temperature in degrees Celsius and the mass density of a medium, integrated over vertical depth or height in metres. -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusPerKelvin
type: Class
comment: unit with the name Degree Celsius divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Degree Celsius Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-K
ucumCode: Cel.K-1
ucumCode: Cel/K
unitSymbol: °C/K
elucidation: unit with the name Degree Celsius divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusPerMetre
type: Class
comment: Degree Celsius per metre unit.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-M
ucumCode: Cel.m-1
unitSymbol: °C/m
elucidation: Degree Celsius per metre unit.

DegreeCelsiusPerSecond
type: Class
comment: `Degree Celsius per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / s. -- QUDT
alternative label: Degree Celsius per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Cel.s-1
ucumCode: Cel/s
unitSymbol: °C/s
elucidation: `Degree Celsius per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / s. -- QUDT

AreaPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTemperature'.

CarbonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 12.011
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 6
comment: Atom subclass for carbon.
elucidation: Atom subclass for carbon.

UraniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: U
comment: The symbol that stands for the uranium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the uranium atom.

Semiosis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The class for entities where an interpreter, interpretant, reference and sign relate with each others semiotically.
example: Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Deduction or Declaration or Cognition
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: FullSemiosis or PartialSemiosis
elucidation: The class for entities where an interpreter, interpretant, reference and sign relate with each others semiotically.
note: Semiosis is intended here as a 4D entity, meaning that is not necessarily intended as a process. This enables users to represent more general state of things without necessarily committing to a process/object classification (which in a 4D framework is subjective, and not ontological) through the persistence perspective (in fact semiotics module is independent from persistence module). For example, in a deduction (semiosis) the yellow tinted skin (index) of a patient is a symptom for liver desease (referent) according to a doctor (interpreter). If the user wants to include a commit towards persistency then the deduction can be either: - an obejct: the deduction is a system (object) and the doctor, skin and patient are object components - a process: where the deduction is a process and the doctor, skin and patient are participants Since in the EMMO the object/process categorisation is relation-driven and object/process are not disjointed, the abovementioned deduction can be seen both as a process or object depending on the relation used by the user to navigate the graph.

CommercialProduct
type: Class
comment: An product that is ready for commercialisation.
alternative label: Product
elucidation: An product that is ready for commercialisation.

PhotochemicalProcesses
type: Class

DrawForming
type: Class
comment: Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.
see also: DIN 8584-2:2003-09

IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation
type: Class
comment: A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated.
elucidation: A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated.

OsmiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 190.23
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 76
comment: Atom subclass for osmium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for osmium.

ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent
type: Class
comment: Real part of the admittance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.2
elucidation: Real part of the admittance.

MagneticReluctivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctivity'.

DoseEquivalentRate
type: Class
comment: Time derivative of the dose equivalent.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-83.2
elucidation: Time derivative of the dose equivalent.

Factory
type: Class
comment: A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.
alternative label: IndustrialPlant
elucidation: A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Factory
etymology: From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do).

NCNameData
type: Class

Holistic
type: Class
comment: A perspective characterized by the belief that: - a whole is more than merely the sum of its parts (wholism) - the parts of a whole are interconnected in a way that can be explained only by reference to the whole (rolism).
comment: An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole, on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), and their types, without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature.
comment: The union of classes whole and part.
alternative label: Wholistic
example: A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.
example: A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated.
conceptualisation: An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole, on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), and their types, without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature.
definition: The union of classes whole and part.
elucidation: A perspective characterized by the belief that: - a whole is more than merely the sum of its parts (wholism) - the parts of a whole are interconnected in a way that can be explained only by reference to the whole (rolism).
note: The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement.
note: Whole and roles are defined using parthood relations. However, there also must be a primitive component in the definition, besides parthood, capturing more subtle relations between entities that makes their relation holistic. For example, a scattering event between an electron and a nucleus requires electron and nucleus types as parts to exist, but this is not enough to make this event an atom, since it requires a persistent bond. So defining something as an atom iff have parts some electons and a nucleus is not enough.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Wholistic
etymology: From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Holistic
etymology: Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire").

PerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperature'.

PhysicalQuantity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model.
comment: In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1
comment: Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions.
comment: Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m).
comment: — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: DerivedQuantity, BaseQuantity
elucidation: A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model.

Coupled
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

TimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Time'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Time'.

GyromagneticRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum.
alternative label: GyromagneticCoefficient
alternative label: MagnetogyricRatio
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552
ISO80000Reference: 10-12.1
elucidation: Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693

Velocity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2
comment: The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1
comment: Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465
ISO80000Reference: 3-8.1
ISO80000Reference: 3‑10.1
elucidation: Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3

MicrowaveSintering
type: Class

Sintering
type: Class
comment: Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles
see also: ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion
alternative label: Sintern
elucidation: Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
note: Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion

BraggAngle
type: Class
comment: Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118
ISO80000Reference: 12-4
elucidation: Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane.

ResonanceEnergy
type: Class
comment: Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187
ISO80000Reference: 10-37.2
elucidation: Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle.

Centi
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: c
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1/100.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1/100.

FundamentalLatticeVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063
ISO80000Reference: 12-1.2
elucidation: Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice.

SimulationLanguage
type: Class
comment: A computer language used to describe simulations.
elucidation: A computer language used to describe simulations.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language

AdditiveManufacturing
type: Class
alternative label: GenerativeManufacturing
note: process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,

Axiom
annotated target: process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,
see also: ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2

DecayConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t.
alternative label: DisintegrationConstant
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-24
elucidation: Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538

LuminousEfficacyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousEfficacy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousEfficacy'.

Laplacian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Δ

AmountFraction
type: Class
comment: The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
alternative label: MoleFraction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction
elucidation: The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296

ElectricInductance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
alternative label: Inductance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-41.1
elucidation: A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076

Weight
type: Class
comment: Force of gravity acting on a body.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.2
elucidation: Force of gravity acting on a body.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668

Gas
type: Class
comment: Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.
elucidation: Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.

Interpreter
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'.
example: For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters).
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo. Cogniser or Declarer or Deducer
elucidation: The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'.
note: The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity.

AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountSquareTimePerMassVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountSquareTimePerMassVolume'.

Interpretant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process.
example: A film is the interpretant for a camera, which is the interpreter. The object captured by the camera is the referent. The film is the internal representation of the object, i.e. how the camera understand the object according to its capacity. The film (interpretant) refers to the object (referent) according to the camera (interpreter). When the film is removed from the camera, developed and printed on photographic paper (or for digital camera the image is downloaded as jpeg and displayed on a laptop) then we create a sign other than the interpretant. However, in case of analogic film we can always look at the negatve that will suggest the intended referent. This is because both sign and interpretant are related to the referent in a similar way. (What we call sign and interpretant in EMMO are both intended as "signs" in Peirce semiotics, the first being external signal for the interpreter and the second the internal sign)
elucidation: The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process.

Symbolic
type: Class
comment: A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
example: fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i<N;++i)
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: SymbolicConstruct or Symbol
elucidation: A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
note: A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet.
note: A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Symbolic
etymology: From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).

Density
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material.
alternative label: MassConcentration
alternative label: MassDensity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density
ISO80000Reference: Mass per volume.
ISO80000Reference: 4-2
ISO80000Reference: 9-10
elucidation: Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590

Quantity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
comment: A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance.
alternative label: Measurand
example: length Rockwell C hardness electric resistance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: SubjectiveProperty, ObjectiveProperty
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: PhysicalQuantity or OrdinalQuantity
elucidation: A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance.
VIMTerm: measurand
VIMTerm: quantity
note: VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue.

Axiom
annotated target: measurand
note: VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity.

QualityFactor
type: Class
comment: Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-53
elucidation: Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism.

Vector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers.
alternative label: 1DArray
alternative label: LinearArray
elucidation: 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers.

EquilibriumConstant
type: Class
comment: The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved.
comment: for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}.
alternative label: EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809
elucidation: for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177

PicoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "pico" (1e-12).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "pico" (1e-12).

Welding
type: Class
comment: Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
alternative label: Schweißen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
see also: DIN EN 13956:2013-03

PerEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerEnergy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerEnergy'.

GadoliniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 157.25
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 64
comment: Atom subclass for gadolinium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for gadolinium.

DisplacementCurrentDensity
type: Class
comment: Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-18
elucidation: Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density.

LithiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Li
comment: The symbol that stands for the lithium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the lithium atom.

CadmiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 112.414
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 48
comment: Atom subclass for cadmium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for cadmium.

AtomicNumber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber
ISO80000Reference: 10-1.1
elucidation: Number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499

MagneticReluctanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctance'.

BohriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bh
comment: The symbol that stands for the bohrium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the bohrium atom.

DragCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance.
alternative label: DragFactor
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.4
elucidation: Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance.

MaterialRelationComputation
type: Class

CuriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 247.07035
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 96
comment: Atom subclass for curium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for curium.

MeanEnergyImparted
type: Class
comment: Expectation value of the energy imparted.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-80.2
elucidation: Expectation value of the energy imparted.

DerivedUnit
type: Class
comment: Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities.
elucidation: Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities.
VIMTerm: derived unit
note: A measurement unit for a derived quantity. -- VIM

Height
type: Class
comment: Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Height
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.3
elucidation: Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height

PlasticSintering
type: Class

Java
type: Class

Minimal
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole is proper part of an entity of that type.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole is proper part of an entity of that type.
note: A minimal class M (subclass of Minimal) is defined by choosing a reference type φ so that M is subclass of φ, all parts of x are needed to keep φ(x) and x is proper part of a larger φ entity.

Filling
type: Class

Permeability
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field .
alternative label: ElectromagneticPermeability
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability
ISO80000Reference: 6-26.2
elucidation: Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field .
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503

EnergyPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerAmount'.

LutetiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 174.9668
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 71
comment: Atom subclass for lutetium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for lutetium.

Power
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Rate of transfer of energy per unit time.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power
ISO80000Reference: 4-27
ISO80000Reference: 6-45
elucidation: Rate of transfer of energy per unit time.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792

LengthPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerAmount'.

TinSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sn
comment: The symbol that stands for the tin atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the tin atom.

InteractingSystem
type: Class
comment: A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least two causal paths that are interacting.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: PhysicalObject, PhysicalPhenomenon
elucidation: A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least two causal paths that are interacting.

Probability
type: Class
comment: Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event.
comment: The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events.
elucidation: Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855

AtomicScatteringFactor
type: Class
comment: Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.3
elucidation: Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor

ZeroManifold
type: Class
comment: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 0-dimensional Euclidean space.
alternative label: 0-manifold
elucidation: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 0-dimensional Euclidean space.

RollingResistance
type: Class
comment: Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.
alternative label: RollingDrag
alternative label: RollingFrictionForce
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.5
elucidation: Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.

Duration
type: Class
comment: Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-9
elucidation: Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events.

AmorphousMaterial
type: Class
alternative label: NonCrystallineMaterial

ResonanceEscapeProbability
type: Class
comment: In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072
ISO80000Reference: 10-68
elucidation: In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.

Dispersion
type: Class
comment: A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase.
elucidation: A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase.

SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
type: Class
comment: Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-10.2
elucidation: Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr.

Inequality
type: Class
comment: A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
example: f(x) > 0
elucidation: A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.

ArsenicSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: As
comment: The symbol that stands for the arsenic atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the arsenic atom.

Crystal
type: Class
comment: A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)
elucidation: A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Crystal
etymology: From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”).

Axiom
annotated target: A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)

ZincSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Zn
comment: The symbol that stands for the zinc atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the zinc atom.

OneManifold
type: Class
comment: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 1-dimensional Euclidean space.
alternative label: 1-manifold
elucidation: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 1-dimensional Euclidean space.
note: One-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles, but not self-crossing curves. Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane.

Axiom
annotated target: One-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles, but not self-crossing curves. Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifold

SupplyChain
type: Class
comment: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
elucidation: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.

Axiom
annotated target: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain

MolarAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828
ISO80000Reference: 10-51
elucidation: Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium.

TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePressurePerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePressurePerTime'.

Index
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity.
alternative label: Signal
example: Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status.
elucidation: A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Index
etymology: From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”).

AnalogData
type: Class
comment: Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
example: A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound.
elucidation: Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
note: The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum.

CurrentLinkage
type: Class
comment: For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.4
elucidation: For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path.

GoldAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 196.966569
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 79
comment: Atom subclass for gold.
elucidation: Atom subclass for gold.

TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureLengthPerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureLengthPerTime'.

MolybdenumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 95.95
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 42
comment: Atom subclass for molybdenum.
elucidation: Atom subclass for molybdenum.

DragForce
type: Class
comment: Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.6
elucidation: Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid.

Compressibility
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-20
elucidation: Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.

PhaseHeterogeneousMixture
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists.
elucidation: A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists.
note: Phase heterogeneous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter.

DateTimeData
type: Class
comment: A data that represents instants of time, optionally marked with a particular time zone offset.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:dateTime
elucidation: A data that represents instants of time, optionally marked with a particular time zone offset.

BismuthAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 208.9804
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 83
comment: Atom subclass for bismuth.
elucidation: Atom subclass for bismuth.

DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571
ISO80000Reference: 10-41
elucidation: Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction.

TemporalRole
type: Class
comment: An holistic temporal part of a whole.
alternative label: HolisticTemporalPart
elucidation: An holistic temporal part of a whole.

PhaseHomogeneousMixture
type: Class
comment: A single phase mixture.
elucidation: A single phase mixture.

Coercivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-31
elucidation: Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength.

TotalComposition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A language construct that represents fraction or amount of all constituents of a substance.
elucidation: A language construct that represents fraction or amount of all constituents of a substance.

RutheniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ru
comment: The symbol that stands for the ruthenium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the ruthenium atom.

Permittivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity
ISO80000Reference: 6-14.1
ISO80000Reference: 6-14.2
elucidation: Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507

TitaniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 47.867
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 22
comment: Atom subclass for titanium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for titanium.

Curve
type: Class
comment: A one-manyfold with two unconnected end points.
elucidation: A one-manyfold with two unconnected end points.

ParticlesSystem
type: Class
comment: A particles system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
alternative label: NonInteractingSystem
example: A W boson that travels through time and space and decays in a quark and anti-quark, and their evolution after their generation.
elucidation: A particles system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
note: A particle system is a combination of elementary particles that may include also decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles.

TotalMassStoppingPower
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material.
alternative label: MassStoppingPower
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-55
elucidation: Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material.

PhysicalObjectByBond
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of physical objects by how they are bonded.
elucidation: Categorisation of physical objects by how they are bonded.

ThermalConductivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductivity'.

MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassAmountOfSubstance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassAmountOfSubstance'.

MeasurementResult
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Result of a measurement. A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -- VIM
elucidation: Result of a measurement. A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -- VIM
VIMTerm: measurement result
note: A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf).
note: A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts.

CausalPath
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
comment: The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
alternative label: CausalChain
alternative label: Elementary
example: An electron moving in time interacting with other particles.
conceptualisation: A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: MultiParticlePath, ElementaryParticle
elucidation: The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
note: A causal path is a concept almost equivalent to the concept of elementary particle in physics.

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
elucidation: This axiom underlines the monodimensional nature of a causal chain, as a sequence of quanta.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: CausalChain
etymology: From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”).

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Elementary
etymology: From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalPath
etymology: From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”).

IsentropicCompressibility
type: Class
comment: Quantity characterizing the relative variation of volume V with pressure p at constant entropy.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-5.2
elucidation: Quantity characterizing the relative variation of volume V with pressure p at constant entropy.
note: The coherent SI unit of isentropic compressibility is pascal to the power minus one, 1/Pa.

SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareMassPerSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareMassPerSquareTime'.

Determination
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure.
alternative label: Characterisation
example: Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Estimation or Observation
elucidation: A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure.

DateTimeStampData
type: Class
comment: A data that represents instants of time, marked with a particular time zone offset.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:dateTimeStamp
elucidation: A data that represents instants of time, marked with a particular time zone offset.

AreaPerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTime'.

VanadiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: V
comment: The symbol that stands for the vanadium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the vanadium atom.

SymbolicByStructure
type: Class
comment: Symbolic caterorised by its internal structure.
elucidation: Symbolic caterorised by its internal structure.

PerAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerArea'.

Giga
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: G
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e9.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e9.

DeciPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "deci" (0.1).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "deci" (0.1).

ElectricCurrentDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensity'.

MercurySymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hg
comment: The symbol that stands for the mercury atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the mercury atom.

PlatinumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 195.084
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 78
comment: Atom subclass for platinum.
elucidation: Atom subclass for platinum.

PaperManufacturing
type: Class

CeriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 140.116
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 58
comment: Atom subclass for cerium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for cerium.

ActivityOfSolute
type: Class
comment: For a solute X in a solution; quantity proportional to the absolute activity.
alternative label: RelativeActivityOfSolute
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862
ISO80000Reference: 9-24
elucidation: For a solute X in a solution; quantity proportional to the absolute activity.

IntrinsicCarrierDensity
type: Class
comment: Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.3
elucidation: Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor.

SICoherentDerivedUnit
type: Class
comment: A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one.
comment: This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only.
example: m/s kg/m^3
elucidation: A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one.

Service
type: Class
alternative label: IntangibleProduct

PressurePerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTemperature'.

GasMixture
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

PseudoscalarMeson
type: Class
comment: A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
elucidation: A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson

IonActivity
type: Class
comment: Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C.
comment: The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient
comment: ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°.
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°.

Heat
type: Class
comment: Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter.
alternative label: AmountOfHeat
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat
ISO80000Reference: 5-6.1
elucidation: Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752

RelativePermittivity
type: Class
comment: Permittivity divided by electric constant.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-15
elucidation: Permittivity divided by electric constant.

Participant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An object which is a spatial part of a process.
example: A student during an examination.
elucidation: An object which is a spatial part of a process.

FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399
ISO80000Reference: 12-2.2
elucidation: Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice.

NaturalProcess
type: Class
comment: A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws.
alternative label: NonIntentionalProcess
elucidation: A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws.

GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton.
alternative label: NuclearGFactor
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250
ISO80000Reference: 10-14.2
elucidation: Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton.

DataExchangeLanguage
type: Class
comment: A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline.
example: JSON, YAML, XML
elucidation: A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages

AmountConductivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConductivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConductivity'.

CompiledLanguage
type: Class

ParticleSourceDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762
ISO80000Reference: 10-66
elucidation: Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume.

ErbiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 167.259
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 68
comment: Atom subclass for erbium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for erbium.

LuminousIntensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousIntensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousIntensity'.

NonSIUnit
type: Class
comment: Measurement units that are not SI units.
elucidation: Measurement units that are not SI units.

NeptuniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 237.04817
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 93
comment: Atom subclass for neptunium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for neptunium.

PlutoniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pu
comment: The symbol that stands for the plutonium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the plutonium atom.

AbsorbedDoseRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-84
elucidation: Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time.

CountingUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count.
example: Unit of atomic number Unit of number of cellular Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM
ucumCode: 1
elucidation: Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count.

Reductionistic
type: Class
comment: A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels.
elucidation: A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels.
note: A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - are proper parts of y - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - do not overlap - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional)
note: Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective.

ElectricCharge
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
alternative label: Charge
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111
ISO80000Reference: 6-2
elucidation: The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923

JavaScript
type: Class

IUPACName
type: Class
comment: Name of a chemical according to the IUPAC standard.
elucidation: Name of a chemical according to the IUPAC standard.

ThermalSprayingForming
type: Class

ManufacturingSystem
type: Class
comment: A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.
elucidation: A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.

Galvanizing
type: Class

Rotation
type: Class
comment: Number of turns.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-14
elucidation: Number of turns.
elucidation: Rotation is not necessarily integer.

MassConcentration
type: Class
comment: Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration
elucidation: Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713

SingleComponentComposition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A language construct that represents the fraction or amount of a single constituent of a substance.
elucidation: A language construct that represents the fraction or amount of a single constituent of a substance.

EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852
elucidation: Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media.

AvogadroConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
comment: The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant
elucidation: The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543

PartialSemiosis
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the triangle of relation is not completely developed.
elucidation: A semiosis where the triangle of relation is not completely developed.

ManganeseSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mn
comment: The symbol that stands for the manganese atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the manganese atom.

Voltage
type: Class
comment: Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field.
comment: The difference in electric potential between two points.
alternative label: ElectricPotentialDifference
alternative label: ElectricTension
scope note: Voltage represents the difference in electric potential between two points in an electric circuit. In electrochemistry, it refers to the potential difference between the electrodes of a battery or electrochemical cell. Voltage influences the driving force of redox reactions and determines energy output in batteries, fuel cells, and electrolysis processes. It is commonly measured in volts (V).
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage
ISO80000Reference: 6-11.3
elucidation: The difference in electric potential between two points.
caution: Voltage is often used interchangeably with electric potential, but technically, voltage refers to a potential difference between two points.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424

TaskByPosition
type: Class
comment: A task in a workflow, categorised by its position in the workflow.
elucidation: A task in a workflow, categorised by its position in the workflow.

SharedAgency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Shared agency occurs when two or more individuals do something together.
elucidation: Shared agency occurs when two or more individuals do something together.

AmountPerAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerArea'.

MassFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses.
example: Unit for mass fraction.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses.

AstatineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 209.98715
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 85
comment: Atom subclass for astatine.
elucidation: Atom subclass for astatine.

PraseodymiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 140.90766
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 59
comment: Atom subclass for praseodymium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for praseodymium.

ModellingLanguage
type: Class
comment: An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
example: Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures.
example: Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation.
elucidation: An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language

MetrologicalReference
type: Class
comment: A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2).
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: StandardUnit or MeasurementUnit or ProcedureUnit
elucidation: A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2).
note: A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties).

RealData
type: Class
comment: A data representing a real number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some owl:real
elucidation: A data representing a real number.

DysprosiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Dy
comment: The symbol that stands for the dysprosium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the dysprosium atom.

Extensive
type: Class
comment: A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.
comment: Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
example: Mass Volume Entropy
elucidation: A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.

HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.8
elucidation: Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.

Dataset
type: Class
comment: Encoded data made of more than one datum.
elucidation: Encoded data made of more than one datum.

Cogniser
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)
example: The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon.
elucidation: An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Cogniser
etymology: From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”

LorenzNumberUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LorenzNumber'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LorenzNumber'.

OsmoticPressure
type: Class
comment: Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135
ISO80000Reference: 9-28
elucidation: Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344

ComputerLanguage
type: Class
comment: A formal language used to communicate with a computer.
elucidation: A formal language used to communicate with a computer.
note: The categorisation of computer languages is based on Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language

ElectricDipoleMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-6
elucidation: An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929

Ablation
type: Class
comment: Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
alternative label: Abtragen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
see also: DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02

DataByStructure
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of data by its structure.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Dataset or Datum
elucidation: Categorisation of data by its structure.

ISQBaseQuantity
type: Class
comment: Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
elucidation: Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities

LatticePlaneSpacing
type: Class
comment: distance between successive lattice planes
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046
ISO80000Reference: 12-3
elucidation: distance between successive lattice planes

SpinQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.5
elucidation: Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin.

TaskByFlow
type: Class
comment: A task in a workflow, categorised by how it is connected to other tasks.
elucidation: A task in a workflow, categorised by how it is connected to other tasks.

MetallicPowderSintering
type: Class

ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy'.

NMTOKENData
type: Class

SlowingDownDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830
ISO80000Reference: 10-67
elucidation: Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume.

PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class

HassiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 269.1338
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 108
comment: Atom subclass for hassium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for hassium.

AlgebraicExpression
type: Class
comment: An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)
example: 2x+3

ElectroSinterForging
type: Class

BariumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 137.327
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 56
comment: Atom subclass for barium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for barium.

VectorMeson
type: Class
comment: A meson with total spin 1 and odd parity.
elucidation: A meson with total spin 1 and odd parity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson

Determiner
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Estimator or Observer
elucidation: An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception.

Observed
type: Class
comment: A coded that has been observed by an interpreter.
example: The biography of a person met by the author.
elucidation: A coded that has been observed by an interpreter.

Database
type: Class
comment: A structured collection of data held in a computer system that has a well-defined interface.
example: - A database covering nine million chemical compositions. - A thermodynamic database.
elucidation: A structured collection of data held in a computer system that has a well-defined interface.

Estimation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A determination of an object without any actual interaction.
elucidation: A determination of an object without any actual interaction.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Estimation
etymology: From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”).

HybridMatter
type: Class
comment: Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles.
elucidation: Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles.

CubicExpansionCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions.
comment: alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-3.2
elucidation: Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions.

MagneticDipoleMomentUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticDipoleMoment'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticDipoleMoment'.

MassPerElectricChargeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerElectricCharge'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerElectricCharge'.

FleroviumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fl
comment: The symbol that stands for the flerovium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the flerovium atom.

DataProcessing
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.
elucidation: A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.

DensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Density'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Density'.

Matrix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors.
alternative label: 2DArray
elucidation: 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors.

TitaniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ti
comment: The symbol that stands for the titanium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the titanium atom.

Fork
type: Class
comment: A tessellation in which a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles.
elucidation: A tessellation in which a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles.

ShearCutting
type: Class
disjoint with: SampleExtractionByCutting
comment: Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
alternative label: Scherschneiden

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
see also: DIN 8588:2013-08

MagneticVectorPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Vector potential of the magnetic flux density.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-32
elucidation: Vector potential of the magnetic flux density.

DecaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "deca" (10).
alternative label: DekaPrefixedUnit
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "deca" (10).

Pictorial
type: Class
comment: A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.
example: A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa.
elucidation: A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.

BinaryData
type: Class
comment: Symbolic data that can be represented as a sequence of zeros and ones.
elucidation: Symbolic data that can be represented as a sequence of zeros and ones.

SpecificVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ.
alternative label: MassicVolume
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-3
elucidation: inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807

DataByNature
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of data by its nature.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: ClassicalData or QuantumData
elucidation: Categorisation of data by its nature.

Vergence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature
elucidation: In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts.

SIMetricPrefixedUnit
type: Class
comment: A SI base unit or SI derived unit with a metric prefix.
elucidation: A SI base unit or SI derived unit with a metric prefix.

Contrast
type: Class
comment: A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
see also: Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378
alternative label: Dedomena
alternative label: Pattern
elucidation: A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
note: A contrast is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A contrast can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of contrast. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning.
note: The covering axiom that defines the contrast class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded contrast (data) or non encoded contrast.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Dedomena
etymology: From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)

ResidualResistivity
type: Class
comment: For metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-17
elucidation: For metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.

Variable
type: Class
comment: A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
example: x k
elucidation: A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Variable
etymology: Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable").

Axiom
annotated target: A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)

Whole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
elucidation: The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
note: A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings.
note: A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Whole
etymology: From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”).

Force
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.1
elucidation: Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480

CompositeBoson
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental bosonic type (integer spin).
example: Examples of composite particles with integer spin: spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson spin 2: O15 in ground state.
elucidation: A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental bosonic type (integer spin).

Collapse
type: Class
comment: A collapse is a fundamental interaction between m colliding particles that results in a single outgoing particle (inverse decay) that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1.
comment: The class of fundamental systems where the number of input particles is reduced to one.
example: The Higgs boson production from two gluons, or a bottom and an anti-bottom quark.
conceptualisation: A collapse is a fundamental interaction between m colliding particles that results in a single outgoing particle (inverse decay) that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1.
elucidation: The class of fundamental systems where the number of input particles is reduced to one.

Foam
type: Class
comment: A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.
elucidation: A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.

HexBinaryData
type: Class
comment: Hexadecimal encoding of binary data, using the alphabet [0-9a-f].
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:hexBinary
elucidation: Hexadecimal encoding of binary data, using the alphabet [0-9a-f].

ParticleCurrentDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689
ISO80000Reference: 10-48
elucidation: Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface.

NickelSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ni
comment: The symbol that stands for the nickel atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the nickel atom.

ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerTemperature'.

MetricMultipleUnit
type: Class
comment: Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
elucidation: Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.

Solution
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
comment: Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,
elucidation: A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

ProtactiniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pa
comment: The symbol that stands for the protactinium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the protactinium atom.

MendeleviumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Md
comment: The symbol that stands for the mendelevium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the mendelevium atom.

Array3D
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices.
alternative label: 3DArray
elucidation: 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices.

Behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process which is a temporal part of an object.
example: Accelerating is a behaviour of a car.
elucidation: A process which is a temporal part of an object.

MolecularEntity
type: Class
comment: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction.
comment: Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,
alternative label: ChemicalEntity
example: Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule.
example: Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context.
elucidation: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction.
note: Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,
note: This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺).

Grinding
type: Class
comment: Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
alternative label: Schleifen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
see also: DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08

Widening
type: Class
comment: Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
alternative label: Weiten

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
see also: DIN 8585-3:2003-09

UnitSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A symbol that stands for a single unit.
example: Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J".
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: SpecialUnit, BaseUnit
elucidation: A symbol that stands for a single unit.

ThermalConductanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductance'.

HectoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "hecto" (100).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "hecto" (100).

Understanding
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation, leading to potential interpretations.
elucidation: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation, leading to potential interpretations.

SexticLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SexticLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SexticLength'.

AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911
ISO80000Reference: 10-52
elucidation: Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance.

Number
type: Class
comment: A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue.
comment: A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).
comment: A numerical data value.
comment: In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stands for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept.
alternative label: Numeral
elucidation: A numerical data value.

Base64Binary
type: Class
comment: Base-64 encoding of binary data.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:base64Binary
elucidation: Base-64 encoding of binary data.

CondensedMatter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
conceptualisation: The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Equivalent To: Liquid or Solid

Axiom
annotated target: The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics

Exponent
type: Class

ArchetypeJoin
type: Class
comment: Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).
elucidation: Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).

Experiment
type: Class
comment: An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
elucidation: An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.

ShearForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
alternative label: Schubumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
see also: DIN 8587:2003-09

SIMultiplePrefix
type: Class
comment: SI prefix who's value is a positive integer larger than 1.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is a positive integer larger than 1.

FemtoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "femto" (1e-15).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "femto" (1e-15).

SIPrefix
type: Class
comment: Metric prefix defined in the SI system.
elucidation: Metric prefix defined in the SI system.

ParticleFluence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-43
elucidation: Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a.

UndefinedEdgeCutting
type: Class
alternative label: Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden

Agent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A participant that is the driver of a process.
prior version: The agent concept identifies the parts of a process that are also its drivers. An agent part has an active role with respect to any other generic part, meaning that is involved in the causal chain that characterize the process. An agent is a participant, meaning that is qualifiable as an object. As for all holistic relations, there is a level of subjectivity in drawing whole-role relations, so that the identification of an agent within a process is not fully axiomatizable. What is axiomatically expressible is that an agent requires to be part of a process (i.e., an agent exists only within a process) but a process may not require an agent to exist (qualified role). Agentless processes may have a distributed causality chain so that the agency is exerted collectively and there is no motivation to draw an holistic connection between the whole and some parts. For example, the breaking of a nail can be caused by an agent such as an hammer, or by the rusting process which is not a participant as required by the agent definition. This concept covers both intentional and non intentional agency.
example: A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: IntentionalAgent or UnintentionalAgent
elucidation: A participant that is the driver of a process.
note: An agent is not necessarily human. In fact, the concept of agent has been generalised to encompass both intentional and unintentional acts primarily to take into account usage of the term in chemistry (e.g., chemical agent that intiitate a reaction), inline also with the most recent development in the philosophical debate.

Axiom
annotated property: priorVersion
annotated target: The agent concept identifies the parts of a process that are also its drivers. An agent part has an active role with respect to any other generic part, meaning that is involved in the causal chain that characterize the process. An agent is a participant, meaning that is qualifiable as an object. As for all holistic relations, there is a level of subjectivity in drawing whole-role relations, so that the identification of an agent within a process is not fully axiomatizable. What is axiomatically expressible is that an agent requires to be part of a process (i.e., an agent exists only within a process) but a process may not require an agent to exist (qualified role). Agentless processes may have a distributed causality chain so that the agency is exerted collectively and there is no motivation to draw an holistic connection between the whole and some parts. For example, the breaking of a nail can be caused by an agent such as an hammer, or by the rusting process which is not a participant as required by the agent definition. This concept covers both intentional and non intentional agency.

Shape4x3Matrix
type: Class
comment: A real matrix with shape 4x3.
elucidation: A real matrix with shape 4x3.

MolarInternalEnergy
type: Class
comment: Internal energy per amount of substance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.1
elucidation: Internal energy per amount of substance.

Baryon
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
elucidation: Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

NeonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 20.1797
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10
comment: Atom subclass for neon.
elucidation: Atom subclass for neon.

Subjective
type: Class
comment: A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box.
comment: The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.
example: The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing.
elucidation: A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box.

QuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Number describing a particular state of a quantum system.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.1
elucidation: Number describing a particular state of a quantum system.

NitrogenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 14.007
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 7
comment: Atom subclass for nitrogen.
elucidation: Atom subclass for nitrogen.

3DPrinting
type: Class
comment: Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
comment: fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
elucidation: Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
note: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
see also: ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1

ZeptoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-21
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "zepto" (1e-21).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "zepto" (1e-21).

ActivityFactor
type: Class
comment: For substance X in a liquid or a solid mixture; quotient of absolute activity of substance X and the product of absolute activity of the pure substance X at the same temperature and pressure and amount-of-substance fraction of substance X.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167
ISO80000Reference: 9-22
elucidation: For substance X in a liquid or a solid mixture; quotient of absolute activity of substance X and the product of absolute activity of the pure substance X at the same temperature and pressure and amount-of-substance fraction of substance X.
note: Activity factors can also be obtained applying Raoult's law or Henry's law.

SubObject
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An object which is a temporal part of another object.
example: If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole.
elucidation: An object which is a temporal part of another object.
note: Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts.

TotalLinearStoppingPower
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material.
alternative label: LinearStoppingPower
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-54
elucidation: For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035

GadoliniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Gd
comment: The symbol that stands for the gadolinium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the gadolinium atom.

HandlingDevice
type: Class

ProductionSystem
type: Class
comment: A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.
elucidation: A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.

Lethargy
type: Class
comment: Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-69
elucidation: Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron.

Plane
type: Class
comment: A 2-manifold with two unconnected boundaries.
elucidation: A 2-manifold with two unconnected boundaries.

AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
type: Class
comment: Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025
ISO80000Reference: 10-32
elucidation: Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.

HelmholtzEnergy
type: Class
comment: Internal energy minus the product of thermodynamic temperature and entropy.
alternative label: HelmholtzFreeEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-20.4
elucidation: Internal energy minus the product of thermodynamic temperature and entropy.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772

ThermochemicalTreatment
type: Class

ChemicalName
type: Class
comment: Name of a chemical according to a standard.
elucidation: Name of a chemical according to a standard.

SerialTask
type: Class
comment: A task that is a temporal tile of a workflow when there are no other activities taking place concurrently (i.e., no parallelism).
elucidation: A task that is a temporal tile of a workflow when there are no other activities taking place concurrently (i.e., no parallelism).

CSharp
type: Class
alternative label: C#

OxidationNumber
type: Class
comment: Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared.
alternative label: OxidationState
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state
elucidation: Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363

SectionModulus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Geometrical characteristic of a shape of a body.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-22
elucidation: Geometrical characteristic of a shape of a body.

NitrogenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: N
comment: The symbol that stands for the nitrogen atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the nitrogen atom.

RelaxationTime
type: Class
comment: time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085
ISO80000Reference: 12-32.1
elucidation: time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles

InterferenceFitting
type: Class

AtomicMass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number.
comment: The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes.
comment: The mass of an atom in the ground state.
definition: The mass of an atom in the ground state.
ISO80000Reference: 10-4.1
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496

ThermalDiffusivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of thermal conductivity and the product of mass density and specific heat capacity.
alternative label: ThermalDiffusionCoefficient
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-14
elucidation: Quotient of thermal conductivity and the product of mass density and specific heat capacity.

PhysicsEquation
type: Class
comment: An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
elucidation: An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.

AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerQuarticTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerQuarticTime'.

Array
type: Class
comment: Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. See Shape4x3Matrix as an example.
comment: Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.
comment: Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement.
example: A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, and so forth...
elucidation: Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.

CompositeFermion
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental fermionic type (half-integer spin).
example: Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)
elucidation: A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental fermionic type (half-integer spin).

FranciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 223.01974
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 87
comment: Atom subclass for francium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for francium.

ISQDerivedQuantity
type: Class
comment: Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
elucidation: Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).

QueryLanguage
type: Class
comment: A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems.
example: SQL, SPARQL
elucidation: A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language

ProtactiniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 231.03588
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 91
comment: Atom subclass for protactinium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for protactinium.

Powder
type: Class
comment: A powder is a granular material composed of many very fine dry solid particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted.
is defined by: Duran, J., Reisinger A., Sands, Powders, and Grains: An Introduction to the Physics of Granular Materials. November 1999, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, ISBN 0-387-98656-1.
elucidation: A powder is a granular material composed of many very fine dry solid particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted.

DefiningEquation
type: Class
comment: An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.
example: The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x)
elucidation: An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.

BindingFraction
type: Class
comment: The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362
ISO80000Reference: 10-23.2
elucidation: The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.

PerPressureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerPressure'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerPressure'.

PhaseAngle
type: Class
comment: Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-7
elucidation: Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane.

ChromiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 51.9961
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 24
comment: Atom subclass for chromium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for chromium.

SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge
type: Class
comment: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area.
alternative label: AreicElectricCharge
alternative label: SurfaceChargeDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-4
elucidation: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159

Objective
type: Class
comment: A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel.
comment: The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.
elucidation: A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel.

MolecularPartitionFunction
type: Class
comment: Partition function of a molecule.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.4
elucidation: Partition function of a molecule.

AbsoluteActivity
type: Class
comment: The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155
ISO80000Reference: 9-18
elucidation: The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature.
iupacReference: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019

MobilityRatio
type: Class
comment: Quotient of electron and hole mobility.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255
ISO80000Reference: 12-31
elucidation: Quotient of electron and hole mobility.

Multiplication
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: *

MixedTiling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile.
elucidation: A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile.

Pico
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: p
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-12.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-12.

Verifying
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where an interpretant, already present in the internal representational space of the interpreter, is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.
elucidation: A semiosis where an interpretant, already present in the internal representational space of the interpreter, is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.

ReshapeManufacturing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Forming
alternative label: Umformen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
note: The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part.

ReactionSintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering

PhaseVelocity
type: Class
comment: For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase.
alternative label: PhaseSpeed
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity
ISO80000Reference: 3-23.1
elucidation: For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity

CalciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 40.078
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 20
comment: Atom subclass for calcium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for calcium.

TechnologyProcess
type: Class
comment: Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose.
comment: Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
comment: Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.
comment: Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.
comment: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
comment: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
alternative label: ProductionEngineeringProcess
elucidation: Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
see also: DIN EN 14943:2006-03

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
see also: ISO 14034:2016-11

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
see also: EN 16603-11:2019-11

SandMolds
type: Class

PhysicalParticleBySpin
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of physical particles by whether they have integer or half-odd-integer spin.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: Boson, Fermion
elucidation: Categorisation of physical particles by whether they have integer or half-odd-integer spin.

MassPerLengthTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLengthTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLengthTime'.

LandeFactor
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton.
alternative label: GFactorOfAtom
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684
ISO80000Reference: 10-14.1
elucidation: Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton.

ManganeseAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 54.938044
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 25
comment: Atom subclass for manganese.
elucidation: Atom subclass for manganese.

HeliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 4.002602
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2
comment: Atom subclass for helium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for helium.

ActivePower
type: Class
comment: Average power over a period.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-56
elucidation: Average power over a period.

ISO80000Categorised
type: Class

Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A collection is the concept that complements the item. A collection is an entity that has at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
comment: The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.
example: The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule.
conceptualisation: A collection is the concept that complements the item. A collection is an entity that has at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
elucidation: The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.

Restriction
min qualified cardinality: 2

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
note: Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Collection
etymology: From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’.

AmountPerMassPressureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassPressure'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassPressure'.

Declarer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention.
example: A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle).
example: Someone who assigns a name to an object.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Determiner or Namer
elucidation: An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention.

AccelerationUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Acceleration'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Acceleration'.

ChlorineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cl
comment: The symbol that stands for the chlorine atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the chlorine atom.

SolidSolidSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase.
example: Granite, sand, dried concrete.
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase.

Heap
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have at least two non overlapping proper parts of the same type of the whole.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have at least two non overlapping proper parts of the same type of the whole.
note: A heap class H (subclass of Heap) is defined by choosing a reference type φ, with H subclass of φ, so that each H entity has non overlapping φ parts.

DissociationConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type.

EinsteiniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 252.083
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 99
comment: Atom subclass for einsteinium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for einsteinium.

SpatioTemporalTile
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all tiles belonging to tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
alternative label: WellFormedTile
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: SpatialTile or TemporalTile or JunctionTile
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: ThroughTile or EndTile or BeginTile
elucidation: The superclass for all tiles belonging to tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.

NeutronNumber
type: Class
comment: Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-1.2
elucidation: Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
note: Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119

NeodymiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 144.242
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 60
comment: Atom subclass for neodymium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for neodymium.

ElectricPotentialUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotential'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotential'.

NeonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ne
comment: The symbol that stands for the neon atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the neon atom.

ActivityOfSolvent
type: Class
comment: For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193
ISO80000Reference: 9-27.1
elucidation: For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure.

LengthTimePerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimePerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimePerMass'.

LongRangeOrderParameter
type: Class
comment: Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.2
elucidation: Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.

StandaloneAtom
type: Class
comment: A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing.
comment: An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: NeutralAtom, IonAtom
elucidation: An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms.

Shape3Vector
type: Class
comment: A real vector with 3 elements.
example: The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.
elucidation: A real vector with 3 elements.

MatrixData
type: Class
comment: The datatype for bidimensional arrays.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some VectorData
elucidation: The datatype for bidimensional arrays.

MassPerQuarticTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticTime'.

Flanging
type: Class

Electroplating
type: Class

Sol
type: Class
comment: A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase.
elucidation: A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase.

NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonianConstantOfGravity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonianConstantOfGravity'.

IonNumberDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of ions per volume.
alternative label: IonDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218
ISO80000Reference: 10-62.2
elucidation: Number of ions per volume.

Energy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms.
comment: Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy
ISO80000Reference: 5-20-1
elucidation: A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101

LivermoriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Lv
comment: The symbol that stands for the livermorium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the livermorium atom.

SIUnitSymbol
type: Class
comment: A unit symbol that belongs to the SI system. Is either a SI base unit or a SI special unit.
elucidation: A unit symbol that belongs to the SI system. Is either a SI base unit or a SI special unit.

MeitneriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 278.156
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 109
comment: Atom subclass for meitnerium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for meitnerium.

ElectricConductanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductance'.

DimensionlessUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension.
example: Refractive index Plane angle Number of apples
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS
elucidation: The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension.

InternalTask
type: Class
comment: A generic task in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.
elucidation: A generic task in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.

FormingFromIonised
type: Class

ScalarMeson
type: Class
comment: A meson with spin zero and even parity.
elucidation: A meson with spin zero and even parity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson

Radius
type: Class
comment: Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.6
elucidation: Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius

Structural
type: Class
comment: A perspective that categorises causal structures according to the merelogical relations between the whole and the parts, taking into account their types.
elucidation: A perspective that categorises causal structures according to the merelogical relations between the whole and the parts, taking into account their types.

ParticulateMatter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: Bounded matter.
elucidation: Bounded matter.

AreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Area'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Area'.

MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassLengthPerCubicTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassLengthPerCubicTime'.

Molecule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An atom-based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons.
alternative label: ChemicalSubstance
example: H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: Heteronuclear, Homonuclear
elucidation: An atom-based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons.
note: An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundant if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class.
note: This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant).

ThermalResistivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistivity'.

InterpreterByReferent
type: Class
comment: Interpreter classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
elucidation: Interpreter classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.

SolidLiquidSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase.
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase.

Tera
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E12
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e12.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e12.

StandardAbsoluteActivityOfMixture
type: Class
comment: For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure.
alternative label: StandardAbsoluteActivity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159
ISO80000Reference: 9-23
elucidation: For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure.

ActivityCoefficient
type: Class
comment: A coefficient in thermodynamics used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224
ISO80000Reference: 9-25
elucidation: A coefficient in thermodynamics used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116

SourceCode
type: Class
comment: A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
elucidation: A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
note: A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions.
note: Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).

Axiom
annotated target: Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).

BetaDisintegrationEnergy
type: Class
comment: Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340
ISO80000Reference: 10-34
elucidation: Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.

ThermomechanicalTreatment
type: Class

MassAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassArea'.

PraseodymiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pr
comment: The symbol that stands for the praseodymium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the praseodymium atom.

ErbiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Er
comment: The symbol that stands for the erbium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the erbium atom.

ElectricResistivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistivity'.

Conventional
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Uncoded or Coded
elucidation: A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it.
note: In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional.

Description
type: Class
comment: A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description.
example: A biography.
example: A sentence about some object, depticting its properties.
elucidation: A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description.
note: A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together.

SolidAngularMeasure
type: Class
comment: Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface.
alternative label: SolidAngle
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle
ISO80000Reference: 3-8
elucidation: Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle

CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergy'.

ThermalUtilizationFactor
type: Class
comment: In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650
ISO80000Reference: 10-76
elucidation: In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.

MentalAgent
type: Class
comment: A biological agent possessing an intentional mental state.
elucidation: A biological agent possessing an intentional mental state.
note: A mental agent is typically attributed to a human but not nessesary.

FluorineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: F
comment: The symbol that stands for the fluorine atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the fluorine atom.

Deducer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity.
example: Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression.
example: Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena.
elucidation: An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity.

C
type: Class

SilverAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 107.8682
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 47
comment: Atom subclass for silver.
elucidation: Atom subclass for silver.

Arrangement
type: Class
comment: A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts.
alternative label: MereologicalState
example: e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin.
elucidation: A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts.
note: The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.
note: The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole.

PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerPerAreaVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerPerAreaVolume'.

ChipboardManufacturing
type: Class

MeanMassRange
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670
ISO80000Reference: 10-57
elucidation: Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783

RotationalFrequency
type: Class
comment: Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π.
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-17.2
elucidation: Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π.

OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.3
elucidation: Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state.

ActiniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 227.02775
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 89
comment: Atom subclass for actinium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for actinium.

BlowMolding
type: Class

PrincipalQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.2
elucidation: Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions.

CalciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ca
comment: The symbol that stands for the calcium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the calcium atom.

SecondPolarMomentOfArea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-21.2
elucidation: A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.

PhysicalObject
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts as object according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal interacting systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are part of elementaries whose paths start and end within the entitiy. We call this causal convexity. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of a convex system, while a real photon that is the carrier of clasical electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. A physical phenomenon is defined as a causally non-convex interacting system, complement of causally convex interacting system.
comment: The class of individuals standing for causally convex interacting systems.
conceptualisation: It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts as object according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal interacting systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are part of elementaries whose paths start and end within the entitiy. We call this causal convexity. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of a convex system, while a real photon that is the carrier of clasical electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. A physical phenomenon is defined as a causally non-convex interacting system, complement of causally convex interacting system.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: CompositePhysicalObject, BondedObject
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for causally convex interacting systems.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: PhysicalObject
etymology: From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).

PseudovectorMeson
type: Class
comment: A meson with total spin 1 and even parity.
elucidation: A meson with total spin 1 and even parity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson

Solubility
type: Class
comment: The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute.
comment: The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740

CodedByStructure
type: Class
comment: A coded classified by its structure.
elucidation: A coded classified by its structure.

ClassicallyDefinedMaterial
type: Class
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Equivalent To: AmorphousMaterial or CrystallineMaterial
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Equivalent To: MetallicMaterial or CeramicMaterial or CompositeMaterial or PolymericMaterial

Point
type: Class
comment: A zero-manifold of only one point.
elucidation: A zero-manifold of only one point.

LorenzCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature.
alternative label: LorenzNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754
ISO80000Reference: 12-18
elucidation: Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature.

InspectionDevice
type: Class

LinearExpansionCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Relative change of length per change of temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-3.1
elucidation: Relative change of length per change of temperature.

Gel
type: Class
comment: A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.
elucidation: A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.

ConfigurationLanguage
type: Class
comment: A construction language used to write configuration files.
example: .ini files
example: Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems.
elucidation: A construction language used to write configuration files.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages

Deduction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A semiotic process that assigns a sign by deduction from causal continguity.
alternative label: IndexSemiosis
example: The interpreter feels that the plate is hot and assigns the status of the kitchen stove to be on.
elucidation: A semiotic process that assigns a sign by deduction from causal continguity.

CompressiveForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
comment: lasciano tensioni residue di compressione
alternative label: Druckumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
see also: DIN 8583-1:2003-09

SIBaseUnit
type: Class
disjoint union of: Ampere
disjoint union of: Candela
disjoint union of: Kelvin
disjoint union of: Kilogram
disjoint union of: Metre
disjoint union of: Mole
disjoint union of: Second
comment: The base units in the SI system.
elucidation: The base units in the SI system.

TeraPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E12
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "tera" (1e12).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "tera" (1e12).

UnsignedIntData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 32-bit non-negative integer number, 0...4294967295.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedInt
elucidation: A data representing 32-bit non-negative integer number, 0...4294967295.

AffinityOfAChemicalReaction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds.
alternative label: ChemicalAffinity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783
ISO80000Reference: 9-30
elucidation: Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178

Porosity
type: Class
comment: Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762

ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
comment: The magnetic flux density for disappearance of superconductivity in a type I superconductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200
ISO80000Reference: 12-36.1
elucidation: The magnetic flux density for disappearance of superconductivity in a type I superconductor.

ConstructionLanguage
type: Class
comment: A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer.
elucidation: A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages

ApplicationProgram
type: Class
comment: A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.
alternative label: App
alternative label: Application
example: Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games.
elucidation: A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.

Observation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction.
elucidation: A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Observation
etymology: From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),

AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10.

RelativeMassExcess
type: Class
comment: Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610
ISO80000Reference: 10-22.1
elucidation: Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant.

POH
type: Class
comment: Written as pOH
comment: number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- pH = −10 log(a_OH-)
elucidation: number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- pH = −10 log(a_OH-)

MagneticFlux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux
ISO80000Reference: 6-22.1
elucidation: Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684

LithiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 6.94
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3
comment: Atom subclass for lithium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for lithium.

RhodiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 102.9055
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 45
comment: Atom subclass for rhodium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for rhodium.

ActiniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ac
comment: The symbol that stands for the actinium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the actinium atom.

PerQuarticLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with physical dimensionality per length to the power of four.
elucidation: The class of units with physical dimensionality per length to the power of four.

AlgebraicOperator
type: Class

ApplicationSpecificScript
type: Class
comment: A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context.
example: Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica.
elucidation: A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context.

PrecipitationHardening
type: Class
note: hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution

Axiom
annotated target: hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution
see also: ISO 4885:2018-02

ByteData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 8-bit integer number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:byte
elucidation: A data representing 8-bit integer number.

RestMass
type: Class
comment: For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame.
alternative label: InvariantMass
alternative label: ProperMass
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity
ISO80000Reference: 10-2
elucidation: For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass

ElectronAffinity
type: Class
comment: energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-25
elucidation: energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor

LiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed

EntropyPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerAmount'.

CodedByObservation
type: Class
comment: A coded classified by observation.
elucidation: A coded classified by observation.

AmountTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountTemperature'.

RelativeMassDensity
type: Class
comment: Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
alternative label: RelativeDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-4
elucidation: Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262

AtomicPhysicsCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025
ISO80000Reference: 10-38.1
elucidation: Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.

DoseEquivalent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent
ISO80000Reference: 10-83.1
elucidation: A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101

TemperatureTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureTime'.

UnifiedAtomicMassConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-4.3
elucidation: 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497

Data
type: Class
comment: A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
alternative label: EncodedContrast
alternative label: EncodedData
example: A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names).
example: A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM.
elucidation: A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
note: EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist would be placed. For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity. Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world.
note: Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaning, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective.
note: We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
wikipediaReference: https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Data
etymology: From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”).

Axiom
annotated target: We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
example: The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen.

RadiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 226.02541
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 88
comment: Atom subclass for radium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for radium.

SystemUnit
type: Class
comment: A unit that belongs to one or more unit systems.
elucidation: A unit that belongs to one or more unit systems.

GravitySintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder
alternative label: Loose-powderSintering
alternative label: PressurelessSintering

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder

EntropyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Entropy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Entropy'.

SpecialUnit
type: Class
comment: A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.
comment: Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects.
example: Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m
elucidation: A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.

MagneticMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation
alternative label: MagneticAreaMoment
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-23
elucidation: A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688

MeasuredConstant
type: Class
comment: For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty.
elucidation: For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty.

RoentgeniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 281.166
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 111
comment: Atom subclass for roentgenium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for roentgenium.

BohrRadius
type: Class
comment: Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571
ISO80000Reference: 10-6
elucidation: Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693

Exa
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: E
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E18
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e18.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e18.

EffectiveMass
type: Class
comment: The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434
ISO80000Reference: 12-30
elucidation: The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution.

ParticleConcentration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of particles of a given species per volume.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574
ISO80000Reference: 9-9.1
elucidation: Number of particles of a given species per volume.

Quantum
type: Class
comment: A quantum is the most fundamental item of the EMMO (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. In the EMMO, space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. For a quanta to change its state, it requires an interaction. A quantum may be thought as standing for an incoming or outcoming real particle in a Feynman diagram in a scattering event.
comment: Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))
comment: The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities having no proper parts
alternative label: RealParticle
example: From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.
conceptualisation: A quantum is the most fundamental item of the EMMO (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. In the EMMO, space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. For a quanta to change its state, it requires an interaction. A quantum may be thought as standing for an incoming or outcoming real particle in a Feynman diagram in a scattering event.
definition: Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))
elucidation: The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities having no proper parts
note: A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Quantum
etymology: From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as".

Axiom
annotated target: Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))

ScandiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sc
comment: The symbol that stands for the scandium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the scandium atom.

SeaborgiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sg
comment: The symbol that stands for the seaborgium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the seaborgium atom.

SemiosisByStructure
type: Class
comment: Semiosis classified as complete or partial representation of the semiotic triangle (interpretant, sign, referent).
elucidation: Semiosis classified as complete or partial representation of the semiotic triangle (interpretant, sign, referent).

LengthMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthMass'.

CobaltAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 58.933194
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 27
comment: Atom subclass for cobalt.
elucidation: Atom subclass for cobalt.

LuminanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Luminance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Luminance'.

MassPerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLength'.

Displacement
type: Class
comment: vector quantity between any two points in space
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry)
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.11
elucidation: vector quantity between any two points in space
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry)

Enthalpy
type: Class
comment: Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy
ISO80000Reference: 5.20-3
elucidation: Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141

LarmonFrequency
type: Class
comment: Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π.
ISO80000Reference: 10-15.2
elucidation: Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π.

SolubilityProduct
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers.
comment: Product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers.
alternative label: SolubilityProductConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742

ElectronDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of electrons in conduction band per volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.1
elucidation: Number of electrons in conduction band per volume.

Emulsion
type: Class
comment: An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture).
example: Mayonnaise, milk.
elucidation: An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture).

NonNuclear
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, but have no φ proper part that is part of other φ proper parts.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, but have no φ proper part that is part of other φ proper parts.

Screwing
type: Class
comment: Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
alternative label: Schrauben

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
see also: DIN 65099-5:1989-11

SpatioTemporalTileByConnection
type: Class
comment: The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their topological role within a tessellation.
elucidation: The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their topological role within a tessellation.

MatterByStructure
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of matter by its structure.
elucidation: Categorisation of matter by its structure.

ArsenicAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 74.921595
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 33
comment: Atom subclass for arsenic.
elucidation: Atom subclass for arsenic.

BromineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Br
comment: The symbol that stands for the bromine atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the bromine atom.

NumberOfEntities
type: Class
comment: Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-1
elucidation: Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266

LawrenciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 262.11
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 103
comment: Atom subclass for lawrencium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for lawrencium.

Material
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.
note: A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent any state of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found.
note: Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use.

MolecularFormula
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.
example: Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2
elucidation: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.

Namer
type: Class
comment: An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters.
elucidation: An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters.

LiquidGasSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase.
example: Sparkling water
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase.

CodedBySubjectivity
type: Class
comment: A coded classified by whether it is determined subjectively or objectively.
elucidation: A coded classified by whether it is determined subjectively or objectively.

AttoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "atto" (1e-18).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "atto" (1e-18).

Task
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
comment: The concept of task is developed in strict connection with the concept of workflow: a task is always part of a workflow and a workflow always possess some tasks. This makes the relation between task and workflow an holistic relation, with task as role and workflow as whole. A task is also holistically connected to an intentional agent, since a task is defined as a procedure. For this reason a task is both a role, with respect to a workflow, and a whole, with respect to an intentional agent.
alternative label: Job
conceptualisation: The concept of task is developed in strict connection with the concept of workflow: a task is always part of a workflow and a workflow always possess some tasks. This makes the relation between task and workflow an holistic relation, with task as role and workflow as whole. A task is also holistically connected to an intentional agent, since a task is defined as a procedure. For this reason a task is both a role, with respect to a workflow, and a whole, with respect to an intentional agent.
elucidation: A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
note: A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.

NonNegativeIntegerData
type: Class
comment: A data representing an integer number >= 0.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:nonNegativeInteger
elucidation: A data representing an integer number >= 0.

Thickness
type: Class
comment: Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.4
elucidation: Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size.

PositionVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space.
alternative label: Position
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry)
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.10
elucidation: Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space.
note: In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. -- IEC
note: Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry)

NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere'.

LiquidSol
type: Class
comment: A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid.
elucidation: A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid.

ElementalSubstance
type: Class
comment: A chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
alternative label: PureSubstance
elucidation: A chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01022

Momentum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Product of mass and velocity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum
ISO80000Reference: 4-8
elucidation: Product of mass and velocity.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007

DubniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Db
comment: The symbol that stands for the dubnium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the dubnium atom.

FundamentalPhysicalSystem
type: Class
comment: A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
comment: A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
conceptualisation: A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: Collapse, Interaction, Decay
elucidation: A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
note: A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums.

PetaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E15
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "peta" (1e15).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "peta" (1e15).

CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT.
alternative label: ThermalTransmittance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-10.1
elucidation: At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT.

MatterByType
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of matter by its type.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: AntiMatter, HybridMatter, OrdinaryMatter
elucidation: Categorisation of matter by its type.

FrequencyPerVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerVolume'.

Process
type: Class
comment: The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have some temporal item parts that are not of the same type of the whole.
alternative label: Occurrent
alternative label: Perdurant
example: Practically speaking, the Process class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Cooking) for each of which holds the axiom that not all the item temporal parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. breaking an egg, which is not necessarily a cooking process) and there are at least two temporal item parts of different types (e.g. breaking and egg and turning on the stove). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Process, but to belong to a specific subclass of Process that identifies entities with a specific non-type-persistent structure.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Equivalent To: Behaviour or ConstitutiveProcess or Stage or SubProcess
elucidation: The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have some temporal item parts that are not of the same type of the whole.
note: A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of different types that are temporally related.
note: Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every entity in the EMMO should be a process, since every 4D entity0 always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the concept of process to items whose temporal parts show a change in type (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). The definition of every specific process subclass requires a reference type, that is expressed by some but not all temporal parts.

MetricPrefix
type: Class
comment: Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix.
elucidation: Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix.

ShortData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 16-bit integer number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:short
elucidation: A data representing 16-bit integer number.

ParticleEmissionRate
type: Class
comment: Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151
ISO80000Reference: 10-36
elucidation: Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt.

ContinuumModel
type: Class
comment: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.

StaticFrictionForce
type: Class
comment: Fhe force of friction on an object that is not moving.
alternative label: StaticFriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.3
elucidation: Fhe force of friction on an object that is not moving.

AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
type: Class
comment: Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-70
elucidation: Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision.

LengthTimeTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeTemperature'.

CeriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ce
comment: The symbol that stands for the cerium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the cerium atom.

Milling
type: Class
comment: Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
alternative label: Fräsen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
see also: DIN 8589-3:2003-09

ElectronMass
type: Class
comment: The rest mass of an electron.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008

NeutralAtom
type: Class
comment: A standalone atom that has no net charge.
elucidation: A standalone atom that has no net charge.

FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece
type: Class
comment: da una forma non propria ad una forma propria
note: From Powder, from liquid, from gas
note: Powder: particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size

Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer.
comment: A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.
comment: An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
elucidation: An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
VIMTerm: measurement

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.

MolecularConcentration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973
ISO80000Reference: 9-9.2
elucidation: Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume.

StandardAmountConcentration
type: Class
comment: Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3.
alternative label: StandardConcentration
alternative label: StandardMolarConcentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689
ISO80000Reference: 9-12.2
elucidation: Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909

Minus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: -

HardeningByForming
type: Class
alternative label: Verfestigen durch Umformen

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Verfestigen durch Umformen
see also: DIN 8580:2022-12

ThreeManifold
type: Class
comment: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 3-dimensional Euclidean space.
alternative label: 3-manifold
elucidation: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 3-dimensional Euclidean space.

FormingBlasting
type: Class
comment: Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
alternative label: Umformstrahlen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
see also: DIN 65099-3:1989-11

Procedure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An intentional process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
comment: The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
alternative label: Elaboration
alternative label: Work
example: The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. The execution of an algorithm.
conceptualisation: The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
elucidation: An intentional process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
note: A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Procedure
etymology: From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”).

Axiom
annotated target: The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).

ChemicalEntity
type: Class
comment: A chemical entity comprises the two different ways to represents matter: as single recognizable particle entity (molecular entity) and as a composition of particle entities (substance). This distinction is not well assessed in actual chemical nomenclature, in which an element name refers to both the pure elemental substance or the atom. In the EMMO we force the adoption of a more strict categorization based on mereotopology. The class Material hosts the subclasses for which a substance can be identified without necessarily considering its nature of molecule/atom or substance (e.g. hydrocarbon is the class of both hydrocarbon molecules or gases).

MaximumEfficiency
type: Class
comment: Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process.
alternative label: CarnotEfficiency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862
ISO80000Reference: 5-25.2
elucidation: Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process.

CoherenceLength
type: Class
comment: Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793
ISO80000Reference: 12-38.2
elucidation: Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature

WorkPiece
type: Class
comment: A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed.
comment: A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes.
comment: In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).
comment: In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass.
comment: It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid
comment: Object that is processed with a machine
comment: Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product
comment: The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.
comment: They are not powders or threads
comment: a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
comment: fili e polveri non sono compresi
comment: it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape.
comment: it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape
comment: powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them
alternative label: Werkstück
elucidation: A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Object that is processed with a machine
see also: DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
see also: ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143

Declaration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A semiotic process that assigns a sign based on conventions.
alternative label: ConventionalSemiosis
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Determination or Naming
elucidation: A semiotic process that assigns a sign based on conventions.

HotDipGalvanizing
type: Class
alternative label: Hot-dipGalvanizing

PlanckFunction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-23
elucidation: Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature.

LiquidLiquidSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase.
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase.

AreaPerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerMass'.

ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density).
alternative label: VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-33
elucidation: Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density).

DebyeWallerFactor
type: Class
comment: Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587
ISO80000Reference: 12-8
elucidation: Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.

EuropiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Eu
comment: The symbol that stands for the europium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the europium atom.

AreaTimeTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTimeTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTimeTemperature'.

OxygenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 15.999
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 8
comment: Atom subclass for oxygen.
elucidation: Atom subclass for oxygen.

Resolving
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.
example: Someone says: "Ketchup." (sign). I (interpreter) hear that, elaborate internally the perception by creating an internal representation (interpretant), and then reach for the ketchup bottle (referent).
elucidation: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.

ElectricFluxUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFlux'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFlux'.

GranularMaterial
type: Class
comment: A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles that are large enough to avoid thermal motion fluctuations, and characterized by a loss of energy whenever the particles interact.
elucidation: A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles that are large enough to avoid thermal motion fluctuations, and characterized by a loss of energy whenever the particles interact.

SISubMultiplePrefix
type: Class
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1/N where N is a positive integer larger than 1.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1/N where N is a positive integer larger than 1.

TennessineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ts
comment: The symbol that stands for the tennessine atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the tennessine atom.

Perspective
type: Class
comment: The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
elucidation: The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
note: This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Perspective
etymology: From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.

Device
type: Class
comment: An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.
alternative label: Equipment
alternative label: Machine
elucidation: An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Equipment
etymology: From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Machine
etymology: From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Device
etymology: From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide".

SubProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process which is a spatial part of another process.
example: Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being.
elucidation: A process which is a spatial part of another process.
note: In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it.

Spray
type: Class
comment: A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process.
elucidation: A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process.

Milli
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: m
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1/1000.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1/1000.

NobeliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 259.101
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 102
comment: Atom subclass for nobelium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for nobelium.

Estimator
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
elucidation: A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties).

SignByReferent
type: Class
comment: Sign classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
elucidation: Sign classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.

Suspension
type: Class
comment: An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase.
comment: Suspensions show no significant effect on light.
elucidation: An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase.

CobaltSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Co
comment: The symbol that stands for the cobalt atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the cobalt atom.

ThermalTransmittanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalTransmittance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalTransmittance'.

Auditory
type: Class
comment: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
alternative label: Sound
example: When we use the term 'sound' what are we referring to? The EMMO identifies a sound as the physical object that can be heard by the observer (more exactly, by the sensor of the observer). In this sense, a sound (which is an acoustical object) is to be identified as the air region that manifests the sound wave and is able to be perceived by an observer. In case the wave is travelling through water or steel, then these other media regions are the sounds. If the waveform is travelling through a cable as electronic signal (analog or digital) it is no more a sound, since it cannot be perceived by an observer as an acoustical object. This electrical waveform (or digital packet) is another physical that may stand for a sound if interpreted by a device (e.g. an amplifier, a DA converter).
elucidation: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
note: 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, an ear.

LiquidSolution
type: Class
comment: A liquid solution made of two or more component substances.
elucidation: A liquid solution made of two or more component substances.

ContinuousCasting
type: Class

MeasurementUnitByPrefix
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of measurement units by whether they are prefixed or not.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: PrefixedUnit or NonPrefixedUnit
elucidation: Categorisation of measurement units by whether they are prefixed or not.

Hecto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: h
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
comment: SI prefix who's value is 100.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 100.

MathematicalFunction
type: Class
comment: A function defined using functional notation.
comment: A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y).
alternative label: FunctionDefinition
example: y = f(x)
elucidation: A function defined using functional notation.

PotentialEnergy
type: Class
comment: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy
ISO80000Reference: 4-28.1
elucidation: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778

MetallicMaterial
type: Class

Plasma
type: Class
comment: A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour.
elucidation: A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour.

ThermalDiffusionFactor
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629
ISO80000Reference: 9-40.2
elucidation: Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions.

MagneticFluxUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFlux'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFlux'.

MassDefect
type: Class
comment: Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126
ISO80000Reference: 10-21.2
elucidation: Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom.

Numerical
type: Class
comment: A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).
elucidation: A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).

SpatialTile
type: Class
comment: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts.
elucidation: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts.

MachineCell
type: Class
comment: A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.
comment: Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository.
elucidation: A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.

InjectionMolding
type: Class

MigrationArea
type: Class
comment: Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325
ISO80000Reference: 10-72.3
elucidation: Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.

SemiosisByReferent
type: Class
comment: Semiosis classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
elucidation: Semiosis classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.

Vapor
type: Class
comment: A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas.
elucidation: A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas.

MaterialByType
type: Class

Zepto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: z
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-21
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-21.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-21.

DigitalData
type: Class
comment: Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.
alternative label: BinaryData
elucidation: Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: DigitalData
etymology: From Latin digitus (“finger”).

ElectricChargePerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerMass'.

DropForging
type: Class

InorganicCompound
type: Class

FormingFromGas
type: Class

AntimonySymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sb
comment: The symbol that stands for the antimony atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the antimony atom.

ElectricFluxDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0.
alternative label: ElectricDisplacement
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-12
elucidation: Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0.

Role
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A role entity is categorized according to its relation with the whole, i.e. how it contribute to make a specific whole, and not as standalone entity. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). For example. a human being is a stand alone type, but an instance of a human being can also be an instance of the type student (intended as a role) if it plays a part into a school environment (i.e., a student entity can exist only if it is part of a surrounding whole: the school). The role type requires that also the whole type depends on the existence of parts of a specific type (e.g., there is no school without students).
comment: An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.
alternative label: HolisticPart
alternative label: Part
conceptualisation: A role entity is categorized according to its relation with the whole, i.e. how it contribute to make a specific whole, and not as standalone entity. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). For example. a human being is a stand alone type, but an instance of a human being can also be an instance of the type student (intended as a role) if it plays a part into a school environment (i.e., a student entity can exist only if it is part of a surrounding whole: the school). The role type requires that also the whole type depends on the existence of parts of a specific type (e.g., there is no school without students).
elucidation: An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Part
etymology: From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’.
note: The term 'part' is here intended not only in mereological sense but also as role. For example. the term part is used to define the role played by an actor, specifying not only a mereological participation of the actor to an act, but also a specific role for that actor.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Role
etymology: From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written.

TemperaturePerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerTime'.

AnalogicalIcon
type: Class
comment: An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object.
example: A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object.
example: Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance
example: MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow.
elucidation: An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object.
note: An icon that focus on HOW the object works.
note: The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: AnalogicalIcon
etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”).

ElectricPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point.
comment: The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient.
alternative label: ElectroStaticPotential
scope note: Electric potential is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a specific point in an electric field. In electrochemistry, it helps describe the energy state of an electrode relative to a reference electrode. It is a fundamental concept in electrode reactions, influencing redox potential and determining the driving force behind electrochemical processes. Electric potential is commonly measured in volts (V) and is essential for understanding electrode kinetics, corrosion processes, and electrochemical equilibrium.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
tip: Use a well-defined reference electrode (e.g., Standard Hydrogen Electrode, Ag/AgCl) when measuring electric potential to ensure consistency and comparability.
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential
ISO80000Reference: 6-11.1
elucidation: Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point.
caution: Electric potential differs from voltage; voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935
includeDocs: true

ChemicalElement
type: Class
comment: The IUPAC Gold Book defines the a chemical element both as: - a species of atoms; all atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus - a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus This qualifies a chemical element as a name and not a matter obejct that can stand for an atom or a substance.
comment: The symbol for a specific chemical element, that can stand both for an atom or a substance.
elucidation: The symbol for a specific chemical element, that can stand both for an atom or a substance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01022

Nailing
type: Class
comment: Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
alternative label: Nageln

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
see also: DIN 65099-5:1989-11

SpeedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Speed'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Speed'.

LeakageFactor
type: Class
comment: One minus the square of the coupling factor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-42.2
elucidation: One minus the square of the coupling factor

SiliconSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Si
comment: The symbol that stands for the silicon atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the silicon atom.

Admittance
type: Class
comment: Inverse of the impendance.
alternative label: ComplexAdmittance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.1
elucidation: Inverse of the impendance.

EnergyTimePerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyTimePerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyTimePerAmount'.

AngularMomentumUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularMomentum'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularMomentum'.

TemporalTile
type: Class
comment: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts.
elucidation: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts.

LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system.
comment: The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz.
elucidation: The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz.

Nucleon
type: Class
comment: Either a proton or a neutron.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: Proton, Neutron
elucidation: Either a proton or a neutron.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon

Heteronuclear
type: Class
comment: A molecule composed of more than one element type.
example: Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
elucidation: A molecule composed of more than one element type.

MetrologicalSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
comment: A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000.
elucidation: A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000.

Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure
ISO80000Reference: 4-14.1
elucidation: The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819

Interaction
type: Class
comment: A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that can be represented as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m,n>1. This concept covers fundamental particles interactions with 2 or more particles as input and as output.
comment: The class of fundamental systems where two or more input particles interacts, providing an output of other two or more particles.
example: Electron-electron scattering. Electron-positron annihilation.
conceptualisation: A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that can be represented as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m,n>1. This concept covers fundamental particles interactions with 2 or more particles as input and as output.
elucidation: The class of fundamental systems where two or more input particles interacts, providing an output of other two or more particles.

AcousticQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8.

LuminousIntensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity
ISO80000Reference: 7-14
elucidation: A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.

Datum
type: Class
comment: A self-consistent encoded data entity.
example: A character, a bit, a song in a CD.
elucidation: A self-consistent encoded data entity.

ModulusOfCompression
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is.
alternative label: BulkModulus
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-19.3
elucidation: Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is.

String
type: Class
comment: A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
example: The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat.
elucidation: A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
note: A string is made of concatenated symbols whos arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list).
note: A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols.

RestEnergy
type: Class
comment: Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-3
elucidation: Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum.
note: E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy

FrequencyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Frequency'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Frequency'.

Command
type: Class
comment: An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task.
example: From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`.
note: A command must be interpretable by the computer system.
note: Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them.

ChromiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cr
comment: The symbol that stands for the chromium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the chromium atom.

ParticlePositionVector
type: Class
comment: Position vector of a particle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324
ISO80000Reference: 12-7.1
elucidation: Position vector of a particle.

PowerFactor
type: Class
comment: Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-58
elucidation: Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S.

DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
type: Class
comment: Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254
ISO80000Reference: 10-65
elucidation: Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate.

SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
type: Class
comment: Helmholtz energy per unit mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.4
elucidation: Helmholtz energy per unit mass.

SystemResource
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
comment: Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.
alternative label: Resource
elucidation: Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.

LongData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 64-bit integer number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:long
elucidation: A data representing 64-bit integer number.

HalfValueThickness
type: Class
comment: Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-53
elucidation: Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value.

IodineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 126.90447
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 53
comment: Atom subclass for iodine.
elucidation: Atom subclass for iodine.

PerTimeMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTimeMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTimeMass'.

CausalParticle
type: Class
comment: A causal particle represents the most elementary entity in physics, being it a simple state of an elementary particle, called quantum in the EMMO, or a chain of causally connected quanta.
comment: The class of individuals representing causal particles.
comment: The disjoint union of CausalPath and Quantum classes.
conceptualisation: A causal particle represents the most elementary entity in physics, being it a simple state of an elementary particle, called quantum in the EMMO, or a chain of causally connected quanta.
definition: The disjoint union of CausalPath and Quantum classes.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: CausalPath or Quantum
elucidation: The class of individuals representing causal particles.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalParticle
etymology: From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

MechanicalMobilityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MechanicalMobility'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MechanicalMobility'.

Assembled
type: Class
comment: A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.
elucidation: A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.

MeanDurationOfLife
type: Class
comment: Reciprocal of the decay constant λ.
alternative label: MeanLifeTime
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime
qudtReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-25
elucidation: Reciprocal of the decay constant λ.

DoubleData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data representing a 64-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:double
elucidation: A symbolic data representing a 64-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.

PartialPressure
type: Class
comment: Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165
ISO80000Reference: 9-19
elucidation: Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420

Equals
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: =
comment: The equals symbol.
elucidation: The equals symbol.

MesoscopicModel
type: Class
comment: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.

PowerDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerDensity'.

ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerEnergy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerEnergy'.

PressureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Pressure'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Pressure'.

Fermion
type: Class
comment: A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
elucidation: A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

Ruby
type: Class

ForceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Force'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Force'.

Fusion
type: Class
comment: A mereological fusion is any entity that is made up of two or more quantum entities, regardless of the fact that they are or not self-connected. It captures the idea of set, but excluding singletons.
comment: The class of individuals representing mereological fusions consisting of two or more quantum entities.
comment: The union of the CausalCluster and CausalStructure classes.
example: An atom, a group of persons, a fluid.
conceptualisation: A mereological fusion is any entity that is made up of two or more quantum entities, regardless of the fact that they are or not self-connected. It captures the idea of set, but excluding singletons.
definition: The union of the CausalCluster and CausalStructure classes.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: CausalCluster or CausalStructure
elucidation: The class of individuals representing mereological fusions consisting of two or more quantum entities.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Fusion
etymology: From Latin fusio, from fundere ‘pour, melt’.

DarmastadtiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 281.165
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 110
comment: Atom subclass for darmastadtium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for darmastadtium.

BooleanData
type: Class
comment: A data representing a boolean number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:boolean
elucidation: A data representing a boolean number.

Mathematical
type: Class
comment: The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.
elucidation: The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.
note: A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions.

Quecto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: q
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-30
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-30.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-30.

RelativeLinearStrain
type: Class
comment: Relative change of length with respect the original length.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.2
elucidation: Relative change of length with respect the original length.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560

LengthPerCubeTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerCubeTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerCubeTime'.

SuperconductorEnergyGap
type: Class
comment: Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-37
elucidation: Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.

Aerosol
type: Class
comment: A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.
elucidation: A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.

PoyntingVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-34
elucidation: Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength.

DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity
type: Class
comment: Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545
ISO80000Reference: 10-64
elucidation: Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n.

Wavelength
type: Class
comment: Length of the repetition interval of a wave.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength
ISO80000Reference: 3-19
elucidation: Length of the repetition interval of a wave.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659

XenonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 131.293
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 54
comment: Atom subclass for xenon.
elucidation: Atom subclass for xenon.

ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalElectricChargeDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalElectricChargeDensity'.

CopperAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 63.546
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 29
comment: Atom subclass for copper.
elucidation: Atom subclass for copper.

Guess
type: Class
comment: A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective.
elucidation: A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective.

SerialWorkflow
type: Class
comment: A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.
elucidation: A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.

Fundamental
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole.
comment: Fundamental(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ¬∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
alternative label: Lifetime
example: A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running.
definition: Fundamental(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ¬∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Lifetime
etymology: From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Fundamental
etymology: From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”).

Axiom
annotated target: Fundamental(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ¬∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]

CompositePhysicalObject
type: Class
comment: A composite physical object is made of bonded objects (i.e. characterised by their quantum states using a Schrodinger equation approach) that are connected together by elementary particles travelling between them. These elemenentary particles are real particles, describing the existance of a classical field (e.g. Coulomb potential between charged particles).
comment: The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined.
conceptualisation: A composite physical object is made of bonded objects (i.e. characterised by their quantum states using a Schrodinger equation approach) that are connected together by elementary particles travelling between them. These elemenentary particles are real particles, describing the existance of a classical field (e.g. Coulomb potential between charged particles).
elucidation: The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined.

ElectricFlux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-17
elucidation: Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S.

ThalliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tl
comment: The symbol that stands for the thallium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the thallium atom.

ParallelWorkflow
type: Class
comment: A workflow can be seen as a direct acyclic graph, whose nodes are tasks and edges are asymmetric causal relations. A parallel graph occurs when the topological order of such graph if not unique, meaning that there is at least one portion of the workflow in which at least two tasks are running concurrently. Concurrent tasks may or may not communicate. Communication is represented as a symmetric causality relation, superimposing the direct acyclic graph structure of the workflow.
comment: A workflow with some tasks running concurrently.
conceptualisation: A workflow can be seen as a direct acyclic graph, whose nodes are tasks and edges are asymmetric causal relations. A parallel graph occurs when the topological order of such graph if not unique, meaning that there is at least one portion of the workflow in which at least two tasks are running concurrently. Concurrent tasks may or may not communicate. Communication is represented as a symmetric causality relation, superimposing the direct acyclic graph structure of the workflow.
elucidation: A workflow with some tasks running concurrently.

InductanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Inductance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Inductance'.

ElementaryCharge
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
comment: The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge
ISO80000Reference: 10-5.1
elucidation: The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032

MomentOfIntertia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-7
elucidation: Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006

SystemProgram
type: Class
comment: System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.
example: An operating system. A graphic driver.
elucidation: System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.

NuclidicMass
type: Class
comment: Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809
ISO80000Reference: 10-4.2
elucidation: Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258

SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperature'.

PositiveIntegerData
type: Class
comment: A data representing an integer number > 0.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:positiveInteger
elucidation: A data representing an integer number > 0.

ReciprocalMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalMass'.

ProcessEngineeringProcess
type: Class
note: Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process.
wikipediaReference: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik

RelativePermeability
type: Class
comment: Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-27
elucidation: Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272

LogarithmicDecrement
type: Class
comment: Product of damping coefficient and period duration.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-25
elucidation: Product of damping coefficient and period duration.

ThoriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 232.0377
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 90
comment: Atom subclass for thorium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for thorium.

SIDerivedUnit
type: Class
comment: A derived unit that belongs to the SI system.
elucidation: A derived unit that belongs to the SI system.

InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
type: Class
comment: In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487
ISO80000Reference: 10-78.2
elucidation: In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium.

NonEncodedContrast
type: Class
comment: Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
alternative label: EnvironmentalData
example: A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star.
elucidation: Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
note: A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string "today it's warmer than yesterday") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process.
note: This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains. It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact they can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected phenomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data.

Smoke
type: Class
comment: Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis.
elucidation: Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis.

HydrogenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.008
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1
comment: Atom subclass for hydrogen.
elucidation: Atom subclass for hydrogen.

ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering
type: Class

SpecificActivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample.
alternative label: MassicActivity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-28
elucidation: Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790

SolidSol
type: Class
comment: A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid.
elucidation: A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid.

IridiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 192.217
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 77
comment: Atom subclass for iridium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for iridium.

LinearDensityOfElectricCharge
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-5
elucidation: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length.

Matter
type: Class
comment: The class of physical objects that have some fermionic quantum parts.
comment: The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons) requiring their presence, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter.
alternative label: PhysicalSubstance
conceptualisation: The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons) requiring their presence, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: HybridMatter, OrdinaryMatter, AntiMatter
elucidation: The class of physical objects that have some fermionic quantum parts.
note: A matter entity requires the presence of fermions without excluding the presence of real or virtual fundamental bosons parts that are responsible for the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions.
note: Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Matter
etymology: From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”).

MathematicalSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Class
  complement of: Restriction

GasSolution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A gaseous solution made of more than one component type.
alternative label: GasMixture
elucidation: A gaseous solution made of more than one component type.

IRI
type: Class
comment: An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646)..
example: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος
elucidation: An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646)..
note: IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier

Axiom
annotated target: An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646)..

Tool
type: Class
comment: An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.
elucidation: An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Tool
etymology: Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’.

BerkeliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bk
comment: The symbol that stands for the berkelium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the berkelium atom.

SourceVoltage
type: Class
comment: Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source.
alternative label: SourceTension
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329
ISO80000Reference: 6-36
elucidation: Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source.

AqueousSolution
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A liquid solution in which the solvent is water.
elucidation: A liquid solution in which the solvent is water.

ElectricChargeDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Electric charge per volume.
alternative label: VolumeElectricCharge
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-3
elucidation: Electric charge per volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988

PhysicalPhenomenon
type: Class
comment: A physical phenomenon is intended as a physical process that starts or ends with an unbonded state, or that includes incoming or aoutgoing particles.
comment: The class of individuals standing for causally non-convex interacting systems.
example: A molecule, including a photon emitted (or captured) as result of a de-excitation (or excitation) process.
example: The formation of an hydrogen atom from a proton and electron.
conceptualisation: A physical phenomenon is intended as a physical process that starts or ends with an unbonded state, or that includes incoming or aoutgoing particles.
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for causally non-convex interacting systems.

ExaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E18
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "exa" (1e18).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "exa" (1e18).

AmountPerMassTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassTime'.

NeutronYieldPerFission
type: Class
comment: Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909
ISO80000Reference: 10-74.1
elucidation: Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.

EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245
ISO80000Reference: 10-40
elucidation: Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle.

NanoMaterial
type: Class
comment: Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm
elucidation: Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm

EnergyImparted
type: Class
comment: Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-80.1
elucidation: Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume.

PhysicsMathematicalComputation
type: Class
comment: A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
elucidation: A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
note: The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality.

MultiParticlePath
type: Class
comment: A chausal path whose quantum parts belongs to at least two different standard model fundamental types.
comment: An multi-particle path is a causal path of quantum entities of different type, following the causal connection between an initial quantum up to the final one, regardless on the fact that causality is passing through elementary particles of different types. For example, a path starting from an elementary photon, then through the electron with which it scatter, and then trough a positron with which the electron collides.
conceptualisation: An multi-particle path is a causal path of quantum entities of different type, following the causal connection between an initial quantum up to the final one, regardless on the fact that causality is passing through elementary particles of different types. For example, a path starting from an elementary photon, then through the electron with which it scatter, and then trough a positron with which the electron collides.
elucidation: A chausal path whose quantum parts belongs to at least two different standard model fundamental types.

ModulusOfAdmittance
type: Class
comment: quotient of the rms value of the electric current in a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the voltage between its terminals.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.4
elucidation: quotient of the rms value of the electric current in a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the voltage between its terminals.
note: Apparent admittance is often denoted by Y .

SpatioTemporalTileByPosition
type: Class
comment: The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their location within a tessellation in terms of causal source, sink or intermediary.
elucidation: The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their location within a tessellation in terms of causal source, sink or intermediary.

FormingFromChip
type: Class

SolidSolution
type: Class
comment: A solid solution made of two or more component substances.
elucidation: A solid solution made of two or more component substances.

MegaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "mega" (1e6).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "mega" (1e6).

UnitOne
type: Class
comment: "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -- SI Brochure
comment: Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units.
alternative label: Unitless
example: Refractive index or volume fraction.
example: Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS
definition: Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units.
elucidation: "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -- SI Brochure

FermiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 257.09511
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100
comment: Atom subclass for fermium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for fermium.

RefractiveIndex
type: Class
comment: Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex
elucidation: Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240

ReciprocalDuration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A quantity defined as the inverse of time.
alternative label: InverseDuration
alternative label: InverseTime
alternative label: ReciprocalTime
example: Frequency or rate.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850
elucidation: A quantity defined as the inverse of time.

EuclideanSpace
type: Class
comment: A three-manifold with Euclidean metric.
elucidation: A three-manifold with Euclidean metric.

StringData
type: Class
comment: Symbolic data that consist of a sequence of characters.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:string
elucidation: Symbolic data that consist of a sequence of characters.
note: Since a string is a simple type that can contain only characters but not other child elements, is often not suitable for representing human text, that may need additional elements for control of aspects such as bidirectional formatting or ruby annotation.

MassSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassSquareTime'.

PermittivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Permittivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Permittivity'.

NucleonNumber
type: Class
comment: number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus
alternative label: MassNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number
ISO80000Reference: 10-1.3
elucidation: number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726

RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
type: Class
comment: Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-17.1
elucidation: Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV.

Intensive
type: Class
comment: A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system.
comment: Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
example: Temperature Density Pressure ChemicalPotential
elucidation: A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system.

WaveVector
type: Class
comment: Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-21
elucidation: Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector

HardeningByRolling
type: Class
alternative label: VerfestigendurchWalzen
note: Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.

Axiom
annotated target: Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.
see also: DIN 65099-7:1989-11

ReciprocalLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalLength'.

SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
type: Class
comment: A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
example: cm/s
elucidation: A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.

EquilibriumPositionVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477
ISO80000Reference: 12-7.2
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium.

MeasurementUnitByDimensionality
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of measurement units by their physical dimensionality.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: DimensionalUnit or DimensionlessUnit
elucidation: Categorisation of measurement units by their physical dimensionality.

TotalCurrent
type: Class
comment: Sum of electric current and displacement current
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-19.2
elucidation: Sum of electric current and displacement current

DeepFreezing
type: Class
alternative label: Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze
alternative label: Tieftemperaturbehandeln
note: Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite

Axiom
annotated target: Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite
see also: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07

VacuumElectricPermittivity
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
comment: The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
alternative label: PermittivityOfVacuum
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum
ISO80000Reference: 6-14.1
elucidation: The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508

PerLengthTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTemperature'.

ActiveEnergy
type: Class
comment: The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-62
elucidation: The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power.

RelativeHumidity
type: Class
comment: Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat.
comment: The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-33
elucidation: Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity

Work
type: Class
comment: Product of force and displacement.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work
ISO80000Reference: 4-28.4
elucidation: Product of force and displacement.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684

ModulusOfElasticity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
alternative label: YoungsModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-19.1
elucidation: Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966

BoronAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.81
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 5
comment: Atom subclass for boron.
elucidation: Atom subclass for boron.

TantalumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ta
comment: The symbol that stands for the tantalum atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the tantalum atom.

ChemicalNomenclature
type: Class
comment: A chemical numenclature should not be confused with the chemical formula.
comment: A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.
elucidation: A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.

ElectricPolarization
type: Class
comment: At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-7
elucidation: At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.

URI
type: Class
comment: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
elucidation: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
note: URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment]

Axiom
annotated target: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.

NegativeIntegerData
type: Class
comment: A data representing an integer number < 0.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:negativeInteger
elucidation: A data representing an integer number < 0.

StrontiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sr
comment: The symbol that stands for the strontium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the strontium atom.

Workflow
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.
elucidation: A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.

Perceptual
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: The class contrast individuals standing for entities that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) to a human being and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
example: A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical).
example: The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Perceptual' class, meaning that I recognize the cloud as an object thanks to a specific perceptual channel (e.g. through my eyes). This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world, understandable by others ontologists. The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant". I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical perception individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Perceptual' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. So, the Perceptual class is here to categorized real-world objects at meta-level using common perceptual channels, for practical ontology usage. We could have represented the word "elephant" within a physicalistic approach, by identifying it as a pressure wave in the air.
elucidation: The class contrast individuals standing for entities that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) to a human being and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
note: This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of contrasts that are perceivable through a specific human-related perception mechanism. This perspective is based on human characterization of perceptions. A 'Perceptual' can stand for another object in an EMMO described semiotic process (acting as sign or as object), just like a word on a paper (the perceptual object) may refer semiotically to another object. However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). A 'Perceptual' becomes a semiotic object, when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist within the EMMO, and it's done always specifying for which interpreter this relation occurs.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Perceptual
etymology: From Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”).

CPlusPlus
type: Class
comment: A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++.
alternative label: C++
elucidation: A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++.

Information
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: Information is data with a meaning (semiotic sign).
comment: The General Definition of Information (GDI) can be used to define the concept of information. (GDI) a is an instance of information, understood as semantic content, if and only if: GDI.l) a consists of n data, for n > 1; GDI.2) the data are well formed; GDI.3) the well-formed data are meaningful. In the EMMO conceptualisation, well-formed data are data with a specific syntactic structure (symbolic and reductionistic modules), while meaningful data are data that are part of a semiotic interpretation process that declares what the data are about (semiotic module).
conceptualisation: The General Definition of Information (GDI) can be used to define the concept of information. (GDI) a is an instance of information, understood as semantic content, if and only if: GDI.l) a consists of n data, for n > 1; GDI.2) the data are well formed; GDI.3) the well-formed data are meaningful. In the EMMO conceptualisation, well-formed data are data with a specific syntactic structure (symbolic and reductionistic modules), while meaningful data are data that are part of a semiotic interpretation process that declares what the data are about (semiotic module).
elucidation: Information is data with a meaning (semiotic sign).

Axiom
annotated target: The General Definition of Information (GDI) can be used to define the concept of information. (GDI) a is an instance of information, understood as semantic content, if and only if: GDI.l) a consists of n data, for n > 1; GDI.2) the data are well formed; GDI.3) the well-formed data are meaningful. In the EMMO conceptualisation, well-formed data are data with a specific syntactic structure (symbolic and reductionistic modules), while meaningful data are data that are part of a semiotic interpretation process that declares what the data are about (semiotic module).
is defined by: Luciano Floridi, "Information - A Very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press (2010) ISBN: 9780199551378

FormingFromPlastic
type: Class

Program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
alternative label: Executable
elucidation: A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
note: A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.

Axiom
annotated target: A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.

PowderCoating
type: Class

TerbiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tb
comment: The symbol that stands for the terbium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the terbium atom.

HolisticSystem
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasComponent some Component
elucidation: An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.
note: A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time.

RecombinationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Coefficient in the law of recombination,
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-63
elucidation: Coefficient in the law of recombination,

SamariumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 150.36
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 62
comment: Atom subclass for samarium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for samarium.

DebyeAngularFrequency
type: Class
comment: Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986
ISO80000Reference: 12-10
elucidation: Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.

MassChangeRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mass increment per time.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547
ISO80000Reference: 4-30.3
elucidation: Mass increment per time.

MesoscopicSubstance
type: Class

GrowingCrystal
type: Class

PhaseOfMatter
type: Class
comment: A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
alternative label: Phase
elucidation: A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
note: In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.

Axiom
annotated target: In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

CelsiusTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature
ISO80000Reference: 5-2
elucidation: An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261

LutetiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Lu
comment: The symbol that stands for the lutetium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the lutetium atom.

AngularMomentum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum
ISO80000Reference: 4-11
elucidation: Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353

SulfurSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: S
comment: The symbol that stands for the sulfur atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the sulfur atom.

TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureAreaPerMassTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureAreaPerMassTime'.

TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureMassPerArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureMassPerArea'.

StandardEquilibriumConstant
type: Class
comment: Constant of a chemical reaction. It is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.
alternative label: ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378
ISO80000Reference: 9-32
elucidation: Constant of a chemical reaction. It is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915

MagneticReluctance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux.
alternative label: Reluctance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-39
elucidation: Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux.

IndiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: In
comment: The symbol that stands for the indium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the indium atom.

BohriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 270.133
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 107
comment: Atom subclass for bohrium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for bohrium.

SIAcceptedUnit
type: Class
comment: Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
comment: This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide.
elucidation: Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI

NameData
type: Class

EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
type: Class
comment: A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.
elucidation: A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.

SeaborgiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 271.134
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 106
comment: Atom subclass for seaborgium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for seaborgium.

Moulding
type: Class
comment: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
alternative label: Gesenkformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
see also: DIN 65099-3:1989-11

ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTime'.

ReactiveMaterial
type: Class
comment: A material that can take active part in a chemical reaction.
elucidation: A material that can take active part in a chemical reaction.

BohrMagneton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120
ISO80000Reference: 10-9.2
elucidation: Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion.

Kilo
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: k
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1000.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1000.

TungstenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: W
comment: The symbol that stands for the tungsten atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the tungsten atom.

VaporDeposition
type: Class

Bending
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress
see also: DIN 8586:2003-09

GapEnergy
type: Class
comment: Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature.
alternative label: BandgapEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-27.2
elucidation: Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593

GermaniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 72.63
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 32
comment: Atom subclass for germanium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for germanium.

ArgonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ar
comment: The symbol that stands for the argon atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the argon atom.

RationalData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data representing a rational number, that is a number that can be expressed exact by `p/q` where `p` and `q` are integer numbers.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some owl:rational
elucidation: A symbolic data representing a rational number, that is a number that can be expressed exact by `p/q` where `p` and `q` are integer numbers.

InverseSquareMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'InverseSquareMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'InverseSquareMass'.

FermiAnglularWaveNumber
type: Class
comment: Angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere.
alternative label: FermiAnglularRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303
ISO80000Reference: 12-9.2
elucidation: Angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere.

JoinManufacturing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.
comment: The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Fügen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
see also: DIN 8593-0:2003-09

EmpiricalFormula
type: Class
comment: An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.
example: Hydrogen peroxide is HO
elucidation: An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.

EinsteiniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Es
comment: The symbol that stands for the einsteinium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the einsteinium atom.

CurieTemperature
type: Class
comment: Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-35.1
elucidation: Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.

GermaniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ge
comment: The symbol that stands for the germanium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the germanium atom.

JosephsonConstantUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'JosephsonConstant'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'JosephsonConstant'.

LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition
type: Class
comment: Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458
ISO80000Reference: 9-16
elucidation: Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition.

PerTemperatureTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperatureTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperatureTime'.

PhosphorusSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: P
comment: The symbol that stands for the phosphorus atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the phosphorus atom.

UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
comment: For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634
ISO80000Reference: 12-36.3
elucidation: For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.

IsothermalConversion
type: Class

Colloid
type: Class
comment: A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
elucidation: A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
note: Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light.

Theorisation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.
alternative label: Theorization
elucidation: The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.

QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLengthPerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLengthPerTime'.

DonorDensity
type: Class
comment: Number of donor levels per volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.4
elucidation: Number of donor levels per volume.

MassFlow
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048
ISO80000Reference: 4-30.1
elucidation: At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity.

SlowingDownArea
type: Class
comment: In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918
ISO80000Reference: 10-72.1
elucidation: In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.

ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDisplacementField'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDisplacementField'.

Micro
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: μ
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-6.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-6.

ParticleFluenceRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-44
elucidation: Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time.

PhysicsEquationSolution
type: Class
comment: A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.
comment: This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). A dataset as solution is a conventional sign.
example: A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory.
elucidation: A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.

PlutoniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 244.06421
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 94
comment: Atom subclass for plutonium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for plutonium.

MagneticQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.4
elucidation: Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum.

Uncoded
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers.
example: A random generated id for a product.
elucidation: A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers.

OrdinaryMatter
type: Class
comment: Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles.
elucidation: Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles.

ElectronicModel
type: Class
comment: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
example: Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.

Distance
type: Class
comment: Distance is the norm of Displacement.
comment: Shortest path length between two points in a metric space.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.8
elucidation: Shortest path length between two points in a metric space.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance

AreaFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas.
example: Unit for solid angle.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas.

RichardsonConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-26
elucidation: Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function.

Referent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process.
alternative label: Object
alternative label: SemioticObject
elucidation: The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process.
note: Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign).

TimePerVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerVolume'.

QuantumData
type: Class
comment: Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.
elucidation: Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.

Tempering
type: Class
alternative label: QuenchingAndTempering
alternative label: Vergüten
note: Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.

Axiom
annotated target: Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.
see also: DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11

TensileForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
alternative label: Zugdruckumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
see also: DIN 8584-1:2003-09

SecondAxialMomentOfArea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-21.1
elucidation: A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.

OrganicCompound
type: Class

TennessineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 293.208
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 117
comment: Atom subclass for tennessine.
elucidation: Atom subclass for tennessine.

SICoherentUnit
type: Class
comment: A unit that can be expressed as a product of powers of SI base units with no pre-factor or offset.
elucidation: A unit that can be expressed as a product of powers of SI base units with no pre-factor or offset.
note: Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units.

ArithmeticOperator
type: Class

SymbolicData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data is a data that is rooted on some specified symbolic based encoding, such as floating point numbers, strings, integer. When a symbolic data is used for expressing numerical data (e.g., integer), it is not to be intended as a mathematical entity (even if it may be interpreted as such) but as a syntactic structure (datastructures or datatypes) based on concatenated tokens (or symbols, letters) that can deliver data.
comment: The class for entities which stands for a specific data format expressed using a symbolic encoding.
alternative label: LiteralData
conceptualisation: A symbolic data is a data that is rooted on some specified symbolic based encoding, such as floating point numbers, strings, integer. When a symbolic data is used for expressing numerical data (e.g., integer), it is not to be intended as a mathematical entity (even if it may be interpreted as such) but as a syntactic structure (datastructures or datatypes) based on concatenated tokens (or symbols, letters) that can deliver data.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: ArrayData, ScalarData
elucidation: The class for entities which stands for a specific data format expressed using a symbolic encoding.

LeadSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pb
comment: The symbol that stands for the lead atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the lead atom.

EnergyDensityOfStates
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quantity in condensed matter physics.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031
ISO80000Reference: 12-16
elucidation: Quantity in condensed matter physics.

IronSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fe
comment: The symbol that stands for the iron atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the iron atom.

ProductionEngineering
type: Class

GalliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 69.723
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 31
comment: Atom subclass for gallium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for gallium.

MaterialsProcessing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
alternative label: ContinuumManufacturing
example: Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam.
elucidation: A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
note: A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass.

DarmastadtiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ds
comment: The symbol that stands for the darmastadtium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the darmastadtium atom.

DerivedQuantity
type: Class
comment: "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system".
elucidation: "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system".
VIMTerm: derived quantity

TemperaturePerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerLength'.

SurfaceActivityDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-30
elucidation: Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample.

DiffusivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Diffusivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Diffusivity'.

LinkedFlux
type: Class
comment: Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-22.2
elucidation: Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once.

KryptonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 83.798
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 36
comment: Atom subclass for krypton.
elucidation: Atom subclass for krypton.

IonicStrength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber.
comment: For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-42
elucidation: For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180

AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
type: Class
comment: Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278
ISO80000Reference: 12-2.1
elucidation: Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi.

Coded
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers.
example: A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author.
example: The name "red" that stands for the color of an object.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Description or Property
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Observed or Estimated
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Subjective or Objective
elucidation: A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers.
note: A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat.
note: Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type.

ElementaryElectron
type: Class
comment: An elementary charged fermionic particle that belongs to the first generation of the lepton particle family.
elucidation: An elementary charged fermionic particle that belongs to the first generation of the lepton particle family.

YttriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 88.90584
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 39
comment: Atom subclass for yttrium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for yttrium.

ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerMass'.

PromethiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 144.91276
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 61
comment: Atom subclass for promethium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for promethium.

FreeForming
type: Class
comment: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
comment: Non la metterei
comment: Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation).

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
see also: DIN 65099-3:1989-11

DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630
ISO80000Reference: 10-39
elucidation: Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction.

KiloPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "kilo" (1000).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "kilo" (1000).

LeadAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 207.2
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 82
comment: Atom subclass for lead.
elucidation: Atom subclass for lead.

MagneticPolarisation
type: Class
comment: Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-29
elucidation: Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0.

DebyeTemperature
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821
ISO80000Reference: 12-11

YttriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Y
comment: The symbol that stands for the yttrium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the yttrium atom.

Liquid
type: Class
comment: A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
elucidation: A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.

Cylinder
type: Class
comment: A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and two "faces".
elucidation: A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and two "faces".

RichardsonConstantUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'RichardsonConstant'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'RichardsonConstant'.

MetrologicalConstruct
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A symbolic construct used within the discipline of metrology.
elucidation: A symbolic construct used within the discipline of metrology.

ArgonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 39.948
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 18
comment: Atom subclass for argon.
elucidation: Atom subclass for argon.

RapidPrototyping
type: Class
comment: Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.
elucidation: Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.

NihoniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 286.182
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 113
comment: Atom subclass for nihonium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for nihonium.

NaturalMaterial
type: Class
comment: A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention.
elucidation: A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention.

ElectricResistanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistance'.

DebyeAngularWaveNumber
type: Class
comment: Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
alternative label: DebyeAngluarRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370
ISO80000Reference: 12-9.3
elucidation: Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.

CausalCluster
type: Class
comment: The class of individuals representing causal clusters.
comment: The disjoint union of the CausalSystem and Collection classes.
comment: With the causal cluster term we address an heterogeneous group of entities, which possess the common feature of having at least two causally non connected quanta. It comprises collections (non self-connected entities) and causal systems (entities extended in space).
conceptualisation: With the causal cluster term we address an heterogeneous group of entities, which possess the common feature of having at least two causally non connected quanta. It comprises collections (non self-connected entities) and causal systems (entities extended in space).
definition: The disjoint union of the CausalSystem and Collection classes.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Collection or CausalSystem
elucidation: The class of individuals representing causal clusters.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalCluster
etymology: From Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”).

PlanckConstant
type: Class
comment: The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant
elucidation: The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685

AngularAcceleration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration
ISO80000Reference: 3-13
elucidation: Vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration

SolidMixture
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

MassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Mass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Mass'.

FormingJoin
type: Class

PoloniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 208.98243
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 84
comment: Atom subclass for polonium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for polonium.

AngularFrequencyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularFrequency'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularFrequency'.

AreaSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaSquareTime'.

RutherfordiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 267.122
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 104
comment: Atom subclass for rutherfordium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for rutherfordium.

PhosphorusAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 30.973761998
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 15
comment: Atom subclass for phosphorus.
elucidation: Atom subclass for phosphorus.

LengthPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerTemperature'.

TransferMolding
type: Class

CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application.
elucidation: The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application.

SiliconAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 28.085
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 14
comment: Atom subclass for silicon.
elucidation: Atom subclass for silicon.

ElectricImpedance
type: Class
comment: Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
alternative label: Impedance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.1
elucidation: Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance
maccorLabel: acimp/ohms

Broadcast
type: Class
comment: A mixed tiling in which a tile has next spatially connected tiles.
elucidation: A mixed tiling in which a tile has next spatially connected tiles.

IntentionalAgentByKind
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of intentional agents by their kind.
elucidation: Categorisation of intentional agents by their kind.

FleroviumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 289.19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 114
comment: Atom subclass for flerovium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for flerovium.

ZirconiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Zr
comment: The symbol that stands for the zirconium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the zirconium atom.

Yocto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: y
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-24
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-24.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-24.

ApparentPower
type: Class
comment: RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-57
elucidation: RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current.

Hadron
type: Class
comment: Particles composed of two or more quarks.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Baryon or Meson
elucidation: Particles composed of two or more quarks.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

ElementaryParticle
type: Class
comment: A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type.
comment: An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only.
alternative label: SingleParticleChain
example: An electron. A quark. A photon.
conceptualisation: An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: ElementaryFermion, ElementaryBoson
elucidation: A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: ElementaryParticle
etymology: From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).

TungstenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 183.84
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 74
comment: Atom subclass for tungsten.
elucidation: Atom subclass for tungsten.

MassFraction
type: Class
comment: Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction
ISO80000Reference: 9-11
elucidation: Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722

SpontaneousProcess
type: Class
comment: A process that has no identifiable agent driving its occurence.
alternative label: NaturalProcess
elucidation: A process that has no identifiable agent driving its occurence.

KryptonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Kr
comment: The symbol that stands for the krypton atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the krypton atom.

ElectricCurrentDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through.
alternative label: AreicElectricCurrent
alternative label: CurrentDensity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-8
elucidation: Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928

ArtificialIntelligence
type: Class
comment: An agent that is a machine-learning or symbolic reasoning system (not biological-based).
alternative label: ArtificialAgent
elucidation: An agent that is a machine-learning or symbolic reasoning system (not biological-based).

Hardening
type: Class
note: Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.

Axiom
annotated target: Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.
see also: ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19

Cognition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A semiotic process that assigns a sign by recognising an object by how it resemble or imitate what the sign stands for, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
alternative label: IconSemiosis
elucidation: A semiotic process that assigns a sign by recognising an object by how it resemble or imitate what the sign stands for, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.

EntropyPerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerMass'.

FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerAreaTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerAreaTime'.

MultiSimulation
type: Class
comment: A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models.
elucidation: A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models.

MassExcess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163
ISO80000Reference: 10-21.1
elucidation: Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719

MeasuringSystem
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. -- VIM
elucidation: A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. -- VIM
VIMTerm: measuring system

LinearElectricCurrentDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-9
elucidation: Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity

AluminiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 26.9815385
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 13
comment: Atom subclass for aluminium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for aluminium.

MentalAgency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An intentional agency caused by the agent’s mental states and events.
elucidation: An intentional agency caused by the agent’s mental states and events.
note: Mental states are strictly connected to the definition of mind, which is traditionally connected to high cognitive skills, such as the one provided by human beings brains.

ChemicalComposition
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.
elucidation: A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.

PhaseDifference
type: Class
comment: Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit.
alternative label: DisplacementAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-48
elucidation: Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit.

NonConvergent
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is not part of the other.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is not part of the other.

MechanicalEfficiency
type: Class
comment: Quotient of mechanical output and input power.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085
ISO80000Reference: 4-29
elucidation: Quotient of mechanical output and input power.

Femto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: f
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-15.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-15.

BondedObject
type: Class
comment: A bonded object is a sequence of fundamental interactions that can be described approximatively by Schrodinger formulation. A bonded object is typically characterised by having quantum states (e.g. electron states in an atom, energy levels of a molecule). Furthermore, a bonded object is made of elementary particles that travels from the beginning to the end of the entity (i.e. a bonded object doesn't change its components).
conceptualisation: A bonded object is a sequence of fundamental interactions that can be described approximatively by Schrodinger formulation. A bonded object is typically characterised by having quantum states (e.g. electron states in an atom, energy levels of a molecule). Furthermore, a bonded object is made of elementary particles that travels from the beginning to the end of the entity (i.e. a bonded object doesn't change its components).
note: "... in the 'classical' picture ordinary matter is made of atoms, in which electrons are held in orbit around a nucleus of protons and neutrons by the electrical attraction of opposite charges. We can now give this model a more sophisticated formulation by attributing the binding force to the exchange of photons between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus. However, for the purposes of atomic physics this is overkill, for in this context quantization of the electromagnetic field produces only minute effects (notably the Lamb shift and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron). To excellent approximation we can pretend that the forces are given by Coulomb's law (together with various magnetic dipole couplings). The point is that in a bound state enormous numbers of photons are continually streaming back and forth, so that the "lumpiness" of the field is effectively smoothed out, and classical electrodynamics is a suitable approximation to the truth. But in most elementary particle processes, such as the photoelectric effect or Compton scattering, individual photons are involved, and quantization can no longer be ignored." D. Griffiths, "Introduction to elementary Particles", Wiley-VCH, 2004, pp.16-17

HeatCapacity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas.
comment: Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity
ISO80000Reference: 5-15
elucidation: Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753

EMMO
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles). The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
comment: The class of all the OWL individuals representing world entities according to EMMO conceptualisation.
comment: The disjoint union of the fundamental mereocausal classes of Quantum, CausalPath, CausalSystem and Collection.
conceptualisation: The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles). The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
definition: The disjoint union of the fundamental mereocausal classes of Quantum, CausalPath, CausalSystem and Collection.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnion: CausalPath, Collection, Quantum, CausalSystem
elucidation: The class of all the OWL individuals representing world entities according to EMMO conceptualisation.
note: EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and space with the causal system concept. The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always 4D spatiotemporal entities. Moreover, the combination of mereology and causality used in the EMMO theory (mereocausality) represents entities as direct acyclic graphs with dimension of 4 (i.e., the mereocasual graph can be represented in a 4D euclidian space with edges having unit length). For this reasons, the EMMO can be considered a 4D ontology.

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
note: Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO.

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
note: All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: EMMO
etymology: EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology.

Axiom
annotated target: The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles). The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
note: While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. (e.g. quark, photon).

IsentropicExponent
type: Class
comment: For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-17.2
elucidation: For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities.

SeleniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 78.971
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 34
comment: Atom subclass for selenium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for selenium.

GrandCanonicalPartionFunction
type: Class
comment: Sum of canonical partition function Z (NA,NB,…) for the given number of particles A, B, ... multiplied by absolute activities of particles A, B, ...
alternative label: GrandPartionFunction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.3
elucidation: Sum of canonical partition function Z (NA,NB,…) for the given number of particles A, B, ... multiplied by absolute activities of particles A, B, ...

CoefficientOfThermalExpansion
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.
alternative label: ThermalExpansionCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760
elucidation: Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.

PH
type: Class
comment: At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: pH < 7 are acidic; pH = 7 are neutral; pH > 7 are alkaline. At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7.
comment: Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ pH = −10 log(a_H+).
comment: Written as pH
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C
elucidation: Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ pH = −10 log(a_H+).
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524

GoldSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Au
comment: The symbol that stands for the gold atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the gold atom.

Speed
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Length per unit time.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed
ISO80000Reference: 3-8.2
elucidation: Length per unit time.
note: Speed in the absolute value of the velocity.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852

AmountOfSubstance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -- SI Brochure
comment: The number of elementary entities present.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance
ISO80000Reference: 9-2
elucidation: The number of elementary entities present.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297

ThermalInsulance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer.
alternative label: CoefficientOfThermalInsulance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-11
elucidation: Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer.

MagneticDipoleMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: W = g μ M B where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. -- ISO 80000
comment: Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-9.1
ISO80000Reference: 6-30
elucidation: Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B
iupacReference: http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688

ElementaryFermion
type: Class
comment: An elementary particle of a fundamental fermionic type.
elucidation: An elementary particle of a fundamental fermionic type.

AcceptorDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.5
elucidation: quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume.

SINonCoherentUnit
type: Class
comment: An SI unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base SI units is NOT equal to one.
elucidation: An SI unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base SI units is NOT equal to one.
note: A non-SI coherent can be expressed in terms of its corresponding SI coherent unit, as nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset where `multiplier` and `offset` are specified via the 'hasConversionMultiplier' and 'hasConversionOffset' data properties, respectively.

NormalizedStringData
type: Class

ThuliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 168.93422
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 69
comment: Atom subclass for thulium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for thulium.

Product
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
alternative label: Output
elucidation: The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
note: This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Product
etymology: From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’.

BondedAtom
type: Class
comment: A bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of.
comment: A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.
comment: The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electronic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic.
comment: This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule.
elucidation: A bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of.

InternalEnergy
type: Class
comment: A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system.
alternative label: ThermodynamicEnergy
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy
ISO80000Reference: 5.20-2
elucidation: A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103

NonActivePower
type: Class
comment: For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-61
elucidation: For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P.

CriticalTemperature
type: Class
comment: Temperature below which quantum effects dominate.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516
elucidation: Temperature below which quantum effects dominate.

AbsorbedDoseRateUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDoseRate'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDoseRate'.

ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent
type: Class
comment: Real part of the impedance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.2
elucidation: Real part of the impedance.

MobiusStrip
type: Class
comment: A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and one "face".
elucidation: A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and one "face".

MassTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassTemperature'.

ProcessByContext
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes that categorise projects according to their mereological and persistence context
elucidation: The superclass for all classes that categorise projects according to their mereological and persistence context

MetrologicalUncertainty
type: Class
comment: In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty.
comment: Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated.
comment: The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity.
alternative label: A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation.
example: - Standard deviation - Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability
elucidation: The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity.
note: Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured".

AbsorbedDoseUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDose'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDose'.

ThuliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tm
comment: The symbol that stands for the thulium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the thulium atom.

AtomisticModel
type: Class
comment: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.

LengthTimeCurrentUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeCurrent'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeCurrent'.

Frequency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of periods per time interval.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-15.1
elucidation: Number of periods per time interval.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383

Replica
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions.
example: A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one.
example: Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...).
elucidation: An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions.

SpecificEnthalpy
type: Class
comment: Enthalpy per unit mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.3
elucidation: Enthalpy per unit mass.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy

CaesiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 132.90545196
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 55
comment: Atom subclass for caesium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for caesium.

VolumePerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTemperature'.

Mega
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: M
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e6.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e6.

Torus
type: Class
comment: The simplest 2-manifold with genus 1.
elucidation: The simplest 2-manifold with genus 1.

CapacitancePerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'CapacitancePerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'CapacitancePerLength'.

QuarticLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLength'.

Foaming
type: Class

DefinedEdgeCutting
type: Class
alternative label: Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
alternative label: Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
see also: DIN 8589-0:2003-09

Software
type: Class
comment: All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
elucidation: All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
note: Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Software
etymology: From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953.

Axiom
annotated target: All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.

Axiom
annotated target: Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.

NonPrefixedUnit
type: Class
comment: A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: DerivedUnit or UnitSymbol
elucidation: A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part.

PerThermalTransmittanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerThermalTransmittance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerThermalTransmittance'.

ManufacturingDevice
type: Class
comment: A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.
elucidation: A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.

ManufacturedProduct
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creator
  some values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: manufacturer
  some values from: Organization
comment: An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.
alternative label: Artifact
alternative label: Engineered
alternative label: TangibleProduct
example: Car, tire, composite material.
elucidation: An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Artifact
etymology: From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Engineered
etymology: From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget").

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: TangibleProduct
etymology: From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: ManufacturedProduct
etymology: From Latin manufacture: "made by hand".

ElectricConductivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivity'.

MeasuredProperty
type: Class
comment: A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure.
comment: The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -- VIM
elucidation: A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure.

WorkpieceManufacturing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
see also: ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.
see also: ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components
alternative label: DiscreteManufacturing
alternative label: Werkstücke @de
elucidation: A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components

Fluid
type: Class
comment: A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.
example: Gas, liquid, plasma,
elucidation: A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.

ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalSquareEnergy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalSquareEnergy'.

SulfurAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 32.06
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 16
comment: Atom subclass for sulfur.
elucidation: Atom subclass for sulfur.

VolumePerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerSquareTime'.

FunctionallyDefinedMaterial
type: Class

MassPerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerTime'.

MathematicalFormula
type: Class
comment: A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.
comment: The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain.
elucidation: A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.

SurfaceTension
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: 4-26
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192

SquarePressureTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressureTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressureTime'.

NumericalData
type: Class
comment: Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.
elucidation: Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.

TimeConstant
type: Class
comment: parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-15
elucidation: parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system

FloatingPointData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data representing a numerical floating point value.
elucidation: A symbolic data representing a numerical floating point value.

DensityOfVibrationalStates
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294
ISO80000Reference: 12-12
elucidation: quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume

EnergyAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyArea'.

ChemicalPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy per unit change in amount of substance.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential
ISO80000Reference: 9-17
elucidation: Energy per unit change in amount of substance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032

ArithmeticExpression
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  complement of: Restriction
example: 2+2

Deci
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: d
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1/10.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1/10.

ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivityPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivityPerAmount'.

SpatialTiling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial.
elucidation: A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial.

ExactConstant
type: Class
comment: Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty.
elucidation: Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty.

SymbolicConstruct
type: Class
comment: A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasProperPart some Symbolic
elucidation: A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
note: This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predefined arrangement schema.

KineticFrictionFactor
type: Class
alternative label: DynamicFrictionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.2

PalladiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pd
comment: The symbol that stands for the palladium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the palladium atom.

EndTask
type: Class
comment: The final task of a workflow.
elucidation: The final task of a workflow.
note: There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.

ChemicalMaterial
type: Class

VolumePerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerMass'.

URL
type: Class
comment: The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").
elucidation: The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").

Axiom
annotated target: The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").

EuropiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 151.964
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 63
comment: Atom subclass for europium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for europium.

CollectiveAgency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Collective agency occurs when two or more individuals act as a group, in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group.
elucidation: Collective agency occurs when two or more individuals act as a group, in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group.
note: The group acting collectively is intended to be represented as an item, meaning that all members of the group should have had at least one causal interaction with another member. The collective action in fact is taken in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group itself that requires implicitly a causal interaction between members.

IntentionalAgencyByKind
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of intentional agencies by their kind.
elucidation: Categorisation of intentional agencies by their kind.

ContinuumSubstance
type: Class
comment: A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1
elucidation: A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1
note: A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant.
note: A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe.
note: A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity.

BondedParticle
type: Class
comment: A composite particle is a bonded particle for which it is possible to clearly define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. The term particle is then reserved for entities whose fermionic or bosonic nature is clearly defined.
conceptualisation: A composite particle is a bonded particle for which it is possible to clearly define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. The term particle is then reserved for entities whose fermionic or bosonic nature is clearly defined.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: CompositeBoson, CompositeFermion

LowPressureCasting
type: Class

NumericData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data representing a numerical value.
elucidation: A symbolic data representing a numerical value.

MolarVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Volume per amount of substance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112
ISO80000Reference: 9-5
elucidation: Volume per amount of substance.

SimulationApplication
type: Class
comment: An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
example: An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.
elucidation: An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.

TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.6
elucidation: Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J.

Semiotics
type: Class
comment: A perspective based on Pierce semiotics, where an interpreter relates a referent to a sign in through semiotic relations.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Semiosis or SemioticEntity
elucidation: A perspective based on Pierce semiotics, where an interpreter relates a referent to a sign in through semiotic relations.

LinearIonization
type: Class
comment: Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-58
elucidation: Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge.

ResemblanceIcon
type: Class
comment: An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object.
example: A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time.
elucidation: An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object.
note: An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape.
note: The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: ResemblanceIcon
etymology: From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).

Constant
type: Class
comment: A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.
elucidation: A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.

TechnetiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tc
comment: The symbol that stands for the technetium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the technetium atom.

Communicating
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is communicated by the interpreter by the production of a sign, i.e. the entity that stands for the referent according to the interpreter.
example: I (interpreter) see an entity (referent) whose perception stimulates in me an internal representation (interpretant). Then I say: "Ketchup." (sign) with the intention of communicate externally something about that entity.
elucidation: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is communicated by the interpreter by the production of a sign, i.e. the entity that stands for the referent according to the interpreter.

MagneticPotentialUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticPotential'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticPotential'.

ProceduralAgent
type: Class
comment: An intentional agent that drives a process according to some existing formalised operative rules.
elucidation: An intentional agent that drives a process according to some existing formalised operative rules.

Theory
type: Class
comment: A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'.
comment: The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument
elucidation: A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'.

RheniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Re
comment: The symbol that stands for the rhenium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the rhenium atom.

Radioactivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Decays per unit time.
alternative label: RadioactiveActivity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity
elucidation: Decays per unit time.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114

PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
type: Class
comment: A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
elucidation: A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.

ProtonMass
type: Class
comment: The rest mass of a proton.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914

YtterbiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 173.054
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 70
comment: Atom subclass for ytterbium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for ytterbium.

RheniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 186.207
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 75
comment: Atom subclass for rhenium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for rhenium.

MeanFreePathOfPhonons
type: Class
comment: average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255
ISO80000Reference: 12-15.1
elucidation: average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions

ThermalConductivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature.
comment: In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity
ISO80000Reference: 5-9
elucidation: At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature.

Plus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: +

MeanFreePathOfElectrons
type: Class
comment: Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307
ISO80000Reference: 12-15.2
elucidation: Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions.

AbsorbedDose
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose
ISO80000Reference: 10-81.1
elucidation: Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031

NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
type: Class
comment: Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.7
elucidation: Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin.

StrontiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 87.62
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 38
comment: Atom subclass for strontium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for strontium.

ElectricCurrentPhasor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596
ISO80000Reference: 6-49

MassFractionOfDryMatter
type: Class
comment: Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-32
elucidation: Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water.

Somatosensory
type: Class

ElectricChargeDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeDensity'.

MassPerVolumeTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerVolumeTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerVolumeTime'.

Nuclear
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that is part of all the other proper parts of the same type.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that is part of all the other proper parts of the same type.

Molds
type: Class

Proton
type: Class
comment: A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
elucidation: A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyLengthPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyLengthPerAmount'.

NihoniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Nh
comment: The symbol that stands for the nihonium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the nihonium atom.

IsochoricHeatCapacity
type: Class
comment: Heat capacity at constant volume.
alternative label: HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.3
elucidation: Heat capacity at constant volume.

PoissonNumber
type: Class
comment: Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
alternative label: PoissonsRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-18
elucidation: Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.

SeparateManufacturing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: CuttingManufacturing
alternative label: Trennen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.

AreaDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaDensity'.

DynamicViscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied.
alternative label: Viscosity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-24
elucidation: The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877

NominalProperty
type: Class
comment: "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
comment: An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified.
example: CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. Sex of a human being.
elucidation: An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified.
VIMTerm: nominal property

PartialComposition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A language construct that represents fraction or amount of some (but not all) constituents of a substance.
elucidation: A language construct that represents fraction or amount of some (but not all) constituents of a substance.

MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction
type: Class
comment: Number of all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, and external fields.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.1
elucidation: Number of all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, and external fields.

VolumetricNumberDensity
type: Class
comment: Count per volume.
elucidation: Count per volume.

Object
type: Class
comment: An item can be classified as an object according to a type ϕ (a ϕ-object) if it's a ϕ all its temporal item parts are also of type ϕ. This conceptualisation tries to catch the persistency of type in the temporal parts of an entity.
comment: The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have all temporal item parts of the same type of the whole.
alternative label: Continuant
alternative label: Endurant
example: If ϕ is the class of human beings, then the 4D entity representing a lifetime from birth to death in senile age is an object. if ϕ is the class of underages, the 4D entity representing the same lifetime is a process, since the underage covers only a part of the lifetime.
example: Practically speaking, the Object class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Car) for each of which holds the axiom that all the item parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. Car SubClassOf hasTemporalItemPart only Car). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Object, but to belong to a specific subclass of Object that identifies entities with a type-persistent structure.
conceptualisation: An item can be classified as an object according to a type ϕ (a ϕ-object) if it's a ϕ all its temporal item parts are also of type ϕ. This conceptualisation tries to catch the persistency of type in the temporal parts of an entity.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Equivalent To: Constituent or Participant or Status or SubObject
elucidation: The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have all temporal item parts of the same type of the whole.
note: Indefinitely temporally slicing of an entity leads to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the entity as an item will no longer hold. More generally. a temporal part is no more of type ϕ when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterizes the causality interactions between the object parts. In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental quantum parts. For this reason, the definition of object is done by considering only item temporal parts, meaning that slicing in time has the lower limit of a self-connected (i.e. item) entity.

JSONData
type: Class

PeriodDuration
type: Class
comment: duration of one cycle of a periodic event
alternative label: Period
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-14
elucidation: duration of one cycle of a periodic event
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493

MaterialsModel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
elucidation: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.

HalfLife
type: Class
comment: Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-31
elucidation: Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.

RelativePressureCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Relative change of pressure with temperature at constant volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-3.3
elucidation: Relative change of pressure with temperature at constant volume.

Assemblying
type: Class
comment: The act of connecting together the parts of something
elucidation: The act of connecting together the parts of something
note: No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Assemblying
etymology: From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’.

NonLeakageProbability
type: Class
comment: Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566
ISO80000Reference: 10-77
elucidation: Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron.

VolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Volume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Volume'.

Polynomial
type: Class
example: 2 * x^2 + x + 3

MagnesiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mg
comment: The symbol that stands for the magnesium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the magnesium atom.

PhysicalQuantiyByDefinition
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of physical quantities by how they are defined.
elucidation: Categorisation of physical quantities by how they are defined.

IUPACNomenclature
type: Class
comment: Chemical nomenclauture following the IUPAC standard.
elucidation: Chemical nomenclauture following the IUPAC standard.

HeatFlowRate
type: Class
comment: Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-7
elucidation: Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval.

Rolling
type: Class
comment: Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
alternative label: Walzen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
see also: DIN 8583-2:2003-09

CoatingManufacturing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Beschichten @de
elucidation: A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.

CoperniciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cn
comment: The symbol that stands for the copernicium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the copernicium atom.

ChemicalFormula
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A chemical formula may also include other symbols such as parentheses, plus and minus signs, brackets
comment: A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.
elucidation: A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.

TwoManifold
type: Class
comment: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 2-dimensional Euclidean space.
alternative label: 2-manifold
elucidation: A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 2-dimensional Euclidean space.

TemporalSequence
type: Class
comment: A tessellation of temporal slices.
alternative label: Sequence
elucidation: A tessellation of temporal slices.

ElectricChargeAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeArea'.

ElectricReactance
type: Class
comment: The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.
alternative label: Reactance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.3
elucidation: The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.
note: The imaginary part of the impedance.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162

Cleaning
type: Class
comment: Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material
see also: ISO 13574:2015-02

AngularMeasure
type: Class
comment: The abstract notion of angle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-5
elucidation: The abstract notion of angle.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346

SIAcceptedPrefixedUnit
type: Class
comment: Non-SI prefixed units that have been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
elucidation: Non-SI prefixed units that have been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.

DiffusionCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Proportionality constant in some physical laws.
alternative label: MassDiffusivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604008
elucidation: Proportionality constant in some physical laws.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_diffusivity

Simulation
type: Class
comment: A estimation of a property using a functional icon.
alternative label: Modelling
example: I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it.
elucidation: A estimation of a property using a functional icon.

HydrogenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: H
comment: The symbol that stands for the hydrogen atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the hydrogen atom.

ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperature'.

ScientificTheory
type: Class
comment: A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology.
elucidation: A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology.

LevelWidth
type: Class
comment: In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340
ISO80000Reference: 10-26
elucidation: In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507

LiquidAerosol
type: Class
comment: An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas.
elucidation: An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas.

QualifiedRole
type: Class
comment: The qualified role concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to be part of a larger entity of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches. The concept of role is then defined as something that needs a wider and specific environment to exist. For example, the car radio type requires all instances to be a part of a car, while the opposite (the car having a radio) is not mandatory for qualified roles. The same applies for airplane winglets that are by definition an optional part of an airplane. Food preservatives are anothe optional part of foods.
comment: The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires their individuals to be part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific role with respect to it.
alternative label: QRole
conceptualisation: The qualified role concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to be part of a larger entity of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches. The concept of role is then defined as something that needs a wider and specific environment to exist. For example, the car radio type requires all instances to be a part of a car, while the opposite (the car having a radio) is not mandatory for qualified roles. The same applies for airplane winglets that are by definition an optional part of an airplane. Food preservatives are anothe optional part of foods.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires their individuals to be part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific role with respect to it.
note: Al QRole subclasses shuld have an axiom to express the role requirements, in the form of: MyQRoleClass SubClassOf: isProperPartOf some AnotherClass This is a necessary but not sufficient condition.
note: We usually have the same word to identify both the role and the name of a device. for example, under the term hammer we can identify both a product and generic entity used for hammering a nail. The concept of role helps to distinguish between these two concepts. Ideally ther shuld be an HammerRole and an HammerProduct types. The product may or may not be used as HammerRole, but only expresses the fact that it has been designed as an optimal hammering device. The hammering role can be played by any hard-enough object, even if it is not an hammer product.

MixingRatio
type: Class
comment: Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.
comment: The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat.
alternative label: MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-30
elucidation: Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.

RutheniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 101.07
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 44
comment: Atom subclass for ruthenium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for ruthenium.

CollectiveAgent
type: Class
comment: An intentional agent that takes part in driving a process as part of a group.
example: A catalyst that together with another catalyst drives a chemical process that needs both catalysts to occur.
elucidation: An intentional agent that takes part in driving a process as part of a group.

ThomsonCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233
ISO80000Reference: 12-23
elucidation: Quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference.

NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency
type: Class
comment: Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779
ISO80000Reference: 10-15.3
elucidation: Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field.

AmountPerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMass'.

AreaTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTime'.

PerVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerVolume'.

TransportationDevice
type: Class

MagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Often denoted B.
comment: Strength of the magnetic field.
alternative label: MagneticInduction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-21
elucidation: Strength of the magnetic field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686

SamariumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sm
comment: The symbol that stands for the samarium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the samarium atom.

IndiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 114.818
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 49
comment: Atom subclass for indium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for indium.

Painting
type: Class

SolidAerosol
type: Class
comment: An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas.
elucidation: An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas.

Area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Extent of a surface.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area
ISO80000Reference: 3-3
elucidation: Extent of a surface.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429

OxygenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: O
comment: The symbol that stands for the oxygen atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the oxygen atom.

ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTemperature'.

MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperature'.

EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyDensityOfStates'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyDensityOfStates'.

LogarithmicUnit
type: Class
comment: A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type.
example: Decibel
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit
elucidation: A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type.
note: Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units

AreaPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerAmount'.

Luminance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.
comment: Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²).
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance
elucidation: A photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640

ElectricChargePerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerLength'.

Metrological
type: Class
comment: A language entity used in the metrology discipline.
elucidation: A language entity used in the metrology discipline.
note: Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)

Axiom
annotated target: Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)

Degenerency
type: Class
comment: For a quantum level, the statistical weight of that level.
alternative label: Multiplicity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301
ISO80000Reference: 9-36.2
elucidation: For a quantum level, the statistical weight of that level.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556

OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent
type: Class
comment: Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
alternative label: OsmoticFactorOfSolvent
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102
ISO80000Reference: 9-27.2
elucidation: Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342

SIDimensionalUnit
type: Class
comment: Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI).
elucidation: Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI).
note: In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. -- SI brouchure The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ The physical dimensionality of all subclasses of SIDimensionalUnit are defined by their dimensional string. Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional string are: - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"

AlgebraicEquation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s
example: 2 * a - b = c

Annealing
type: Class
note: heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium

Axiom
annotated target: heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium
see also: EN 10028-1:2017-07

SpeedOfLightInVacuum
type: Class
comment: The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum
ISO80000Reference: 6-35.2
elucidation: The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854

Tile
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation.
elucidation: A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation.

File
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path.
elucidation: In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path.

ElementaryQuark
type: Class
comment: An elementary fermionic particle that is the fundamental constituent of matter.
elucidation: An elementary fermionic particle that is the fundamental constituent of matter.

Capacitance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential.
alternative label: ElectricCapacitance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance
ISO80000Reference: 6-13
elucidation: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791

RadiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ra
comment: The symbol that stands for the radium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the radium atom.

TinAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 118.71
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 50
comment: Atom subclass for tin.
elucidation: Atom subclass for tin.

IterativeTask
type: Class
comment: An iterative workflow which is a task of a larger workflow.
example: A Jacobi method, involving the iterative multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, which is part of larger workflow for the solution of a partial differential equation using finite differences.
elucidation: An iterative workflow which is a task of a larger workflow.

PerAreaTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAreaTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAreaTime'.

SharedAgent
type: Class
comment: An intentional agent that takes part in driving a process without being a group.
example: Singing a song together with others. Carrying a piece of furniture together with others.
elucidation: An intentional agent that takes part in driving a process without being a group.

Estimated
type: Class
comment: A coded that is assigned from an estimation.
example: The biography of a person that the author have not met.
elucidation: A coded that is assigned from an estimation.

Mobility
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-61
elucidation: Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955

PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves
type: Class
comment: Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619
ISO80000Reference: 6-35.1
elucidation: Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber.

MassPerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerAmount'.

Entropy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system.
comment: May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy
ISO80000Reference: 5-18
elucidation: Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149

IsothermalCompressibility
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-5.1
note: Quantity characterising the relative variation of volume with pressure at constant thermodynamic temperature.

Measurer
type: Class
comment: An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property.
elucidation: An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property.

SolidFoam
type: Class
comment: A foam of trapped gas in a solid.
example: Aerogel
elucidation: A foam of trapped gas in a solid.

PhysicalLaw
type: Class
comment: A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena.
elucidation: A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena.

StandardizedPhysicalQuantity
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ).
elucidation: The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ).

FermiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fm
comment: The symbol that stands for the fermium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the fermium atom.

TechnetiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 97.90721
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 43
comment: Atom subclass for technetium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for technetium.

MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticLengthTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticLengthTime'.

HoleDensity
type: Class
comment: Number of holes in valence band per volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.2
elucidation: Number of holes in valence band per volume.

PressureFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures.

MetricSubMultipleUnit
type: Class
comment: Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
elucidation: Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.

Presses
type: Class

ObjectByContext
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes that categorise objects according to their mereological and persistence context
elucidation: The superclass for all classes that categorise objects according to their mereological and persistence context

CentreOfMass
type: Class
comment: In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame.
comment: The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation.
elucidation: The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass

NumericalVariable
type: Class
comment: A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.
elucidation: A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.

GaugePressure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211
ISO80000Reference: 4-14.2
elucidation: The pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
note: Gauge pressure can be measured using a diaphragm sensor, where one side of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure media that is to be measured, while the other side is exposed to the ambient atmospheric pressure.

Fugacity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412
ISO80000Reference: 9-20
elucidation: Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543

ConcreteOrPlasterPouring
type: Class

ArrayData
type: Class
comment: An array is a datatype representing an ordered collection of elements (or values) that can be accessed by indexes. Arrays have an analog mathematical counterpart in vectors and matrixes, but are separate concepts. Arrays may be multidimensional.
conceptualisation: An array is a datatype representing an ordered collection of elements (or values) that can be accessed by indexes. Arrays have an analog mathematical counterpart in vectors and matrixes, but are separate concepts. Arrays may be multidimensional.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasScalarData some ScalarData
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some SymbolicData
note: In the EMMO we use the following JSON based syntax to represent arrays: - mono-dimensional array [v1,v2,...,vn] (vector) - bi-dimensional array [[v1,v2,...,vn],[w1,w2,...,2n]] (matrix) This notation can be extended to multidimensional arrays.
note: The structure of an array is expressed mereologically. It consists of a set of equally sized tiles. The tiles of an n-dimensional array are (n-1) dimensional arrays. The tiles of an (n-1)-dimensional array are (n-2) dimensional arrays, and so forth down to 1-dimensional arrays (vectors), whos tiles are scalar data.

LanguageData
type: Class

MolarConductivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278
ISO80000Reference: 9-45
elucidation: Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976

DateData
type: Class
comment: A data representing a date.
elucidation: A data representing a date.

FermiEnergy
type: Class
comment: In a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-27.1
elucidation: In a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340

HartreeEnergy
type: Class
comment: Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree
ISO80000Reference: 10-8
elucidation: Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748

StructureFactor
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mathematical description in crystallography.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.4
elucidation: Mathematical description in crystallography.

PerLengthTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTime'.

PackingFraction
type: Class
comment: Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276
ISO80000Reference: 10-23.1
elucidation: Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number.

Learning
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation.The interpretant is not commmunicated to the external world, but kept in the internal representational space of the interpreter.
elucidation: A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation.The interpretant is not commmunicated to the external world, but kept in the internal representational space of the interpreter.

TaskTile
type: Class
comment: A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
comment: While a task is only an holistic part of a workflow, a task tile provide a more precise context about the placement of a task in the topological structure of a workflow by using a reductionistic categorization. A workflow is now seen as a tiling and the task is on of its tiles.
alternative label: Step
conceptualisation: While a task is only an holistic part of a workflow, a task tile provide a more precise context about the placement of a task in the topological structure of a workflow by using a reductionistic categorization. A workflow is now seen as a tiling and the task is on of its tiles.
elucidation: A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
note: A task tile is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.

PolyatomicEntity
type: Class
comment: An entity made of two or more bonded atoms.
elucidation: An entity made of two or more bonded atoms.

VolumeFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes.
example: Unit for volume fraction.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes.

MicroPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "micro" (1e-6).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "micro" (1e-6).

ProgrammingLanguage
type: Class
comment: A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language.
alternative label: Code
alternative label: SoftwareCode
elucidation: A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language.
note: A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution.
note: Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper.

PhysioChemicalQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9.

ElementalMaterial
type: Class

DippingForms
type: Class

WorkFunction
type: Class
comment: Least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron.
comment: Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance.
alternative label: ElectronWorkFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-24.1
elucidation: Least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015

PathLength
type: Class
comment: Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points.
alternative label: ArcLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.7
elucidation: Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

Symbol
type: Class
comment: The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet).
alternative label: AlphabeticEntity
example: A letter, a number, a punctuation sign, a space, an UTF-8 character.
example: The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A".
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet).
note: Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters.
note: Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)
note: The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea.

ElectrolyticDeposition
type: Class

AbsoluteHumidity
type: Class
comment: Mass of the contained water vapour per volume.
alternative label: MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-28
elucidation: Mass of the contained water vapour per volume.

Macromolecule
type: Class
comment: A polyatomic entity containing a very large number of atoms.
example: Protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
elucidation: A polyatomic entity containing a very large number of atoms.

PhysicalParticle
type: Class
comment: A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests).
comment: The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons.
alternative label: Particle
definition: The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons.
elucidation: A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests).
note: The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Particle
etymology: From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

CoefficientOfFriction
type: Class
comment: Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one.
alternative label: FrictionCoefficient
alternative label: FrictionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524
elucidation: Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530

LatticeVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234
ISO80000Reference: 12-1.1
elucidation: translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself

SpaceAndTimeQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3.

DiffusionLength
type: Class
comment: In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-33
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime.

ShearStrain
type: Class
comment: Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.3
elucidation: Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637

ChemicalCompositionQuantity
type: Class

Solid
type: Class
comment: A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined.
elucidation: A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined.

BoronSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: B
comment: The symbol that stands for the boron atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the boron atom.

Concentration
type: Class
comment: the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration
elucidation: the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration
iupacReference: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222

LanthanumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: La
comment: The symbol that stands for the lanthanum atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the lanthanum atom.

Division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: /

DewPointTemperature
type: Class
comment: The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point.
comment: Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-36
elucidation: Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652

MilliPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "milli" (1e-3).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "milli" (1e-3).

RybergConstant
type: Class
comment: The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant
elucidation: The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430

JouleThomsonCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Change of thermodynamic temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule-Thomson process at constant enthalpy.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998
ISO80000Reference: 5-24
elucidation: Change of thermodynamic temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule-Thomson process at constant enthalpy.

RelativeMassFractionOfVapour
type: Class
comment: Quotient of mass concentration of water vapour and mass concentration at its saturation ψ = r/rsat where r is mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas and rsat is the mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation of the same temperature.
ISO80000Reference: 5-35
elucidation: Quotient of mass concentration of water vapour and mass concentration at its saturation ψ = r/rsat where r is mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas and rsat is the mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation of the same temperature.

StructuralFormula
type: Class
comment: A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.
elucidation: A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.

FormingFromPulp
type: Class

IronAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 55.845
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 26
comment: Atom subclass for iron.
elucidation: Atom subclass for iron.

Agency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process that occurs because of the exercise of the capacity to act of an agent.
alternative label: AgentDrivenProcess
elucidation: A process that occurs because of the exercise of the capacity to act of an agent.

DataBasedSimulationSoftware
type: Class
comment: A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
elucidation: A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.

Manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
see also: ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion
see also: ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
elucidation: The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
note: Deals with entities that have a defined shape.
wikipediaReference: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Manufacturing
etymology: From Latin manu factum ("made by hand").

PressureCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-4
elucidation: Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume.

TemperaturePerPressureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerPressure'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerPressure'.

ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerArea'.

SpecificEnergyImparted
type: Class
comment: In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195
ISO80000Reference: 10-81.2
elucidation: In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass.

ArithmeticEquation
type: Class
example: 1 + 1 = 2

Stage
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process which is a temporal part of another process.
example: Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running.
elucidation: A process which is a temporal part of another process.

ISQDimensionlessQuantity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless
elucidation: A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742

ScalarMagneticPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.1
elucidation: Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength.

CarbonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: C
comment: The symbol that stands for the carbon atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the carbon atom.

TemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Temperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Temperature'.

DieCasting
type: Class

VolumePerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTime'.

GigaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "giga" (1e9).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "giga" (1e9).

VolumeFraction
type: Class
comment: Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction
ISO80000Reference: 9-14
elucidation: Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643

PotassiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: K
comment: The symbol that stands for the potassium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the potassium atom.

AmountPerAreaTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerAreaTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerAreaTime'.

ChemicallyDefinedMaterial
type: Class

Decay
type: Class
comment: A decay is a fundamental process occurring to one particle that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n) with n>1, being n the number of outgoing particles.
comment: The class of fundamental systems where a particle generates two or more other particles.
example: The W boson decays, where a single W boson decays in two particles such as electron and electron antineutrino, or quark and antiquark.
conceptualisation: A decay is a fundamental process occurring to one particle that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n) with n>1, being n the number of outgoing particles.
elucidation: The class of fundamental systems where a particle generates two or more other particles.

SubjectiveProperty
type: Class
comment: A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community).
example: The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10.
elucidation: A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community).

Gyroradius
type: Class
comment: Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field.
alternative label: LarmorRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458
ISO80000Reference: 10-17
elucidation: Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field.

Folding
type: Class

VolumePerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmount'.

IntData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 32-bit integer number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:int
elucidation: A data representing 32-bit integer number.

FORTRAN
type: Class

Torque
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt.
comment: The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque
ISO80000Reference: 4-12.2
elucidation: The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400

TimePerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerLength'.

DampingCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity.
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-24
elucidation: Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity.

ElectricChargeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCharge'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCharge'.

Chemical
type: Class
comment: A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.
elucidation: A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.

SIAcceptedDerivedUnit
type: Class
comment: Defived units that are accepted to be used with SI.
elucidation: Defived units that are accepted to be used with SI.

NonNumericalData
type: Class
comment: Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).
elucidation: Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).

KineticEnergy
type: Class
comment: The energy of an object due to its motion.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy
ISO80000Reference: 4-28.2
elucidation: The energy of an object due to its motion.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402

IsobaricHeatCapacity
type: Class
comment: Heat capacity at constant pressure.
alternative label: HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.2
elucidation: Heat capacity at constant pressure.

FloatData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data representing a 32-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:float
elucidation: A symbolic data representing a 32-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.

BaseQuantity
type: Class
comment: "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1
elucidation: "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1
VIMTerm: base quantity

StandardUnit
type: Class
comment: A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
alternative label: ReferenceMaterial
example: Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l
elucidation: A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)

FlexuralForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress.
alternative label: Biegeumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress.
see also: DIN 8586:2003-09

Strain
type: Class
comment: Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.1
elucidation: Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole.

NiobiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 92.90637
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 41
comment: Atom subclass for niobium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for niobium.

MolarGasConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle).
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant
ISO80000Reference: 9-37.1
elucidation: Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle).
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579

StyleSheetLanguage
type: Class
comment: A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents.
example: CSS
elucidation: A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language

LondonPenetrationDepth
type: Class
comment: Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-38.1
elucidation: Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor.

MolarGibbsEnergy
type: Class
comment: Gibbs energy per amount of substance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.4
elucidation: Gibbs energy per amount of substance.

MeanFreePath
type: Class
comment: The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization.
comment: in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-38
elucidation: in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778

Python
type: Class

KnownConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).
example: π refers to the constant number ~3.14
elucidation: A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).

Casting
type: Class

MolarHelmholtzEnergy
type: Class
comment: Helmholtz energy per amount of substance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.3
elucidation: Helmholtz energy per amount of substance.

Ronna
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: R
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E27
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e27.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e27.

ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalAmountPerVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalAmountPerVolume'.

PerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAmount'.

PoloniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Po
comment: The symbol that stands for the polonium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the polonium atom.

ElectromagneticQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6.

MarkupLanguage
type: Class
comment: A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
example: HTML
elucidation: A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language

Nano
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: n
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-9.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-9.

AreaDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mass per unit area.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity
elucidation: Mass per unit area.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167

NeodymiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Nd
comment: The symbol that stands for the neodymium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the neodymium atom.

ThermodynamicTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point.
alternative label: Temperature
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature
ISO80000Reference: 5-1
elucidation: Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321

MassConcentrationOfWater
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain.
comment: The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-27
elucidation: Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain.

ReactorTimeConstant
type: Class
comment: Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-79
elucidation: Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially.

LanthanumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 138.90547
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 57
comment: Atom subclass for lanthanum.
elucidation: Atom subclass for lanthanum.

MeasurementUnit
type: Class
comment: A metrological reference for a physical quantity.
example: kg m/s km
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: DimensionlessUnit, DimensionalUnit
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: NonPrefixedUnit, PrefixedUnit
elucidation: A metrological reference for a physical quantity.
VIMTerm: measurement unit (VIM3 1.9)
note: "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1
note: "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf
note: Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint.
note: Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'.

StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem
type: Class
comment: Number of different microstates in a subsystem.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431
ISO80000Reference: 9-36.1
elucidation: Number of different microstates in a subsystem.

CadmiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cd
comment: The symbol that stands for the cadmium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the cadmium atom.

CapacitanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Capacitance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Capacitance'.

Gathering
type: Class
comment: A mixed tiling in which a tile is the next of spatially connected tiles.
elucidation: A mixed tiling in which a tile is the next of spatially connected tiles.

Sign
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process.
example: A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Index or Conventional or Icon
elucidation: An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process.
note: A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part.
note: According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition

UraniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 238.02891
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 92
comment: Atom subclass for uranium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for uranium.

Magnetization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-24
elucidation: At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.

GenericPhysicalSystem
type: Class
comment: A causal system possessing bonding that can not be represented by a simple Feynman diagram.
comment: A generic physical system is everything which is more complex than a scattering interaction, or a decay/annihilation event, which are represented by a single Feynman diagram.
conceptualisation: A generic physical system is everything which is more complex than a scattering interaction, or a decay/annihilation event, which are represented by a single Feynman diagram.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: InteractingSystem, ParticlesSystem
elucidation: A causal system possessing bonding that can not be represented by a simple Feynman diagram.

PhysicsBasedModel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
is defined by: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
elucidation: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.

Axiom
annotated property: isDefinedBy
annotated target: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”

Circle
type: Class
comment: Self-connected one-manyfold.
elucidation: Self-connected one-manyfold.

MeitneriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mt
comment: The symbol that stands for the meitnerium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the meitnerium atom.

HallCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-19
elucidation: The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor.

PhysicalParticleByBond
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of physical particles by whether they are bonded.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: BondedParticle, ElementaryParticle
elucidation: Categorisation of physical particles by whether they are bonded.

SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure
type: Class
comment: Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.4
elucidation: Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure.

AreicSpeedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreicSpeed'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreicSpeed'.

LengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Length'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Length'.

VolumeFlowRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-
alternative label: VolumetricFlowRate
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-31
elucidation: Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate

CarrierLifetime
type: Class
comment: Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374
ISO80000Reference: 12-32.2
elucidation: Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors

RadiantEnergy
type: Class
comment: Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526
ISO80000Reference: 10-45
elucidation: Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.

BromineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 79.904
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 35
comment: Atom subclass for bromine.
elucidation: Atom subclass for bromine.

BerylliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Be
comment: The symbol that stands for the beryllium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the beryllium atom.

CaliforniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 251.07959
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 98
comment: Atom subclass for californium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for californium.

Maximal
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole are not proper part of an entity of that type.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole are not proper part of an entity of that type.
note: A maximal class M (subclass of Maximal) is defined by choosing a reference type φ so that M is subclass of φ, all parts of x are needed to keep φ(x) and if you add something to x, then x is no more a φ.

LarmonAngularFrequency
type: Class
comment: Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field.
ISO80000Reference: 10-15.1
elucidation: Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field.

ComputerScience
type: Class
comment: A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science.
elucidation: A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science.
note: A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption.

MagneticFieldStrength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H.
alternative label: MagnetizingFieldStrength
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-25
elucidation: Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683

SpecificHeatCapacity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Heat capacity divided by mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.1
elucidation: Heat capacity divided by mass.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800

Convergent
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is part of the other.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is part of the other.

Illuminance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance
elucidation: The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941

GalliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ga
comment: The symbol that stands for the gallium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the gallium atom.

KinematicViscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-25
elucidation: Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395

CentiPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "centi" (0.01).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "centi" (0.01).

Geometrical
type: Class
comment: A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept.
example: A geometrical object can be expressed in many different forms. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings.
elucidation: A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept.

Boson
type: Class
comment: A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
elucidation: A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Boson
etymology: 1940s: named after S.N. Bose.

Gradient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: ∇

PlasticModeling
type: Class

MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-87
elucidation: For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R

MoscoviumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 289.194
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 115
comment: Atom subclass for moscovium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for moscovium.

DubniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 268.126
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 105
comment: Atom subclass for dubnium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for dubnium.

VoltagePhasor
type: Class
comment: Complex representation of an oscillating voltage.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605
ISO80000Reference: 6-50
elucidation: Complex representation of an oscillating voltage.

DisplacementCurrent
type: Class
comment: Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-19.1
elucidation: Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S.

StaticFrictionCoefficient
type: Class
alternative label: CoefficientOfStaticFriction
alternative label: StaticFrictionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.1

SeebeckCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448
ISO80000Reference: 12-21
elucidation: Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature.

Property
type: Class
comment: A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction.
example: Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test.
example: The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors.
elucidation: A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction.
note: A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Property
etymology: From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”).

SemioticEntity
type: Class
comment: The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Interpreter or SemioticObject or Sign
elucidation: The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process.
note: Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'

BerylliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 9.0121831
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 4
comment: Atom subclass for beryllium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for beryllium.

TotalIonization
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787
ISO80000Reference: 10-59
elucidation: Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge.

IridiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ir
comment: The symbol that stands for the iridium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the iridium atom.

SparkErosion
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
alternative label: elektrochemisches Abtragen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
see also: DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02

UnintentionalAgency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process that does not have an active participation of an intentional agent driving it.
elucidation: A process that does not have an active participation of an intentional agent driving it.

ChlorineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 35.45
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 17
comment: Atom subclass for chlorine.
elucidation: Atom subclass for chlorine.

BeginTask
type: Class
comment: An initial task of a workflow.
elucidation: An initial task of a workflow.
note: There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.

SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
type: Class
comment: Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-35.3
elucidation: Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.

HolisticArrangement
type: Class
comment: A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.
elucidation: A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.

PhysicalConstant
type: Class
comment: Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: MeasuredConstant, ExactConstant
elucidation: Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants

StateOfMatter
type: Class
comment: A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Disjoint Union Of: Gas, Plasma, Liquid, Solid
elucidation: A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist.
note: In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

AngularWavenumber
type: Class
comment: Magnitude of the wave vector.
alternative label: AngularRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-22
elucidation: Magnitude of the wave vector.

JosephsonConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum.
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant
elucidation: Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum.

PureNumberQuantity
type: Class
comment: A pure number, typically the number of something.
comment: According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one.
example: 1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
elucidation: A pure number, typically the number of something.

IntentionalAgency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process occurring with the active participation of an intentional agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).
alternative label: IntentionalProcess
alternative label: Project
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasAgent some IntentionalAgent
elucidation: A process occurring with the active participation of an intentional agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).
note: The concept is not restricted to agencies where the agent accomplish its intention. For example, breaking a vase while reaching for a book is an intentional agency, because the action causing the vase to fall and break follows a volition (i.e., an act of willing). Intentional agency may be further categorised acccording to the fact that the some of the resulting processes may or may not be coherent with the volition.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: IntentionalProcess
etymology: From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out")

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: IntentionalAgency
etymology: From Latin agēns (present participle of agere (“to act”))

MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
type: Class
comment: Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter.
comment: The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-29
elucidation: Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter.

Redundant
type: Class
comment: Redundant(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have parts of the same type of the whole.
alternative label: NonMaximal
example: A sufficently large volume of liquid water has parts of the same type.
example: An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental.
definition: Redundant(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have parts of the same type of the whole.

Axiom
annotated target: Redundant(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]

Pressing
type: Class
comment: A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
alternative label: Anpressen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
see also: DIN 8593-3:2003-09

MercuryAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 200.592
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 80
comment: Atom subclass for mercury.
elucidation: Atom subclass for mercury.

Substance
type: Class
comment: A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space).
OWLRL2DLAxioms: Disjoint Union Of: MesoscopicSubstance, ContinuumSubstance
elucidation: A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space).

VolumePerAmountTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmountTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmountTime'.

SpatialSequence
type: Class
comment: A monodimensional arrangement of tiles.
alternative label: Sequence
elucidation: A monodimensional arrangement of tiles.

ThalliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 204.38
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 81
comment: Atom subclass for thallium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for thallium.

AngularVelocity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity
ISO80000Reference: 3-12
elucidation: Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity

CatalyticActivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity
elucidation: Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881

ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A symbolic construct that stands for a chemical.
example: H2O
elucidation: A symbolic construct that stands for a chemical.

CopperSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cu
comment: The symbol that stands for the copper atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the copper atom.

CyclotronAngularFrequency
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211
ISO80000Reference: 10-16
elucidation: Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass.

RelativeVolumeStrain
type: Class
comment: Quotient of change of volume and original volume.
alternative label: BulkStrain
alternative label: VolumeStrain
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.4
elucidation: Quotient of change of volume and original volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648

SquareTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperature'.

Meson
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: PseudoscalarMeson or VectorMeson or ScalarMeson or PseudovectorMeson or TensorMeson
elucidation: Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
note: Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson

StandardChemicalPotential
type: Class
comment: The value of the chemical potential under specified standard conditions (in the standard state).
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468
ISO80000Reference: 9-21
elucidation: The value of the chemical potential under specified standard conditions (in the standard state).
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908

MechanicalQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4.

DiscreteData
type: Class
comment: Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
example: A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands.
elucidation: Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
note: A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean that the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules.

TokenData
type: Class

PowerAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerArea'.

StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent
type: Class
comment: For solvent A, standard absolute activity of the pure substance A at the same temperature and at a standard pressure.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185
ISO80000Reference: 9-27.3
elucidation: For solvent A, standard absolute activity of the pure substance A at the same temperature and at a standard pressure.

CondensedFormula
type: Class
example: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number, together with simple information about the connectivity of its groups by using parenthesis or by goruping element names according to its molecular structure.

Machining
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.
alternative label: RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece
elucidation: A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.

SodiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Na
comment: The symbol that stands for the sodium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the sodium atom.

QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy'.

ZirconiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 91.224
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 40
comment: Atom subclass for zirconium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for zirconium.

MigrationLength
type: Class
comment: Square root of the migration area, M^2.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318
ISO80000Reference: 10-73.3
elucidation: Square root of the migration area, M^2.

Manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.
elucidation: A fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.

CeramicSintering
type: Class

MassStoppingPowerUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassStoppingPower'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassStoppingPower'.

Organisation
type: Class
comment: An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.
see also: ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives
elucidation: An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives

RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
type: Class
comment: For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour.
comment: Ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat.

IodineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: I
comment: The symbol that stands for the iodine atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the iodine atom.

RoentgeniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rg
comment: The symbol that stands for the roentgenium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the roentgenium atom.

ExposureRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Time derivative of exposure.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-89
elucidation: Time derivative of exposure.

IntentionalAgent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
elucidation: An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
note: Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation.

TotalCurrentDensity
type: Class
comment: Sum of electric current density and displacement current density.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-20
elucidation: Sum of electric current density and displacement current density.

ElementaryPhoton
type: Class
comment: A boson with spin of 1 that carries electromagnetism.
elucidation: A boson with spin of 1 that carries electromagnetism.

TelluriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 127.6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 52
comment: Atom subclass for tellurium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for tellurium.

NobeliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: No
comment: The symbol that stands for the nobelium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the nobelium atom.

Diameter
type: Class
comment: maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre.
comment: The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.5
elucidation: maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter

Drilling
type: Class
comment: machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
alternative label: Bohren

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
see also: DIN 8589-2:2003-09

Activity
type: Class
comment: Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-27
elucidation: Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval.
iupacReference: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114

CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12.

LossAngle
type: Class
comment: Arctan of the loss factor
qudtReference: https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-55
elucidation: Arctan of the loss factor

LinearEnergyTransfer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-85
elucidation: Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550

FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing
type: Class

FractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure
comment: Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed.
alternative label: RatioUnit
elucidation: Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed.

Magnetizing
type: Class

AntimonyAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 121.76
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 51
comment: Atom subclass for antimony.
elucidation: Atom subclass for antimony.

InternalConversionFactor
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay.
alternative label: InternalConversionCoefficient
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-35
elucidation: Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay.

LossFactor
type: Class
comment: Inverse of the quality factor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728
ISO80000Reference: 6-54
elucidation: Inverse of the quality factor.

MassieuFunction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-22
elucidation: Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature.

FranciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fr
comment: The symbol that stands for the francium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the francium atom.

ResourceIdentifier
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource.
elucidation: A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource.

Tortuosity
type: Class
comment: Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683
elucidation: Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media.

SolidGasSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase.
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase.

PromethiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pm
comment: The symbol that stands for the promethium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the promethium atom.

OrdinalQuantity
type: Class
comment: "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
comment: "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
example: Hardness Resilience
elucidation: "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
VIMTerm: ordinal quantity

Irradiate
type: Class

HardeningByDrawing
type: Class

LaserCutting
type: Class

AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerVolumeTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerVolumeTime'.

Visual
type: Class
comment: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
example: A cloud. A picture. A colour gradient on a wall. A stain. A mail.
elucidation: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

CausalStructure
type: Class
comment: The class of individuals representing causally self-connected world entities.
comment: The disjoint union of Causal Path and CausalSystem classes.
comment: The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
conceptualisation: The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
definition: The disjoint union of Causal Path and CausalSystem classes.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: CausalPath or CausalSystem
elucidation: The class of individuals representing causally self-connected world entities.
note: A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalStructure
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”).

CeramicMaterial
type: Class

DisplacementVector
type: Class
comment: In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558
ISO80000Reference: 12-7.3
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position.

HardeningByForging
type: Class

DataByDiscretness
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of data by whether it is descrete or not.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: AnalogData or DiscreteData
elucidation: Categorisation of data by whether it is descrete or not.

PrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
comment: A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol.
elucidation: A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol.

NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z).
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226
ISO80000Reference: 10-18
elucidation: z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z).

CouplingFactor
type: Class
comment: Ratio of the absolute value of the mutual permeance related to two circuit elements to the geometric average of their self-permeances.
alternative label: InductiveCouplingFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-42.1
elucidation: Ratio of the absolute value of the mutual permeance related to two circuit elements to the geometric average of their self-permeances.

FunctionalIcon
type: Class
comment: An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure.
example: A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics).
example: A guinea pig.
elucidation: An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure.
note: An icon that focusing WHAT the object does.
note: This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: FunctionalIcon
etymology: From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”).

Dismantling
type: Class
alternative label: Demontage
note: action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage

Axiom
annotated target: action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage
see also: DIN EN 9110:2018-08

TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerSquareTime'.

Graphical
type: Class
comment: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration results from an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
example: 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ...
elucidation: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration results from an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
note: This concept includes only things that are purposely created by an agent.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Graphical
etymology: From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve.
note: The term graphical is used in etymological sense, comprising both writings and visual arts.

AstatineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: At
comment: The symbol that stands for the astatine atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the astatine atom.

Soldering
type: Class
comment: Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
alternative label: Löten

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
see also: DIN 55405:2014-12

ComplexPower
type: Class
comment: Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor.
alternative label: ComplexApparentPower
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-59
elucidation: Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor.

Sawing
type: Class
comment: Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.
comment: Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
alternative label: Sägen
elucidation: Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
see also: DIN 8589-6:2003-09

Join
type: Class
comment: A tessellation in which a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles.
elucidation: A tessellation in which a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles.

Calendering
type: Class

RubidiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 85.4678
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 37
comment: Atom subclass for rubidium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for rubidium.

PowerUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Power'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Power'.

CommandLanguage
type: Class
comment: An interpreted computer language for job control in computing.
example: Unix shell. Batch programming languages.
elucidation: An interpreted computer language for job control in computing.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language

Spin
type: Class
comment: Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-10
elucidation: Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system.

ModulusOfRigidity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
alternative label: ShearModulus
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-19.2
elucidation: Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635

VolumicCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section.
alternative label: MacroscopicCrossSection
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520
ISO80000Reference: 10-42.1
elucidation: In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674

CuriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cm
comment: The symbol that stands for the curium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the curium atom.

ElectricCurrent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A flow of electric charge.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent
ISO80000Reference: 6-1
elucidation: A flow of electric charge.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927

Extrusion
type: Class

EnergyFluence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-46
elucidation: In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area.

HafniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hf
comment: The symbol that stands for the hafnium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the hafnium atom.

ProcedureUnit
type: Class
comment: A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure.
alternative label: MeasurementProcedure
example: Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)
elucidation: A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure.
note: Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint.

ThermalCutting
type: Class
alternative label: Thermisches Abtragen
note: Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN

Axiom
annotated target: Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN
see also: DIN 65099-4:1989-11

ReciprocalVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Physical quantity for measuring per volume.
elucidation: Physical quantity for measuring per volume.

ElectricMobilityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricMobility'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricMobility'.

IntermidiateTile
type: Class
comment: A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation.
elucidation: A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation.

NickelAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 58.6934
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 28
comment: Atom subclass for nickel.
elucidation: Atom subclass for nickel.

ElectricDipoleMomentUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDipoleMoment'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDipoleMoment'.

PalladiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 106.42
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 46
comment: Atom subclass for palladium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for palladium.

MassFractionOfWater
type: Class
comment: Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-31
elucidation: Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter.

ElementaryBoson
type: Class
comment: An elementary particle of a fundamental bosonic type.
elucidation: An elementary particle of a fundamental bosonic type.

Yotta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Y
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E24
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e24.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e24.

FastFissionFactor
type: Class
comment: In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493
ISO80000Reference: 10-75
elucidation: In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.

VolumicTotalCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms.
alternative label: MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548
ISO80000Reference: 10-42.2
elucidation: Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms.

ForceAreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ForceArea'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ForceArea'.

StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance
type: Class
comment: For substance B, an integer number or a simple fraction, being negative for a reactant and positive for a product, occurring in the expression for a chemical reaction.
example: The factors 1/2 and 3/2 in the chemical reaction formula below are stoicheiometric mumbers of substance. (1/2)N2 + (3/2)H2 = NH3
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-29
elucidation: For substance B, an integer number or a simple fraction, being negative for a reactant and positive for a product, occurring in the expression for a chemical reaction.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025

ChemicalSpecies
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: Following nominalistic approach a species is simply a name that can point to an element name, a chemical formula or a chemical compound. So everything addressed by these classes of names can be calleded a chemical species.
comment: N2 Methane CH4 Fe Sodium Chloride
comment: Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
elucidation: Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.CT06859

DimensionalUnit
type: Class
comment: A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit.
elucidation: A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit.
note: The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units).

DataProcessingApplication
type: Class

ElectronCharge
type: Class
comment: The charge of an electron.
comment: The negative of ElementaryCharge.
definition: The charge of an electron.
elucidation: The negative of ElementaryCharge.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982

MultiplicationFactor
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471
ISO80000Reference: 10-78.1
elucidation: Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration.

Document
type: Class
comment: A heterogeneous object made of different graphical object parts.
elucidation: A heterogeneous object made of different graphical object parts.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Document
etymology: From Latin documentum, from the verb doceō (“teach”) +‎ -mentum.

Length
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Extend of a spatial dimension.
comment: Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.1
elucidation: Extend of a spatial dimension.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498

GFactor
type: Class
comment: Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266
elucidation: Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment.

SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMass'.

MolarEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Entropy per amount of substance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876
ISO80000Reference: 9-8
elucidation: Entropy per amount of substance.

LengthFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths.
example: Unit for plane angle.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths.

ElectricConductivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity.
comment: Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
alternative label: Conductivity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291
ISO80000Reference: 6-43
elucidation: Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245

CatalyticActivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'CatalyticActivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'CatalyticActivity'.

RutherfordiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rf
comment: The symbol that stands for the rutherfordium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the rutherfordium atom.

AreaTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTemperature'.

Constituent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An object which is a spatial part of another object.
alternative label: ObjectPart
example: A tire is a constituent of a car.
elucidation: An object which is a spatial part of another object.

MoscoviumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mc
comment: The symbol that stands for the moscovium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the moscovium atom.

ParticipantByAgency
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of participant in terms of being an agent or not an agent.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Agent or NonAgent
elucidation: Categorisation of participant in terms of being an agent or not an agent.

NonPositiveIntegerData
type: Class
comment: A data representing an integer number <= 0.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:nonPositiveInteger
elucidation: A data representing an integer number <= 0.

TelluriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Te
comment: The symbol that stands for the tellurium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the tellurium atom.

ProcessParameter
type: Class
comment: A parameter that describes a process
note: consider promoting to EMMO top or middle
elucidation: A parameter that describes a process

SeleniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Se
comment: The symbol that stands for the selenium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the selenium atom.

DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
type: Class
comment: Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-82
elucidation: Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent.

ThermalResistanceUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistance'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistance'.

OganessonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 294.214
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 118
comment: Atom subclass for oganesson.
elucidation: Atom subclass for oganesson.

ModelledProperty
type: Class
comment: A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure.
elucidation: A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure.

LengthTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTemperature'.

DrawForms
type: Class

SquareLengthPerVoltageTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareLengthPerVoltageTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareLengthPerVoltageTime'.

RadonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rn
comment: The symbol that stands for the radon atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the radon atom.

StandaloneModelSimulation
type: Class
comment: A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved.
elucidation: A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved.

Stress
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Force per unit oriented surface area .
comment: Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress
ISO80000Reference: 4-15
elucidation: Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other.

Parameter
type: Class
comment: A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation.
example: Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation

RelativeMassDefect
type: Class
comment: Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718
ISO80000Reference: 10-22.2
elucidation: Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant.

InversePermittivityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'InversePermittivity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'InversePermittivity'.

CASRN
type: Class
comment: Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society
example: Water is 7732-18-5
elucidation: Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society

BerkeliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 247.07031
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 97
comment: Atom subclass for berkelium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for berkelium.

Exposure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-88
elucidation: Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air.

PorcelainOrCeramicCasting
type: Class

ChemicalSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A symbol that stands for a chemical element.
example: "H" "He" "Li" ...
elucidation: A symbol that stands for a chemical element.

MaximumBetaParticleEnergy
type: Class
comment: Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038
ISO80000Reference: 10-33
elucidation: Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process.

StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolution
type: Class
comment: Property of a solute in a solution.
alternative label: StandardAbsoluteActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936
ISO80000Reference: 9-26
elucidation: Property of a solute in a solution.

Riveting
type: Class

NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
type: Class
comment: Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075
ISO80000Reference: 10-74.2
elucidation: Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.

MetricPrefixedUnit
type: Class
comment: A special unit with a metric prefix.
comment: The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system.
elucidation: A special unit with a metric prefix.

DecimalData
type: Class
comment: A data representing an arbitrary precision decimal number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:decimal
elucidation: A data representing an arbitrary precision decimal number.

ForcePerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ForcePerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ForcePerLength'.

KermaRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Time derivative of kerma.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-86.2
elucidation: Time derivative of kerma.

JunctionTile
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts.
elucidation: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts.

Curvature
type: Class
comment: Inverse of the radius of curvature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature
ISO80000Reference: 3-2
elucidation: Inverse of the radius of curvature.

GasSolidSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase.
example: Dust, sand storm.
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase.

Time
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space.
comment: The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
comment: Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read".
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time
definition: One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space.
ISO80000Reference: 3-7
elucidation: The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375

ComptonWavelength
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377
ISO80000Reference: 10-20
elucidation: Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength

Assignment
type: Class
comment: A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator.
example: The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge.
elucidation: A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator.

ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolume'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolume'.

AmountConcentration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
alternative label: Concentration
alternative label: MolarConcentration
alternative label: Molarity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB
elucidation: The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295

ElectricCurrentUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrent'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrent'.

Cutting
type: Class
comment: Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
alternative label: Schneiden

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
see also: DIN 8588:2013-08

BariumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ba
comment: The symbol that stands for the barium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the barium atom.

AssemblyLine
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.
comment: Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed.
elucidation: A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.

MeanLinearRange
type: Class
comment: Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589
ISO80000Reference: 10-56
elucidation: Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782

LiquidFoam
type: Class
comment: A foam of trapped gas in a liquid.
elucidation: A foam of trapped gas in a liquid.

FiberboardManufacturing
type: Class

LinearMassDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mass per length.
alternative label: LinearDensity
alternative label: LineicMass
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-6
elucidation: Mass per length.

FormingFromLiquid
type: Class

InChI
type: Class
comment: The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.
elucidation: The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.

RadialDistance
type: Class
comment: Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.9
elucidation: Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface.

Icon
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
alternative label: Model
alternative label: Simulacrum
example: A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person.
example: An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: AnalogicalIcon or ResemblanceIcon or FunctionalIcon
elucidation: A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
note: If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747.
note: In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Model
etymology: From Latin modus (“measure”).

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Simulacrum
etymology: From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance")

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Icon
etymology: From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).

Axiom
annotated target: In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]

Sphere
type: Class
comment: A standard 2-manifold with no unconnected boundaries.
elucidation: A standard 2-manifold with no unconnected boundaries.

Peta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: P
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E15
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e15.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e15.

PotassiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 39.0983
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 19
comment: Atom subclass for potassium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for potassium.

FineStructureConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389

ThermalResistance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance.
comment: Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-12
elucidation: Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate.

ReactivePower
type: Class
comment: Imaginary part of the complex power.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-60
elucidation: Imaginary part of the complex power.

CanonicalPartitionFunction
type: Class
comment: Sum over quantum states of energy in a system in equilibrium.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.2
elucidation: Sum over quantum states of energy in a system in equilibrium.
note: In physics, a partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Partition functions are functions of the thermodynamic state variables, such as the temperature and volume. Most of the aggregate thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the total energy, free energy, entropy, and pressure, can be expressed in terms of the partition function or its derivatives. The partition function is dimensionless.

ConventionalProperty
type: Class
comment: A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption.
comment: A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.
example: The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes.
elucidation: A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.

Language
type: Class
comment: A language object is a discrete data entity respecting specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).
elucidation: A language object is a discrete data entity respecting specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Language
etymology: From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”).

QuantityBySubjectivity
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of quantities by whether they can be obtained fully objectively or not.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: ObjectiveProperty or SubjectiveProperty
elucidation: Categorisation of quantities by whether they can be obtained fully objectively or not.

Status
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An object which is a temporal part of a process.
alternative label: State
example: A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing.
elucidation: An object which is a temporal part of a process.

VectorData
type: Class
comment: The datatype for monodimensional arrays.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some ScalarData
elucidation: The datatype for monodimensional arrays.

IonTransportNumber
type: Class
comment: Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species.
alternative label: CurrentFraction
alternative label: TransferrenceNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854
ISO80000Reference: 9-46
elucidation: Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489

BurgersVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093
ISO80000Reference: 12-6
elucidation: Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice.

NewtonianConstantOfGravity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation
elucidation: Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695

ZettaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E21
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "zetta" (1e21).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "zetta" (1e21).

Quetta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Q
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E30
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e30.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e30.

Assigned
type: Class

HeatTreatment
type: Class
alternative label: wärmebehandeln
note: Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.

Axiom
annotated target: Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.
see also: DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12

ThermodynamicalQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5.

SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperaturePerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperaturePerTime'.

IonAtom
type: Class
comment: A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number.
comment: The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,
elucidation: A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number.

BaseUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units.
elucidation: A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units.
VIMTerm: base unit

URN
type: Class
comment: The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.
elucidation: The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.

Axiom
annotated target: The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.

NaturalLaw
type: Class
comment: A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed.
elucidation: A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed.

QuantityByPhysicalNature
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of quantities by their physical nature.
hidden label: QuantityByPhysical
elucidation: Categorisation of quantities by their physical nature.

TantalumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 180.94788
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 73
comment: Atom subclass for tantalum.
elucidation: Atom subclass for tantalum.

Peening
type: Class
alternative label: ShotPeening
alternative label: Verfestigungsstrahlen
note: (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)

Axiom
annotated target: (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)
see also: DIN 65099-7:1989-11

GrueneisenParamter
type: Class
comment: Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656
ISO80000Reference: 12-14
elucidation: Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.

Cementing
type: Class

ChargeNumber
type: Class
comment: For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e.
comment: The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−.
comment: The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero.
alternative label: IonizationNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number
ISO80000Reference: 10-5.2
elucidation: For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993

MassNumber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.
alternative label: AtomicMassNumber
alternative label: NucleonNumber
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber
elucidation: Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.

UnsignedShortData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 16-bit non-negative integer number, 0...65535.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedShort
elucidation: A data representing 16-bit non-negative integer number, 0...65535.

Gustatory
type: Class

NuclearRadius
type: Class
comment: Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676
ISO80000Reference: 10-19.1
elucidation: Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,

ObjectiveProperty
type: Class
comment: A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure.
comment: Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling).
alternative label: PhysicalProperty
alternative label: QuantitativeProperty
elucidation: A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure.
note: The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.

WorkpieceForming
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
alternative label: ArchetypeForming
alternative label: PrimitiveForming

ScalarData
type: Class
comment: A symbolic data that is not array data.
elucidation: A symbolic data that is not array data.
note: Scalar data are primitive symbolic data that are not built up of other types of symbolic data.

AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042
ISO80000Reference: 10-60
elucidation: Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle.

MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerSquareLengthSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerSquareLengthSquareTime'.

RhodiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rh
comment: The symbol that stands for the rhodium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the rhodium atom.

IterativeWorkflow
type: Class
comment: A workflow whose steps are the repetition of the same task type.
elucidation: A workflow whose steps are the repetition of the same task type.

VacuumMagneticPermeability
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
comment: The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.
alternative label: PermeabilityOfVacuum
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum
ISO80000Reference: 6-26.1
elucidation: The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.

Rate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of a quantity by a duration.
example: Activity Specific absorption rate (SAR) Rate of rise Sampling rate Modulation rate Fading rate Rain rate
IEVReference: 112-03-18
elucidation: Quotient of a quantity by a duration.

TotalAngularMomentum
type: Class
comment: Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506
ISO80000Reference: 10-11
elucidation: Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s.

SodiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 22.98976928
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 11
comment: Atom subclass for sodium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for sodium.

EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity'.

Neutron
type: Class
comment: An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
elucidation: An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume.
comment: The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume.

ChemicalSubstance
type: Class
comment: A substance is always composed of more than one molecular entity. It lays in the continuum or mesoscopic domain.
comment: Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of.
elucidation: Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01039

PeltierCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003
ISO80000Reference: 12-22
elucidation: Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.

RotationalDisplacement
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation.
alternative label: AngularDisplacement
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038
ISO80000Reference: 3-6
elucidation: Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement

HolmiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ho
comment: The symbol that stands for the holmium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the holmium atom.

Homonuclear
type: Class
comment: A molecule composed of only one element type.
alternative label: ElementalMolecule
example: Hydrogen molecule (H₂).
elucidation: A molecule composed of only one element type.

Persistence
type: Class
comment: The union of the object or process classes.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: Process or Object
elucidation: The union of the object or process classes.
note: The persistence perspective classifies entities according to the persistence of temporal parts of specifc type, introducing the distiction between objects (when a type is conserved through all its time parts) or processes (where a type is not conserved through all its time parts). This perspective provides classes aimed to represent concepts similar to the ones of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). However, in the EMMO case, an entity is defined as an object or a process according to a specific type, and not per-se. For this reason an entity in the EMMO can be classified both object or a process depending on the reference type, due to the underlying 4D framework (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely representational. This categorisation has been introduced due to the large use of object/process commonsensical concepts, and the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist.

Deca
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: da
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
comment: SI prefix who's value is 10.
alternative label: Deka
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 10.

Wavenumber
type: Class
comment: Reciprocal of the wavelength.
alternative label: Repetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber
ISO80000Reference: 3-18
elucidation: Reciprocal of the wavelength.
note: The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664

GasLiquidSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase.
example: Rain, spray.
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase.

Permeance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Inverse of the reluctance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-40
elucidation: Inverse of the reluctance.

Olfactory
type: Class

SpatioTemporalTessellation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The superclass for all tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
alternative label: WellFormedTessellation
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: MixedTiling or SpatialTiling or TemporalTiling
elucidation: The superclass for all tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.

ElectricResistivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Electric field strength divided by the current density.
alternative label: Resistivity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-44
elucidation: Electric field strength divided by the current density.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316

SpecificGibbsEnergy
type: Class
comment: Gibbs energy per unit mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.5
elucidation: Gibbs energy per unit mass.

NanoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "nano" (1e-9).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "nano" (1e-9).

DysprosiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 162.5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 66
comment: Atom subclass for dysprosium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for dysprosium.

CentrifugalCasting
type: Class

SpecificEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy per unit mass
alternative label: GravimetricEnergyDensity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.1
elucidation: Energy per unit mass
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy
newareLabel: CmpEng(mWh/g)

FlameCutting
type: Class

PlasmaCutting
type: Class

ChemicalCompound
type: Class
comment: A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
elucidation: A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound

LuminousFlux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Perceived power of light.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux
ISO80000Reference: 7-13
elucidation: Perceived power of light.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646

ExtentOfReaction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046
ISO80000Reference: 9-31
elucidation: Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283

MassFluxUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassFlux'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MassFlux'.

GibbsEnergy
type: Class
comment: Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems.
alternative label: GibbsFreeEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-20.5
elucidation: Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629

Acceleration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Derivative of velocity with respect to time.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration
ISO80000Reference: 3-9.1
elucidation: Derivative of velocity with respect to time.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051

HafniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 178.49
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 72
comment: Atom subclass for hafnium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for hafnium.

ThermodynamicEfficiency
type: Class
comment: Performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, expressed as the ratio of work done over thermal energy used.
alternative label: ThermalEfficiency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104
ISO80000Reference: 5-25.1
elucidation: Performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, expressed as the ratio of work done over thermal energy used.

TerbiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 158.92535
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 65
comment: Atom subclass for terbium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for terbium.

Dust
type: Class
comment: A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere.
elucidation: A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere.

IlluminanceTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'IlluminanceTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'IlluminanceTime'.

RadiantFlux
type: Class
comment: The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux
elucidation: The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046

AngularWaveNumber
type: Class
comment: In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant.
alternative label: AngularRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089
ISO80000Reference: 12-9.1
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant.

MolybdenumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mo
comment: The symbol that stands for the molybdenum atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the molybdenum atom.

Width
type: Class
comment: Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal.
comment: The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness.
alternative label: Breadth
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.2
elucidation: Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal.

SizeDefinedMaterial
type: Class

AmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Amount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Amount'.

MaterialRelation
type: Class
comment: A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities.
comment: An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).
example: The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian.
elucidation: An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).

SectionAreaIntegralUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SectionAreaIntegral'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SectionAreaIntegral'.

Equation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables.
comment: The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.
example: 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y
elucidation: The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.

PlatinumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pt
comment: The symbol that stands for the platinum atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the platinum atom.

MagneticSusceptibility
type: Class
comment: Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-28
elucidation: Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J.

OganessonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Og
comment: The symbol that stands for the oganesson atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the oganesson atom.

ExchangeIntegral
type: Class
comment: constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959
ISO80000Reference: 12-34
elucidation: constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions

ElectricChargePerAmountUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerAmount'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerAmount'.

GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron
type: Class
comment: Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron.
alternative label: GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron
alternative label: MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076
ISO80000Reference: 10-12.2
elucidation: Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron.

ElectronRadius
type: Class
comment: Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581
ISO80000Reference: 10-19.2
elucidation: Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly.

MagneticFieldStrengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFieldStrength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFieldStrength'.

ElectrolyticConductivity
type: Class
comment: Electric conductivity of an electrolyte.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-44
elucidation: Electric conductivity of an electrolyte.
bpxKey: ['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Conductivity [S.m-1]']
cidemodKey: ['electrolyte','ionic_conductivity','value']

ShortRangeOrderParameter
type: Class
comment: fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.1
elucidation: fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction

MagnetomotiveForce
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.3
elucidation: Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.

ComputerSystem
type: Class
comment: Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
alternative label: Computer
elucidation: Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

YottaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E24
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "yotta" (1e24).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "yotta" (1e24).

CausalSystem
type: Class
comment: A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). A causal system is always a spatial-like structure, and is represented as a multiple topologically orderable direct acyclic graph, with quanta as nodes and causality relations as edges.
comment: The class of individuals representing a causal system.
example: A electron binded by a nucleus.
conceptualisation: A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). A causal system is always a spatial-like structure, and is represented as a multiple topologically orderable direct acyclic graph, with quanta as nodes and causality relations as edges.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: DisjointUnionOf: FundamentalPhysicalSystem, GenericPhysicalSystem
elucidation: The class of individuals representing a causal system.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalSystem
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).

SpeedFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds.
example: Unit for refractive index.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds.

SolidAngle
type: Class
comment: Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle
ISO80000Reference: 3-6
elucidation: Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732

Hypothesis
type: Class
comment: A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective.
elucidation: A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective.

ParticleNumberDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mean number of particles per volume.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569
ISO80000Reference: 10-62.1
elucidation: Mean number of particles per volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262

SilverSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ag
comment: The symbol that stands for the silver atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the silver atom.

ThermalDiffusionRatio
type: Class
comment: In a steady-state of a binary mixture in which thermal diffusion occurs; proportionality factor between gradient of the amount-of-subsstance fraction of the heavier substance B, and negative gradient of the local thermodynamic temperature divided by that temperature.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433
ISO80000Reference: 9-40.1
elucidation: In a steady-state of a binary mixture in which thermal diffusion occurs; proportionality factor between gradient of the amount-of-subsstance fraction of the heavier substance B, and negative gradient of the local thermodynamic temperature divided by that temperature.

MendeleviumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 258.09843
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 101
comment: Atom subclass for mendelevium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for mendelevium.

SpecificInternalEnergy
type: Class
comment: Internal energy per unit mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.2
elucidation: Internal energy per unit mass.

ElectricResistance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'.
comment: Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material.
alternative label: Resistance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358
ISO80000Reference: 6-46
elucidation: Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936

SIAccepted
type: Class
comment: Non-SI unit that has been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
elucidation: Non-SI unit that has been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.

ArchetypeManufacturing
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: PrimitiveForming
alternative label: Urformen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.

AmountConcentrationUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConcentration'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConcentration'.

DiffusionArea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292
ISO80000Reference: 10-72.2
elucidation: One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class.

NeptuniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Np
comment: The symbol that stands for the neptunium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the neptunium atom.

Path
type: Class
disjoint with: Rationale
comment: A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
example: /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)
elucidation: A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.

Axiom
annotated target: A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention

Multiplex
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that overlaps all the oter proper parts of the same type.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that overlaps all the oter proper parts of the same type.

Kerma
type: Class
comment: Kinetic energy released per mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-86.1
elucidation: Kinetic energy released per mass.

Atto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: a
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-18.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-18.

PhysicsBasedSimulation
type: Class
comment: A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.
is defined by: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
elucidation: A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.

Axiom
annotated property: isDefinedBy
annotated target: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”

MolarMass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mass per amount of substance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623
ISO80000Reference: 9-4
elucidation: Mass per amount of substance.

TransientLiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class

ReactionEnergy
type: Class
comment: In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745
ISO80000Reference: 10-37.1
elucidation: In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.

Naming
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule.
example: A unique id attached to an entity.
elucidation: A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule.

UnsignedByteData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 8-bit non-negative integer number, 0...255.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedByte
elucidation: A data representing 8-bit non-negative integer number, 0...255.

LiquidSolidSuspension
type: Class
comment: A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase.
example: Mud
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase.

ThoriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Th
comment: The symbol that stands for the thorium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the thorium atom.

SISpecialUnit
type: Class
disjoint union of: Becquerel
disjoint union of: Coulomb
disjoint union of: DegreeCelsius
disjoint union of: Farad
disjoint union of: Gray
disjoint union of: Henry
disjoint union of: Hertz
disjoint union of: Joule
disjoint union of: Katal
disjoint union of: Lumen
disjoint union of: Lux
disjoint union of: Newton
disjoint union of: Ohm
disjoint union of: Pascal
disjoint union of: Radian
disjoint union of: Siemens
disjoint union of: Sievert
disjoint union of: Steradian
disjoint union of: Tesla
disjoint union of: Volt
disjoint union of: Watt
disjoint union of: Weber
comment: The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
elucidation: The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
note: These units are SI coherent by definition.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units

TransformationLanguage
type: Class
comment: A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal.
example: Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML
elucidation: A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language

RollingResistanceFactor
type: Class
comment: Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.3
elucidation: Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface.

FullSemiosis
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the triangle of relations is completely developed.
elucidation: A semiosis where the triangle of relations is completely developed.

Observer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition.
elucidation: A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition.

MutualInductance
type: Class
comment: Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-41.2
elucidation: Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076

Molality
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m.
alternative label: AmountPerMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-15
elucidation: quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970

ProceduralData
type: Class
comment: Data that is encoded and/or decoded by a procedural agent following a procedure.
elucidation: Data that is encoded and/or decoded by a procedural agent following a procedure.

Item
type: Class
comment: A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
comment: The class of individuals standing for quantum or causally self-connected world entities.
comment: The disjoint union of Particle and CausalStructure classes.
alternative label: CausalObject
example: A person life, an interval of a person life. The lifetime of two components, from the production in separate manufacturing lines, their being connected components in a device, including their eparation and decommissioning.
conceptualisation: A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
definition: The disjoint union of Particle and CausalStructure classes.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: CausalParticle or CausalStructure
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for quantum or causally self-connected world entities.
note: The concept of self-connectivity is applied using a 4D approach. Given that, the entity made of an electron and a proton that travel, interact, and then depart from each other is an item, since we don't focus only on the beginning or the end stage but to the overall 4D entity, being the interaction the connectivity bridge between the two particles.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: CausalObject
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Item
etymology: From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover".

QualifiedWhole
type: Class
comment: The qualified whole concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to have a part of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches. The concept of whole is then defined as something that needs a part of a specific type to exist. For example, an atom always requires a nucleus part to exist (but not viceversa)
comment: The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires to have a part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific relation with it.
alternative label: QWhole
conceptualisation: The qualified whole concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to have a part of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches. The concept of whole is then defined as something that needs a part of a specific type to exist. For example, an atom always requires a nucleus part to exist (but not viceversa)
elucidation: The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires to have a part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific relation with it.
note: Al QWhole subclasses shuld have an axiom to express the part requirements, in the form of: MyQWholeClass SubClassOf: hasProperPart some AnotherClass This is a necessary but not sufficient condition.

VonKlitzingConstant
type: Class
comment: Resistance quantum.
comment: The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant
definition: The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge.
elucidation: Resistance quantum.

Atom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus.
alternative label: ChemicalElement
elucidation: A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus.
note: An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons.

Representation
type: Class
comment: A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, temporal or spatial structure of another object, that may or may not exist.
elucidation: A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, temporal or spatial structure of another object, that may or may not exist.

MergingManufacturing
type: Class
alternative label: AddingManufacturing

LinearAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
comment: In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-49
elucidation: In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material.

ElectricFieldStrengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFieldStrength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFieldStrength'.

LightAndRadiationQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7.
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7.

Mixture
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined.
elucidation: A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined.

LinkedModelsSimulation
type: Class
comment: A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially.
elucidation: A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially.

ManufacturedMaterial
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.
alternative label: EngineeredMaterial
alternative label: ProcessedMaterial
elucidation: A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.

SurfaceMassDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA.
alternative label: AreicMass
alternative label: SurfaceDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-5
elucidation: at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167

MagneticFluxDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFluxDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFluxDensity'.

MomentumUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Momentum'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Momentum'.

Gluing
type: Class
comment: Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
alternative label: Kleben

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
see also: DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12

ChemicalRepresentation
type: Class
comment: A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.
elucidation: A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.

ReciprocalLength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The inverse of length.
alternative label: InverseLength
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength
elucidation: The inverse of length.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length

DeepDrawing
type: Class
comment: Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
alternative label: Tiefziehen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
see also: DIN EN 13831:2007-12

Attenuation
type: Class
comment: Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium.
alternative label: Extinction
ISO80000Reference: 3-26.1
elucidation: Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515

ClassicalData
type: Class
comment: Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.
elucidation: Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.

Mass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass
ISO80000Reference: 4-1
elucidation: Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709

BismuthSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bi
comment: The symbol that stands for the bismuth atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the bismuth atom.

ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerTemperature'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerTemperature'.

RoleBySpatiotemporal
type: Class
comment: The superclass for all classes that categorise roles according to that fact that they are temporal or non-temporal parts of the whole.
elucidation: The superclass for all classes that categorise roles according to that fact that they are temporal or non-temporal parts of the whole.

EndTile
type: Class
comment: A direct part that only is the target, but not the source of temporal relations.
elucidation: A direct part that only is the target, but not the source of temporal relations.

Tessellation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A causal structure that is tessellated in direct parts.
comment: A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
alternative label: Tiling
conceptualisation: A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
elucidation: A causal structure that is tessellated in direct parts.

Axiom
annotated target: A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation

DensityOfHeatFlowRate
type: Class
comment: At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures.
comment: Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat.
alternative label: AreicHeatFlowRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-8
elucidation: Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755

MolarEnthalpy
type: Class
comment: Enthalpy per amount of substance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.2
elucidation: Enthalpy per amount of substance.

TotalCrossSection
type: Class
comment: Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553
ISO80000Reference: 10-38.2
elucidation: Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity.

ElectricSusceptibility
type: Class
comment: Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-16
elucidation: Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility

NumberOfTurnsInAWinding
type: Class
comment: Number of turns in a winding.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997
ISO80000Reference: 6-38
elucidation: Number of turns in a winding.

HassiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hs
comment: The symbol that stands for the hassium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the hassium atom.

ModulusOfImpedance
type: Class
comment: Quotient of the rms value of the voltage between the terminals of a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the electric current in the element or circuit.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.4
elucidation: Quotient of the rms value of the voltage between the terminals of a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the electric current in the element or circuit.

Computation
type: Class
comment: A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
example: A mathematician that calculates 2+2. A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset.
elucidation: A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Computation
etymology: From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”).

MaterialByStructure
type: Class

VanadiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 50.9415
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 23
comment: Atom subclass for vanadium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for vanadium.

SparkPlasmaSintering
type: Class

NeelTemperature
type: Class
comment: Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-35.2
elucidation: Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.

IonizationEnergy
type: Class
comment: Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-24.2
elucidation: Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199

NiobiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Nb
comment: The symbol that stands for the niobium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the niobium atom.

DataByNumerical
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of data by whether it is numerical or not.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: NumericalData or NonNumericalData
elucidation: Categorisation of data by whether it is numerical or not.

CrystallineMaterial
type: Class
comment: Suggestion of Rickard Armiento

NonAgent
type: Class
comment: A participant that does not have an active role in driving the process.
elucidation: A participant that does not have an active role in driving the process.

AmericiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Am
comment: The symbol that stands for the americium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the americium atom.

AntiMatter
type: Class
comment: Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter.
elucidation: Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter.
note: This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities.

SpecificEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of entropy and mass.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705
ISO80000Reference: 5-19
elucidation: Quotient of entropy and mass.

NumberOfElements
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic.
comment: Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level.
elucidation: Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic.

MaterialLaw
type: Class
comment: A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object.
elucidation: A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object.

Volume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Extent of an object in space.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume
ISO80000Reference: 3-4
elucidation: Extent of an object in space.

SpecificGasConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the Boltzmann constant and the mass m.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268
ISO80000Reference: 5-26
elucidation: Quotient of the Boltzmann constant and the mass m.

GravityCasting
type: Class

UnsignedLongData
type: Class
comment: A data representing 64-bit non-negative integer number, 0...18446744073709551615.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedLong
elucidation: A data representing 64-bit non-negative integer number, 0...18446744073709551615.

LawrenciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Lr
comment: The symbol that stands for the lawrencium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the lawrencium atom.

Assigner
type: Class
comment: A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object.
example: I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H.
elucidation: A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object.

SquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTime'.

SIExactConstant
type: Class
comment: Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units.
elucidation: Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units.

LivermoriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 293.204
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 116
comment: Atom subclass for livermorium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for livermorium.

MeasuringInstrument
type: Class
comment: A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system.
comment: Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. -- VIM
elucidation: Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. -- VIM
VIMTerm: measuring instrument

InternationalSystemOfQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities declared under the ISO 80000.
elucidation: Quantities declared under the ISO 80000.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities

Angle
type: Class
comment: Ratio of circular arc length to radius.
alternative label: PlaneAngle
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle
ISO80000Reference: 3-5
elucidation: Ratio of circular arc length to radius.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346

ShellScript
type: Class
comment: A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell.
elucidation: A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script

AngularFrequency
type: Class
comment: Rate of change of the phase angle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency
ISO80000Reference: 3-18
elucidation: Rate of change of the phase angle.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352

DegreeOfDissociation
type: Class
comment: Dissociation may occur stepwise.
comment: Ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events.
alternative label: DissociationFraction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-43
elucidation: Ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566

ZincAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 65.38
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 30
comment: Atom subclass for zinc.
elucidation: Atom subclass for zinc.

SquareTimePerMassUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTimePerMass'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTimePerMass'.

ElectricFieldStrength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-10
elucidation: Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle.

ProcessByAgency
type: Class
comment: Categorisation of processes by whether they are driven by an agent or not.
elucidation: Categorisation of processes by whether they are driven by an agent or not.

Planing
type: Class
comment: Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
alternative label: Hobeln

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
see also: DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03

YoctoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-24
comment: Superclass for all units prefixed with "yocto" (1e-24).
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "yocto" (1e-24).

EnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Energy'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Energy'.

QuantityValue
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
comment: A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit).
comment: Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'.
example: 6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg)
elucidation: A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit).
VIMTerm: quantity value
note: A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object.

MolarEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy per amount of substance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512
elucidation: Energy per amount of substance.

CompositeMaterial
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
comment: A material that contains two or more constituent materials.
alternative label: Composite
elucidation: A material that contains two or more constituent materials.

ConstitutiveProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A process which is a spatial part of an object.
example: Blood circulation in a human body.
elucidation: A process which is a spatial part of an object.
note: A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole.

MathematicalOperator
type: Class
comment: A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space.
example: The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number.
example: The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function.
elucidation: A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space.

TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity'.

Component
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A constituent of a system.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: SubClassOf: inverse (hasConstituent) some HolisticSystem
elucidation: A constituent of a system.

AmountFractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance.
example: Unit for amount fraction.
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance.

CaesiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cs
comment: The symbol that stands for the caesium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the caesium atom.

MathematicalModel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968
comment: An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.
elucidation: An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.

TemporalTiling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal.
elucidation: A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal.

Nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
elucidation: The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.

ScriptingLanguage
type: Class
comment: A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation.
elucidation: A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation.

EnergyFluenceRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655
ISO80000Reference: 10-47
elucidation: In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence.

Hyperon
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
elucidation: A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
note: This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon

TensorMeson
type: Class
comment: A meson with spin two.
elucidation: A meson with spin two.

DifferentialOperator
type: Class

FormingFromPowder
type: Class

IntegerData
type: Class
comment: A data representing an arbritrary sized integer number.
OWLRL2DLAxioms: EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:integer
elucidation: A data representing an arbritrary sized integer number.

AmericiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 243.06138
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 95
comment: Atom subclass for americium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for americium.

CoperniciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 285.177
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 112
comment: Atom subclass for copernicium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for copernicium.

Network
type: Class
comment: A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.
elucidation: A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.

Modeller
type: Class
comment: A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
elucidation: A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties).

ActivityDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Activity per unit volume of the sample.
alternative label: ActivityConcentration
alternative label: VolumetricActivity
alternative label: VolumicActivity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-29
elucidation: Activity per unit volume of the sample.

RubidiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rb
comment: The symbol that stands for the rubidium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the rubidium atom.

HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs
type: Class
comment: The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system.
elucidation: The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system.

Expression
type: Class
comment: A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.
elucidation: A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.

PropagationCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-26.3
elucidation: Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction.

BeginTile
type: Class
comment: A direct part that only is the source, but not the target of temporal relations.
elucidation: A direct part that only is the source, but not the target of temporal relations.

GroupVelocity
type: Class
comment: Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space.
alternative label: GroupSpeed
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity
ISO80000Reference: 3-23.2
elucidation: Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity

PermeabilityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'Permeability'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'Permeability'.

MaterialSynthesis
type: Class
comment: The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
elucidation: The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
note: Deals with undefined shapes both input and output.

RatioQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394.
comment: The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality.
example: refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio
elucidation: The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality.

HeliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: He
comment: The symbol that stands for the helium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the helium atom.

OsmiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Os
comment: The symbol that stands for the osmium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the osmium atom.

LatentHeat
type: Class
comment: Heat released or absorbed energy during a constant-temperature process.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721
ISO80000Reference: 5-6.2
elucidation: Heat released or absorbed energy during a constant-temperature process.

PolymericMaterial
type: Class

SpecificationLanguage
type: Class
comment: A language used to describe what a computer system should do.
example: ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ...
elucidation: A language used to describe what a computer system should do.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language

XenonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Xe
comment: The symbol that stands for the xenon atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the xenon atom.

Ronto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: r
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-27
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e-27.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e-27.

TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation
type: Class
comment: A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method.
example: Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density.
elucidation: A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method.

NuclearMagneton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093
ISO80000Reference: 10-9.3
elucidation: Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236

SlowingDownLength
type: Class
comment: Square root of the slowing down area.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963
ISO80000Reference: 10-73.1
elucidation: Square root of the slowing down area.

Zetta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Z
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-21
comment: SI prefix who's value is 1e21.
elucidation: SI prefix who's value is 1e21.

ScandiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 44.955908
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 21
comment: Atom subclass for scandium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for scandium.

Action
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Physical quantity of dimension energy × time.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-32
elucidation: Physical quantity of dimension energy × time.

Susceptance
type: Class
comment: Imaginary part of the admittance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.3
elucidation: Imaginary part of the admittance.

AluminiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Al
comment: The symbol that stands for the aluminium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the aluminium atom.

MaterialTreatment
type: Class
comment: The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
comment: esce workpiece
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Stoffeigenschaft ändern
alternative label: WorkPieceTreatment
elucidation: The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
note: Has shaped bodies as input and output.
note: Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.

Axiom
annotated target: Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.
see also: DIN 8580:2022-12

FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece
type: Class

NonTemporalRole
type: Class
comment: An holistic spatial part of a whole.
alternative label: HolisticSpatialPart
elucidation: An holistic spatial part of a whole.

MagneticTension
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.2
elucidation: Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.

PressurePerTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTime'.

MassAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-50
elucidation: Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium.

HolmiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 164.93033
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 67
comment: Atom subclass for holmium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for holmium.

Expressing
type: Class
comment: A semiosis where the interpreter wants to express an interpretant (e.g., an idea, a reasoning, a distant entity) to the rest of the world by the production of a sign. In the intention of the interpreter, the sign should impress another agent with an intended interpretation that should match his one.
elucidation: A semiosis where the interpreter wants to express an interpretant (e.g., an idea, a reasoning, a distant entity) to the rest of the world by the production of a sign. In the intention of the interpreter, the sign should impress another agent with an intended interpretation that should match his one.

LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
comment: For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355
ISO80000Reference: 12-36.2
elucidation: For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.

RadonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 222.01758
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 86
comment: Atom subclass for radon.
elucidation: Atom subclass for radon.

YtterbiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Yb
comment: The symbol that stands for the ytterbium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the ytterbium atom.

FermiTemperature
type: Class
comment: in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324
ISO80000Reference: 12-28
elucidation: in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant

UnintentionalAgent
type: Class
comment: An agent that is driven by the law of physics rather than the intention to reach a defined objective.
example: A catalyst.
elucidation: An agent that is driven by the law of physics rather than the intention to reach a defined objective.

KineticFrictionForce
type: Class
comment: Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface.
alternative label: DynamicFrictionForce
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.4
elucidation: Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface.

ArtificialAgency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An intentional agency exercised by artificial systems that have internal states that enables adaptive regulation of the agent’s coupling with the environment and metabolic self-maintenance.
elucidation: An intentional agency exercised by artificial systems that have internal states that enables adaptive regulation of the agent’s coupling with the environment and metabolic self-maintenance.

ThermalConductance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Reciprocal of the thermal resistance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-13
elucidation: Reciprocal of the thermal resistance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298

Unknown
type: Class
comment: The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.
example: Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation.
elucidation: The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.

RadiusOfCurvature
type: Class
comment: Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve.
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.12
elucidation: Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature

SIUnit
type: Class
comment: The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes.
comment: The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures
comment: The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ.
elucidation: The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ.

ThermoelectricVoltage
type: Class
comment: Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637
ISO80000Reference: 12-20
elucidation: Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect.

PerLengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLength'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLength'.

PhaseCoefficient
type: Class
comment: Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave.
alternative label: PhaseChangeCoefficient
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-26.2
elucidation: Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave.
note: The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant

CaliforniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cf
comment: The symbol that stands for the californium atom.
elucidation: The symbol that stands for the californium atom.

ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter
type: Class
comment: A dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620
ISO80000Reference: 12-13
elucidation: A dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneisen_parameter

FluorineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 18.998403163
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 9
comment: Atom subclass for fluorine.
elucidation: Atom subclass for fluorine.

MagnesiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 24.305
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 12
comment: Atom subclass for magnesium.
elucidation: Atom subclass for magnesium.

ElectricConductance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'.
comment: Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material.
alternative label: Conductance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-47
elucidation: Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925

SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
comment: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressurePerSquareTime'.
elucidation: The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressurePerSquareTime'.

BoltzmannConstant
type: Class
comment: A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant
elucidation: A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695

MathematicalConstruct
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A construct of two or more mathematical symbols.
elucidation: A construct of two or more mathematical symbols.

ElectronVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.602177E-19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: eV
comment: An electron volt (eV) is the energy that an electron gains when it travels through a potential of one volt. You can imagine that the electron starts at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate, which is at one volt higher potential. Numerically 1 eV approximates 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ joules, where 1 joule is 6.2x10¹⁸ eV. For example, it would take 6.2x10²⁰ eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. -- QUDT
comment: The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
unit code: A53
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV
ucumCode: eV
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt
definition: The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
elucidation: An electron volt (eV) is the energy that an electron gains when it travels through a potential of one volt. You can imagine that the electron starts at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate, which is at one volt higher potential. Numerically 1 eV approximates 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ joules, where 1 joule is 6.2x10¹⁸ eV. For example, it would take 6.2x10²⁰ eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_volt
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014

ExaCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: An ExaCoulomb is 10¹⁸ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ExaC
ucumCode: EC
unitSymbol: EC
elucidation: An ExaCoulomb is 10¹⁸ C. -- QUDT

ExaJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ExaJ
ucumCode: EJ
unitSymbol: EJ
elucidation: 1 000 000 000 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT

Farad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: F
comment: Measurement unit for electric capacitance.
comment: The SI unit of electric capacitance. Very early in the study of electricity scientists discovered that a pair of conductors separated by an insulator can store a much larger charge than an isolated conductor can store. The better the insulator, the larger the charge that the conductors can hold. This property of a circuit is called capacitance, and it is measured in farads. One farad is defined as the ability to store one coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between the two conductors. This is a natural definition, but the unit it defines is very large. In practical circuits, capacitance is often measured in microfarads, nanofarads, or sometimes even in picofarads (10⁻¹² farad, or trillionths of a farad). The unit is named for the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who was known for his work in electricity and electrochemistry. -- QUDT
unit code: FAR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD
ucumCode: F
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Farad
elucidation: The SI unit of electric capacitance. Very early in the study of electricity scientists discovered that a pair of conductors separated by an insulator can store a much larger charge than an isolated conductor can store. The better the insulator, the larger the charge that the conductors can hold. This property of a circuit is called capacitance, and it is measured in farads. One farad is defined as the ability to store one coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between the two conductors. This is a natural definition, but the unit it defines is very large. In practical circuits, capacitance is often measured in microfarads, nanofarads, or sometimes even in picofarads (10⁻¹² farad, or trillionths of a farad). The unit is named for the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who was known for his work in electricity and electrochemistry. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320

FaradPerKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI derived unit farad divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Farad Per Kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD-PER-KiloM
ucumCode: F.km-1
ucumCode: F/km
unitSymbol: F/km
elucidation: SI derived unit farad divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

FaradPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Farad Per Meter (F/m) is a unit in the category of Electric permittivity. It is also known as farad/meter. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Farad Per Meter has a dimension of M-1L-3T4I2 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Farad per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD-PER-M
ucumCode: F.m-1
ucumCode: F/m
unitSymbol: F/m
elucidation: Farad Per Meter (F/m) is a unit in the category of Electric permittivity. It is also known as farad/meter. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Farad Per Meter has a dimension of M-1L-3T4I2 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

FemtoCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A FemtoCoulomb is 10⁻¹⁵ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoC
ucumCode: fC
unitSymbol: fC
elucidation: A FemtoCoulomb is 10⁻¹⁵ C. -- QUDT

FemtoGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoGM
unitSymbol: fg

FemtoGramPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One part per 10**18 by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
alternative label: Femtograms per kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoGM-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: fg.kg-1
unitSymbol: fg/kg
elucidation: One part per 10**18 by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT

FemtoJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoJ
ucumCode: fJ
unitSymbol: fJ
elucidation: 0,000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT

FemtoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The `femtometre` is an SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁵ meter. This distance can also be called `fermi` and was so named in honour of Enrico Fermi. It is often encountered in nuclear physics as a characteristic of this scale. The symbol for the fermi is also fm. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoM
ucumCode: fm
unitSymbol: fm
elucidation: The `femtometre` is an SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁵ meter. This distance can also be called `fermi` and was so named in honour of Enrico Fermi. It is often encountered in nuclear physics as a characteristic of this scale. The symbol for the fermi is also fm. -- QUDT

FemtoMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Mole
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoMOL
unitSymbol: fmol

FemtoMolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A 10**15 part quantity of substance of the measurand per kilogram mass of matrix. -- QUDT
alternative label: Femtomoles per kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FemtoMOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: fmol.kg-1
unitSymbol: fmol/kg
elucidation: A 10**15 part quantity of substance of the measurand per kilogram mass of matrix. -- QUDT

Fraction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Fraction is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as the value of the ratio itself. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FRACTION
unitSymbol: ÷
elucidation: Fraction is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as the value of the ratio itself. -- QUDT

GigaBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Becquerel
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit becquerel -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaBQ
ucumCode: GBq
unitSymbol: GBq
elucidation: 1 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit becquerel -- QUDT

GigaCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaC
ucumCode: GC
unitSymbol: GC

GigaCoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Gigacoulomb Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaC-PER-M3
ucumCode: GC.m-3
unitSymbol: GC/m³
elucidation: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

GigaHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Hertz
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. A GigaHertz is 10⁹ hz. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaHZ
ucumCode: GHz
unitSymbol: GHz
elucidation: The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. A GigaHertz is 10⁹ hz. -- QUDT

GigaHertzMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HertzMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Gigahertz Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaHZ-M
ucumCode: GHz.m
unitSymbol: GHz⋅M
elucidation: product of the 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

GigaJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaJ
ucumCode: GJ
unitSymbol: GJ
elucidation: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT

GigaOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ohm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaOHM
ucumCode: GOhm
unitSymbol: GΩ
elucidation: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

GigaPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Pascal
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaPA
ucumCode: GPa
unitSymbol: GPa
elucidation: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT

GigaWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Watt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GigaW
ucumCode: GW
unitSymbol: GW
elucidation: 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT

Gram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: g
comment: A unit of mass in the metric system. The name comes from the Greek gramma, a small weight identified in later Roman and Byzantine times with the Latin scripulum or scruple (the English scruple is equal to about 1.3 grams). The gram was originally defined to be the mass of one cubic centimeter of pure water, but to provide precise standards it was necessary to construct physical objects of specified mass. One gram is now defined to be 1/1000 of the mass of the standard kilogram, a platinum-iridium bar carefully guarded by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris for more than a century. (The kilogram, rather than the gram, is considered the base unit of mass in the SI.) The gram is a small mass, equal to about 15.432 grains or 0.035 273 966 ounce. -- QUDT
comment: Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram.
unit code: GRM
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM
ucumCode: g
definition: Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram.
elucidation: A unit of mass in the metric system. The name comes from the Greek gramma, a small weight identified in later Roman and Byzantine times with the Latin scripulum or scruple (the English scruple is equal to about 1.3 grams). The gram was originally defined to be the mass of one cubic centimeter of pure water, but to provide precise standards it was necessary to construct physical objects of specified mass. One gram is now defined to be 1/1000 of the mass of the standard kilogram, a platinum-iridium bar carefully guarded by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris for more than a century. (The kilogram, rather than the gram, is considered the base unit of mass in the SI.) The gram is a small mass, equal to about 15.432 grains or 0.035 273 966 ounce. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680

GramDegreeCelsius
type: Class
comment: `Gram Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as g · degC. -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-DEG_C
ucumCode: d.Cel-1
unitSymbol: g/°C
elucidation: `Gram Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as g · degC. -- QUDT

GramMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: unit of the imbalance as product of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-MilliM
ucumCode: g.mm
unitSymbol: g·mm
elucidation: unit of the imbalance as product of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

GramPerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: g.cm-3
ucumCode: g/cm3
unitSymbol: g/cm³
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

GramPerCubicDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Cubic Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-DeciM3
ucumCode: g.dm-3
unitSymbol: g/dm³
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

GramPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-M3
ucumCode: g.m-3
ucumCode: g/m3
unitSymbol: g/m³
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

GramPerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: mass ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram. -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-GM
ucumCode: g.g-1
ucumCode: g/g
unitSymbol: g/g
elucidation: mass ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram. -- QUDT

GramPerKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-KiloM
ucumCode: g.km-1
unitSymbol: g/km
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

GramPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001 fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: g.kg-1
ucumCode: g/kg
unitSymbol: g/kg
elucidation: 0,001 fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

GramPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-M
ucumCode: g.m-1
unitSymbol: g/m
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

GramPerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold the SI base unit meter -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: g.mm-1
unitSymbol: g/mm
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold the SI base unit meter -- QUDT

GramPerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-MOL
ucumCode: g.mol-1
unitSymbol: g/mol
elucidation: 0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

GramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-SEC
ucumCode: g.s-1
unitSymbol: g/s
elucidation: 0,001fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

GramPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre and exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: g.cm-2
ucumCode: g/cm2
unitSymbol: g/cm²
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre and exponent 2 -- QUDT

GramPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Gram Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-M2
ucumCode: g.m-2
ucumCode: g/m2
unitSymbol: g/m²
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

Gray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Gy
comment: SI unit for absorbed dose.
unit code: A95
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY
ucumCode: Gy
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Grey
elucidation: SI unit for absorbed dose.
note: The SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey?oldid=494774160
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696

GrayPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Gray per Second" is a unit for 'Absorbed Dose Rate' expressed as Gy/s. -- QUDT
alternative label: Gray per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Gy.s-1
unitSymbol: Gy/s
elucidation: "Gray per Second" is a unit for 'Absorbed Dose Rate' expressed as Gy/s. -- QUDT

Hectare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: ha
comment: A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
comment: The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres. -- QUDT
unit code: HAR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA
ucumCode: har
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare
definition: A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
elucidation: The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare

HectoCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "HectoCoulomb" is a unit for 'Electric Charge' expressed as hC. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoC
ucumCode: hC
unitSymbol: hC
elucidation: "HectoCoulomb" is a unit for 'Electric Charge' expressed as hC. -- QUDT

HectoGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.1-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoGM
ucumCode: hg
unitSymbol: hg
elucidation: 0.1-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

HectoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 100-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoM
ucumCode: hm
unitSymbol: hm
elucidation: 100-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

HectoPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Pascal
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Hectopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 Pa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 1013 hPa = 1 atm. There are 100 pascals in 1 hectopascal. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoPA
ucumCode: hPa
unitSymbol: hPa
elucidation: Hectopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 Pa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 1013 hPa = 1 atm. There are 100 pascals in 1 hectopascal. -- QUDT

HectoPascalCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: PascalCubicMetrePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product out of the 100-fold of the SI unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Hectopascal Cubic Metre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoPA-M3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: hPa.m3.s-1
unitSymbol: hPa⋅m³/s
elucidation: product out of the 100-fold of the SI unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

HectoPascalPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: PascalPerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 100-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Hectopascal Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoPA-PER-K
ucumCode: hPa.K-1
unitSymbol: hPa/K
elucidation: 100-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

Henry
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: H
comment: SI unit for electrical inductance.
unit code: 81
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H
ucumCode: H
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Henry
elucidation: SI unit for electrical inductance.
note: H = Wb/A = V·s/A = Ω·s
note: The SI unit of electric inductance. A changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a loop of wire (or in a coil of many loops) located in the field. Although the induced voltage depends only on the rate at which the magnetic flux changes, measured in webers per second, the amount of the current depends also on the physical properties of the coil. A coil with an inductance of one henry requires a flux of one weber for each ampere of induced current. If, on the other hand, it is the current which changes, then the induced field will generate a potential difference within the coil: if the inductance is one henry a current change of one ampere per second generates a potential difference of one volt. The henry is a large unit; inductances in practical circuits are measured in millihenrys (mH) or microhenrys (μH). The unit is named for the American physicist Joseph Henry (1797-1878), one of several scientists who discovered independently how magnetic fields can be used to generate alternating currents. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782

HenryPerKiloOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
alternative label: Henry Per Kiloohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-KiloOHM
ucumCode: H.kOhm-1
unitSymbol: H/kΩ
elucidation: SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

HenryPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The henry per meter (symbolized H/m) is the unit of magnetic permeability in the International System of Units ( SI ). Reduced to base units in SI, 1 H/m is the equivalent of one kilogram meter per square second per square ampere. -- QUDT
alternative label: Henry per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-M
ucumCode: H.m-1
unitSymbol: H/m
elucidation: The henry per meter (symbolized H/m) is the unit of magnetic permeability in the International System of Units ( SI ). Reduced to base units in SI, 1 H/m is the equivalent of one kilogram meter per square second per square ampere. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry

HenryPerOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
alternative label: Henry Per Ohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-OHM
ucumCode: H.Ohm-1
unitSymbol: H/Ω
elucidation: SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

Hertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hz
comment: SI unit for frequence.
unit code: HTZ
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ
ucumCode: Hz
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hertz
elucidation: SI unit for frequence.
note: The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications, such as the frequency of musical tones. The word "hertz" is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785

HertzMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Hertz Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-M
ucumCode: Hz.m
unitSymbol: Hz⋅M
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

HertzPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as Hz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Hertz per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-PER-K
ucumCode: Hz.K-1
unitSymbol: Hz/K
elucidation: `Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as Hz K⁻¹. -- QUDT

HertzPerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as Hz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Hertz per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-PER-T
ucumCode: Hz.T-1
unitSymbol: Hz/T
elucidation: "Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as Hz T⁻¹. -- QUDT

HertzPerVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: In the Hertz per Volt standard the frequency of the note is directly related to the voltage. A pitch of a note goes up one octave when its frequency doubles, meaning that the voltage will have to double for every octave rise. Depending on the footage (octave) selected, nominally one volt gives 1000Hz, two volts 2000Hz and so on. In terms of notes, bottom C would be 0.25 volts, the next C up would be 0.5 volts, then 1V, 2V, 4V, 8V for the following octaves. This system was used mainly by Yamaha and Korg. -- QUDT
alternative label: Hertz per Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-PER-V
ucumCode: Hz.V-1
unitSymbol: Hz/V
elucidation: In the Hertz per Volt standard the frequency of the note is directly related to the voltage. A pitch of a note goes up one octave when its frequency doubles, meaning that the voltage will have to double for every octave rise. Depending on the footage (octave) selected, nominally one volt gives 1000Hz, two volts 2000Hz and so on. In terms of notes, bottom C would be 0.25 volts, the next C up would be 0.5 volts, then 1V, 2V, 4V, 8V for the following octaves. This system was used mainly by Yamaha and Korg. -- QUDT

Hour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: h
comment: Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
comment: The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h. -- QUDT
unit code: HUR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR
ucumCode: h
definition: Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
elucidation: The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866

Joule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: J
comment: SI unit for energy.
unit code: JOU
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J
ucumCode: J
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Joule
elucidation: SI unit for energy.
note: The SI unit of work or energy, defined to be the work done by a force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter in the direction in which the force is applied. Equivalently, since kinetic energy is one half the mass times the square of the velocity, one joule is the kinetic energy of a mass of two kilograms moving at a velocity of 1 m/s. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363

JouleMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Joule Meter per Mole` is a unit for 'Length Molar Energy' expressed as J · m · mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule Metre per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-M-PER-MOL
ucumCode: J.m.mol-1
unitSymbol: J⋅m/mol
elucidation: `Joule Meter per Mole` is a unit for 'Length Molar Energy' expressed as J · m · mol⁻¹. -- QUDT

JoulePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Joule Per Cubic Meter` (J/m³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per cubic meter, joule per cubic metre, joules per cubic metre, joule/cubic meter, joule/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M3
ucumCode: J.m-3
ucumCode: J/m3
unitSymbol: J/m³
elucidation: `Joule Per Cubic Meter` (J/m³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per cubic meter, joule per cubic metre, joules per cubic metre, joule/cubic meter, joule/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

JoulePerCubicMetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Volumetric Heat Capacity' expressed as J/(m³ K). -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Cubic Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M3-K
ucumCode: J.m-3.K-1
unitSymbol: J/(m³⋅K)
elucidation: `Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Volumetric Heat Capacity' expressed as J/(m³ K). -- QUDT

JoulePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI derived unit joule divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule Per Gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-GM
ucumCode: J.g-1
unitSymbol: J/g
elucidation: SI derived unit joule divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

JoulePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. It is also known as joules per kelvin, joule/kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-K
ucumCode: J.K-1
unitSymbol: J/K
elucidation: Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. It is also known as joules per kelvin, joule/kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

JoulePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule Per Kilogram} (J/kg) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as `joule/kilogram`, `joules per kilogram`. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The unit has a dimension of L2T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: J.kg-1
ucumCode: J/kg
unitSymbol: J/kg
elucidation: Joule Per Kilogram} (J/kg) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as `joule/kilogram`, `joules per kilogram`. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The unit has a dimension of L2T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

JoulePerKilogramKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Specific heat capacity - The heat required to raise unit mass of a substance by unit temperature interval under specified conditions, such as constant pressure: usually measured in joules per kelvin per kilogram. Symbol c_p (for constant pressure) Also called specific heat. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM-K
ucumCode: J.kg-1.K-1
unitSymbol: J/(kg⋅K)
elucidation: Specific heat capacity - The heat required to raise unit mass of a substance by unit temperature interval under specified conditions, such as constant pressure: usually measured in joules per kelvin per kilogram. Symbol c_p (for constant pressure) Also called specific heat. -- QUDT

JoulePerKilogramKelvinCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and cubic metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM-K-M3
ucumCode: J.kg-1.K.m-3
unitSymbol: J/(kg⋅K⋅m³)
elucidation: Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and cubic metre.

JoulePerKilogramKelvinPerPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and Pascal.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM-K-PA
ucumCode: J.kg-1.K-1.Pa-1
unitSymbol: J/(kg⋅K⋅Pa)
elucidation: Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and Pascal.

JoulePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule per metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M
ucumCode: J.m-1
ucumCode: J/m
unitSymbol: J/m
elucidation: Joule per metre.

JoulePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The joule per mole (symbol: J· mol⁻¹) is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joules, and the amount of material is measured in moles. Physical quantities measured in J· mol⁻¹) usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context-dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the (possibly arbitrary) definition of a 'mole' for a particular process. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-MOL
ucumCode: J.mol-1
unitSymbol: J/mol
elucidation: The joule per mole (symbol: J· mol⁻¹) is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joules, and the amount of material is measured in moles. Physical quantities measured in J· mol⁻¹) usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context-dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the (possibly arbitrary) definition of a 'mole' for a particular process. -- QUDT

JoulePerMoleKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Energy needed to heat one mole of substance by 1 Kelvin, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP). The standard molar entropy is usually given the symbol S, and has units of joules per mole kelvin ( J· mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). Unlike standard enthalpies of formation, the value of S is an absolute. That is, an element in its standard state has a nonzero value of S at room temperature. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Mole Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-MOL-K
ucumCode: J.mol-1.K-1
unitSymbol: J/(mol⋅K)
elucidation: Energy needed to heat one mole of substance by 1 Kelvin, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP). The standard molar entropy is usually given the symbol S, and has units of joules per mole kelvin ( J· mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). Unlike standard enthalpies of formation, the value of S is an absolute. That is, an element in its standard state has a nonzero value of S at room temperature. -- QUDT

JoulePerQuarticMetre
type: Class
comment: `Joule Per Quartic Meter` (J/m⁴) is a unit for the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Quartic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M4
ucumCode: J.m-4
unitSymbol: J/m⁴
elucidation: `Joule Per Quartic Meter` (J/m⁴) is a unit for the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT

JoulePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-SEC
ucumCode: J.s-1
unitSymbol: J/s
elucidation: SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: derived SI unit joule divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: J.cm-2
unitSymbol: J/cm²
elucidation: derived SI unit joule divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule Per Square Meter (J/m²) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per square meter, joule per square metre, joule/square meter, joule/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M2
ucumCode: J.m-2
ucumCode: J/m2
unitSymbol: J/m²
elucidation: Joule Per Square Meter (J/m²) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per square meter, joule per square metre, joule/square meter, joule/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A measure of the diamagnetic energy, for a Bohr-radius spread around a magnetic axis, per square Tesla. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Square Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-T2
ucumCode: J.T-2
unitSymbol: J/T²
elucidation: A measure of the diamagnetic energy, for a Bohr-radius spread around a magnetic axis, per square Tesla. -- QUDT

JoulePerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere-square meters (A m2). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in joules and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in Joules per Tesla (J u00b7T-1). These two representations are equivalent: 1 A u00b7m2 = 1 J u00b7T-1. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-T
ucumCode: J.T-1
unitSymbol: J/T
elucidation: The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere-square meters (A m2). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in joules and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in Joules per Tesla (J u00b7T-1). These two representations are equivalent: 1 A u00b7m2 = 1 J u00b7T-1. -- QUDT

JouleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The joule-second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second, used to measure action or angular momentum. The joule-second is the unit used for Planck's constant. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-SEC
ucumCode: J.s
unitSymbol: J⋅s
elucidation: The joule-second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second, used to measure action or angular momentum. The joule-second is the unit used for Planck's constant. -- QUDT

JouleSecondPerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Joule Second per Mole` is a unit for 'Molar Angular Momentum' expressed as J s mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Joule Second per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-SEC-PER-MOL
ucumCode: J.s.mol-1
unitSymbol: J⋅s/mol
elucidation: `Joule Second per Mole` is a unit for 'Molar Angular Momentum' expressed as J s mol⁻¹. -- QUDT

JouleSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule square metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-M2
ucumCode: J.m2
unitSymbol: J⋅m²
elucidation: Joule square metre.

JouleSquareMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Joule square metre per kilogram.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-M2-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: J.m2.kg-1
unitSymbol: j⋅m²/kg
elucidation: Joule square metre per kilogram.

Katal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: kat
comment: SI unit for catalytic activity.
unit code: KAT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT
ucumCode: kat
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Katal
elucidation: SI unit for catalytic activity.
note: A unit of catalytic activity used especially in the chemistry of enzymes. A catalyst is a substance that starts or speeds a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts within the bodies of living plants and animals. A catalyst has an activity of one katal if it enables a reaction to proceed at the rate of one mole per second. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372

Kelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: K
comment: The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
unit code: KEL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K
ucumCode: K
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kelvin
definition: The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374

KelvinMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kelvin metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M
ucumCode: K.m
unitSymbol: K⋅m
elucidation: Kelvin metre.

KelvinMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kelvin metre per second.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K.m.s-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m/s
elucidation: Kelvin metre per second.

KelvinMetrePerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the SI base unit kelvin and the SI base unit metre divided by the derived SI unit watt -- QUDT
alternative label: Kelvin Metre Per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M-PER-W
ucumCode: K.m.W-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m/W
elucidation: product of the SI base unit kelvin and the SI base unit metre divided by the derived SI unit watt -- QUDT

KelvinPascalPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kelvin Pascal per second.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PA-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K.Pa.s-1
unitSymbol: K⋅Pa/s
elucidation: Kelvin Pascal per second.

KelvinPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kelvin divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Kelvin Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-K
ucumCode: K.K-1
unitSymbol: K/K
elucidation: SI base unit kelvin divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

KelvinPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A change of temperature on the Kelvin temperature scale in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT
alternative label: KelvinPerMeter
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-M
ucumCode: K.m-1
unitSymbol: K/m
elucidation: A change of temperature on the Kelvin temperature scale in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT

KelvinPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Kelvin per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / s. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kelvin per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K.s-1
ucumCode: K/s
unitSymbol: K/s
elucidation: `Kelvin per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / s. -- QUDT

KelvinPerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Kelvin per Square Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time Squared' expressed as K / s². -- QUDT
alternative label: Kelvin per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: K.s-2
ucumCode: K/s^2
unitSymbol: K/s²
elucidation: `Kelvin per Square Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time Squared' expressed as K / s². -- QUDT

KelvinPerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Kelvin per Tesla` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Magnetic Flux Density' expressed as K T⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kelvin per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-T
ucumCode: K.T-1
unitSymbol: K/T
elucidation: `Kelvin per Tesla` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Magnetic Flux Density' expressed as K T⁻¹. -- QUDT

KelvinPerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance. The SI units of thermal resistance are kelvins per watt or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (the two are the same since as intervals). -- QUDT
alternative label: Kelvin per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-W
ucumCode: K.W-1
ucumCode: K/W
unitSymbol: K/W
elucidation: Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance. The SI units of thermal resistance are kelvins per watt or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (the two are the same since as intervals). -- QUDT

KelvinSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kelvin second.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-SEC
ucumCode: K.s
unitSymbol: K⋅s
elucidation: Kelvin second.

KelvinSquareMetrePerKilogramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kelvin square metres per kilogram and second.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M2-PER-KiloGM-SEC
ucumCode: K.m2.kg-1.s-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m²/(kg⋅s)
elucidation: Kelvin square metres per kilogram and second.

KiloAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ampere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A kiloampere is 1000 A
alternative label: kiloampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloA
ucumCode: kA
unitSymbol: kA
elucidation: A kiloampere is 1000 A

KiloAmperePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: AmperePerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kiloampere Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloA-PER-M
ucumCode: kA.m-1
unitSymbol: kA/m
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KiloAmperePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: AmperePerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kiloampere Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloA-PER-M2
ucumCode: kA.m-2
unitSymbol: kA/m²
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

KiloBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Becquerel
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloBQ
ucumCode: kBq
unitSymbol: kBq
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT

KiloCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloC
ucumCode: kC
unitSymbol: kC

KiloCoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilocoulomb Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloC-PER-M3
ucumCode: kC.m-3
unitSymbol: kC/m³
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

KiloCoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilocoulomb Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloC-PER-M2
ucumCode: kC.m-2
unitSymbol: kC/m²
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

KiloHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Hertz
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Kilohertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as KHz. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloHZ
ucumCode: kHz
unitSymbol: kHz
elucidation: "Kilohertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as KHz. -- QUDT

KiloHertzMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HertzMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilohertz Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloHZ-M
ucumCode: kHz.m
unitSymbol: kHz⋅m
elucidation: product of the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KiloJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloJ
ucumCode: kJ
unitSymbol: kJ
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT

KiloJoulePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilojoule Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloJ-PER-K
ucumCode: kJ.K-1
ucumCode: kJ/K
unitSymbol: kJ/K
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

KiloJoulePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilojoule Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloJ-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: kJ.kg-1
ucumCode: kJ/kg
unitSymbol: kJ/kg
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

KiloJoulePerKilogramKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerKilogramKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the product of the SI base unit kilogram and the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilojoule Per Kilogram Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloJ-PER-KiloGM-K
ucumCode: kJ.(kg.K)-1
ucumCode: kJ.kg-1.K-1
ucumCode: kJ/(kg.K)
unitSymbol: kJ/(kg⋅K)
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the product of the SI base unit kilogram and the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

KiloJoulePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerMole
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilojoule Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloJ-PER-MOL
ucumCode: kJ.mol-1
unitSymbol: kJ/mol
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

KiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A common metric unit of length or distance. One kilometer equals exactly 1000 meters, about 0.621 371 19 mile, 1093.6133 yards, or 3280.8399 feet. Oddly, higher multiples of the meter are rarely used; even the distances to the farthest galaxies are usually measured in kilometers. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloM
ucumCode: km
unitSymbol: km
elucidation: A common metric unit of length or distance. One kilometer equals exactly 1000 meters, about 0.621 371 19 mile, 1093.6133 yards, or 3280.8399 feet. Oddly, higher multiples of the meter are rarely used; even the distances to the farthest galaxies are usually measured in kilometers. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometre

KiloMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MetrePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Kilometer per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as km/s. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilometre per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloM-PER-SEC
ucumCode: km.s-1
ucumCode: km/s
unitSymbol: km/s
elucidation: "Kilometer per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as km/s. -- QUDT

KiloMolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilomole Per Kilogram (kmol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilomole per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloMOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: kmol.kg-1
ucumCode: kmol/kg
unitSymbol: kmol/kg
elucidation: Kilomole Per Kilogram (kmol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT

KiloMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Mole
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloMOL
ucumCode: kmol
unitSymbol: kmol
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

KiloMolePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilomole Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloMOL-PER-M3
ucumCode: kmol.m-3
unitSymbol: kmol/m³
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

KiloMolePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilomole Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloMOL-PER-SEC
ucumCode: kmol.s-1
unitSymbol: kmol/s
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

KiloNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Newton
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloN
ucumCode: kN
unitSymbol: kN
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT

KiloNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilonewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloN-M
ucumCode: kN.m
unitSymbol: kN⋅m
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KiloNewtonSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilo Newton Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloN-M2
unitSymbol: kN⋅m²

KiloOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ohm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloOHM
ucumCode: kOhm
unitSymbol: kΩ
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

KiloPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Pascal
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 kPa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 101.3 kPa = 1 atm. There are 1,000 pascals in 1 kilopascal. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloPA
ucumCode: kPa
unitSymbol: kPa
elucidation: Kilopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 kPa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 101.3 kPa = 1 atm. There are 1,000 pascals in 1 kilopascal. -- QUDT

KiloPascalPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: PascalPerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilopascal Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloPA-PER-K
ucumCode: kPa.K-1
unitSymbol: kPa/K
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

KiloPascalPerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the derived SI unit pascal divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilopascal Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloPA-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: kPa.mm-1
unitSymbol: kPa/mm
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the derived SI unit pascal divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KiloPascalSquareMetrePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: sector-specific unit of the burst index as 1 000-fold of the derived unit for pressure pascal related to the substance, represented as a quotient from the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilopascal Square Metre per Gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloPA-M2-PER-GM
ucumCode: kPa.m2.g-1
unitSymbol: kPa⋅m²/g
elucidation: sector-specific unit of the burst index as 1 000-fold of the derived unit for pressure pascal related to the substance, represented as a quotient from the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

KiloSiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: SiemensPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilosiemens Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloS-PER-M
ucumCode: kS.m-1
unitSymbol: kS/m
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KiloVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Volt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloV
ucumCode: kV
unitSymbol: kV
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT

KiloVoltAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: VoltAmpere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilovolt Ampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloV-A
ucumCode: kV.A
unitSymbol: kV⋅A
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT

KiloVoltPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: VoltPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilovolt Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloV-PER-M
ucumCode: kV.m-1
unitSymbol: kV/m
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KiloWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Watt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The kilowatt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), The unit, defined as 1,000 joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloW
ucumCode: kW
unitSymbol: kW
elucidation: The kilowatt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), The unit, defined as 1,000 joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt

KiloWeber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Weber
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloWB
unitSymbol: kWb

KiloWeberPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: WeberPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kiloweber Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloWB-PER-M
ucumCode: kWb.m-1
unitSymbol: kWb/m
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

Kilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: kg
comment: The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs.
unit code: KGM
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM
ucumCode: kg
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kilogram
definition: The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391

KilogramKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Kilogram Kelvin` is a unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as kg-K. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-K
ucumCode: kg.K
unitSymbol: kg⋅K
elucidation: `Kilogram Kelvin` is a unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as kg-K. -- QUDT

KilogramMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Kilogram Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Linear Momentum' expressed as kg-m/s. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Metre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-M-PER-SEC
ucumCode: kg.m.s-1
ucumCode: kg.m/s
unitSymbol: kg⋅m/s
elucidation: "Kilogram Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Linear Momentum' expressed as kg-m/s. -- QUDT

KilogramPerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: kg.cm-3
unitSymbol: kg/cm³
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

KilogramPerCubicDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Cubic Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-DeciM3
ucumCode: kg.dm-3
unitSymbol: kg/dm³
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

KilogramPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilogram per cubic metre is an SI derived unit of density, defined by mass in kilograms divided by volume in cubic metres. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is kg . m⁻³, or equivalently either kg/m³. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M3
ucumCode: kg.m-3
ucumCode: kg/m3
unitSymbol: kg/m³
elucidation: Kilogram per cubic metre is an SI derived unit of density, defined by mass in kilograms divided by volume in cubic metres. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is kg . m⁻³, or equivalently either kg/m³. -- QUDT

KilogramPerCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilograms per cubic metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M3-SEC
ucumCode: kg.m-3.s-1
unitSymbol: kg/(m³⋅s)

KilogramPerKiloMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Kilomole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-KiloMOL
ucumCode: kg.kmol-1
unitSymbol: kg/kmol
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

KilogramPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: kg.kg-1
unitSymbol: kg/kg
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

KilogramPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) is a unit in the category of Linear mass density. It is also known as kilogram/meter, kilogram/metre, kilograms per meter, kilogram per metre, kilograms per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) has a dimension of ML-1 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M
ucumCode: kg.m-1
ucumCode: kg/m
unitSymbol: kg/m
elucidation: Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) is a unit in the category of Linear mass density. It is also known as kilogram/meter, kilogram/metre, kilograms per meter, kilogram per metre, kilograms per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) has a dimension of ML-1 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

KilogramPerMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilograms per metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M-SEC
ucumCode: kg.m-1.s-1
unitSymbol: kg/(m⋅s)

KilogramPerMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilograms per metre per square second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M-SEC2
ucumCode: kg.m-1.s-2
unitSymbol: kg/(m⋅s²)
elucidation: The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT

KilogramPerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: kg.mm-1
unitSymbol: kg/mm
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

KilogramPerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: In chemistry, the molar mass M is defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance. It is a physical property of a given substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is kg/mol. However, for historical reasons, molar masses are almost always expressed in g/mol. As an example, the molar mass of water is approximately: 18.01528(33) g/mol. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-MOL
ucumCode: kg.mol-1
ucumCode: kg/mol
unitSymbol: kg/mol
elucidation: In chemistry, the molar mass M is defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance. It is a physical property of a given substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is kg/mol. However, for historical reasons, molar masses are almost always expressed in g/mol. As an example, the molar mass of water is approximately: 18.01528(33) g/mol. -- QUDT

KilogramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) is a unit in the category of Mass flow rate. It is also known as kilogram/second, kilograms per second. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) has a dimension of MT⁻¹ where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-SEC
ucumCode: kg.s-1
ucumCode: kg/s
unitSymbol: kg/s
elucidation: Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) is a unit in the category of Mass flow rate. It is also known as kilogram/second, kilograms per second. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) has a dimension of MT⁻¹ where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

KilogramPerSecondPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the product of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Second Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-SEC-M2
ucumCode: kg.(s.m2)-1
ucumCode: kg.s-1.m-2
ucumCode: kg/(s.m2)
unitSymbol: kg/(s⋅m²)
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the product of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 and the SI base unit second -- QUDT

KilogramPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: kg.cm-2
unitSymbol: kg/cm²
elucidation: SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

KilogramPerSquareKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One SI standard unit of mass over the square of one thousand standard unit of length. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilograms per square kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-KiloM2
ucumCode: kg.km-2
unitSymbol: kg/km²
elucidation: One SI standard unit of mass over the square of one thousand standard unit of length. -- QUDT

KilogramPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) is a unit in the category of Surface density. It is also known as kilograms per square meter, kilogram per square metre, kilograms per square metre, kilogram/square meter, kilogram/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) has a dimension of ML-2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M2
ucumCode: kg.m-2
ucumCode: kg/m2
unitSymbol: kg/m²
elucidation: Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) is a unit in the category of Surface density. It is also known as kilograms per square meter, kilogram per square metre, kilograms per square metre, kilogram/square meter, kilogram/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) has a dimension of ML-2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

KilogramPerSquareMetrePerPascalPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilograms per square metre per Pascal per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M2-PA-SEC
unitSymbol: kg/(m²⋅s⋅Pa)
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(unit)

KilogramPerSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilograms per square metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: kg.m-2.s-1
unitSymbol: kg/(m²⋅s)

KilogramPerSquareMetreSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilogram per Square Metre Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M2-SEC2
unitSymbol: kg/(m²⋅s²)

KilogramPerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilogram per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: kg.s-2
ucumCode: kg/s2
unitSymbol: kg/s²

KilogramSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0 0001fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-CentiM2
ucumCode: kg.cm2
unitSymbol: kg⋅cm²
elucidation: product of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0 0001fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

KilogramSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Kilogram Square Meter" is a unit for 'Moment Of Inertia' expressed as kg-m². -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-M2
ucumCode: kg.m2
unitSymbol: kg⋅m²
elucidation: "Kilogram Square Meter" is a unit for 'Moment Of Inertia' expressed as kg-m². -- QUDT

KilogramSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Kilogram Square Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as kg-m²-s⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Square Metre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-M2-PER-SEC
ucumCode: kg.m2.s-1
unitSymbol: kg⋅m²/s
elucidation: "Kilogram Square Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as kg-m²-s⁻¹. -- QUDT

KilogramSquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the SI base kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Kilogram Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-MilliM2
ucumCode: kg.mm2
unitSymbol: kg⋅mm²
elucidation: product of the SI base kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

KilogramSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kilogram Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-SEC2
ucumCode: kg.s2
unitSymbol: kg⋅s²

Litre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: L
comment: A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
comment: Other used symbols for litre are "l" and "ℓ".
comment: The litre (American spelling: `liter`; SI symbol l or L) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 `cubic decimetre` (dm³), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm³) or 1/1000 `cubic metre`. If the lower case "L" is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a italic "l" to help distinguish it from the capital "I", although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau. -- QUDT
alternative label: liter
unit code: B51
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L
ucumCode: L
ucumCode: l
definition: A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
elucidation: The litre (American spelling: `liter`; SI symbol l or L) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 `cubic decimetre` (dm³), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm³) or 1/1000 `cubic metre`. If the lower case "L" is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a italic "l" to help distinguish it from the capital "I", although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594

Lumen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: lm
comment: SI unit for luminous flux.
unit code: LUM
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM
ucumCode: lm
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lumen
elucidation: SI unit for luminous flux.
note: The SI unit for measuring the flux of light being produced by a light source or received by a surface. The intensity of a light source is measured in candelas. One lumen represents the total flux of light emitted, equal to the intensity in candelas multiplied by the solid angle in steradians into which the light is emitted. A full sphere has a solid angle of 4·π steradians. A light source that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd·4π sr = 4π cd·sr ≈ 12.57 lumens. "Lumen" is a Latin word for light. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639

LumenPerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A measurement of luminous efficacy, which is the light output in lumens using one watt of electricity. -- QUDT
alternative label: Lumen per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM-PER-W
ucumCode: lm.W-1
unitSymbol: lm/W
elucidation: A measurement of luminous efficacy, which is the light output in lumens using one watt of electricity. -- QUDT

LumenSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: In photometry, the lumen second is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). An older name for the lumen second was the lumberg. -- QUDT
alternative label: lumen second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM-SEC
ucumCode: lm.s
unitSymbol: lm⋅s
elucidation: In photometry, the lumen second is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). An older name for the lumen second was the lumberg. -- QUDT

Lux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: lx
comment: SI unit for illuminance.
unit code: LUX
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX
ucumCode: lx
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lux
elucidation: SI unit for illuminance.
note: The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau·steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651

MegaAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ampere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaA
ucumCode: MA
unitSymbol: MA
elucidation: 1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT

MegaAmperePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Megaampere Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaA-PER-M2
ucumCode: MA.m-2
unitSymbol: MA/m²
elucidation: 1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MegaBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Becquerel
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000-fold of the derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaBQ
ucumCode: MBq
unitSymbol: MBq
elucidation: 1 000 000-fold of the derived unit becquerel -- QUDT

MegaCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A MegaCoulomb is 10⁶ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaC
ucumCode: MC
unitSymbol: MC
elucidation: A MegaCoulomb is 10⁶ C. -- QUDT

MegaCoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Megacoulomb Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaC-PER-M3
ucumCode: MC.m-3
unitSymbol: MC/m³
elucidation: 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MegaCoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Megacoulomb Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaC-PER-M2
ucumCode: MC.m-2
unitSymbol: MC/m²
elucidation: 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MegaGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaGM
ucumCode: Mg
unitSymbol: Mg
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MegaGramPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Megagram Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaGM-PER-M3
ucumCode: Mg.m-3
unitSymbol: Mg/m³
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MegaHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Hertz
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Megahertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as MHz. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaHZ
ucumCode: MHz
unitSymbol: MHz
elucidation: "Megahertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as MHz. -- QUDT

MegaHertzMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HertzMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product of the 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Megahertz Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaHZ-M
ucumCode: MHz.m
unitSymbol: MHz⋅m
elucidation: product of the 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MegaHertzPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HertzPerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Mega Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as MHz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Mega Hertz per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaHZ-PER-K
ucumCode: MHz.K-1
unitSymbol: MHz/K
elucidation: `Mega Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as MHz K⁻¹. -- QUDT

MegaHertzPerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HertzPerTesla
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Mega Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as MHz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
alternative label: Mega Hertz per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaHZ-PER-T
ucumCode: MHz.T-1
unitSymbol: MHz/T
elucidation: "Mega Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as MHz T⁻¹. -- QUDT

MegaJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaJ
ucumCode: MJ
unitSymbol: MJ
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit joule -- QUDT

MegaJoulePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Megajoule Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaJ-PER-M3
ucumCode: MJ.m-3
unitSymbol: MJ/m³
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MegaJoulePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: MegaJoule Per Kelvin (MegaJ/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. -- QUDT
alternative label: MegaJoule per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaJ-PER-K
ucumCode: MJ.K-1
unitSymbol: MJ/K
elucidation: MegaJoule Per Kelvin (MegaJ/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. -- QUDT

MegaJoulePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Megajoule Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaJ-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: MJ.kg-1
unitSymbol: MJ/kg
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MegaJoulePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: quotient of the 1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Megajoule Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaJ-PER-SEC
ucumCode: MJ.s-1
unitSymbol: MJ/s
elucidation: quotient of the 1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MegaJoulePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: JoulePerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Megajoule Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaJ-PER-M2
ucumCode: MJ.m-2
unitSymbol: MJ/m²
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MegaNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Newton
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaN
ucumCode: MN
unitSymbol: MN
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT

MegaNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Meganewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaN-M
ucumCode: MN.m
unitSymbol: MN⋅m
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MegaOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ohm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit ohm -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaOHM
ucumCode: MOhm
unitSymbol: MΩ
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MegaPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Pascal
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit pascal -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaPA
ucumCode: MPa
unitSymbol: MPa
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit pascal -- QUDT

MegaPascalCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: PascalCubicMetrePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: product out of the 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Megapascal Cubic Metre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaPA-M3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: MPa.m3.s-1
unitSymbol: MPa⋅m³/s
elucidation: product out of the 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MegaPascalPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: PascalPerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Megapascal Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaPA-PER-K
ucumCode: MPa.K-1
unitSymbol: MPa/K
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

MegaSiemens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Siemens
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaS
unitSymbol: MS

MegaSiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: SiemensPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Megasiemens Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaS-PER-M
ucumCode: MS.m-1
unitSymbol: MS/m
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MegaVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit volt -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaV
ucumCode: MV
unitSymbol: MV
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit volt -- QUDT

MegaVoltAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: VoltAmpere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
alternative label: Megavolt Ampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaV-A
ucumCode: MV.A
unitSymbol: MV⋅A
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT

MegaVoltPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: VoltPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Megavolt Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaV-PER-M
ucumCode: MV.m-1
unitSymbol: MV/m
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MegaWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Watt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Unit for power; 1 000 000 watt.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaW
ucumCode: MW
unitSymbol: MW
elucidation: Unit for power; 1 000 000 watt.

Metre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: m
comment: The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
alternative label: Meter
unit code: MTR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M
ucumCode: m
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Metre
definition: The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884

MetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: `Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as m K. -- QUDT
alternative label: Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-K
ucumCode: m.K
unitSymbol: m⋅K
elucidation: `Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as m K. -- QUDT

MetreKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Kilogram metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-KiloGM
ucumCode: m.kg
unitSymbol: m⋅kg
elucidation: Kilogram metre.

MetrePerFarad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Metre per Farad.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-FARAD
ucumCode: m.F-1
unitSymbol: m/f
elucidation: Metre per Farad.

MetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Metre per Kelvin.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-K
ucumCode: m/K
unitSymbol: m/k
elucidation: Metre per Kelvin.

MetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s. -- QUDT
unit code: MTS
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC
omReference: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time
ucumCode: m.s-1
unitSymbol: m/s
elucidation: Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s. -- QUDT

MetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The `meter per Square second` is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and the standard unit of time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s², or m s⁻². As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, that is, `metre per second per second`. -- QUDT
alternative label: Metre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: m.s-2
ucumCode: m/s2
unitSymbol: m/s²
elucidation: The `meter per Square second` is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and the standard unit of time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s², or m s⁻². As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, that is, `metre per second per second`. -- QUDT

MicroAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ampere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: microampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroA
ucumCode: uA
unitSymbol: µA

MicroBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroBQ
ucumCode: uBq
unitSymbol: μBq
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT

MicroBecquerelPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: BecquerelPerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One radioactive disintegration per hundred thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT
alternative label: Microbecquerels per kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroBQ-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: uBq.kg-1
unitSymbol: µBq/kg
elucidation: One radioactive disintegration per hundred thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT

MicroCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A MicroCoulomb is 10⁻⁶ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroC
ucumCode: uC
unitSymbol: µC
elucidation: A MicroCoulomb is 10⁻⁶ C. -- QUDT

MicroCoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Microcoulomb Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroC-PER-M3
ucumCode: uC.m-3
unitSymbol: μC/m³
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MicroCoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Microcoulomb Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroC-PER-M2
ucumCode: uC.m-2
unitSymbol: μC/m²
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MicroFarad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Farad
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The "microfarad" (symbolized μ F) is a unit of capacitance, equivalent to 0.000001 (10 to the -6th power) farad. The microfarad is a moderate unit of capacitance. In utility alternating-current (AC) and audio-frequency (AF) circuits, capacitors with values on the order of 1 μ F or more are common. At radio frequencies (RF), a smaller unit, the picofarad (pF), is often used. -- QUDT
alternative label: microfarad
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroFARAD
ucumCode: uF
unitSymbol: µF
elucidation: The "microfarad" (symbolized μ F) is a unit of capacitance, equivalent to 0.000001 (10 to the -6th power) farad. The microfarad is a moderate unit of capacitance. In utility alternating-current (AC) and audio-frequency (AF) circuits, capacitors with values on the order of 1 μ F or more are common. At radio frequencies (RF), a smaller unit, the picofarad (pF), is often used. -- QUDT

MicroFaradPerKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Microfarad Per Kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroFARAD-PER-KiloM
ucumCode: uF.km-1
unitSymbol: μF/km
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroFaradPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
alternative label: Microfarad Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroFARAD-PER-M
ucumCode: uF.m-1
unitSymbol: μF/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT

MicroGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGM
ucumCode: ug
unitSymbol: μg
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MicroGramPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Microgram Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGM-PER-M3
ucumCode: ug.m-3
ucumCode: ug/m3
unitSymbol: μg/m³
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MicroGramPerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerGram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One part per 10**6 (million) by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
alternative label: Micrograms per gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGM-PER-GM
ucumCode: ug.g-1
unitSymbol: µg/g
elucidation: One part per 10**6 (million) by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT

MicroGramPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: mass ratio as 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Microgram Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGM-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: ug.kg-1
ucumCode: ug/kg
unitSymbol: μg/kg
elucidation: mass ratio as 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MicroGramPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerSquareCentiMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A unit of mass per area, equivalent to 0.01 grammes per square metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Microgram per square centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroG-PER-CentiM2
unitSymbol: µg/cm²
elucidation: A unit of mass per area, equivalent to 0.01 grammes per square metre -- QUDT

MicroGray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gray
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001 fold of the SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGRAY
ucumCode: uGy
unitSymbol: µGy
elucidation: 0.000001 fold of the SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey

MicroHenry
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Henry
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI derived unit for inductance is the henry. 1 henry is equal to 1000000 microhenry. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroH
ucumCode: uH
unitSymbol: µH
elucidation: The SI derived unit for inductance is the henry. 1 henry is equal to 1000000 microhenry. -- QUDT

MicroHenryPerKiloOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HenryPerKiloOhm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
alternative label: Microhenry Per Kiloohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroH-PER-KiloOHM
ucumCode: uH.kOhm-1
unitSymbol: µH/kΩ
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MicroHenryPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Microhenry Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroH-PER-M
ucumCode: uH.m-1
unitSymbol: μH/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroHenryPerOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HenryPerOhm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
alternative label: Microhenry Per Ohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroH-PER-OHM
ucumCode: uH.Ohm-1
unitSymbol: µH/Ω
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MicroJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
alternative label: Micro Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroJ
unitSymbol: µJ
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT

MicroMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Micrometer" is a unit for 'Length' expressed as microm. -- QUDT
alternative label: MicroMeter
alternative label: Microm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM
ucumCode: um
unitSymbol: µm
elucidation: "Micrometer" is a unit for 'Length' expressed as microm. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometer

MicroMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Micrometre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM-PER-K
ucumCode: um.K-1
unitSymbol: μm/K
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

MicroMetrePerNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Micro metres measured per Newton -- QUDT
alternative label: Micro metre per Newton
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM-PER-N
unitSymbol: µJ/N
elucidation: Micro metres measured per Newton -- QUDT

MicroMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL
ucumCode: umol
unitSymbol: μmol
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

MicroMolePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Micromoles per gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-GM
ucumCode: umol.g-1
ucumCode: umol/g
unitSymbol: µmol/g
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MicroMolePerGramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Micromoles per gram per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-GM-SEC
ucumCode: umol.g-1.s-1
ucumCode: umol/g/s
unitSymbol: μmol/(g⋅s)

MicroMolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Micromoles per kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: umol.kg-1
ucumCode: umol/kg
unitSymbol: µmol/kg

MicroMolePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Micromoles per mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-MOL
ucumCode: umol.mol-1
ucumCode: umol/mol
unitSymbol: µmol/mol

MicroMolePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: This unit is used commonly to describe Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) - the total number of photons emitted by a light source each second within the PAR wavelength range. -- QUDT
alternative label: Micromoles per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-SEC
ucumCode: umol.s-1
ucumCode: umol/s
unitSymbol: µmol/s
elucidation: This unit is used commonly to describe Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) - the total number of photons emitted by a light source each second within the PAR wavelength range. -- QUDT

MicroMolePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area. -- QUDT
alternative label: Micromoles per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-M2
ucumCode: umol.m-2
ucumCode: umol/m2
unitSymbol: µmol/m²
elucidation: One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area. -- QUDT

MicroMolePerSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerSquareMetrePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area per SI unit of time. This term is based on the number of photons in a certain waveband incident per unit time (s) on a unit area (m2) divided by the Avogadro constant (6.022 x 1023 mol-1). It is used commonly to describe PAR in the 400-700 nm waveband. Definition Source: Thimijan, Richard W., and Royal D. Heins. 1982. Photometric, Radiometric, and Quantum Light Units of Measure: A Review of Procedures for Interconversion. HortScience 18:818-822. -- QUDT
alternative label: Micromoles per square metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL-PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: umol.m-2.s-1
ucumCode: umol/m2/s
unitSymbol: µmol/(m²⋅s)
elucidation: One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area per SI unit of time. This term is based on the number of photons in a certain waveband incident per unit time (s) on a unit area (m2) divided by the Avogadro constant (6.022 x 1023 mol-1). It is used commonly to describe PAR in the 400-700 nm waveband. Definition Source: Thimijan, Richard W., and Royal D. Heins. 1982. Photometric, Radiometric, and Quantum Light Units of Measure: A Review of Procedures for Interconversion. HortScience 18:818-822. -- QUDT

MicroNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroN
ucumCode: uN
unitSymbol: μN
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT

MicroNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the product out of the derived SI newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Micronewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroN-M
ucumCode: uN.m
unitSymbol: μN⋅m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the product out of the derived SI newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroOHM
ucumCode: uOhm
unitSymbol: μΩ
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MicroPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroPA
ucumCode: uPa
unitSymbol: μPa
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT

MicroRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Radian
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: microradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroRAD
ucumCode: urad
unitSymbol: µrad

MicroSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Second
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Microsecond" is a unit for 'Time' expressed as microsec. -- QUDT
alternative label: microsecond
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroSEC
ucumCode: us
unitSymbol: µs
elucidation: "Microsecond" is a unit for 'Time' expressed as microsec. -- QUDT

MicroSiemens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroS
ucumCode: uS
unitSymbol: μS
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT

MicroSiemensPerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Microsiemens Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroS-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: uS.cm-1
unitSymbol: μS/cm
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroSiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Microsiemens Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroS-PER-M
ucumCode: uS.m-1
unitSymbol: μS/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroSievert
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Sievert
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroSV
ucumCode: uSv
unitSymbol: µSv
elucidation: Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievert

MicroTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Tesla
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroT
ucumCode: uT
unitSymbol: µT
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT

MicroVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Volt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroV
ucumCode: uV
unitSymbol: µV
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT

MicroVoltPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: VoltPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Microvolt Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroV-PER-M
ucumCode: uV.m-1
unitSymbol: µV/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroW
ucumCode: uW
unitSymbol: μW
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT

MicroWattPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: WattPerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Microwatt Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroW-PER-M2
ucumCode: uW.m-2
unitSymbol: µW/m²
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MilliAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ampere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A milliampere is 0.001 A
alternative label: milliampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliA
ucumCode: mA
unitSymbol: mA
elucidation: A milliampere is 0.001 A

MilliAmperePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: a unit of electric current per mass
unitSymbol: mA/g
elucidation: a unit of electric current per mass

MilliAmperePerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: AmperePerMilliMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Milliampere Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliA-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: mA.mm-1
unitSymbol: mA/mm
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MilliAmperePerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2
unitSymbol: mA/cm²
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2

MilliBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Becquerel
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliBQ
unitSymbol: mBq

MilliBecquerelPerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds per 1000th SI unit of sample mass. -- QUDT
alternative label: Millibecquerels per gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliBQ-PER-GM
ucumCode: mBq.g-1
unitSymbol: mBq/g
elucidation: One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds per 1000th SI unit of sample mass. -- QUDT

MilliBecquerelPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: BecquerelPerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT
alternative label: Millibecquerels per kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliBQ-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: mBq.kg-1
unitSymbol: mBq/kg
elucidation: One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT

MilliCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A MilliCoulomb is 10⁻³ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliC
ucumCode: mC
unitSymbol: mC
elucidation: A MilliCoulomb is 10⁻³ C. -- QUDT

MilliCoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Millicoulomb Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliC-PER-M3
ucumCode: mC.m-3
unitSymbol: mC/m³
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MilliCoulombPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Millicoulomb Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliC-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: mC.kg-1
unitSymbol: mC/kg
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MilliCoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: CoulombPerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Millicoulomb Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliC-PER-M2
ucumCode: mC.m-2
unitSymbol: mC/m²
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MilliDegreeCelsius
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: DegreeCelsius
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 273.15
comment: Millidegree Celsius is a scaled unit of measurement for temperature. -- QUDT
alternative label: Millidegree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliDEG_C
ucumCode: mCel
unitSymbol: m°C
elucidation: Millidegree Celsius is a scaled unit of measurement for temperature. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius

MilliFarad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Farad
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliFARAD
ucumCode: mF
unitSymbol: mF
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT

MilliGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM
ucumCode: mg
unitSymbol: mg
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MilliGramPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-M3
ucumCode: mg.m-3
ucumCode: mg/m3
unitSymbol: mg/m³
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MilliGramPerCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Milligrams per cubic metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-M3-SEC
ucumCode: mg.m-3.s-1
unitSymbol: mg/(m³⋅s)

MilliGramPerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerGram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-GM
ucumCode: mg.g-1
ucumCode: mg/g
unitSymbol: mg/gm
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MilliGramPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: mg.kg-1
ucumCode: mg/kg
unitSymbol: mg/kg
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MilliGramPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-M
ucumCode: mg.m-1
unitSymbol: mg/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MilliGramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-SEC
ucumCode: mg/s
unitSymbol: mg/s
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MilliGramPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerSquareCentiMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: mg.cm-2
unitSymbol: mg/cm²
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MilliGramPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Milligram Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-M2
ucumCode: mg.m-2
ucumCode: mg/m2
unitSymbol: mg/m²
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MilliGramPerSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Milligrams per square metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGM-PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: mg.m-2.s-1
unitSymbol: mg/(m²⋅s)

MilliGray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gray
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit gray -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliGRAY
ucumCode: mGy
unitSymbol: mGy
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit gray -- QUDT

MilliHenry
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Henry
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A unit of inductance equal to one thousandth of a henry. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliH
ucumCode: mH
unitSymbol: mH
elucidation: A unit of inductance equal to one thousandth of a henry. -- QUDT

MilliHenryPerKiloOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HenryPerKiloOhm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
alternative label: Millihenry Per Kiloohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliH-PER-KiloOHM
ucumCode: mH.kOhm-1
unitSymbol: mH/kΩ
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MilliHenryPerOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HenryPerOhm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
alternative label: Millihenry Per Ohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliH-PER-OHM
ucumCode: mH.Ohm-1
unitSymbol: mH/Ω
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MilliJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Joule
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliJ
ucumCode: mJ
unitSymbol: mJ
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT

MilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or millimeter (American spelling) (SI unit symbol mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. It is equal to 1000 micrometres or 1000000 nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly 5/127 (approximately 0.039370) of an inch. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM
ucumCode: mm
unitSymbol: mm
elucidation: The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or millimeter (American spelling) (SI unit symbol mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. It is equal to 1000 micrometres or 1000000 nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly 5/127 (approximately 0.039370) of an inch. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimetre

MilliMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MetrePerKelvin
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
alternative label: Millimetre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM-PER-K
ucumCode: mm.K-1
unitSymbol: mm/K
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

MilliMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MetrePerSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Millimetre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM-PER-SEC
ucumCode: mm.s-1
unitSymbol: mm/s
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MilliMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Mole
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL
ucumCode: mmol
unitSymbol: mmol
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

MilliMolePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Unavailable. -- QUDT
alternative label: Millimoles per cubic metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL-PER-M3
ucumCode: mmol.m-3
unitSymbol: mmol/m³
elucidation: Unavailable. -- QUDT

MilliMolePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Millimole Per Gram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL-PER-GM
ucumCode: mmol.g-1
unitSymbol: mmol/g
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MilliMolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Millimole Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: mmol.kg-1
ucumCode: mmol/kg
unitSymbol: mmol/kg
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MilliMolePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Millimoles per mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL-PER-MOL
ucumCode: mmol.mol-1
unitSymbol: mmol/mol

MilliMolePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: MolePerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Unavailable. -- QUDT
alternative label: Millimoles per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL-PER-M2
ucumCode: mmol.m-2
unitSymbol: mmol/m²
elucidation: Unavailable. -- QUDT

MilliMolePerSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Millimoles per square metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliMOL-PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: mmol.m-2.s-1
ucumCode: mmol/m2/s1
unitSymbol: µg/(m²⋅s)

MilliNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Newton
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliN
ucumCode: mN
unitSymbol: mN
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT

MilliNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Millinewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliN-M
ucumCode: mN.m
unitSymbol: mN⋅m
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MilliNewtonPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: NewtonPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Millinewton Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliN-PER-M
ucumCode: mN.m-1
unitSymbol: mN/m
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MilliOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ohm
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliOHM
ucumCode: mOhm
unitSymbol: mΩ
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MilliPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Pascal
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliPA
ucumCode: mPa
unitSymbol: mPa
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT

MilliPascalSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: PascalSecond
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit pascal and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Millipascal Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliPA-SEC
ucumCode: mPa.s
unitSymbol: mPa⋅s
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit pascal and the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MilliRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Radian
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: milliradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliRAD
ucumCode: mrad
unitSymbol: mrad

MilliSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Second
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: "Millisecond" is an Imperial unit for 'Time' expressed as ms. -- QUDT
alternative label: millisecond
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliSEC
ucumCode: ms
unitSymbol: ms
elucidation: "Millisecond" is an Imperial unit for 'Time' expressed as ms. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millisecond

MilliSiemens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Siemens
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliS
ucumCode: mS
unitSymbol: mS
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT

MilliSiemensPerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: SiemensPerCentiMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Millisiemens Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliS-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: mS.cm-1
ucumCode: mS/cm
unitSymbol: mS/cm
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MilliSiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: SiemensPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: MilliSiemens per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliS-PER-M
ucumCode: mS.m-1
unitSymbol: mS/m

MilliSievert
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Sievert
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliSV
ucumCode: mSv
unitSymbol: mSv
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert -- QUDT

MilliTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Tesla
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliT
ucumCode: mT
unitSymbol: mT
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT

MilliVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Volt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0,001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliV
ucumCode: mV
unitSymbol: mV
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT

MilliVoltPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: VoltPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Millivolt Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliV-PER-M
ucumCode: mV.m-1
unitSymbol: mV/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MilliWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Watt
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A milliwatt 0.01 N.
alternative label: milliwatt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliW
ucumCode: mW
unitSymbol: mW
elucidation: A milliwatt 0.01 N.

MilliWattPerSquareCentiMetrePerMicroMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E7
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Milliwatts per square centimetre per micrometre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliW-PER-CentiM2-MicroM-SR
ucumCode: mW.cm-2.um-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: mW/(cm⋅µm⋅sr)

MilliWattPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: WattPerSquareMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
alternative label: Milliwatt Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliW-PER-M2
ucumCode: mW.m-2
unitSymbol: mW/m²
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MilliWattPerSquareMetrePerNanoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: WattPerSquareMetrePerNanoMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Milliwatts per square metre per nanometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliW-PER-M2-NanoM
ucumCode: mW.m-2.nm-1
unitSymbol: mW/(cm⋅nm)

MilliWattPerSquareMetrePerNanoMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: WattPerSquareMetrePerNanoMetrePerSteradian
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Milliwatts per square metre per nanometre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliW-PER-M2-NanoM-SR
ucumCode: mW.m-2.nm-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: mW/(cm⋅nm⋅sr)

MilliWeber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Weber
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliWB
ucumCode: mWb
unitSymbol: mWb
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber -- QUDT

Minute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 60.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: min
comment: A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5' (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time). -- QUDT
comment: Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
unit code: MIN
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN
ucumCode: min
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute
definition: Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
elucidation: A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5' (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time). -- QUDT

MolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Mole Per Kilogram (mol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: mol.kg-1
ucumCode: mol/kg
unitSymbol: mol/kg
elucidation: Mole Per Kilogram (mol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT

Mole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: mol
comment: The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles.
unit code: C34
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL
ucumCode: mol
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mole_%28unit%29
definition: The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(unit)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980

MoleDegreeCelsius
type: Class
comment: `Mole Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Temperature Amount Of Substance' expressed as mol-degC. -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-DEG_C
ucumCode: mol.Cel
unitSymbol: mol⋅°C
elucidation: `Mole Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Temperature Amount Of Substance' expressed as mol-degC. -- QUDT

MoleKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Mole Kelvin is a unit for `Temperature Amount Of Substance` expressed as mol-K. -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-K
ucumCode: mol.K
unitSymbol: mol⋅K
elucidation: Mole Kelvin is a unit for `Temperature Amount Of Substance` expressed as mol-K. -- QUDT

MolePerCubicDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole Per Cubic Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-DeciM3
ucumCode: mol.dm-3
unitSymbol: mol/dm³
elucidation: SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MolePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mole/cubic meter. -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M3
ucumCode: mol.m-3
ucumCode: mol/m3
unitSymbol: mol/m³
elucidation: The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mole/cubic meter. -- QUDT

MolePerCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit volume per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
alternative label: Moles per cubic metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M3-SEC
ucumCode: mol.m-3.s-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m³⋅s)
elucidation: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit volume per SI unit of time. -- QUDT

MolePerKilogramPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Mole Per Kilogram Pascal (mol/kg-pa) is a unit of Molar Mass variation due to Pressure. -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole per Kilogram Pascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-KiloGM-PA
ucumCode: mol.kg-1.Pa-1
unitSymbol: mol/(kg⋅Pa)
elucidation: Mole Per Kilogram Pascal (mol/kg-pa) is a unit of Molar Mass variation due to Pressure. -- QUDT

MolePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
alternative label: Mole Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-SEC
ucumCode: mol.s-1
ucumCode: mol/s
unitSymbol: mol/s
elucidation: SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area. -- QUDT
alternative label: Moles per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2
ucumCode: mol.m-2
unitSymbol: mol/m²
elucidation: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area. -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
alternative label: Moles per square metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s)
elucidation: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area per SI unit of time. -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Moles per square metre and second and metre.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC-M
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1.m-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s⋅m)
elucidation: Moles per square metre and second and metre.

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecondPerMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Moles per square metre per second per metre per steradian.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC-M-SR
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1.m-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s⋅m⋅sr)
elucidation: Moles per square metre per second per metre per steradian.

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecondPerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Moles per square metre per second per steradian.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC-SR
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s⋅sr)
elucidation: Moles per square metre per second per steradian.

NanoAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Ampere
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: nanoampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoA
ucumCode: nA
unitSymbol: nA

NanoBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Becquerel
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoBQ
unitSymbol: nBq

NanoCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Coulomb
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A NanoCoulomb is 10⁻⁹ C. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoC
ucumCode: nC
unitSymbol: nC
elucidation: A NanoCoulomb is 10⁻⁹ C. -- QUDT

NanoFarad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Farad
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: A common metric unit of electric capacitance equal to 10⁻⁹ farad. This unit was previously called the millimicrofarad. -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoFARAD
ucumCode: nF
unitSymbol: nF
elucidation: A common metric unit of electric capacitance equal to 10⁻⁹ farad. This unit was previously called the millimicrofarad. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad

NanoFaradPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: FaradPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Nanofarad Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoFARAD-PER-M
ucumCode: nF.m-1
unitSymbol: nF/m
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

NanoGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Gram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 10**-9 grams or one 10**-12 of the SI standard unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoGM
ucumCode: ng
unitSymbol: ng
elucidation: 10**-9 grams or one 10**-12 of the SI standard unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT

NanoGramPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerCubicMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
alternative label: Nanogram Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoGM-PER-M3
ucumCode: ng.m-3
unitSymbol: ng/m³
elucidation: 0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

NanoGramPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: GramPerKilogram
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: mass ratio consisting of the 0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
alternative label: Nanogram Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoGM-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: ng.kg-1
ucumCode: ng/kg
unitSymbol: ng/Kg
elucidation: mass ratio consisting of the 0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

NanoGramPerSquareMetrePerPascalPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Nanograms per square metre per Pascal per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoGM-PER-M2-PA-SEC
unitSymbol: ng/(m²⋅s⋅Pa)
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(unit)

NanoHenry
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Henry
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoH
ucumCode: nH
unitSymbol: nH
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry -- QUDT

NanoHenryPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: HenryPerMetre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
alternative label: Nanohenry Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoH-PER-M
ucumCode: nH.m-1
unitSymbol: nH/m
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

NanoMeterPerMilliMeterMegaPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Nanometer Per Millimeter Megapascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoM-PER-MilliM-MegaPA
ucumCode: nm.mm-1.MPa-1
unitSymbol: nm/(mm⋅MPa)

NanoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Metre
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoM
ucumCode: nm
unitSymbol: nM
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

NanoMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Mole
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoMOL
unitSymbol: nmol

NanoMolePerCubicCentiMetrePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-7
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Nanomoles per cubic centimetre per hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoMOL-PER-CentiM3-HR
ucumCode: nmol.cm-3.h-1
unitSymbol: nmol/(cm³⋅h)

NanoMolePerGramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Nanomoles per gram per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoMOL-PER-GM-SEC
ucumCode: nmol.g-1.s-1
unitSymbol: nmol/(g⋅s)