The Graphic Descriptor Ontology (GDO) is intended for use in describing graphics that represent the form of objects. The Graphic Descriptor Ontology Anatomy extension (GDOA) extends the GDO to the domain of anatomical graphics by providing classes for anatomical views and anatomically-relevant region mark roles, such as representing a type of body tissue or body fluid. Graphic Descriptor Ontology Anatomy extension (GDOA) Melissa Clarkson 1.1.4 A property that provides information about anatomy relevant to this class or individual. related anatomy A relation between a pictorial spatial composition and an anatomical structure or morphological phenotype, such that the representation is a depiction of that structure or phenotype or includes a depiction of that structure or phenotype within the anatomy represented. depicts anatomical entity A relation between a pictorial spatial compositin and a stage of development of an organism, such that the morphology depicted is typical of that developmental stage. depicts developmental stage A relation between a pictorial spatial composition and a stage of the human life cycle, such that the morphology depicted is typical of that human life cycle stage. depicts human life cycle stage A relation between two pictorial spatial compositions, such that composition X depicts a later developmental stage than composition Y. displays developmental stage after A relation between two pictorial spatial compositions, such that composition X depicts an earlier developmental stage than composition Y. displays developmental stage before A relation between two pictorial spatial compositions, such that composition X depicts a less severe phenotype than composition Y, as compared with typical anatomy. displays less severe phenotype than A relation between two pictorial spatial compositions, such that composition X depicts a more severe phenotype than composition Y, as compared with typical anatomy. displays more severe phenotype than A relation between two pictorial spatial compositions, such that each represents a similar phenotype. To be used when phenotypes cannot be ordered by severity. For ordered phenotypes use "depicts less severe phenotype than" or "depicts more severe phenotype than". depicts similar phenotype The taxon that the organism(s) depicted by a pictorial spatial composition belongs to. depicts taxon Whether the morphology depicted is typical or a canonical form, meaning that the anatomy is commonly found in a healthy population and not classified as an unusual variant, a malformation, or resulting from surgery or injury. depicts typical morphology Whether the morphology depicted is an instance of morphology, meaning that the anatomy depicted is of a particular individual (and not a generalization of multiple observations across individuals). depicts instantiated morphology abaxial adaxial anterior buccal distal dorsal facial front inferior labial lateral left lingual medial mesial palmar plantar posterior right superior ventral The directionality of the coordinate system of the referent object that corresponds to the bottom of the canvas of the pictorial spatial composition. anatomical direction of canvas bottom abaxial adaxial anterior buccal distal dorsal facial front inferior labial lateral left lingual medial mesial palmar plantar posterior right superior ventral The directionality of the coordinate system of the referent object that corresponds to the left side of the canvas of the pictorial spatial composition. anatomical direction of canvas left abaxial adaxial anterior buccal distal dorsal facial front inferior labial lateral left lingual medial mesial palmar plantar posterior right superior ventral The directionality of the coordinate system of the referent object that corresponds to the left side of the canvas of the pictorial spatial composition. anatomical direction of canvas right abaxial adaxial anterior buccal distal dorsal facial front inferior labial lateral left lingual medial mesial palmar plantar posterior right superior ventral The directionality of the coordinate system of the referent object that corresponds to the top of the canvas of the pictorial spatial composition. anatomical direction of canvas top A view used in the domain of anatomy to describe the representation of a body or its parts. Anatomical views are defined relative to the standard anatomical position for an organism or the local coordinate system for an organ. anatomical view An anatomical view that depicts a section through the referent body or body part that corresponds to some plane, as if the referent has been sliced along a plane. anatomical planar view An anatomical view that depicts the external or internal surface of a referent body or its parts. Some parts of the referent body may be dissected away. anatomical surface view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a bipedal (human) body or its parts that corresponds to a coronal plane (parallel to the long axis of the body and passing through the coronal suture of the skull). frontal planar view coronal planar view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a body or body part that corresponds to a dorsal plane. This view is relevant only to organisms for which the main body axis is approximately horizontal, such as quadrupeds and fish. horizontal planar view dorsal planar view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a body or body part that corresponds to a sagittal plane. This applies only to bilateral organisms. sagittal planar view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a body or its parts that corresponds to a transverse plane. This view is a cross-section of the body and is perpendicular to the long axis of the body. transverse planar view An anatomical view that depicts the surface or parts of one or more teeth relative to the axis of the dental arch. anatomical surface view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts a lateral side of a body or its parts. This view is along the medial-lateral axis, with the viewer positioned lateral to (at the side of) the body. This view is relevant to bilateral organisms (with left and right lateral views) as well as those with radial body plans (for which this view is parallel to the main body axis). lateral view An anatomical surface view that depicts a side of a body or its parts that does not correspond to one of the primary body planes. oblique view An oblique view for which the viewer is looking toward the body or body part from below the body. oblique inferior view An oblique view for which the viewer is looking toward the body or body part from above the body. oblique superior view An oblique inferior view that depicts the anterior side of a body or body part. anteroinferior view An oblique inferior view that depicts the posterior side of a body or body part. posteroinferior view An oblique superior view that depicts the anterior side of a body or body part. anterosuperior view An oblique superior view that depicts the posterior side of a body or body part. posterosuperior view An oblique view for which the viewer is looking toward the body or body part from a position lateral to the body. oblique lateral view An oblique lateral view with the viewer positioned toward the posterior portion of the body or body part. posterolateral view An oblique lateral view with the viewer positioned toward the anterior portion of the body or body part. anterolateral view A region mark role that represents something in the domain of anatomy. The names and categories of anatomical entites is loosely based on the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) class hierarchy. region representing an anatomical entity A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents an anatomical space, such as a lumen or cavity. region representing an anatomical space A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a body fluid. region representing a body fluid A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents urine. region representing urine A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents part of an organ system that consists of more than one type of tissue. region representing a component of an organ system A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a blood vessel, part of a blood vessel, or a blood vessel network. region representing a blood vessel A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents an artery, part of an artery, or arterial tree. region representing an artery A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a vein, part of a vein, or a network of veins. region representing a vein A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a lymph node or part of a lymph node. region representing a lymph node A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a lymphatic vessel, part of a lymphatic vessel, or a network of lymphtic vessels. region representing a lymphatic vessel A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents an appendage to the skin that is part of the body's integument, such as hair, toenail, or fingernail. region representing a skin appendage A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a collection of hairs. region representing hair A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents a nail, either a fingernail or toenail. region representing a nail A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some component of the lymphatic system. region representing a component of the lymphatic system A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of tissue. region representing a tissue type A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of epithelial tissue. region representing epithelial tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of stratified squamous epithelium. region representing stratified squamous epithelium A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents vermilion of the upper or lower lip. region representing vermilion of lip A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents the epithelium of the mucosa of the mouth. region representing epithelium of mucosa of mouth A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents epidermis. region representing epidermis A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of connective tissue. region representing connective tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents bone tissue, consisting of osteocytes and related cells. region representing bone tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents cartilage tissue. region representing cartilage tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of regular collagen connective tissue. region representing regular collagen connective tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents tissue of a skeletal ligament. region representing tissue of skeletal ligament A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents the tissue of a tendon. region representing tissue of tendon A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents the tissue of an aponeurosis. region representing tissue of aponeurosis A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of muscle tissue. region representing muscle tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents striated muscle tissue. region representing striated muscle tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents cardiac muscle tissue. region representing cardiac muscle tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents skeletal muscle tissue. region representing skeletal muscle tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of neural tissue. region representing neural tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents nerve tissue. region representing nerve tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents spinal cord tissue. region representing spinal cord tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents brain tissue. region representing brain tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of regular connective tissue, meaning the intercellular matrix contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. region representing regular connective tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents some type of irregular connective tissue, meaning the intercellular matrix contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. region representing irregular connective tissue A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents dental pulp. region representing dental pulp A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents an acellular anatomical structure. region representing acellular anatomical structure A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents enamel of tooth. region representing enamel of tooth A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents cementum of tooth. region representing cementum of tooth A region mark role in the domain of anatomy for which the mark represents dentin of tooth. region representing dentin of tooth An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through one or more teeth. planar view of tooth A coronal planar view that depicts the part of a bipedal (human) body that is anterior to the coronal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. frontal-anterior planar view coronal-anterior planar view A coronal planar view that depicts the part of a bipedal (human) body that is posterior to the coronal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. frontal-posterior planar view coronal-posterior planar view A dorsal planar view that depicts the part of a body that is inferior to the dorsal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. This view is relevant only to organisms for which the main body axis is approximately horizontal, such as quadrupeds and fish. horizontal-inferior planar view dorsal-inferior planar view A dorsal planar view that depicts the part of a body that is superior to the dorsal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. This view is relevant only to organisms for which the main body axis is approximately horizontal, such as quadrupeds and fish. horizontal-superior planar view dorsal-superior planar view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a body or body part such that the plane is not parallel to one of the primary body planes. oblique planar view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a body (or its parts) of an organism with an apical-basal axis such that the section corresponds to a plane formed by the apical-basal axis and a medial-radial axis. The section depicted in this view is orthogonal to a transverse plane. This view is typically used to depict a section through the stem of a plant. radial planar view A sagittal planar view that shows a section of a body or body part to the left of the midsagittal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. midsagittal-left planar view A sagittal planar view that shows a section of a body or body part to the right of the midsagittal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. midsagittal-right planar view A sagittal planar view that shows a section of a body or body part to the left of some parasagittal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. parasagittal-left planar view A sagittal planar view that shows a section of a body or body part to the right of some parasagittal plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. parasagittal-right planar view An anatomical planar view that depicts a section through a body (or its parts) that is parallel to the body's apical-basal axis and perpendicular to some radial plane. This view is typically used to depict a section through the stem of a plant, such as the wood of a trunk. tangential planar view A transverse planar view that depicts the part of a body that is anterior to the transverse plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. This view is relevant only to organisms for which the main body axis is approximately horizontal. transverse-anterior planar view A transverse planar view that depicts the part of a bipedal (human) body that is inferior to the transverse plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. transverse-inferior planar view A transverse planar view that depicts the part of a body that is posterior to the transverse plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. This view is relevant only to organisms for which the main body axis is approximately horizontal. transverse-posterior planar view A transverse planar view that depicts the part of a bipedal (human) body that is superior to the transverse plane on which the body or body part was sectioned. transverse-superior planar view An anatomical surface view that depicts the abaxial side of an organism (or its body parts). This view is relevant only if the organism has an adaxial-abaxial axis. This view is along the adaxial-abaxial axis, with the viewer looking toward the abaxial surface. This view is typically used to depict leaves. May also be used to describe fungi that have body plans similar to those of plants. abaxial view An anatomical surface view that depicts the aboral side of a body or its parts. This view is relevant only if the organism has an oral-aboral axis. The view is along the oral-aboral axis, with the viewer looking toward the aboral surface. aboral view An anatomical surface view that depicts the adaxial side of an organism (or its body parts). This view is relevant only if the organism has an adaxial-abaxial axis. This view is along the adaxial-abaxial axis, with the viewer looking toward the adaxial surface. This view is typically used to depict leaves. May also be used to describe fungi that have body plans similar to those of plants. adaxial view An anatomical surface view that depicts a tooth such that the viewer is looking toward the distal surface (the surface distal to the midline of the dental arch). distal view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts one or more teeth such that the viewer is looking toward the buccal surface (the surface adjacent to a cheek). buccal view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts one or more teeth such that the viewer is looking toward the labial surface (the surface adjacent to a lip). labial view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts one or more teeth such that the viewer is positioned inside the mouth looking toward the lingual surface (the surface of the tooth adjacent to the tongue). lingual view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts a tooth such that the viewer is looking toward the mesial surface (the surface proximal to the midline of the dental arch). mesial view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts one or more teeth such that the viewer is looking toward the chewing surface of the tooth. This view applies only to molar and premolar teeth. occlusal view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts the anterior side of a body or its parts. This view is along the anterior-posterior axis, with the viewer positioned anterior to (at the front of) the body. anterior view An anatomical surface view that depicts the inferior side of a skull, brain, head or its parts. The viewer is positioned at the base of the skull and their line of sight is directed toward the top of the head. basilar view basal view An anatomical surface view that depicts the dorsal side of a body or its parts. This view is along the dorsal-ventral axis, with the viewer positioned dorsal to (at the back side of) the body. This view is also relevant to the palmar-dorsal axis of the hand and the plantar-dorsal axis of the foot. dorsal view An anatomical surface view that depicts the inferior side of a body or its parts. This view is along the superior-inferior axis, with the viewer positioned inferior to (at the bottom of) the body. This term is relevant to human anatomy but generally not applied to organisms with a horizontal body axis, such as quadrupeds and fish, which have a dorsal-ventral axis. inferior view A lateral view that depicts the left side of a body or its parts. This is view along the medial-lateral axis, with the viewer positioned at the left side of the body. left lateral view A lateral view that depicts the right side of a body or its parts. This is a view along the medial-lateral axis, with the viewer positioned at the right side of the body. right lateral view An anatomical surface view that depicts mandibular teeth and/or floor of the mouth such that the viewer is positioned superior to the head. This view displays the occlusal (biting) surfaces of the teeth. mandibular occlusal view An anatomical surface view that depicts the maxillary teeth and/or roof of the mouth such that the viewer is positioned inferior to the head. This view displays the occlusal (biting) surfaces of the teeth. maxillary occlusal view An anteroinferior view with the viewer positioned to the left of the midsagittal plane. left anteroinferior view An anteroinferior view with the viewer positioned in the midsagittal plane. midline anteroinferior view An anteroinferior view with the viewer positioned to the right of the midsagittal plane. right anteroinferior view A posteroinferior view with the viewer positioned to the right of the midsagittal plane. right posteroinferior view A posteroinferior view with the viewer positioned in the midsagittal plane. midline posteroinferior view A posteroinferior view with the viewer positioned to the left of the midsagittal plane. left posteroinferior view A posterosuperior view with the viewer positioned to the right of the midsagittal plane. right posterosuperior view A posterosuperior view with the viewer positioned in the midsagittal plane. midline posterosuperior view A posterosuperior view with the viewer positioned to the left of the midsagittal plane. left posterosuperior view An anterosuperior view with the viewer positioned to the right of the midsagittal plane. right anterosuperior view An anterosuperior view with the viewer positioned in the midsagittal plane midline anterosuperior view An anterosuperior view with the viewer positioned to the left of the midsagittal plane. left anterosuperior view An anatomical surface view that depicts the oral side of a body or its parts. This view is relevant only if the organism has an oral-aboral axis. The view is along the oral-aboral axis, with the viewer looking toward the oral surface. oral view An anatomical surface view that depicts the palmar side of a hand or its parts. This is a view along the palmar-dorsal axis, with the viewer positioned palmar to (at the palm side of) the hand. May also be used to refer to non-human structures that are the distal parts of forelimbs, such as a front paw. palmar view An anatomical surface view that depicts the plantar side of a foot or its parts. This is a view along the plantar-dorsal axis, with the viewer positioned plantar to (at the sole side of) the foot. May be used to refer to non-human structures that are the distal parts of hindlimbs, such as a hind paw. plantar view An anatomical surface view that depicts the posterior side of a body or its parts. This is a view along the anterior-posterior axis, with the viewer positioned posterior to (at the rear of) the body. posterior view An anatomical surface view that depicts a head or skull such that the viewer is positioned inferior to the head, with the inferior surface of the lower jaw and/or external nose revealed to the viewer. submental view An anatomical surface view that depicts the superior side of a body or its parts. This is a view along the superior-inferior axis, with the viewer positioned superior to (at the top of) the body. This term is relevant to human anatomy but generally not applied to organisms with a horizontal body axis, such as quadrupeds and fish, which have a dorsal-ventral axis. superior view An anatomical surface view that depicts the ventral side of a body or its parts. This is a view along the dorsal-ventral axis, with the viewer positioned ventral to (at the belly side of) the body. This view is relevant only to organisms for which the main body axis is approximately horizontal, such as quadrupeds and fish. ventral view An anterolateral view with the viewer positioned to right of the body or body part. right anterolateral view An anterolateral view with the viewer positioned to the left of the body or body part. left anterolateral view A posterolateral view with the viewer positioned to the right of the body or body part. right posterolateral view A posterolateral view with the viewer positioned to the left of the body or body part. left posterolateral view An anatomical surface view of the perineal region with the viewer positioned inferior to the pelvis and the subject's thighs abducted. Relevant to bipedal (human) anatomy. perineal view An anatomical surface view that depicts one or more teeth such that the viewer is looking toward the cutting or tearing surface of the tooth. This view applies only to incisors and canine teeth. incisal view of tooth An anatomical planar view of tooth that depicts a section through a tooth that corresponds to a plane parallel to the medial-distal axis and the long axis (crown-root axis) of the tooth. mesodistal planar view of tooth An anatomical planar view of tooth that depicts a section through a tooth that corresponds to a plane parallel to the labio-lingual axis and the long axis (crown-root axis) of the tooth. labiolingual planar view of tooth An anatomical surface view that depicts one or more teeth such that the viewer is looking toward the facial surface (the surface adjacent to a cheek or lip). facial view of tooth An anatomical planar view of tooth that depicts a section through a tooth that corresponds to a plane perpendicular to the long axis (crown-root axis) of the tooth. transverse planar view of tooth An oblique inferior view of an organism with an oral-aboral axis. oblique inferior view of radially symmetric organism An oblique superior view of an organism with an oral-aboral axis. oblique superior view of radially symmetric organism lateral view of radially symmetric organism