The Hyperdimensional Polymer Ontology (HPO) is an ontology meant to capture the staggering diversity of polymeric materials and their applications.
An ontology to capture the staggering diversity of polymeric materials and their applications.
Hyperdimensional Polymer Ontology
hpo
Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com
Effective and anisotropic proportionality constant between the molar (or mass) flux due to molecular diffusion (out of the prepreg specimen).
PrepregWaterDiffusionCoefficient
A material made up of resin and reinforcement (usually fibre).
Composite
The manufacturing of a component made of a composite material.
ComponentManufacturing
CoverToolProperty
Catalyst viscosity at 25°C.
CatalystViscosity
CompositeLaminateProperty
Maximum value of the stress-strain curve under flexural stress.
FlexuralStrength
Tangent of the stress-strain curve under flexural stress.
FlexualModulus
A collection of the properties of textile fabrics.
TextileFabricProperty
Intermediate mixture to make a formulation that allows formulated resin differentiation.
ResinIngredient
Sum of the thicknesses of prepreg layer.
StackedPrepregNominalThickness
Catalyst suppliers trade name for the purchased catalyst formulation.
CatalystCommercialName
Viscosity at 25°C.
ResinViscosity
Ratio between the volume of fibre and the volume of the composite.
PrepregFibreVolumeContent
Length (contributing to the size of the tool).
MouldToolLength
Process in which a polymer melt changes on cooling to a polymer glass or a polymer glass changes on heating to a polymer melt.
FormulatedResinGlassTransitionTemperature
A manufacturing line processing a composite material into a component.
ComponentManufacturingLine
Time at which the curing temperature must be held to achieve a certain level of cure.
FormulatedResinCuringTime
Commercial name of the applied consumable (product), differentiating available product providers and product lots.
MouldReleaseLayerIdentifier
Preparing a resin involves mixing the precursor (monomers) with a hardener or a catalyst, fillers, and additives.
ResinPreparation
Dynamic viscosity of the resin.
FormulatedResinViscosity
Step duration
StepDuration
EXPECTED Tangent of the stress-strain curve under tensile stress AFTER CURING.
PrepregExpectedTensileModulus
A roll of prepreg material.
PrepregRoll
Width (contributing to the size of the object).
StackedPrepregWidth
Mass per unit volume of the facbric.
FibreDensity
Duration of the degassing.
DegassingStepDuration
Width (contributing to the size of the tool).
CoverToolWidth
A term used for a large number of specialist chemicals which are added to compounds to impart specific properties.
An additive can provide flame retardancy and UV resistance properties to a resin.
Additive
Heating rate during step.
HeatingRateDuringStep
A lubricant used to prevent a part from sticking to a mold surface.
MouldReleaseLayer
MouldToolWidth
A collection of the properties of stacked prepregs.
StackedPrepregProperty
Characteristic temperature (range) of the process in which a polymer melt changes on cooling to a polymer glass or a polymer glass changes on heating to a polymer melt.
PrepregGlassTransitionTemperature
EXPECTED ratio between increased length and initial length after breakage AFTER CURING.
PrepregExpectedElongationAtBreak
List of the orientation (degreees) of each prepreg layer.
StackedPrepregStackingSequence
CompositeLaminate
Maximum amount of energy released in case of complete conversion.
ResinReactivity
pH of the resin.
ResinpH
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction.
Catalyst
Mass per unit volume of the prepreg.
PrepregDensity
A batch resin mixer.
ResinMixer
Mass of water released per mass of prepreg throughout the applied chemical (curing) reaction.
PrepregSpecificCondensateFormation
A prepreg a piece cut from a prepreg roll, which can be stacked.
Ply
PrepregPart
PrepregPiece
ComponentManufacturingProperty
Width of the fabric.
TextileFabricWidth
Pressure during step.
InitialStepPressure
Average diameter of holes.
CoverToolSizeOfHoles
FibreIdentifier
The process of shaping composite materials into a solid mass of prescribed shape and size, using a mold or tool.
Moulding
ShapingAndCuring
The curing process involves the treatement of a polymer with a catalyst and/or thermal treatement that results in the formation of chemical bonds that link the polymer chains together, creating an insoluble network.
Curing
EXPECTED Maximum value of the stress-strain curve under flexural stress AFTER CURING.
PrepregExpectedFlexuralStrength
Average distance between holes.
CoverToolHoleDistance
An enclosed cavity or open form from which a composite component takes its shape, size and exterior surface appearance (also known as a tool).
MouldTool
Initial temperature of the container during step.
InitialStepTemperature
Temperature for transition from glassy state into a viscous one.
GlassTransitionTemperature
The storage modulus in viscoelastic materials measure the stored energy representing the elastic portion.
StorageModulus
An arrangement of prepreg parts (ply) orientations and material components in a laminate specified with respect to some reference direction.
Stacking
A collection of the properties of the release layer of a mould or tool.
MouldReleaseLayerProperty
Weight percentage of water in the prepreg (that can be dried and is not formed during the curing reaction).
PrepregWaterContent
Number of stacked prepreg layers
StackedPrepregNumberOfLayers
Average molecular weight of the main resin molecular consituents.
ResinMolecularWeight
A collection of the properties of resins.
ResinProperty
Average molecular weight of the catalyst molecular consituents.
CatalystMolecularWeight
After performing a cross-cut perpendicular to the specimen surface, based on a light microscopy image, the apparent surface area fraction occupied by pores is evaluated.
CompositeLaminateBulkPorosity
Final temperature of the container during step.
FinalStepTemperature
The process of prepreg manufacturing.
Prepregging
Total composition of the resin.
ResinComposition
EXPECTED Tangent of the stress-strain curve under flexural stress AFTER CURING.
PrepregExpectedFlexualModulus
Thickness of the prepreg.
PrepregThickness
Mass density of the resin.
ResinDensity
Based on a light microscopy image of the smoother surface (i.e. the one visible to a user) of the composite laminate, the apparent surface area fraction occupied by pores is evaluated.
CompositeLaminateSurfaceRegionPorosity
Mass density of the catalyst.
CatalystDensity
A collection of the properties of formulated resins.
FormulatedResinProperty
A collection of the properties of prepregs.
PrepregProperty
Experimental procedure for resin reactivity measurement.
DSCAnalysis
Using a (set of) specimen illumination settings, the appearance is compared with the appearance of a specified set of (reference) specimens.
CompositeLaminateVisualSurfaceFinish
Length (contributing to the size of the object).
StackedPrepregLength
CoverReleaseLayerProperty
After cutting a test sample out of the specimen to be tested, gravimetric and volumetric findings are used to calculate an (average) density that is compared to the density of a qualified (reference) “in order (i.o.)” specimen.
PorosityInferredFromDensity
Parts manufactured per minute.
PartsTurnover
Maximum value of the stress-strain curve under tensile stress.
TensileStrength
Pattern of fibre weaving.
TextileConstruction
TextileFabricWeaveStyle
A factory-made combination of reactive resins and reinforcing fibres, plus other necessary additive chemicals, ready to be moulded.
Prepreg
A release layer applied to a cover placed over the laminate.
CoverReleaseLayer
Ratio between the volume of fibre and the volume of the composite laminate.
FibreVolumeContent
Percentage of the (feasible) curing (that is no more available for cross-linking reaction(s))
PrepregCuringDegree
Mechanical property associated with the matrix-fibre interaction.
InterlaminarShearStrength
Final pressure of the container during step.
FinalStepPressure
The structure resulting from the curing of multiple stacked prepreg plies.
Laminate
Amount of holes.
CoverToolNumberOfHoles
The mold, either one- or two-sided and either open or closed, in or upon which composite material is placed in order to make a part.
CoverTool
EXPECTED Maximum value of the stress-strain curve under tensile stress AFTER CURING.
PrepregExpectedTensileStrength
A planar textile constructed with fibres (or yarns), which can be either woven (interlaced using a weaving process) or non-woven (not interlaced).
TextileFabric
Ratio between increased length and initial length after breakage.
ElongationAtBreak
A manufacturing line is a set of sequential operations in a factory where materials are processed, assembled, and/or refined to produce a finished product or an intermediate product for further processing.
ManufacturingLine
Width of the prepreg.
PrepregWidth
CoverToolLength
Soft solid or highly viscous substance, usually containing prepolymers with reactive groups.
Resin
A specially formulated material placed between the mold and uncured resin/fiber (usually sprayed or painted on the mold surface) to prevent permanent bonding between the two during cure and facilitates demolding after cure.
ReleaseLayer
Temperature required to start the process of cure of the resin.
FormulatedResinCuringTemperature
Percentage of water in the base resin.
ResinWaterContent
CoverReleaseLayerIdentifier
A manufactured mixture of a resin and ingredients.
FormulatedResin
Weight percentage of (dissolved and freezable) water in the base resin.
FormulatedResinWaterContent
List of steps for the mixing process.
WorkingStepsOrder
A manufacturing line processing a prepreg for later use.
PrepregLine
Textile fabric thickness
TextileFabricThickness
A collection of the properties of moulds or tools.
MouldToolProperty
CatalystProperty
Arithmetic average of the absolute values of the profile height deviations from the mean line, recorded within the evaluation length.
MouldToolSurfaceRoughness
Tangent of the stress-strain curve under tensile stress.
TensileModulus
Diameter of the fibre composing the fabric.
FibreDiameter
Mass of water released per mass of resin throughout the applied chemical (curing) reaction.
FormulatedResinSpecificCondensateFormation
Arrangement of ply prepregs in a laminate.
StackedPrepreg
A material (usually low cost) added to a resin to extend it, or give special properties
Filler
Solvents, such as water and alcohol, in a sizing or resin formulation that can be vaporized at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures.
Solvent
Volatile
A single molecule that reacts with like or unlike molecules to form a polymer.
Monomer
A naturally occurring polymer produced by living organisms.
DNA, cellulose.
NaturalPolymer
A polymer synthesised from biomass sources.
Polylactic acid, celluloid.
Bioplastics
SemiSyntheticPolymer
A polymer synthesised from other manufactured chemicals.
Polyethylene, polystyrene.
SyntheticPolymer
A polymer whose molecular structure is characterised by a linear chain of repeating units.
LinearPolymer
A polymer whose molecular structure is characterised by a regular or irregular attachment of side chains to the main backbone chain. .
Glycogen, Star-polymers.
BranchedPolymer
A polymer whose molecular structure is characterised by additional covalent bonds connecting several chains together.
Bakelite, vulcanised rubber.
CrosslinkedPolymer
A polymer derived from the polymerisation of one kind of monomer.
HomoPolymer
A polymer derived from the polymerisation of more than one species of monomer.
CoPolymer
A polymer characterised by weak intermolecular forces and viscoelasticity.
Neoprene, rubber.
Elastomer
A polymer characterised by strong intermolecular forces and high tensile strength.
Cotton, Nylon.
Fibre
A polymer that becomes pliable and mouldable (i.e. plastic) above a certain temperature, and that reversibly solidifies upon cooling. Thermoplastics typically have linear chains and high molecular weight, increasing the strength of intermolecular interactions.
Polyacrylic acids, Polylactic acid, Polycarbonate.
ThermoplasticPolymer
A polymer that becomes irreversibly hard by creating an extensive network of cross-linking between the individual chains.
Epoxy resins, Polyurethanes.
ThermosettingPolymer
A polymer obtained through an addition reaction, that is, a reaction involving the creation of a single bond between the atoms of different molecules which are involved in a double or triple bond.
AdditionPolymer
A polymer obtained through a condensation reaction, that is, where two molecules form a chemical bond by eliminating a small molecule such as water.
CondensationPolymer
A polymer obtained through a coupling reaction, that is, where two molecules form a chemical bond usually with a transition metal catalysing the reaction.
CouplingPolymer
In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct. An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds.
Condensation is a type of chemical reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule.
A 2-dimensional representation of chemical structures of organic compounds, showing the chemical bonds as lines, carbon atoms as vertices, and hetero atoms with labels. Hydrogen atoms are omitted in the representation since their presence can be derived from the valence of carbon atoms.
SkeletalFormula
A class of structures characterised by a linear skeleton.
Linear
A class of structures characterised by a branched skeleton.
Branched
A class of structures characterised by a bond or a short sequence of bonds connecting different macromolecules.
Crosslinked
The response of a material as a function of its temperature.
ThermalBehaviour
It is the ability of a material to exibit plasticity when its temperature exceeds a given value.
Thermoplastic
It is a process by which a material becomes irreversibly rigid when heated.
Thermosetting
It is the ability of an object or material to return to its original shape after being deformed by a force.
Elasticity
It is the inability of an object or material to stretch in response to an applied force.
Inelasticity
It is the capacity of an object or material to retain a permanent deformation when an applied force exceeds a certain limit.
Plasticity
Stiffness