Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Really of interest to developers only
BFO CLIF specification label
The user interface label is the label that should be placed on a datum when presented on a form or report
Damion Dooley
user interface label
A user interface feature is a pre-set list of features and their acceptable values that a user interface rendering system should use to display an entity on a form or report
Damion Dooley
user interface feature
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example of usage
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
example of usage
in branch
An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet.
GROUP:OBI
OBI_0000277
in branch
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
OBI_0000281
has curation status
definition
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition
definition
textual definition
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>
editor note
term editor
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
term editor
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
alternative term
definition source
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
PERSON:Daniel Schober
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source
has obsolescence reason
Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification.
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
has obsolescence reason
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
curator note
term tracker item
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
term tracker item
ontology term requester
The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term.
ontology term requester
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
imported from
OBO foundry unique label
An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
PERSON:Chris Mungall
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>
OBO foundry unique label
elucidation
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax
has associated axiom(fol)
term replaced by
Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology
Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
term replaced by
ISA alternative term
An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org).
Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org)
ISA alternative term
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term
An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC).
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term
IEDB alternative term
An alternative term used by the IEDB.
PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters
IEDB
IEDB alternative term
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
temporal interpretation
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an
organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a
Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the
content of the resource.
Contributor
Contributor
Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name
or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label,
date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named
administrative entity).
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic
Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time
periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as
sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The extent or scope of the content of the resource.
Coverage
Coverage
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation,
or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should
be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the content
of the resource.
Creator
Creator
Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or
availability of the resource. Recommended best practice
for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of
ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.
A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the
resource.
Date
Date
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract,
table of contents, reference to a graphical representation
of content or a free-text account of the content.
An account of the content of the resource.
Description
Description
Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of
the resource. Format may be used to determine the software,
hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the
resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration.
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media
Types [MIME] defining computer media formats).
The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.
Format
Format
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means
of a string or number conforming to a formal identification
system.
Example formal identification systems include the Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource
Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the
International Standard Book Number (ISBN).
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Resource Identifier
Resource Identifier
Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066],
which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two-
and three-letter primary language tags with optional
subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English,
"akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the
United Kingdom.
A language of the intellectual content of the resource.
Language
Language
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation,
or a service.
Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to
indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Publisher
Publisher
Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means
of a string or number conforming to a formal identification
system.
A reference to a related resource.
Relation
Relation
Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights
management statement for the resource, or reference
a service providing such information. Rights information
often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),
Copyright, and various Property Rights.
If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made
about the status of these and other rights with respect to
the resource.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Rights Management
Rights Management
The present resource may be derived from the Source resource
in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference
the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a
formal identification system.
A reference to a resource from which the present resource
is derived.
Source
Source
Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords,
key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic
of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select
a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal
classification scheme.
The topic of the content of the resource.
Subject and Keywords
Subject and Keywords
Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is
formally known.
A name given to the resource.
Title
Title
Type includes terms describing general categories, functions,
genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best
practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary
(for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To
describe the physical or digital manifestation of the
resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the content of the resource.
Resource Type
Resource Type
Mark Miller
2018-05-11T13:47:29Z
An image of the item. ,In Protege, this can be a URL.
has broad synonym
database cross reference
has narrow synonym
has synonym
shorthand
label
label
label
label
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
part of
part_of
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
has part
has_part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realized in
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
preceded by
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
preceded by
precedes
precedes
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
occurs in
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
has measurement unit label
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive.
g denotes r =def
r is a portion of reality
there is some c that is a concretization of g
every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
denotes
m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important]
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail.
Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
--
From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009]
unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler.
[We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label]
[Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory]
a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes
describe:
a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b
We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully.
a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
From the second meeting on IAO:
An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording
assay:
process and has_input some material entity
and has_output some information content entity
and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate
outputs that describes the input.
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail.
Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
Alan Ruttenberg
is quality measurement of
relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
is duration of
inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
is quality measured as
provides_service_consumer_with
The provides_service_consumer_with relation links the service to its primary process it provides for the consumer (as opposed to secondary processual parts of a service process such as payment or documentation). For example, a 'DNA sequencing service' provides_service_consumer_with 'DNA sequencing' as the essential process performed by the provider for the client.
A relation between a service and the primary processual part of the service that is performed by the provider for the consumer.
provides_service_consumer_with
is_supported_by_data
The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA.
The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process
OBI
OBI
Philly 2011 workshop
is_supported_by_data
has_specified_input
has_specified_input
see is_input_of example_of_usage
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Larry Hunter
PERSON: Melanie Coutot
has_specified_input
is_specified_input_of
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
is_specified_input_of
has_specified_output
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Larry Hunter
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
has_specified_output
is_specified_output_of
is_specified_output_of
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
is_specified_output_of
is_proxy_for
position on a gel is_proxy_for mass and charge of molecule in an western blot. Florescent intensity is_proxy_for amount of protein labeled with GFP. Examples:
A260/A280 (of a DNA sample) is_proxy_for DNA-purity. NMR Sample scan is a proxy for sample quality.
Within the assay mentioned here: https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
level of radioactivity is_proxy_for level of toxicity
A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within an experiment/ protocol application, measurement of c1 is used to determine what a measurement of c2 would be.
A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within a protocol
application, measurement of c1 is related to a what would be the
measurement of c2.
(another definition)
Alan Ruttenberg
is_proxy_for
achieves_planned_objective
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
BP, AR, PPPB branch
PPPB branch derived
modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
achieves_planned_objective
has grain
the relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car.
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. Definition take from the definition of granular parthood in the cited paper. Needs work to put into standard form
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PAPER: Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Rector, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
has grain
is grain of
A relation between granular parts and the whole of which they are a part. Granular parts have indeterminate number such that removing one granular part does not necessarily damage or diminish the whole.
JAO: Added definition 2013-10-25 based on 'has grain', but both these terms seem problematic.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
is grain of
provisions
A relation between an organisation or person and a material entity, where the organization or person provides or supplies the material entity for others to use
5/11/2020: A prior definition contained reference to transfer of ownership. ("A relation between an organisation or person and a material entity who owned or has license to the material entity and there was a legal transfer of ownership or licensing of the material entity to the current owner"). This was left out as it was hard to read and it was unclear if/how that transfer restricts the relationship.
GROUP: Relations branch
supplies
provisions
has_supplier
A relation between a material entity and an organisation or person who owned or has license to the material entity and there was a legal transfer of ownership or licensing of the material entity to the current owner.
PERSON: Alan Rutternberg
PERSON: Cristian Cocos
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
has_supplier
objective_achieved_by
This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
OBI
OBI
objective_achieved_by
is member of organization
Relating a legal person or organization to an organization in the case where the legal person or organization has a role as member of the organization.
2009/10/01 Alan Ruttenberg. Barry prefers generic is-member-of. Question of what the range should be. For now organization. Is organization a population? Would the same relation be used to record members of a population
JZ: Discussed on May 7, 2012 OBI dev call. Bjoern points out that we need to allow for organizations to be members of organizations. And agreed by the other OBI developers. So, human and organization were specified in 'Domains'. The textual definition was updated based on it.
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Helen Parkinson
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Helen Parkinson
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
is member of organization
has organization member
Relating an organization to a legal person or organization.
See tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3512902&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Person: Jie Zheng
has organization member
specifies value of
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
specifies value of
has value specification
A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
PERSON: James A. Overton
OBI
has value specification
has performer
performer relation covers the need to report on who performed a planned processed. it has to cover processes done by People or Devices (such as a robot controlled by software WF management system)
has performer
process is result of
The production of IFN-gamma by effector T cells is a process result of T cell stimulation through the TCR
is a relationship between a process and a preceding occurrent that directly caused the later one to occur
IEDB
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
process is result of
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
inheres in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
bearer of
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
participates in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
derives from
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
is location of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
location_of
location of
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
located_in
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in
located in
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
2D_boundary_of
boundary of
is 2D boundary of
is boundary of
2D boundary of
my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
has boundary
has_2D_boundary
has 2D boundary
David Osumi-Sutherland
starts_at_end_of
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
David Osumi-Sutherland
ends_at_start_of
meets
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
overlaps
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
in taxon
surrounded by
x surrounded_by y if and only if x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y
surrounded by
adjacent to
move to BFO?
Allen
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporal relation
inverse of starts with
Chris Mungall
Allen
starts
A relationship that holds via some environmental process
evolutionarily related to
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
mereotopologically related to
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
is member of
member part of
SIO
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
SIO
has member
is related to
is related to
has measurement value
has specified numeric value
A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
PERSON: James A. Overton
OBI
has specified numeric value
has specified value
A relation between a value specification and a literal.
This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
OBI
has specified value
Citation
Bibliographic data that uniquely identifies a scientific article, book or other published material.
Citation
Operation
A function that processes a set of inputs and results in a set of outputs, or associates arguments (inputs) with values (outputs).
Operation
Query and retrieval
Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation.
Query and retrieval
Literature search
Query scientific literature, in search for articles, article data, concepts, named entities, or for statistics.
Literature search
Database search
Search a database (or other data resource) with a supplied query and retrieve entries (or parts of entries) that are similar to the query.
Database search
Proteomics
Protein and peptide identification, especially in the study of whole proteomes of organisms.
Proteomics
Genomics
Whole genomes of one or more organisms, or genomes in general, such as meta-information on genomes, genome projects, gene names etc.
Genomics
Metabolomics
The systematic study of metabolites, the chemical processes they are involved, and the chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in a whole cell, tissue, organ or organism.
Metabolomics
Metagenomics
The study of genetic material recovered from environmental samples, and associated environmental data.
Metagenomics
Transcriptomics
The analysis of transcriptomes, or a set of all the RNA molecules in a specific cell, tissue etc.
Transcriptomics
entity
Entity
entity
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
entity
continuant
Continuant
continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
occurrent
Occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
ic
IndependentContinuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
s-region
SpatialRegion
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
t-region
TemporalRegion
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
2d-s-region
TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion
an infinitely thin plane in space.
the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space
A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
(forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
two-dimensional spatial region
st-region
SpatiotemporalRegion
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
spatiotemporal region
process
Process
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
disposition
Disposition
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
realizable
RealizableEntity
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
0d-s-region
ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion
A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
zero-dimensional spatial region
quality
Quality
quality
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
quality
sdc
SpecificallyDependentContinuant
specifically dependent continuant
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
role
Role
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
fiat-object
fiat-object-part
FiatObjectPart
or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
the Western hemisphere of the Earth
the division of the brain into regions
the division of the planet into hemispheres
the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
the upper and lower lobes of the left lung
BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
fiat object
fiat object part
1d-s-region
OneDimensionalSpatialRegion
an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.
A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
one-dimensional spatial region
object-aggregate
ObjectAggregate
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
3d-s-region
ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion
a cube-shaped region of space
a sphere-shaped region of space,
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
three-dimensional spatial region
site
Site
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
object
Object
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
gdc
GenericallyDependentContinuant
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
function
Function
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
p-boundary
ProcessBoundary
the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
process boundary
1d-t-region
OneDimensionalTemporalRegion
the temporal region during which a process occurs.
BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
one-dimensional temporal region
material
MaterialEntity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
cf-boundary
ContinuantFiatBoundary
b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.
BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29
Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists
(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
continuant fiat boundary
immaterial
ImmaterialEntity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
1d-cf-boundary
OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
The Equator
all geopolitical boundaries
all lines of latitude and longitude
the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.
the median sulcus of your tongue
a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
process-profile
ProcessProfile
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
process profile
r-quality
RelationalQuality
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another.
a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another.
b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
relational quality
2d-cf-boundary
TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
0d-cf-boundary
ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
the geographic North Pole
the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.
the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet
zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
0d-t-region
ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
temporal instant.
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
zero-dimensional temporal region
history
History
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
history
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
peptide
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
peptide
glucose
An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
glucose
molecular entity
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
molecular entity
monounsaturated fatty acid
monounsaturated fatty acid
polyunsaturated fatty acid
polyunsaturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid
atom
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
atom
food role
Any material that can be ingested by an organism.
food
nucleic acid
A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid.
nucleic acid
macromolecule
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
polymer
macromolecule
protein
protein
food component
food component
cell
cell
PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .."
A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
cell
cell
cultured cell
A cell in vitro that is or has been maintained or propagated as part of a cell culture.
cultured cell
experimentally modified cell in vitro
A cell in vitro that has undergone physical changes as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure.
experimentally modified cell in vitro
blood total cholesterol level
blood total cholesterol level
blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level
blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level
blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level
blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level
body mass index (BMI)
body mass index (BMI)
food intake measurement
food intake measurement
ethanol drink intake rate
ethanol drink intake rate
A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.
environmental
environmental material
intervention
intervention
anthropometric analysis
anthropometric analysis
foodon ontology data specification
foodon ontology data specification
Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products.
Damion Dooley
Foodon product type
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food
The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations.
food product
meat food product
A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals.
SUBSET_SIREN:F17332
meat food product
plant food product
This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant.
plant food product
seafood product
A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment.
Some of the subclasses are currently freshwater organisms.
Damion Dooley
seafood product
vertebrate animal food product
A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae.
Damion Dooley
vertebrate animal food product
avian egg food product
A food product made from an avian egg.
avian egg food product
A food product made from domesticated bird meat.
Damion Dooley
poultry meat food product
bovine meat food product
bovine meat food product
fungus food product
A food product consisting of an edible fungi or mushroom or yeast.
Damion Dooley
fungus food product
http://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0030-2016
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8684
GRIN:10675
ITIS:22356
MANSFELD:3905
PLANTS:CILA3
http://eol.org/pages/584423
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1391
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai
citrullus lanatus
citrullus vulgaris
colocynthis citrullus
cucurbita citrullus
datiro
edible seed melon
equisi
kaffir melon
momordica lanata
watermelon plant
invertebrate animal food product
invertebrate animal food product
Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked.
prepared
prepared food product
algal food product
This food product type includes food products which are derived from a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms.
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F10419
subset_siren
algal food product
animal lipid food product
fish food product
A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins).
Damion Dooley
fish food product
avian food product
avian food product
dairy food product
A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0242
dairy product
milk product
dairy food product
milk or milk based food product
milk or milk based food product
Any plant food product which, typically, is constituted by intact parts from one or more annual plants cultivated as field and garden crops in the open and under glass, and used almost exclusively for food.
vegetable food product
obsolete: spinach plant
true
egg food product
A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves.
egg food product
A food product from a category of domestic birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers including fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and waterfowls such as domestic ducks and geese and other meat birds such as pigeons and doves and games birds including pheasants.
Damion Dooley
poultry food product
shellfish food product
animal based refined or partially-refined food product
animal based refined or partially-refined food product
animal based salad food product
animal based salad food product
animal fat or oil refined food product
animal fat or oil refined food product
animal product based flavoring or seasoning
animal product based flavoring or seasoning
animal soup food product
animal soup food product
A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component.
food product component
crab food product
crustacean food product
food flavoring or seasoning product
human milk based food product
A langostino food product is a food product encompassing a variety of species of prawn, crayfish or spot lobster depending on which speech community is involking it.
Damion Dooley
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration allows "langostino" to be used as a market name for three species of squat lobster in the family Galatheidae: Cervimunida johni, Munida gregaria, and Pleuroncodes monodon. In Spain, it means some species of prawns. In Cuba and other Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the name langostino is also used to refer to crayfish. In Argentina the name is used to refer to Pleoticus muelleri, a kind of shrimp, while in Chile and Peru it refers to Pleuroncodes monodon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langostino]
2020-01-24T16:30:06Z
langostino food product
mollusk food product
mollusc food product
A food product made from what is generically known as spiny lobster.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiny_lobster
palinurid spiny lobster food product
A food product harvested from underground plant parts.
plant root vegetable food product
refined or partially-refined food product
amphibian or reptile food product
amphibian or reptile food product
salad food product
Damion Dooley notes: We can't say all soups are cooked there are many chilled soup recipes.
soup food product
tuna food product
A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism.
Damion Dooley
food product by organism
Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience
food
foodstuff
nourishment
sustenance
food material
Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods), mollusks (chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses), annelids (earthworms and leeches), and cnidarians (hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals).[wikipedia]
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate
animal
invertebrate animal
A class which contains food product categories qualified by a quality such as granularity or temperature, which is useful for tasks like food inspection where little prior knowledge of how the food came to be is available. Some terms like "food (frozen)" are both a quality descriptor and the output of a process.
Damion Dooley
food product by quality
game animal food product
Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world. In some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, as either "small game" or "large game"
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_(hunting)
game animal food product
A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms.
Damion Dooley
2019-01-23T22:40:32Z
multi-ingredient
The definition of this is being discussed in issue: https://github.com/FoodOntology/foodon/issues/57
Namely, how to characterize the threshold of ingredients that make for multi-component classification? Salt, pepper, spices wouldn't normally make a food multi-component?
multi-component food product
Taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus), also called European cattle, are a subspecies of domesticated cattle originating in the Near East. Both taurine cattle and indicine cattle (zebus) are descended from the aurochs. Taurine cattle were originally considered a distinct species, but are now typically grouped with zebus and aurochs into one species, Bos taurus. Most modern breeds of cattle are taurine cattle.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine_cattle
2019-01-28T02:41:04Z
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5186
taurine cattle
An aquatic invertebrate may live entirely beneath the water, or may live upon its surface or on the plants surrounding it. Some breathe air, others breathe water. To move, they may walk, swim, float, skate, fly or glide on their bellies—or they may not move much at all.
Because snails are members of gastropod, a subclass of molluscs, ... leading to aquatic invertebrates, we can't make aquatic invertebrates disjoint with terrestrial invertebrates.
Damion Dooley
https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/aquatic-invertebrate-facts
2019-04-29T19:23:38Z
aquatic invertebrate
Damion Dooley
2019-05-21T22:37:06Z
Aves
avian
bird
avian animal
A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil
Damion Dooley
2019-06-11T09:18:41Z
fats and oils
oils and fats
lipid food product
animal tissue
Damion Dooley
2019-06-26T22:21:52Z
animal tissue
Scallions (also known as green onions, spring onions, or salad onions) are vegetables of various Allium onion species.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallion
2019-06-27T19:33:30Z
green onion
salad onion
spring onion
scallion food product
A Scad fish is any of several species of fishes in the family Carangidae (order Perciformes), which also includes the jacks, amberjacks, and pompanos. The name scad is usually restricted to certain species in the genera Decapterus, Selar, and Trachurus. The half dozen species are marine and occur along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, except for the Mexican scad (D. scombrinus), which is found in the Pacific Ocean.[Encyclopedia Britannica, December 05, 2017; accessed August 09, 2019]
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T16:12:10Z
scad
Yellowtail is a confusing name, as it can apply to flounder, tuna and sole. It’s also the common name for several species of amberjack, sleek migratory tuna-like fish found off both U.S. coasts. The most valuable member of this family is the yellowtail farmed in Japan and featured in U.S. sushi bars under the name hamachi
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T18:54:07Z
yellowtail
yellowtail fish
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Its different types are variously known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea, chana, and chole.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T21:21:05Z
chickpea plant
A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia.
2019-08-14T18:02:36Z
animal
Malus is a genus of about 30–55 species[3] of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple (M. pumila syn. M. domestica) – also known as the eating apple, cooking apple, or culinary apple. The other species are commonly known as crabapples, crab apples, crabtrees or wild apples
2019-08-25T15:37:56Z
Malus group
vegetarian food product
A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine
2019-09-11T21:12:43Z
vegetarian food
vegetarian food product
2019-11-15T20:12:48Z
hen
In the United States, a langostino lobster food product is legislated to refer to one of three species of squat lobster in the family Galatheidae: Cervimunida johni, Munida gregaria, and Pleuroncodes monodon.
2020-01-24T16:30:06Z
langostino lobster product (sensu USA)
2020-09-09T19:28:43Z
Maize plant
2021-02-11T06:23:55Z
scallion (whole)
animal-derived food
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F2001
subset_siren
animal-derived food
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F2008
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151)
* has quality 'not heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440003)
* derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174)
vegetable (raw)
human milk (raw)
Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F3918
subset_siren
human milk (raw)
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F11126
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* has quality 'not heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440003)
food (raw)
A raw scallion is a scallion plant possibly with root removed and leaves trimmed
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CSA-Red-Spring-Onions.jpg/320px-CSA-Red-Spring-Onions.jpg
SUBSET_SIREN:F11340
green onion
scallion
spring onion
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* has quality 'whole, natural shape' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430150)
* has quality 'not heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440003)
* derives from 'whole plant or most parts used' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420150)
scallion (whole, raw)
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F11737
subset_siren
processed food product
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F15150
subset_siren
mammalian milk product
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F16579
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174)
multi-component plant food product
A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0139
compartmentalized dinner
dinner with components separated in serving containers
dinner, compartmentalized
food packs with separate components
heat and serve dinner
multiple-course dinner
tv dinner
multicomponent meal (us cfr)
Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from mammals. Used for meat in all forms including cured meat, sausage or luncheon meat and meat product analogs.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0150
meat or meat product (from mammal) (us cfr)
Vegetables in all forms except where a use-related product type descriptior (such as *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT* or *SNACK FOOD*) takes precedence.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0152
vegetable or vegetable product (us cfr)
Products of the flesh of animals. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0217
meat, poultry, seafood or related product (us cfr)
Flesh from fish or shellfish. Includes seafood product analogs and seafood-based sausage or luncheon meat as well as such products as squid ink and clam juice.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0267
seafood or seafood product (us cfr)
Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from poultry. Used for poultry meat in all forms including poultry product analogs and poultry-based sausage or luncheon meat.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0273
poultry or poultry product (us cfr)
Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1270
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type
https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=87f720ce0d0b6c4548f4bbfd1f8e4c3d&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title21/21chapterI.tpl
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1001
pea plant edible seed cultivars
*Archaeogastropoda* (also known as *Aspidobranchia*) was a taxonomic order of sea snails used in older classifications of gastropods, i.e. snails and slugs. *Archeogastropoda* are marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks, mainly mainly herbivores, typically having two gills and a double-chambered heart, with the eggs and sperm discharged directly into the water. They were traditionally regarded as a relatively primitive group.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogastropoda]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1002
aspidobranchia
archaeogastropod
obsolete: southern bluefin tuna
true
obsolete: longtail tuna
true
Examples of stem vegetables are kohlrabi, celery, fennel and rhubarb. Examples of shoot vegetables are asparagus, hop, bamboo shoots and taugé.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1005
shoot vegetable
stem or spear vegetable
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1006
fruit used as vegetable
Having a skeleton made up mainly of cartilage, as any of a class (Chondrichthyes) of fishes (cartilaginous fish), including sharks, rays, and skates (Source: Webster's).
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2774522
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1007
chondrichthyes
fish, cartilaginous
*Mesogastropoda* was for many years a traditional taxonomic group of snails, an order. The order was composed mostly of sea snails, but it also included some land snails and freshwater snails, all of which were prosobranch gastropod mollusks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesogastropoda]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2441
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1008
mesogastropod
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1009
polysaccharide-producing plant
*Neogastropoda* is a taxonomic order of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. *Neogastropoda* includes many well-known gastropods including the cone snails, conchs, mud snails, olive snails, oyster drills, tulip shells, and whelks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogastropoda]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1010
neogastropoda
neogastropod
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1011
pectin-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1012
sugar-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1013
plant used for producing extract or concentrate
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1014
gum-producing plant
hemicellulose-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1015
fiber-producing plant
cellulose-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1016
starch-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1017
oil-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1018
vegetable-producing plant, root, tuber or bulb
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4267
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1019
alpine cranberry
cowberry
vaccinium vitis-idaea
lingonberry plant
Acipenseriformes is an order of basal ray-finned fishes that includes the sturgeons and paddlefishes, as well as some extinct families. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseriformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1020
acipenseriformes
aciperseriformes
fish, acipenseriform
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in the water for most or all of its lifetime.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1021
This is equivalent to:
'fish (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)' or 'crustacean (food source)' or 'echinoderm (food source)' or 'coelenterate (food source)'
However, this disjunction appears to be a burden on reasoners, and so this is currently not implemented.
fish or lower water animal
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1022
tropical or subtropical nut producing plant
A flatfish is a member of the order Pleuronectiformes of ray-finned demersal fishes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward, and others face either side upward. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatfish]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5168
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1023
flat-fish
flat-fishes
flatfish
flatfish, flounder
flounders
pleuronectiformes
fish, pleuronectiform
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1024
tropical or subtropical fruit producing plant
A family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and West and Central Pacific Ocean. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5169
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1025
soleidae
true sole
sole family
obsolete: chinese waterchestnut plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1027
great northern bean plant
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:OIF
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1030
Soletellina diphos (Linnaeus 1771)
hiatula diphos
purple clam
soletellina diphos
diphos sanguin
http://langual.org
GRIN:319442
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1031
chinese pea
edible-podded pea
mangetout pea
sugar pod garden pea
The name mangetout (French for "eat all") can apply both to snow peas and to snap peas.[Wikipedia]
pea plant edible pod cultivars
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1033
agar-agar
agar plant
obsolete: pacific ocean perch
true
obsolete: pacific littleneck clam
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1036
floret used as vegetable
obsolete: northern horse mussel
true
obsolete: jerusalem artichoke plant
true
obsolete: tonka bean plant
true
The *Ictaluridae*, sometimes called ictalurids, are a family of catfish native to North America, where they are important food fish and sometimes as a sport fish. The family includes about 51 species, some commonly known as bullheads, madtoms, channel catfish, and blue catfish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictaluridae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5099
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1040
ictaluridae
bullhead catfish family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1042
pea plant, smooth wrinkled crosses
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24776
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1043
scomber spp.
mackerel
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24016
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1044
caranx spp.
jack
The sultana grape is cultivated in the United States under the name Thompson Seedless, named after William Thompson, a viticulturist who was an early grower in California and is sometimes credited with the variety's introduction.
WIKIPEDIA:Thompson_Seedless
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1045
sultana grape plant
Vitis vinifera L.
thompson seedless grape plant
obsolete: california mussel
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1047
grain or seed-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1048
carbohydrate-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1049
protein-producing plant
obsolete: sea scallop
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8122
GRIN:319636
MANSFELD:23998
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1051
Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
brassica pekinensis
brassica rapa var. pekinensis
celery cabbage
chinese cabbage
heading chinese cabbage
napa
napa cabbage
pe-tsai cabbage
shantung cabbage
chinese or celery cabbage plant
*Prunus cerasus* (sour cherry, tart cherry, or dwarf cherry) is a species of *Prunus* in the subgenus *Cerasus* (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia. It is closely related to the sweet cherry (Prunus avium), but has a fruit that is more acidic. There are several varieties of the sour cherry: the dark-red morello cherry and the lighter-red varieties including the amarelle cherry, and the popular Montmorency cherry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_cerasus]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12268
GRIN:29866
ITIS:24773
MANSFELD:9206
PLANTS:PRCE
http://eol.org/pages/242597
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1052
Cerasus vulgaris Mill.
Prunus cerasus L.
acid cherry
morello cherry
prunus cerasus
tart cherry
sour cherry plant
obsolete: blue ring octopus
true
obsolete: red currant plant
true
The Valencia Orange is a sweet orange first hybridized by California pioneer agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill, on his farm in Santa Ana, United States.
WIKIPEDIA:Valencia_orange
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8703
GRIN:10782
ITIS:28889
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1056
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
california valencia orange plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1057
vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1058
vegetable-producing plant, most parts
Shellfish is a food source and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found in freshwater. In addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example *Cardisoma guanhumi* in the Caribbean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1059
This is equivalent to:
'crustacean (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)'
However, this has not been implemented due to reasoner performance on FoodOn.
shellfish or crustacean
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11805
GRIN:27632
GRIN:312013
ITIS:26857
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
http://eol.org/pages/645324
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1060
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
bush bean plant
pole bean plant
phaseolus vulgaris, edible pod cultivar (plant)
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11805
GRIN:27632
GRIN:312013
ITIS:26857
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
http://eol.org/pages/645324
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1061
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
black bean (phaseolus)
phaseolus vulgaris, edible seed cultivar (plant)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1062
temperate-zone nut producing plant
A boysenberry is a cross between a European Raspberry (*Rubus idaeus*), a Common Blackberry (*Rubus fruticosus*), and a Loganberry (*Rubus × loganobaccus*) .
WIKIPEDIA:Boysenberry
http://langual.org
GRIN:104968
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1063
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
rubus hybr.
rubus loganobaccus x laciniatus x idaeus
rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. boysen
boysenberry plant
Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in two closely related genera in the family *Ericaceae: Gaylussacia* and *Vaccinium*. While some *Vaccinium* species, such as the Red Huckleberry, are always called huckleberries, other species may be called blueberries or huckleberries depending upon local custom. Similar Vaccinium species in Europe are called bilberries. Berries range in color according to species from bright red, through dark purple, and into the blues. In taste the berries range from tart to sweet, with a flavor similar to that of a blueberry, especially in blue/purple colored varieties. [Wikipedia : ]
WIKIPEDIA:Huckleberries
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1064
gaylussacia spp.
vaccinium spp.
huckleberry plant
obsolete: butter clam
true
A lime is a hybrid citrus fruit, which is typically round, lime green, 3-6 centimetres (1.2-2.4 in) in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles. There are several species of citrus trees whose fruits are called limes, including the Key lime (*Citrus aurantifolia*), Persian lime, kaffir lime, and desert lime. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C, sour and are often used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. They are grown year-round. Plants with fruit called "limes" have diverse genetic origins; limes do not form a monophyletic group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(fruit)]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8687
GRIN:10683
ITIS:506403
MANSFELD:7576
PLANTS:CIAU7
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1067
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. & Panz.) Swingle
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle
Citrus ×aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (pro sp.)
citrus aurantiifolia
citrus medica var. acida
indian lime
key lime
sour lime
lime (citrus) plant
obsolete: northern quahog
true
obsolete: bigeye tuna
true
obsolete: blackfin tuna
true
obsolete: black walnut tree
true
The sultana (also called the sultanina) is a type of white, seedless grape assumed to originate from the Turkish, Greek, or Iranian area.
Unprocessed sultanas must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) *Vitis vinifera* L. Apyrena.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Sultana_(grape)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1072
Vitis vinifera L.
sultana
sultana grape plant
obsolete: yellowfin tuna
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/15276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1075
marine crayfish
palinurus spp.
palinurid spiny lobster
obsolete: european bittersweet plant
true
obsolete: brook trout
true
"Slicing" or "globe" tomatoes are the usual tomatoes of commerce, used for a wide variety of processing and fresh eating.
PLANTS:SOLY2
globe tomato plant
obsolete: durum wheat plant
true
*Penaeidae* is a family of marine crustacean in the suborder *Dendrobranchiata*, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawn. It contains many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp, Atlantic white shrimp and Indian prawn. Many prawns are the subject of commercial fishery, and farming, both in marine settings, and in freshwater farms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeidae]
WIKIPEDIA:Penaeus
http://langual.org
EC:No 216/2009 DCP
http://eol.org/pages/7184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1081
Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888
Natantia
dendrobranchiata
natantia
natantian decapods
penaeid shrimps
penaeidae
penaeid shrimp family
obsolete: field cress plant
true
A pine is any conifer in the genus *Pinus*, of the family *Pinaceae*. Some species have large seeds, called pine nuts, that are harvested and sold for cooking and baking. The soft, moist, white inner bark (cambium) found clinging to the woody outer bark is edible and very high in vitamins A and C. A tea made by steeping young, green pine needles in boiling water (known as tallstrunt in Sweden) is high in vitamins A and C. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11951
GRIN:300465
PLANTS:PINUS
http://eol.org/pages/6747
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1083
Pinus
Pinus L.
Pinus spp.
pinus
pinus genus tree
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5126
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1084
scorpaenidae
scorpionfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3196
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1085
Ictiobus Rafinesque, 1820
ictiobus spp.
buffalofish
*Sicyonia* is a genus of prawns, placed in its own family, *Sicyoniidae*. It differs from other prawns in that the last three pairs of its pleopods are uniramous, rather than biramous as seen in all other prawns. Sicyonia contains 52 extant species [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicyonia]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1086
rock shrimps
sicyoniidae
sicyoniid shrimp family
obsolete: red snapper
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24767
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1090
jack and horse mackerel
scad and horse mackerels
trachurus spp.
saurel
*Prunus avium*, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry, or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, *Rosaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_avium]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12262
GRIN:29844
ITIS:24770
MANSFELD:9202
PLANTS:PRAV
http://eol.org/pages/231737
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1091
Prunus avium (L.) L.
prunus avium
sweet cherry plant
Brassica juncea, commonly brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard, is a species of mustard plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_juncea#Food
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8096
GRIN:7654
ITIS:23059
MANSFELD:24014
PLANTS:BRJU
http://eol.org/pages/583919
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1092
Chinese mustard
Oriental mustard
brassica juncea
indian mustard
leaf mustard
mustard spinach
vegetable mustard
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
brown mustard
brown mustard plant
obsolete: hanasaki crab
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8104
GRIN:7671
ITIS:530957
MANSFELD:23925
PLANTS:BROLB
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1094
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
brassica oleracea var. botrytis
cauliflower plant
A large rooted white skinned and fleshed variety popular in Belgium and France for forage for animals but also used for human consumption.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1095
belgian carrot plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:524635
ITIS:524636
PLANTS:RUIDI
PLANTS:RUIDS2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1096
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. idaeus
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus L.
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus idaeus var. idaeus L.
american red raspberry
european red raspberry
rubus idaeus
western red raspberry
red raspberry plant
obsolete: pot marjoram plant
true
obsolete: brown rock shrimp
true
obsolete: black snapper
true
The black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean or goat pea, a legume, is a subspecies of the cowpea, grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-eyed_pea]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13842
GRIN:41647
ITIS:27018
PLANTS:VIUN
http://eol.org/pages/655178
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1100
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
black-eyed bean
blackeyed bean
goat pea
southern pea
vigna unguiculata unguiculata
blackeyed pea plant
obsolete: bitter melon plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:12571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1102
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.
casaba melon plant
obsolete: sand seatrout
true
obsolete: sweet potato plant
true
Pear tomato or teardrop tomato is the common name for any one in a group of indeterminate heirloom tomatoes. It originated in Europe in the 1700s. There are yellow, orange, and red varieties of this tomato; the yellow variety being most common. They are generally sweet, and are in the shape of a pear, but smaller.
Pear tomatoes are commonly eaten raw, but can also be used as a garnish, as an ingredient in many different dishes and sauces, or in drinks.
WIKIPEDIA:Pear_tomato
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1107
italian tomato
lycopersicon lycopersicum var. pyriforme
pear tomato plant
obsolete: cherry salmon
true
obsolete: rainbow trout
true
obsolete: adzuki bean plant
true
obsolete: spotted tunny
true
obsolete: black skipjack
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1113
kidney bean plant
http://langual.org
savory
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1114
winter savory
satureja montana
winter savory plant
obsolete: chum salmon
true
obsolete: pink salmon
true
obsolete: coho salmon
true
obsolete: lake herring
true
The family *Pandalidae* is a taxon of caridean shrimp. These species are commonly called pandalid shrimp. They are edible and have high economic value. They are characterised by the subdivided carpus of the second pereiopod and, mainly, by the lack of the chelae (claws) on the first pereiopod. This is a cold-water family, and their representation in tropical areas is made by deep-sea shrimp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandalidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7176
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1119
pandalid shrimps
pandalid shrimps nei
pandalidae
pink shrimps
pandalid shrimp family
obsolete: bluefin tuna
true
*Rubus* is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, subfamily *Rosoideae*, with 250-700 species. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term "cane fruit" (or "cane-fruit") applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/30108
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1121
rubus spp.
bramble berry plant
A mammal that is primarily ocean-dwelling or depends on the ocean for its food.
WIKIPEDIA:Marine_mammal
http://langual.org
Mammals originally evolved on land, but later marine mammals evolved to live back in the ocean. There are five groups of marine mammals: (1) Order Sirenia: the manatee, dugong, and sea cow. (2) Order Carnivora, family Ursidae: the polar bear. (3) Order Carnivora, infrafamily Pinnipedia: the seal, sea lion, and walrus. (4) Order Carnivora, family Mustelidae: the Sea Otter and Marine Otter. (5) Order Cetacea: the whale, dolphin, and porpoise.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1122
cetacea
marine mammal
http://langual.org
savory
GRIN:33176
MANSFELD:16404
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1123
satureja hortensis
summer savory
Satureja hortensis L.
summer savory plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1124
clupeidae
herring family
Guineafowl are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7592
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1125
original fowl
pet speckled hen
guinea hen
numididae
guinea fowl
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24383
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1126
oncorhynchus
salmon, pacific
pacific salmon
obsolete: black mustard plant
true
obsolete: sockeye salmon
true
*Salmonidae* is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, which collectively are known as the salmonids. The Atlantic salmon and trout of the genus *Salmo* give the family and order their names. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1129
salmonidae
trout and salmon family
obsolete: english walnut tree
true
obsolete: english sole
true
obsolete: chinook salmon
true
Persian melon, binomial name *Cucumis melo*, is a type of melon. It is orange in color and has a strongly netted, unridged rind. It is also known as the "Patelquat".
WIKIPEDIA:Persian_melon
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1133
persian melon plant
Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1134
mammal
Numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1135
freshwater snails
marine snails
sea snails
water snail
Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae
http://langual.org
In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. [Wikipedia]
ITIS:180722
MSW3:14200054
http://eol.org/pages/328663
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1136
porcine
sus domesticus
sus scrofa
sus scrofa domesticus
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
hog
pig
swine
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1137
merluccius productus
pacific hake
pacific whiting
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8897
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1138
Squatina Duméril, 1806
squatina spp.
angel shark genus
Rutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, is a family of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.
Citrus is a common term and genus (*Citrus*) of flowering plants in the rue family, *Rutaceae*. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar (Burma) and the Yunnan province of China. Citrus fruit has been cultivated in an ever-widening area since ancient times; the best-known examples are the oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes.
WIKIPEDIA:Rutaceae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1139
rutaceae
citrus family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1140
fruit-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1141
white pepper
white pepper plant
Aquatic animals other than fish and shellfish
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1142
aquatic invertebrate animal (excluding shellfish)
obsolete: northern pike
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8245
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1144
cheilopogon spp.
cypselurus spp.
exocoetus spp.
hirundichthys spp.
parexocoetus spp.
flyingfish
* Ocimum minimum* is a species of plant in the *Lamiaceae* family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_minimum]
http://langual.org
GRIN:70463
http://eol.org/pages/4302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1145
Ocimum minimum L.
dwarf basil
ocimum minimum
bush basil
http://langual.org
GRIN:4234
MANSFELD:23561
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1146
Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
armoracia lapathifolia
horseradish plant
obsolete: american shad
true
obsolete: white mustard plant
true
obsolete: northern white shrimp
true
obsolete: malabar nightshade plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1151
white popcorn plant
obsolete: white perch
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1063
FAO ASFIS:REG
http://eol.org/pages/5126
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1153
Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
golden redfish
norway haddock
ocean perch
rockfish (ocean perch)
sebastes marinus
redfish or ocean perch
*Trichiurus* is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family *Trichiuridae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlassfish]
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:440901
http://eol.org/pages/5194
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1154
Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758
Trichiurus spp.
hairtail fish
trichiurus spp.
cutlassfish
The *Ariidae* or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5115
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1155
ariidae
sea catfish family
A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family *Fabaceae* (or *Leguminosae*). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1156
fabaceae
pod or seed vegetable plant
Gadiformes are an order of ray-finned fish, also called the Anacanthini, that includes the cod and its allies. Many major food fish are in this order. They are found in marine waters throughout the world and the vast majority of the species are found in temperate or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water). A few species may enter estuaries but only one, the burbot (*Lota lota*), is a freshwater fish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5496
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1157
gadiformes
fish, gadiform
obsolete: sweet basil plant
true
*Ribes* is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually treated as the only genus in the family *Grossulariaceae*. Seven subgenera are recognized.
WIKIPEDIA:Ribes
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38348
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1159
ribes spp.
ribes berry plant
http://langual.org
obsolete: cattle
true
obsolete: pomegranate plant
true
*Palaemonidae* is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Two subfamilies are distinguished: *Palaemoninae* and *Pontoniinae*. *Palaemoninae* are mainly carnivores that eat small invertebrates and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. The most significant genus is *Macrobrachium*, which contains commercially fished species. *Pontoniinae* inhabit coral reefs [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonidae]
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1236
http://eol.org/pages/7171
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1163
Palaemonidae
freshwater prawns
freshwater shrimps
palaemonid shrimps
palaemonidae
palaemonid shrimp family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1164
agnatha
fish, jawless
obsolete: muskellunge
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:665
FAO ASFIS:HOM
ITIS:168588
http://eol.org/pages/206048
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1166
Trachurus trachurus
Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
scad
trachurus trachurus
atlantic horse mackerel
http://langual.org
GRIN:1227
MANSFELD:7306
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1167
Acer saccharum Marsh.
sugar maple plant
obsolete: gray snapper
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1169
green olive plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1170
black olive plant
Turnip greens = turnip tops = turnip salad = Hanover greens.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8123
GRIN:7687
ITIS:23063
PLANTS:BRRA
http://eol.org/pages/583898
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1171
brassica rapa var. perviridis
hanover greens
turnip greens
turnip tops
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey
turnip salad
turnip greens plant
obsolete: garbanzo bean plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:36628
MANSFELD:16336
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1173
Thymus serpyllum L.
thymus serpyllum
thyme, wild (plant)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1174
edible seed producing plant
A green leafy vegetable
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8007
GRIN:7057
MANSFELD:276
PLANTS:BEVUC
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1175
Beta vulgaris L. ssp. cicla (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla (L.) Koch
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
beta vulgaris var. cicla
leaf beet
mangold
silver beet
spinach beet
swiss chard
chard plant
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to south and southwest Asia.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1176
kalojeere
kalonji
nigella
black caraway
black cumin
nigella sativa
nutmeg flower
roman coriander
black cumin plant
obsolete: yellow perch
true
The Muscat variety of grapes of the species *Vitis vinifera* is widely grown for wine, raisins and table grapes.
Unprocessed dried muscatel grapes must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) Vitis vinifera L. muscatel.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Muscat_grape
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1178
Vitis vinifera L.
muscat grape
muscat grape plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1179
flavor-producing plant
herb-producing plant
spice or flavor-producing plant
obsolete: dungeness crab
true
obsolete: yam, tropical (plant)
true
obsolete: southern tanner crab
true
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flock_of_sheep.jpg/316px-Flock_of_sheep.jpg
http://eol.org/pages/39510
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1183
mutton (meat)
ovis spp.
sheep
The *Moronidae* are a family of perciform fishes, commonly called the temperate basses, consisting of at least six freshwater, brackish water, and marine species. The members of this family are most commonly found near the coastal regions of eastern North America (including the Gulf of Mexico), northern Africa, and Europe. The family includes the genera *Morone* and *Dicentrarchus*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moronidae]
The members of the family *Percichthyidae* are known as the temperate perches. They belong to the order Perciformes, the perch-like fishes. Almost 40 species of percichthyids are now recognised, grouped in 10 genera. Most but not all are exclusively freshwater fishes. They are mainly found in Australia, but species are also found in southern South America (Percichthys) and eastern Asia (Coreoperca and Siniperca).
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_perch]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1184
moronidae
percichthyidae
temperate bass families
In the United Kingdom and the United States, "butter beans" refers to either dried beans which can be purchased to rehydrate, or the canned variety which are ready to use. In culinary use there, lima beans and butter beans are distinct, the latter being large and yellow, the former small and green. In areas where both are considered to be lima beans, the green variety may be labelled as "baby" (and less commonly "junior") limas. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11804
GRIN:27591
ITIS:26850
MANSFELD:27587
PLANTS:PHLU2
http://eol.org/pages/645300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1185
Phaseolus lunatus L.
baby lima bean plant
Also known as borlotti bean in Italy, the cranberry bean has a large, knobby beige pod splotched with red. The beans inside are cream-colored with red streaks and have a delicious nutlike flavor. Cranberry beans must be shelled before cooking. Heat diminishes their beautiful red color. They're available fresh in the summer and dried throughout the year.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1186
borlotti bean
shell bean
shellout
phaseolus vulgaris
cranberry bean plant
obsolete: white seabass
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1188
cusparia trifoliata
galipea officinalis
angostura tree
Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several squash species within the genus Cucurbita. It differs from summer squash in that it is harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage when the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this fruit can be stored for use during the winter.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1189
curcurbita
winter squash
Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita pepo
cucurbita maxima
winter squash plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:12606
MANSFELD:4153
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1190
Cucurbita pepo L.
cucurbita pepo
yellow crookneck squash
yellow squash
summer squash plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:28589
MANSFELD:9964
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1191
Piper nigrum L.
black pepper
malabar black pepper
black pepper plant
obsolete: black currant plant
true
Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange refers to a citrus tree (*Citrus × aurantium*) and its fruit.
Many varieties of bitter orange are used for their essential oil, and are found in perfume, used as a flavoring or as a solvent. The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_orange]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8688
GRIN:10684
ITIS:28884
MANSFELD:7658
PLANTS:CIAU8
PLANTS:CIAUA
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1193
Citrus aurantium L.
Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium
Citrus ×aurantium L. (pro sp.)
Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. aurantium
bigarade
bitter orange
citrus aurantium
citrus aurantium var. aurantium
citrus vulgaris
seville orange
sour orange plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1194
head vegetable
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25511
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1195
dogfish shark
spurdog
squalus spp.
spiny dogfish
Cultivated cowpeas are known by the common names black-eyed pea, southern pea, yardlong bean, catjang, and crowder pea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea]
http://langual.org
GRIN:300675
ITIS:27018
PLANTS:VIUN
http://eol.org/pages/655178
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1196
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
vigna unguiculata
crowder pea plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:21664
MANSFELD:15206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1197
Laurus nobilis L.
bay laurel leaf
bay leaf
laurel
laurus nobilis
bay plant
A chicken younger than 10 weeks old (previously younger than 13 weeks), of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and flexible breastbone cartilage.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1198
broiler
broiler chicken
fryer chicken
broiler or fryer chicken
Thyme is an aromatic perennial evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The most common variety is *Thymus vulgaris*. Thyme is of the genus Thymus of the mint family (*Lamiaceae*), and a relative of the oregano genus *Origanum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyme]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13523
GRIN:311993
GRIN:36631
MANSFELD:16318
PLANTS:THYMU
http://eol.org/pages/4302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1199
Thymus
Thymus L.
Thymus spp.
Thymus vulgaris L.
thyme, common
thyme, white
thymus spp
thymus vulgaris
thyme plant
The cowpea (*Vigna unguiculata*) is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus *Vigna. Due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall it is an important crop in the semi-arid regions across Africa and other countries. It requires very few inputs, as the plants root nodules are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it a valuable crop for resource poor farmers and well-suited to intercropping with other crops. The whole plant is used as forage for animals, with its use as cattle feed likely responsible for its name. Four subspecies of cowpea are recognised, of which three are cultivated. Cultivated cowpeas are known by the common names black-eyed pea, southern pea, yardlong bean, catjang, and crowder pea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea]
http://langual.org
GRIN:300675
GRIN:41647
ITIS:27018
MANSFELD:27303
PLANTS:VIUN
http://eol.org/pages/655178
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1200
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. unguiculata
vigna sinensis
vigna unguiculata
cowpea plant
A dairy cow is an adult female member of a dairy cattle breed
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1201
cow
domesticated cattle
dairy cow
obsolete: pawpaw plant
true
obsolete: dove
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/99403
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1204
aplodinotus spp.
river drum
thunderpumper
freshwater drum genus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2351
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1205
calamari
loliginidae
squid
A plum is a fruit of the subgenus *Prunus* of the genus *Prunus*. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc.) in the shoots having terminal bud and solitary side buds (not clustered), the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum
http://langual.org
GRIN:29888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1206
Prunus domestica L.
plum plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1208
squash plant
obsolete: date plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:5113
MANSFELD:13652
PLANTS:GOSSY
http://eol.org/pages/61160
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1210
Gossypium L.
gossypium spp.
cotton plant
obsolete: citron plant
true
obsolete: lychee plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1213
nut producing plant
obsolete: nutmeg plant
true
obsolete: lotus plant
true
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Potato_plants.jpg/640px-Potato_plants.jpg
GRIN:103137
ITIS:505272
MANSFELD:5808
PLANTS:SOSU
http://eol.org/pages/482935
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1218
Solanum tuberosum L.
irish potato
solanum tuberosum
white potato
potato plant
obsolete: common oat plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1220
Insecta
insecta
insect
obsolete: cashew plant
true
Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1222
fish
Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats. These groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams, which are often more or less rounded or oval.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussel
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/CornishMussels.JPG/640px-CornishMussels.JPG
palaeoheterodonta
pteriomorphia
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1223
mytilidae
mussel
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape.
True oysters are members of the family *Ostreidae*. This family includes the edible oysters, which mainly belong to the genera *Ostrea, Crassostrea, Ostreola, Magallana, Saccostrea*. Pearl oysters are not closely related to true oysters, being members of a distinct family, the feathered oysters (*Pteriidae*).
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2267
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1224
ostreidae
crassostrea spp.
ostrea spp.
pteriidae
oyster
A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus *Rosa*, in the family *Rosaceae*, or the flower it bears. There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12605
GRIN:300516
PLANTS:ROSA5
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1225
Rosa
Rosa L.
Rosa spp.
rosa
rosaceae
rosae
rose plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13063
GRIN:33749
ITIS:505186
MANSFELD:10138
PLANTS:SEOR4
http://eol.org/pages/4428
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1226
simsim
Sesamum indicum L.
Sesamum orientale L.
sesamum indicum
sesamum orientale
sesame plant
The carrot (*Daucus carota* subsp. *sativus*) is a root vegetable, usually orange, purple, red, white, or yellow in colour, with a crisp texture when fresh. The edible part of a carrot is a taproot. It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot *Daucus carota*, native to Europe and southwestern Asia. It has been bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot, but is still the same species. [Wikipedia]
\n\n*Daucus carota* (common names include wild carrot, (UK) bird's nest, bishop's lace, and (US) Queen Anne's lace) is a flowering plant in the family *Apiaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, southwest Asia and naturalised to northeast North America; domesticated carrots are cultivars of a subspecies, *Daucus carota* subsp. *sativus*. Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young, but quickly becomes too woody to consume. [Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
daucus carota
GRIN:13337
GRIN:300172
GRIN:446682
ITIS:29477
ITIS:524845
ITIS:524846
MANSFELD:1080
http://eol.org/pages/581785
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1227
baby carrot plant
bird's nest
queen anne's lace
wild carrot plant
Daucus L.
Daucus carota L.
Daucus carota L. subsp. carota
Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Daucus carota ssp. carota L.
Daucus carota ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
LanguaL curation note: Use for both wild and domesticated (garden) carrot. The is some disagreement concerning the scientific name.
carrot plant
obsolete: common carp
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:180691
MSW3:14100015
http://eol.org/pages/328648
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1229
Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758
equus caballus
horse
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10323
GRIN:317403
ITIS:40874
MANSFELD:33890
PLANTS:HOVU
http://eol.org/pages/1114455
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1230
Hordeum vulgare L.
hordeum vulgare
barley plant
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Berries are typically juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.
The scientific usage of the term "berry" differs from common usage. In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). The definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas. Fruits excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits, and mulberries, which are multiple fruits. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1231
berry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13973
GRIN:311987
ITIS:42269
MANSFELD:36372
PLANTS:ZEMA
http://eol.org/pages/1115259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1232
Zea mays L.
Zea mays subsp. mays
maize
zea mays
LanguaL curation note: Use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereals or snack foods having 'corn' as the main ingredient.
Zia mays plant
obsolete: garlic plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25595
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1234
calamus spp.
porgy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:200
FAO ASFIS:SPR
ITIS:161789
http://eol.org/pages/607993
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1235
Sprattus sprattus
Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sprattus sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
clupea sprattus
european sprat
sprattus sprattus
sprat
The turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris, which is native to the Americas. Males of both turkey species have a distinctive fleshy wattle or protuberance that hangs from the top of the beak (called a snood). They are among the largest birds in their ranges. As in many galliformes, the male is larger and much more colorful than the female.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/18523
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1236
turkey
meleagris spp.
turkey (bird)
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2602479
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1237
caridea
crangonidae
palaemondidae
penaeidae
prawn
shrimp
http://langual.org
GRIN:316592
MANSFELD:23971
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1238
Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa
brassica rapa var. rapifera
turnip plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25872
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1239
opisthonema spp.
thread herring
obsolete: turbot
true
obsolete: okra plant
true
Turtles are reptiles of the order *Testudines* (the crown group of the superorder *Chelonia*), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield.Species of the zoological order *Chelonia*.
WIKIPEDIA:Turtle
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8120
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1242
chelonia
malaclemys
terrapin
testudines
turtle
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25445
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1243
istiophorus spp.
makaira spp.
tetrapturus spp.
marlin
obsolete: loquat plant
true
An apple tree (Malus pumila species in genus Malus), is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, providing sweet, edible fruit. Malus pumila encompasses over 7,500 apple cultivars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11049
GRIN:104681
MANSFELD:8860
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1245
Malus domestica Borkh.
malus communis
malus domestica
pyrus malus
Malus pumila encompasses over 7,500 apple cultivars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars).
apple tree
Capparis spinosa, the caper bush, also called Flinders rose, is a perennial plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers. The plant is best known for the edible flower buds (capers), often used as a seasoning, and the fruit (caper berries), both of which are usually consumed pickled.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:8897
MANSFELD:24347
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1247
Capparis spinosa L.
capparis spinosa
caper plant
Rapeseed (*Brassica napus*), also known as rape, oilseed rape, charlock (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family *Brassicaceae* (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed]
http://langual.org
GRIN:311781
MANSFELD:24078
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1248
brassica napus
rape plant
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg. var. napus
canola
canola plant
oilseed rape plant
rapeseed plant
obsolete: papaya plant
true
The taxonomies given vary widely.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1250
capsicum
capsicum annuum
green or red pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2822835
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1251
tetraoninae
grouse
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order *Anura*. The use of the common names "frog" and "toad" has no taxonomic justification. From a classification perspective, all members of the order *Anura* are frogs, but only members of the family *Bufonidae* are considered "true toads". The use of the term "frog" in common names usually refers to species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic and have smooth, moist skins; the term "toad" generally refers to species that are terrestrial with dry, warty skins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1553
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1252
anura
rana catesbiana
rana esculenta
rana japonica
rana nigromaculata
rana pipiens
rana sylvatica
ranidae
salientia
toad
frog
Geese are waterfowl belonging to the tribe Anserini of the family *Anatidae*. This tribe comprises the genera *Anser* (the grey geese), *Branta* (the black geese) and *Chen* (the white geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the shelducks, have "goose" as part of their names. More distantly related members of the family *Anatidae* are swans, most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks, which are smaller.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/18070
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1253
anser spp.
branta spp.
chen spp.
goose
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1254
trifolium spp.
clover plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:50069
MANSFELD:12338
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1255
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
caryophyllus
eugenia aromatica
syzygium aromaticum
clove plant
obsolete: spot croaker
true
obsolete: moose
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1258
salmo except salmo salar
trout
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/58242
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1259
busycon
strombus spp.
conch
obsolete: ginkgo tree
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9845
GRIN:300219
ITIS:29509
MANSFELD:1536
PLANTS:FOVU
http://eol.org/pages/585008
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1262
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.
foeniculum vulgare
fennel plant
obsolete: giant freshwater prawn
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/13109
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1264
sarda spp.
bonito
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13983
GRIN:42254
ITIS:42402
MANSFELD:3222
PLANTS:ZIOF
http://eol.org/pages/987032
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1265
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Zingiberaceae
zingiber officinale
ginger plant
common banana
dessert banana
french plantain
musa sapientum
sweet banana
common banana plant
*Mentha* is a genus of plants in the family *Lamiaceae* (mint family). It is estimated that 13 to 18 species exist, and the exact distinction between species is still unclear. Hybridization between some of the species occurs naturally. The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution across Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and North America. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual herbs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11147
GRIN:313210
PLANTS:MENTH
http://eol.org/pages/4302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1267
Mentha
Mentha L.
Mentha spp.
mentha spp.
mint plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:21739
MANSFELD:30720
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1268
Lens culinaris Medik.
lens culinaris
lentil plant
Damion Dooley
Thunnus is a genus of ocean-dwelling, ray-finned bony fish from the mackerel family, Scombridae. More specifically, Thunnus is one of five genera which make up the tribe Thunnini – a tribe that is collectively known as the tunas
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2804369
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1269
thunnini
true tuna
tuna
obsolete: mango plant
true
The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily *Bambusoideae* of the grass family *Poaceae*. Although the shoots (new culms that come out of the ground) of bamboo contain a toxin taxiphyllin (a cyanogenic glycoside) that produces cyanide in the gut, proper processing renders them edible. They are used in numerous Asian dishes and broths, and are available in supermarkets in various sliced forms, in both fresh and canned versions.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo]
http://langual.org
GRIN:312261
IT IS:193439
MANSFELD:18979
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1271
Bambusa Schreb.
Bambusa spp.
bambusa spp.
bamboo plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12275
GRIN:29890
ITIS:24775
MANSFELD:9421
http://eol.org/pages/231567
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1272
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
prunus amygdalus
prunus communis
prunus dulcis
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the almond fruit (drupe), index both *ALMOND [B2721]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
almond tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:12617
MANSFELD:1199
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1274
Cuminum cyminum L.
cuminum cyminum
cumin plant
The lemon, *Citrus limon *(L.) Osbeck, is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia. The tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world, primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning uses. The pulp and rind (zest) are also used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5% to 6% citric acid, with a pH of around 2.2, giving it a sour taste. The distinctive sour taste of lemon juice makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8694
GRIN:10732
ITIS:28885
MANSFELD:7625
PLANTS:CILI5
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1275
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil.
Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f. (pro sp.)
citrus limon
citrus medica var. limonum
lemon plant
The word "tomato" may refer to the plant (*Solanum lycopersicum*) or the edible, typically red, fruit that it bears. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates.See also the list of tomato cultivars
WIKIPEDIA:List_of_tomato_cultivars
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:101442
ITIS:521671
ITIS:529044
MANSFELD:6054
PLANTS:SOLY2
http://eol.org/pages/392557
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1276
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
gold apple
love apple
lycopersicon esculentum
lycopersicon lycopersicum
solanum lycopersicum
tomato plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:3412
MANSFELD:1571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1277
Anethum graveolens L.
anethum
dill plant
An eel is any fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species. Most eels are predators. The term "eel" (originally referring to the European eel) is also used for some other similarly shaped fish, such as electric eels and spiny eels, but these are not members of the Anguilliformes order. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1278
anguillidae
congridae
nettastomatidae
eel
obsolete: kola tree
true
A male swine castrated before sexual maturity.
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
barrow
Kale (also called Borecole) is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group) in which the central leaves do not form a head. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. The Cultivar Group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically. Kale can be classified by leaf type: Curly leaved (Scots kales), Plain leaved, Rape kale, Leaf and spear (a cross between curly leaved and plain leaved kale), Cavolo nero (also known as black cabbage, Tuscan kale, Lacinato and dinosaur kale)
WIKIPEDIA:Kale)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8115
GRIN:319629
ITIS:23062
MANSFELD:23870
http://eol.org/pages/583899
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1281
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
brassica oleracea
cole
kale plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:300034
MANSFELD:1212
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1282
wild celery
Apium graveolens L.
apium graveolens var. dulce
celery plant
Melon is a name given to various members of the plant family *Cucurbitaceae* with sweet flavored, fleshy fruit e.g. gourds or cucurbits. Melon can be referred as a plant or a fruit. Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of muskmelons.
WIKIPEDIA:Melon
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38795
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1283
cucumis spp.
melon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13277
GRIN:35331
ITIS:182142
PLANTS:SPDU3
http://eol.org/pages/596822
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1284
Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson
golden apple
otaheite ambarella
spondias cytherea
spondias dulcis
wi tree
ambarella plant
obsolete: common millet plant
true
The *Arecaceae* are a botanical family of perennial climbers, shrubs, acaules and trees commonly known as palm trees (owing to historical usage, the family is alternatively called Palmae). They are flowering plants, a family in the monocot order Arecales. Currently 181 genera with around 2600 species are known, most of them restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Arecaceae have great economic importance, including coconut products, oils, dates, palm syrup, ivory nuts, carnauba wax, rattan cane, raffia, and palm wood. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8193
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1286
arecaceae
palm plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24151
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1287
mugil spp.
gray mullet
obsolete: pili tree
true
*Juglans* is a plant genus of the family *Juglandaceae*, the seeds of which are known as walnuts.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38394
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1290
juglans spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *WALNUT [B1290]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
walnut tree
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25222
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1291
hake
merluce
merluza
urophycis spp.
codling
obsolete: elk
true
WIKIPEDIA:Esox
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25461
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1293
esox spp.
pike
An edible perennial species (Allium schoenoprasum) of the genus Allium which is widespread in nature across much of Europe, Asia, and North America.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7329
GRIN:2369
ITIS:42636
MANSFELD:85
PLANTS:ALSC
http://eol.org/pages/1084938
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1294
allium schoenoprasum
wild chives
Allium schoenoprasum L.
chive plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1295
Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758
cobra
ophidia
serpentes
serpents
snake
Anise (Pimpinella anisum), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:28395
MANSFELD:1373
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1296
anise
aniseed
common anise
pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum L.
anise plant
vertebrate animal
A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
animal
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1297
LanguaL curation note: For a unicellular animal, use *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE*.
vertebrate animal
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/30000
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1298
cydonia spp.
quince plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:25555
MANSFELD:11672
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1299
Olea europaea L.
manzanilla olive
olea europaea
olive plant
The onion (*Allium cepa *L), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus *Allium*. Its close relatives include the garlic, shallot, leek, chive,[2] and Chinese onion.
This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion (*Allium fistulosum*), the tree onion (*A. ×proliferum*), and the Canada onion (*Allium canadense*). The name "wild onion" is applied to a number of *Allium* species, but *A. cepa* is exclusively known from cultivation. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7304
GRIN:300022
PLANTS:ALLIU
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1300
Allium
Allium L.
Allium sp.
allium spp.
bulb onion
cebolla
garden onion
onion plant
obsolete: fig plant
true
*Salvia* is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the *Lamiaceae, Salvia* is part of the tribe *Mentheae* within the subfamily *Nepetoideae*. It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes the widely produced herb used in cooking, *Salvia officinalis* (common sage, or just "sage"). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12761
GRIN:310089
GRIN:32950
MANSFELD:16755
PLANTS:SALVI
http://eol.org/pages/4302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1303
Salvia
Salvia L.
Salvia officinalis L.
Salvia spp.
salvia
salvia spp
sage plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7978
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1304
columbidae
squab
pigeon
A plant species of Coffea.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:300141
MANSFELD:2900
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1305
mountain coffee
Coffea arabica L.
coffea arabica
arabica coffee plant
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus *Prunus*, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). The cherry fruits of commerce usually are obtained from cultivars of a limited number of species such as the sweet cherry (*Prunus avium*) and the sour cherry (*Prunus cerasus*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29913
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1306
prunus spp.
cherry plant
obsolete: hog plum plant
true
The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of *Allium ampeloprasum*, the broadleaf wild leek. The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leek]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7324
GRIN:2351
ITIS:532057
MANSFELD:200
PLANTS:ALPO2
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1308
Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum
Allium porrum L.
allium ampeloprasum var. porrum
allium porrum
garden leek
leek plant
The beet (*Beta vulgaris*) is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in *Amaranthaceae* family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet. However, other cultivated varieties include the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet, as well as the root vegetables sugar beet, which is important in the production of table sugar, and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivated varieties fall into the subspecies *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris*, while *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *maritima*, commonly known as the sea beet, is the wild ancestor of these, and is found throughout the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Near East, and India. A second wild subspecies, *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *adanensis*, occurs from Greece to Syria.
WIKIPEDIA:Beta_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8005
GRIN:300073
ITIS:20681
PLANTS:BEVU2
http://eol.org/pages/585884
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1309
common beet
Beta vulgaris L.
beetroot
beta vulgaris
beet plant
obsolete: longfin smelt
true
Ziziphus jujuba, commonly called jujube; sometimes jujuba, red date, Chinese date, Korean date, or Indian date is a species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). It is a small deciduous tree or shrub, usually with thorny branches. The fruit is an edible oval drupe. The freshly harvested, as well as the candied dried fruit, are often eaten as a snack, or with coffee.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujube
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/59534
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1311
ziziphus spp.
jujube plant
Wheat (*Triticum* spp.) is a domesticated grass from the Levant that is cultivated worldwide. Major cultivated species of wheat:
* Common wheat or Bread wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) A hexaploid species that is the most widely cultivated in the world.
* Durum (*Triticum durum*) The only tetraploid form of wheat widely used today, and the second most widely cultivated wheat.
* Einkorn (*Triticum monococcum*) A diploid species with wild and cultivated variants. Domesticated at the same time as emmer wheat, but never reached the same importance.
* Emmer (*Triticum dicoccon*) A tetraploid species, cultivated in ancient times but no longer in widespread use.
* Spelt (*Triticum spelta*) Another hexaploid species cultivated in limited quantities.
WIKIPEDIA:Wheat
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1312
triticum spp.
wheat plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12952
GRIN:317600
ITIS:42090
PLANTS:SECE
http://eol.org/pages/1115159
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1313
Secale cereale L.
secale cereale
rye plant
Endive, *Cichorium endivia*, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads... There are two main varieties of cultivated *C. endivia*: Curly endive, or frisée (var *crispum*) and Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var *latifolia*).
WIKIPEDIA:Endive
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cichorium_endivia_-_Botanischer_Garten_Mainz_IMG_5453.JPG/640px-Cichorium_endivia_-_Botanischer_Garten_Mainz_IMG_5453.JPG
DPNL 2003:8651
GRIN:10542
ITIS:501522
MANSFELD:31969
PLANTS:CIEN
http://eol.org/pages/488332
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1314
Cichorium endivia L.
cichorium endivia
endive plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:30857
MANSFELD:24313
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1315
Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino
raphanus sativus
radish plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8027
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1316
anatidae
duck
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1317
cardiidae
cockle
http://langual.org
GRIN:400137
MANSFELD:5328
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1318
Theobroma cacao L.
theobroma cacao
cacao plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3196
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1319
Catostomus Lesueur, 1817
catostomus spp.
sucker
obsolete: pecan tree
true
*Oryza sativa*, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. *Oryza sativa* contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained *japonica* or *sinica* variety, and the nonsticky, long-grained *indica* variety.
Rice occurs in a variety of colors, including white, brown, black, purple, and red rices. Black rice (also known as purple rice) is a range of rice types, some of which are glutinous rice. Varieties include Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryza_sativa]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11528
GRIN:26077
ITIS:41976
MANSFELD:20986
PLANTS:ORSA
http://eol.org/pages/1115098
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1322
Oryza sativa L.
asian rice
lowland rice
oryza sativa
upland rice
rice plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1689
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1323
leporidae
oryctolagus spp.
sylvilagus spp.
rabbit
Any grass cultivated (grown) for the edible components of its grain.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1324
grain plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/42276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1325
castor spp.
beaver
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1326
early june pea
pea, smooth skin cultivars
Commonly used in canning.
alaska pea plant
*Acacia* is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily *Mimosoideae* of the family *Fabaceae*. Acacias are also known as thorntrees, whistling thorns or wattles.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1327
acacia spp.
wattle
acacia (genus) plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:180715
MSW3:14200776
http://eol.org/pages/328660
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1328
caprine
Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758
capra hircus
goat
*Vitis* (grapevines) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family *Vitaceae*. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13866
http://eol.org/pages/38383
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1329
Vitis
vitis spp.
grape plant
Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/LittleNeck_clams_USDA96c1862.jpg
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1331
clam
obsolete: arctic char
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12335
GRIN:30205
ITIS:27240
MANSFELD:12287
PLANTS:PSGU
http://eol.org/pages/2508593
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1333
Psidium guajava L.
abas
apple guava
common guava
guabang
guayaba
kautonga
kuahpa
pisidium guajava
psidium spp.
yellow guava
guava plant
obsolete: guar plant
true
Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder *Brachyura*, which typically have a very short projecting "tail", usually entirely hidden under the thorax. They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws. Many other animals with similar names - such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice - are not true crabs.
Crabs are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin, and armed with a single pair of chelae (claws). Crabs are found in all of the world's oceans, while many crabs live in fresh water and on land, particularly in tropical regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1335
brachyura
short-tailed crabs
true crabs
crab
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1336
crambe abyssinica
crambe plant
obsolete: peanut plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:300472
MANSFELD:30744
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1338
Pisum sativum L.
green pea plant
lathyrus l.
pisum l.
pea plant
*Citrus × sinensis*, also known as the *Citrus aurantium* Sweet Orange Group, includes the commonly cultivated sweet orange, blood oranges, and navel oranges.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8703
GRIN:10782
ITIS:28889
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1339
batavian orange tree
citrus sinensis
mozambique orange tree
sweet orange tree
tight-skinned orange tree
west african sweet orange
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
orange plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24884
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1340
raja spp.
ray
skate
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7666
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1341
phocidae
true seal
seal family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1342
LanguaL curation note: Use only, when no other information is available.
shark
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1343
whale
The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pear are valued for their edible fruit and juices while others are cultivated as trees.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12395
GRIN:30474
ITIS:25295
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
http://eol.org/pages/414311
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1344
Pyrus communis L.
pyrus communis
pear plant
Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally considered in the order *Galliformes*. Old World quail are found in the family *Phasianidae*, and New World quail are found in the family *Odontophoridae*.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7590
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1346
galliformes
odontophoridae
phasianidae
quail
obsolete: plant
http://langual.org
obsolete: plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1348
Alosa Linck, 1790
alosa spp.
shad
river herring
Calves are the young of domestic cattle. Calves are reared to become adult cattle, or are slaughtered for their meat, called veal.
WIKIPEDIA:Calf
http://langual.org
calf
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1349
calves
veal
cattle calf
http://langual.org
obsolete: peach tree
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1351
wax bean plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:431678
MANSFELD:2228
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1352
Manihot esculenta Crantz
manihot esculenta
yuca
cassava plant
Wide, semi-hot variety used in Hungarian cuisine. Frequently pickled. Also commonly dried, ground and presented as "Paprika".
WIKIPEDIA:List_of_capsicum_cultivars
http://langual.org
GRIN:311784
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1353
Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum
capsicum annuum var. longum
hungarian paprika
hungarian pepper
paprika
paprika, hungarian
hungarian wax pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5381
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1354
Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758
ammodytes spp.
sandeel
sand lance
Vanilla, the vanilla orchids, forms a flowering plant genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (*Orchidaceae*). The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (*V. planifolia*), native to Mexico, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived.
The fruit is termed "vanilla bean", though true beans are fabaceaen eudicots not at all closely related to orchids. Rather, the vanilla fruit is technically an elongate, fleshy and later dehiscent capsule 10-20 cm long. It ripens gradually for 8 to 9 months after flowering, eventually turning black in color and giving off a strong aroma. Each pod contains thousands of minute seeds, and both the pods and seeds within are used to create vanilla flavoring. Vanilla beans are harvested by hand from commercial orchards. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_(genus)]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13764
GRIN:312480
GRIN:41111
MANSFELD:11314
PLANTS:VANIL
http://eol.org/pages/8156
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1355
Vanilla
Vanilla Mill.
Vanilla planifolia Andr.
Vanilla spp.
french vanilla
vanilla fragrans
vanilla spp
vanilla plant
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:28390
MANSFELD:12263
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1356
Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
pimenta
pimenta officinalis
allspice plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13948
GRIN:300683
ITIS:500788
ITIS:506625
PLANTS:TRRI8
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1358
X Triticosecale
X Triticosecale Wittm.
X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.
X Triticosecale sp.
×Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.
rye-wheat hybrid
x triticosecale
triticale plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1359
lucerne
medicago sativa
alfalfa plant
obsolete: acerola plant
true
Succotash (from Narragansett sohquttahhash, "broken corn kernels") is a food dish consisting primarily of sweet corn with lima beans or other shell beans. Other ingredients may be added including tomatoes, green or sweet red peppers, and okra. Combining a grain with a legume provides a dish that is high in all essential amino acids.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
corn and lima beans
lima bean and corn
lima bean and sweet corn
lima beans and corn
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1361
succotash
obsolete: rock bass
true
*Rheum* is a genus of about 60 perennial plants in the family *Polygonaceae*. The genus includes the vegetable rhubarb (*Rheum rhabarbarum* or *Rheum x hybridum*). A number of varieties of rhubarb have been domesticated both as medicinal plants and for human consumption. While the leaves are toxic, the stalks are used in pies and other foods for their tart flavor.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_(plant)]
http://langual.org
MANSFELD:9537
http://eol.org/pages/61521
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1364
rheum spp.
rhubarb plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1365
osteichthyes
fish, bony
Ceratonia siliqua, commonly known as the carob tree or carob bush, from Arabic خَرُّوبٌ (kharrūb) and Hebrew חרוב (haruv), St John's-bread, or locust bean (not to be confused with the African locust bean), or simply locust-tree, is a species of flowering evergreen shrub or tree in the pea family, Fabaceae
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1366
ceratonia siliqua
locust bean
carob bean plant
*Vicia faba*, the Broad Bean, is a species of bean (*Fabaceae*) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: Vicia faba var. equina Pers. - Horse Bean. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some botanists treat it in a separate monotypic genus *Faba*. The term fava bean (from the Italian fava, meaning "broad bean") is usually used in English speaking countries such as the US, however the term broad bean is the most common name in the UK.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba
http://langual.org
vicia faba
DPNL 2003:13823
GRIN:300661
ITIS:26339
MANSFELD:30416
PLANTS:VIFA
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1367
faba bean plant
fava bean plant
horse bean plant
horsebean plant
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (varieties for human consumption)
broad bean plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1368
pinto bean plant
Kohlrabi is a biennial vegetable, a low, stout cultivar of wild cabbage. It is the same species as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, and gai lan. It can be eaten raw or cooked. Edible preparations are made with both the stem and the leaves. Despite its common names, it is not the same species as turnip.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8108
GRIN:7676
ITIS:530960
MANSFELD:23859
PLANTS:BROLG2
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1369
Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.
brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
kohlrabi plant
obsolete: sugar beet plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1371
snap bean plant
string bean plant
stringless bean plant
green bean plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1372
phaseolus lunatus
sieva bean plant
Crustaceans form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2598871
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1374
crustacea
crustacean
Wild rice (also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) is four species of grasses forming the genus *Zizania*, and the grain which can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China. While it is now something of a delicacy in North America, the grain is eaten less in China, where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:Wild_rice
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13988
GRIN:403525
MANSFELD:21064
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1375
Zizania
Zizania L.
Zizania aquatica L.
rice, wild
water oats
zizania spp.
wild rice plant
obsolete: skipjack tuna
true
*Angelica*, is a genus of about 60 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Some species are grown as flavoring agents or for their medicinal properties. The most notable of these is garden angelica (*A. archangelica*), which is commonly known simply as angelica. Natives of Lapland use the fleshy roots as food and the stalks as medicine. Crystallized strips of young angelica stems and midribs are green in colour and are sold as decorative and flavoursome cake decoration material, but may also be enjoyed on their own. The roots and seeds are sometimes used to flavor gin. Its presence accounts for the distinct flavor of many liqueurs, such as Chartreuse.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7522
GRIN:3415
GRIN:402396
MANSFELD:1655
PLANTS:ANGEL
http://eol.org/pages/4200
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1377
Angelica
Angelica L.
Angelica archangelica L.
Angelica spp.
angelica archangelica
angelica spp
angelica plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32617
MANSFELD:35616
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1378
Saccharum officinarum L.
saccharum officinarum
sugar cane plant
Field corn is maize of varieties that (in contrast with sweet corn and popcorn) are not, in the United States, grown primarily for consumption as human food in the form of fresh kernels. More than 98% of corn-growing land in the U.S. is in use for field-corn production. Principal field corn varieties are Dent corn, Flint corn, Flour corn (including blue corn (*Zea mays amylacea*), and Waxy corn.
WIKIPEDIA:Field_corn
http://langual.org
GRIN:311987
PLANTS:ZEMAM2
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1379
Zea mays L. ssp. mays
Zea mays L. subsp. mays
Zea mays ssp. mays L.
corn, field
dent corn
flint corn
maize
podcorn
zea mays var. indentata (not acc.)
zea mays var. indurata (not acc.)
Field corn is a general term used in North America for corn varieties other than sweet corn, popcorn, yellow food grade corn used for yellow corn meal or flour and corn starch, and white food-grade corn used for white meal or flour and corn starch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn
LanguaL curation note: Searching note--use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereal or snack food having 'corn' as the first ingredient.
field corn plant
Sweet corn (*Zea mays* convar. *saccharata* var. *rugosa*; also called Indian corn, sugar corn, and pole corn) is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy.
WIKIPEDIA:Sweet_corn
http://langual.org
ITIS:42269
http://eol.org/pages/1115259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1380
Zea mays L.
golden corn
sugar corn
sweet corn
zea mays var. rugosa
vegetable corn plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:11523
MANSFELD:1118
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1381
Coriandrum sativum L.
chinese parsley
cilantro
coriandrum sativum
coriander plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2822977
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1382
odontophorinae
perdicinae
perdrix
partridge
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5188
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1383
xiphiidae
swordfish family
obsolete: lingcod
true
Collard greens are various loose-leafed cultivars of *Brassica oleracea* (Acephala Group), the same species as cabbage and broccoli. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, edible leaves and as a garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, Portugal, the southern United States, many parts of Africa, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, southern Croatia, Spain and in Pakistan, as well as in Kashmir region of both India and Pakistan. They are classified in the same cultivar group as kale and spring greens, to which they are closely similar genetically. The name "collard" is a shortened form of the word "colewort" (cabbage plant).
WIKIPEDIA:Borekale
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:7679
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1385
Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis L.
borekale
brassica oleracea var. viridis
cow cabbage
fodder kale
portuguese kale
collard plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1386
gaultheria procumbens
wintergreen spice
wintergreen plant
A trailing, prickly hybrid between a blackberry and a dewberry (*Rubus ursinus* cv. Young) of the rose family, cultivated in the western United States.
http://langual.org
GRIN:104971
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1388
Rubus Hybr.
rubus hybr.
rubus ursinus cv. young
youngberry plant
Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the *Sciuridae*. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa and have been introduced to Australia.
WIKIPEDIA:Squirrel
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8703
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1389
sciuridae
squirrel
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an annual plant of the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettuce
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10656
GRIN:21360
ITIS:36607
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1390
Lactuca sativa L.
lactuca sativa
lettuce plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1392
sardinella spp.
sardinella
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29917
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1393
fragaria spp.
strawberry plant
obsolete: gooseberry plant
true
obsolete: mung bean plant
true
Menhaden, also known as mossbunker, bunker and pogy, are forage fish of the genera Brevoortia and Ethmidium, two genera of marine fish in the family Clupeidae.
WIKIPEDIA:Menhaden
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24695
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1396
Ethmidium Thompson, 1916
brevoortia spp.
ethmidium spp.
menhaden
*Phaseolus lunatus*, commonly known as the lima bean, butter bean, sieva bean, or Madagascar bean[citation needed], is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11804
GRIN:27591
GRIN:300449
ITIS:26850
MANSFELD:27587
PLANTS:PHLU2
http://eol.org/pages/645300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1397
butter bean plant
madagascar bean plant
phaseolus lunatus
Phaseolus lunatus L.
Phaseolus lunatus L. var. lunatus
phaseolus limensis
lima bean plant
obsolete: walleye pike
true
obsolete: pike perch
true
Phytolacca americana, also known as pokeweed, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the dragonweed family Phytolaccaceae growing up to 8 ft (2.4m) in height. It has simple leaves on green to red or purplish stems and a large white taproot.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/39080
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1400
american dragon berries
american pokeweed
dragon berries
dragon sallet
poke salad
phytolacca spp.
pokeberry
pokeweed plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12671
GRIN:104968
ITIS:506229
PLANTS:RULO11
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1401
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
Rubus loganobaccus L.H. Bailey
Rubus loganobaccus L.H.Bailey
rubus loganobaccus
rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. logan
loganberry plant
obsolete: alewife
true
obsolete: european elder plant
true
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It is a creeping vine that bears cucumiform fruits that are used as vegetables. There are three main varieties of cucumber: slicing, pickling, and seedless.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber
http://langual.org
GRIN:12580
MANSFELD:3698
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1404
Cucumis sativus L. ssp. sativus
cucumis sativus
cucumber plant
obsolete: buckwheat plant
true
Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy blue, red (purple), or white (pale blue) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8101
GRIN:7668
ITIS:23062
ITIS:526963
PLANTS:BROL
http://eol.org/pages/583899
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1406
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea var. oleracea L.
brassica oleracea varieties
cabbage plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:419819
ITIS:504851
MANSFELD:8156
PLANTS:RUFR80
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1407
Rubus fruticosus L.
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
rubus fruticosus
european blackberry plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/32566
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1408
abalones nei
haliotis spp.
abalone
The species of this genus are known as crappies and are extremely popular game fish. The genus has two species the white and black crappie. Crappie of both species are sometimes referred to as papermouths, calico bass, and strawberry bass. Both species of crappie feed on minnows as adults. Both species spawn in the early spring when the water temperature nears 64 to 68 degrees. Crappie create a nest in fine silt or gravel, and the nests are often congregated in very high densities in shallow waters. (
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/27527
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1409
pomoxis spp.
crappie
obsolete: American butterfish
true
obsolete: needlefish
true
obsolete: paddlefish
true
A root vegetable that originated as a cross between the cabbage and the turnip. The roots are eaten in a variety of ways, and the leaves can be eaten as a leaf vegetable.
http://langual.org
GRIN:7663
MANSFELD:24068
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1413
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg var. napobrassica
brassica napobrassica var. solidflora
brassica napus var. napobrassica
neep
snagger
swede
swedish turnip
rutabaga plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1414
Clupea Linnaeus, 1758
clupea spp.
herring
http://langual.org
GRIN:300050
MANSFELD:25827
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1415
Asparagus officinalis L.
asparagus officinalis
asparagus plant
obsolete: pistachio plant
true
obsolete: california needlefish
true
Hard wheat (red or white) are varieties of common wheat with high protein (gluten) content used for bread.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1418
bread wheat
triticum aestivum
hard wheat plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25735
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1419
lepomis spp.
sunfish
Soft wheat (red or white) are lower protein (gluten), higher starch varieties used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits and muffins.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1421
triticum aestivum
soft wheat plant
obsolete: sheepshead
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/13122
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1423
gadus spp.
cod
Turmeric is a flowering plant, Curcuma longa of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, the roots of which are used in cooking.
http://langual.org
GRIN:12676
MANSFELD:3244
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1425
Curcuma longa L.
curcuma domestica
curcuma longa
turmeric plant
The *Scombridae* family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily *Scombrinae*, except the butterfly kingfish, which is the sole member of subfamily *Gasterochismatinae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scombridae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5210
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1426
scombridae
mackerel family
obsolete: swordfish
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13450
GRIN:80051
ITIS:36213
ITIS:524742
ITIS:524743
MANSFELD:32135
PLANTS:TAOF
PLANTS:TAOFC
PLANTS:TAOFO
http://eol.org/pages/1278264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1428
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Schinz ex Thell.
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. officinale
Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg., s.l.
Taraxacum officinale aggregate
Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller
taraxacum
dandelion plant
The mandarin orange (*Citrus reticulata*), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification.
Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids generally have these traits to a lesser degree.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8702
GRIN:10778
ITIS:28888
MANSFELD:7687
PLANTS:CIRE3
http://eol.org/pages/582204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1429
Citrus reticulata Blanco
citrus deliciosa
citrus nobilus
citrus reticulata
citrus unshia
fremont
loose-skinned orange
tangerine tree
mandarin orange tree
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/23896
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1430
argentina spp.
silver smelts
argentine
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/26338
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1431
hexagrammos spp.
greenling
obsolete: wreckfish
true
The term shellfish is used both broadly and specifically. For regulatory purposes it is often narrowly defined as filter-feeding molluscs such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else. Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1433
Covers both freshwater and saltwater organisms
shellfish
obsolete: spearmint plant
true
Amelanchier, also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry, or just sarvis, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum or wild-plum, and chuckley pear, is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the Rose family (*Rosaceae*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelanchier]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29970
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1435
amelanchier spp.
serviceberry
shadbush
sugarplum
juneberry plant
A Prunus persica cultivar lacking the fuzz (fruit-skin trichomes) that peach-skin has; it is thought that a mutation in a single gene (MYB25) is responsible for the hair or no-hair difference between the two.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12290
MANSFELD:9406
PLANTS:PRPEN
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1436
fuzzless peach
shaved peach
Persica vulgaris var. nectarina (Aiton) Holub
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid.
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K.Schneid.
prunus persica var. nucipersica
nectarine tree
obsolete: sablefish
true
obsolete: black sea bass
true
Plantain is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus *Musa*. The fruit they produce is generally used for cooking, in contrast to the soft, sweet banana (which is sometimes referred to as the dessert banana). There is a formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains based on its structure and genus/species.
cooking banana
french plantain
plantain
plantain (musa) plant
obsolete: saithe
true
obsolete: haddock
true
obsolete: red hake
true
Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'oeuvre trays.
Broccoli is classified in the *Italica* cultivar group of the species *Brassica oleracea*. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species.
WIKIPEDIA:Broccoli
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8104
GRIN:105447
ITIS:530957
MANSFELD:37506
PLANTS:BROLB
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1443
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
brassica oleracea l. convar. botrytis var. italica
brassica oleracea var. botrytis
brassica oleracea var. italica
broccoli plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:3595
MANSFELD:1048
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1444
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.
anthriscus cerefolium
chervil plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1446
LanguaL curation note: This term is only kept for backward compatibility. DO NOT USE for new indexing.
obsolete: escarole plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/40060
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1447
diospyros spp.
persimmon plant
http://langual.org
obsolete: sorghum plant
true
obsolete: peppermint plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7622
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1450
didelphidae
opossum
Macadamia is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family *Proteaceae*, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species), New Caledonia (one species *M. neurophylla*) and Sulawesi in Indonesia (one species, *M. hildebrandii*). The fruit is a very hard woody globose follicle with a pointed apex, containing one or two seeds.
WIKIPEDIA:Macadamia
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/61654
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1451
macadamia nut
macadamia spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the macadamia fruit (seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
macadamia plant
obsolete: soybean plant
true
obsolete: butternut tree
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:42269
http://eol.org/pages/1115259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1454
Zea mays L.
popping corn
zea mays var. praecox
popcorn plant
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_snail]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/57691
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1455
garden snail
snail, garden
helix spp.
snail, land
land snail
field pumpkin
pumpkin plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:176086
http://eol.org/pages/1049263
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1457
gallus domesticus
gallus gallus domesticus
Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chicken
http://langual.org
GRIN:101312
MANSFELD:5937
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1458
Solanum melongena L.
aubergine
solanum melongena
eggplant plant
obsolete: saffron plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7591
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1460
Phasianus Linnaeus, 1758
phasianus spp.
pheasant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/18666
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1461
procyon spp.
raccoon
The zucchini or courgette is a summer squash which can reach nearly a meter in length, but which is usually harvested at half that size or less. Along with certain other squashes, it belongs to the species Cucurbita pepo. Zucchini can be dark or light green. A related hybrid, the golden zucchini, is a deep yellow or orange color.
courgette
cucurbita pepo var. melopepo cv. zucchini
zucchini plant
obsolete: brazil nut plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:19801
MANSFELD:15224
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1464
Illicium verum J.D. Hook
illicium verum
star anise plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1465
acipenser spp.
scaphirhynchus spp.
sturgeon
The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) is a variety of a species of thistle cultivated as a food. The edible portion of the plant consists of the flower buds before the flowers come into bloom.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9112
GRIN:12839
MANSFELD:31795
PLANTS:CYCA
PLANTS:CYSC2
http://eol.org/pages/4206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1466
French artichoke plant
cynara cardunculus
cynara scolymus
globe artichoke plant
green artichoke plant
Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynara scolymus L.
artichoke plant
obsolete: spanish lime plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:4282
MANSFELD:32343
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1469
Artemisia dracunculus L.
tarragon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11773
GRIN:27393
ITIS:18154
MANSFELD:15043
PLANTS:PEAM3
http://eol.org/pages/596888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1470
Persea americana Mill.
Persea americana P. Mill.
abogado
aguacate
palta
persea americana
persea gratissima
avocado plant
The European cantaloupe is lightly ribbed, with a gray-green skin that looks quite different from that of the North American cantaloupe.
C. melo var. cantalupensis
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo cantalupensis
european cantaloupe plant
*Cinnamomum* is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, *Lauraceae*. The species of *Cinnamomum* have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains over 300 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North America, Central America, South America, Asia, Oceania, and Australasia.
The inner bark of several species is used to make the spice, cinnamon. Other notable species are *C. tamala*, used as the herb malabathrum (also called tejpat and Indian bay leaf), and *C. camphora*, from which camphor is produced. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8665
DPNL 2003:8668
GRIN:317548
GRIN:70183
ITIS:501529
MANSFELD:15093
PLANTS:CINNA2
PLANTS:CIVE2
http://eol.org/pages/490672
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1472
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum Schaeff.
Cinnamomum spp.
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
cassia
cinnamomum
cinnamomum verum
cinnamomum zeylanicum
cinnamon plant
The tangelo, *Citrus* × tangelo, is also widely known as the honeybell. Tangelo is a citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a tangerine and either a pomelo or a grapefruit.
WIKIPEDIA:Tangelo
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8707
GRIN:102894
ITIS:506398
PLANTS:CITA
http://eol.org/pages/483520
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1473
Citrus X tangelo J. Ingram & H. Moore
Citrus x tangelo J. W. Ingram & H. E. Moore
Citrus x tangelo J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore
Citrus ×tangelo J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore
citrus tangelo
citrus x tangelo
tangelo plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1474
comello plant
Pompanos are marine fishes in the genus Trachinotus in the family Carangidae (better known as "jacks"). Pompano may also refer to various other, similarly shaped members of the Carangidae, or the order Perciformes. Their appearance is deep-bodied and mackerel-like, typically silver and toothless, with a forked tail and narrow base. Of the 20 described species, most are valued as food.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/26259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1475
trachinotus spp.
pompano
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/39511
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1476
bubalus
buffalo
obsolete: sweetsop plant
true
Scallions - also known as green onions, spring onions, salad onions, green shallots, onion sticks, long onions, baby onions, precious onions, yard onions, gibbons, or syboes - are the edible plants of various *Allium* species, all of which are "onion-like", having hollow green leaves and lacking a fully developed root bulb.
The Welsh onion (*Allium fistulosum*) does not form bulbs even when mature, and is grown in the West almost exclusively as a scallion or salad onion, although in Asia this species is of primary importance and used both fresh and in cooking. "Scallion" is also used for young plants of the common onion (*Allium cepa* var. *cepa*) and shallot (*Allium cepa* var. *aggregatum*, formerly *Allium ascalonicum*), harvested before bulbs form, or sometimes when slight bulbing has occurred. Most of the cultivars grown in the West primarily as salad onions or scallions belong to *Allium cepa* var. *cepa*. Other species sometimes used as scallions include *Allium ×proliferum* and *Allium ×wakegi*.
WIKIPEDIA:Scallion
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1478
green shallot
long onion
onion stick
salad onion
baby onion
gibbon
green onion
precious onions
spring onion
syboe
yard onion
scallion plant
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:252
FAO ASFIS:TRS
ITIS:161997
http://eol.org/pages/206777
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1479
Salmo trutta
Salmo trutta Berg 1908
Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta
salmo trutta trutta
sea trout
trutta marina
brown trout
obsolete: soursop plant
true
Antelope is a term referring to many even-toed ungulate species found all over the world in places such as Africa, Asia, and North America. The term refers to a "miscellaneous" group within the family encompassing the old-world species which are not cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, or goats.
WIKIPEDIA:Antelope
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1481
hippotragus spp.
neotragus spp.
tetracerus spp.
antelope
obsolete: natal plum plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:406685
MANSFELD:1805
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1483
Pastinaca sativa L.
pastinaca sativa
parsnip plant
obsolete: pineapple plant
true
Sugar palm is a common name for several species of palms used to produce sugar. Species used include:
*Arenga pinnata* (syn. *A. saccharifera) ; Borassus flabellifer ; Caryota urens ; Cocos nucifera. *
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_palm]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1485
sugar palm plant
http://langual.org
The field pea plant is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for at least 7,000 years.
GRIN:311566
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1486
P. sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch.
pisum sativum var. arvense
field pea plant
obsolete: sweet pea plant
true
Malus coronaria, also known by the names sweet crabapple or garland crab, is a North American species of Malus (crabapple). It grows primarily in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ohio Valley, with outlying populations as far away as Alabama, eastern Kansas, Long Island, and Ontario.[
http://langual.org
GRIN:23225
ITIS:25257
PLANTS:MACO5
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1488
Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill.
malus coronaria
sweet crabapple plant
Scallop is a common name that is primarily applied to any one of numerous species of saltwater clams or marine bivalve mollusks in the taxonomic family Pectinidae, the scallops. However, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families within the superfamily Pectinoidea, which also includes the thorny oysters.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallop
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1489
pectinidae
Argopecten irradians
Pecten laquaetus
pecten aequiscleatus
scallop
obsolete: american dewberry plant
true
Blueberries are flowering plants of the genus *Vaccinium* (a genus which also includes cranberries and bilberries) with dark-blue berries and are perennial. Species in the section Cyanococcus are the most common fruits sold as "blueberries" and are native to North America (they were not introduced into Europe until the 1930s).
WIKIPEDIA:Blueberry
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4267
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1491
Vaccinium L.
vaccinium spp. cyanococcus group
blueberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11319
GRIN:25072
ITIS:22993
MANSFELD:23589
PLANTS:NAOF
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1492
Nasturtium officinale R.Br.
Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton
Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
nasturtium officinale
rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
watercress plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1493
sassafras albidum
sassafras plant
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a number of species of the genus *Rubus*. The name originally refers in particular to the European species Rubus idaeus, and is still used for that species as its standard English name in its native area. Other species, mostly closely related in the same subgenus Idaeobatus, also called raspberries subsequently include:
* Rubus strigosus (American Raspberry) (syn. R. idaeus var. strigosus)
* Rubus arcticus (Arctic Raspberry)
* Rubus crataegifolius (Korean Raspberry)
* Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)
* Rubus odoratus (Flowering Raspberry)
* Rubus phoenicolasius (Wine Raspberry)
* Rubus leucodermis (Whitebark or Western Raspberry, native: Blue Raspberry)
WIKIPEDIA:Raspberry
http://langual.org
PLANTS:RUBUS
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1494
Rubus L.
rubus
raspberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32207
MANSFELD:15692
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1495
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
rosmarinus officinalis
rosemary plant
Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24209
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1496
grouper fish
epinephelus spp.
grouper
obsolete: snow crab
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KCA
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1498
Lithodes ferox Filhol 1885
lithodes ferox
king crab
*Xanthosoma sagittifolium*, the arrowleaf elephant ear or arrowleaf elephant's ear, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus *Xanthosoma*, which produces an edible, starchy tuber.
WIKIPEDIA:Xanthosoma_sagittifolium
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13955
GRIN:42090
ITIS:42586
PLANTS:XASA2
http://eol.org/pages/1127738
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1499
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott
arum sagittifolium
malanga
ocumo
tanier
tannia
tanyah
xanthosoma
xanthosoma sagittifolia
xanthosoma sagittifolium
yautia
arrowleaf elephant ear plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:180693
http://eol.org/pages/7685
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1500
cervid
cervidae
deer family
*Morus *, a genus of flowering plants in the family *Moraceae *, comprises 10-16 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions. The closely related genus *Broussonetia * is also commonly known as mulberry, notably the paper mulberry, *Broussonetia papyrifera *. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_(plant)]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/72690
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1501
morus spp.
mulberry plant
UGLI is the trademark of Cabel Hall Citrus Limited and under which they sell their Jamaican tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is *Citrus reticulata* × *Citrus paradisi*.
WIKIPEDIA:Ugli
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1502
citrus reticulata × citrus paradisi
ugli fruit
obsolete: lake trout
true
obsolete: breadfruit plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1505
homarus spp.
panulirus spp.
lobster
obsolete: albacore
true
The grapefruit (*Citrus × paradisi*) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (*C. sinensis*) and pomelo or shaddock (*C. maxima*), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the "forbidden fruit"; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8706
GRIN:10772
ITIS:28887
MANSFELD:7654
PLANTS:CIPA3
http://eol.org/pages/582202
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1507
Citrus X paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.)
Citrus paradisi Macfad.
Citrus x paradisi Macfad.
Citrus ×paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.)
citrus paradisi
citrus x paradisi
grapefruit plant
obsolete: american cranberry plant
true
obsolete: reindeer
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:168888
http://eol.org/pages/596447
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1510
Lutjanus Bloch, 1790
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
common snapper
lutjanus spp.
snapper
obsolete: dover sole
true
obsolete: bluefish
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1513
daikon plant
raphanus sativus longipinnatus
chinese radish plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2322
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1514
octopodidae
polypus
octopus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/37668
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1515
poppy
papaver
poppies
poppy plant
obsolete: king mackerel
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:19415
MANSFELD:22995
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1517
Humulus lupulus L.
humulus
hops plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1518
istiophoridae
billfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/28124
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1519
anarhichas spp.
wolffish
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25099
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1520
caulolatilus spp.
tilefish
obsolete: sailfish
true
obsolete: pyrus pyrifolia
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1524
serranidae
sea bass family
obsolete: muskrat
true
The genus *Ribes* includes the edible currants (blackcurrant, redcurrant, white currant), the gooseberry, and several hybrid varieties. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1528
edible currant plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12261
GRIN:29841
ITIS:24769
MANSFELD:9372
PLANTS:PRAR3
http://eol.org/pages/301091
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1529
Prunus armeniaca L.
prunus armeniaca
apricot tree
Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English) (*Citrus japonica*) are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus *Fortunella*, or placed within *Citrus sensu lato*. The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (*Citrus sinensis*), but it is much smaller, being approximately the size and shape of a large olive. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumquat]
http://langual.org
ITIS:500284
PLANTS:FORTU
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1530
Fortunella Swingle
fortunella spp.
kumquat plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1531
capsicum annum
spanish paprika pepper
pimiento pepper plant
http://langual.org
Hippoglossus
http://eol.org/pages/23978
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1532
hippoglossus spp.
reinhardtius spp.
halibut
The hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8880
DPNL 2003:8881
GRIN:11643
GRIN:300151
ITIS:501642
MANSFELD:21811
PLANTS:COAV80
PLANTS:CORYL
http://eol.org/pages/1147599
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1533
Corylus
Corylus spp.
corylus
hazelnut
Corylus L.
corylus avellana
corylus maxima
filbert
filbert nut
hazel
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hazel fruit (nut) index both *HAZEL [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelnut
european filbert plant
obsolete: yellowtail
true
Agave is a genus of monocots native to the hot and arid regions of Mexico and the Southwestern United States. Some agave species are also native to tropical areas of South America. Some species are known by the name "century plant". Agave tequilana, agave azul or blue agave, is used in the production of tequila. Agave nectar, also called agave syrup, a sweetener derived from Agave sap, is used as an alternative to sugar in cooking, and can be added to breakfast cereals as a binding agent.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1535
agave plant
obsolete: coconut palm plant
true
obsolete: white-tailed deer
true
The shallot is a type of onion, specifically a botanical variety of the species *Allium cepa*. The shallot was formerly classified as a separate species,* A. ascalonicum*, a name now considered a synonym of the currently accepted name.
Like garlic, shallots are formed in clusters of offsets with a head composed of multiple cloves. The skin colour of shallots can vary from golden brown to gray to rose red, and their off-white flesh is usually tinged with green or magenta. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallot]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7310
GRIN:101652
ITIS:42720
MANSFELD:110
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1538
Allium cepa L.
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G.Don
allium cepa var. aggregatum
shallot plant
In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit, stone or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside.
WIKIPEDIA:Drupe
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1539
drupe
pit fruit
stone fruit plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24821
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1540
sphyraena spp.
barracuda
obsolete: oregano plant
true
Beech (*Fagus*) is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family *Fagaceae*, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. The fruit of the beech tree is known as beechnuts or mast and is found in small burrs that drop from the tree in autumn. It is small, roughly triangular and edible, with a bitter, astringent taste.
WIKIPEDIA:Beech
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/107351
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1543
beech nut tree
fagus spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *BEECH [B1543]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
beech tree
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/107742
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1544
castanea spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHESTNUT [B1544]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chestnut tree
obsolete: jackfruit tree
true
obsolete: kawakawa
true
obsolete: sunflower plant
true
obsolete: safflower plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:9245
MANSFELD:1333
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1549
Carum carvi L.
carum carvi
cumin des pres
kummel
caraway plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1550
Petroselinum J. Hill
petroselinum spp.
parsley plant
A plant cultivated for its ornamental flower, edible root, and herbal properties. It also grows wild in many places and is one of the most widely known species of the salsify genus, Tragopogon.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:36817
MANSFELD:32164
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1551
Jerusalem star
common salsify
goatsbeard
oyster plant
purple salsify
salsify
tragopogon porrifolius
vegetable oyster
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
salsify plant
Common chicory, *Cichorium intybus*, is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Various varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. *sativum*), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America and Australia, where it has become naturalized.
"Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (*Cichorium endivia*); these two closely related species are often confused.
WIKIPEDIA:Chicory
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8653
GRIN:10543
ITIS:36763
MANSFELD:31967
PLANTS:CIIN
http://eol.org/pages/467862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1552
Cichorium intybus L.
belgian endive
cichorium intybus
monk's beard
witloof chicory
chicory plant
Trees in the genus *Carya* are commonly known as hickory, derived from the Powhatan language of Virginia.Hickory nuts (*Carya*) and walnuts (*Juglans*) in the *Juglandaceae* family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, and thus not true botanical nuts. "Tryma" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes.
WIKIPEDIA:Hickory
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38128
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1553
carya spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hickory fruit (tryma/drupaceous nut) index both *HICKORY [B1553]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
hickory tree
obsolete: argentine anchovy
true
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11805
GRIN:27632
GRIN:312013
ITIS:26857
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
http://eol.org/pages/645324
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1555
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
phaseolus vulgaris plant
*Cinnamomum burmannii*, also known as Indonesian cinnamon, Padang cassia, Batavia cassia, or korintje, is one of several plants in the genus *Cinnamomum* whose bark is sold as the spice cinnamon. The most common and cheapest type of cinnamon in the US is made from powdered *C. burmannii*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_burmannii]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8667
ITIS:501525
PLANTS:CIBU2
http://eol.org/pages/483595
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1556
Cinnamomum burmanii Bl.
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & Th. Nees) Nees ex Blume
batavia cassia
cinnamomum burmannii
padang cassia
batavia cassia plant
Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perch
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24007
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1557
freshwater perch
perca spp.
perch
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1558
pilchard
sardina
sardinops
sardine
obsolete: dwarf banana plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1560
pea bean plant
navy bean plant
obsolete: red banana plant (Ensete ventricosum)
true
"Fordhook 242", bush type lima bean; 75 days, 1945 All-American Selection winner. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11804
GRIN:27591
ITIS:26850
MANSFELD:27587
PLANTS:PHLU2
http://eol.org/pages/645300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1562
Phaseolus lunatus L.
large lima bean
lima bean, large
fordhook lima bean plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1563
fjerkrae
gamebird
fowl
game birds
poultry or game bird
order=
obolibrary:FOODON_03411297 # vertebrate
obolibrary:FOODON_00002452 # invertebrate
obolibrary:PO_0000003 # whole plant
obolibrary:FOODON_03411301 # algae
obolibrary:FOODON_03411261 # fungae
obolibrary:FOODON_03412345 # lichen
This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1564
This was LanguaL definition: Individual plant or animal from which the food product or its major ingredient is derived; also a chemical food source [FDA CFSAN 1995].
food product organismal source
Aalmonid fish of the genus Coregonus that differ from other members of the genus in having upper and lower jaws of approximately equal length and high gill raker counts.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2777741
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1565
cisco
coregoninae
whitefish or cisco
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, salad greens, pot herbs, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_vegetable
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1566
leafy green
leafy vegetable plant
A bean plant is one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which has seed pods, seeds, and/or leaf material used for human or animal food.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1567
bean plant
Latundan bananas (also called Tundan, Silk bananas, Pisang raja sereh, Manzana bananas or Apple bananas), are triploid hybrid banana cultivars from the Philippines. It is one of the most common banana cultivars in the Philippines, along with the Lacatan and Saba bananas.
WIKIPEDIA:Apple_Banana
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1568
apple banana plant
obsolete: chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
true
obsolete: atlantic spanish mackerel
true
obsolete: chinese cinnamon plant
true
The Atheriniformes, also known as the silversides, are an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the Old World silversides and several less-familiar families, including the unusual *Phallostethidae*. The order includes at least 354 species. They are found worldwide in tropical and temperate marine and freshwater environments. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheriniformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8268
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1573
atheriniformes
fish, atheriniform
An eel is any fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species. Most eels are predators. The term "eel" (originally referring to the European eel) is also used for some other similarly shaped fish, such as electric eels and spiny eels, but these are not members of the Anguilliformes order. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1574
anguilliformes
fish, anguilliform
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:167
FAO ASFIS:HEP
ITIS:551209
http://eol.org/pages/1156440
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1575
Clupea pallasi Valenciennes, 1847
Clupea pallasii
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes 1847
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
clupea harengus pallasi
clupea pallasi
clupea pallasii
pacific herring
obsolete: woodchuck
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1577
white field corn plant
The Santa Claus melon, sometimes known as Christmas melon or Piel de Sapo, is a variety of melon that grows to approximately 1 foot in length and is oblong in shape. It has a thick outer green-striped rind with a pale green inner pulp that provides a mild melon flavor, that can be as sweet as honeydew melons, if not more so.
WIKIPEDIA:Santa_claus_melon
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1578
melon, santa claus
santa claus melon plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1579
vegetable-producing plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1580
yellow field corn plant
Perciformes, also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means "perch-like". They belong to the class of ray-finned fish, and comprise over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic ecosystems. The order contains about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perciformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1581
perciformes
fish, perciform
http://langual.org
GRIN:12571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1582
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.
honeydew melon plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/34545
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1583
cervus spp.
deer
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8417
GRIN:9445
MANSFELD:17782
PLANTS:CASA27
http://eol.org/pages/4197
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1584
Castanea sativa Mill.
castanea sativa
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *EUROPEAN CHESTNUT [B1584]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
european chestnut tree
obsolete: peach, freestone (plant)
true
obsolete: atlantic herring
true
obsolete: atlantic salmon
true
obsolete: black gram bean plant
true
obsolete: greenland halibut
true
Saigon cinnamon (*Cinnamomum loureiroi*, also known as Vietnamese cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia) is an evergreen tree indigenous to mainland Southeast Asia. Despite its name, Saigon cinnamon is more closely related to cassia (*C. cassia*) than to cinnamon (*C. verum*, "true cinnamon", Ceylon cinnamon), though in the same genus as both.
Saigon cinnamon is used primarily for its aromatic bark, which has a taste quite similar to that of *C. cassia*, but with a more pronounced and complex aroma. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saigon_cinnamon]
http://langual.org
GRIN:10583
http://eol.org/pages/4308
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1590
Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees
cassia, saigon
cinnamomum loureiroi
cinnamomum lourieri
saigon cinnamon plant
An immature chicken younger than five weeks old (previously five to six weeks), of either sex, with a ready-to-cook carcass weight of two pounds or less.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1591
Cornish game hen
Rock Cornish fowl
rock cornish chicken
In the past Rock Cornish game hens had been classified as younger than six weeks old, but modern rearing practices have led to faster maturation.
Rock Cornish game hen
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5157
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1592
salmoniformes
fish, salmoniform
obsolete: peach, clingstone (plant)
true
Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches and relatives. This order contains 11-12 families, over 400 genera, and more than 4,250 species, with new species being described every few months or so, and new genera being recognized frequently. They are most diverse in southeastern Asia, and are entirely absent from Australia and South America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriniformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3194
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1594
cypriniformes
minnow
sucker
fish, cypriniform
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1595
sweet corn, yellow
yellow vegetable corn plant
obsolete: stone pine tree
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1597
sweet corn, white
white vegetable corn plant
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbel. Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed or fished for food. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5083
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1598
catfishes
silures
fish, siluriform
A type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily *Maloideae* of the family *Rosaceae*.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1599
maloideae
pome fruit plant
Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, *Clupeidae*, and the anchovy family, *Engraulidae*. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clupeiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3190
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1601
clupeiformes
fish, clupeiform
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1603
white asparagus plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1604
green asparagus plant
Succotash made with butter beans (lima beans), corn, tomatoes, butter, water, sugar, salt and pepper.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1606
corn, lima beans and tomatoes
lima bean, corn and tomatoes
lima bean, sweet corn and tomatoes
tomato, corn and lima beans
tomato, sweet corn and lima beans
vegetable corn, lima bean and tomato
triple succotash
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1607
nut or edible seed producing plant
A cherry tomato is a small variety of tomato that has been cultivated since at least the early 1800s and thought to have originated in Peru and Northern Chile. Cherry tomatoes range in size from a thumbtip up to the size of a golf ball, and can range from being spherical to slightly oblong in shape. The more oblong ones often share characteristics with plum tomatoes, and are known as grape tomatoes. The cherry tomato is regarded as a botanical variety of the cultivated berry, *Solanum lycopersicum* var. *cerasiforme*.
WIKIPEDIA:Cherry_tomato
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:406486
ITIS:566309
PLANTS:SOLYC
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1608
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, G.J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) Fosberg
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen
cherry tomato
lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
midget tomato
miniature tomato plant
obsolete: sweet marjoram plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8107
GRIN:7675
ITIS:530959
MANSFELD:23884
PLANTS:BROLG
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1611
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenker
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.
brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
brussels sprout plant
obsolete: danube salmon
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38372
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1614
vaccinium spp.
vaccinium berry plant
obsolete: spotted seatrout
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1616
ash gourd
benincasa ceriflora
benincasa hispida
chinese watermelon
dung gwa
kundur
tunka
wax gourd
white gourd
white pumpkin
zit kwa
chinese preserving melon plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1617
yellow popcorn plant
obsolete: black raspberry plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/39388
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1620
moschus spp.
musk deer
obsolete: sika deer
true
obsolete: mule deer
true
obsolete: tea plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1624
amphibia
amphibian
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1703
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1625
reptilia
reptile
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7630
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1626
dasypodidae
armadillo
obsolete: burbot
true
obsolete: longan tree
true
obsolete: rambutan tree
true
obsolete: wahoo
true
Whelk is a common name that is applied to various kinds of sea snail. Although a number of whelks are relatively large and are in the family Buccinidae (the true whelks), the word whelk is also applied to some other marine gastropod mollusc species within several families of sea snails that are not very closely related. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whelk]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1633
buccinum spp.
busycon spp.
neptunea spp.
whelk
obsolete: passion fruit
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:11177
MANSFELD:29329
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1636
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.
colocasia esculenta
dasheen
eddo
old cocoyam
taro plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1640
Merlangius Geoffroy, 1767
frostfish
marling
merlangius spp.
whiting
The docks and sorrels, genus *Rumex* L., are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family *Polygonaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12694
GRIN:32518
ITIS:504901
MANSFELD:9486
PLANTS:RUAC2
http://eol.org/pages/38064
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1641
dock (plant)
rumex
rumex spp
sorrel
sour grass
Rumex acetosa L.
sorrel plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:29453
MANSFELD:8008
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1642
portulaca spp.
purslane
Portulaca oleracea L. ssp. sativa (Haw.) Celak.
purslane plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1643
capsicum annuum, longum group
capsicum chile pepper
cayenne pepper
chile pepper
chili pepper
long pepper
red pepper (chile pepper)
hot pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2330
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1644
sepiidae
cuttlefish
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1646
burdock root
lappa plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1647
tussilago farfara
coltsfoot plant
obsolete: blue crab
true
obsolete: strawberry guava plant
true
obsolete: Syzygium cumini plant
true
obsolete: surinam cherry plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1658
green kidney bean plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1659
phaseolus vulgaris
red kidney bean plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1661
crenshaw melon plant
The damson plum (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *insititia*, or sometimes *Prunus insititia*), also archaically called the "damascene" is an edible drupaceous fruit, a subspecies of the plum tree. Damsons are relatively small plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat astringent taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in fruit preserves or jam. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damson]
http://langual.org
GRIN:29889
MANSFELD:9338
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1662
Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C. K. Schneid.
bullace
prunus domestica insititia
prunus insititia
damson plum plant
Horse bean and field bean refer to *Vigna faba* L. cultivars with smaller, harder seeds (more like the wild species) used for animal feed, though their stronger flavour is preferred in some human food recipes, such as falafel.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba
http://langual.org
field bean
DPNL 2003:13823
GRIN:41483
ITIS:26339
PLANTS:VIFA
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1663
vicia faba equina
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (varieties for fodder)
Vicia faba var. equina Pers.
horse bean plant
obsolete: kiwifruit plant (A. chinensis)
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:300197
MANSFELD:3384
PLANTS:ELCA19
http://eol.org/pages/8183
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1665
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
elettaria cardamomum
green cardamom plant
The jalapeño is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species *Capsicum annuum*. It can have a range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of 3,500 to 8,000. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapeño]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1666
jalapeno pepper plant
A tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is the only species in genus Vitellaria, and is indigenous to Africa.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1667
Butyrospermum parkii
shea tree
sheabutter tree
vitellaria paradoxa
sheanut tree
In general, a sheep in its first year is called a lamb and its meat is also called lamb.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1669
lamb
obsolete: sauger
true
Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/37701
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1672
barbary fig
cholla
cholla cactus
nopal plant
opuntia spp.
opuntia vulgaris
tuna (opuntia)
prickly pear plant
Ginseng is any one of 11 species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the genus *Panax* of the family *Araliaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Ginseng
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5432
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1673
panax
ginseng plant
obsolete: nettle plant
true
The Greengage (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *italica* or the Reine Claude) is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivar of the plum.
WIKIPEDIA:Greengage
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12273
GRIN:448303
MANSFELD:9343
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1675
Prunus domestica L. subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams
Prunus domestica subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi
prunus insititia var. italica
greengage plum plant
*Prunus cerasifera* is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.
Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_plum]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12267
GRIN:29860
MANSFELD:9307
PLANTS:PRCE2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1676
Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.
prunus cerasifera
cherry plum plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1680
field corn and sugar cane
obsolete: sugar cane and field corn
true
obsolete: lamb's quarter plant
true
obsolete: bocaccio
true
obsolete: dolly varden
true
obsolete: cape gooseberry plant
true
obsolete: mammea americana tree
true
obsolete: carambola tree
true
obsolete: cherimoya tree
true
obsolete: oheloberry plant
true
obsolete: custard apple tree
true
obsolete: akee plant
true
obsolete: roselle plant
true
obsolete: sapodilla plant
true
Sapote (from Nahuatl tzapotl) is a term for a soft, edible fruit. The word is incorporated into the common names of several unrelated fruit-bearing plants native to Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America.
WIKIPEDIA:Sapote
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1694
calocarpum sapota
caolcarpum mammosum
lucuma mammosa
mamey colorado
mamey sapote
mammee sapote
marmalade fruit
marmalade plum
pouteria sapota
sapota
sapote plant
obsolete: tamarind plant
true
Fenugreek (*Trigonella foenum-graecum*) is an annual plant in the family *Fabaceae*, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its seeds and its leaves are common ingredients in dishes from South Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenugreek]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13644
GRIN:40421
ITIS:505590
MANSFELD:30938
PLANTS:TRFO80
http://eol.org/pages/703366
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1696
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
trigonella foenum-graecum
fenugreek plant
obsolete: english holly plant
true
A species of flowering plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is found in Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It has also been naturalized in the Caribbean.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:24865
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1699
barak
ucuhuba
virola sebifera
virola surinamensis
Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb.
ucuhuba plant
obsolete: flax plant
true
*Lupinus*, commonly known as lupin or lupine (North America), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*. The genus includes over 200 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupinus]
http://langual.org
GRIN:22802
MANSFELD:31557
http://eol.org/pages/27789
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1701
Lupinus albus L.
lupnius spp.
lupine bean plant
obsolete: rice bean plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1703
ricinus communis
castor bean plant
obsolete: jojoba plant
true
obsolete: babassu palm plant
true
*Crataegus*, commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn, *C. monogyna*, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus *Rhaphiolepis*.
WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8958
GRIN:300154
PLANTS:CRATA
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1708
Crataegus
Crataegus L.
Crataegus sp.
crataegus spp.
haw
hawthorn plant
A young chicken between eight and 12 weeks old, of either sex, with a ready-to-cook carcass weight of five pounds or more, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and breastbone cartilage that is somewhat less flexible than that of a broiler or fryer.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1710
roasting chicken
In the past roaster chickens had been classified as three to five months old, but modern rearing practices have led to faster maturation.
roaster chicken
A surgically neutered male chicken younger than four months old (previously younger than eight months) that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1711
capon
A male chicken (usually under 10 months of age) with coarse skin, somewhat toughened and darkened flesh, and considerable hardening of the breastbone cartilage. Their condition is intermediate between that of a roaster chicken and a rooster.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1712
stag chicken
A mature female chicken (usually more than 10 months of age) with meat less tender than that of a roaster, and with a nonflexible breastbone tip.
http://langual.org
hen
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1713
stewing chicken
stewing hen
chicken hen
A mature male chicken with coarse skin, toughened and darkened meat, and hardened breastbone tip.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1714
cock
cockerel
rooster
The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera *Quercus* and *Lithocarpus*, in the family *Fagaceae*).
WIKIPEDIA:Acorn
http://langual.org
GRIN:300504
PLANTS:QUERC
http://eol.org/pages/32233
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1715
Quercus L.
Quercus sp.
acorn
oak nut
quercus spp.
oak tree
Sagittaria latifolia is a plant found in shallow wetlands. This plant produces edible tubers that were extensively used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1716
Indian potato
broadleaf arrowhead
duck-potato
sagittaria latifolia
wapato
arrowhead plant
*Amaranthus*, collectively known as amaranth or pigweed, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. Approximately 60 species are presently recognised, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold. Although several species are often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals and ornamentals. .
WIKIPEDIA:Amaranth
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/37601
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1717
amaranth (grain)
amaranthus spp.
pigweed
amaranth plant
A gourd is a plant of the family *Cucurbitaceae*. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons. The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two *Cucurbitaceae* genera *Lagenaria* and *Cucurbita*, or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[A gourd is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons.[1] The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two Cucurbitaceae genera Lagenaria and Cucurbita[citation needed], or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4458
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1719
cucurbitaceae
gourd plant
A vine grown for its fruit, which can be either harvested young to be consumed as a vegetable, or harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil.
http://langual.org
GRIN:21385
MANSFELD:3862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1720
bottle gourd
calabash
calabesh gourd
lagenaria siceraria
lagenaria vulgaris
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
calabash gourd plant
obsolete: sponge gourd plant
true
obsolete: breadnut plant
true
obsolete: chia plant
true
The asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) is a legume cultivated to be eaten as green pods. It is known as the yardlong bean, bora, bodi, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, pea bean, snake bean, or Chinese long bean. Despite the common name, the pods are actually only about half a yard long; the subspecies name sesquipedalis (one-and-a-half-foot-long) is a rather accurate approximation of the pods' length.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus_bean
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13841
GRIN:41646
ITIS:27018
PLANTS:VIUNS2
http://eol.org/pages/655178
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1724
asparagus bean
chinese long bean
long-podded cowpea
pea bean
snake bean
tau kok
vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
bodi
bora
dolichos sesquipedalis
vigna sesquipedalis
asparagus bean plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:104887
MANSFELD:27187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1725
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
dolichos lablab
lablab
lubia bean
hyacinth bean plant
obsolete: winged bean plant
true
obsolete: cardoon plant
true
Celtuce (*Lactuca sativa* var. *asparagina*, *augustana*, or *angustata*), is a cultivar of lettuce grown primarily for its thick stem, used as a vegetable.
Chinese lettuce
asparagus lettuce
celery lettuce
stem lettuce
celtuce plant
Celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), also called turnip-rooted celery (although it is not a close relative of the turnip), celery root, or knob celery, is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible stem or hypocotyl, and shoots.
http://langual.org
GRIN:3704
ITIS:530941
MANSFELD:1236
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1729
apium graveolens rapaceum
celeriac
celery root
knob celery
turnip-rooted celery
celeriac plant
obsolete: chayote plant
true
obsolete: nalta jute plant
true
obsolete: new zealand spinach plant
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:42538
PLANTS:SYFO
http://eol.org/pages/8191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1733
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
skunk cabbage
symplocarpus foetidus
swamp cabbage plant
obsolete: borage plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1736
agati grandiflora
sesbania grandiflora
sesbania plant
obsolete: tumble mustard plant
true
obsolete: jicama plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1739
fuki
petasites japonica
butter bur plant
obsolete: garland chrysanthemum plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1748
drumstick tree
moringa oleifera
moringa pterygosperma
horseradish tree
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1750
tree fern plant
A clementine (*Citrus × clementina*) is a tangor, a hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (*C. × deliciosa*) and a sweet orange (*C. × sinensis*), so named in 1902. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. Clementines can be separated into 7 to 14 segments. Similar to tangerines, they tend to be easy to peel. They are typically juicy and sweet, with less acid than oranges. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8690
GRIN:314344
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1751
Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka
citrus clementina
citrus reticulata cv. clementine
clementine plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:316913
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1752
Perideridia oregana (S. Watson) Mathias
epos root
perideridia oregana
squaw potato
eppaw plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1753
shellie bean
obsolete: green bean and pinto bean plant
true
obsolete: lamb's lettuce plant
true
The Carangidae are a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, and scads. They are marine fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates.
http://langual.org
Common names within family Carangidae are very disorderly, including Jacks, Amberjacks, Pompanos, Trevally, Bumpers and Scads, without clear deliniation as to which are which.[https://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/seafishv.html]
http://eol.org/pages/5361
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1755
jack family
scad family
carangidae
Carangidae family
obsolete: jewfish
true
obsolete: red grouper
true
obsolete: persian grouper
true
obsolete: greasy rockcod
true
obsolete: japan sea bass
true
obsolete: peruvian sea bass
true
obsolete: argentine sea bass
true
obsolete: bream
true
obsolete: white bass
true
obsolete: giant sea bass
true
obsolete: vermilion rockfish
true
obsolete: cowcod
true
obsolete: labrador redfish
true
obsolete: chilipepper (fish)
true
obsolete: black rockfish
true
obsolete: olive rockfish
true
obsolete: bank rockfish
true
obsolete: yelloweye rockfish
true
obsolete: canary rockfish
true
obsolete: speckled rockfish
true
obsolete: widow rockfish
true
obsolete: yellowtail rockfish
true
obsolete: blue runner
true
obsolete: florida pompano
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5287
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1782
mugilidae
mullet family
obsolete: flathead grey mullet
true
obsolete: fantail mullet
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:170337
http://eol.org/pages/5287
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1785
Mugil gaimardianus
Mugil gaimardianus Desmarest in Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1831
mugil gaimardianus
mullet, redeye
redeye mullet
obsolete: white mullet
true
obsolete: frigate tuna
true
obsolete: cabezon
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1789
Cottidae
cottidae
sculpin family
obsolete: atlantic mackerel
true
obsolete: pacific bonito
true
obsolete: atlantic bonito
true
obsolete: pacific sierra
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1794
paralonchurus spp.
croaker
obsolete: atlantic croaker
true
obsolete: freshwater drum
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:734
FAO ASFIS:PDR
ITIS:169348
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1797
Paralonchurus peruanus
Paralonchurus peruanus (Steindachner, 1875)
paralonchurus peruanus
peruvian croaker
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1798
lutjanidae
snapper family
obsolete: blackfin snapper
true
obsolete: silk snapper
true
obsolete: amarillo snapper
true
obsolete: mutton snapper
true
obsolete: spotted rose snapper
true
obsolete: colorado snapper
true
obsolete: malabar snapper
true
obsolete: humpback snapper
true
obsolete: skilfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5203
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1808
sparidae
porgy family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5268
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1809
percophidae
flathead family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5258
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1810
pomatomidae
bluefish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5138
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1811
hexagrammidae
greenling family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5317
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1812
haemulidae
sweetlip
grunt family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5317
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1813
Haemulon Cuvier, 1829
haemulon spp.
tomtate
grunt
obsolete: chilean croaker
true
obsolete: red hawaiian porgy
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5379
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1816
anarhichadidae
wolffish family
obsolete: atlantic wolffish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5358
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1818
centrarchidae
sunfish family
obsolete: black crappie
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5322
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1820
cutlassfish family
gempylidae
snake mackerel family
obsolete: escolar
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1822
cyclopteridae
snailfish family
obsolete: lumpfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5355
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1824
centropomidae
snook family
obsolete: common snook
true
Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family *Esocidae* the esocids which were endemic to North America, Europe and Eurasia during the Paleogene through present.
WIKIPEDIA:Esocidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5509
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1826
esocidae
pike family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5200
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1827
stromateidae
butterfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5202
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1829
sphyraenidae
barracuda family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5381
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1830
ammodytidae
sand lance family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5344
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1831
cichlidae
cichlid family
obsolete: blue tilapia
true
obsolete: mozambique tilapia
true
obsolete: nile tilapia
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1835
gadidae
cod family
obsolete: southern blue whiting
true
obsolete: blue whiting
true
obsolete: hoki
true
obsolete: white hake
true
obsolete: pacific cod
true
obsolete: atlantic cod
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:464
FAO ASFIS:ALK
FDA RFE 2010:88
ITIS:164722
http://eol.org/pages/5503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1843
Theragra chalcogramma
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814)
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1811)
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814)
theragra chalcogramma
walleye pollock
alaska pollock
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5410
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1844
ophidiidae
cusk-eel family
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:912
FAO ASFIS:OPT
http://eol.org/pages/5185
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1845
Macrozoarces americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Macrozoarces americanus (Schneider, 1801)
macrozoarces americanus
ocean pout
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5185
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1846
zoarcidae
eelpout family
obsolete: gulf menhaden
true
obsolete: atlantic menhaden
true
obsolete: pacific round herring
true
obsolete: atlantic thread herring
true
obsolete: blueback herring
true
obsolete: european sardine
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1854
engraulidae
anchovy
obsolete: northern anchovy
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5173
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1856
pleuronectidae
righteye flounder family
obsolete: black kingklip
true
obsolete: golden kingklip
true
obsolete: red kingklip
true
obsolete: longhead dab
true
obsolete: european plaice
true
obsolete: american plaice
true
obsolete: petrale sole
true
obsolete: rex sole
true
obsolete: slender sole
true
obsolete: arrowtooth flounder
true
obsolete: gray sole
true
obsolete: rock sole
true
obsolete: butter sole
true
obsolete: sand sole
true
obsolete: flathead sole
true
obsolete: yellowtail flounder
true
obsolete: indian ocean flounder
true
obsolete: starry flounder
true
obsolete: kamchatka flounder
true
obsolete: pacific halibut
true
obsolete: atlantic halibut
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1151
FAO ASFIS:SOL
ITIS:173001
http://eol.org/pages/5169
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1878
Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Solea vulgaris
Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806
sole, european
solea vulgaris
european dover sole
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5174
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1879
bothidae
paralichthyidae
lefteye flounder family
obsolete: fantail sole
true
obsolete: southern flounder
true
obsolete: california halibut
true
obsolete: summer flounder
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1884
atherinidae
silverside family
obsolete: south american silverside
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8245
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1886
exocoetidae
flying fish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8246
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1887
belonidae
needlefish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8243
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1888
scomberesocidae
saury family
obsolete: atlantic saury
true
obsolete: pacific saury
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1908
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1891
zeidae
dory family
The *Catostomidae* are the suckers of the order Cypriniformes, with about 78 species in this family of freshwater fishes. The *Catostomidae* are primarily native to North America, but *Catostomus catostomus* is found in both North America and Russia, and *Myxocyprinus asiaticus* is from China.. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catostomidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3196
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1892
catostomidae
sucker family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5468
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1893
lepisosteidae
gar family
Semionotiformes ("flag-back form") is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Triassic to the Cretaceous. The best-known genus is *Semionotus* of Europe and North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semionotiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5467
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1894
gars
lepisosteiformes
semionotiformes
fish, semionotiformes
The Zeiformes are a small order of marine ray-finned fishes most notable for the dories, a group of common food fish. The order consists of about 33 species in seven families, mostly deep-sea types. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1906
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1895
john dory
zeiformes
fish, zeiform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8301
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1896
polyodontidae
paddlefish family
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:STU
http://eol.org/pages/8302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1897
Acipenseridae
acipenseridae
sturgeon family
*Citrus bergamia*, the bergamot orange, is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness.
The fruit of the bergamot orange is edible.An essence extracted from the aromatic skin of this sour fruit is used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas, as well as confectionery (including Turkish delight). It is often used to make marmalade, particularly in Italy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamot_orange]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8689
GRIN:10698
ITIS:524859
MANSFELD:7666
PLANTS:CIAUB
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1898
Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engler
Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit.
Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engl.
citrus aurantium bergamia
citrus bergamia
citrus ×aurantium
bergamot orange plant
obsolete: channel catfish
true
obsolete: blue catfish
true
Airbreathing catfishes are fishes comprising the family *Clariidae* of order Siluriformes. About 14 genera and about 116 species of clariids are described. All the clariids are freshwater species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbreathing_catfish]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5106
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1901
clariidae
labyrinth catfish family
obsolete: capelin
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5399
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1904
osmeridae
smelt family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5399
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1905
Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
osmerus mordax mordax
rainbow smelt
smelt, rainbow
LanguaL curation note: See remarks on *RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]*.
atlantic rainbow smelt
obsolete: tench
true
obsolete: lake whitefish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1908
Notropis Rafinesque, 1818
notropis spp.
shiner
obsolete: milkfish
true
obsolete: tarakihi
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1911
squaliformes
fish, squaliform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8895
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1912
dogfish sharks
spiny dogfishes
squalidae
dogfish shark family
obsolete: dogfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8897
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1914
squatinidae
angel shark family
The *Lamnidae* are the family of mackerel or white sharks. They are large, fast-swimming sharks, found in oceans worldwide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamnidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1874
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1915
lamnidae
porbeagles
mackerel shark family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1901
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1916
carcharhinidae
requiem shark family
The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish.
obsolete: dolphinfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5341
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1918
coryphaenidae
dolphinfish family
Catjang (*Vigna unguiculata* subsp. *cylindrica*) is a subspecies of cowpea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catjang]
http://langual.org
GRIN:41645
ITIS:524854
MANSFELD:27314
PLANTS:VIUNC2
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1919
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata unguiculata Biflora Group
bombay cowpea
catjang
catjang cowpea
catjung
dolichos unguiculata
vigna cylindrica
vigna unguiculata
catjang bean plant
obsolete: moth bean plant
true
The *Cyprinidae* are the family of freshwater fishes, collectively called cyprinids, that includes the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (for example, the barbs and barbels). Also commonly called the "carp family", or "minnow family", Cyprinidae is the largest known fish family and the largest vertebrate animal family in general, with about 3,000 living and extinct species in about 370 genera. The family belongs to the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make more than two-thirds.. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1921
barbs
cyprinidae
minnow family
carp or minnow family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24043
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1922
minnow
phoxinus spp.
redbelly dace
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5292
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1923
branchiostegidae
malacanthidae
tilefish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5406
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1924
argentinidae
herring smelts
argentine family
obsolete: roach (fish)
true
obsolete: spotted chub mackerel
true
obsolete: white pomfret
true
obsolete: brazilian duckbill
true
obsolete: atlantic pomfret
true
obsolete: bullet tuna
true
obsolete: emperor snapper
true
obsolete: california corbina
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5343
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1934
cirrhitidae
hawkfish family
obsolete: nile perch
true
obsolete: bastard trumpeter
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5366
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1938
bramidae
castagnole
pomfret family
obsolete: argentine queenfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5375
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1940
arripidae
australian salmon family
obsolete: australian ruff
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1942
trachichthyidae
slimehead family
obsolete: red deepsea crab
true
obsolete: florida stone crab
true
obsolete: atlantic calico scallop
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1350
FAO ASFIS:SCZ
http://eol.org/pages/2249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1946
Pecten novaezelandiae
Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve 1852
Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve, 1852
pecten novaezelandiae
new zealand commercial scallop
obsolete: iceland scallop
true
obsolete: painted spiny lobster
true
obsolete: american lobster
true
obsolete: european lobster
true
obsolete: eastern oyster
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KOL
http://eol.org/pages/2248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1952
Crassostrea glomerata
Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850)
auckland oyster
crassostrea glomerata
saccostrea glomerata
new zealand rock oyster
obsolete: antarctic krill
true
WIKIPEDIA:Concholepas_concholepas
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SNE
http://eol.org/pages/2567539
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1955
Concholepas concholepas
Concholepas concholepas (Bruguiere 1789)
concholepas concholepas
false abalone
liparis spp.
locos
chilean abalone
obsolete: norway lobster
true
obsolete: pinkspotted shrimp
true
obsolete: olympia flat oyster
true
obsolete: atlantic surfclam
true
obsolete: edible rock crab
true
obsolete: kegani crab
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MUZ
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1963
Perna canaliculus
Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791)
green-lipped mussel
perna canaliculus
new zealand green mussel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AKK
ITIS:80930
http://eol.org/pages/2278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1964
Acanthocardia aculeata
Acanthocardia aculeata (Linnaeus, 1758)
acanthocardia aculeata
cardium aculeata
cardium echinatum
spiny cockle
obsolete: oil sardine
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1858
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1968
rajiformes
fish, rajiform
The *Pimelodidae*, commonly known as the long-whiskered catfishes, are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes). All species of Pimelodidae are found in South America and the lower Isthmian region. Their range reaches from South America and Panama north to southernmost Mexico. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimelodidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5091
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1969
pimelodidae
long whiskered catfish family
obsolete: northern shrimp
true
obsolete: blackback flounder
true
obsolete: green sturgeon
true
obsolete: white sturgeon
true
obsolete: japanese pilchard
true
obsolete: slime flounder
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8885
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1976
rajidae
skate family
The Tetraodontiformes are an order of highly derived ray-finned fish, also called the Plectognathi. Sometimes these are classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at least 349 species overall; most are marine and dwell in and around tropical coral reefs, but a few species are found in freshwater streams and estuaries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodontiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5052
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1977
fish, tetraodontiform
obsolete: porbeagle
true
obsolete: pacific giant oyster
true
obsolete: deepbody thread herring
true
obsolete: five-lined snapper
true
obsolete: gold-striped snapper
true
The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species. Member genera include the alfonsinos, squirrelfishes, flashlight fishes, fangtooth fishes, spinyfins, pineconefishes, redfishes, roughies, and slimeheads.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryciformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8234
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1983
beryciformes
fish, beryciform
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1984
sardinops ocellatus
south african pilchard
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7161
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1986
clawed lobsters
nephropidae
clawed lobster family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5299
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1988
latridae
latrididae
trumpeter family
obsolete: groper
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5056
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1990
tetraodontidae
pufferfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8916
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1993
protopteridae
african lungfish family
Lepidosireniformes are an order of lungfish containing the families *Lepidosirenidae* (the South American lungfish) and *Protopteridae* (the African lungfish). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidosireniformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8914
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1994
lepidosireniformes
fish, lepidosireniform
obsolete: silver moonfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5289
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1996
fingerfish family
monodactylidae
moonfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7208
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1997
scyllaridae
slipper lobsters
slipper lobster family
The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1998
decapoda
decapod
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11805
GRIN:27632
GRIN:312013
ITIS:26857
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
http://eol.org/pages/645324
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1999
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
phaseolus vulgaris
pink bean
small white bean
yellow bean
common bean plant
obsolete: roughscale flounder
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13867
GRIN:41879
ITIS:28608
PLANTS:VILA8
http://eol.org/pages/582348
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2001
Vitis labrusca L.
fox grape
vitis labrusca
vitis labruscana
fox grape plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2002
agave americana
agave atrovirens
american aloe
maguey
century plant
obsolete: spanish sardine
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2004
Percidae
percidae
true perch
perch family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2005
sciaenidae
drum family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5154
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2006
anoplopomatidae
sablefish family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2007
ictalurus spp.
bullhead catfish
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13992
GRIN:42282
ITIS:28598
PLANTS:ZIZI
http://eol.org/pages/4381
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2008
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Karst.
chinese date
chinese jujube
common jujube
jujube nut
red date
rhamnus ziziphus
ziziphus jujuba
ziziphus lotus
ziziphus vulgaris
ziziphus ziziphus
zizyphus sativa
chinese red date plant
obsolete: scarlet runner bean plant
true
obsolete: pigeon pea plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2011
crambe maritima
sea kale plant
obsolete: bilberry plant
true
Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11174
GRIN:24182
ITIS:506235
MANSFELD:9033
PLANTS:MEGE4
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2014
Mespilus germanica L.
mespilus germanica
medlar plant
obsolete: mexican ground cherry plant
true
*Solanum betaceum* (syn. *Cyphomandra betacea*) is a small tree or shrub in the flowering plant family Solanaceae "the nightshade plant". It is best known as the species that bears the tamarillo, an egg-shaped edible fruit. Other names include tree tomato, tomate de árbol, and dutch eggplant in Indonesia.
WIKIPEDIA:Cyphomandra_betacea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9134
GRIN:100825
ITIS:505817
PLANTS:CYBE3
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2016
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtner
Solanum betaceum Cav.
cyphomandra betacea
solanum betaceum
tamarillo
tree tomato plant
*Osmundastrum* is genus of leptosporangiate ferns in the family Osmundaceae with one accepted species, *Osmundastrum cinnamomeum*, the cinnamon fern. It is native to the Americas and eastern Asia, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmundastrum]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11537
ITIS:1012094
PLANTS:OSCI
http://eol.org/pages/6132997
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2017
Osmunda cinnamomea L.
Osmundastrum cinnamomea (L.) C. Presl
buckhorn (osmunda)
fiddlehead fern
osmunda cinnamomea
osmundastrum cinnamomea
cinnamon fern plant
The pomelo,* Citrus maxima*, or* Citrus grandis*, also called pomello, pummelo, pommelo, pumelo, pamplemousse, lusho fruit, jabong, Jambola or shaddock, is a natural (non-hybrid) citrus fruit, similar in appearance to a large grapefruit, native to South and Southeast Asia.
Typically, the fruit is pale green to yellow when ripe, with sweet white (or, more rarely, pink or red) flesh, and a very thick albedo (rind pith). It is a large citrus fruit, 15-25 centimetres (5.9-9.8 in) in diameter,[7] usually weighing 1-2 kilograms (2.2-4.4 lb). The fruit tastes like a sweet, mild grapefruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8696
GRIN:10744
ITIS:501574
MANSFELD:7643
PLANTS:CIMA5
http://eol.org/pages/488254
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2018
Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr.
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
citrus decumana
citrus grandis
citrus maxima
pomelo
shaddock
pummelo plant
Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. Likely having originated in Mexico, O. ficus-indica is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11476
GRIN:25840
MANSFELD:23079
PLANTS:OPFI
http://eol.org/pages/4228
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2019
Barbary fig
Indian fig opuntia
cactus pear
mission prickly-pear
opuntia ficus-indica
opuntia occidentalis
prickly pear
smooth mountain prickly-pear
smooth prickly-pear
spineless cactus
tuberous prickly-pear
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
indian fig plant
obsolete: roseapple plant
true
obsolete: highbush blueberry plant
true
obsolete: quinoa plant
true
Banana passionfruit is the fruit of several plants in the genus Passiflora, and are therefore related to the passion fruit. They look somewhat like a straight, small banana with rounded ends. It was given this name in New Zealand, where passionfruit are also prevalent. In Hawaii, it is called banana poka. In its Latin American homeland, it is known as curuba, curuba de Castilla, or curuba sabanera blanca (Colombia); taxo, tacso, tagso, tauso (Ecuador); parcha (Venezuela), tumbo or curuba (Bolivia); tacso, tumbo, tumbo del norte, trompos, or tintin (Peru).
WIKIPEDIA:Banana_passionfruit
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2028
curuba
passiflora spp.
banana passionfruit plant
obsolete: cloudberry plant
true
obsolete: miracle fruit
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2031
marrow, vegetable
vegetable marrow plant
obsolete: star apple plant
true
obsolete: mangosteen tree
true
The Zante currant (in the United States), or currant (in other English-speaking countries) are dried berries of small, sweet, seedless grape variety Black Corinth (*Vitis vinifera*).
Unprocessed currants must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) *Vitis vinifera* L. Black Corinth.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
Damion Dooley
WIKIPEDIA:Black_Corinth
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2038
Vitis vinifera L.
black corinth grape
currant
corinth grape plant
obsolete: juniper plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:314922
PLANTS:CILAC
http://eol.org/pages/4458
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2041
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf.
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.
citrullus lanatus var. citroides
citrullus vulgaris var. citroides
preserving melon
stock melon
citron melon plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:12567
http://eol.org/pages/4458
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2042
Cucumis melo var. chito (C. Morren) Naudin
garden lemon
melon apple
orange melon
vegetable orange
vine peach
mango melon plant
obsolete: fonio plant
true
A species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south.
Damion Dooley
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_virginiana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12304
GRIN:30151
ITIS:24806
PLANTS:PRVI
http://eol.org/pages/630083
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2044
Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa
Virginia bird cherry
bitter-berry
chokecherry
prunus virginiana
virginia chokecherry
western chokecherry
Prunus virginiana L.
chokecherry plant
Chamomile (American English) or camomile (British English) is the common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae.
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kamomillasaunio_%28Matricaria_recutita%29.JPG/325px-Kamomillasaunio_%28Matricaria_recutita%29.JPG
DPNL 2003:11102
GRIN:23475
ITIS:38079
PLANTS:MARE6
http://eol.org/pages/4206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2045
Italian camomilla
camomile
camomile
chamomile
common chamomile
german chamomile
hungarian chamomile
kamilla
matricaria chamomilla
matricaria recutita
scented chamomile
scented mayweed
wild chamomile
Matricaria chamomilla L.
Matricaria recutita L.
chamomile plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2046
cataria
nepeta cataria
catnip plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2047
larrea mexicana
larrea tridentata
chaparral plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:17820
MANSFELD:29969
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2048
Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
glycyrrhiza glabra
licorice plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2049
ephedra nevadensis
gray ephedra
mormon tea
nevada ephedra
nevada jointfir plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2050
grapple plant
harpagophytum procumbens
devil's claw plant
*Tilia * is a genus of about 30 species of trees native or bushes throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Commonly called lime trees or "'lime bushes'" in the British Isles, they are not closely related to the lime fruit. Other names include linden, and basswood for the North American species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13539
GRIN:310090
PLANTS:TILIA
http://eol.org/pages/4321
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2051
linden
Tilia
Tilia L.
Tilia spp.
tilia spp.
linden plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2052
european mistletoe
viscum album
mistletoe plant (european)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2053
erythroxylum coca
coca plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2054
altamisa
chrysanthemum parthenium
feverfew plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2055
agrimonia eupatoria
agrimony
cocklebur plant
*Senna *, the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family *Fabaceae*, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species in temperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.
Cassia gum, an extract of the seeds of Chinese senna (*S. obtusifolia*), is used as a thickening agent. The leaves and flowers of Siamese cassia (*S. siamea *) are used in some Southeast Asian cuisines, such as Thai and Lao cuisines. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_(plant)]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13049
GRIN:310662
PLANTS:SENNA
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2056
Senna
Senna Mill.
Senna spp.
cassia spp.
senna spp.
senna plant
obsolete: rooibos plant
true
Epazote, wormseed, Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea, Paico or Herba Sancti Mariæ (*Dysphania ambrosioides*, formerly *Chenopodium ambrosioides*) is an herb native to Central America, South America, and southern Mexico.
WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_ambrosioides
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8594
GRIN:446530
ITIS:20590
PLANTS:CHAM
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2058
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
chenopodium ambrosioides
dysphania ambrosoides
epazote
wormseed
mexican tea plant
A plant species (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) of the holly genus (Ilex)
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
GRIN:19756
MANSFELD:26742
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2059
ilex paraguariensis
paraguay tea
yerba mate
Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil.
mate plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2060
piper methysticum
kava plant
obsolete: grains-of-paradise plant
true
obsolete: naranjilla plant
true
obsolete: guarana plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2064
cucurbita pepo var. pepo
acorn squash plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2065
Smilax aristolochiifolia
sarsaparilla plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2066
guizotia abyssinica
ramtilla
niger (plant) plant
http://langual.org
obsolete: muskmelon plant
true
GRIN:319648
MANSFELD:23939
PLANTS:BRRAR
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
brassica campestris
broccoli raab
field mustard
rapini
field mustard plant
Mustards are several plant species in the genera *Brassica* and *Sinapis* whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as mustard or prepared mustard. The seeds are also pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens.
WIKIPEDIA:Mustard_plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2069
brassica spp.
sinapis spp.
mustard plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:21613
MANSFELD:30514
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2070
Lathyrus sativus L.
tare
vicia
vetch plant
White cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* convar. *capitata* var. *alba* L.) is a variety of the cabbage, a cultivar of the plant species *Brassica oleracea*. White cabbage is a winter vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:White_cabbage
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8102
GRIN:7672
MANSFELD:23907
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2071
Brassica oleracea L. var. alba DC.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata
brassica oleracea var. capitata
white cabbage plant
Brassica oleracea L. var. rubra DC.
red cabbage plant
Chinese cabbage (*Brassica rapa*, subspecies *pekinensis* and *chinensis*) can refer to two distinct varieties (see below) of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip. Both have many variations in name, spelling and scientific classification, especially the "bok choy" or chinensis variety.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8118
GRIN:319634
ITIS:506219
MANSFELD:23985
PLANTS:BRCH4
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2077
brassica chinensis
brassica rapa var. chinensis
pak choi
pok choi
Brassica chinensis L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
bok choy plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24987
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2078
rhinichthys spp.
dace
obsolete: bluegill
true
The Beurré Bosc or Bosc is a cultivar of the European Pear (*Pyrus communis*) grown in the northwestern U.S. states of California, Washington, and Oregon; Australia; as well as in British Columbia, Ontario and Europe, where it is sometimes called Kaiser.
Bosc pear plant
The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European Pear.
Anjou pear plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/60741
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2082
hibiscus spp.
hibiscus plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10658
GRIN:21361
ITIS:36607
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2083
crisphead lettuce
iceberg lettuce plant
Butterhead - Also known as Boston or Bibb lettuce, and traditional in the UK as "round lettuce", this type is a head lettuce with a loose arrangement of leaves, known for its sweet flavor and tender texture.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10658
GRIN:21361
ITIS:36607
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2084
var. capitata L. nidus tenerrima Helm
cabbage lettuce
head lettuce
lactuca sativa var. capitata
butterhead lettuce plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2085
boston lettuce
limestone lettuce
bibb lettuce plant
boston lettuce plant
Lettuce with loosely curled leaves that do not form a compact head.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10659
GRIN:404618
ITIS:36607
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2087
Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.
lactusa sativa crispa
loose leaf lettuce plant
Lollo Rosso is a red loose leaf type of lettuce. Lollo Rosso's sister varieties are Lollo Biando and Lollo Verde.
Lolla Rossa
Lollo Rossa
lollo rosso plant
cos lettuce
lactuca sativa var. cos
lactuca sativa var. longifolia
romaine plant
obsolete: walrus
true
Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds.
http://langual.org
GRIN:12957
MANSFELD:4048
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2091
Cucurbita maxima L. (Duch.)
pumpkin plant
cucurbita spp.
pumpkin, squash or gourd
squash, gourd or pumpkin plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/11012
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2092
macropodidae
macropus spp.
kangaroo
A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Horses and donkeys are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes. Of the two F1 hybrids between these two species, a mule is easier to obtain than a hinny (the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey). All male mules and most female mules are infertile.
WIKIPEDIA:Mule
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2093
equus asinus x equus caballus
mule
http://langual.org
ITIS:180402
MSW3:13400557
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2094
Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782)
Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782
coypu
myocastor coypus
river rat
nutria
obsolete: asian water buffalo
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:180690
MSW3:14100004
http://eol.org/pages/328647
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2096
Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758
ass
burro
equus asinus
donkey
obsolete: zebra
true
Members of the genus *Bison* are large, even-toed ungulates within the subfamily *Bovinae*. Two extant and four extinct species are recognized. The surviving species are the American bison, also known as the American buffalo (although it is only distantly related to the true buffalo), *Bison bison*, found in North America, and the European bison, or wisent (*Bison bonasus*), found in Europe and the Caucasus. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the plains bison, *Bison bison bison*, and the wood bison, *Bison bison athabascae*. While all bison species are usually grouped into their own genus, they are sometimes included in the closely related genus *Bos*, together with cattle, gaur, kouprey and yaks, with which bison have a limited ability to interbreed.
WIKIPEDIA:Bison
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/42293
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2098
bison spp.
bison
Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only currently living family in the suborder Tylopoda. The extant members of this group are: dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, wild Bactrian camels, llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelid
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38902
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2103
camelid
camelus spp.
camel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1300
FAO ASFIS:JAJ
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2105
Jacquinotia edwardsii
Jacquinotia edwardsii (Jacquinot, 1853)
jacquinotia edwardsii
maia
maja
new zealand crab
southern spider crab
new zealand spider crab
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/39553
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2106
portunus spp.
swim crab (portunus spp.)
obsolete: sea urchin
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2108
asteroidae
starfish
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2109
Evening primrose
oenothera biennis
evening primrose plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2110
bassia latifolia
east indian illipe
madhuca latifolia
tanga kwang
illipe plant
The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastropoda]
The taxonomic class *Gastropoda* also includes snails that live in different habitats, such as land snails, marine and freshwater snails..
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2366
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2111
gastropoda
gastropod
*Mollusca* is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca]
http://langual.org
EC:No 216/2009 MOL
FAO ASFIS:MOL
http://eol.org/pages/2195
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2112
Mollusca
mollusk
mollusc
*Bivalvia*, in previous centuries referred to as the *Lamellibranchiata* and *Pelecypoda*, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2215
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2113
bivalvia
lamellibranchiata
pelecypod
pelecypoda
bivalve
Snail is a common name loosely applied to shelled gastropods ... members of the molluscan class *Gastropoda* that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are often called semi-slugs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2114
snail
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum *Echinodermata* of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm]
http://langual.org
EC:No 1637/2001 ECH
FAO ASFIS:ECH
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2115
Echinodermata
Echinodermata Klein, 1734
echinodermata
echinoderm
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class *Cephalopoda* such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2312
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2116
cephalopoda
cephalopod
obsolete: ostrich
true
obsolete: woodcock
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2120
ogen melon plant
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Vitis-vinifera.JPG
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2121
common grape
common grape vine
european grape
vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera L.
european grape plant
Concord grapes are a cultivar derived from the grape species *Vitis labrusca* (a.k.a. fox grape) which are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes.
WIKIPEDIA:Concord_grape
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13867
GRIN:41879
ITIS:28608
PLANTS:VILA8
http://eol.org/pages/582348
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2122
Vitis labrusca L.
concord grape
vitis labrusca var. concord
concord grape (plant)
Muscadines are a grapevine species native to the present-day southeastern United States that has been extensively cultivated since the 16th Century.
WIKIPEDIA:Muscadine
http://langual.org
GRIN:41895
ITIS:28609
PLANTS:VIRO3
PLANTS:VIROR
http://eol.org/pages/582347
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2123
Vitis rotundifolia Michx.
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia
grape, scuppernong
muscadine grape
muscadinia rotundifolia
scuppernong grape
vitis rotundifolia
muscadine grape plant
obsolete: onderdonk grape plant
true
Variety of the Common Plum.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12270
GRIN:29888
ITIS:24774
MANSFELD:9332
PLANTS:PRDO
http://eol.org/pages/301139
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2125
Prunus domestica L.
prunus domestica
italian prune plum plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2126
tea or coffee plant
coffee or tea plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6965
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2127
balanus spp.
goose barnacles
lepadidae
lepas spp.
barnacle
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2630893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2128
barnacles
bernacles
cirripedia
cirriped
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1644
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2129
elephantidae
elephant
obsolete: hippopotamus
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24173
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2131
balistes app.
triggerfish
Filefish (also known as foolfish, leatherjackets or shingles) are tropical to subtropical tetraodontiform marine fish of the diverse family *Monacanthidae*. Found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, the filefish family contains approximately 107 species in 26 genera. Filefish are closely related to the triggerfish, pufferfish and trunkfish.
WIKIPEDIA:Monacanthidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5058
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2132
monacanthidae
filefish family
*Castanospermum australe* (Moreton Bay Chestnut or Blackbean), the only species in the genus *Castanospermum*, is a flowering plant in the family *Fabaceae*, native to the east coast of Australia in Queensland and New South Wales, and to the Pacific islands of Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and the island of New Britain (Papua New Guinea). Members of this genus accumulate iminosugars in their leaves.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanospermum]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8419
GRIN:9525
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2133
Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. & C. Fraser ex Hook.
Castanospermum australe A.Cunn. & C.Fraser ex Hook.
black turtle bean
castanospermum australe
moreton bay chestnut plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2134
lippia micromera
thyme, spanish
spanish thyme plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2135
perilla frutescens crispa
beefsteak plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2136
dogfish shark, carnivorous
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2137
dogfish shark, herbivorous
Triggerfishes are about 40 species of often brightly colored fishes of the family *Balistidae*. Often marked by lines and spots, they inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world, with the greatest species richness in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found in relatively shallow, coastal habitats, especially at coral reefs, but a few, such as the aptly named oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata), are pelagic. While several species from this family are popular in the marine aquarium trade, they are often notoriously ill-tempered.
WIKIPEDIA:Balistidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5061
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2138
balistidae
triggerfish family
obsolete: sago palm plant
true
obsolete: pearl millet plant
true
http://langual.org
obsolete cape hake
true
http://langual.org
obsolete argentine hake
true
obsolete: cusk
true
obsolete: ling
true
obsolete: rock cod
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2146
oligoplites spp.
leatherjacket genus
obsolete: african pompano
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:168883
http://eol.org/pages/5294
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2148
Lutjanus inermis
Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869)
lutjanus inermis
golden snapper
obsolete: pacific snapper
true
obsolete: caribbean red snapper
true
obsolete: queen snapper
true
obsolete: flatiron herring
true
obsolete: shortfin corvina
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BPV
http://eol.org/pages/5091
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2154
Brachyplatystoma flavicans (Castelnau 1855)
amazon catfish
brachyplatystoma flavicans
south american catfish
obsolete: brazilian catfish
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:3959
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2156
Argemone mexicana L.
argemone
argemony
argenone mexicana
mexican prickly-poppy
mexican-poppy
prickly poppy plant
Melia azedarach is a species of deciduous tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, that is native to Indomalaya and Australasia. Leaves and fruit (in quantity) are toxic to humans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melia_azedarach
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Melia_azedarach_01434.jpg/320px-Melia_azedarach_01434.jpg
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2157
Cape lilac
Indian lilac
Persian lilac
Pride of India
bead-tree
syringa berrytree
melia azedarach
sadao
chinaberry tree
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2158
celosia argentea
soko
feather cockscomb plant
obsolete: yellow nutsedge plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2160
groundsel plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/37840
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2161
rhus spp.
sumac plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7125
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2162
craylets
galatheidae
squat lobsters
squat lobster family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7174
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2163
palinuridae
spiny lobster family
obsolete: caribbean spiny lobster
true
obsolete: ornate spiny lobster
true
obsolete: cape spiny lobster
true
obsolete: gilchrist spiny lobster
true
obsolete: japanese spiny lobster
true
obsolete: longlegged spiny lobster
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5499
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2170
moridae
morid cod family
obsolete: asafoetida plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:24520
MANSFELD:3744
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2172
Momordica charantia L.
momordica balsamina
balsam apple plant
obsolete: scaled sardine
true
obsolete: gafftopsail catfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25047
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2175
diodon spp.
fugu
porcupinefish
obsolete: peruvian menhaden
true
obsolete: american eel
true
obsolete: horse-eye jack
true
obsolete: red cod
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24688
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2180
centropristis spp.
sea bass
obsolete: striped bass
true
obsolete: largemouth bass
true
obsolete: white catfish
true
obsolete: cape dory
true
obsolete: snake mackerel
true
obsolete: unicorn filefish
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2187
Opsanus Rafinesque, 1818
opsanus
toadfish
obsolete: indian threadfin
true
obsolete: striped bonito
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/17440
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2191
semotilus spp.
creek chub
obsolete: chilean pilchard
true
obsolete: ocean quahog
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24940
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2195
prionotus spp.
searobin
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25337
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2198
menticirrhus spp.
weakfish
kingfish
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2200
batrachoidiformes
fish, batrachoidiform
obsolete: pronghorn spiny lobster
true
obsolete: common spiny lobster
true
obsolete: scalloped spiny lobster
true
A small, lobster-like crustacean found in the cold, deep waters off the coast of Chile.
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PQG
http://eol.org/pages/7125
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2205
Pleuroncodes monodon
Pleuroncodes monodon (H. Milne Edwards 1837)
carrot squat lobster
galathea monodon
pleuroncodes monodon
red crab
squat lobster
langostino colorado
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CZJ
http://eol.org/pages/7125
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2206
chilean baby crawfish
deep sea cray
sea cray
south pacific shellfish
Cervimunida johni
Cervimunida johni Porter 1903
blue squat lobster
cervinumida johni
langostino amarillo
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/15013
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2207
ibacus spp.
fan lobster
obsolete: royal spiny lobster
true
King crabs are a taxon of crab-like decapod crustaceans chiefly found in cold seas. Because of their large size and the taste of their meat, many species are widely caught and sold as food, the most common being the red king crab (*Paralithodes camtschaticus*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_crab]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7152
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2209
Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819
king crabs
lithodidae
king crab family
obsolete: blue king crab
true
obsolete: red king crab
true
*Portunidae* is a family of crabs which contains the swimming crabs. Its members include many well-known shoreline crabs, such as the European shore crab (*Carcinus maenas*), blue crab (*Callinectes sapidus*), velvet crab (*Necora puber*) and lady crab (*Ovalipes ocellatus*). Two genera in the family are contrastingly named *Scylla* and *Charybdis*; the former contains the economically important species black crab (*Scylla serrata*) and *Scylla paramamosain*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2212
portunidae
swimming crabs
swimming crab family
obsolete: blue swimming crab
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1287
FAO ASFIS:GAZ
http://eol.org/pages/7194
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2214
Portunus trituberculatus (Miers 1876)
Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876)
formosan crab
gazami crab
portunus trituberculatus
oriental blue crab
Mud crab may refer to any crab that lives in or near mud, such as: species from family *Portunidae*, such as *Scylla serrata*; *Scylla tranquebarica*; *Scylla paramamosain*; members of the family *Panopeidae*, such as *Panopeus herbstii*; members of the family *Xanthidae*; *Helice crassa*, the tunnelling mud crab. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_crab]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7194
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2215
mud crabs
panopeidae
pebble crabs
portunidae
rubble crabs
scylla spp.
xanthidae
mud crab family
obsolete: smooth redeye crab
true
obsolete: rough redeye crab
true
*Coenobitidae* are the family of terrestrial hermit crabs, widely known for their land-living habits. They are found in coastal tropical regions around the world and require access to the ocean to breed. There are 17 species in two genera: Coenobita Latreille, 1829; Birgus Leach, 1816. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenobitidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604272
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2218
coenobitidae
land hermit crabs
coconut crab family
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BQL
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2219
Birgus latro (Linnaeus 1767)
birgus latro
purse crab
robber crab
coconut crab
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2220
grapsidae
marsh crabs
shore crabs
talon crabs
shore, marsh and talon crab family
obsolete: striped shore crab
true
*Majidae* is a family of crabs, comprising around 200 marine species inside 52 genera, with a carapace that is longer than it is broad, and which forms a point at the front. The legs can be very long in some species, leading to the name "spider crab". The exoskeleton is covered with bristles to which the crab attaches algae and other items to act as camouflage. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2222
majidae
spider crab family
obsolete: grooved tanner crab
true
obsolete: triangle tanner crab
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2225
Chionoecetes japonicus
beni-zuwai crab
chionoecetes japonicus
japanese spider crab
*Dromiidae* is a family of crabs, often referred to as sponge crabs. They are small or medium-sized crabs which get their name from the ability to shape a living sponge into a portable shelter for themselves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2226
dromiidae
sponge crabs
sponge crab family
obsolete: hairy sponge crab
true
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geryonidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2228
deepsea crabs
geryonidae
deep sea crab family
obsolete: pacific deep sea crab
true
*Atelecyclidae* is a family of crabs belonging to the Cancroidea superfamily, and currently contains eight genera of which two are extinct. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelecyclidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2230
atelecyclidae
horse crabs
horse crab family
obsolete: red swamp crayfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/36138
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2232
dublin bay prawn
metanephrops nei
metanephrops spp.
deep sea lobster
obsolete: blue shrimp
true
obsolete: whiteleg shrimp
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5121
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2235
triglidae
searobin family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2236
eutrema wasabi
japanese horseradish
wasabia japonica
wasabi plant
obsolete: kahawai
true
obsolete: white trevally
true
obsolete: northern puffer
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4228
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2241
cactaceae
cactus plant
An adult male swine.
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
wild boar
boar
obsolete: bluefin searobin
true
Salmo is a genus of fish in the salmon family Salmonidae that includes the European species of salmon and trout, among them the familiar Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the brown trout Salmo trutta.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2250
salmo spp.
salmo
obsolete: green jack
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5262
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2253
threadfine
polynemidae
threadfin family
obsolete: silver carp
true
Black pepper consists of unripe whole fruit that are sundried. White pepper consists of the seeds only of ripe fruit.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2255
piper nigrum
black or white pepper plant
obsolete: blood snapper
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://eol.org/pages/2295
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2261
Paphies subtriangulata
Paphies ventricosa
paphies subtriangulatum
paphies ventricosa
tuatua
new zealand wedge clam
*Lippia graveolens*, a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, *Verbenaceae*, is native to the southwestern United States (Texas and southern New Mexico), Mexico, and Central America as far south as Nicaragua. Common names include Mexican oregano, redbrush lippia, orégano Cimmaron, scented lippia, and scented matgrass.
The essential oil of *Lippia graveolens* contains 0-81% thymol, 0-48% carvacrol, 3-30% para-cymene, and 0-15% eucalyptol. The first two components give the plant a flavor similar to oregano, and the leaves are widely used as an herb in Mexico and Central America [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippia_graveolens]
http://langual.org
GRIN:101142
ITIS:32068
PLANTS:LIGR6
http://eol.org/pages/4304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2262
Lippia graveolens Kunth
lippia graveolens
mexican marjoram
mexican oregano
mexican sage
mexican sage, origan
mexican wild sage
oregano, lippia
oreganum
origan
sage, mexican
oregano, mexican (plant)
*Batrachoididae* is the only family in the ray-finned fish order Batrachoidiformes. Members of this family are usually called toadfish, or "frogfish": both the English common name and scientific name refer to their toad-like appearance. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrachoididae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2264
batrachoididae
toadfish family
The Scorpaeniformes are a diverse order of ray-finned fish, including the well-known lionfish, but have also been called the Scleroparei. It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species with over 1,320. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpaeniformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5120
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2265
scorpaeniformes
fish, scorpaeniform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8902
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2267
chimaeriformes
fish, chimaeriform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8903
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2268
callorhinchidae
callorhynchidae
elephatfish
plownose chimera family
obsolete: elephant fish
true
obsolete: garden cress plant
true
obsolete: bandtail puffer
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2272
wild caia plant
Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as West Indian lemon grass or simply lemon grass, is a tropical plant native to Island Southeast Asia and introduced to many tropical regions. Cymbopogon citratus is often sold in stem form.
http://langual.org
GRIN:12797
MANSFELD:36188
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2273
lemon grass
lemongrass
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.
cymbopogon citratus
fever grass
west indian lemongrass
lemon grass plant
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:UAG
ITIS:171055
http://eol.org/pages/5190
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2274
Astroscopus guttatus Abbott, 1860
astroscopus guttatus
spotted stargazer
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5190
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2275
uranoscopidae
stargazer family
obsolete: tautog
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2277
Labridae Cuvier, 1816
labridae
wrasse family
obsolete: european john dory
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2279
cellana denticulata
fissurellidae
lapa
patella caerulea
patella vulgata
true limpets
limpet
obsolete: queenfish
true
obsolete: white croaker
true
obsolete: red porgy
true
obsolete: humpback whitefish
true
obsolete: mexican flounder
true
obsolete: harvestfish
true
obsolete: scrawled sole
true
obsolete: naked sole
true
obsolete: hogchoker
true
obsolete: blue cod
true
Weevers (or weeverfish) are 9 extant species of fishes of family *Trachinidae*, order Perciformes. They are long (up to 37 cm), mainly brown in color, and have venomous spines on their first dorsal fins and gills. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weever]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5195
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2291
trachinidae
weeverfish family
obsolete: eelpout
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1704
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2293
lacertilia
squamata
lizard
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:194
FAO ASFIS:CPI
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2294
Sardinops caeruleus (Girard 1854)
Sardinops caeruleus (Girard, 1854)
californian sardine
sardinops caeruleus
california pilchard
Zanthoxylum (including Fagara) is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family, Rutaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. Common names include Prickly-ash and Hercules' Club.
WIKIPEDIA:Zanthoxylum
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38359
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2295
zanthoxylum spp.
prickly ash plant
obsolete: devil ray
true
obsolete: devilfish
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2298
mobulidae
manta family
obsolete: conger eel
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8292
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2300
congridae
conger eel family
obsolete: sand perch
true
obsolete: inconnu
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5385
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2303
acanthuridae
surgeonfish family
obsolete: blue warehou
true
obsolete: kanda
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2306
zanthoxylum piperitum
japan pepper plant
obsolete: striped snakehead
true
obsolete: snakehead
true
The snakeheads are members of the freshwater perciform fish family *Channidae*, native to parts of Africa and Asia. These elongated, predatory fish are distinguished by their long dorsal fins, large mouths, and shiny teeth. They breathe air with gills, which allows them to migrate short distances over land. They are valuable as a food source and have become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakehead_(fish)]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5349
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2309
channidae
snakehead family
The Betel (*Piper betle*) is a spice whose leaves have medicinal properties. The plant is evergreen and perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins, and grows to a height of about 1 metre. The Betel plant originated in Malaysia and now grows in India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The best Betel leaf is the "Magahi" variety (literally from the Magadha region) grown near Patna in Bihar, India. The plant is known by a series of different names in the regions in which it is consumed - among these are Vetrilai (Tamil) (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Betel).
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2310
betle pepper
piper betle
betel plant
Betel nut, also known as Pinang or Areca nut, is the seed of the Betel Palm (*Areca catechu*). Betel nuts are often chewed for their helpful effects, which are caused by the relatively high levels of alkaloids in the seed. Chewing betel nuts is an important and popular cultural activity in many Asian countries
WIKIPEDIA:Betel_nut
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2311
areca catechu
betel nut palm plant
obsolete: dusky smooth-hound
true
obsolete: john's snapper
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2314
gasterochisma melampus
gastoro
butterfly mackerel
Amanatsu or natsumikan is a yellowish orange citrus hybrid fruit, a group of cultivars of *Citrus natsudaidai*, which were discovered in 1740 in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan. Natsumikan is about the size of grapefruit and oblate in shape. The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. The rough textured fruit is easy to peel and is commonly eaten fresh. It is also used for wide variety of products ranging from marmalades to alcoholic beverages. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanatsu]
http://langual.org
GRIN:10757
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2315
Citrus natsudaidai Hayata
citrus aurantium subsp. nastridaidai
citrus natsudaidai
golden oriental grapefruit
summer orange
summer tangerine
summer orange plant
obsolete: silver catfish
true
obsolete: african mudfish
true
obsolete: neet (fish)
true
obsolete: calico clam
true
obsolete: atlantic seabob
true
*Turbinidae*, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily *Trochoidea*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbinidae]
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1315
FAO ASFIS:TOS
http://eol.org/pages/50502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2321
Turbo cornutus
Turbo cornutus Lightfoot 1786
nonodonta turbinata
turban snail
turbinidae
turbo
turbo cornutus
top shell
obsolete: rock shell snail
true
obsolete: hemp plant
true
obsolete: western australian gizzard shad
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2325
makaira nigricans
pacific blue marlin
blue marlin
http://langual.org
ITIS:205635
http://eol.org/pages/2298
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2326
Ensis americanus (Gould, 1870)
ensis americanus
siligna patula
american razor clam
obsolete: roughy
true
obsolete: orange roughy
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2329
trichilia emetica
mafurra plant
*Dolichos* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, and the subfamily *Faboideae*. It is distributed in Africa and Asia. The lablab bean (*Lablab purpureus*) was formerly included in *Dolichos*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolichos_(plant)]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/28202
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2330
dolichos plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2331
Phleum pratense L.
phleum pratense
timothy plant
obsolete: sweet clover plant
true
obsolete: red clover plant
true
obsolete: chain pickerel
true
obsolete: bar jack
true
obsolete: eurasian perch
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:13114
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2337
Dactylis glomerata L.
cocksfoot
dactylis glomerata
orchard grass plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:16631
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2338
Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
alta fescue
festuca arundinacea
festuca elatior
meadow fescue
tall fescue
reed fescue plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2339
african marigold
big marigold
tagetes erecta
aztec marigold plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12474
GRIN:403169
ITIS:506987
PLANTS:FRPU7
http://eol.org/pages/4381
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2340
Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper
Rhamnus purshiana DC.
frangula purshiana
rhamnus purshiana
cascara buckthorn plant
obsolete: job's tears plant
true
The *Gecarcinidae*, the land crabs, are a family of true crabs that are adapted for terrestrial existence. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2342
cangrejos
gecarcinidae
land crab family
obsolete: golden king crab
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2344
amorphophallus konjac
amorphophallus rivieri
hydrosme rivieri
leopard palm
devils tongue plant
obsolete: brazilian pepper tree
true
obsolete: barbados aloe plant
true
obsolete: fire thorn plant
true
obsolete: atlantic rock crab
true
A taxonomic family of crabs
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2351
cancridae
rack crabs
rock crab family
obsolete: common rye plant
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:JSC
http://eol.org/pages/2249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2353
Patinopecten yessoensis
Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay 1857)
amusium japanic
patinopecten yessoensis
japanese scallop
obsolete: japanese littleneck clam
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2355
allium cepa
cipollini onion
cipollini plant
obsolete: softshell clam
true
obsolete: owl limpet
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://eol.org/pages/2379
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2358
Fissurella maxima
fissurella maxima
giant keyhole limpet
obsolete: liza
true
obsolete: otaheite gooseberry plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2362
agropyron spicatum
bluebunch wheatgrass
wheatgrass plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2363
shorea robusta
sal tree
http://langual.org
obsolete european hake
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:848
FAO ASFIS:CTA
http://eol.org/pages/5348
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2366
Cheilodactylus bergi Norman 1937
Cheilodactylus bergi Norman, 1937
cheilodactylus bergi
morwong
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5265
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2367
Pinguipes Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
pinguipes spp.
sandperch
The sandperches are a family, *Pinguipedidae*, of fishes in the order Perciformes. Sandperches typically live on sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. The anterior end of the fish is cylindrical and the posterior end partially flattened. The eyes are on the top of the head and the fish lie on the seabed, propped up by their widely separated pelvic fins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandperch]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5265
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2368
pinguipedidae
sandperch family
obsolete: vendace
true
obsolete: bloch's gizzard shad
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8247
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2372
adrianichthyidae
ricefish family
obsolete: sea catfish
true
obsolete: weakfish
true
obsolete: black pomfret
true
obsolete: striped weakfish
true
obsolete: rainbow runner
true
obsolete: american sand lance
true
obsolete: yellow jack
true
obsolete: speckled flounder
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1381
FAO ASFIS:HCJ
http://eol.org/pages/2310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2386
Meretrix lusoria (Roding, 1798)
Meretrix lusoria (Röding, 1798)
meretrix lusoria
japanese hard clam
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:GSU
http://eol.org/pages/5203
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2388
Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
chrysophrys unicolor
pagrus auratus
squirefish
sea bream
obsolete: wrasse
true
obsolete: yellowfin grouper
true
obsolete: greater amberjack
true
obsolete: pickhandle barracuda
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:616423
http://eol.org/pages/5174
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2393
Paralichthys microps
Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881)
paralichthys microps
smalleye flounder
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24020
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2394
globefish
sphoeroides spp.
puffer
http://langual.org
GRIN:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2397
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
chinese mustard cabbage
mustard cabbage plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/61097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2398
spondias dulcis
spondias lutea
spondias mombin
spondias purpurea
spondias spp.
ciruela plant
obsolete: scup
true
obsolete: arrowroot plant
true
obsolete: monkfish
true
obsolete: white sucker
true
http://langual.org
FISHBASE:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2403
Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lepomis gibbosus
pumpkinseed
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5448
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2404
lophiiformes
fish, lophiiform
Anglerfishes are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a fleshy growth from the fish's head (the esca or illicium) acts as a lure. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglerfish]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5455
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2405
anglerfishes
lophiidae
lophius spp.
goosefish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7664
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2406
ursidae
bear
Beefalo are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle, *Bos taurus*, and the American bison, *Bison bison* (generally called buffalo in the US). The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals with a view towards beef production.
WIKIPEDIA:Beefalo
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2407
bos taurus x bison bison
beefalo
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1492
FAO ASFIS:JEL
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2408
Rhopilema spp
Rhopilema spp.
medusae
rhopilema spp.
jellyfish
*Coelenterata* is an obsolete term encompassing the animal phyla *Cnidaria* (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their allies) and *Ctenophora* (comb jellies). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenterata]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2409
coelenterata
coelenterate
obsolete: green turtle
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AYW
http://eol.org/pages/32239
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2413
Malaclemys terrapin (Schoepff, 1793)
malademys spp.
diamondback terrapin
A pea variety that yeilds yellow-colored seeds at maturity.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
Yellow Pea varieties grown in North America for human consumption include Belinda, Century, Impala, Lenca, Miranda, Paloma, Renata, Tipu and Victoria. A variety called “Procon” is used for animal feed; the variety called “Trapper” is grown as feed for birds.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2414
yellow field pea plant
MANSFELD:23903
brassica oleracea var. bullata
savoy cabbage plant
obsolete: chinese chestnut tree
true
obsolete: japanese chestnut tree
true
obsolete: welsh onion plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:2409
MANSFELD:64
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2419
allium tuberosum
chinese chive
garlic chive
oriental garlic
Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.
chinese chive plant
obsolete: ivy gourd plant
true
obsolete:gai lan plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5380
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2422
anabantidae
gurami
climbing perch family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2423
Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860
gouramy
trichopsis spp.
croaking gourami
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2424
selar spp.
bigeye scads (Selar spp)
The Amiiformes order of fish has only one extant species, the bowfin (*Amia calva*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8296
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2425
amiiformes
fish, amiiform
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2426
freshwater bass
obsolete: smallmouth bass
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2428
salt-brackish water bass
obsolete: wels catfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2217
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2432
anadara clams nei
anadara spp.
arca spp.
arcidae
barbatia spp.
arkshells
obsolete: california sea cucumber
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/12679
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2434
tilapia spp.
tilapia
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2435
amiidae
bowfin family
obsolete: bowfin
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/15711
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2438
Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758
crotalus
crotalus spp.
rattlesnake
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1658
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2439
cebidae
monkey
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2440
alligator spp.
alligatoridae
caymans
alligator
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2441
crocodylidae
crocodylus spp.
crocodile
obsolete: asiatic pennywort plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:21959
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2443
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
ipil-ipil
jumbie bean
leadtree
leucaena leucocephala
leucaena plant
obsolete: neem plant
true
obsolete: water mimosa plant
true
obsolete: ramie plant
true
obsolete: durian tree (Durio zibethinus)
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:33013
PLANTS:SAKO4
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2449
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.
red santol
sandoricum koetjape
santol plant
Bracken (*Pteridium*) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family *Dennstaedtiaceae*. *Pteridium aquilinum* (bracken or common bracken) is the most common species with a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in temperate and subtropical regions throughout much of the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracken]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/37807
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2450
brake (plant)
pteridium aquilinum
pteridium esculentum
pteris aquilina
bracken fern plant
*Lilium* bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of *L. lancifolium, L. pumilum*, and especially *L. brownii* are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Lily).
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2451
lilium spp.
lily plant
Radicchio is a cultivated form of leaf chicory (*Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae*), sometimes known as Italian chicory, and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted.
radicchio
radicchio plant
A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having certain tissue that conducts water and nutrients, and having branched stems. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (*Polypodiidae*) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter itself comprising "ferns" other than those denominated "true ferns": horsetails (including scouring rushes), whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns.
Ferns are not as important economically as seed plants but have considerable importance in some societies. Some ferns are used for food, including the fiddleheads of *Pteridium aquilinum* (bracken), *Matteuccia struthiopteris* (ostrich fern), and *Osmundastrum cinnamomeum* (cinnamon fern). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2453
fiddlehead
pteridophyta
fern plant
Acacia pennata (English: Climbing wattle, Thai: Cha-om, Burmese Su pout ywet) is a species of acacia which is native to South and Southeast Asia. In Burma, Laos and Thailand, the feathery shoots of Acacia pennata are used in soups, curries, omelettes and stir-fries. The edible shoots are picked up before they become tough and thorny.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha_om]
WIKIPEDIA:Cha_om
http://langual.org
GRIN:954
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2455
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.
acacia pennata
cha om
climbing wattle plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2456
pak kard plant
*Piper sarmentosum* is a plant in the *Piperaceae* family used in many Southeast Asian cuisines. The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_sarmentosum
http://langual.org
GRIN:423501
http://eol.org/pages/4351
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2457
Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
piper sarmentosum
chaa phluu plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2458
sato
sataw plant
obsolete: bay scallop
true
obsolete: red drum
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2461
careya sphaerica
phak kradon
kradon plant
obsolete: chinese swamp cabbage plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2463
macrotyloma uniflorum
horse gram bean plant
obsolete: brine shrimp
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2465
artemiidae
brine shrimps
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from Anostraca shrimp family (order Anostraca Sars, 1867).
artemiidae shrimp family
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8701
GRIN:10759
ITIS:506397
MANSFELD:7684
PLANTS:CINO3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2468
Citrus nobilis Lour.
Citrus x nobilis Lour.
citrus nobilis
citrus nobilis cv. king
citrus x nobilis
king mandarin orange
tangor
king orange plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:314330
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2469
Citrus temple hort. ex Yu. Tanaka
citrus nobilis cv. temple
citrus temple
temple orange plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25488
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2470
isurus spp.
longfin mako
shortfin mako
shortfin makos
mako shark
obsolete: shortfin mako shark
true
obsolete: longfin mako shark
true
A pea variety whose seeds are safe to eat in small quantities.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2473
matrie
Lathyrus aphaca L.
yellow pea plant
lathyrus aphaca
yellow vetchling plant
http://langual.org
obsolete: rocket plant
true
obsolete: teff plant
true
Gasterosteiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the sticklebacks and relatives.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5490
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2478
gasterosteiformes
fish, gasterosteiform
obsolete: black cherry plant
true
obsolete: grass shrimp
true
obsolete: round scad
true
obsolete: hogfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5494
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2483
gasterosteidae
stickleback family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2484
scomberesox spp.
saury
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/27358
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2485
genypterus spp.
kingklip
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2486
squat lobster
langostino lobster
obsolete: yellow croaker
true
obsolete: silverfish
true
obsolete: yellow sole
true
obsolete: palometa
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/41589
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2491
bay lobster
sand lobster
scyllarides spp.
slipper lobster
obsolete: barberry plant
true
obsolete: pepino plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/699
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2495
formicidae
ant (insect)
The grasshopper is an insect of the suborder *Caelifera* in the order *Orthoptera*. To distinguish it from bush crickets or katydids, it is sometimes referred to as the short-horned grasshopper. Species that change colour and behaviour at high population densities are called locusts.
WIKIPEDIA:Grasshopper
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2634375
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2496
Acheta domesticus
caelifera
grasshopper
Aulopiformes is a diverse order of marine ray-finned fish consisting of some 15 extant and several prehistoric families with about 45 genera and over 230 species. The common names grinners, lizardfishes and allies or aulopiforms are sometimes used for this group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulopiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8250
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2497
aulopiformes
fish, aulopiform
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2498
synodontidae
lizardfish family
obsolete: bombay duck
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2501
arctica spp.
mercenaria spp.
quahog
A species of sedge (Cyperaceae) native to Africa, southern and central Europe (north to France and Austria), and southern Asia.
http://langual.org
Despite the bitter taste of the tubers, they are edible and have nutritional value. The plant has a high amount of carbohydrates.[Wikipedia]
DPNL 2003
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2503
cyperus rotundus
nutgrass plant
purple nutsedge plant
red nutsedge plant
obsolete: kodo millet plant
true
The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. They do not form a taxonomic group, but rather a functional or agronomic one. Their essential similarities are that they are small-seeded grasses grown in difficult production environments such as those at risk of drought. They have been in cultivation in East Asia for the last 10,000 years.
WIKIPEDIA:Millet
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2505
poaceae
millet plant
obsolete: morello cherry plant
true
The spaghetti squash (*Cucurbita pepo* var. *fastigata*) (also called vegetable spaghetti, noodle squash, vegetable marrow, spaghetti marrow, and squaghetti) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.
WIKIPEDIA:Spaghetti_squash
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2508
cucurbita pepo var. fastigata
vegetable spaghetti
spaghetti squash plant
obsolete: butternut squash plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:
GRIN:311569
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2510
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne subsp. maxima
cucurbita maxima var. banana
cucurbita maxima var. maxima
banana squash plant
*Cucurbita maxima*, one of at least four species of cultivated squash, is one of the most diverse domesticated species. This species originated in South America from the wild Cucurbita andreana over 4000 years ago. Hubbard squash is a cultivar of this species that usually has a tear-drop shape. They are often used as a replacement for pumpkins in cooking.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita_maxima]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9050
GRIN:12597
ITIS:22369
PLANTS:CUMA3
http://eol.org/pages/584406
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2511
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Cucurbitaceae
cucurbita maxima
cucurbita maxima var. hubbard
hubbard squash plant
obsolete: african rice plant
true
obsolete: bilimbi plant
true
obsolete: ajowan plant
true
obsolete: ayu
true
obsolete: oriental cashew plant
true
obsolete: fuzzy melon plant
true
*Physalis* is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family (*Solanaceae*), which grow in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Most of the species, of which there may be 75-90, are indigenous to the New World. Cultivated species and weedy annuals have been introduced worldwide. A notable feature is the formation of a large papery husk derived from the calyx, which partly or fully encloses the fruit. The fruit is small and orange, similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physalis]
http://langual.org
GRIN:300461
PLANTS:PHYSA
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2519
Physalis L.
Physalis spp.
groundcherry
husk tomato
physalis spp.
ground cherry plant
A cross between red raspberry and other bramble berry species [The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press 1990, page 571]. Tayberry (*Rubus idaeus x fruticosus*) is a cultivated shrub in the genus *Rubus* of the family *Rosaceae* patented in 1979 as a cross between a loganberry and the black raspberry .
WIKIPEDIA:Tayberry
http://langual.org
GRIN:104968
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2520
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
rubus idaeus x fructicosus
tayberry plant
Red kuri squash is thin skinned orange colored winter squash, that has the appearance of a small pumpkin without the ridges. It belongs to the Hubbard squash group. Inside the hard outer skin there is a firm flesh that provides a very delicate and mellow chestnut-like flavor.
Red kuri squash is commonly called "Japanese squash", "orange Hokkaido squash", "baby red hubbard squash", or "Uchiki kuri squash". In Japan, the word kuri may refer to either the squash discussed in this article or to Japanese chestnuts. In France, it is called potimarron, and in the United Kingdom, it is commonly called "onion squash".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_kuri_squash]
http://langual.org
ITIS:22369
http://eol.org/pages/584406
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2523
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Hokkaido squash
red Hokkaido squash
sweet meat squash
japanese pumpkin
japanese squash
kabocha squash
kuri squash
nam gwa
red kuri squash plant
obsolete: euryale plant
true
obsolete: tope shark
true
The deep-sea spiny eels are a family, *Notacanthidae*, of fishes found worldwide below 125 m (410 ft), and as deep as 3,500 m (11,500 ft). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notacanthidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5415
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2526
notacanthidae
spiny eel family
obsolete: spiny eel
true
obsolete: beluga
true
obsolete: climbing perch
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25902
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2530
bembrops spp.
flathead
obsolete: duckbill flathead
true
obsolete: goby flathead
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8284
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2533
nettastomatidae
duckbill eel family
obsolete: pike-conger
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:636217
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2535
Hoplunnis diomediana
Hoplunnis diomediana Goode and Bean, 1896
hoplunnis diomediana
pike-conger, blacktail
blacktail pike-conger
obsolete: freckled pike-conger
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2537
spotted pike-conger
obsolete: pacific geoduck
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:16772
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2539
Ficus aspera G. Forst.
ficus aspera
mosaic fig
clown fig plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/17798
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2541
goby
periophthalmus spp.
mudskipper
A true goby is a fish in the family Gobiidae.
http://langual.org
goby
http://eol.org/pages/5319
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2542
gobi fish
gobiidae
true goby
The Gonorynchiformes are an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (*Chanos chanos*, family *Chanidae*), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorynchiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5483
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2543
gonorynchiformes
fish, gonorynchiform
*Albulidae* is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefishes]
American Fisheries Society.
\n\n*Albulidae* is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefishes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8298
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2544
albuliformes
fish, albuliform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8295
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2545
anguillidae
freshwater eel family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5348
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2546
cheilodactylidae
jackassfish
morwong family
Siluridae is the nominate family of catfishes in the order Siluriformes. There are about 105 living species of silurids in 14 genera.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluridae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5086
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2547
siluridae
sheatfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5487
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2548
chanidae
milkfish family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2549
california pepper
chili verde pepper
pepper, anaheim
anaheim pepper plant
obsolete: ancho pepper plant
true
The Chile de árbol (Spanish for tree chili) is a small and potent Mexican chili pepper also known as bird's beak chile and rat's tail chile. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_de_árbol]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2551
Chile de árbol
arbol pepper
arbol pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2552
pepper, cascabel
sleigh bell pepper
cascabel pepper plant
The Lamniformes are an order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks (which may also refer specifically to the family *Lamnidae*). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white and extinct megalodon, as well as more unusual representatives, such as the goblin shark and megamouth shark. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamniformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1874
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2553
lamniformes
mackerel shark
fish, lamniform
A guajillo chili or guajillo chile is a variety of chile pepper of the species *Capsicum annuum* which is widely used in the cuisine of Mexico. Its heat (rating 2,500 to 5,000 on the Scoville scale) is considered mild to medium. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajillo_chili]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2554
pepper, guajillo
guajillo pepper plant
obsolete: habanero pepper plant
true
A pimiento, pimento, or cherry pepper is a variety of large, red, heart-shaped chili pepper (*Capsicum annuum*) that measures 3 to 4 in (7 to 10 cm) long and 2 to 3 in (5 to 7 cm) wide (medium, elongate). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimiento]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2556
bird cherry pepper
capsicum annuum, cerasiforme group
creole cherry pepper
hot cherry pepper
hungarian cherry pepper
pepper, hot cherry
cherry pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2557
pepper, mulato
mulato pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2558
chili de ristra pepper
pepper, new mexico red
wreath chili pepper
new mexico red pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2559
pepper, poblano
poblano pepper plant
The pasilla chile or chile negro is the dried form of the chilaca chili pepper, a long and narrow member of species *Capsicum annuum*. In the United States, producers and grocers often incorrectly use "pasilla" to describe the poblano, a different, wider variety of pepper, the dried form of which is called an ancho. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasilla]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2560
chilaca chili pepper
pepper, pasilla
pasilla pepper plant
Pequin (or Piquin) pepper a hot chili pepper cultivar commonly used as a spice. Taxonomically, it is classified within variety *glabriusculum* of the species *Capsicum annuum*.
WIKIPEDIA:Pequin_pepper
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8332
GRIN:102342
PLANTS:CAANG
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2561
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill
american bird pepper
bird pepper
chile pequin
chilipequin
chiltepin
pepper, pequin
turkey pepper
pequin pepper plant
obsolete: rocotillo pepper plant
true
The serrano pepper (*Capsicum annuum*) is a type of chili pepper that originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrano_pepper]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2563
pepper, serrano
serrano pepper plant
Bird's eye chili, bird eye chili, bird's chili, chile de árbol, piri piri or Thai chili is a chili pepper, a cultivar from the species *Capsicum annuum*, commonly found in Ethiopia and Southeast Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%27s_eye_chili]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2564
bird eye chili
pepper, thai
thai pepper plant
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:643073
http://eol.org/pages/5294
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2565
Hoplopagrus guentherii
Hoplopagrus guentherii Gill, 1862
hoplopagrus guentheri
pargo raisero
pargo, striped
striped pargo
obsolete: painted sweetlips
true
obsolete: red mullet
true
obsolete: sailfin sandfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5193
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2569
trichodontidae
sandfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24839
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2570
northern flounder
pleuronectes spp.
plaice
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/23904
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2571
brama spp.
pomfret
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5064
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2572
Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810
hippocampus spp.
seahorse
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5064
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2573
syngnathidae
pipefish family
The family *Crangonidae* is a taxon of shrimp, of the superfamily *Crangonoidea*, including the commercially important species *Crangon crangon*. Its type genus is *Crangon*. Twenty-four genera are included in the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crangonidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2574
crangonidae
crangonid shrimp family
obsolete: sand shrimp
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5049
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2576
oreosomatidae
oreo dory family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/26627
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2577
allocyttus spp.
oreo dory
obsolete: black oreo dory
true
obsolete: smooth oreo dory
true
obsolete: northern pink shrimp
true
obsolete: yellowfin sole
true
obsolete: flathead catfish species
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2583
pepper, cubanelle
cubanelle pepper plant
obsolete: sharptail mola
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5059
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2586
headfish
molidae
ocean sunfish
trunkfish
mola family
obsolete: coney
true
obsolete: gulf coney
true
http://langual.org
2008 FDA:Seafood List
http://eol.org/pages/2294
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2590
Mactra sachalinensis
clam, hen
mactra sachalinensis
hen clam
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1895
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2591
bonnethead sharks
hammerhead sharks
sphyrnidae
hammerhead shark family
obsolete: scalloped hammerhead
true
obsolete: great hammerhead
true
obsolete: bonnethead
true
obsolete: smooth hammerhead
true
obsolete: smalleye hammerhead
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25471
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2598
bonnethead shark
shark, bonnethead
shark, hammerhead
sphyrna spp.
hammerhead shark
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2599
fundulus spp.
killifish
A hybrid cross between broccoli and cauliflower having milder taste than cauliflower and a light green color... broccoflower has the physical attributes of a white cauliflower, but the curd color is lime-green [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoflower]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2600
green cauliflower
broccoflower plant
*Alpinia galanga* (also *Languas galanga*), a plant in the ginger family, is an herb used in cooking, especially in Indonesian and Thai cuisines. It is one of four plants known as galangal and is differentiated from the others with the common name greater galangal (or simply Thai galangal). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_galanga]
http://langual.org
GRIN:2666
MANSFELD:3422
http://eol.org/pages/8183
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2601
Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.
alpinia galanga
galangal
galangale
java root
kha (spice)
languas
laos (spice)
thai ginger
greater galangal plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5365
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2602
caesionidae
fusilier family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25241
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2603
blue fusilier
caesio spp.
fusilier
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2604
caesio lunaris
fusilier, lunar
lunar fusilier
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FJR
ITIS:550961
http://eol.org/pages/5365
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2605
Caesio suevica Klunzinger 1884
Caesio suevica Klunzinger, 1884
caesio suevica
fusilier, suez
suez fusilier
http://langual.org
ITIS:550960
http://eol.org/pages/5365
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2606
Caesio striata Rüppell, 1830
caesio striata
fusilier, striated
striated fusilier
obsolete: yellow bullhead
true
obsolete: plumed scorpionfish
true
A black berry that is a cross between the loganberry and the youngberry cultivated in California and Oregon [CFSAN thesaurus].
http://langual.org
GRIN:104971
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2609
Rubus Hybr.
rubus hybr.
olallieberry plant
A ewe is a female sheep.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2610
ewe
A female goat
nanny goat
doe (goat)
obsolete: giant tiger prawn
true
obsolete: redtail prawn
true
obsolete: argentine red shrimp
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1715
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2615
gekkonidae
gecko
*Juglans mandshurica*, the Manchurian walnut, is a deciduous tree of the genus *Juglans* (section Cardiocaryon), native to the Eastern Asiatic Region (China, Russian Far East, North Korea and South Korea). It grows to about 25 m. The kernels of the nuts are edible, but small and difficult to extract.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_mandshurica
http://langual.org
GRIN:20758
PLANTS:JUMA8
http://eol.org/pages/4299
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2616
Juglans mandshurica Maxim.
chinese butternut
juglans mandshurica
manchurian walnut
walnut, chinese
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chinese walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *CHINESE WALNUT [B2616]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chinese walnut tree
Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family *Cyprinidae*, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. In colloquial use, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as *Cyprinus carpio* (common carp), *Carassius carassius* (Crucian carp), *Ctenopharyngodon idella* (grass carp), *Hypophthalmichthys molitrix* (silver carp), and *Hypophthalmichthys nobilis* (bighead carp). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2617
cyprinidae
carp
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5521
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2618
cyprinodontidae
killifish family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2620
catfish
obsolete: lemon balm plant
true
http://langual.org
obsolete: brown durra plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8695
GRIN:313479
PLANTS:CIMA9
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2625
Citrus madurensis Lour.
X Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands
citrus madurensis
panama orange
x citrofortunella microcarpa
x citrofortunella mitis
calamondin plant
The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper or pepper in the United Kingdom, Canada and Ireland, and capsicum in Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore and New Zealand) is a cultivar group of the species *Capsicum annuum*. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper varieties as "sweet peppers". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_pepper]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8332
GRIN:311784
GRIN:8904
ITIS:30492
MANSFELD:6120
PLANTS:CAAN4
http://eol.org/pages/581098
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2628
sweet pepper plant
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum anuum L.
capsicum frutescens var. grossum
bell pepper plant
Unripe fruit of red or yellow bell pepper varieties.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2629
green pepper plant
green bell pepper plant
Ripe fruit of red bell pepper varieties.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2630
red bell sweet pepper plant
red sweet pepper plant
LanguaL curation note: Do not confuse with *RED PEPPER*.
red bell pepper plant
Ripe fruit of yellow bell pepper varieties.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2631
yellow bell pepper plant
Long and conical in shape, the Italian Sweet Pepper is a popular variety of chile pepper commonly used in Italian cooking. Often referred to as a frying pepper, it is frequently sautéed in olive oil. [https://www.cayennediane.com/big-list-of-hot-peppers/]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2632
Italian sweet red pepper
italian long sweet red pepper
italian sweet pepper
capsicum annuum, conoides group
cone pepper plant
Grouped together because of similar use.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2633
paprika, hot
red pepper (pungent pepper variety)
pungent pepper variety plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2635
capsicum annuum, fasciculatum group
red cluster pepper
cluster pepper plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:8913
MANSFELD:6121
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2636
Capsicum frutescens L.
capsicum frutescens
tabasco pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2637
amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac
konjac plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25218
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2642
seriola spp.
amberjack
http://langual.org
obsolete chilean hake
true
obsolete: european whiting
true
obsolete: silver hake
true
obsolete: asian clam
true
obsolete: lemon sole
true
obsolete: fringescale sardinella
true
obsolete: sanddab
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24568
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2650
parupeneus spp.
upeneus spp.
goatfish
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/26569
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2651
ulua
trevally
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5260
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2652
pomacanthidae
angelfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24478
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2653
angelfish
obsolete: eulachon
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2655
squirrelfish family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2656
holocentrus spp.
menpachi
squirrelfish
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2657
seatrout
Cynoscion Gill, 1861
cynoscion
weakfish group
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5286
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2658
mullidae
goatfish family
Fleawort is a common name for several plants, especially *Plantago* and *Senecio* species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleawort]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2659
plantago afra
plantago ovata
plantago psyllium
psyllium plant
spanish psyllium
fleawort plant
obsolete: bigeye scad
true
*Eucalyptus* is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs (including a distinct group with a multiple-stem mallee growth habit) in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. There are more than 700 species of eucalyptus and most are native to Australia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29916
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2661
eucalyptus gamophylla
eucalyptus globulus
eucalyptus spp.
eucalyptus plant
obsolete: marmalade box plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25075
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2665
micropterus spp.
black bass
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5172
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2666
psettodidae
spiny turbot
psettodid family
obsolete: blue rockfish
true
obsolete: stripetail rockfish
true
obsolete: splitnose rockfish
true
obsolete: american plum plant
true
obsolete: antarctic cutlerfish
true
obsolete: new zealand long-finned eel
true
obsolete: short-finned eel
true
obsolete: sand flounder
true
obsolete: yellowbelly flounder
true
obsolete: silver gemfish
true
obsolete: silver warehou
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5356
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2679
centrolophidae
warehou family
ruff family
obsolete: new zealand sole
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2681
Haliotis iris
haliotis iris
ormer shells
paua
blackfoot abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AFQ
http://eol.org/pages/2295
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2682
Paphies australis
Paphies australis (Gmelin 1791)
paphies australis
pipi clam
obsolete: arrow squid
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EQV
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2684
Mesodesma ventricosum (Gray 1843)
amphidesma ventricosum
new zealand surf clam
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from New Zealand surf clam based on scientific name.
toheroa wedge clam
Crayfish, often referred to as crawfish or crawdad, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. They are found in bodies of fresh water that do not freeze to the bottom, and which have shelter against predators. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species such as the invasive *Procambarus clarkii* are more hardy. Some crayfish have been found living as much as 3 m (10 feet) underground.
There are three families of crayfish, two in the Northern Hemisphere and one in the Southern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere family *Parastacidae* lives in South America, Madagascar and Australasia, and is distinguished by the lack of the first pair of pleopods. Of the other two families, members of the *Astacidae* live in western Eurasia and western North America and members of the family *Cambaridae* live in eastern Asia and eastern North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfish]
WIKIPEDIA:Crayfish
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1218
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2686
astacidae
astacoidea
cambaridaa
cambarus spp.
crawfish
crayfish
parastacidae
procambarus spp.
crawfish or crayfish
obsolete: common whitefish
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1339
FAO ASFIS:DRY
http://eol.org/pages/2248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2690
Ostrea lutaria Hutton 1873
Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1873
ostrea lutaria
tiostrea lutaria
new zealand dredge oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CIZ
ITIS:161947
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2693
Coregonus reighardi
Coregonus reighardi (Koelz, 1924)
coregonus reighardi
shortnose cisco
obsolete: brownspotted rockcod
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/10840
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2695
lepus spp.
hare
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7988
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2696
Gallinago Brisson, 1760
gallinago spp.
snipe
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/33764
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2697
lagopus spp.
ptarmigan
obsolete: chamois
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/30431
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2701
Iguana Laurenti, 1768
iguana spp.
iguana
A young goat
kid (goat)
obsolete: grey gurnard
true
obsolete: sea lamprey
true
obsolete: gudgeon
true
obsolete: european eel
true
obsolete: tadpole fish
true
obsolete: brill
true
obsolete: thickback sole
true
obsolete: megrim
true
obsolete: grayling
true
obsolete: barbel
true
obsolete: ide
true
obsolete: porcupine fish
true
obsolete: queen scallop
true
obsolete: margin jackknife
true
obsolete: common periwinkle
true
obsolete: sand tiger shark
true
obsolete: emu
true
A predomenant genetic variety of an almond plant which produces seeds that lack a bitter taste.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2720
prunus amygdalus var. dulcis
prunus dulcis var. dulcis
sweet almond
sweet almond plant
A genetic variant of an almond plant which produces bitter tasting seeds.
bitter almond
prunus dulcis var. amara
bitter almond plant
A hort. class of mandarin oranges from Japan (Hortus) [CFSAN thesaurus].
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8705
GRIN:10793
PLANTS:CIREU
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2722
Citrus reticulata Blanco ssp. unshiu (Marcow.) D.Rivera Núñez et al.
Citrus unshiu Marcow.
citrus reticulata cv. owan
citrus unshiu
satsuma mandarin
unshu orange
satsuma orange plant
The mirabelle plum, also known as the mirabelle prune (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *syriaca*), is the edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle plum tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the genus *Prunus*.
The mirabelle is identified by its small, oval shape, smooth-textured flesh, and especially by its red, or dark yellow colour which becomes flecked in appearance. They are known for being sweet and full of flavour. The fruit is primarily used in fruit preserves and dessert pies, and its juice is commonly fermented for wine or distilled into plum brandy. Ninety percent of mirabelle plums grown commercially are made into either jam (70%) or eau de vie (20%). The plums are also excellent when eaten fresh. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabelle_plum]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12274
MANSFELD:9350
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2733
Prunus domestica L. subsp. syriaca (Borkh.) Janch.
prunus domestica var. syriaca
prunus insititia var. syriaca
syrian plum
mirabelle plum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:409748
ITIS:29817
MANSFELD:1265
http://eol.org/pages/4200
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2734
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. tuberosum (Bernh.) Mart. Crov.
Petroselinum crispum (P. Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill
Petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum (Alef.) Danert
petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum
petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum
turnip-rooted parsley plant
obsolete: japanese plum plant
true
obsolete: llama
true
obsolete: chickasaw plum plant
true
obsolete: european rowan plant
true
obsolete: sea buckthorn plant
true
obsolete: garden orach plant
true
The white currant is a cultivar of *Ribes rubrum*. Although it is a sweeter and albino variant of the redcurrant, not a separate botanical species, it is sometimes marketed with names such as *Ribes sativum* or *Ribes silvestre*, or sold as a different fruit.
white currant plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1903
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2753
petromyzontiformes
fish, petromyzontiform
Sand sharks are mackerel sharks of the family Odontaspididae. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical waters. The family contains three extant species, in two genera
*Carcharias* Rafinesque, 1810; *Odontaspis* Agassiz 1838.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1874
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2754
grey nurse shark
ragged tooth shark
odontaspididae
sand tiger family
obsolete: baobab plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2760
aframomum alboviolaceum
aframomum angustifolium
aframomum giganteum
aframomum latifolium
aframomum melegueta
aframomum stipulatum
aframomum plant
obsolete: strawberry tree
true
obsolete: wild custard apple plant
true
obsolete: coco plum plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:400210
ITIS:505966
PLANTS:CHAL19
http://eol.org/pages/4187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2764
Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don
chrysophyllum albidum
white apple
white star apple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9319
GRIN:14293
ITIS:505970
MANSFELD:18485
PLANTS:DIKA2
http://eol.org/pages/4262
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2766
date plum
diospyros chinensis
diospyros kaki
japanese persimmon
kaki persimmon
keg fig
sharon fruit
Diospyros kaki L. f.
Diospyros kaki Thunb.
common kaki plant
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
ITIS:506165
MANSFELD:12137
PLANTS:FESE2
http://eol.org/pages/8095
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2767
acca sellowiana
brazilian guava
feijoa
feijoa sellowiana
orthostemon sellowiana
Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg
pineapple guava plant
obsolete: eben tree
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/61089
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2769
dacryodes spp.
dacryodes plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2770
detarium spp.
detarium plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:411953
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2771
Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.
detarium microcarpum
sweet dattock plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:13690
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2772
Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmel.
dattock tree
deta
detar
detarium senegalense
senegal dattock
tallow tree (detarium) plant
obsolete: velvet tamarind plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9855
GRIN:238
MANSFELD:7546
PLANTS:FOMA2
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2774
Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle
fortunella margarita
nagami kumquat
oval kumquat plant
obsolete: round kumquat plant
true
obsolete: black mulberry plant
true
obsolete: water roseapple plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2778
eugenia capensis plant
obsolete: sycamore fig plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9929
GRIN:420224
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2780
Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) Desr.
Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson
brindall berry
brindleberry
gambooge
garcinia cambogia
garcinia gummi-gutta
goraka
kodumpuli
malabar tamarind
sweet garcinia plant
*Hylocereus undatus* (white-fleshed pitahaya) is a species of *Cactaceae* and is the most cultivated species in the genus. It is used both as an ornamental vine and as a fruit crop - the pitahaya or dragon fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylocereus_undatus]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10400
GRIN:19487
ITIS:503101
PLANTS:HYUN3
http://eol.org/pages/487275
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2781
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
dragon fruit
hylocereus triangularis
hylocereus undatus
pitahaya
red pitaya
pitaya plant
obsolete: doum palm plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:451886
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2783
Lantana strigocamara R. W. Sanders
lantana
lantana camara
lantana strigocamara
the' de gambie
yellow sage plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:103235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2784
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) Bruce
nauclea latifolia
sarcocephalus
sarcocephalus esculentus
sarcocephalus latifolius
african peach plant
obsolete: giant granadilla plant
true
obsolete: senegal date palm plant
true
obsolete: natal orange plant
true
obsolete: governor's plum plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2790
african apricot
chrysophyllum autranianum
gambeya lacourtiana
longhi
gambeya plant
*Ancylobotrys capensis* (Oliv.) Pichon, or Wild Apricot, is a tangled, sprawling, multi-stemmed South African creeper of the *Apocynaceae* family.
WIKIPEDIA:Ancylobotrys_capensis
http://langual.org
GRIN:102220
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2791
AncyloboInOwltrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon
ancyloboInOwltrys capensis
wild apricot plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102255
ITIS:505997
PLANTS:SASE15
http://eol.org/pages/4280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2792
Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon
landolphia senegalensis
saba
saba senegalensis
senegal saba
gumvine plant
obsolete: bitterwood plant
true
obsolete: indian jujube plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13993
GRIN:42295
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2795
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.
kurna
rhamnus spina-christi
syrian christ-thorn
ziziphus spina-christi
christ's thorn plant
obsolete: arabian mummum plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8383
GRIN:418402
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2797
Carica x heilbornii V.M.Badillo nothovar. pentagona (Heilborn) V.M.Badillo
Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M. Badillo
carica pentagona
carica x heilbornii
babaco plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29273
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2798
canthium spp.
canthium plant
obsolete: african fan palm plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:410180
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2800
Fadogia homblei De Wild.
fadogia homblei
fadogia triphylla
wild date
fadogia plant
*Fadogiella* is a genus of flowering plants in the *Rubiaceae* family. It was descripted by Walter Robyns in 1928. This genus is morphologically similar to *Fadogia* and is related to the latter genus. It is found in central and east tropical Africa.
WIKIPEDIA:Fadogiella
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2801
fadogiella spp.
fadogiella plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2802
feretia spp.
feretia plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:70994
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2803
Garcinia buchananii Baker
garcinia buchananii
garcinia huillensis
granite garcinia
granite mangosteen
mutunduru
garcinia plant
The large flowering plant genus *Grewia* is today placed by most authors in the mallow family *Malvaceae*, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. The astringent and refreshing *Grewia* drupes are particularly popular in summertime. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grewia]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4321
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2804
grewia spp.
grewia plant
*Guarea* is a genus of evergreen trees in the mahogany family *Meliaceae*, native to tropical Africa and Central and South America. They are large trees 20-45 m tall, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet present. The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with 4-5 yellowish petals. The fruit is a four or five-valved capsule, containing several seeds, each surrounded by a yellow-orange fleshy aril; the seeds are dispersed by hornbills and monkeys which eat the fleshy aril.
WIKIPEDIA:Guarea
http://langual.org
GRIN:459726
PLANTS:GUARE
http://eol.org/pages/4413
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2805
Guarea Allam. ex L.
Guarea sp.
guarea spp.
guarea plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:20449
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2806
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill.
african wild mango
bush mango
irvingia gabonensis
african mango plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:21431
ITIS:505993
PLANTS:LAHE6
http://eol.org/pages/4280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2807
Landolphia heudelotii A. DC.
guinea gumvine
landolphia heudelotti
landolphia rubber plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2808
carpodinus hirsuta
landolphia poilu
landolphia hirsuta
hairy landolphia plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:21435
ITIS:505996
PLANTS:LAOW
http://eol.org/pages/4280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2809
Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv.
landolphia owariensis
white ball rubber
white rubber vine plant
obsolete: mammea africana tree
true
*Mimusops* is a genus of plants in family *Sapotaceae* described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. Mimusops is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and various oceanic islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimusops]
http://langual.org
GRIN:24461
http://eol.org/pages/107758
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2811
Mimusops zeyheri Sond.
mimusops
mimusops zeyheri
transvaal red milkwood
mimusops plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2812
olax obtusifolia
olax plant
obsolete: paulinia plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2814
pachylobus balsamiflora
pachylobus trimera
santiria
santiria trimera
tooth-brush tree
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2815
sorindeia juglandifolia
sorindeia katangensis
sorindeia plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:417928
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2816
Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell
zanha africana
zanha africana plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2817
zanha golungensis
zanha golungensis plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:14301
PLANTS:DIME8
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2818
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.
diospyros bicolor
diospyros mespiliformis
diospyros senegalensis
jackal berry
monkey guava
nigerian ebony
swamp ebony
african ebony plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32418
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2819
Rubus pinnatus Willd.
rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus
rubus plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:12328
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2820
Trichoscypha Hook. f.
trichoscypha spp.
trichoscypha plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2821
uapaca paludosa
uapaca plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:404097
http://eol.org/pages/61095
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2822
Sclerocarya sp.
cat thorn
cider tree
maroola nut
marula
morula
poupartia birrea
pourpartia caffra
sclerocarya birrea
sclerocarya caffra
spondias birrea
sclerocarya plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:16936
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2823
Ficus platyphylla Delile
ficus bibracteata
ficus umbrosa
ficus platyphylla plant
obsolete: chinese banyan plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:21444
http://eol.org/pages/4410
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2825
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl.
broom druif
grape, wild
lannea edulis
lannea velutuna
odina edulis
wild grape plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:26768
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2827
Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.
cork tree (parinari)
hissing tree
marbola plum
parinari curatellifolia
parinari moboInOwlla
sand apple
mobola plum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:26769
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2828
Parinari excelsa Sabine
guinea-plum
parinari excelsa
parinari holstii
parinarium
gray plum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:449464
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2829
Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance
neocarya macrophylla
parinari macrophylla
gingerbread plum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:459882
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2830
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.
eugenia guineensis
syzygium guineense
water pear
water berry plant
obsolete: mountain apple plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:42111
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2832
Ximenia caffra Sond.
ximenia caffra
sourplum plant
Anonidium mannii (Junglesop) is a tropical African tree. It has both large leaves (can be over a foot long) and edible fruits of similar length. Although rare the fruits are in demand where available.
WIKIPEDIA:Anonidium_mannii
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2833
annona manii
anonidium mannii
anonidium plant
*Antidesma* is a tropical plant genus of about 170 species from the family *Phyllanthaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Antidesma
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2834
phyllanthaceae
antidesma plant
*Antrocaryon micraster* (also called Antrocaryon) is a species of plant in the *Anacardiaceae* family.
WIKIPEDIA:Antrocaryon
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2835
antrocaryon klaineanum
antrocaryon plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:417692
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2836
Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh.
aphania senegalensis
lepisanthes senegalensis
sapindus senegalensis
soapberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7904
GRIN:6322
ITIS:506376
PLANTS:BAAE
http://eol.org/pages/4418
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2837
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile
Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile
agialida barteri
agialida senegalensis
agialida tombuctensis
balanites aegyptiaca
balanites ziziphoides
betu
bitu
egyptian myroboInOwllan
jericho balsam
soapberry (balanites aegyptiaca)
torchwood
ximenia aegyptiaca
desert date plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/61427
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2838
boscia spp.
boscia plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2839
bridelia spp.
bridelia plant
obsolete: incense tree
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:435926
PLANTS:COAF2
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2841
Cordyla africana Lour.
cordyla africana
cordyla plant
obsolete: horned melon plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/66462
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2843
chrysophyllum spp.
chrysophyllum plant
Krill are small crustaceans of the order *Euphausiacea*, and are found in all the world's oceans.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2844
euphausiidae
krill
obsolete: wood apple plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/23968
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2857
dentex spp.
dentex
obsolete: gilt headed bream
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24724
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2859
lethrinus spp.
emperor
obsolete: arctic grayling
true
obsolete: atlantic cutlassfish
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ZCN
ITIS:625303
http://eol.org/pages/5051
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2862
Cyttus novaezealandiae
Cyttus novaezealandiae (Arthur, 1885)
cyttus novaezealandiae
silver dory
obsolete: meagre
true
obsolete: blue ling
true
obsolete: greenland cod
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5296
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2866
lethrinidae
emperor family
obsolete: grass carp
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24659
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2868
pterois spp.
butterfly cod
obsolete: cutthroat trout
true
obsolete: pond smelt
true
obsolete: pandora
true
obsolete: barramundi
true
obsolete: land cress plant
true
obsolete: common shrimp
true
obsolete: blue mussel
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ODW
http://eol.org/pages/2248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2876
Ostrea denselamellosa Lischke 1869
ostrea denselamellosa
ostrea laperousei
japanese flat oyster
obsolete: giant stargazer
true
obsolete: ratfish
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EQH
http://eol.org/pages/2298
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2879
Ensis macha (Molina 1782)
ensis macha
giant jackknife
razor shell clam
obsolete: common prawn
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TQE
http://eol.org/pages/2266
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2881
Atrina pectinata
Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus 1767)
atrina pectinata
comb penshell
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8904
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2882
chimaeridae
shortnose chimaera family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2883
Beryx Cuvier, 1829
beryx spp.
alfonsinos
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8239
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2884
berycidae
alfonsino family
obsolete: bigeye cardinalfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5377
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2886
apogonidae
cardinalfish family
obsolete: scamp
true
obsolete: sidestriped shrimp
true
obsolete: greater burdock plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2890
veneridae
venus clam family
obsolete: slender tuna
true
obsolete: morid cod
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:644521
http://eol.org/pages/5126
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2893
Scorpaena papillosa
Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
helicolenus papillosus
rockfish
obsolete: white warehou
true
obsolete: black ruff
true
obsolete: yelloweye mullet
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24096
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2897
macrourus spp.
grenadier
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LDE
ITIS:165425
http://eol.org/pages/5502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2898
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus Richardson, 1846
lepidorhynchus denticulatus
deepsea whiptail
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2899
macrouridae
grenadier family
obsolete: red rockfish
true
obsolete: chilean horse mackerel
true
obsolete: silver scabbardfish
true
obsolete: lookdown dory
true
obsolete: kaiyomaru rattail
true
obsolete: smooth rattail
true
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientiric name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24501
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2907
alepocephalus spp.
large scaled brown slickhead
obsolete: small scaled brown slickhead
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5407
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2909
alepocephalidae
slickhead family
obsolete: new zealand lanternshark
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HYI
ITIS:616686
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2911
Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps, 1932
hyporhamphus ihi
new zealand garfish
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.464. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8244
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2912
hemiramphidae
halfbeak family
http://langual.org
ITIS:550805
http://eol.org/pages/5502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2913
Trachyrincus longirostris (Günther, 1878)
trachyrhynchus longirostris
unicorn rattail
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24139
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2914
xenodermichthys spp.
black slickhead
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name inverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NEG
http://eol.org/pages/5128
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2915
Neophrynichthys angustus Nelson 1977
neophrynichthys angustus
pale toadfish
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5128
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2916
psychrolutidae
fathead family
obsolete: spelt plant
true
obsolete: swollenhead conger eel
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2919
ocimum frutescens
perilla frutescens
perilla ocimoides
perilla plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:41819
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2920
Vitex doniana Sweet
vitex doniana
black plum plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/83701
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2921
eugenia spp.
stopper
eugenia plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2922
ficus, wild
ficus spp. plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2923
pseudospondias longifolia
pseudospondias plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2501
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2925
littorinidae
periwinkle family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2926
nere
parkia filicoidea
african locust bean plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2928
dialium spp.
dialium plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/60887
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2929
salacia spp.
salacia plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/60775
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2930
strychnos spp.
strychnos plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:438178
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2931
Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema
swartzia fistuloides
swartzia plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2932
vangueriopsis lanciflora
vangueriopsis plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:312482
http://eol.org/pages/38870
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2933
Vitex sp.
chastetree
vitex spp.
vitex plant
obsolete: indian mackerel
true
obsolete: narrow-barred mackerel
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25359
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2936
epigonus spp.
cardinalfish
obsolete: lesser galangal plant
true
obsolete: pond apple plant
true
The beetroot, also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet or informally simply as beet, is one of the many cultivated varieties of beets (*Beta vulgaris*) and arguably the most commonly encountered variety in North America, Central America and Britain.
WIKIPEDIA:Red_beet
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8011
GRIN:7057
MANSFELD:330
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2940
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
beetroot
beta vulgaris var. conditiva
beta vulgaris var. vulgaris
red beet plant
Curly endive, or frisée (var *crispum*). This type has narrow, green, curly outer leaves. It is sometimes called chicory in the United States and is called chicorée frisée in French.
MANSFELD:31983
curled endive plant
Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var *latifolia*), has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties. Varieties or names include broad-leaved endive, Bavarian endive, Batavian endive, grumolo, scarola, and scarole. It is eaten like other greens, sauteed, chopped into soups and stews, or as part of a green salad.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endive
MANSFELD:31979
broadleaved endive plant
coffee chicory plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:10577
MANSFELD:15067
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2944
Cinnamomum burmanii Bl.
padang cassia plant
obsolete: scurvy-grass plant
true
obsolete: cornelian cherry plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:12678
MANSFELD:3231
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2947
Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Rosc.
curcuma zedoaria
zedoary plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9865
GRIN:264
ITIS:24634
MANSFELD:8594
PLANTS:FRVE
http://eol.org/pages/229659
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2948
Fragaria vesca L.
european wild strawberry
fragaria vesca
wild strawberry
woodland strawberry
european strawberry plant
obsolete: virginia strawberry plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:19644
MANSFELD:16171
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2950
Hyssopus officinalis L.
hyssop plant
obsolete: prickly lettuce plant
true
obsolete: lovage plant
true
*Aloysia citrodora* is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family *Verbenaceae*, native to Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Common names include lemon verbena and lemon beebrush. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the 17th century.
Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemon flavor to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, greek yogurt and beverages. It also is used to make herbal teas, or added to standard tea in place of actual lemon (as is common with Moroccan tea). It can also be used to make a sorbet. In addition, it has anti-Candida albicans activity. In the European Union, Verbena essential oils (Lippia citriodora Kunth.) and derivatives other than absolute are prohibited when used as a fragrance ingredient (Commission Directive 2009/164/EU of 22 December 2009).
WIKIPEDIA:Lemon_verbena
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7394
GRIN:317750
MANSFELD:4474
http://eol.org/pages/4304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2953
lemon verbena
Aloysia citrodora Palau
aloysia citrodora
lemon beebush
lippia triphylla
lemon verbena plant
obsolete: white mulberry plant
true
obsolete: chinese lantern plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:400109
MANSFELD:9956
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2956
Piper longum L.
piper longum
indian long pepper plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12264
MANSFELD:9193
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2957
Prunus avium (L.) L. subsp. duracina (L.) D.Rivera & al.
hard-fleshed cherry plant
obsolete: brasilian guava plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:319665
MANSFELD:24313
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2959
Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Mill.) Kerner
raphanus sativus niger
black radish plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:319668
MANSFELD:24314
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2960
Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus
raphanus sativus
little radish plant
obsolete: dog rose plant
true
obsolete: black salsify plant
true
obsolete: service tree
true
obsolete: spanish plum plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:35402
MANSFELD:16641
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2965
Stachys affinis Bunge
japanese artichoke
stachys affinis
stachys sieboldii
chinese artichoke plant
obsolete: littleleaf linden plant
true
obsolete: bigleaf linden plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13681
GRIN:40686
ITIS:505615
MANSFELD:4811
PLANTS:TRMA7
http://eol.org/pages/484394
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2968
Tropaeolum majus L.
garden nasturtium
nasturtium
tropaeolum majus
indian cress plant
*Vaccinium oxycoccos* is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is known by the common names small cranberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry, or, particularly in Britain, just cranberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_oxycoccos]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13740
GRIN:41047
ITIS:505635
MANSFELD:18288
PLANTS:VAOX
http://eol.org/pages/484408
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2969
Vaccinium oxycoccos L.
european cranberry
mossberry
northern cranberry
small cranberry
vaccinium microcarpum
vaccinium oxycoccos
vaccinium oxycoccus
common cranberry plant
obsolete: bog bilberry plant
true
The word galangal, or its variant galanga, can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the *Zingiberaceae* (ginger) family, namely: *Alpinia galanga*, greater galangal; *Alpinia officinarum*, lesser galangal, *Kaempferia galanga*, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger, and *Boesenbergia rotunda*, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot; *Kaempferia galanga*, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galangal]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2971
Zingiberaceae
alpinia spp.
galanga
galangal plant
obsolete: sloe plant
true
obsolete: black persimmon plant
true
obsolete: lesser yam plant
true
obsolete: date plum plant
true
obsolete: american persimmon plant
true
obsolete: african oil palm plant
true
obsolete: benjamin tree
true
obsolete: climbing fig plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:405602
MANSFELD:1564
http://eol.org/pages/4200
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3333
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
finocchio
foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. azoricum
florence fennel plant
obsolete: sweet fennel plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9867
GRIN:268
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3335
Fragaria viridis Duchesne
Fragaria viridis Weston
fragaria viridis
green strawberry plant
obsolete: garden strawberry plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9864
GRIN:257
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3337
Fragaria moschata Duchesne
Fragaria moschata Weston
fragaria eliator
fragaria moschata
hautbois strawberry plant
obsolete: chilean strawberry plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:104709
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3339
Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens (Duchesne) Staudt
fragaria semperflorens
fragaria vesca subsp. vesca f. semperflorens
alpine strawberry plant
obsolete: two row barley plant
true
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. distichon (L.) Alef.
Hordeum vulgare convar. hexastichon Alef.
hordeum hexastichum
hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare convar. vulgare
six row barley plant
obsolete: indian lettuce plant
true
curled lettuce
curled lettuce plant
obsolete: chinese crabapple plant
true
obsolete: manchurian crabapple plant
true
obsolete: paradise apple plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11055
GRIN:23279
ITIS:25264
MANSFELD:8846
PLANTS:MASY2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3347
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.
Malus sylvestris Mill.
Malus sylvestris P. Mill.
crab apple
crabapple
malus sylvestris
european crabapple plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3348
medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia
medicago ×varia
sand lucerne
variegated lucerne
bastard medic plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11358
GRIN:313511
ITIS:506074
PLANTS:NEMU5
http://eol.org/pages/4415
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3349
Nephelium mutabile Blume
Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.
nephelium mutabile
nephelium ramboutan-ake
pulasan plant
obsolete: spotted wolffish
true
obsolete: garfish
true
obsolete: norway haddock
true
obsolete: european flounder
true
obsolete: norway pout
true
pointed headed cabbage plant
2020-11-17T23:51:38Z
brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica
sugar loaf cabbage plant
obsolete: chickling vetch plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3357
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
plant according to family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3358
feed plant
fodder
fodder plant
forage
plant used as fodder
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3359
medicinal plant
plant for medicinal use
Diadromous fish travel between salt and fresh water. Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter. Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable the salmon to get past. Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams. Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding.
WIKIPEDIA:Diadromous_fish
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3360
diadromous fish
Potamodromous fish migrate within fresh water only.
WIKIPEDIA:Potamodromous
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3361
potamodromous fish
freshwater fish
Oceanodromous fish migrate within salt water only
WIKIPEDIA:Oceanodromous
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3362
oceanodromous fish
marine fish
Dolphins are aquatic mammals related to whales and porpoises
Any member of the families *Delphinidae* and *Platanistoidea* (oceanic and river dolphins). Porpoises (suborder *Odontoceti*, family *Phocoenidae*) are thus not dolphins in this sense. Orcas and some related species belong to the *Delphinidae* family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language. There are almost 40 species of dolphin in 17 genera.
WIKIPEDIA:Dolphin)
http://langual.org
Dolphins vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (88 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (the Orca). However, the average length for most North American Species is 13.89 feet in length. Most species weigh about 50 to 200 kg (110 to 440 lb). They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. Bottlenose Dolphin is the most common and familiar species of dolphin.
http://eol.org/pages/7659
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3363
dolphin
bottlenose dolphin
humpback dolphin
spinner dolphin
dolphin family
The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family *Phocoenidae*; they are related to whales and dolphins. They are however distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" is often used to refer to any small dolphin, especially in North America. A key difference is the shape of the teeth and of the head. Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore. Probably best known is the Harbour Porpoise, which can be found across the Northern Hemisphere. (
WIKIPEDIA:Porpoise)
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7653
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3364
phocoenidae
porpoise
porpoise family
obsolete: yak
true
There are two species of Roe Deer. The European Roe Deer (*Capreolus capreolus*), a deer species of Europe and Asia Minor, and the Siberian Roe Deer (*Capreolus pygargus*), found from the Ural Mountains to as far east as China and Siberia. The two species met at the Caucasus Mountains, with the European species occupying the southern flank of the mountain ranges and adjacent Asia Minor and the Siberian species occupying the northern flank of the mountain ranges. Within Europe, the European Roe Deer occurs in most areas, with the exception of northern Scandinavia and some of the islands, notably Iceland, Ireland, and the Mediterranean Sea islands; in the Mediterranean region it is largely confined to mountainous regions, and is absent or rare at low levels. The Roe Deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95-135 cm, a shoulder height of 65-75 cm, and a weight of 15-30 kg. It has rather short, erect antlers and a reddish body with a grey face. Its hide is golden red in summer, darkening to brown or even black in winter, with lighter undersides and a white rump patch; the tail is very short (2-3 cm), and barely visible. Only the males have antlers, which are lost during winter, but which re-grow in time for the mating season.
WIKIPEDIA:Roe_deer
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/15610
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3366
capreolus spp.
roe deer
Zebus (*Bos taurus indicus*), sometimes known as 'nothing cattle', are better-adapted to tropical environments than other domestic cattle. Their scientific name was originally *Bos indicus*, but this name is now deemed invalid by ITIS, who classify the zebu under *Bos taurus* along with all other domestic cattle, and their aurochs ancestors, domesticated in India about 10,000 years ago. The ancient species of *Bos nomadicus* cattle or even gaur may have contributed to the development of the zebus. There are some 75 known breeds, split about evenly between African breeds and South Asian ones. The major Zebu cattle breeds of the world include Gyr, Guzerat, Indu-Brazilian, Nellore, Ongole and Brahman. Zebu have humps, large dewlaps and ears. They have more sweat glands than European cattle (*Bos taurus*). They handle hot, humid climates well and have pest resistances not seen in European cattle. (
WIKIPEDIA:Zebu)
http://langual.org
ITIS:183838
MSW3:14200689
http://eol.org/pages/328699
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3367
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758
Bos taurus indicus Linnaeus, 1758
bos indicus
bos taurus indicus
zebu
obsolete: white crappie
true
obsolete: murray cod
true
obsolete: bogue
true
obsolete: silver bream
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8093
GRIN:30008
GRIN:300085
PLANTS:BRASS2
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3372
Brassica
Brassica L.
Brassica sp.
Brassica spp.
brassica spp.
brassica species
Komatsuna (*Brassica rapa* var. *perviridis* or komatsuna) is a type of leaf vegetable. It is a variant of the same species as the common turnip. It is grown commercially in Japan, Taiwan and Korea; the name is from Japanese komatsuna. It is also known as Japanese Mustard Spinach and is usually stir-fried, pickled, boiled and added to soups or used fresh in salads.
WIKIPEDIA:Komatsuna
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8123
GRIN:7687
ITIS:23063
http://eol.org/pages/583898
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3373
brassica rapa var. perviridis
japanese mustard spinach
komatsuna
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey
komatsuma plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:319637
ITIS:506222
PLANTS:BRPA13
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3374
Brassica campestris L., var. parachinensis (Bailey) Sinsk.
Brassica parachinensis L. H. Bailey
Brassica parachinensis L.H. Bailey
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica parachinensis
brassica rapa parachinensis
choisum
false pak-choi
tsai shim
tsoi sum
tsai shim plant
obsolete: marrow-stem kale plant
true
A variety of kale (Brassica oleracea sabellica)
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3376
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala (D. C.) Alef., var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea sabellica
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
borecole
curly kale plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3377
legume animal feed plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3378
straw, fodder or forage of cereal grains and grasses
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:314966
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3379
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. ; P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.
pueraria montana lobata
kudzu plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:21856
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3380
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don ; L. sericea Miq.
lespedeza plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:25737
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3381
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.; O. sativa Lamk.
sainfoin plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:300317
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3382
Lotus corniculatus, L.; other Lotus spp.
trefoil plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:1284
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3383
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
cynodon dactylon
bermuda grass plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:28896
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3384
Poa spp.
poa spp.
bluegrass plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:300088
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3385
Bromus spp.
bromus spp.
brome grass plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:22502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3386
Lolium spp.
lollium spp.
darnel plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3387
tropical or subtropical fruit - edible peel plant
obsolete: caranda plant
true
obsolete: sea-grape plant
true
obsolete: java-almond plant
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3391
tropical or subtropical fruit - inedible peel plant
obsolete: annatto plant
true
obsolete: canistel plant
true
The ilama (also known as the tree of the ilama, *Annona diversifolia*) is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America.
WIKIPEDIA:Annona_diversifolia
http://langual.org
CCPR:
ITIS:506199
PLANTS:ANDI11
http://eol.org/pages/1546
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3394
Annona diversifolia Saff.
annona diversifolia
ilama plant
obsolete: java apple plant
true
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus *Dioscorea* (family *Dioscoreaceae*) that form edible tubers. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and subtropical world regions. The tubers themselves are also called "yams", having numerous cultivars.
In parts of the United States and Canada, "yam" is sometimes used to refer to varieties of the completely unrelated sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)]
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:300191
http://eol.org/pages/8214
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3396
Dioscorea L.
dioscorea spp.
dioscoreaceae
yam plant
obsolete: cush-cush yam plant
true
obsolete: white guinea yam plant
true
obsolete: yellow guinea yam plant
true
obsolete: jack-bean plant
true
obsolete: sword-bean plant
true
obsolete: tepary plant
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:24652
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3403
Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.; Stizolobium deeringianum Bort.; other Stizolobium spp.
velvet bean plant
obsolete: bearberry plant
true
obsolete: pachira tree
true
A wild (non-domesticated) species of Genus Zea plant.
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:103582
GRIN:400366
GRIN:410702
PLANTS:ZEMAH
PLANTS:ZEMAP
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3406
Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis; Zea mexicana (Schrader) Kunze; Euchlaena mexicana Schrader.
Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (H. H. Iltis & Doebley) Doebley
Zea mays subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis
Zea mays subsp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley
teosinte plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:12546
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3407
Cucumis sativus L.; pickling cucumber cultivars
bur cucumber
bur gherkin
cucumis anguria
west indian gherkin plant
obsolete: canihua plant
true
obsolete: black nightshade plant
true
obsolete: blackjack plant
true
obsolete: chinese box thorn plant
true
*Malva* is a genus of about 25-30 species of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family *Malvaceae* (of which it is the type genus), one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva]
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:11063
GRIN:23312
GRIN:311601
ITIS:21841
PLANTS:MALVA
PLANTS:MAVE
http://eol.org/pages/584649
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3413
MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L.
Malva
Malva L.
Malva spp.
Malva verticillata L.
cluster mallow
malva spp
malva verticillata
mallow plant
obsolete: marsh marigold plant
true
obsolete: sowthistle plant
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:9703
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3416
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
kapok plant
obsolete: chinese onion plant
true
obsolete: bambara groundnut plant
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:311411
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3419
Macrostyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marcechal & Baudet; Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms.; Voandzeia poissoinii Chev.
geocarpa bean
geocarpa groundnut
kersting's groundnut plant
obsolete: winter-purslane plant
true
*Sanguisorba* is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Rosaceae* native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The common name is burnet.
There are about 30 species, including: *Sanguisorba annua* (annual burnet, prairie burnet, western burnet); *Sanguisorba canadensis* (Canadian burnet, white burnet); *Sanguisorba dodecandra* (Italian burnet); *Sanguisorba hakusanensis* (Hakusan burnet); *Sanguisorba menendezii* (Canary Islands burnet); *Sanguisorba minor* (salad burnet, garden burnet, little burnet); *Sanguisorba obtusa* (Japanese burnet); *Sanguisorba officinalis* (great burnet, burnet bloodwort); *Sanguisorba tenuifolia* (Asian burnet). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguisorba]
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:12788
GRIN:300527
GRIN:33026
PLANTS:SANGU2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3421
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Poterium officinala A. Gray) ; Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.; syn: Poterium sanguisorba L.)
Sanguisorba
Sanguisorba L.
Sanguisorba spp.
sanguisorba
burnet plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:1392
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3422
Dictamnus albus L. ; D. fraxinella Pers.
cretan dittany
dittany
burning-bush plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:1358
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3423
Acorus calamus L.
flagroot
calamus plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:24703
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3424
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.
curryleaf plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:20121
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3425
Inula helenium L.
elecampane plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:23450
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3426
Marrubium vulgare L.
horehound plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:21677
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3427
Lavandula angustifolia Mill..; L. officinalis Chaix; L. spica L.; L. vera DC.
lavender plant
obsolete: marigold plant (Calendula)
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:32578
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3429
Ruta graveolens L.
rue plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:102117
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3430
Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.
myrrh
sweet cicely plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:80037
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3431
Tanacetum balsamita L.; Chrysanthemum balsamita L.
tansy plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:103279
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3432
Asperula odorata L.
galium odoratum
woodruff plant
*Artemisia* is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family *Asteraceae*. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_(genus)]
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:7726
GRIN:300044
GRIN:427
PLANTS:ARTEM
http://eol.org/pages/4206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3433
Artemisia
Artemisia L.
Artemisia absinthium L.; A. abrotanum L.; A. vulgaris L.
Artemisia spp.
artemisia
mugwort
sagebrush
sagewort
southernwood
wormwood plant
obsolete: snake gourd plant
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3435
Hybrids of Grapefruit x Tangelo
tangelolo plant
The *Lecythidaceae* comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar. The most important member of the family in world trade is the Brazil nut (*Bertholletia excelsa*), valued for its edible nuts; the Paradise nut (*Lecythis* species) is also eaten.
WIKIPEDIA:Lecythidaceae
http://langual.org
CCPR:
http://eol.org/pages/34921
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3436
Lecythis zabucajo Aubl.; L. elliptica Kunth; L. ollaria L.; L. usitatis Miers
lecythis spp.
paradise nut
sapucaia-nut plant
obsolete: tropical almond plant
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:2492
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3438
Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott
alocasia indica
alocasia macrorrhizos
alocasia plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:4256
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3439
Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.; A. esculenta DC.
arracacia xanthorrhiza
peruvian-carrot
arracacha plant
obsolete: bulbous chervil plant
true
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8858
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3441
Canna edulis Ker.
achira
canna indica
gruya
queensland arrowroot
edible canna plant
Kurrat is a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum.
http://langual.org
allium kurrat
broadleaf wild leek
salad leek
wild leek
kurrat plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:26219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3443
Oxalis tuberosa Mol.
oca plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8778
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3444
Campanula rapunculus L.
rampion plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:34477
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3445
Sium sisarum L.
skirret
skirrit plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8405
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3446
Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl.
guinea arrowroot
leren
topee tambu plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:40814
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3447
Ullucus tuberosus Caldas
ullucu plant
Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3448
anadromous fish
Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3449
catadromous fish
Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3450
amphidromous fish
obsolete: long-finned eel
true
obsolete: noble crayfish
true
*Astacus leptodactylus*, the Danube crayfish or Galician crayfish, is a species of crayfish native to eastern Europe. It can be distinguished most easily from the commoner European or broad-fingered crayfish (*Astacus astacus*) by the relatively thinner "fingers" of the claws.
WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_leptodactylus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1264
FAO ASFIS:CRD
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3454
Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823
Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholz, 1823
astacus leptodactylus
galician crayfish
danube crayfish
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7720
GRIN:4247
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3455
aronia melanocarpa
black chokeberry
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott
black chokeberry plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3456
tropaeolum majus
garden nasturtium plant
obsolete: king threadfin
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3458
piber auritum
piper sanctum
piper umbellatum
pepper leaves plant
obsolete: american bullfrog
true
obsolete: indian bullfrog
true
obsolete: agile frog
true
obsolete: common frog
true
The edible frog (*Pelophylax kl. esculentus*) is a name for a common European frog, also known as the common water frog or green frog (however, this latter term is also used for the North American species Rana clamitans). It is used for food, particularly in France for the delicacy frog legs. *Pelophylax kl. esculentus* is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog (*Pelophylax lessonae*) and the marsh frog (*Pelophylax ridibundus*).
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGK
ITIS:775190
ITIS:775195
http://eol.org/pages/320013
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3463
Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882)
Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
Rana esculenta Linnaeus 1758
Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758
common water frog
green frog
pelophylax esculentus
rana esculenta
edible frog
obsolete: marsh frog
true
obsolete: pool frog
true
obsolete: hawksbill turtle
true
obsolete: loggerhead turtle
true
Disjunction discouraged, use specific item instead.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3468
obsolete: amphibian or reptile as food source
true
obsolete: rohu
true
obsolete: indian mulberry tree
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:14027
ITIS:40635
PLANTS:DIIB2
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3471
Digitaria iburua Stapf
digitaria iburua
black fonio plant
obsolete: bleak
true
obsolete: amur bitterling
true
obsolete: crucian carp
true
obsolete: european chub
true
obsolete: sneep
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://eol.org/pages/3198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3477
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
scardinius erythrophthalmus
rudd
obsolete: ruffe
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13782
GRIN:300653
PLANTS:VERBE
http://eol.org/pages/4304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3479
Verbena
Verbena L.
Verbena sp.
verbena ssp.
vervain
verbena plant
obsolete: common verbena plant
true
obsolete: great atlantic scallop
true
obsolete: common ground dove
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3483
pod or seed vegetable, poisonous cultivars
obsolete: garden pea plant
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:UDQ
http://eol.org/pages/7125
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3485
Munida gregaria
Munida gregaria (Fabricius 1793)
lobster krill
munida gregaria
red whalefeed
squat lobster
swarming squat lobster
new zealand langostino
great-headed garlic
levant garlic
great-headed garlic plant
Tree onions, also commonly called top onions or Egyptian onions, are a strong-growing onion with a bunch of bulblets where a normal onion would have flowers. In some varieties these bulblets will sprout and grow while still on the original stalk, which may bend down under the weight of the new growth, giving rise to the name, walking onion. [Source: Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
GRIN:
GRIN:404736
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3487
Allium ×proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd.
beltsville bunching onion
catawissa onion
egyptian onion
top onion
wakegi onion
tree onion plant
obsolete: angled loofah plant
true
obsolete: red huckleberry plant
true
obsolete: caramote prawn
true
obsolete: eastern king prawn
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1194
FAO ASFIS:ENS
ITIS:95812
http://eol.org/pages/7184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3492
Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt, 1926)
Metapenaeus endeavouri Schmitt, 1926
endeavour prawn
endeavour shrimp
metapenaeus endeavouri
brown prawn
obsolete: green tiger prawn
true
obsolete: kuruma prawn
true
obsolete: western king prawn
true
obsolete: deep-water rose shrimp
true
obsolete: japanese eel
true
obsolete: european smelt
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:269
CEC 1993:270
FAO ASFIS:SMR
ITIS:162041
http://eol.org/pages/357054
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3499
Osmerus mordax
Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
Osmerus mordax Mitchill, 1814
Osmerus mordax Steindachner & Kner 1870
Osmerus mordax dentex
Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870
Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
osmerus mordax
LanguaL curation note: According to FISHBASE, the taxonomic status of the scientific name is not valid. Valid entry is *ATLANTIC RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]* (Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)).
Status of scientific name in ITIS is valid, in which , Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) is a subspecies.
rainbow smelt
obsolete: amur pike
true
obsolete: golden perch
true
obsolete: salema
true
See also Wikipedia .
WIKIPEDIA:Gull
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8001
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3503
guillemots
seagull
tern
gull
See also Wikipedia .
WIKIPEDIA:Plover
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8011
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3504
oystercatcher
plover
obsolete: emmer plant
true
obsolete: einkorn plant
true
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13671
GRIN:40544
GRIN:410383
ITIS:42237
MANSFELD:34204
PLANTS:TRAE
http://eol.org/pages/1115240
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3507
Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum
triticum aestivum
common wheat plant
obsolete: black guillemot
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8892
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3509
etmopteridae
lantern sharks
lantern shark family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3510
houndsharks
smooth dogfishes
smooth-hounds
topes
triakidae
whiskery sharks
hound shark family
obsolete: smooth-hound
true
obsolete: gummy shark
true
obsolete: spotted estuary smooth-hound
true
obsolete: longnose spurdog
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1887
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3515
carcharhiniformes
ground sharks
fish, carcharhiniform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1896
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3516
cat sharks
catsharks
scyliorhinidae
cat shark family
obsolete: nursehound
true
obsolete: small-spotted catshark
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3519
squatiniformes
fish, squantiniform
obsolete: atlantic angel shark
true
obsolete: pacific angel shark
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24907
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3522
lamna spp.
mackerel shark
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/26898
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3523
carcharodon spp.
carcharodon
obsolete: salmon shark
true
obsolete: great white shark
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/23812
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3526
carcharhinus spp.
gray sharks
grey sharks
obsolete: sandbar shark
true
obsolete: night shark
true
obsolete: smalltail shark
true
obsolete: carribean reef shark
true
obsolete: dusky shark
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1309
FAO ASFIS:ABG
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3532
Haliotis gigantea
Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791
haliotis gigantea
giant abalone
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1310
FAO ASFIS:ABP
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3533
Haliotis midae (Linnaeus 1758)
haliotis midae
perlemoen abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1311
FAO ASFIS:ABR
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3534
Haliotis ruber Leach, 1814
Haliotis rubra
Haliotis rubra Leach 1814
haliotis ruber
haliotis rubra
blacklip abalone
obsolete: tuberculate abalone
true
obsolete: green abalone
true
obsolete: black abalone
true
obsolete: red abalone
true
obsolete: pink abalone
true
obsolete: white abalone
true
obsolete: donkeys ear abalone
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HTW
ITIS:69509
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3542
Haliotis assimilis
Haliotis assimilis Dall, 1878
haliotis assimilis
threaded abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3543
Haliotis australis
haliotis australis
queen paua
australian abalone
obsolete: flat abalone
true
obsolete: pinto abalone
true
obsolete: red-brown ark
true
obsolete: turkey wing
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RKQ
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3548
Arca noae
Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758
arca noae
noahs ark
obsolete: mossy ark
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3550
Anadara subcrenata
anadara subcrenata
mogai clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:79351
http://eol.org/pages/2217
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3551
Anadara baughmani
Anadara baughmani Hertlein, 1951
anadara baughmani
skewed ark
baughman ark
obsolete: goose barnacle
true
obsolete: duck barnacle
true
obsolete: redfinger rubble crab
true
obsolete: warty crab
true
obsolete: cuban stone crab
true
obsolete: gulf stone crab
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MHZ
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3558
Menippe rumphii (Fabricius, 1798)
menippe rumphii
maroon stone crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ENF
http://eol.org/pages/7156
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3559
Menippe frontalis A. Milne Edwards, 1879
menippe frontalis
stridulating stone crab
obsolete: jonah crab
true
obsolete: pacific rock crab
true
obsolete: bigtooth rock crab
true
obsolete: red rock crab
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KCB
http://eol.org/pages/1215
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3564
Cancer bellianus Johnston 1861
cancer bellianus
toothed rock crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KKJ
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3565
Cancer johngarthi Carvacho, 1989
cancer johngarthi
northern lemon rock crab
obsolete: mottled shore crab
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:660438
http://eol.org/pages/1188
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3567
Cryptodromiopsis plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984)
cryptodromiopsis plumosa
shaggy sponge crab
obsolete: stone king crab
true
http://langual.org
CEC:1295
FAO ASFIS:KCR
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3569
Lithodes antarcticus Jacquinot 1853
Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782
lithodes antarcticus
lithodes santolla
southern king crab
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/36228
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3570
callinectes spp.
swim crab (callinectes spp.)
obsolete: dana swimming crab
true
obsolete: white river crayfish
true
obsolete: florida crayfish
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RKT
http://eol.org/pages/1219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3574
Procambarus bivitattus Hobbs, 1942
procambarus bivitattus
ribbon crayfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1267
FAO ASFIS:UTT
http://eol.org/pages/1233
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3575
Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803)
Austropotamobius torrentium Schrank, 1803
austropotamobius torrentium
stone crayfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1266
FAO ASFIS:AUP
http://eol.org/pages/1233
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3576
Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858)
austropotamobius pallipes
river crayfish
obsolete: norwegian krill
true
obsolete: ice krill
true
obsolete: pygmy krill
true
obsolete: northern krill
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRT
ITIS:95518
http://eol.org/pages/1280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3581
Euphausia triacantha Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Euphausia triacantha Holt and Tattersall, 1906
euphausia triacantha
spiny krill
obsolete: isada krill
true
obsolete: cape lobster
true
obsolete: andaman lobster
true
obsolete: small european locust lobster
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:IBA
ITIS:553009
http://eol.org/pages/7208
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3586
Ibacus alticrenatus Bate, 1888
Ibacus altricrenatus Bate, 1888
ibacus alticrenatus
ibacus altricrenatus
velvet fan lobster
obsolete: arafura lobster
true
obsolete: armoured lobster
true
obsolete: northwest lobster
true
obsolete: caribbean lobster
true
obsolete: bight lobster
true
obsolete: new zealand lobster
true
obsolete: formosa lobster
true
obsolete: japanese lobster
true
obsolete: mozambique lobster
true
obsolete: neptune lobster
true
obsolete: urugavian lobster
true
obsolete: sculpted lobster
true
obsolete: siboga lobster
true
obsolete: china lobster
true
obsolete: red-banded lobster
true
obsolete: velvet lobster
true
obsolete: red rock lobster
true
obsolete: juan fernandez rock lobster
true
obsolete: tristan rock lobster
true
obsolete: green rock lobster
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/15300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3607
jasus spp.
jasid spiny lobster
obsolete: st.paul rock lobster
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:JSN
http://eol.org/pages/7174
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3609
Jasus novaehollandiae Holthuis 1963
jasus novaehollandiae
southern rock lobster
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/14974
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3610
panulirus spp.
panulirid spiny lobster
obsolete: natal spiny lobster
true
obsolete: cape verde spiny lobster
true
obsolete: pink spiny lobster
true
obsolete: australian spiny lobster
true
obsolete: pelagic red crab
true
*Branchiopoda* is a class of crustaceans. It comprises fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, Cladocera, Notostraca and the Devonian Lepidocaris. They are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchiopoda]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3616
branchiopods
branchiopod
obsolete: painted river prawn
true
obsolete: aesop shrimp
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1242
FAO ASFIS:KNS
ITIS:96024
http://eol.org/pages/7212
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3619
Haliporoides triarthrus Stebbing, 1914
Hymenopenaeus triarthrus (Stebbing, 1914)
haliporoides triarthrus
hymenopenaeus triarthrus
knife shrimp
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7212
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3620
solenocerid shrimps
solenoceridae
solenocerid shrimp family
obsolete: argentine stiletto shrimp
true
obsolete: shiba shrimp
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1197
FAO ASFIS:GUS
ITIS:95859
http://eol.org/pages/7184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3623
Parapenaeopsis atlantica Balss, 1914
parapenaeopsis atlantica
guinea shrimp
obsolete: yellowleg shrimp
true
obsolete: witch prawn
true
obsolete: crystal shrimp
true
obsolete: fleshy prawn
true
obsolete: brown tiger prawn
true
obsolete: banana prawn
true
obsolete: southern pink shrimp
true
*Xiphopenaeus kroyeri* was first described by Camill Heller in 1862, under the name *Penaeus kroyeri*. It was transferred to the genus *Xiphopenaeus* in 1869 by Sidney Irving Smith. *X. kroyeri* has been considered conspecific with the Pacific species *X. riveti*, but recent genetic analysis indicates that the two are separate species, and that *X. kroyeri* (sensu stricto) may even constitute two cryptic species.
WIKIPEDIA:Xiphopenaeus_kroyeri
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TIT
http://eol.org/pages/7184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3631
Xiphopenaeus riveti Bouvier 1907
xiphopenaeus kroyeri
xiphopenaeus riveti
pacific seabob
obsolete: royal red shrimp
true
obsolete: atlantic mud shrimp
true
obsolete: atlantic jackknife
true
obsolete: southern quahog
true
obsolete: hardshell clam
true
obsolete: california bay shrimp
true
obsolete: pod razor
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KID
ITIS:81559
http://eol.org/pages/2310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3639
Chione undatella
Chione undatella (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)
Chione undatella (Sowerby, 1835)
chione undatella
frilled venus
obsolete: smooth venus
true
obsolete: sunray venus
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KIK
ITIS:81537
http://eol.org/pages/2310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3642
Chione californiensis
Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835)
chione californiensis
california venus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KNU
http://eol.org/pages/2310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3643
Austrovenus stutchburyi
Chione stutchburyi (Wood 1828)
austrovenus stutchburyi
new zealand cockle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GCJ
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3644
Glycymeris pilosa
Glycymeris pilosa (Linnaeus 1767)
glycymeris pilosa
pilose bittersweet
dock cockle
obsolete: european bittersweet
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3646
Glycymeris violacescens
glycymeris violacescens
purple bittersweet
violet bittersweet
obsolete: common cockle
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KTS
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3648
Acanthocardia spinosa (Solander 1786)
Cardium tuberculatum
acanthocardia spinosa
cardium tuberculatum
knotted cockle
obsolete: california cockle
true
obsolete: atlantic giant cockle
true
obsolete: greenland cockle
true
obsolete: nuttall cockle
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1358
FAO ASFIS:MYC
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3653
Mytilus chilensis (Hupé, 1854)
Mytilus chilensis Hupe, 1854
mytilus chilensis
chilean blue mussel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1359
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3654
Mytilus crassitesta
mytilus crassitesta
korean mussel
obsolete: mediterranean mussel
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1362
FAO ASFIS:MYA
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3656
Mytilus planulatus
Mytilus planulatus Lamarck, 1819
mytilus planulatus
australian mussel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1363
FAO ASFIS:MSR
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3657
Mytilus platensis Orbigny, 1846
Mytilus platensis dOrbigny 1846
mytilus platensis
river plata mussel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1364
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3658
Mytilus smaragdinus
mytilus smaragdinus
green mussel
obsolete: northern blue mussel
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YUD
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3660
Mytilus desolationis Lamy 1936
mytilus desolationis
kerguelen mussel
obsolete: green garden snail
true
obsolete: garden snail
true
obsolete: escargot
true
Helix lucorum is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
WIKIPEDIA:Helix_lucorum
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Helix_lucorum_2.jpg/320px-Helix_lucorum_2.jpg
http://eol.org/pages/2640
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3664
helix lucorum
turkish snail
http://molluscs.at/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix.html?/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix/lucorum.html
obsolete: florida fighting conch
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:74187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3666
Pleuroploca gigantea
Pleuroploca gigantea (Kiener, 1840)
horse conch
obsolete: milk conch
true
obsolete: queen conch
true
WIKIPEDIA:Lambis_lambis
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BQA
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3669
Lambis lambis
Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758)
common spider conch
lambis lambis
spider conch
obsolete: west indian fighting conch
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1335
FAO ASFIS:OCH
http://eol.org/pages/2248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3671
Ostrea chilensis Philippi 1845
Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1847
ostrea chilensis
chilean flat oyster
obsolete: european oyster
true
obsolete: mangrove cupped oyster
true
obsolete: sydney cupped oyster
true
http://langual.org
CEC:1336
FAO ASFIS:ODE
http://eol.org/pages/2248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3675
Ostrea denticulata Born 1778
Ostrea denticulata Born, 1778
ostrea denticulata
denticulate rock oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:79869
http://eol.org/pages/2248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3676
Crassostrea gigas kumamoto
crassostrea gigas kumamoto
kumamoto oyster
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2266
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3677
pinnidae
penshell
obsolete: common cuttlefish
true
obsolete: white octopus
true
obsolete: common octopus
true
obsolete: curled octopus
true
obsolete: little squid
true
obsolete: long-fin squid
true
The shark catfishes form the family *Pangasiidae*. They are found in fresh and brackish waters across southern Asia, from Pakistan to Borneo. Among the 30-odd members of this family is the plant-eating, endangered Mekong giant catfish *Pangasianodon gigas*, one of the largest known freshwater fish. Several species are the basis of productive aquaculture industries in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_catfish]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5092
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3684
pangasiidae
giant catfishes
obsolete: sutchi catfish
true
obsolete: mekong giant catfish
true
obsolete: spot pangasius
true
obsolete: shortbarbel pangasius
true
obsolete: pangas catfish
true
obsolete: giant pangasius
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1407
FAO ASFIS:CHO
http://eol.org/pages/2351
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3691
Loligo reynaudi Orbigny, 1845
Loligo reynaudi dOrbigny 1845
chokker squid
loligo reynaudi
cape hope squid
obsolete: common squid
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2357
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3693
flying squids
ommastrephidae
shortfin squids
flying squid
obsolete: argentine shortfin squid
true
obsolete: southern shortfin squid
true
obsolete: northern shortfin squid
true
obsolete: sharptail shortfin squid
true
obsolete: wellington flying squid
true
obsolete: angolan flying squid
true
obsolete: antarctic flying squid
true
obsolete: japanese flying squid
true
obsolete: european flying squid
true
obsolete: lesser flying squid
true
obsolete: gould's flying squid
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2379
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3705
fissurellidae
keyhole limpets
keyhole limpet
http://langual.org
GRIN:409749
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3706
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. neapolitanum Danert
broadleaved parsley
petrosellinum crispum var. neapolitanum
italian parsley plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:411921
MANSFELD:1246
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3707
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. crispum
curly parsley
double-curled parsley
garden parley plant
obsolete: bladder campion plant
true
obsolete: corn poppy plant
true
obsolete: opium poppy plant
true
obsolete: hartwort plant
true
*Plantago* is a genus of about 200 species of small, inconspicuous plants commonly called plantains. *Plantago* species have been used since prehistoric times as herbal remedies. The herb is astringent, anti-toxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, as well as demulcent, expectorant, styptic and diuretic. Externally, a poultice of the leaves is useful for insect bites, poison-ivy rashes, minor sores, and boils. In folklore it is even claimed to be able to cure snakebite. Internally, it is used for coughs and bronchitis, as a tea, tincture, or syrup. The broad-leaved varieties are sometimes used as a leaf vegetable for salads, green sauce, et cetera. Plantain seed husks expand and become mucilaginous when wet, especially those of *Plantago psyllium*, which is used in common over-the-counter bulk laxative and fiber supplement products. []
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12024
GRIN:317089
PLANTS:PLANT
http://eol.org/pages/4354
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3712
Plantago
Plantago L.
Plantago sp.
indianwheat
plantago spp.
plantain plant
obsolete: african plantain plant
true
obsolete: shepherd's needle plant
true
obsolete: annual sowthistle plant
true
Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.
ITIS:185436
Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum
Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum (Boiss.) Regel
broadleaf wild leek
broadleaf wild leek plant
obsolete: sea beet plant
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4267
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3718
vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus
northern mountain cranberry plant
obsolete: waterchestnut plant
true
obsolete: ruvo kale plant
true
Sweet onion is a variety of onion that is not pungent. There are several varieties of sweet onion. The term sweet onion comes from the perceived sweetness of the onion compared to other varieties. This perceived sweetness is derived from a low sulfur content and and high water content when compared to other onion varieties.
white onion
sweet onion plant
The banana pepper (also known as the yellow wax pepper or banana chili) is a medium-sized member of the chili pepper family that has a mild, tangy taste. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_pepper]
http://langual.org
GRIN:311784
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3722
Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum
capsicum annuum var. annuum
banana pepper plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:410680
ITIS:27285
PLANTS:CHANA2
http://eol.org/pages/479009
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3725
fireweed
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub ssp. angustifolium
Epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium L.
chamerion angustifolium
chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium
epilobium angustifolium
epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium
fireweed plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:319648
MANSFELD:23939
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3727
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
field mustard
polish canola
turnip-rape
winter turnip rape plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:409366
MANSFELD:1235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3728
Apium graveolens var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.
Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alef.
apium graveolens var. secalinum
chinese cellery
leaf celery plant
obsolete: stalk celery plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:6398
MANSFELD:19198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3730
Bambusa oldhamii Munro
bambusa oldhamii
giant timber bamboo
oldham's bamboo plant
obsolete: giant bamboo plant
true
obsolete: taiwan giant bamboo plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:403384
MANSFELD:19259
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3733
Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz
gigantochloa albociliata
white-fringe gigantochloa plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:17528
MANSFELD:19275
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3734
Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.
Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merrill
gigantochloa levis
smooth giant grass
smooth-shoot gigantochloa
poring bamboo plant
obsolete: tortoise shell bamboo plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:36634
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3736
Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble
monastery bamboo
thyrsostachys siamensis
umbrella-handle bamboo
thailand bamboo plant
obsolete: perennial wallrocket plant
true
obsolete: levant cotton plant
true
obsolete: upland cotton plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:101304
MANSFELD:5835
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3740
Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. & Bukasov) Hawkes
Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes
solanum tuberosum l. subsp. andigenum
andean potato plant
obsolete: lowbush blueberry plant
true
A plum tomato, also known as a processing tomato or paste tomato, is a type of tomato bred for sauce and packing purposes. Varieties commonly available in markets include Roma VF and San Marzano (semi-determinate; a signature tomato of Italian cuisine), though there are many other varieties, such as the short-season Ropreco Paste and the larger Amish Paste and Big Mama. Five hybrid cultivars grown in California constitute over 60% of total production of processing tomatoes. Small plum tomatoes (similar in size to cherry tomatoes) are known as grape tomatoes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_tomato
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Plum_Tomatoes%2C_Lexington_MA.jpg/320px-Plum_Tomatoes%2C_Lexington_MA.jpg
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3742
grape tomato plant
roma tomato plant
plum tomato plant
cocktail tomato plant
Frillice is a cross between iceberg lettuce and curly endive; the leaves are green, thick and crisp like iceberg but the tops are crinkled like curly endive.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3746
frillice lettuce plant
Mizuna (Japanese: 'water greens'), also called Xiu Cai, Kyona, Japanese Mustard, Potherb Mustard, Japanese Greens, California Peppergrass, Spider Mustard, etc., is a Japanese name used primarily for cultivated varieties of *Brassica rapa nipposinica* but also for *Brassica juncea* var. *japonica*.
GRIN:319651
ITIS:23063
PLANTS:BRRA
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
Japanese mustard greens
Mizuna
brassica juncea var. japonica
brassica rapa nipposinica
california peppergrass
kyona
potherb mustatd
spider mustard
water greens
xiu cai
japanese mustard plant
Red onions, are cultivars of the onion (*Allium cepa*) with purplish red skin and white flesh tinged with red. These onions tend to be medium to large in size and have a mild, to sweet flavor.
red onion plant
obsolete: arctic cod
true
obsolete: american alligator
true
obsolete: chinese alligator
true
obsolete: american crocodile
true
obsolete: new guinea crocodile
true
obsolete: estuarine crocodile
true
obsolete: nile crocodile
true
obsolete: siamese crocodile
true
obsolete: green iguana
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3807
Salmoninae
salmoninae
salmonins
*Esociformes* are a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families, the *Umbridae* (mudminnows) and the *Esocidae* (pikes). The pikes of genus *Esox* give the order its name.
WIKIPEDIA:Esociformes
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3808
Esociformes
esciformes
fish, esociform
The Osmeriformes comprise an order of ray-finned fish that includes the true or freshwater smelts and allies, such as the galaxiids and noodlefishes; they are also collectively called osmeriforms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmeriformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5394
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3809
Osmeriformes
osmeriformes
fish, osmeriform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5484
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3810
phractolaemidae
african mudfish family
obsolete: russian sturgeoun
true
obsolete: european sturgeon
true
obsolete: sevruga
true
obsolete: sterlet
true
obsolete: fringe-barbel sturgeon
true
obsolete: adriatic sturgeon
true
obsolete: daggertooth pike-conger
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3818
muraenesocidae
pike-conger family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3819
atherinopsidae
new world silversides
neotropical silverside family
obsolete: boyer's sandsmelt
true
obsolete: smelt
true
obsolete: sandsmelt
true
obsolete: atlantic silverside
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8265
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3824
aulopidae
flagfin family
obsolete: mediterranean flagfin
true
obsolete: greater lizardfish
true
obsolete: brushtooth lizardfish
true
obsolete: atlantic lizardfish
true
obsolete: red bream
true
obsolete: striped anchovy
true
obsolete: bay anchovy
true
obsolete: atlantic anchoveta
true
obsolete: pacific anchoveta
true
obsolete: rat-tail anchovy
true
obsolete: australian anchovy
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:214
FAO ASFIS:ANC
http://eol.org/pages/3191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3836
Engraulis capensis Gilchrist 1913
Engraulis capensis Gilchrist, 1913
engraulis capensis
southern africa anchovy
stet anchovy
obsolete: european anchovy
true
obsolete: japanese anchovy
true
obsolete: anchoveta
true
obsolete: river anchoita
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:161726
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3841
Clupea harengus membras Linnaeus, 1761
clupea harengus membras
baltic herring
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3842
Dorosomatinae
dorosomatinae
gizzard shad
http://langual.org
ITIS:161791
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3845
Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schneider, 1908)
sprattus sprattus balticus
baltic sprat
Etrumeus is a genus of round herrings in the family, *Dussumieriidae*. There are currently six recognized species in this genus: *Etrumeus golanii* DiBattista, J. E. Randall & Bowen, 2012; *Etrumeus makiawa* J. E. Randall & DiBattista, 2012; *Etrumeus micropus* (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846); *Etrumeus teres* (DeKay, 1842) (Red-eye round herring); *Etrumeus whiteheadi* Wongratana, 1983 (Whitehead's round herring); *Etrumeus wongratanai* DiBattista, J. E. Randall & Bowen, 2012. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrumeus]
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:176
http://eol.org/pages/2776970
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3846
Etrumeus Bleeker, 1853
Etrumeus spp.
etrumeus
round herring
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3847
clupea pallasii marisalbi
white sea herring
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3848
clupea pallasii suworowi
chosa herring
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:174
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3849
Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert, 1891
etrumeus acuminatus
californian round herring
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:175
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3850
Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814)
etrumeus sardina
atlantic round herring
obsolete: red-eyed round herring
true
obsolete: whitehead's round herring
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/28522
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3853
sardinops spp.
pilchard
obsolete: false herring
true
obsolete: redear sardine
true
*Harengula* is a genus of herrings that occur mostly in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with one species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. There are currently four described species: *Harengula clupeola* (Cuvier, 1829) (False herring); *Harengula humeralis* (Cuvier, 1829) (Redear herring); *Harengula jaguana* Poey, 1865 (Scaled herring); *Harengula thrissina* (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific flatiron herring) [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harengula]
WIKIPEDIA:Harengula
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:178
EC:No 216/2009 SAS
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3856
Harengula Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Harengula spp.
harengula
obsolete: picton herring
true
obsolete: southern african pilchard
true
obsolete: short-body sardinella
true
obsolete: japanese sardinella
true
obsolete: western pacific gizzard shad
true
http://langual.org
FISHBASE 2004:1614
ITIS:161805
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3862
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson & Rothman, 1973
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson and Rothman, 1973
nematalosa galatheae
galathea gizzard shad
obsolete: allis shad
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:154
FAO ASFIS:TSD
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3864
Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803)
Alosa fallax Lacépède, 1803
alosa fallax
twaite shad
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:155
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3865
Alosa fallax nilotica (Lacépède, 1803)
alosa fallax nilotica
nile twaite shad
obsolete: hickory shad
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:157
FAO ASFIS:SHC
ITIS:161719
http://eol.org/pages/6893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3867
Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
alosa pontica
black sea shad
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:345
http://eol.org/pages/3198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3868
Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas, 1811)
phoxinus percnurus
swamp minnow
obsolete: pink minnow
true
obsolete: greek rudd
true
obsolete: vimba bream
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:281
http://eol.org/pages/5509
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3872
Esox americanus vermiculatus
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846
esox americanus vermiculatus
grass pickerel
obsolete: brazilian codling
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24269
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3874
molva spp.
european ling
obsolete: mediterranean ling
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3876
Pollachius Nilsson, 1832
pollacchius spp
pollock
obsolete: european pollock
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5500
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3878
Merluccius Rafinesque, 1810
merluccius spp.
hake
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5500
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3879
merlucciidae
merlucid hakes
hake family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3880
Micromesistius Gill, 1863
micromesistius spp.
blue whiting (genus)
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:449
http://eol.org/pages/5503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3881
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830)
black sea whiting
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:920
FAO ASFIS:OOA
ITIS:164846
http://eol.org/pages/5410
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3882
Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758
ophidion barbatum
snake blenny
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5410
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3883
Ophidion Linnaeus, 1758
ophidion spp.
cusk-eel
obsolete: basketweave cusk-eel
true
obsolete: patagonian grenadier
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5500
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3886
Macruronus Günther, 1873
macruronus spp.
blue grenadier
obsolete: offshore silver hake
true
obsolete: southern hake
true
obsolete: cape hake
true
obsolete: chilean hake
true
obsolete: argentine hake
true
obsolete: european hake
true
obsolete: deepwater hake
true
obsolete: benguela hake
true
obsolete: north pacific hake
true
obsolete: senegalese hake
true
obsolete: rough-head grenadier
true
obsolete: baird's smmoth-head
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:270
http://eol.org/pages/5399
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3899
Osmerus mordax dentex
Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870
asiatic smelt
boreal smelt
arctic smelt
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24396
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3900
seriolella spp.
silverfish
obsolete: southern kingfish
true
obsolete: gulf kingfish
true
obsolete: northern kingfish
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:715
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3904
Cynoscion macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890)
conyscion macdonaldi
macdonald's weakfish
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25491
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3905
leiostomus spp.
spot
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/17542
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3906
atractoscion spp.
atractoscion
obsolete: african weakfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/27313
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3908
cilus spp.
cilus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3909
Micropogonias Bonaparte, 1831
micropogonias spp.
finebarbel croaker
obsolete: white-mouth croaker
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:169347
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3911
Paralonchurus goodei Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann, 1898
paralonchurus goodei
angel croaker
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25345
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3912
genyonemus spp.
genyonemus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3913
Larimichthys Jordan and Starks, 1905
larimichthys spp.
larimichthys
obsolete: croceine croaker
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:646626
http://eol.org/pages/5211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3915
Larimichthys pamoides (Munro, 1964)
larimichthys pamoide
southern yellow croaker
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24569
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3916
mullus spp.
mullet
obsolete: golden goatfish
true
obsolete: blunt snouted mullet
true
obsolete: west african goatfish
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:812
ITIS:620959
http://eol.org/pages/5286
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3920
Upeneus asymmetricus Lachner, 1954
upeneus asymmetricus
golden-striped goatfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RPB
http://eol.org/pages/5286
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3921
Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepède 1801)
parupeneus bifasciatus
doublebar goatfish
obsolete: goldsaddle goatfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/23821
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3923
gobius spp.
freshwater goby
obsolete: golden goby
true
obsolete: giant goby
true
obsolete: black goby
true
obsolete: rock goby
true
obsolete: atlantic mudskipper
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24507
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3929
pomatoschistus spp.
pomatoschistus
obsolete: canestrini's goby
true
obsolete: sand goby
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24389
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3932
knipowitschia
obsolete: lagoon goby
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3934
Neogobius Iljin, 1927
neogobius
round goby (Neogobius)
obsolete: bighead goby
true
obsolete: round goby
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5319
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3937
Proterorhinus Smitt, 1900
proterorhinus spp.
tubenose goby (Proterorhinus)
obsolete: tubenose goby
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5319
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3939
Zosterisessor Whitley, 1935
zosterisessor spp.
zosterisessor
obsolete: grass goby
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3941
osphronemidae
giant gourami family
obsolete: giant gourami
true
obsolete: barred grunt
true
obsolete: porkfish
true
obsolete: bigeye grunt
true
obsolete: southeast pacific grunt
true
obsolete: pigfish
true
obsolete: african striped grunt
true
obsolete: biglip grunt
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25570
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3950
carangoides
island jack
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/28407
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3951
elagatis spp.
runner
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:666
http://eol.org/pages/5361
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3952
Trachurus trachurus capensis (Castelnau, 1861)
trachurus trachurus capensis
cape horse mackerel
obsolete: offshore jack mackerel
true
obsolete: pacific jack mackerel
true
obsolete: cunene horse mackerel
true
obsolete: green-back horse mackerel
true
obsolete: japanese jack mackerel
true
obsolete: rough scad
true
obsolete: oxeye scad
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3960
decapterus spp.
mackerel scads (Decapterus spp)
obsolete: shortfin scad
true
obsolete: mackerel scad
true
obsolete: japanese scad
true
obsolete: indian scad
true
obsolete: leatherjacket
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:OLG
ITIS:641990
http://eol.org/pages/5361
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3966
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks 1904
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert and Starks, 1904
oligoplites refulgens
shortjaw leatherjacket
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/26908
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3967
alectis spp.
threadfish
cobblerfish
obsolete: alexandria pompano
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5361
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3969
Parastromateus Bleeker, 1865
parastromateus spp.
parastromateus
obsolete: skipjack trevally
true
obsolete: juan fernandez trevally
true
obsolete: australian bonito
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24721
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3973
cybium spp.
scomberomorus spp.
seerfish
*Rastrelliger* is a mackerel genus in the family *Scombridae*. The three species of *Rastrelliger* together with the four species of *Scomber* comprise the tribe Scombrini, known as the "true mackerels": Short mackerel, *R. brachysoma* (Bleeker, 1851); Island mackerel, *R. faughni* Matsui, 1967.; Indian mackerel, *R. kanagurta* (Cuvier, 1816).
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:966
EC:No 216/2009 RAX
http://eol.org/pages/25976
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3974
chub mackerel
Rastrelliger Jordan and Starks in Jordan and Dickerson, 1908
Rastrelliger spp.
indian mackerel
rastrelliger spp.
chub mackerel (Rastrelliger genus)
obsolete: island mackerel
true
obsolete: short mackerel
true
obsolete: monterey spanish mackerel
true
obsolete: indo-pacific king mackerel
true
obsolete: korean seerfish
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:981
FAO ASFIS:STS
ITIS:172445
http://eol.org/pages/5210
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3980
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831)
scomberomorus lineolatus
streaked seerfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:983
FAO ASFIS:PAP
ITIS:202046
http://eol.org/pages/5210
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3981
Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro 1964
Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964
scomberomorus multiradiatus
papuan seerfish
obsolete: australian spotted mackerel
true
obsolete: japanese spanish mackerel
true
obsolete: kanadi kingfish
true
obsolete: queensland school mackerel
true
obsolete: cero
true
obsolete: broad-barred king mackerel
true
obsolete: chinese seerfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25172
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3989
thunnus spp.
albacore and tuna
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25067
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3990
euthynnus spp.
lesser tuna
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25843
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3991
auxis spp.
frigate tuna
frigate mackerel
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25068
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3992
katsuwonus spp.
skipjack tuna
oceanic bonito
obsolete: pintadilla
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/13855
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3994
agonostomus spp.
mountain mullet
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25496
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3995
valamugil spp.
bluespot mullet
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/27864
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3996
aldrichetta spp.
aldrichetta
obsolete: pacific pomfret
true
obsolete: lowfin pomfret
true
obsolete: common dentex
true
obsolete: angola dentex
true
obsolete: canary dentex
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:764
FAO ASFIS:DNC
ITIS:647936
http://eol.org/pages/5203
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4002
Dentex congoensis Poll, 1954
dentex congoensis
congo dentex
obsolete: pink dentex
true
obsolete: large-eyed dentex
true
obsolete: morocco dentex
true
obsolete: northern sand lance
true
obsolete: pacific sand lance
true
obsolete: raitt's sandeel
true
obsolete: sandeel
true
obsolete: greater sandeel
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:928
http://eol.org/pages/5381
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4011
Gymnammodytes cicerellus (Rafinesque, 1810)
gymnammodytes cicerellus
mediterranean sandeel
obsolete: pacific sandfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5128
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4013
psychrolutidae
flathead sculpin
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24210
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4014
mycteroperca spp.
mycteroperca
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4015
Cephalopholis Bloch and Schneider, 1801
cephalopholis spp.
cephalopholis
obsolete: white grouper
true
obsolete: golden grouper
true
obsolete: spotted grouper
true
obsolete: dogtooth grouper
true
obsolete: dusky sea perch
true
obsolete: malabar grouper
true
obsolete: nassau grouper
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24685
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4023
diplectrum
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4024
Paralabrax Girard, 1856
paralabrax spp.
sand bass
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4025
Acanthistius Gill, 1862
acanthistius spp.
acanthistius
The cutlassfishes are about 40 species of predatory fish in the family *Trichiuridae* (order Perciformes) found in seas throughout the world. Fish of this family are long, slender, and generally steely blue or silver in colour, giving rise to their name. They have reduced or absent pelvic and caudal fins, giving them an eel-like appearance, and large fang-like teeth. Some of the species are known as scabbardfishes or hairtails; others are called frostfishes because they appear in late autumn and early winter, around the time of the first frosts.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5194
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4026
hairtail
trichiuridae
cutlassfish family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4027
ambloplites spp.
rock bass genus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25735
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4028
lepomis spp.
common sunfish
obsolete: pumpkin-seed
true
obsolete: spotted bass
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5261
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4031
polyprionidae
wreckfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4032
lateolabracidae
obsolete: four-finger threadfin
true
obsolete: royal threadfin
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:549
FAO ASFIS:TGA
ITIS:645936
http://eol.org/pages/5262
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4035
Polydactylus quadrifilis
Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829)
Polynemus quadrifilis (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
giant african threadfin
polydactylus quadrifilis
polynemus quadrifilis
threadfin
five-rayed threadfin
obsolete: northern wolffish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5170
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4037
scophthalmidae
turbot family
obsolete: four-spot flounder
true
obsolete: olive flounder
true
obsolete: spot-tail spiny turbot
true
obsolete: spiny turbot
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2805725
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4042
rhombosoleidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24508
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4043
limanda spp.
mud dab
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5179
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4044
achiridae
scrawled sole
freshwater sole
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/10955
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4045
thymallus spp.
grayling genus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24585
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4047
hucho spp.
danube salmon genus
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HUP
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4048
Hucho perryi (Brevoort, 1856)
stringfish
japanese huchen
obsolete: taimen
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:623483
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4050
Hucho ishikawae Mori, 1928
hucho ishikawae
korean taimen
A genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout". Salvelinus is a member of the subfamily Salmoninae within the family Salmonidae. The genus has a northern circumpolar distribution, and most of its members are typically cold-water fish that primarily inhabit fresh waters. Many species also migrate to the sea.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4051
charr
salvelinus spp.
Salvelinus Richardson, 1836
char
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:228
FAO ASFIS:CIP
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4052
Coregonus altior
Coregonus pollan Thompson 1835
Coregonus pollan Thompson, 1835
coregonus altior
coregonus elegans
coregonus pollan
freshwater herring
pollan
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:231
FAO ASFIS:CIH
ITIS:623413
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4053
Coregonus hiemalis
Coregonus hiemalis Jurine, 1825
coregonus hiemalis
lake geneva whitefish
obsolete: lake neuchâtel whitefish
true
obsolete: large-bottom pollan
true
obsolete: houting
true
obsolete: big powan
true
obsolete: blue whitefish
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ONH
ITIS:553425
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4059
Oncorhynchus apache (Miller, 1972)
Oncorhynchus gilae apache (Miller, 1972)
oncorhynchus apache
arizona trout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ONA
ITIS:553419
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4060
Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892)
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita (Jordan, 1892)
ancorhynchus aguabonita
golden trout
obsolete: mexican golden trout
true
obsolete: gila trout
true
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ONR
ITIS:623486
http://eol.org/pages/5158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4063
Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan & McGregor 1925
Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan and McGregor in Jordan and Hubbs, 1925
oncorhynchus rhodurus
biwa
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:253
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4064
Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta fario
river trout
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:254
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4065
Salmo trutta lacustris Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta lacustris
lake trout (brown trout variety)
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/24532
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4066
ameiurus spp.
bullhead
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/28014
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4067
pylodictis spp.
flathead catfish genus
obsolete: greek sheatfish
true
*Schilbeidae* is a family of catfishes native to Africa and Asia. These fish tend to swim in open water. The family name is sometimes spelled *Schilbidae* in scientific literature. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilbeidae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5088
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4069
schilbeidae
glass catfish family
obsolete: ocean sunfish
true
obsolete: slender sunfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5060
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4072
diodontidae
porcupinefish
burrfish family
obsolete: goosefish
true
obsolete: black-bellied angler
true
obsolete: devil anglerfish
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5051
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4076
cyttidae
bigeye dory family
obsolete: boar fish
true
obsolete: oxeye oreo
true
obsolete: warty dory
true
obsolete: white skate
true
obsolete: mediterranean starry ray
true
obsolete: blue skate
true
obsolete: blond ray
true
obsolete: sandy ray
true
obsolete: thornback ray
true
obsolete: little skate
true
obsolete: shagreen ray
true
obsolete: sharpnose skate
true
obsolete: painted ray
true
obsolete: brown ray
true
obsolete: spotted ray
true
obsolete: cuckoo ray
true
obsolete: winter skate
true
obsolete: long-nosed skate
true
obsolete: tarry skate
true
obsolete: rough ray
true
obsolete: spiny-tail skate
true
obsolete: starry skate
true
obsolete: undulate ray
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2774882
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4100
arhynchobatidae
softnose skate family
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4101
leucoraja spp.
rough skate (genus)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4102
dipturus spp.
long-nosed skate (genus)
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25060
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4103
amblyraja spp.
stout skate
obsolete: starry smooth-hound
true
obsolete: patagonian smooth-hound
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8894
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4106
somniosidae
sleeper shark family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/25171
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4107
somniosus spp.
sleeper shark
obsolete: greenland shark
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4109
mustelus spp.
smoot hound shark
smooth-hound genus
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4110
triakis spp.
leopard shark genus
obsolete: leopard shark
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8889
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4112
centrophoridae
gulper shark family
obsolete: gulper shark
true
obsolete: leaf-scale gulper shark
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8890
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4115
dalatiidae
sleeper shark
kitefin shark familie
obsolete: darkie charlie
true
obsolete: velvet belly
true
obsolete: shortnose spurdog
true
obsolete: angel shark
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8893
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4120
oxynotidae
rough shark family
obsolete: humantin
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8891
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4122
echinorhinidae
bramble shark family
obsolete: bramble shark
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4124
guitarfishes
rhinobatiformes
fish, rhinobatiform
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8886
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4125
rhinobatidae
guitarfish family
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:73
FAO ASFIS:GUB
ITIS:564441
http://eol.org/pages/8886
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4126
Rhinobatos albomaculatus (Norman, 1930)
Rhinobatos albomaculatus Norman, 1930
rhinobatos albomaculatus
white-spotted guitarfish
obsolete: chola guitarfish
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:75
FAO ASFIS:GUF
ITIS:564464
http://eol.org/pages/8886
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4128
Rhinobatos planiceps Garman, 1880
rhinobatos planiceps
peruvian guitarfish
obsolete: common guitarfish
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4130
https://eol.org/pages/46560658
guitarfish
rhinobatos spp.
guitarfish genus
obsolete: giant oceanic manta ray
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:111
ITIS:160993
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4132
Manta hamiltoni
Manta hamiltoni (Hamilton and Newman in Newman, 1849)
Manta hamiltoni (Newman, 1849)
manta hamiltoni
pacific manta
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1904
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4133
petromyzontidae
lamprey family
*Cheiragonidae* is a small family of crabs, sometimes called helmet crabs, placed in its own superfamily, *Cheriagonoidea*. It comprises three extant species, Erimacrus isenbeckii, Telmessus acutidens and Telmessus cheiragonus.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4134
cheiragonidae
helmet crab family
*Menippidae* is a family of crabs of the order Decapoda.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4135
menippidae
stone crab family
obsolete: black stone crab
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1294
FAO ASFIS:KCM
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4137
Lithodes murrayi
Lithodes murrayi Henderson 1888
Lithodes murrayi Henderson, 1888
lithodes murrayi
murray king crab
The *Oregoniidae* are a family of crabs, formerly included in the family *Majidae*. It contains the four genera *Chionoecetes, Hyas, Macroregonia, Oregonia*.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4138
oregoniidae
oregoniid family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1233
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4139
astacidae
european crayfish family
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4140
cambaridae
american crayfish family
obsolete: spinycheek crayfish
true
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1323
FAO ASFIS:BLC
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4142
Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
anadara granosa
blood cockle
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2298
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4143
pharidae
razor shell family
obsolete: sword razor
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2294
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4145
mactridae
mactra surf shell family
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1347
FAO ASFIS:SJA
http://eol.org/pages/2249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4146
Pecten jacobaeus
Pecten jacobaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
great mediterranean scallop
pecten jacobaeus
great scallop
obsolete: variegated scallop
true
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1349
http://eol.org/pages/2249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4148
Pecten meridionalis
Pecten meridionalis Tate, 1887
pecten meridionalis
australian scallop
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1351
FAO ASFIS:PSU
http://eol.org/pages/2249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4149
Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby 1842
Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby, 1842
groovesided scallop
pacten culcicostatus
south atlantic scallop
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1354
FAO ASFIS:MSC
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4150
Aulacomya ater (Molina, 1782)
aulacomya ater
ribbed mussel
magellan mussel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1355
FAO ASFIS:LFF
http://eol.org/pages/2235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4151
Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758)
date mussel
european date mussel
lithophaga lithophaga
date shell
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/57674
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4152
modiolus spp.
horse mussel
obsolete: south american rock mussel
true
obsolete: american bison
true
obsolete: european bison
true
obsolete: african buffalo
true
obsolete: european roe deer
true
obsolete: siberian roe deer
true
obsolete: fallow deer
true
*Odocoileus* is a genus of medium-sized deer (family *Cervidae*) containing two species native to the Americas. The name is sometimes spelt odocoeleus; it is from a contraction of the roots odonto- and coelus meaning "hollow-tooth".
WIKIPEDIA:Odocoileus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/34547
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4160
odocoileus spp.
odocoileus deer
obsolete: european hare
true
obsolete: arctic hare
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7667
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4163
fur seal
otariidae
sea lion
eared seal family
The order *Cetacea* includes the marine mammals commonly known as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetus is Latin and is used in biological names to mean "whale"; its original meaning, "large sea animal", was more general.
WIKIPEDIA:Cetacea
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7649
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4164
cetacea
cetacean marine mammal
Pinnipeds (from Latin pinna, wing or fin, and ped-, foot) or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semiaquatic marine mammals comprising the families *Odobenidae* (the walrus), *Otariidae* (eared seals, including sea lions and fur seals), and *Phocidae* (earless seals).
WIKIPEDIA:Pinniped
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4165
pinniped group
A large fowl, one of the two species in the genus Meleagris and the same as the wild turkey. [...] all of the main domestic turkey varieties today descend from the turkey raised in central Mexico that was subsequently imported into Europe by the Spanish in the 16th century.
http://langual.org
ITIS:176136
http://eol.org/pages/1049266
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4166
turkey
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758
meleagris gallopavo
domestic turkey
obsolete: ocellated turkey
true
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4168
plant used for dietary supplements
obsolete: cape aloe plant
true
obsolete: indian frankincense plant
true
obsolete: true senna plant
true
obsolete: java-bean plant
true
obsolete: wild senna plant
true
obsolete: pale purple cone-flower plant
true
obsolete: eastern purple coneflower plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:27841
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4194
Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.
epimedium sagittatum
bishop's hat species
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10168
GRIN:18252
PLANTS:HAPR3
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4195
Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.
harpagophytum procumbens
devil's-claw plant
obsolete: perforate st. john's-wort plant
true
obsolete: wolfberry plant
true
obsolete: purple passionflower plant
true
obsolete: boldo plant
true
obsolete: desert indianwheat plant
true
obsolete: saw palmetto plant
true
obsolete: blessed milkthistle plant
true
obsolete: garden valerian plant
true
obsolete: chaste tree
true
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the *Rubus* genus of the *Rosaceae* family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets.
WIKIPEDIA:Blackberry
http://langual.org
PLANTS:RUBUS
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4206
Rubus L.
rubus spp.
blackberry plant
obsolete: california blackberry plant
true
obsolete: european dewberry plant
true
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus *Oxycoccus* of the genus *Vaccinium*. In some methods of classification, *Oxycoccus* is regarded as a genus in its own right. They can be found in acidic bogs throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
WIKIPEDIA:Cranberry
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38372
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4209
cranberry plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4210
small cranberry plant
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38451
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4211
sambuccus spp.
elderberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12779
GRIN:313652
GRIN:32983
ITIS:35318
PLANTS:SANIC4
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4212
Sambucus canadensis L.
Sambucus canadensis canadensis Linnaeus
Sambucus canadensis var. canadensis
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
american black elderberry
canadian elderberry
sambucus canadensis
canadian elder plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:316284
PLANTS:VIROM
http://eol.org/pages/4382
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4213
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (J. Simpson ex Munson) M. O. Moore
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore
vitis rotundifolia
munson's grape plant
obsolete: mandarin lime plant
true
obsolete: sweet lime plant
true
*Citrus × deliciosa *(thorny (Australia) amarillo, beladi, Willowleaf Mandarin, Mediterranean Mandarin) is a citrus hybrid (mandarin × pumelo), though it was once thought to be a pure mandarin. It is related to the ponkan.
Its sweet fruit is eaten, its rind oil is used to flavour food and drinks, and petitgrain oil is extracted from the pruned leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_×_deliciosa]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8691
GRIN:314340
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4216
Citrus deliciosa Ten.
citrus deliciosa
mediterranean mandarin
willow-leaf mandarin
italian tangerine plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8704
GRIN:314342
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4217
Citrus tangerina Tanaka
Citrus tangerina hort. ex Tanaka
citrus tangerina
dancy tangerine
tangerine plant
*Citrus myrtifolia*, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of Citrus with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. The fruit of the tree resemble small oranges. They are sour or bitter and are commonly called by their Italian name, *chinotto*. They are an essential flavoring agent of most Italian amari, of the popular Campari apéritif, and of several brands of carbonated soft drinks that are generically called "chinotto". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_myrtifolia]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8700
GRIN:10756
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4218
Citrus myrtifolia Raf.
citrus myrtifolia
myrtle-leaf orange plant
obsolete: common quince plant
true
The Galia is a type of hybrid melon originating from a cantaloupe-honeydew cross, larger than a cantaloupe, and with deep green flesh. The name Galia is the feminine form of the Israeli name Gal (meaning 'wave').
WIKIPEDIA:Galia_(melon)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4220
galia melon plant
Melons with netted skin.
WIKIPEDIA:Melon
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9043
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4221
Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.
true muskmelon plant
The North American cantaloupe, common in the United States, Mexico, and in some parts of Canada, has a net-like (or reticulated) skin covering. It is a round melon with firm, orange, moderately sweet flesh and a thin, reticulated, light-brown rind. Varieties with redder and yellower flesh exist but are not common in the U.S. market.
WIKIPEDIA:Cantaloupe
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4222
north american cantaloupe plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4223
muskmelon, inodorus group (plant)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4224
Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo Cantaloupe Group
muskmelon, cantaloupe group (plant)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4225
muskmelon, crossbred varieties (plant)
A sugar melon is a type of cantaloupe that is about five to six inches (12-15 cm) in diameter and weighing between two and a half to four pounds (1-2 kg). Nearly round in shape, it has thick, sweet, orange flesh and a ribbed exterior that is a silvery gray.
WIKIPEDIA:Sugar_melon
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9044
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4226
Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus Naudin
sugar melon plant
The Canary melon (*C. melo* (Indorus group)) is a large, bright-yellow melon with a pale green to white inner flesh. This melon has a distinctively sweet flavor that is slightly tangier than a honeydew melon.
WIKIPEDIA:Canary_melon
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4227
canary melon plant
obsolete: garden rhubarb plant
true
obsolete: chinese rhubarb plant
true
obsolete: tibetian rhubarb plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:27394
ITIS:530950
PLANTS:PEAMD
http://eol.org/pages/4308
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4231
Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S.F. Blake
Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schldl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake
Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake
mexican avocado plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:319434
ITIS:530949
PLANTS:PEAMA2
http://eol.org/pages/4308
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4232
Persea americana Mill. var. americana
Persea americana var. americana
Persea americana var. americana Miller
lowland avocado
persea americana var. americana
west indian avocado
trapp avocado plant
obsolete: jewish plum plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:13793
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4236
Dialium indum L.
dialium indum
tamarind plum plant
obsolete: brazil cherry plant
true
obsolete: mamey sapote plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:102619
ITIS:505963
PLANTS:POVI21
http://eol.org/pages/4187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4239
Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronq.
Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist
pouteria
pouteria viridis
green sapote plant
obsolete: texas persimmon plant
true
obsolete: white sapote plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:317384
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4242
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.
wild barley plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13072
GRIN:33817
GRIN:430572
ITIS:41248
ITIS:530348
PLANTS:SEIT
http://eol.org/pages/1114673
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4243
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.
Setaria italica subsp. italica
Setaria italica var. italica (L.) Beauv.
german millet
hungarian millet
italian millet
setaria italica
foxtail millet plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:430573
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4244
Setaria italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.
setaria italica subsp. viridis
green foxtail millet plant
obsolete: canadian wild rice plant
true
obsolete: manchurian wild rice plant
true
obsolete: northern wild rice plant
true
obsolete: european beech plant
true
obsolete: american beech plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:16544
http://eol.org/pages/4197
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4250
Fagus japonica Maxim.
fagus japonica
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *JAPANESE BEECH [B4250]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
japanese beech plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:404238
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4251
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell. var. rugosa (Roxb.) M. Tsen & S. H. Lee
brassica juncea var. rugosa
head mustard
red mustard
swatow mustard
cabbage-leaf mustard plant
*Jasminum officinale*, known as the common jasmine or simply jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the olive family *Oleaceae*. It is also known as summer jasmine, poet's jasmine, white jasmine, true jasmine or jessamine, and is particularly valued by gardeners throughout the temperate world for the intense fragrance of its flowers in summer. It is also the National flower of Pakistan.
The essential oil of *Jasminum officinale* is used in aromatherapy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_officinale]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10536
GRIN:20668
ITIS:503238
PLANTS:JAOF
http://eol.org/pages/4426
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4252
Jasminum officinale L.
common jasmine
jasminum officinale
jasmine plant
*Pachyrhizus* is a small genus of five or six species of tropical and subtropical plants growing from large, often edible taproots.
WIKIPEDIA:Pachyrhizus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4254
pachyrhizus spp.
yam bean plant
http://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/yambean/en/
obsolete: goitenyo plant
true
obsolete: ahipa plant
true
obsolete: gold-of-pleasure plant
true
*Crataegus azarolus* is a species of hawthorn known by the common names azarole, mosphilla, and Mediterranean medlar. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and it is grown there and elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for its fruit. It has been used historically for a number of medicinal purposes.
WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus_azarolus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8959
GRIN:12083
PLANTS:CRAZ
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4258
Crataegus azarolus L.
crataegus azarolus
mediterranean-medlar
azarole plant
obsolete: salmonberry plant
true
obsolete: thimbleberry plant
true
obsolete: wineberry plant
true
Crowberry (*Empetrum*) is a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit. Species of crowberry include: *E. nigrum* (Crowberry), *E. eamesii* (Rockberry), *E.rubrum* and *E. hermaphroditum*. In subarctic areas. Crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami. After waning popularity, the crowberry is regaining its reputation as an edible berry. It provides a steady crop and the gathering is relatively easy. The high concentration of anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural food dye.
WIKIPEDIA:Crowberry
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/61890
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4262
empetrum spp.
crowberry plant
obsolete: black crowberry plant
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:502294
ITIS:524042
ITIS:524043
PLANTS:EMEA
PLANTS:EMEAA
PLANTS:EMEAE
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4264
Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg.
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D. Löve
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. eamesii
Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum (Fern. & Wieg.) D. Löve
Empetrum eamesii ssp. eamesii Fern. & Wieg.
eames' purple crowberry
empetrum eamesii
rockberry
purple crowberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9515
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4265
Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.
empetrum rubrum
red crowberry plant
The Jabuticaba (*Myrciaria cauliflora* (Mart.) O.Berg.) (also called Brazilian Grape Tree, Jaboticaba, Jabotica, Guaperu, Guapuru, Hivapuru, Sabará and Ybapuru) is a fruit-bearing tree in the family Myrtaceae native to Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil grown for the purple, grape-like fruits it produces. Other related species in the genus *Myrciaria*>, often referred to by the same common name, are native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The fruit is purplish black, with a white pulp; it can be eaten raw or be used to make jellies and drinks (plain juice or wine).
WIKIPEDIA:Myrciaria_cauliflora
http://langual.org
GRIN:24830
ITIS:506174
PLANTS:MYCA9
http://eol.org/pages/8095
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4266
Myrciaria cauliflora (C. Martius) O. Berg
Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg
brazilian grapetree
myrciaria cauliflora
jaboticaba plant
*Carissa* is a genus of about 20-30 species of shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and Asia. The fruit are edible but tart, and taste like a giant cranberry and rich in Vitamin C, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The fruit of *C. macrocarpa* is especially delicious and is used to make jelly. They are eagerly consumed by birds, which also distribute the seed. If eaten before fully ripe, a bitter, latex-like substance is released from the skin. Other than the fruit, the plant is poisonous.
WIKIPEDIA:Carissa
http://langual.org
PLANTS:CARIS
http://eol.org/pages/4280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4267
Carissa L.
carissa spp.
carissa plant
obsolete: purple-flowered raspberry plant
true
obsolete: strawberry raspberry plant
true
Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce.
WIKIPEDIA:Banana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11276
GRIN:312415
PLANTS:MUSA2
http://eol.org/pages/4249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4270
Musa
Musa L.
Musa sp.
musa spp.
banana plant
*Ensete*, or Enset, is a genus of plants, native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, *Musaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Ensete
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9519
PLANTS:ENSET
http://eol.org/pages/4249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4271
Ensete
Ensete Horan.
enset
ensete spp.
false banana
ensete plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:404699
http://eol.org/pages/4249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4272
Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman
ensete glaucum
snow banana plant
obsolete: whitespot giant arum plant
true
obsolete: splendid alfonsino
true
The Javan Rusa or Sunda Sambar (*Rusa timorensis*) is a deer native to the islands of Java, Bali and Timor (shared with East Timor) in Indonesia. It is also an introduced species in Irian Jaya, Borneo (Kalimantan), the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sulawesi, Australia, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Réunion.
WIKIPEDIA:Cervus_timorensis
http://langual.org
ITIS:625050
http://eol.org/pages/7685
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4276
Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822
cervus timorensis
rusa deer
timor deer
A small pectinid species is distributed on the outer continental shelf along the east coast of the South Island, from Kaikoura down to Macquarie Island. There are nine other species in the genus, none of which have attracted commercial interest, probably because of their small size.
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4277
gem scallop
gem shellfish
southern fan scallop
Zygochlamys delicatula
chlamys delicatula
tipa
zygochlamys delicatula
southern queen scallop
Iaraj (*Cyrtosperma chamissonis - Araceae*). This large, cultivated "hard" or "swamp" taro has been a very important starchy, staple food source. It reaches heights up to 4-6 m (15-20 ft) and produces huge green to yellowish-green, heart-shaped leaves with tips that point upward.
Iaraj is an aroid "root crop" species probably native to Southeast Asia or wetern Melanesia. Early settlers brought it by canoe to many islands of the tropical Pacific, including the Marshall Islands, in prehistoric times.[http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/MI/plants/iaraj.html]
http://langual.org
ITIS:506753
PLANTS:CYCH7
http://eol.org/pages/8191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4278
Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr.
cyrtosperma chamissonis
swamp taro plant
obsolete: pulaka plant
true
obsolete: parore
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5306
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4281
kyphosidae
pilot fish
rudderfishes
sea chubs
sea chub family
*Malvaceae*, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as *Alcea* (hollyhock), *Malva* (mallow) and *Lavatera* (tree mallow). The largest genera in terms of number of species include *Hibiscus* (300 species), *Sterculia* (250 species), *Dombeya* (250 species), *Pavonia* (200 species) and *Sida* (200 species). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvaceae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4321
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4282
mallows
malvaceae
mallows plant
obsolete: sunset muskmallow plant
true
obsolete: muskmallow plant
true
obsolete: moonfish
true
obsolete: ridge scaled rattail
true
obsolete: porae
true
*Odacidae* is a small family of fishes in the order *Perciformes*, commonly known as butterfish, cales, and weed-whitings. They are related to the much larger families of the wrasses and parrotfish.
WIKIPEDIA:Odacidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4288
butterfish
cales
weed-whitings
odacidae
obsolete: new zealand butterfish
true
obsolete: velvet leatherjacket
true
Puffins are any of three small species of auk (or alcids) in the bird genus *Fratercula* with a brightly coloured beak during the breeding season. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. Two species, the Tufted Puffin and Horned Puffin, are found in the North Pacific Ocean, while the Atlantic Puffin is found in the North Atlantic Ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Puffin
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/84465
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4292
fratercula
puffin
obsolete: tufted puffin
true
obsolete: atlantic puffin
true
obsolete: horned puffin
true
Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds. There are more than 30 species of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus *Calonectris* and many smaller species in the genus *Puffinus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Shearwater
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/19902
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4296
calonectris
puffinus
shearwater
obsolete: sooty shearwater
true
obsolete: elmleaf blackberry plant
true
obsolete: spinu sowthistle plant
true
obsolete: yellowtail horse mackerel
true
Seedlings of white mustard and garden cress.
Collins English Dictionary
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4301
mustard and cress
*Allium* is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants that includes hundreds of species, including the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek, and chives. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4302
allium
onion
wild onion
allium species
*Abelmoschus moschatus* is a perennial species comprising two recognised subspecies. Subsp. *moschatus* occurs in India, parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are also naturalised occurrences of subsp. *moschatus* in northern New South Wales. Subsp. *tuberosus* is found in northern Australia and in islands to the north. It is a delightful, soft, herbaceous trailing plant to 2 metres in diameter with soft hairy stems. It has an underground tuber and dies back to this tuber in the dry season, emerging again with the first substantial rains of the wet season. It is a relative of the edible okra and tubers and foliage were a source of food for Aborigines.[http://anpsa.org.au/a-mos.html]
http://langual.org
GRIN:105540
http://eol.org/pages/4321
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4303
Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus (Span.) Borss. Waalk.
abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus
native rosella plant
obsolete: australian round lime plant
true
obsolete: australian finger lime plant
true
A hybrid cross of Finger Lime and a calomondin which is pear shaped and orange inside.
The Australian Sunrise lime is a seedling of a Faustrimedin (originally bred in California in 1911), a hybrid of the Finger lime (Citrus australasica) and the Calamondin (Citrus × microcarpa), itself a hybrid between the Nagami kumquat (Citrus japonica 'Nagami') and the sour mandarin (Citrus sunki). Australian Sunrise produces attractive golden-coloured fruit on an upright shrub to small tree, usually 2 to 3 m high and 1.5 to 2.5 m wide. Foliage is dark, glossy-green. The oval leaves are approximately 40 to 45 mm long by 20 to 30 mm wide.
The cream-coloured flowers occur in spring to early summer. Fruits ripen in winter, are pearshaped and usually 30 to 45 mm long by 20 to 40 mm wide. Seeds are small and plump.
Juice squeezed from the fruit has a sharp, clean flavour and a light "floral" aroma. The fruit may be eaten whole and like a kumquat, have a sharpish flesh and a sweet albedo and skin. They can be used in products such as in cordials, beverages, conserves, puree, pastes, sauces, marmalade, syrups and garnishes.[http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/australian.html#sunrise]
WIKIPEDIA:Australian_lime
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4306
citrus × oliveri
australian sunrise lime plant
*Argyrosomus* is a genus of fish in the drum family, *Sciaenidae*. They are large fish, with the largest, *Argyrosomus regius* growing up to 230 cm in length. They are commonly targeted as game fish.
WIKIPEDIA:Argyrosomus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/23966
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4307
argyrosomus
obsolete: southern meagre
true
Grunters or tigerperches are fishes in the family *Terapontidae* (also spelled *Teraponidae*, *Theraponidae* or *Therapontidae*). They are found in shallow coastal waters in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, where they live in saltwater, brackish and freshwater habitats. They grow up to 80 cm in length and feed on fishes, insects and other invertebrates.
When caught, grunters make the characteristic grunting sounds that give them their name.
WIKIPEDIA:Terapontidae
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4309
grunters
teraponidae
terapontidae
theraponidae
therapontidae
tigerperch
grunter family
obsolete: silver perch
true
The *Sillaginidae*, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family of benthic coastal marine fishes in the order Perciformes. The smelt-whitings inhabit a wide region covering much of the Indo-Pacific, from the west coast of Africa east to Japan and south to Australia. The family comprises only three genera and thirty one species, of which a number are dubious, with the last major revision of the family in 1992 unable to confirm the validity of a number of species. They are elongate, slightly compressed fish often light brown to silver in colour with a variety of markings and patterns on their upper body. The Sillaginidae are not related to a number of fishes commonly called 'whiting' in the Northern Hemisphere, including the fish originally called whiting, *Merlangius merlangus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4311
sand borers
sand-smelts
sillaginidae
slillaginids
smelt whitings
smelt-whitings
whitings
sillago-whiting family
obsolete: king george whiting
true
The blood orange is a variety of orange (*Citrus sinensis*) with crimson, almost-blood-colored flesh. The fruit is smaller than an average orange; its skin is usually pitted, but can be smooth. The distinctive dark flesh color is due to the presence of anthocyanins, a family of pigments common to many flowers and fruit, but uncommon in citrus fruits. The flesh develops its characteristic maroon color when the fruit develops with low temperatures during the night. Sometimes there is dark coloring on the exterior of the rind as well, depending on the variety of blood orange. The skin can also be more tough and harder to peel than other oranges. While all oranges are likely of hybrid origin between the pomelo and the tangerine, blood oranges originated as a mutation of the sweet orange.
Within Europe, the Arancia Rossa di Sicilia (Red Orange of Sicily) has Protected Geographical Status.
WIKIPEDIA:Blood_orange
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8703
GRIN:10782
ITIS:28889
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4313
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
citrus sinensis
blood orange plant
The brown onion or yellow onion (*Allium cepa *L.) is a variety of dry onion with a strong flavour. They have a greenish-white, light yellow, or white inside, its layers of papery skin have a yellow-brown or pale golden colour. It is higher in sulphur content than the white onion, which gives it a stronger, more complex flavour.
yellow onion plant
http://langual.org
ISTA:
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4315
Avena byzantina K. Koch
avena byzantina
LanguaL curation note: Some sources (ITS, GRIN, and USDA PLANTS) list *RED OAT* (Avena byzantina K. Koch) as being a synonym of *COMMON OAT* (Avena sativa L.).
red oat plant
http://langual.org
obsolete: finger millet plant
true
http://langual.org
obsolete: african finger millet plant
true
obsolete: little millet plant
true
Species belonging to the taxonomic group *Avena* spp.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4319
avena spp.
oat plant
obsolete: japanese millet plant
true
Tetraploid wheat species (28 chromosomes). Khorasan wheat is an ancient grain type. This grain is two times larger than modern-day wheat and is known for its rich nutty flavor. KAMUT is the product name for the wheat variety Q-77 of this species.
WIKIPEDIA:Kamut
http://langual.org
GRIN:406899
PLANTS:TRTU3
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4321
Triticum turanicum Jakubz.
Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) A. Love & D. Love
kamut
khorasan wheat
oriental wheat plant
http://langual.org
2019-09-10T23:57:32Z
DPNL 2003:8106
GRIN:105448
ITIS:530958
PLANTS:BROLC2
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4322
Portuguese kale
couve tronchuda
sea kale
tronchuda cabbage plant
tronchuda kale plant
Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Brassica oleracea var. costata DC.
bedford cabbage
braganza
brassica oleracea var. costata
portuguese cole
tronchuda cabbage
beira tronchuda cabbage plant
The silverskin onion is a small variety of the onion, *Allium cepa* L.
silverskin onion plant
obsolete: canadian onion plant
true
A beefsteak tomato (American English) or beef tomato (British English) is any of the largest varieties of cultivated tomatoes, some weighing 1 pound (450 g) or more.
MANSFELD:6054
beefsteak tomato plant
Corn salad is several species in the *Valeriana* genus (*Valerianella locusta* (Linnaeus), *Valerianella olitoria* (Moench), *Valeriana eriocarpa*, etc Desv. - the synonym Valeriana is obsolete but appears frequently in older texts). It is small dicot annual plants of the family *Valerianaceae*. It is also called Lewiston cornsalad, lamb's lettuce, fetticus, field salad, mâche, feldsalat, nut lettuce and rapunzel.
WIKIPEDIA:Cornsalad
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13747
GRIN:317121
PLANTS:VALER2
http://eol.org/pages/4260
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4326
valerianella spp.
Valerianella
Valerianella Mill.
Valerianella P. Mill.
Valerianella sp.
cornsalad plant
obsolete: italian cornsalad plant
true
obsolete: narrowfruit cornsalad plant
true
A type of Cichorium intybus that looks rather like cos lettuce, with tightly packed leaves.
sugarloaf
sugar loaf chicory plant
obsolete: agretti plant
true
obsolete: prickly saltwort plant
true
http://langual.org
GRIN:301022
PLANTS:SALIC
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4332
Salicornia L.
Salicornia sp.
pickleweed
salicornia spp.
glasswort plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:412197
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4333
Salicornia europaea L.
salicornia europaea
common glasswort plant
*Plantago major* ("broadleaf plantain" or "greater plantain") is a species of *Plantago*, family *Plantaginaceae*. The plant is native to most of Europe and northern and central Asia, but has widely naturalised elsewhere in the world.
*Plantago major* is one of the most abundant and widely distributed medicinal crops in the world. A poultice of the leaves can be applied to wounds, stings, and sores in order to facilitate healing and prevent infection.
WIKIPEDIA:Plantago_major
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12028
GRIN:28788
ITIS:32887
PLANTS:PLMA2
http://eol.org/pages/579221
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4334
Plantago major L.
broadleaf plantain
common plantain
plantago major
greater plantain plant
obsolete: yellow gentian plant
true
*Anetholea anisata* (Vickery) Peter G.Wilson (formerly *Syzygium anisatum*, *Backhousia anisata*), ringwood or aniseed tree is a rare Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has an essential oil profile comparable to true aniseed. The leaf from cultivated plantations is used as a bushfood spice and distilled for the essential oil, and is known in the trade as aniseed myrtle or anise myrtle.
WIKIPEDIA:Syzygium_anisatum
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4338
anetholea anisata
aniseed tree
backhousia anisata
ringwood
syzygium anisatum
aniseed myrtle plant
obsolete: kaffir lime plant
true
*Backhousia citriodora* (common names lemon myrtle, lemon scented myrtle, lemon scented ironwood) is a flowering plant in the family *Myrtaceae*, genus *Backhousia*. It is endemic to subtropical rainforests of central and south-eastern Queensland, Australia, with a natural distribution from Mackay to Brisbane. Other common names are sweet verbena tree, sweet verbena myrtle, lemon scented verbena, and lemon scented backhousia.
WIKIPEDIA:Backhousia_citriodora
http://langual.org
GRIN:6250
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4340
Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
australian lemon myrtle
backhousia citriodora
lemon ironwood
lemon scented backhousia
lemon scented ironwood
lemon scented myrtle
lemon scented verbena
sweet verbena myrtle
sweet verbena tree
lemon myrtle plant
obsolete: european pennyroyal plant
true
*Satureja* is a genus of aromatic plants of the family *Lamiaceae*, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer savory and Winter savory are the most important in cultivation.
WIKIPEDIA:Satureja
http://langual.org
GRIN:313197
PLANTS:SATUR
http://eol.org/pages/4302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4342
satureja spp.
Satureja L.
Satureja sp.
savory plant
*Persicaria odorata*, the Vietnamese coriander, is an herb whose leaves are used in Southeast Asian cooking. Other English names for the herb include Vietnamese mint, Vietnamese cilantro, Cambodian mint and hot mint.
http://langual.org
GRIN:407755
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4343
Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak
cambodian mint
hot mint
persicaria odorata
vietnamese cilantro
vietnamese mint
vietnamese mint palm
vietnamese coriander plant
obsolete: white ginger plant
true
obsolete: winter cress plant
true
*Astrocaryum vulgare* (common names Tucum or Tucumã-do-Pará in Brazil, Aouara in French Guiana, Wara awara in Guyana, awarra in Suriname, Chontilla in Ecuador) is a palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation, typical of the Pará state in Brazil. This plant has edible fruit, which are also used for biodiesel production. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.[]
http://langual.org
GRIN:5941
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4346
Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.
astrocaryum vulgare
awarra palm
tucuma
tucum plant
*Schinus* is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, *Anacardiaceae*. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees.
WIKIPEDIA:Schinus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12902
GRIN:300533
PLANTS:SCHIN
http://eol.org/pages/4410
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4347
Schinus
Schinus L.
Schinus sp.
pepper tree
scinus spp.
peppertree plant
obsolete: peruvian peppertree
true
obsolete: west african pebber plant
true
obsolete: cubeb plant
true
*Aleurites moluccana*, the Candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, *Euphorbiaceae*, also known as Candleberry, Indian walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Nuez de la India, Buah keras or Kukui nut tree.
WIKIPEDIA:Aleurites_moluccana
http://langual.org
ITIS:28208
PLANTS:ALMO2
http://eol.org/pages/4198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4351
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
aleurites moluccana
candleberry
indian walnut
kukui nut tree
varnish tree
candlenut plant
This species is the chota or billi kichili of India and the Cleopatra mandarin of the United States. The tree is attractive, round-topped, symmetrical, and thornless, with small, dark-green leaves. The fruit is orange-red, small, oblate, and highly depressed at the apex, with thin, somewhat rough rind. The flesh texture is soft and juicy and the flavor is somewhat acid. Seeds are small, polyembryonic, and have green cotyledons.
Considered to be native to India and said to have been introduced into Florida from Jamaica sometime prior to 1888, *Citrus reshni* is increasingly important as a rootstock in the United States and elsewhere. It is an attractive ornamental and bears fruit the year round. [http://websites.lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html]
http://langual.org
GRIN:314357
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4353
Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka
citrus reshni
spice mandarin
cleopatra orange plant
An orangelo (Spanish chironja) is a hybrid citrus fruit believed to have originated in Puerto Rico. The fruit, a cross between a grapefruit and an orange, had spontaneously appeared in the shade-providing trees grown on coffee plantations in the Puerto Rican highlands.
WIKIPEDIA:Orangelo
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4354
chironja
orangelo plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:314329
http://eol.org/pages/4414
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4355
Citrus tankan Hayata
citrus tankan
tankan mandarin plant
*Vaccinium virgatum* (commonly known as either rabbit-eye blueberry or southern black blueberry) is a species of blueberry native to the Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas.
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_virgatum
http://langual.org
GRIN:41068
ITIS:505636
PLANTS:VAVI2
http://eol.org/pages/4267
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4356
Vaccinium virgatum Ait.
Vaccinium virgatum Aiton
blueberry, rabbiteye
blueberry, smallflower
blueberry, southern black
smallflower blueberry
southern black blueberry
vaccinium virgatum
rabbiteye blueberry plant
*Sorbus* is a genus of about 100 - 200 species of trees and shrubs in the Rose family, *Rosaceae*. Species of *Sorbus* (s.l.) are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, service tree, and mountain-ash.
WIKIPEDIA:Sorbus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29929
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4357
sorbus spp.
sorbus plant
obsolete: chinese persimmon plant
true
obsolete: bactrian camel
true
obsolete: dromedary camel
true
obsolete: mouflon
true
A ratite is any of a diverse group of large, flightless birds of Gondwanan origin, most of them now extinct. There is still some controversy regarding the systematics involved. Some sources state that Ratites are synonymous with *Struthioiniformes*, while other sources state that Ratites are the same group, only that the order *Struthioniformes* contains only the Ostrich and possibly the Elephant Bird. Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum - hence the name from the Latin ratis (for raft). Without this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not fly even if they were to develop suitable wings.
WIKIPEDIA:Ratite
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8662
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4362
struthioniformes
ratite
Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, in the genus *Apteryx* and family *Apterygidae*. At around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any species of bird in the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Kiwi
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8663
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4363
Apteryx Shaw, 1813
apteryx
kiwi
obsolete: northern bobwhite
true
obsolete: california quail
true
obsolete: common quail
true
obsolete: mallard
true
obsolete: muscovy duck
true
A breed of domesticated duck used primarily for egg and meat production. It was bred from the Mallard in China.
Anas peking
Anas platyrhynchos domestica
anas platyrhynchos dom.
long island duck
american pekin duck
The Mulard (or Moulard) is a hybrid variety of domestic duck produced by crossing a female Pekin with a male Muscovy Duck. Since the domestic Pekin is descended from the Mallard Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) and the Muscovy (*Cairina moschata*) is a separate species, all Mulards are sterile F1 hybrids. Most are bred through artificial insemination, and are sometimes also called "mule ducks".
WIKIPEDIA:Mulard_duck
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4370
mule duck
mulard duck
obsolete: red deer
true
obsolete: japanese horse-chestnut tree
true
obsolete: common vetch plant
true
The biological subfamily *Bovinae* includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns.
WIKIPEDIA:Bovinae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2851454
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4374
bovinae
bovine
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/103531
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4375
tragelaphus spp.
spiral-horned bovine
obsolete: nyala
true
obsolete: mountain nyala
true
obsolete: lesser kudu
true
obsolete: greater kudu
true
http://langual.org
ITIS:625122
http://eol.org/pages/2851454
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4380
Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood, 1925
bubalus mephistopheles
short-horned water buffalo
A bovid (family *Bovidae*) is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with characteristic unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin.
The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle.
WIKIPEDIA:Bovidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7687
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4381
bovidae
bovid
Chinese mud carp (Cirrhinus chinensis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus. Chinese mud carp is an important food fish in Guangdong Province. It is also cultured in this area and Taiwan.
Cantonese and Shunde cuisines often use this fish to make fish balls and dumplings.
WIKIPEDIA:Cirrhinus_chinensis
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/3198
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4382
cirrhinus chinensis
chinese mud carp
obsolete: alaska plaice
true
obsolete: weathervane scallop
true
obsolete: snapping turtle
true
Achatina is a genus of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing, tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achatina
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4386
achatina
giant snail
obsolete: stevia plant
true
obsolete: cupuaçu plant
true
*Cucumis* is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the *Cucurbitaceae* family which includes the cucumber (*Cucumis sativus*), muskmelons (*Cucumis melo*, including cantaloupe and honeydew), the horned melon (*Cucumis metuliferus*), and the West Indian gherkin (*Cucumis anguria*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4459
cucumis species
The *Cucurbitaceae*, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, the most important of which are:
*Cucurbita* - squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds;
*Lagenaria* - calabash, and others that are inedible;
*Citrullus* - watermelon (*C. lanatus, C. colocynthis*) and others;
*Cucumis* - cucumber (*C. sativus*), various melons;
*Luffa* - luffa, loofah
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4460
cucurbitaceae
gourd/squash family
obsolete: golden-spoon plant
true
obsolete: morrito plant
true
obsolete: yellow pond lily plant
true
obsolete: Crateva religiosa tree
true
Chordates, members of the phylum *Chordata*, are deuterostome animals possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life cycles. Taxonomically, the phylum includes the subphyla *Vertebrata*, including mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds; *Tunicata*, including salps and sea squirts; and *Cephalochordata*, comprising the lancelets.
WIKIPEDIA:Chordate
Accidentally put in LanguaL.
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/694
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4465
obsolete: chordate
true
Tunicates, previously known as *Urochordata* or urochordates, are members of the *Tunicata*, a subphylum of the phylum *Chordata*. They are marine filter feeders with a saclike morphology. In their respiration and feeding they take in water through an incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through an excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile and attached to rocks or similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; others such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes swim in the pelagic zone as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts or sea pork.
WIKIPEDIA:Tunicate
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4466
oopah
sea squirt
tunicata
tunicate
*Ascidiacea* (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a class in the Tunicata subphylum of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" made of the polysaccharide tunicin, as compared to other tunicates which are less rigid.
WIKIPEDIA:Ascidiacea
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/1486
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4467
ascidiacea
sea squirts
ascidian
obsolete: american black bear
true
obsolete: polar bear
true
The brown bear (*Ursus arctos*) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. Adult bears generally weigh between 100 and 635 kg (220 and 1,400 lb) and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator. There are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species. In North America, two types are generally recognized, the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear, and the two types could broadly define all brown bear subspecies.
WIKIPEDIA:Brown_bear
http://langual.org
ITIS:180543
MSW3:14000970
http://eol.org/pages/328581
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4470
Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758
ursus arctos
brown bear
The Kodiak bear (*Ursus arctos middendorffi*), also known as the Kodiak brown bear or the Alaskan grizzly bear or American brown bear, occupies the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in South-Western Alaska. Its name in the Alutiiq language is Taquka-aq. It is the largest subspecies of brown bear.
WIKIPEDIA:Kodiak_Bear
http://langual.org
MSW3:14000982
http://eol.org/pages/7664
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4471
Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam, 1896
taquka-aq
ursus arctos middendorffi
kodiak bear
The grizzly bear (*Ursus arctos horribilis*), also known as the silvertip bear, the grizzly, or the North American brown bear, is a subspecies of brown bear (Ursus arctos) that generally lives in the uplands of western North America. This subspecies is thought to descend from Ussuri brown bears which crossed to Alaska from eastern Russia 100,000 years ago, though they did not move south until 13,000 years ago.
WIKIPEDIA:Grizzly_bear
http://langual.org
MSW3:14000979
http://eol.org/pages/7664
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4472
Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815
grizzly
north american brown bear
silvertip bear
ursus arctos horribilis
grizzly bear
The California golden bear or California grizzly (*Ursus arctos californicus*) is an extinct subspecies of the brown bear. The California golden bear disappeared from the state of California in 1922, when the last one was shot in Tulare County. In 1866, a grizzly weighing 2,200 pounds was killed in Valley Center, California, the largest grizzly killed in California.
WIKIPEDIA:California_golden_bear
http://langual.org
ITIS:726987
MSW3:14000974
http://eol.org/pages/7664
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4473
Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896
ursus arctos californicus
california golden bear
obsolete: alaska blueberry plant
true
obsolete: narrowleaf cattail plant
true
Chitons are small to large marine molluscs in the class *Polyplacophora*, which formerly was known as *Amphineura*. There are approximately 940 extant and 430 fossil species recognized. These molluscs are also sometimes commonly known as sea cradles or "coat-of-mail shells". They are also sometimes referred to more formally as loricates, polyplacophorans, and rarely as polyplacophores. Chitons have a dorsal shell which is composed of eight separate shell plates or valves. These plates overlap somewhat at the front and back edges, and yet the plates articulate well with one another.
WIKIPEDIA:Polyplacophora
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2680
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4476
amphineura
chiton
chíton
loricate
polplacophore
polyplacophora
polyplacophoran
obsolete: black katy chiton
true
obsolete: squashberry plant
true
The White-winged Scoter (*Melanitta deglandi* or *Melanitta fusca deglandi*) is a large sea duck.
WIKIPEDIA:White-winged_scoter
http://langual.org
ITIS:175165
http://eol.org/pages/8027
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4479
Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850)
melanitta deglandi
melanitta fusca deglandi
white-winged scoter
obsolete: velvet scoter
true
*Umbridae* (mudminnows) are a family of *Actinopterygii*, ray-finned fish that inhabit freshwater environments in temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere. They are generally small fish, with the largest species reaching 33 centimetres (13 in) in length, and most less than half that.
WIKIPEDIA:Umbridae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5508
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4481
umbridae
mudminnow family
obsolete: alaska blackfish
true
obsolete: alpine sweetvetch plant
true
obsolete: giant pacific octopus
true
obsolete: bearded seal
true
obsolete: beluga whale
true
obsolete: spotted seal
true
obsolete: bowhead whale
true
Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order *Strigiformes*, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the Northern Hawk Owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except Antarctica, most of Greenland and some remote islands. Though owls are typically solitary, the literary collective noun for a group of owls is a parliament. Owls are characterized by their small beaks and wide faces, and are divided into two families: the typical owls, *Strigidae*; and the barn-owls, *Tytonidae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Strigiformes
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/696
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4489
strigiformes
owl order
True owl or Typical owl (family *Strigidae*) are one of the two generally accepted families of Owls, the other being the barn owls (*Tytonidae*). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the *Caprimulgiformes* with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily *Strigidae*. This is unsupported by more recent research (see *Cypselomorphae* for details), but the relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises around 189 living species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica.
WIKIPEDIA:Strigidae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8660
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4490
strigidae
typical owl family
obsolete: great horned owl
true
obsolete: plains pricklypear plant
true
obsolete: prairie turnip plant
true
The *Polygonaceae* are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed-buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus *Polygonum*, and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; poly means many and goni means knee or joint.
WIKIPEDIA:Polygonaceae
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4494
polygonaceae
smartweed-buckwheat family
knotweed family
*Aconogonon alaskanum* is an Asian and North American species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family known by the common name Alaska wild-rhubarb. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconogonon_alaskanum]
http://langual.org
GRIN:455714
ITIS:20870
PLANTS:POAL11
http://eol.org/pages/4364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4495
Aconogonon alaskanum (Small) Sojak
Polygonum alpinum All.
aconogonon alaskanum
polygonum alaskanum
alaska wild rhubarb plant
*Pangium edule* (Indonesian: keluak or keluwak;Malay: kepayang) is a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea). It produces a large poisonous fruit (the "football fruit") which can be made edible by fermentation. In Singapore and Malaysia, the seeds are best known as an essential ingredient in ayam (chicken) or babi (pork) buah keluak, a mainstay of Peranakan cuisine. Alternatively, the kernels may be ground up to form a thick black gravy called rawan (or rawon in parts of Indonesia).
WIKIPEDIA:Pangium_edule
http://langual.org
GRIN:26427
PLANTS:PAED4
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4496
Pangium edule Reinw.
Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume
pangium edule
rowal
pangium edule plant
obsolete: steller sea lion
true
obsolete: ringed seal
true
obsolete: arctic dock plant
true
*Spermophilus* is a genus of ground squirrels in the family *Sciuridae*. The majority of ground squirrel species, over 40 in total, are usually placed in this genus. However, *Spermophilus* in the broad sense has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues.
WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/15104
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4500
spermophilus
ground squirrel
The Arctic ground squirrel (*Urocitellus parryii*) is a species of ground squirrel native to the Arctic. People in Alaska, particularly around the Aleutians, refer to them as "Parka" (pronounced "par'kee") squirrels. probably because their pelt is good for making the fur edging on the hoods of Parka style jackets.
WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus_parryii
http://langual.org
ITIS:180146
http://eol.org/pages/8703
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4501
Spermophilus parryii (Richardson, 1825)
spermophilus parryii
urocitellus parryii
arctic ground squirrel
obsolete: tealeaf willow plant
true
obsolete: hedge mustard plant
true
obsolete: tahitian spinach plant
true
Pattypan squash, sunburst squash, cibleme in Cajun French, white squash, scallopini or yellow squash in Australian English, is a summer squash (species *Cucurbita pepo*) notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, somewhat resembling a small toy top, or flying saucer.
WIKIPEDIA:Pattypan_squash
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4505
pattypan squash plant
scallop squash plant
obsolete: beaked hazel plant
true
Blue corn is a variety of Flint maize grown in northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States, particularly in the states of Arizona and New Mexico.
WIKIPEDIA:Blue_corn
http://langual.org
GRIN:311987
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4507
Hopi maize
Zea mays ssp. mays L.
Zea mays subsp. mays
Rio Grande Blue
Tarahumara Maiz Azul
Yoeme Blue
zea mays indurata (not acc.)
zea mays ssp. mays
blue corn plant
*Eriophorum* (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family *Cyperaceae*, the sedge family. They are found throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere in acid bog habitats, being particularly abundant in Arctic tundra regions.
WIKIPEDIA:Cottongrass
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/29149
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4508
cotton-grass
cottonsedge
eriophorum
mouse nuts
cottongrass plant
obsolete: new zealand lemon sole
true
obsolete: ceylon sago palm plant
true
Choy sum or choi sum also known as the Chinese Flowering Cabbage, literally means vegetable heart in Cantonese if directly translated. Chinese Flowering Cabbage (*Brassica rapa* var. *parachinensis* or *Brassica chinensis* var. *parachinensis*) is a member of the *Brassica* genus and the *Brassicaceae* (mustard) family.
WIKIPEDIA:Choy_sum
http://langual.org
GRIN:319637
http://eol.org/pages/4219
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4514
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica rapa var. parachinensis
chinese flowering cabbage
choisum
false pak-choi
flowering white cabbage
mock pak-choi
choy sum plant
Tatsoi (*Brassica narinosa* or *Brassica rapa* var. *rosularis*), also called Spinach mustard, Spoon mustard, or Rosette bok choy, is an Asian variety of *Brassica rapa* grown for greens. This plant has become popular in North American cuisine as well, and is now grown throughout the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Tatsoi
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4515
brassica narinosa
brassica rapa var. rosularis
spinach mustard
spoon mustard
tatsoi plant
Buttercup squash is one of the most common varieties of this winter squash, with a turban shape (a flattish top and dark green skin), weighing three to five pounds, and normally heavy with dense, yellow-orange flesh.
WIKIPEDIA:Cucurbita_maxima
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4516
cucurbita maxima var. buttercup
buttercup squash plant
obsolete: common cattail plant
true
*Prunus virginiana*, commonly called bitter-berry, chokecherry, Virginia bird cherry and western chokecherry (also western chokecherry for *Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa*), is a species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south.
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_virginiana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12304
GRIN:30151
ITIS:24806
PLANTS:PRVI
http://eol.org/pages/630083
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4518
Prunus virginiana L.
bitter-berry
chokeberry
prunus virginiana
virginia bird cherry
virginia chokeberry
common chokeberry plant
Western Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana var. demissa) is a native tree or shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is fast growing and short-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 20 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer
http://langual.org
GRIN:30152
ITIS:529893
PLANTS:PRVID
http://eol.org/pages/8097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4519
Cerisier du Pacifique
western choke cherry
Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
prunus virginiana var. demissa
western chokeberry plant
obsolete: prairie rose plant
true
obsolete: french rose plant
true
*Collocalia* is a genus of swifts, containing some of the smaller species termed "swiftlets". Formerly a catch-all genus for these, a number of its erstwhile members are now normally (though not by all authors) placed in *Aerodramus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/18077
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4522
aerodramus
collocalia
swiftlet
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8023
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4523
apodidae
swift
obsolete: edible-nest swiftlet
true
obsolete: american ginseng plant
true
obsolete: chinese ginseng plant
true
obsolete: japanese ginseng plant
true
Marrowfat peas are green mature peas that have been allowed to dry out naturally in the field, rather than be harvested whilst still young like the normal garden pea. They are used to make mushy peas and also the snack food wasabi peas.
Marrowfat is a traditional, starchy, large-seeded variety of pea (*Pisum sativum* var. *medullare*). The word was coined around 1730 from marrow + fat.
WIKIPEDIA:Marrowfat_pea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12013
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4528
Pisum sativum L. convar. medullare Alef.
pisum sativum var. medullare
marrowfat pea plant
obsolete: chinese white olive plant
true
obsolete: indian gooseberry tree
true
obsolete: atlantic bobtail
true
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2333
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4532
sepiolidae
bobtail squid
*Dipteryx alata* (Baru) is a species of legume in the family *Fabaceae*. It is a large tree, usually referred to as "Baruzeiro" (Baru tree) in Portuguese and its fruits or almond-like beans are known as Baru. Other names besides Baru are Cumaru, Cumbaru, Barujo, Coco-feijão, Cumarurana, Emburena-brava, Feijão-coco, and Pau-cumaru.
It is found only in the Cerrado region of Brazil, and the Chiquitano region of eastern Bolivia, and is threatened by habitat loss. Historically it has been used as lumber, for charcoal production and for shade in pastures. The fruits are used as feed for cattle bovine and are also an important food source for small mammals, rodents, birds, bats, etc. They are also consumed by people.
WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_alata
http://langual.org
GRIN:317431
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4544
Dipteryx alata Vogel
barujo
coco-feijão
cumaru
cumarurana
cumbaru
dipteryx alata
emburena-brava
feijão-coco
pau-cumaru
baru plant
obsolete: pequi plant
true
*Anacardium othonianum* is a tree native from the tropical savanna (cerrado) region of Brazil, whose fruit is similar to (but smaller than) that of the common cashew tree (*Anacardium occidentale*) of the Brazilian Northeast. It is locally known by the Tupi-derived name cajuí, and by the Portuguese names caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado ("tree cashew of the cerrado"),[1] caju-vermelho-de-goiás ("red cashew from Goiás"),[2] cajuzinho-do-cerrado or just cajuzinho ("little cashew"). Anacardium othonianum Rizzini [The Plant List, KEW-2635918]
WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_othonianum
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4546
anacardium othonianum
caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado
cajuzinho
cajuzinho-do-cerrado
cajuí
little cashew
caju-docerrado plant
The rheas are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order *Rheiformes*, native to South America, related to the ostrich and emu. There are two extant species: the greater or American rhea and the lesser or Darwin's rhea.
WIKIPEDIA:Rhea_(bird)
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4556
pterocnemia pennata
rhea americana
rheidae
rhea
obsolete: greater rhea
true
obsolete: lesser rhea
true
Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the *Osteoglossoidei* and the *Notopteroidei*. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoglossiformes]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5386
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4559
bonytongues
osteoglossiformes
fish, osteoglossiform
The mooneyes are a family, the *Hiodontidae*, of ray-finned fish comprising two living and three extinct species in the genus *Hiodon*. They are large-eyed, fork-tailed fish that physically resemble shads. Their common name comes from the metallic gold or silver shine of their eyes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooneye]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/5386
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4560
hiodontidae
mooneye
mooneye family
obsolete: goldeye
true
obsolete: muskox
true
obsolete: narwhal
true
obsolete: harp seal
true
The fulmars are tubenosed seabirds of the family *Procellariidae*. The family consists of two extant species and two extinct fossils from the Miocene.</br>The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*) or just fulmar lives in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, whereas the southern fulmar, (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is, as its name implies, a bird of the Southern Ocean. Fulmars superficially resemble gulls, but are readily distinguished by their flight on stiff wings, and their tube noses. They breed on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge of bare rock. Outside the breeding season, they are pelagic, feeding on fish, squid and shrimp in the open ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Fulmar
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/19855
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4565
fulmarus spp.
fulmar
obsolete: northern fulmar
true
obsolete: southern fulmar
true
obsolete: black-headed gull
true
obsolete: lesser black-backed gull
true
obsolete: great black-backed gull
true
Balaenoptera, from the Latin *balaena* (whale) and *pteron* (fin), is a genus of *Balaenopteridae*, the rorquals, and contains eight extant species. The species *Balaenoptera omurai* was published in 2003. *Balaenoptera* is the most diverse genus of its family, the only other member being the Humpback Whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Balaenoptera
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/7660
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4571
balaenoptera spp.
baleen whale
finback whale
rorquals
minke whale
obsolete: northern minke whale
true
obsolete: antarctic minke whale
true
Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in saltwater, in other words marine gastropods. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4639
marine gastropod
sea slug
sea snail
*Passiflora*, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 500 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family *Passifloraceae*. They are mostly vines, with some being shrubs, and a few species being herbaceous. For information about the fruit of the passiflora plant, see *PASSION FRUIT*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38402
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4670
passiflora spp.
passionflower plant
*Syzygium* is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, *Myrtaceae*. The genus comprises about 1200-1800 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific. Several species of *Syzygium* bear fruit that are edible for humans, many of which are named "roseapple". Fifty-two species are found in Australia and are generally known as lillipillies, brush cherries or satinash. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2508658
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4677
brush cherry
lillipilli
satinash
syzygium spp.
syzygium plant
The *Cyperaceae* are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the Carex genus of "true sedges" with over 2,000 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperaceae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/8211
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4707
sedge plant
*Typha* is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family *Typhaceae*. These plants have many common names. They may be known in British English as bulrush, or reedmace, in American English as cattail, punks, or corn dog grass, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand as raupõ. The rhizomes are edible. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/66364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4729
bulrush
corn dog grass
cumbungi
punks
typha spp.
cattail plant
*Lepidium* is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, *Brassicaceae*. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. It includes familiar species such as garden cress, maca, and dittander. General common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/38044
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4739
lepidium spp.
peppercress
peppergrass
pepperwort
pepperweed plant
*Ipomoea* is the largest genus in the flowering plant family *Convolvulaceae*, with over 500 species. It is a large and diverse group with common names including morning glory, water convolvulus or kangkung, sweet potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipomoea]
http://langual.org
DPNL:10479
GRIN:300283
PLANTS:IPOMO
http://eol.org/pages/4431
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4741
Ipomoea
Ipomoea L.
Ipomoea spp.
birdweed
ipomoea spp.
kangkung
moonflower
sweet potato
water convolvulus
morning-glory family
*Vigna* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, with a pantropical distribution. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/28229
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4742
vigna spp.
cowpea family
*Chenopodium* is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/37754
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4745
chenopodium spp.
goosefoot family
*Equus* is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, asses, and zebras. Within Equidae, Equus is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses.
http://langual.org
MSW3:14100003
http://eol.org/pages/1670
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4849
Equus Linnaeus, 1758
equidae
equus
equine animal
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum *Vertebrata*. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; jellyfish, and worms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate]
Terrestrial invertebrates include ants, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and spiders. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_animal]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4899
insect
invertebrate, land
land snail
terrestrial invertebrate
The *Alosinae*, or the shads, are a subfamily of fishes in the herring family *Clupeidae*. The subfamily comprises seven genera worldwide, and about 30 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alosinae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/2777156
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4903
alosinae
shads
*Helicidae* is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including *Cornu aspersum* (formerly *Helix aspersa*) the brown or garden snail, and *Helix pomatia* the "escargot"
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicidae
http://langual.org
2019-04-29T21:42:27Z
http://eol.org/pages/57691
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4904
typical snail
helicidae
The *Solanaceae*, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many, including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell/chili peppers, and tobacco are widely used. The *Solanaceae* consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanaceae]
http://langual.org
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4934
nightshade family
solanaceae plant
The *Annonaceae* are a family, the custard apple family, of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the *Magnoliales*. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably *Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia*, and *Uvaria*. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonaceae]
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4972
annonaceae
custard apple family
*Canarium* is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family *Burseraceae*. The trees and their edible nuts have a large number of common names in their range. These include Pacific almond, canarium nut, pili nut, Java almond, Kenari nut, galip nut, nangai, and ngali. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium]
http://langual.org
GRIN:312271
PLANTS:CANAR2
http://eol.org/pages/4411
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5026
Canarium L.
Canarium spp.
canarium plant
*Echinacea* is a genus, or group of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. The *Echinacea* genus has nine species, which are commonly called coneflowers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9439
GRIN:318214
PLANTS:ECHIN
http://eol.org/pages/4206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5071
Echinacea
Echinacea Moench
Echinacea spp.
echinacea
purple coneflower plant
*Lycium* is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, *Solanaceae*.
Common names for the genus include box-thorn, desert-thorn, wolfberry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycium]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10981
GRIN:403991
PLANTS:LYCIU
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5103
Lycium
Lycium L.
Lycium spp.
lycium plant
*Solanum* is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include two food crops of high economic importance, the potato and the tomato. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit.
*Solanum* species show a wide range of growing habits, such as annual and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like *Lycopersicon* (the tomatoes) and *Cyphomandra* are now included in *Solanum* as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500-2,000 species.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13160
GRIN:300568
PLANTS:SOLAN
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5104
Solanum
Solanum L.
Solanum spp.
solanum plant
Anatomical part of the plant or animal from which a food product or its major ingredient is derived.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0116
part of organism
Bone, feathers, shell, skin or trim fat.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0122
nonmeat part of animal
Includes carcass meat, organ meat, and nonmeat parts of animals, as well as the whole animal.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0127
animal body or body part
part of animal
Anatomical part of an animal; includes eggs and milk that, although separated from the animal, are produced as integral parts and are affected by the animal's food intake and metabolism.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0164
part of animal
Food substance or component consisting predominantly of mixed glycerol esters of fatty acids and, in far lesser amounts, of fatty acids, sterols and pigments. A fat is a solid at room temperature, an oil is a liquid at room temperature (20 degrees C.). Excludes essential oils.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
2019-06-20T05:09:36Z
SUBSET_SIREN:F15008
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0190
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0221
oil or fat
subset_siren
fat or oil
A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0228
extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0238
bulb, root or tuber
tuber, bulb or root
root, tuber or bulb
A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*.
http://langual.org
SUBSET_SIREN:F5105
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=E0130
fluid
food (liquid)
food preservation process
food preservation process
biological_process
A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
biological_process
hemopoiesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
hemopoiesis
Insulin resistance
Increased resistance towards insulin, that is, diminished effectiveness of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels.
Insulin resistance
Abnormal circulating lipid concentration
Abnormal circulating lipid concentration
conditional specification
A directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived
OBI_0000349
conditional specification
measurement unit label
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was
proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and
Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for
which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition
of this, different, term.
2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
measurement unit label
objective specification
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Barry Smith
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
goal specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
OBI_0000217
objective specification
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
Alan Ruttenberg
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
datum label
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n
GROUP: IAO
9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.
datum label
journal article
Examples are articles published in the journals, Nature and Science. The content can often be cited by reference to a paper based encoding, e.g. Authors, Title of article, Journal name, date or year of publication, volume and page number.
A report that is published in a journal.
person:Alan Ruttenberg
person:Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000159
group:OBI
journal article
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some
information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is
meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some
process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might
defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith
JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
data
data item
symbol
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
PERSON: James A. Overton
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
based on Oxford English Dictionary
symbol
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907).
Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000142
information content entity
1
1
10 feet. 3 ml.
A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in
this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
scalar measurement datum
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
directive information entity
rule
example to be added
A rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions.
MSI
PRS
OBI_0500021
PRS
rule
algorithm
PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies.
A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI_0000270
adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg)
algorithm
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
PERSON:Bill Bug
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
OBI_0000266
curation status specification
report
Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article.
A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record).
2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on
something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things
that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about
something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include
(only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the
whole sentence is deleted.
2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so.
2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
GROUP: OBI
OBI_0000099
report
data set
Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
person:Allyson Lister
person:Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000042
group:OBI
data set
data about an ontology part
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
data about an ontology part
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
Alan Ruttenberg
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
OBI_0000344
2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review.
Action specification not well enough specified.
Conditional specification not well enough specified.
Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications.
Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
plan specification
measurement datum
Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
person:Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000305
group:OBI
measurement datum
version number
A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name.
Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version
GROUP: IAO
version number
conclusion textual entity
that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
A textual entity that expresses the results of reasoning about a problem, for instance as typically found towards the end of scientific papers.
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg: We need to work on the definition still
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
conclusion textual entity
textual entity
Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
text
textual entity
citation
Verspoor, K., Cohen, KB., Hunter, L. Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar, BMC Bioinformatics 2009, 10:183.
A textual entity intended to identify a particular publication.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
citation
document
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
document
publication
A journal article or book
A document that has been accepted by a publisher
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
publication
publication about an investigation
Most scientific journal articles
A publication that is about an investigation
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
scientific publication
publication about an investigation
supplementary material to a document
supplementary material to a document
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
time measurement datum
email address
Alan Ruttenberg 1/3/2012 - Provisional id, see issue at https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/130&thanks=130&ts=1325636583
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Chris Stoeckart
email address
author role
A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
author role
A planned process in which journal articles are read or processed and data items are extracted, typically for further analysis or indexing
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
data item extraction from journal article
Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database.
A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.
6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape
Bjoern Peters
wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting
documenting
A new pubmed ID being created for a journal article, and the associated pubmed record containing information to the journal article. A license plate number registered at the DMV to be belonging to a specific vehicle and owner. Placing a barcode on a product and entering information in a database that this barcode is assigned.
A planned process in which a new CRID is created, associated with an entity, and stored in the CRID registry thereby registering it as being associated with some entity
2014-05-05: It is the CRID registry that assigns CRIDs, not the users of the registry.
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Bjoern Peters
Person:Melanie Courtot
assigning a CRID
assigning a centrally registered identifier
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bill Hogan
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
CRID symbol
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier symbol
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs.
2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records').
Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation.
Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bill Hogan
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
CRID
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier
PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles.
A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bill Hogan
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
CRID registry
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier registry
ethical approval textual entity
ethical approval textual entity
informed consent form
informed consent form
signed informed consent form
signed informed consent form
contact person for questions about research
contact person for questions about research
kanadi kingfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:986
FAO ASFIS:KAK
ITIS:202048
http://eol.org/pages/206788
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3984
Kanadi kingfish
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir 1966
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966
scomberomorus plurilineatus
Scomberomorus plurilineatus
Sicyoeae
Benincaseae
atlantic mud shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1245
FAO ASFIS:SKM
ITIS:96005
http://eol.org/pages/347713
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3633
Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816)
Solenocera membranacea Risso, 1816
solenocera membranacea
Solenocera membranacea
muskrat
http://langual.org
ITIS:180318
MSW3:13000330
http://eol.org/pages/313678
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1527
muskrat
Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766
ondatra zibethicus
Ondatra zibethicus
queen scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1342
FAO ASFIS:QSC
ITIS:79627
http://eol.org/pages/448743
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2715
Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus 1758)
Chlamys opercularis
Chlamys opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
aequipecten opercularis
chlamys opercularis
Aequipecten opercularis
chilean strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9863
GRIN:246
ITIS:24625
PLANTS:FRCH
http://eol.org/pages/230224
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3338
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.
Fragaria chiloënsis (L.) Mill.
beach strawberry
chiloe strawberry
fragaria chiloensis
Fragaria chiloensis
virginia strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9866
GRIN:267
ITIS:24639
MANSFELD:8610
PLANTS:FRVI
http://eol.org/pages/234385
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2949
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Fragaria virginiana Mill.
fragaria virginiana
scarlet strawberry
wild strawberry
Fragaria virginiana
Digitaria exilis, referred to as findi or fundi in areas of Africa, such as The Gambia, with English common names white fonio, fonio millet, and hungry rice or acha rice, is a grass species.
fonio plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:14016
ITIS:40628
MANSFELD:35320
PLANTS:DIEX4
http://eol.org/pages/1114313
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2043
Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf
hungry rice
white fonio
Digitaria exilis
southeast pacific grunt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:698
FAO ASFIS:GRP
ITIS:630254
http://eol.org/pages/204763
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3946
Cabinza grunt
Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830)
Isacia conceptionis (Valenciennes, 1830)
isacia conceptionis
Isacia conceptionis
humantin
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:70
FAO ASFIS:OXY
ITIS:160690
http://eol.org/pages/223564
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4121
angular rough shark
angular roughshark
Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758)
angular rough shark
centrina shark
oxynotus centrina
prickly dogfish
Oxynotus centrina
The winter melon, also called ash gourd, white gourd, wax gourd, winter gourd, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, and Chinese preserving melon is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature. It is the only member of the genus *Benincasa*. The fruit is fuzzy when young. The immature melon has thick white flesh that is sweet when eaten. By maturity, the fruit loses its hairs and develops a waxy coating, giving rise to the name wax gourd, and providing a long shelf life.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_melon]
fuzzy melon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7970
GRIN:6746
ITIS:505894
PLANTS:BEHI3
http://eol.org/pages/484058
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2518
ash gourd
wax gourd
winter melon
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.
benincasa hispida var.
chinese vegetable marrow
hairy melon
mogwa
tallow gourd
waxgourd
winter melon
Benincasa hispida
Viruses
Viruses
Asteroideae
Heliantheae
Cardueae
curled octopus
http://langual.org
CEC:1416
FAO ASFIS:EOI
ITIS:82646
http://eol.org/pages/492409
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3681
curled octopus
horned octopus
Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798)
Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck 1798)
Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck, 1798)
eledone cirrhosa
eledone cirrosa
horned octopus
Eledone cirrhosa
isada krill
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:UFP
ITIS:95502
http://eol.org/pages/509419
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3582
North Pacific krill
Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911
euphausia pacifica
Euphausia pacifica
fox grape
muscadine
Vitis rotundifolia
Concord grape
Vitis labrusca
A large species of frog found in mainland Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal.
indian bullfrog
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FRT
ITIS:586353
http://eol.org/pages/331125
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3460
Asean bullfrog
Asia bullfrog
Asian bullfrog
Indus Valley bullfrog
Indus valley bullfrog
tiger frog
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802)
Rana tigrina Daudin 1802
Rana tigrina Daudin, 1802
asiatic bullfrog
hoplobatrachus
rana tigrina
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
japanese chestnut tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:9434
ITIS:506540
MANSFELD:17788
PLANTS:CACR27
http://eol.org/pages/1148515
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2417
Japanese chestnut
kuri
Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc.
Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.
castanea crenata
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *JAPANESE CHESTNUT [B2417]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Castanea crenata
northern wild rice plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:42269
ITIS:505807
PLANTS:ZIPA3
http://eol.org/pages/1115563
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4247
Zizania palustris L.
Zizania palustris
Mycteroperca
Lactuca sativa var. capitata
Doryteuthis
long-fin squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1406
FAO ASFIS:SQL
ITIS:82372
http://eol.org/pages/448839
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3683
longfin inshore squid
Loligo pealei Lesueur, 1821
Loligo pealeii
Loligo pealeii Lesueur 1821
Loligo pealeii Lesueur, 1821
loligo pealei
longfin inshore squid
Doryteuthis pealeii
arrow squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OJO
ITIS:82373
http://eol.org/pages/448891
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2683
Loligo plei
Loligo plei Blainville, 1823
loligo plei
slender inshore squid
Doryteuthis pleii
Cyperus esculentus (also called chufa sedge, nut grass, yellow nutsedge, tiger nut sedge, or earth almond) is a crop of the sedge family widespread across much of the world.
yellow nutsedge plant
http://langual.org
2019-11-22T16:43:57Z
DPNL 2003:9124
ITIS:39888
MANSFELD:20613
PLANTS:CYES
http://eol.org/pages/1121991
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2159
choufa plant
chufa plant
cyperus esculentus
earth almond plant
nutgrass plant
purple nutsedge plant
rush nut plant
tiger nut plant
tigernut plant
zulu nut plant
Cyperus esculentus L.
Cyperus esculentus
lemon sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1128
FAO ASFIS:LEM
ITIS:172888
http://eol.org/pages/208740
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2647
lemon sole
Microstomus kitt
Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792)
microstomus kitt
Microstomus kitt
Arcoidea
Solenoidea
chinese crabapple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11048
GRIN:23219
ITIS:25256
PLANTS:MABA
http://eol.org/pages/230643
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3344
malus baccata
shan jing zi
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.
malus baccata var. baccata
Malus baccata
Manchurian crabapple plant (Malus baccata) is an Asian species of apple native to much of northern Asia, but is also grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for rootstock. It is used for bonsai. It bears plentiful fragrant white flowers and edible red to yellow fruit of about 1 cm diameter.
manchurian crabapple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11051
GRIN:104672
ITIS:565975
PLANTS:MAMA37
http://eol.org/pages/2508061
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3345
Chinese crab apple plant
Manchurian crab apple plant
Siberian crab
Siberian crab apple plant
Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom.
Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom. ex Skvortsov
malus baccata var. mandshurica
malus mandshurica
Malus mandshurica
red bream
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:512
FAO ASFIS:BXD
ITIS:166155
http://eol.org/pages/211204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3829
alfonsino
Beryx decadactylus
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier, 1829
alfonsino
beryx decadactylus
Beryx decadactylus
silver scabbardfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:946
FAO ASFIS:SFS
ITIS:172391
http://eol.org/pages/216769
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2902
silver scabbardfish
Lepidopus caudatus
Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788)
lepidopus caudatus
Lepidopus caudatus
sharpnose skate
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:96
FAO ASFIS:RJK
ITIS:564141
http://eol.org/pages/218418
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4088
sailray
Dipturus linteus (Fries, 1838)
Raja lintea Fries, 1838
Raja lintea Fries, 1839
dipturus lintea
raja lintea
sailray
Dipturus linteus
Chaceon
big powan
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CIJ
ITIS:161969
http://eol.org/pages/206427
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4057
peled
Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789)
coregonus peled
Coregonus peled
red kingklip
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:918
FAO ASFIS:CUC
ITIS:165002
http://eol.org/pages/1004129
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1859
red cusk-eel
Genypterus chilensis
Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot 1848)
Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
genypterus chilensis
kingklip, red
red cusk-eel
Genypterus chilensis
Eriphiidae
Cupuaçu (*Theobroma grandiflorum*), also spelled cupuassu, cupuazú, and copoasu, is a tropical rainforest tree related to cacao. Common throughout the Amazon basin, it is widely cultivated in the jungles of Colombia, Bolivia and Peru and in the north of Brazil, with the largest production in Pará, followed by Amazonas, Rondônia and Acre.
cupuaçu plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cupuacu
http://langual.org
The white pulp of the cupuaçu is uniquely fragrant (described as a mix of chocolate and pineapple), and it contains theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) instead of the xanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) found in cacao.[1] It is frequently used in desserts, juices and sweets. The juice tastes primarily like a pear, with a hint of banana.
GRIN:101891
ITIS:506108
PLANTS:THGR7
http://eol.org/pages/482162
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4457
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum.
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Sprengel) Schumann
theobroma grandiflorum
Theobroma grandiflorum
*Chaerophyllum bulbosum* is a species of flowering plant from the carrot family and known by several common names, including turnip-rooted chervil, tuberous-rooted chervil, bulbous chervil, and parsnip chervil. It is native to Europe and Western Asia. It was a popular vegetable in the 19th century. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaerophyllum_bulbosum]
bulbous chervil plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8552
GRIN:10020
ITIS:29615
PLANTS:CHBU5
http://eol.org/pages/581716
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3440
Chaerophyllum bulbosum L.
chaerophyllum bulbosum
turnip-rooted chervil
Chaerophyllum bulbosum
Pachyrhizus
*Pachyrhizus erosus*, commonly known as Jícama, Yam, and Mexican Turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is one species in the genus Pachyrhizus. Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas.
jicama plant
WIKIPEDIA:Jicama
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11586
GRIN:26286
ITIS:26824
PLANTS:PAER3
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1738
jicama
potato-bean
yam-bean
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban
mexican yam bean
pachyrhizus erosus
yam bean
Pachyrhizus erosus
donkeys ear abalone
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LIY
ITIS:69507
http://eol.org/pages/462648
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3541
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758
haliotis asinina
Haliotis asinina
rock bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:592
FAO ASFIS:AKR
ITIS:168097
http://eol.org/pages/205064
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1362
Ambloplites rupestris
Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque, 1817)
ambloplites rupestris
Ambloplites rupestris
southern shortfin squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SQM
ITIS:82523
http://eol.org/pages/451353
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3695
Illex coindetii
Illex coindetii (Verany, 1839)
broadtail shortfin squid
illex coindetii
Illex coindetii
lesser flying squid
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TDQ
ITIS:205728
http://eol.org/pages/586269
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3703
Todaropsis eblanae (Ball 1841)
Todaropsis eblanae (Ball, 1841)
todaropsis eblanae
Todaropsis eblanae
chinese waterchestnut plant
http://langual.org
BASIS:126
GRIN:14976
ITIS:506699
MANSFELD:20690
http://eol.org/pages/1120264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1026
Chinese water-chestnut
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Hensch.
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch.
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trinius ex Henschel
Eleocharis dulcis (Burman f.) Trin. ex Henschel
chinese water chestnut
eleocharis dulcis
ground-chestnut
ma-tai water chestnut
matting reed
waternut
Eleocharis dulcis
green rock lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1250
FAO ASFIS:LOG
ITIS:552957
http://eol.org/pages/128857
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3606
Jasus verreauxi
Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851)
Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1851)
Jasus verreauxi (Milne Edwards, 1851)
jasus verreauxi
black persimmon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9318
GRIN:14280
ITIS:505968
PLANTS:DIDI15
http://eol.org/pages/483959
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3326
black persimmon
Diospyros digyna Jacq.
black sapote
diospyros digyna
Diospyros digyna
*Eragrostis tef*, known as Xaafii, (Oromiffa), teff, taf, is an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to the northern Ethiopian Highlands of Northeast Africa.
teff plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:15320
ITIS:40738
PLANTS:ERTE
http://eol.org/pages/1114367
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2475
tef
teff
Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter
eragrostis tef
Eragrostis tef
juan fernandez rock lobster
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1247
FAO ASFIS:LOF
ITIS:552952
http://eol.org/pages/317430
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3604
Jasus frontalis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
Jasus frontalis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
Jasus frontalis (Milne Edwards, 1837)
jasus frontalis
Jasus frontalis
st.paul rock lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:JSP
ITIS:552955
http://eol.org/pages/347038
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3608
Jasus paulensis
Jasus paulensis (Heller, 1862)
jasus paulensis
Jasus paulensis
tristan rock lobster
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1249
FAO ASFIS:LBT
ITIS:552956
http://eol.org/pages/343861
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3605
Jasus tristani Holthuis, 1963
jasus tristani
Jasus tristani
Polygonoideae
Rumiceae
shortbarbel pangasius
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGK
ITIS:681708
http://eol.org/pages/206980
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3688
shortbarbel pangasius
Pangasius micronemus
Pangasius micronemus Bleeker, 1847
pangasius micronemus
Pseudolais micronemus
kanda
http://langual.org
ITIS:170422
http://eol.org/pages/994427
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2305
kanda
Valamugil engeli (Bleeker, 1858-59)
mugil kandavensis
valamugil engeli
Moolgarda engeli
Penaeoidea
greenland halibut
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1135
FAO ASFIS:GHL
ITIS:172930
http://eol.org/pages/223542
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1589
Greenland flounder
Greenland halibut
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)
black halibut
greenland turbot
halibut, greenland
reinhardtius hippoglossoides
turbot, greenland
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
common ground dove
http://langual.org
ITIS:177152
http://eol.org/pages/914623
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3482
common ground-dove
Columbina passerina (Linnaeus, 1758)
columbina passerina
Columbina passerina
smooth-hound
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:52
FAO ASFIS:SMD
ITIS:160242
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3511
common smoothhound
smooth-hound
Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758)
mustelus mustelus
smooth hound
Mustelus mustelus
starry smooth-hound
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:51
FAO ASFIS:SDS
ITIS:160240
http://eol.org/pages/988269
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4104
starry smooth-hound
Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1821
mustelus asterias
stellate smooth-hound
Mustelus asterias
2020-11-16T16:45:31Z
domesticated barley
hordeum distichum
hordeum vulgare l. convar. distichon
two-rowed barley
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
Polyprionidae
Polyprion
wreckfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:577
FAO ASFIS:WRF
ITIS:167914
http://eol.org/pages/205261
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1432
wreckfish
Polyprion americanus
Polyprion americanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Polyprion americanus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
polyprion americanus
Polyprion americanus
Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
wolfberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10982
GRIN:22939
ITIS:503599
PLANTS:LYBA4
http://eol.org/pages/487010
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4197
Duke of Argyll's teatree
goji berry
matrimony vine
ning xia gou qi
wolfberry
Lycium barbarum L.
chinese boxthorn
common matrimonyvine
gojiberry
lycium barbarum
lycium halimifolium
Lycium barbarum
Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
chinese box thorn plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:10983
GRIN:22942
ITIS:30538
PLANTS:LYCH
http://eol.org/pages/581046
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3411
Chinese boxthorn
Chinese wolfberry
gou qi
kuko
Lycium chinense Mill.
Lycium chinense P. Mill.
chinese boxthorn
chinese desert-thorn
chinese wolfberry
lycium chinense
Lycium chinense
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8651
GRIN:10542
ITIS:501522
PLANTS:CIEN
http://eol.org/pages/488332
endive
escarole
Cichorium endivia L.
cichorium endivia
escarole
Cichorium endivia
*Scorzonera hispanica*, black salsify or Spanish salsify, also known as black oyster plant, serpent root, viper's herb, viper's grass or simply scorzonera, is a perennial member of the genus Scorzonera in the sunflower family (*Asteraceae*), cultivated as a root vegetable in the same way as purple salsify (*Tragopogon porrifolius*), also in the sunflower family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorzonera_hispanica]
Damion Dooley
black salsify plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12946
GRIN:33412
ITIS:505091
MANSFELD:32155
PLANTS:SCHI2
http://eol.org/pages/485033
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2962
black oysterplant
black salsify
common viper's-grass
scorzonera hispanica
spanish salsify
Scorzonera hispanica L.
Scorzonera hispanica
*Prunus spinosa* (blackthorn, or sloe) is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa. It is also locally naturalised in New Zealand and eastern North America.
The fruit is similar to a small damson or plum, suitable for preserves, but rather tart and astringent for eating, unless it is picked after the first few days of autumn frost. The juice is used in the manufacture of fake port wine, and used as an adulterant to impart roughness to genuine port. In rural Britain a liqueur is made by infusing gin with sloes and sugar. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_spinosa]
sloe plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12299
GRIN:30116
ITIS:24802
PLANTS:PRSP
http://eol.org/pages/632461
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3325
blackthorn
Prunus spinosa L.
blackthorn
prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa
west african goatfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:811
FAO ASFIS:GOA
ITIS:620958
http://eol.org/pages/206766
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3919
West African goatfish
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier 1829)
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier, 1829)
pseudupeneus prayensis
Pseudupeneus prayensis
brazilian codling
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:468
FAO ASFIS:HKU
ITIS:164738
http://eol.org/pages/210306
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3873
Brazilian codling
Urophycis brasiliensis
Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858)
brazilian hake
urophycis brasiliensis
Urophycis brasiliensis
Hyphaene thebaica, with common names doum palm and gingerbread tree, is a type of palm tree with edible oval fruit. It is native to the Nile valley in Egypt and Sudan, and in riverine areas of northwestern Kenya.
doum palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hyphaene_thebaica
http://langual.org
GRIN:19615
ITIS:506725
PLANTS:HYTH2
http://eol.org/pages/1142755
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2782
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) C. Martius
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart.
corypha thebaica
doom palm
egyptian doum
gingerbread palm
gingerbread tree
hyphaene dahomeensis
hyphaene guineensis
hyphaene thebaica
hyphaene togoensis
vegetable ivory palm
Hyphaene thebaica
Palinuroidea
*Vigna subterranea* (also known by its common names: Bambara nut, Boro (Yoruba), Bambara groundnut, Bambara-bean, Congo goober, earth pea, ground-bean, or hog-peanut) is a member of the family *Fabaceae*. The plant originated in West Africa. Vigna subterranea ripens its pods underground, much like the peanut (also called a groundnut). They can be eaten fresh or boiled after drying.[]
bambara groundnut plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13838
GRIN:105107
ITIS:506274
PLANTS:VISU7
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3418
Bambara groundnut
ground-bean
hog-peanut
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou.
bambara bean
bambara nut
bambara-bean
boro (yoruba)
congo goober
earth pea
ground-bean
hog-peanut
vigna subterranea
voandzeia subterranea
Vigna subterranea
southern quahog
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EKK
ITIS:81499
http://eol.org/pages/448968
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3635
southern quahog
Mercenaria campechiensis
Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791)
gulf quahog
hard clam
mercenaria campechiensis
Mercenaria campechiensis
Eubrachyura
Heterotremata
*Abelmoschus moschatus* (Abelmosk, Ambrette seeds, Annual hibiscus, Bamia Moschata, Galu Gasturi, Muskdana, Musk mallow, Musk okra, Musk seeds, Ornamental okra, Rose mallow seeds, Tropical jewel hibiscus, Yorka okra; syn. *Hibiscus abelmoschus* L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant in the *Malvaceae* family, which is native to India. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelmoschus_moschatus]
muskmallow plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7007
GRIN:623
ITIS:21772
PLANTS:ABMO
http://eol.org/pages/584456
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4284
gandapura
kasturi
musk okra
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.
abelmoschus moschatus
abelmosk
annual hibiscus
musk okra
Abelmoschus moschatus
california cockle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:80876
http://eol.org/pages/449114
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3649
Clinocardium californiense
Clinocardium californiense (Deshayes, 1839)
clinocardium californiense
Euteleostomi
bony vertebrates
bony vertebrates
Euteleostomi
Rosoideae incertae sedis
stalk celery plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102051
ITIS:182185
MANSFELD:1236
PLANTS:APGRD
http://eol.org/pages/1245043
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3729
celery
stalk celery
Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) DC.
Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Apium graveolens var. dulce (P. Mill.) DC.
apium graveolens var. dulce
Apium graveolens Dulce Group
*Aloe ferox*, also known as Cape Aloe, Bitter Aloe, Red Aloe and Tap Aloe, is a species of aloe indigenous to South Africa's Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Lesotho.
cape aloe plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cape_Aloe
http://langual.org
GRIN:2541
ITIS:505880
PLANTS:ALFE2
http://eol.org/pages/1085297
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4169
Aloe ferox Mill.
Aloe ferox Miller
aloe ferox
Aloe ferox
Dipturus
Leucoraja
rays
Batoidea
*Vanilla pompona* is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Mexico and northern South America, and is one of the sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_pompona]
west indian vanilla plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:41112
ITIS:505646
PLANTS:VAPO2
http://eol.org/pages/1127944
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5043
Vanilla pompona Schiede
vanilla pompona
Vanilla pompona
Palaemon
Squalomorphii
pike-conger
http://langual.org
ITIS:636199
http://eol.org/pages/204362
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2534
common pike conger
Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822)
muraenesox bagio
Muraenesox bagio
Galeoidea
sharks
Selachii
*Cinnamomum cassia*, called Chinese cassia or Chinese cinnamon, is an evergreen tree originating in southern China, and widely cultivated there and elsewhere in southern and eastern Asia. It is one of several species of *Cinnamomum* used primarily for their aromatic bark, which is used as a spice. In the United States, Chinese cassia is the most common type of cinnamon used. The buds are also used as a spice, especially in India, and were once used by the ancient Romans. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia]
chinese cinnamon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8666
GRIN:70182
ITIS:834866
MANSFELD:15074
PLANTS:CIAR8
http://eol.org/pages/483593
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1572
Chinese cinnamon
cassia-bark
chinese cinnamon
Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees
Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don
cassia, chinese
cinnamomum aromaticum
cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum aromaticum
Batavia cinnamon
Cinnamomum burmannii
The black-headed gull (*Chroicocephalus ridibundus*) is a small gull which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.
black-headed gull
WIKIPEDIA:Black-headed_gull
http://langual.org
ITIS:824041
http://eol.org/pages/1049595
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4568
Lachmoewe
black-headed gull
Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
chroicocephalus ridibundus
common black-headed gull
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
sheepshead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:755
FAO ASFIS:SPH
FDA RFE 2010:3
ITIS:169189
http://eol.org/pages/213714
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1422
sheepshead seabream
Archosargus probatocephalus
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792)
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum, 1792)
archosargus probatocephalus
Archosargus probatocephalus
Eugenia
A plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to tropical South America’s east coast, ranging from Suriname, French Guiana to southern Brazil, as well as parts of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. The plant is relatively pest resistant, easy to grow and high in antioxidants.
surinam cherry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9653
GRIN:16210
ITIS:27224
MANSFELD:12194
PLANTS:EUUN2
http://eol.org/pages/2508562
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1657
Brazil-cherry
Surinam-cherry
brazil cherry plant
cayenne cherry plant
eugenia michelii
eugenia uniflora
nagapiry
pitanga
pitanga plant
ñangapirí
Eugenia uniflora L.
Eugenia uniflora
Psidium
guava
Psidium guajava
yellowbelly flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:172954
http://eol.org/pages/219431
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2675
yellowbelly flounder
Rhombosolea leporina
Rhombosolea leporina Günther, 1862
rhombosolea leporina
Rhombosolea leporina
sand flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1136
FAO ASFIS:RMP
ITIS:172953
http://eol.org/pages/1012814
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2674
New Zealand flounder
sand flounder
Rhombosolea plebeia
Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson, 1843)
rhombosolea plebeia
Rhombosolea plebeia
pod razor
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1391
FAO ASFIS:EQE
ITIS:81024
http://eol.org/pages/448704
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3638
Ensis ensis
Ensis ensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ensis ensis Linnaeus, 1758
ensis ensis
Ensis ensis
A common vegetable in the cuisines of southern Italy (in particular Basilicata, Puglia, and Sicily), Galicia (northwestern Spain), Portugal, the Netherlands and China. The plant is a member of the tribe *Brassiceae* of the *Brassicaceae* (mustard family).
ruvo kale plant
WIKIPEDIA:Brassica_ruvo
http://langual.org
Rapini is classified scientifically as *Brassica rapa* subspecies *rapa*, in the same subspecies as the turnip, but has also been treated as *Brassica rapa ruvo*, *Brassica rapa rapifera*, *Brassica ruvo*, and *Brassica campestris ruvo*.
DPNL 2003:8126
GRIN:100916
ITIS:506216
PLANTS:BRRU4
http://eol.org/pages/483604
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3720
brassica raab
brassica rabe
brassica ruvo
broccoletti
broccoletto
broccoli di rape
broccoli raab
friarielli
italian turnip broccoli
nabana
rapini
rapini
rappi
ruvo kale
saishin
Brassica ruvo L. H. Bailey
Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey
Brassica ruvo L.H.Bailey
rape
Brassica rapa Broccoletto Group
duckbill flathead
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BMQ
ITIS:170997
http://eol.org/pages/211203
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2531
duckbill flathead
longnose duckbill
Bembrops anatirostris Ginsburg, 1955
bembrops anatirostris
Bembrops anatirostris
goby flathead
http://langual.org
ITIS:170998
http://eol.org/pages/218751
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2532
goby duckbill
goby flathead
Bembrops gobioides (Goode, 1880)
bembrops gobioides
Bembrops gobioides
mossy ark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RKM
ITIS:79370
http://eol.org/pages/452058
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3549
mossy ark
Arca imbricata
Arca imbricata Bruguiere, 1789
arca imbricata
Arca imbricata
Pelophylax
Rana
Rana <subgenus>
royal red shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1244
FAO ASFIS:RRS
ITIS:95966
http://eol.org/pages/317682
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3632
Pleoticus robustus
Pleoticus robustus (S. I. Smith, 1885)
Pleoticus robustus (Smith, 1885)
pleoticus robustus
Pleoticus robustus
common guitarfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:76
FAO ASFIS:RBX
ITIS:160819
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4129
https://eol.org/pages/46560660
common guitarfish
violinfish
Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linnaeus, 1758)
rhinobatos rhinobatos
Rhinobatos rhinobatos
japanese millet plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:317845
ITIS:506954
PLANTS:ECES
http://eol.org/pages/1115636
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4320
Japanese barnyard millet
Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz
barnyard millet
echinochloa esculenta
LanguaL curation note: *JAPANESE MILLET* may refer to Echinochloa esculenta or Echinochloa frumentacea according to ITIS.
Echinochloa esculenta
*Prunus americana*, commonly called the American plum, wild plum, or Marshall's large yellow sweet plum, is a species of *Prunus* native to North America from Saskatchewan to New Mexico east to New Hampshire and Florida.
american plum plant
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_americana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12260
GRIN:29831
ITIS:24763
PLANTS:PRAM
http://eol.org/pages/301085
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2670
American red plum
goose plum
Prunus americana Marsh.
Prunus americana Marshall
august plum
goose plum
hog plum (prunus)
prunus americana
wild plum
yellow plum
Prunus americana
*Prunus angustifolia*, known commonly as Chickasaw plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a North American species of plum-bearing tree. It was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. While *Prunus* is the classical name for European plums, *angustifolia* refers to its narrow leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_angustifolia]
chickasaw plum plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:24768
PLANTS:PRAN3
PLANTS:PRANA
PLANTS:PRANW
http://eol.org/pages/231184
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2743
Chickasaw plum
Prunus angustifolia Marsh.
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. watsonii (Sarg.) Waugh
prunus angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia
brazil cherry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:16148
ITIS:506183
PLANTS:EUBR7
http://eol.org/pages/2508574
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4237
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.
eugenia brasiliensis
Eugenia brasiliensis
Eurypterygia
Acanthomorphata
Euacanthomorphacea
bigtooth rock crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KKM
ITIS:98684
http://eol.org/pages/313334
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3562
Cancer amphioetus M. J. Rathbun, 1898
Cancer amphioetus Rathbun 1898
cancer amphioetus
japanese rock crab
Glebocarcinus amphioetus
Chinese star-anise
Illicium verum
A species of squat lobster from the eastern Pacific Ocean.
pelagic red crab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuroncodes_planipes
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LQL
ITIS:98056
http://eol.org/pages/1021195
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3615
langostilla
red crab
tuna crab
Pleuroncodes planipes
Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson, 1860
pelagic crab
pleuroncodes planipes
Pleuroncodes planipes
neem plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7887
GRIN:6161
ITIS:29012
PLANTS:AZIN2
http://eol.org/pages/581909
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2444
Indian-lilac
margosa
neem
neem tree
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Azadirachta indica A.Juss.
Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.
azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
northern sand lance
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:922
ITIS:171674
http://eol.org/pages/206900
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4006
northern sand lance
Ammodytes dubius
Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1837
Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1838
ammodytes dubius
Ammodytes dubius
northern kingfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:726
FAO ASFIS:KGF
ITIS:169276
http://eol.org/pages/994840
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3903
northern kingfish
Menticirrhus saxatilis
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
menticirrhus saxatilis
Menticirrhus saxatilis
muskellunge
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:162144
http://eol.org/pages/223145
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1165
muskellunge
Esox masquinongy
Esox masquinongy Mitchill, 1824
esox masquinongy
Esox masquinongy
cape gooseberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11898
GRIN:102390
ITIS:30606
MANSFELD:5607
PLANTS:PHPE4
http://eol.org/pages/581074
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1684
Cape-gooseberry
goldenberry
gooseberry-tomato
Physalis peruviana L.
groundcherry, peruvian
physalis peruviana
poha
Physalis peruviana
speckled flounder
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YSW
ITIS:616427
http://eol.org/pages/223364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2385
dappled flounder
speckled flounder
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan and Williams in Gilbert, 1897
paralichthys woolmani
Paralichthys woolmani
cunene horse mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:667
FAO ASFIS:HMZ
ITIS:168595
http://eol.org/pages/224922
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3955
Cunene horse mackerel
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1949
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950
trachurus trecae
Trachurus trecae
A tropical tree species of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) that produces edible fruit.
longan tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9307
GRIN:14131
ITIS:506072
PLANTS:DILO7
http://eol.org/pages/590822
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1628
dimocarpus longan
dragon eyes
euphorbia longan
longan
longan
lungan
nephelium longanum
Dimocarpus longan Lour.
Dimocarpus longan
*Cinnamomum verum*, called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family *Lauraceae*, native to Sri Lanka. Among other species, its inner bark is used to make cinnamon. The old botanical synonym for the tree-*Cinnamomum zeylanicum*-is derived from Sri Lanka's former name, Ceylon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_verum]
true cinnamon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8668
GRIN:70183
ITIS:501529
MANSFELD:15093
PLANTS:CIVE2
http://eol.org/pages/490672
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4977
Ceylon cinnamon
ceylon cinnamon
cinnamomum verum
cinnamomum zeylanicum
cinnamon
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
Cinnamomum verum
naked sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GHM
ITIS:172991
http://eol.org/pages/207495
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2288
North American naked sole
naked sole
zebra sole
Gymnachirus melas
Gymnachirus melas Nichols, 1916
gymnachirus melas
Gymnachirus melas
golden goatfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:807
ITIS:169417
http://eol.org/pages/207914
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3917
red goatfish
Mullus auratus
Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882
mullus auratus
Mullus auratus
garfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:409
FAO ASFIS:GAR
ITIS:165594
ITIS:645292
ITIS:645293
ITIS:645294
http://eol.org/pages/212567
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3351
garpike
Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
Belone belone acus Risso, 1827
Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866
belone belone
belone belone belone
garpike
Belone belone
pacific saury
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:414
FAO ASFIS:SAP
ITIS:165609
http://eol.org/pages/215392
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1890
Pacific saury
Cololabis saira
Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856)
cololabis saira
mackerel pike
saury, pacific
skipper (pacific saury)
Cololabis saira
atlantic saury
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:416
FAO ASFIS:SAU
ITIS:165612
ITIS:645285
http://eol.org/pages/993264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1889
Atlantic saury
Scomberesox saurus
Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Scomberesox saurus scombroides Richardson, 1843
saury, atlantic
scomberesox saurus
skipper (atlantic saury)
Scomberesox saurus
california needlefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SXY
ITIS:165555
http://eol.org/pages/211686
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1417
Californian needlefish
Strongylura exilis
Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854)
Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854)
needlefish, california
strongylura exilis
Strongylura exilis
needlefish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:411
FAO ASFIS:NFA
ITIS:165551
http://eol.org/pages/204101
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1411
Atlantic needlefish
Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792)
atlantic needlefish
strongylura marina
Strongylura marina
Cenchrinae
alligators and others
Crocodylia
*Asimina triloba*, the papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, paw-paw, or common pawpaw, is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and Canada, producing a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit. It belongs to the genus *Asimina* in the same plant family (the *Annonaceae*) as the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang and soursop.
Pawpaw fruits have a sweet, custardish flavor somewhat similar to banana, mango, and cantaloupe, and are commonly eaten raw, but are also used to make ice cream and baked desserts.
The fruit of the pawpaw is a large, yellowish-green to brown berry, 2-6 in (5-16 cm) long and 1-3 in (3-7 cm) broad, weighing from 0.7-18 oz (20-500 g), containing several brown/black seeds 1/2 to 1 in (15-25 mm) in diameter embedded in the soft, edible fruit pulp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimina_triloba]
pawpaw plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7770
GRIN:4485
ITIS:18117
PLANTS:ASTR
http://eol.org/pages/1054816
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1202
pawpaw
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
asimina triloba
dog banana
indian banana
Asimina triloba
japanese littleneck clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:81477
http://eol.org/pages/395921
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2354
Japanese littleneck
Manila clam
Venerupis philippinarum
Venerupis philippinarum (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850)
asari
manila clam
tapes japonica
tapes philippinarum
venerupis philippinarum
Ruditapes philippinarum
western pacific gizzard shad
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NCO
ITIS:161803
http://eol.org/pages/213499
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3861
Western Pacific gizzard shad
Nematalosa come (Richardson, 1846)
nematalosa come
Nematalosa come
Cynoscion
spotted seatrout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:716
FAO ASFIS:SWF
ITIS:169239
http://eol.org/pages/357152
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1615
speckled trout
spotted seatrout
spotted weakfish
Cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier 1830)
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1838)
cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion nebulosus
*Allium chinense* (also known as Chinese onion, Chinese scallion, glittering chive, Japanese scallion, Kiangsi scallion, and Oriental onion) is an edible species of *Allium*, native to China and Korea, and cultivated in many other countries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_chinense]
chinese onion plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:101417
ITIS:506482
PLANTS:ALCH5
http://eol.org/pages/1084367
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3417
Allium chinense Don.
Allium chinense G. Don
allium bakeri
allium chinense
chinese scallion
rakkyo
Allium chinense
Atripliceae
Chenopodioideae
Salsoleae
silver carp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:329
FAO ASFIS:SVC
ITIS:163691
http://eol.org/pages/220327
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2254
silver carp
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)
amur carp
carp, silver
hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Lepomis
bluegill
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LMM
ITIS:168141
http://eol.org/pages/207661
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2079
bluegill
bluegill sunfish
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819
lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus
Piper
sand goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1048
ITIS:171978
http://eol.org/pages/994642
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3931
sand goby
Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770)
pomatoschistus minutus
Pomatoschistus minutus
Archelosauria
chokecherry
Prunus virginiana
wahoo
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:950
FAO ASFIS:WAH
ITIS:172451
http://eol.org/pages/211408
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1630
wahoo
Acanthocybium solandri
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
acanthocybium solandri
Acanthocybium solandri
Annona
Soursop is the fruit of Annona muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree.
Damion Dooley
soursop plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soursop
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Annona_muricata_1.jpg/360px-Annona_muricata_1.jpg
DPNL 2003:7538
GRIN:3492
ITIS:18098
MANSFELD:28746
PLANTS:ANMU2
http://eol.org/pages/1054863
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1480
guanabana
prickly custard apple
soursop
Annona muricata L.
annona
annona muricata
prickly custard apple
Annona muricata
Auxis
frigate tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:953
FAO ASFIS:FRI
ITIS:172456
ITIS:613019
ITIS:613020
http://eol.org/pages/215170
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1787
frigate tuna
Auxis thazard
Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800)
Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette and Aadland, 1996
Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
auxis thazard
tuna, frigate
Auxis thazard
Borage, (*Borago officinalis*), also known as a starflower, is an annual herb originating in Syria,[1] but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as Asia Minor, Europe, North Africa, and South America. Traditionally borage was cultivated for culinary and medicinal uses, although today commercial cultivation is mainly as an oilseed. Borage is used as either a fresh vegetable or a dried herb.
borage plant
WIKIPEDIA:Borago_officinalis
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8062
GRIN:7422
ITIS:31727
MANSFELD:25390
PLANTS:BOOF
http://eol.org/pages/580765
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1735
Borago officinalis L.
borago officinalis
Borago officinalis
atlantic seabob
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1218
FAO ASFIS:BOB
ITIS:95750
http://eol.org/pages/317672
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2320
sea bob shrimp
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (C. Heller, 1862)
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862)
seabob
xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Penaeus
great white shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:18
FAO ASFIS:WSH
ITIS:159903
http://eol.org/pages/213726
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3525
great white shark
white shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)
carcharodon carcharias
maneater
Carcharodon carcharias
Cichorium
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8653
GRIN:10543
ITIS:36763
MANSFELD:31958
PLANTS:CIIN
http://eol.org/pages/467862
chicory
radicchio
succory
witloof
Cichorium intybus L.
cichorium intybus
cichorium intybus ssp. intybus
Cichorium intybus
Cinnamomum
rock shell snail
http://langual.org
ITIS:568327
http://eol.org/pages/491110
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2322
Florida rocksnail
oyster drill
Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758)
florida rocksnail
stramonita haemastoma
thaididae
Stramonita haemastoma
*Corylus cornuta* Marsh. is a deciduous shrubby hazel found in most of North America, from southern Canada south to Georgia and California. *Corylus cornuta* is named from its fruit, which is a nut enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension 2-4 cm (0.79-1.6 in) long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts, which are surrounded by a hard shell, are edible. There are two varieties: *Corylus cornuta* var. *cornuta* - Eastern Beaked Hazel; small shrub, 4 to 6 m tall; 'beak' longer, 3 cm or more. *Corylus cornuta* var. *californica* - Western Beaked Hazel or California Hazelnut; large shrub, 4 to 15 m tall; 'beak' shorter, usually less than 3 cm.
beaked hazel plant
WIKIPEDIA:Corylus_cornuta
http://langual.org
ITIS:19507
PLANTS:COCO6
PLANTS:COCOC
PLANTS:COCOC2
http://eol.org/pages/1147594
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4506
beaked hazelnut
corylus cornuta
western hazel
Corylus cornuta Marsh.
Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp
Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. cornuta
Corylus cornuta
Alepocephalus
baird's smmoth-head
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:221
FAO ASFIS:ALC
ITIS:162315
http://eol.org/pages/224139
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3898
Baird's smooth-head
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode & Bean, 1879
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode and Bean, 1879
alepocephalus bairdii
Alepocephalus bairdii
Diospyros
Damion Dooley
american persimmon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9321
GRIN:14329
ITIS:23855
PLANTS:DIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/595775
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3329
American persimmon
common persimmon
diospyros virginiana
eastern persimmon
possum apple
Diospyros virginiana L.
Diospyros virginiana
pacific geoduck
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GEC
ITIS:81779
http://eol.org/pages/440073
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2538
Pacific geoduck
Panopea abrupta
Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849)
clam, pacific geoduck
panopea abrupta
Panopea abrupta
Congrinae
gooseberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12580
GRIN:31874
ITIS:504800
MANSFELD:17095
PLANTS:RIUV80
PLANTS:RIUVS
http://eol.org/pages/489744
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1394
English gooseberry
Ribes uva-crispa L.
Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC.
ribes uva-crispa
Ribes uva-crispa
sailfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1006
FAO ASFIS:SFA
ITIS:172488
http://eol.org/pages/228441
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1521
Indo-Pacific sailfish
Istiophorus platypterus
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder, 1792)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792)
istiophorus platypterus
Istiophorus platypterus
murray cod
WIKIPEDIA:Murray_cod)
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MCP
ITIS:641894
http://eol.org/pages/357118
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3369
Murray cod
Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell 1839)
Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell, 1838)
goodoo
greenfish
maccullochella peeli
Maccullochella peelii
golden perch
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MCA
ITIS:641895
http://eol.org/pages/211386
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3501
golden perch
Macquaria ambigua (Richardson, 1845)
macquaria ambigua
Macquaria ambigua
The King George whiting, *Sillaginodes punctatus* (also known as the spotted whiting or spotted sillago), is a coastal marine fish of the smelt-whitings family *Sillaginidae*. The King George whiting is endemic to Australia, inhabiting the south coast of the country from Jurien Bay, Western Australia to Botany Bay, New South Wales in the east. The King George whiting is the only member of the genus *Sillaginodes* and the largest member of the smelt-whiting family *Sillaginidae*, growing to a length of 72 cm and 4.8 kg in weight. The species is readily distinguishable from other Australian whitings by its unique pattern of spots, as well as its highly elongate shape. King George whiting are often found in bays and protected waterways over sand and seagrass beds, also venturing out onto deep continental shelf reefs during adulthood. The species is a benthic carnivore, consuming a variety of crustaceans, polychaete worms, molluscs and fish. The King George whiting forms the basis of one of southern Australia's most important commercial fisheries, reportedly worth over five million Australian dollars per year. The species is also heavily targeted by recreational anglers, who value the whiting for its sporting and eating qualities.
king george whiting
WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginodes_punctatus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:330001
FAO ASFIS:SIV
ITIS:551124
http://eol.org/pages/214420
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4312
Australian whiting
King George whiting
South Australian whiting
spotted sillago
spotted whiting
Sillaginodes punctata (Cuvier, 1829)
Sillaginodes punctata Cuvier, 1829
Sillaginodes punctatus
Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
australian whiting
sillaginodes punctatus
south australian whiting
spotted sillago
spotted whiting
Sillaginodes punctatus
escolar
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LEC
FDA RFE 2010:27
ITIS:172362
http://eol.org/pages/212279
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1821
escolar
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)
lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Scomber
The chub mackerel, Pacific mackerel, or Pacific chub mackerel (*Scomber japonicus*) is a species of fish in the family *Scombridae*, the tuna and mackerel family. This species of mackerel closely resembles the Atlantic chub mackerel. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chub_mackerel]
chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:972
FAO ASFIS:MAS
FDA RFE 2010:61
ITIS:172412
http://eol.org/pages/206784
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1570
Spanish mackerel
chub mackerel
chub mackerel
Scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782
pacific mackerel
scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus
atlantic mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:973
FAO ASFIS:MAC
ITIS:172414
http://eol.org/pages/206785
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1790
Atlantic mackerel
Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
mackerel, atlantic
scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus
Scomberomorus
king mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:976
FAO ASFIS:KGM
ITIS:172435
http://eol.org/pages/205100
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1516
king mackerel
Scomberomorus cavalla
Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)
scomberomorus cavalla
Scomberomorus cavalla
tibetian rhubarb plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12482
GRIN:31117
ITIS:506563
PLANTS:RHOF
http://eol.org/pages/489444
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4230
yao yong da huang
Rheum officinale Baill.
Rheum officinale Baillon
rheum officinale
Rheum officinale
chinese rhubarb plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12483
GRIN:31118
ITIS:506564
PLANTS:RHPA7
http://eol.org/pages/489443
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4229
Rheum palmatum L.
rheum palmatum
Rheum palmatum
atlantic cutlassfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:949
FAO ASFIS:LHT
FDA RFE 2010:91
ITIS:172385
http://eol.org/pages/219637
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2861
Atlantic cutlassfish
largehead hairtail
Trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758
trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus
Vaccinium
Damion Dooley
american cranberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13738
GRIN:41030
ITIS:23599
MANSFELD:18280
PLANTS:VAMA
http://eol.org/pages/583674
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1508
American cranberry
american cranberry
large cranberry
large cranberry
oxycoccus macrocarpos
vaccinium macrocarpon
Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.
Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton
Vaccinium macrocarpon
The coconut palm, *Cocos nucifera*, is a member of the family *Arecaceae* (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus *Cocos*. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut, but a drupe. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word.
coconut palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cocos_nucifera
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8763
GRIN:11043
ITIS:42451
MANSFELD:10983
PLANTS:CONU
http://eol.org/pages/1091712
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1536
coconut palm
Cocos nucifera L.
coconut
cocos nucifera
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the coconut palm fruit (drupe, seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Cocos nucifera
fleshy prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1203
FAO ASFIS:FLP
ITIS:551578
http://eol.org/pages/344332
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3627
fleshy prawn
Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
fenneropenaeus chinensis
penaeus chinensis
Penaeus chinensis
morello cherry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12268
GRIN:29866
ITIS:24773
MANSFELD:9212
PLANTS:PRCE
http://eol.org/pages/242597
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2506
pie cherry
sour cherry
Cerasus vulgaris Austera Group
Prunus cerasus L.
sour cherry
Prunus cerasus
lowfin pomfret
http://langual.org
ITIS:170292
http://eol.org/pages/356302
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3998
lesser bream
Brama dussumieri Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831
brama dussumieri
Brama dussumieri
caranda plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:9159
ITIS:30164
PLANTS:CACA74
http://eol.org/pages/581122
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3388
Carissa carandas L.
carissa carandas
karanda
Carissa carandas
southern flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YSH
ITIS:172738
http://eol.org/pages/206758
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1881
southern flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan and Gilbert, 1884
flounder, southern
paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys lethostigma
Bombay ducks
Harpadontinae
Saurida
brushtooth lizardfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:385
FAO ASFIS:LIB
ITIS:162417
http://eol.org/pages/993261
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3827
brushtooth lizardfish
Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848)
large-scale lizardfish
saurida undosquamis
Saurida undosquamis
Monacanthidae
Boreoeutheria
Acrogymnospermae
Mesangiospermae
Petrosaviidae
Pentapetalae
spiny eel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NNN
ITIS:161690
http://eol.org/pages/207980
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2527
largescale tapirfish
spiny eel
Notacanthus chemnitzii
Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch, 1788
notacanthus chemnitzi
Notacanthus chemnitzii
rough redeye crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EHH
ITIS:660607
http://eol.org/pages/341460
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2217
Eriphia smithii MacLaey, 1838
Eriphia smithii MacLeay, 1838
eriphia smithii
orange-hand stone crab
Eriphia smithii
Helix aperta, commonly known as the green garden snail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
green garden snail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_aperta
http://langual.org
ITIS:77905
http://eol.org/pages/449904
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3661
green garden snail
Helix aperta Born, 1778
helix aperta
Cantareus apertus
*Attalea speciosa* (babassu, babassu palm, babaçu, cusi) is a palm native to the Amazon Rainforest region in South America. This plant has commercial value because its seeds produce an edible oil called babassu oil, which is also used in cleaners and skin care products. The fruit is used to produce products such as medicines, beauty aids, and beverages. Traditional communities of the Maranhão region also produce a flour from the fruit and this is commercialized as a nutritional supplement. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attalea_speciosa]
babassu palm plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7866
GRIN:6067
ITIS:509373
PLANTS:ORBA5
http://eol.org/pages/1131651
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1707
motacu
motacuchi
Attalea speciosa Mart.
Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.
Orbignya barbosiana Burret
babacu
orbignya barbosiana
orbignya speciosa
Attalea speciosa
freckled pike-conger
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:636218
http://eol.org/pages/221427
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2536
freckled pike-conger
Hoplunnis macrura
Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951
hoplunnis macrura
Hoplunnis macrura
Selar
mackerel scad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:633
FAO ASFIS:MSD
ITIS:168724
http://eol.org/pages/203982
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3962
mackerel scad
Decapterus macarellus
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)
decapterus macarellus
Decapterus macarellus
indian scad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:636
FAO ASFIS:RUS
ITIS:168730
http://eol.org/pages/211717
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3964
Indian scad
Decapterus russelli
Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830)
decapterus russelli
Decapterus russelli
bigeye scad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BIS
ITIS:168677
http://eol.org/pages/215191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2660
big-eyed scad
bigeye scad
Selar crumenophthalmus
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)
akule
selar crumenophthalmus
Selar crumenophthalmus
raitt's sandeel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:924
ITIS:171677
http://eol.org/pages/224136
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4008
lesser sand-eel
Ammodytes marinus Raitt, 1934
ammodytes marinus
Ammodytes marinus
chinese persimmon plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:407718
ITIS:502078
PLANTS:DISI3
http://eol.org/pages/489615
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4358
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Standl.
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urban) Standl.
diospyros sintenisii
Diospyros sintenisii
dana swimming crab
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1280
FAO ASFIS:CRZ
ITIS:98698
http://eol.org/pages/313352
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3571
Dana swimming crab
blue swimming crab
Callinectes danae (Smith, 1869)
Callinectes danae S. I. Smith, 1869
Callinectes danae Smith, 1869
callinectes danae
dana swimcrab
Callinectes danae
Bambusoideae
Pooideae
Panicoideae
PACMAD clade
Chloridoideae
Oryzeae
Triticeae
Paniceae
Andropogoneae
smallmouth bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:594
FAO ASFIS:MPJ
ITIS:550562
http://eol.org/pages/207898
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2427
smallmouth bass
smallmouth blackbass
Micropterus dolomieu
Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802
Micropterus dolomieui Lacepède, 1802
Micropterus dolomieui Lacépède, 1801
micropterus dolomieui
Micropterus dolomieu
Trichodontidae
sailfin sandfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:854
FAO ASFIS:JAS
ITIS:170916
http://eol.org/pages/213715
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2568
sailfin sandfish
Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner, 1881)
arctoscopus japonicus
Arctoscopus japonicus
Osteoglossocephalai
Euteleosteomorpha
Clupeoidei
Siluroidei
Aulopoidei
Zeiogadaria
Gadoidei
Berycimorphaceae
Percomorphaceae
tunas and others
Scombriformes
gouramies and others
Anabantiformes
Carangaria
Carangaria incertae sedis
billfishes and barracudas
Istiophoriformes
jacks and others
Carangiformes
Ovalentaria
Atherinomorphae
Eupercaria
Eupercaria incertae sedis
stargazers and others
Uranoscopiformes
wrasses
Labriformes
Terapontoidei
Pempheriformes
sunfishes and others
Centrarchiformes
Cottales
australian spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1257
FAO ASFIS:LOA
ITIS:552970
http://eol.org/pages/128255
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3614
western rock lobster
Panulirus cygnus
Panulirus cygnus George, 1962
panulirus cygnus
Panulirus cygnus
scalloped spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1258
FAO ASFIS:LOK
ITIS:552973
http://eol.org/pages/343655
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2204
Indian spiny lobster
Panulirus homarus
Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
panulirus burgeri
panulirus homarus
trasnkei spiny lobster
Panulirus homarus
ornate spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUR
ITIS:552977
http://eol.org/pages/1022067
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2165
Panulirus ornatus
Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798)
panulirus ornatus
Panulirus ornatus
pronghorn spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUP
ITIS:199949
http://eol.org/pages/1020641
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2202
Panulirus penicillatus
Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
panulirus penicillatus
red lobster
variegated crayfish
Panulirus penicillatus
royal spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1260
FAO ASFIS:LOY
ITIS:552980
http://eol.org/pages/311324
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2208
Panulirus regius
Panulirus regius De Brito Capello, 1864
Panulirus regius de Brito Capello, 1864
panulirus regius
panulirus rissonii
Panulirus regius
painted spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUV
ITIS:552982
http://eol.org/pages/344165
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1948
South China Sea lobster
painted rock lobster
painted spiny lobster
spiny blue lobster
Panulirus versicolor
Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804)
painted crayfish
panulirus versicolor
Panulirus versicolor
pygmy krill
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRF
ITIS:95517
http://eol.org/pages/509407
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3579
Euphausia frigida Hansen, 1911
euphausia frigida
Euphausia frigida
Epinephelini
Xanthosoma
lychee plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10889
GRIN:22399
ITIS:503504
MANSFELD:6914
PLANTS:LICH4
http://eol.org/pages/487032
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1212
litchee
litchi
litchi chinensis
litchi nut
litchi plant
lychee
nephelium litchi
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Litchi chinensis
A medium-sized, edible-fruit bearing tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae.
Damion Dooley
rambutan tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11357
GRIN:25188
ITIS:506073
MANSFELD:6931
PLANTS:NELA7
http://eol.org/pages/595297
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1629
alectryon subcinereus
euphorbia nephelium
hairy lychee tree
nephelium lappaceum
rambutan
rhambustan tree
Nephelium lappaceum L.
Nephelium lappaceum
*Kali turgida* (Synonym *Salsola kali* subsp. *kali*), commonly known as prickly saltwort, or prickly glasswort, is an annual plant that grows in salty sandy coastal soils.
Its distributional range is in Europe along the shores of Baltic Sea, North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In the Mediterranean and at dry inland places it is replaced by Kali tragus, which is less tolerant to salty soils, and has spread from Eurasia to other continents. Kali turgida does not seem to occur as an introduced species in America.
prickly saltwort plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_kali
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12759
GRIN:310094
ITIS:20655
PLANTS:SAKA
PLANTS:SAKAK
PLANTS:SAKAP
http://eol.org/pages/585945
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4331
common saltwort
prickly saltwort
Salsola kali L.
Salsola kali L. ssp. kali
Salsola kali L. ssp. pontica (Pall.) Mosyakin
common saltwort
prickly russian thistle
russian thistle
tumbleweed
Kali turgidum
red grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:572
FAO ASFIS:GPR
ITIS:167702
http://eol.org/pages/212571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1757
red grouper
Epinephelus morio
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)
epinephelus morio
Epinephelus morio
megrim
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1156
FAO ASFIS:MEG
ITIS:172835
http://eol.org/pages/216881
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2710
megrim
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792)
lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
whiff
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
Cirrhitioidei
greenland cockle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:80879
http://eol.org/pages/449116
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3651
Serripes groenlandicus
Serripes groenlandicus (Mohr, 1786)
greenland smoothcockle
serripes groenlandicus
Serripes groenlandicus
Genypterus
golden kingklip
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:916
FAO ASFIS:CUS
ITIS:165000
http://eol.org/pages/218108
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1858
pink cusk-eel
Genypterus blacodes (Forster 1801)
Genypterus blacodes (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Genypterus blacodes (Schneider, 1801)
genypterus blacodes
kingklip, golden
Genypterus blacodes
Galloanserae
vimba bream
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:359
FAO ASFIS:VIV
ITIS:639696
http://eol.org/pages/994546
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3871
vimba bream
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758)
vimba vimba
Vimba vimba
Rooibos, "red bush"; scientific name *Aspalathus linearis* is a broom-like member of the legume family of plants growing in South Africa's fynbos.
The generic name comes from the plant Calicotome villosa, aspalathos in Greek. This plant has very similar growth and flowers to the redbush. The specific name linearis comes from the plant's linear growing structure and needle-like leaves.
The plant is used to make a herbal tea called rooibos tea, bush tea (esp. Southern Africa), redbush tea (esp. UK), South African red tea, or red tea. The product has been popular in Southern Africa for generations and is now consumed in many countries. It is sometimes spelled rooibosch in accordance with the old Dutch etymology.
rooibos plant
WIKIPEDIA:Aspalathus_linearis
http://langual.org
GRIN:310979
ITIS:506239
PLANTS:ASLI14
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2057
rooibos
Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren
Aspalathus linearis (Burman f.) R. Dahlgren
aspalathus linearis
Aspalathus linearis
Eriphia
smooth redeye crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EQS
ITIS:660606
http://eol.org/pages/312908
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2216
Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803)
Eriphia sebana (Shaw and Nodder, 1803)
eriphia sebana
smooth redeyed crab
Eriphia sebana
The mung bean (*Vigna radiata*), alternatively known as the moong bean, green gram, or mung, mudga, is a plant species in the legume family. The mung bean is mainly cultivated in Pakistan, India, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. It is used as an ingredient in both savory and sweet dishes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mung_bean]
mung bean plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13837
GRIN:312026
ITIS:506804
MANSFELD:27370
http://eol.org/pages/655074
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1395
mung bean
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek
Vigna radiata var. radiata
Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
golden gram bean
green gram bean
phaseolus aureus
vigna radiata
Vigna radiata
indian jujube plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:42285
ITIS:28595
PLANTS:ZIMA
http://eol.org/pages/582336
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2794
Chinese-date
Indian-plum
ber
beri
cottony jujube
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
ber
cottony jujuba
indian cherry
indian plum (ziziphus)
ziziphus abyssinicus
ziziphus mauritiana
ziziphus orthacantha
Ziziphus mauritiana
devilfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:112
FAO ASFIS:RMM
ITIS:160999
http://eol.org/pages/213344
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2297
devil fish
Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)
mobula mobular
Mobula mobular
Americhelydia
Limonia acidissima is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. Common names for the species in English include wood-apple and elephant-apple.Limonia acidissima is a large tree growing to 9 metres (30 ft) tall, with rough, spiny bark.
Damion Dooley
wood apple plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonia_acidissima
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10861
GRIN:22253
ITIS:506392
PLANTS:LIAC5
http://eol.org/pages/483559
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2845
Indian wood-apple
elephant-apple
Limonia acidissima L.
elephant apple
feronia limonia
indian wood apple
limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima
purple passionflower plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11661
GRIN:26977
ITIS:504139
PLANTS:PAIN6
http://eol.org/pages/486617
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4198
Passiflora incarnata L.
passiflora incarnata
Passiflora incarnata
wild rice
Zizania
coney
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CFJ
FDA RFE 2010:10
ITIS:167740
http://eol.org/pages/206389
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2588
coney
Cephalopholis fulva
Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758)
cephalopholis fulva
Cephalopholis fulva
gulf coney
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EFC
ITIS:167749
http://eol.org/pages/205496
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2589
rooster hind
Epinephelus acanthistius
Epinephelus acanthistius (Gilbert, 1892)
coney, gulf
epinephelus acanthistius
rooster hind
Hyporthodus acanthistius
spotted grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:567
FAO ASFIS:GPS
ITIS:167697
http://eol.org/pages/206651
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4018
spotted grouper
Epinephelus analogus
Epinephelus analogus (Gill, 1863)
Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863
epinephelus analogus
Epinephelus analogus
persian grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EPR
ITIS:167737
http://eol.org/pages/204319
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1758
areolate grouper
Epinephelus areolatus
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus areolatus
Epinephelus areolatus
golden grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:566
FAO ASFIS:EEA
ITIS:167709
http://eol.org/pages/597168
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4017
blacktip grouper
Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775)
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus alexandrinus
epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus fasciatus
jewfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:570
FAO ASFIS:EET
ITIS:167695
http://eol.org/pages/212570
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1756
itajara
jewfish
Epinephelus itajara
Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822)
epinephelus itajara
Epinephelus itajara
nassau grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:574
FAO ASFIS:GPN
ITIS:167706
http://eol.org/pages/1015634
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4022
Nassau grouper
Epinephelus striatus
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792)
epinephelus striatus
Epinephelus striatus
scamp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MKH
ITIS:167763
http://eol.org/pages/207922
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2887
scamp
Mycteroperca phenax
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan & Swain, 1884
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and Swain, 1884
mycteroperca phenax
Mycteroperca phenax
yellowfin grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MKV
ITIS:167764
http://eol.org/pages/207352
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2390
yellowfin grouper
Mycteroperca venenosa
Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
mycteroperca venenosa
Mycteroperca venenosa
silver bream
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AKU
ITIS:647905
http://eol.org/pages/206982
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3371
surf bream
Acanthopagrus australis (Günther, 1859)
acanthopagrus australis
surf bream
Acanthopagrus australis
Chrysophylloideae
brown tiger prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1205
FAO ASFIS:PRB
ITIS:95625
http://eol.org/pages/344525
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3628
Penaeus esculentus
Penaeus esculentus Haswell 1879
Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879
brown tiger shrimp
penaeus esculentus
Penaeus esculentus
redtail prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1212
FAO ASFIS:REP
ITIS:551581
http://eol.org/pages/993016
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2613
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (Alcock, 1905)
Penaeus penicillatus Alcock, 1905
fenneropenaeus penicillatus
penaeus penicillatus
Penaeus penicillatus
western king prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1208
FAO ASFIS:WKP
ITIS:551687
http://eol.org/pages/1021965
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3495
Melicertus latisulcatus
Melicertus latisulcatus (Kishinouye, 1896)
Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896
melicertus latisulcatus
melicertus latisulcatus latisulcatus
penaeus latisulcatus
Penaeus latisulcatus
eastern king prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNP
ITIS:551593
http://eol.org/pages/325036
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3491
Melicertus plebejus
Melicertus plebejus (Hess, 1865)
Penaeus plebejus Hess 1865
melicertus plebejus
ocean king prawn
penaeus plebejus
Penaeus plebejus
A cultivated plant of Beta vulgaris, a plant whose tuber contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other B. vulgaris cultivars such as beetroot and chard share a common wild ancestor, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris maritima).
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8006
GRIN:103151
GRIN:7057
ITIS:20681
MANSFELD:362
http://eol.org/pages/585884
beet
beta vulgaris
beta vulgaris var. altissima
Beta vulgaris
malabar grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:571
FAO ASFIS:MAR
ITIS:551076
http://eol.org/pages/2793766
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4021
Malabar grouper
Epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus malabaricus
velvet tamarind plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:13792
ITIS:506249
PLANTS:DIGU2
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2773
Dialium guineense Willd.
dialium guineense
sierra leone tree
velvet berry
Dialium guineense
Molva
ling
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:456
FAO ASFIS:LIN
ITIS:164760
http://eol.org/pages/211405
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2144
common ling
ling
Molva molva
Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758)
molva molva
Molva molva
tadpole fish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:462
FAO ASFIS:RCR
ITIS:164777
http://eol.org/pages/223615
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2707
tadpole fish
Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758)
forkbeard
raniceps raninus
Raniceps raninus
Centrolophidae
Arripis
australian ruff
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RUF
ITIS:168826
http://eol.org/pages/203864
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1941
Australian herring
Australian ruff
bull herring
ruff
sea herring
tommy rough
tommy ruff
western herring
Arripis georgianus
Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes 1831)
Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831)
arripis georgianus
Arripis georgianus
Phaseoleae
Trifolieae
Fabeae
Hordeinae
Shortfin scad (Layang scad) is a one of the most common fishes in Vietnam seas, and belongs to the species Decapterus macrosoma.
shortfin scad
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:DCC
ITIS:168735
http://eol.org/pages/993841
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3961
layang scad
shortfin scad
Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851
decapterus macrosoma
Decapterus macrosoma
atlantic mudskipper
http://langual.org
ITIS:172058
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3928
Atlantic mudskipper
Periophthalmus barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766)
atlantic mudskipper
periophthalmus barbarus
Periophthalmus barbarus
walnut family
Juglandaceae
walnuts
Juglans
black walnut tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10557
GRIN:20762
ITIS:19254
PLANTS:JUNI
http://eol.org/pages/594611
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1071
black walnut
Juglans nigra L.
juglans nigra
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the black walnut (drupe, seed) index both *BLACK WALNUT [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans nigra
brazilian pepper tree
http://langual.org
BASIS:256
GRIN:70672
ITIS:28812
http://eol.org/pages/582274
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2347
Brazilian peppertree
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
christmas berry tree
schinus terebinthifolia
schinus terebinthifolius
Schinus terebinthifolia
african mudfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:GPH
ITIS:162844
http://eol.org/pages/211788
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2317
hingemouth
Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger 1901
Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger, 1901
phractolaemus ansorgii
Phractolaemus ansorgii
Coryphoideae
Cocoseae
Attaleinae
Borasseae
Myrtoideae
Myrteae
darkie charlie
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:59
FAO ASFIS:SCK
ITIS:160651
http://eol.org/pages/210896
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4116
kitefin shark
Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)
dalatias licha
kitefin shark
Dalatias licha
pacific angel shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SUC
ITIS:160785
http://eol.org/pages/206814
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3521
Pacific angelshark
Squatina californica
Squatina californica Ayres, 1859
california angel shark
monkfish
northern angelshark
pacific angelshark
squatina californica
Squatina californica
The kaffir lime (*Citrus × hystrix*, *Rutaceae*) is also known as combava, kieffer lime, limau purut, jeruk purut or makrut lime, Kabuyao (Cabuyao). It is a lime native to Indochinese and Malesian ecoregions in India, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, and adjacent countries. It is used in Southeast Asian cuisine.
kaffir lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_hystrix
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8692
GRIN:10714
ITIS:825206
PLANTS:CIHY2
http://eol.org/pages/2906075
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4339
Makrut lime
Mauritius papeda
Thai lime
Citrus hystrix DC.
citrus hystrix
mauritius papeda
papeda
Citrus hystrix
Rangpur, Citrus × limonia, also known as lemandarin, is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon. It is a citrus fruit with a very acidic taste and an orange peel and flesh.
mandarin lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Mandarin_Lime
http://langual.org
GRIN:10733
ITIS:501573
PLANTS:CILI3
http://eol.org/pages/488255
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4214
Canton lemon
Rangpur lime
hime lemon
lemandarin
li meng
mandarin lime
sharbati
surkh nimboo
yi mu zi
Citrus X limonia Osbeck (pro sp.)
Citrus limonia Osbeck
Citrus ×limonia Osbeck (pro sp.)
citrus × limonia
lemandarin
Citrus limonia
The citron (*Citrus medica*) is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used widely in Asian cuisine, and also in traditional medicines, perfume, and for religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially prominent, notably lemons and many limes.
citron plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8698
GRIN:10745
ITIS:28886
MANSFELD:7611
PLANTS:CIME3
http://eol.org/pages/582203
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1211
Buddha's hand
citron
Citrus medica L.
Citrus medica L. var. medica
citrus medica
Citrus medica
yellowleg shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1202
FAO ASFIS:YPS
ITIS:551573
http://eol.org/pages/344236
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3624
Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900)
Penaeus californiensis Holmes, 1900
farfantepenaeus californiensis
penaeus californiensis
Penaeus californiensis
large-tooth flounders
Paralichthyidae
Amygdaloideae
Rosoideae
The cashew is a tree in the family *Anacardiaceae*. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.
The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as "marañón", it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5 to 11 cm long. It is edible, and has a strong "sweet" smell and a sweet taste. The pulp of the cashew apple is very juicy, but the skin is fragile, making it unsuitable for transport. In Latin America, a fruit drink is made from the cashew apple pulp which has a very refreshing taste and tropical flavor that can be described as having notes of mango, raw green pepper, and just a little hint of grapefruit-like citrus. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. The drupe develops first on the tree, and then the pedicel expands into the cashew apple. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the nut of the cashew is a seed. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid, a potent skin irritant chemically related to the more well known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy. Properly roasting cashews destroys the toxin, but it must be done outdoors as the smoke (not unlike that from burning poison ivy) contains urushiol droplets which can cause severe, sometimes life-threatening, reactions by irritating the lungs.
cashew plant
WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_occidentale
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7475
GRIN:3060
IT IS:28793
ITIS:28793
MANSFELD:28212
PLANTS:ANOC
http://eol.org/pages/582263
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1221
cashew
maranon
Anacardium occidentale L.
anacardium occidentale
cashew apple
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PECAN [B1221]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Anacardium occidentale
*Tilia cordata* is a species of *Tilia* native to much of Europe. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata]
littleleaf linden plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13541
GRIN:36675
ITIS:505507
MANSFELD:4863
PLANTS:TICO2
http://eol.org/pages/486446
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2966
Small-leaf linden
littleleaf linden
small-leaved lime
small-leaved linden
tilia cordata
Tilia cordata Mill.
Tilia cordata
Argyrosomus
meagre
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:709
FAO ASFIS:MGR
ITIS:169366
http://eol.org/pages/203937
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2863
meagre
Argyrosomus regius
Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801)
sciaena aquila
Argyrosomus regius
english sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FDA RFE 2010:50
ITIS:172921
http://eol.org/pages/210935
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1131
English sole
Parophrys vetulus
Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854
parophrys vetulus
sole, english
Parophrys vetulus
winter skate
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:97
FAO ASFIS:RJT
ITIS:564145
http://eol.org/pages/217218
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4093
winter skate
Leucoraja ocellata
Leucoraja ocellata (Mitchill, 1815)
Raja ocellata Mitchill, 1815
big skate
eyed skate
leucoraja ocellata
raja ocellata
Leucoraja ocellata
turkey wing
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RQZ
ITIS:79368
http://eol.org/pages/452127
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3547
Arca zebra
Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833)
arca zebra
Arca zebra
blue runner
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:627
FAO ASFIS:RUB
ITIS:168612
http://eol.org/pages/224449
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1778
blue runner
Caranx crysos
Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)
caranx crysos
caranx fusus
Caranx crysos
green jack
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NXC
ITIS:168611
http://eol.org/pages/207051
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2251
green jack
Caranx caballus
Caranx caballus Günther, 1868
caranx caballus
jack, green
jurel (green jack)
jurel bonito
Caranx caballus
bar jack
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:630
FAO ASFIS:CXR
ITIS:168615
http://eol.org/pages/221352
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2335
bar jack
Carangoides ruber
Carangoides ruber (Bloch, 1793)
Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793)
Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793)
carangoides ruber
caranx ruber
carrang
Carangoides ruber
yellow jack
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NBR
ITIS:168607
http://eol.org/pages/597832
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2384
yellow jack
Carangoides bartholomaei
Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833
carangoides bartholomaei
caranx bartholomaei
Carangoides bartholomaei
round scad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:WEC
ITIS:168725
http://eol.org/pages/205453
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2481
round scad
Decapterus punctatus
Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)
decapterus punctatus
Decapterus punctatus
rainbow runner
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:638
FAO ASFIS:RRU
ITIS:168738
http://eol.org/pages/224373
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2382
Decapterus sp. BIN12386
Decapterus sp. MVM-2010-1
rainbow runner
Elagatis bipinnulata
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)
elagatis bipinnulata
Elagatis bipinnulata
Trachinotus
palometa
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PPL
ITIS:168710
http://eol.org/pages/356298
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2490
palometa
Trachinotus goodei
Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann, 1896
garrick
glaucus
great pompano
trachinotus glaucus
Trachinotus goodei
florida pompano
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:654
FAO ASFIS:POM
ITIS:168708
http://eol.org/pages/210301
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1780
Florida pompano
Trachinotus carolinus
Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
common pompano
trachinotus carolinus
Trachinotus carolinus
leatherjacket
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OLI
ITIS:168673
http://eol.org/pages/205903
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3965
leatherjack
Oligoplites saurus
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
oligoplites saurus
Oligoplites saurus
kodo millet plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:26917
GRIN:409667
GRIN:409668
ITIS:41040
PLANTS:PASC6
PLANTS:PASCB
http://eol.org/pages/1114553
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2504
Paspalum scrobiculatum L.
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack.
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispicatum Hack.
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. scrobiculatum
indian paspalum
koda millet
kodra millet
paspalum scrobiculatum
ricegrass
ricegrass paspalum
Paspalum scrobiculatum
*Amorphophallus paeoniifolius*, the Elephant foot yam or Whitespot giant arum or Stink lily, is a tropical tuber crop that offers excellent scope for adoption in the tropical countries as a cash crop due to its production potential and popularity as a vegetable in various delicious cuisines.
whitespot giant arum plant
WIKIPEDIA:Amorphophallus_paeoniifolius
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7462
GRIN:102457
ITIS:506752
PLANTS:AMPA13
http://eol.org/pages/1098928
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4274
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson
amorphophallus paeoniifolius
elephant foot yam
elephant yam
telinga-potato
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
Lithodes
golden king crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KAQ
ITIS:660179
http://eol.org/pages/313428
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2343
Lithodes aequispina Benedict 1894
Lithodes aequispinus
Lithodes aequispinus J. E. Benedict, 1895
lithodes aequispina
Lithodes aequispinus
stone king crab
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1293
FAO ASFIS:KCT
ITIS:97943
http://eol.org/pages/1021868
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3568
Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758)
lithodes maia
lithodes maja
norway king crab
Lithodes maja
hanasaki crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCY
ITIS:97937
http://eol.org/pages/313373
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1093
Paralithodes brevipes
Paralithodes brevipes (Benedict, 1894)
Paralithodes brevipes (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1841)
brown king crab
paralithodes brevipes
Paralithodes brevipes
The redcurrant, or red currant (*Ribes rubrum*) is a member of the genus *Ribes* in the gooseberry family. It is native across western Europe.
red currant plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redcurrant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12577
GRIN:31860
ITIS:504798
MANSFELD:17064
PLANTS:RIRU80
http://eol.org/pages/489743
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1055
northern red currant
red currant
Ribes rubrum L.
cultivated currant
garden currant
garnetberry
redcurrant
ribes ruburm
ribes sativum
ribes sylvestre
Ribes rubrum
weakfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:717
FAO ASFIS:STG
ITIS:169241
http://eol.org/pages/357147
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2375
gray seatrout
gray weakfish
Cynoscion regalis
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
acaupa
cynoscion regalis
cynoscion acoupa
gray weakfish
Cynoscion regalis
dragon fruit
Hylocereus undatus
Syzygium
marrow-stem kale plant
Brassica oleracea L. var. medullosa Thell.
Brassica oleracea L., convar, acephala (D.C.) Alef, var. medullosa Thell.
Brassica oleracea var. medullosa Thell.
marrow-stem cabbage
marrow-stem kale
Brassica oleracea var. medullosa
Alectis
alexandria pompano
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:624
FAO ASFIS:ALA
ITIS:641972
http://eol.org/pages/343488
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3968
African threadfish
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817)
alectis alexandrinus
Alectis alexandrina
african pompano
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LIJ
ITIS:168602
http://eol.org/pages/213780
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2147
African pompano
Alectis ciliaris
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787)
alectis ciliaris
threadfish
Alectis ciliaris
Carangoides
rough scad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:659
FAO ASFIS:RSC
ITIS:168587
http://eol.org/pages/356299
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3958
rough scad
Trachurus lathami
Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920
trachurus lathami
Trachurus lathami
dogtooth grouper
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:568
FAO ASFIS:EFJ
ITIS:551046
http://eol.org/pages/209889
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4019
dogtooth grouper
Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843)
epinephelus caninus
Epinephelus caninus
*Epinephelus marginatus* (dusky grouper, merou) is the best known grouper of the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa coast. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephelus_marginatus]
dusky sea perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:569
FAO ASFIS:GPD
ITIS:551078
http://eol.org/pages/206618
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4020
dusky grouper
Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758)
Epinephelus marginatus
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
epinephelus gigas
epinephelus guaza
epinephelus marginatus
Epinephelus marginatus
white grouper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:565
FAO ASFIS:GPW
ITIS:551036
http://eol.org/pages/215496
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4016
white grouper
Epinephelus aeneus
Epinephelus aeneus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817)
epinephelus aeneus
Epinephelus aeneus
Mammea
Chenopodiaceae
bilberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13739
GRIN:41040
ITIS:23605
MANSFELD:18352
PLANTS:VAMY2
http://eol.org/pages/583633
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2013
bilberry
bilberry
whortleberry
Vaccinium myrtillus L.
vaccinium myrtillus
whinberry
whortleberry
Vaccinium myrtillus
*Vaccinium parvifolium* (Red Huckleberry) is a species of *Vaccinium* native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Indigenous peoples found the plant and its fruit very useful. The bright red, acidic berries were used extensively for food throughout the year.
red huckleberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_parvifolium
http://langual.org
GRIN:41050
ITIS:23612
PLANTS:VAPA
http://eol.org/pages/583641
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3489
red-huckleberry
Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.
vaccinium parvifolium
Vaccinium parvifolium
Vaccinium reticulatum, known as ʻōhelo ʻai in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the heather family, Ericaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.
Damion Dooley
oheloberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:41053
ITIS:23622
PLANTS:VARE
http://eol.org/pages/583621
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1688
ʻōhelo ʻai
Vaccinium reticulatum Sm.
vaccinium reticulatum
Vaccinium reticulatum
Ophidiinae
Allocyttus
black oreo dory
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BOE
ITIS:625296
http://eol.org/pages/596474
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2578
black oreo
Allocyttus niger
Allocyttus niger James, Inada & Nakamura, 1988
Allocyttus niger James, Inada and Nakamura, 1988
allocyttus niger
oreo dory, black
Allocyttus niger
benjamin tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9803
GRIN:16785
ITIS:19083
PLANTS:FIBE
http://eol.org/pages/594918
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3331
Java fig
benjamin-tree
Ficus benjamina L.
ficus benjamina
java fig
javatree
Ficus benjamina
sycamore fig plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9825
GRIN:17000
ITIS:506546
PLANTS:FISY2
http://eol.org/pages/491538
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2779
mulberry fig
sycamore fig
Ficus sycomorus L.
egyptian sycamore
ficus gnaphalocarpa
ficus sycomorus
ficus trachophylla
mulberry fig
sycomorus ghaphalocarpa
Ficus sycomorus
Osmerinae
mediterranean starry ray
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:94
FAO ASFIS:JRS
ITIS:160879
http://eol.org/pages/215169
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4081
starry ray
Raja asterias Delaroche 1809
Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
raja asterias
Raja asterias
brown ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:JAI
ITIS:160878
http://eol.org/pages/979293
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4090
brown ray
Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
raja miraletus
Raja miraletus
long-nosed skate
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJO
ITIS:564148
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4094
longnosed skate
Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758
dipturus oxyrinchus
long-nose skate
raja oxyrinchus
Dipturus oxyrinchus
undulate ray
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:100
FAO ASFIS:RJU
ITIS:160900
http://eol.org/pages/213487
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4099
undulate ray
Raja undulata Lacepede, 1802
Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802
Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802
marbled ray
painted ray
raja undulata
Raja undulata
Abelmoschus
The aibika (*Abelmoschus manihot*) is a flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae. It was formerly considered a species of *Hibiscus*, but is now classified in the genus *Abelmoschus*. The plant is also known as the sunset muskmallow, sunset hibiscus, or hibiscus manihot.
In Japanese, this plant is known as tororo aoi and is used to make neri, a starchy substance used in making washi. In Korean, this plant is known as hwang chok kyu and is used to make dak pul, which assists in making hanji.
sunset muskmallow plant
WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_manihot
http://langual.org
GRIN:621
ITIS:21771
PLANTS:ABMA9
http://eol.org/pages/584457
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4283
aibika
mbele
sunset-hibiscus
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.
abelmoschus manihot
aibika
hibiscus manihot
sunset hibiscus
Abelmoschus manihot
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a species of Hibiscus probably native to West Africa, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion, in which it may be known as carcade.
roselle plant
http://langual.org
The roselle (*Hibiscus sabdariffa*) is a species of Hibiscus native to the Old World tropics, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion. It is an annual or perennial herb or woody-based subshrub, growing to 2-2.5 m (7-8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8-15 cm (3-6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems.
The flowers are 8-10 cm (3-4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the base of each petal, and have a stout fleshy calyx at the base, 1-2 cm (0.39-0.79 in) wide, enlarging to 3-3.5 cm (1.2-1.4 in), fleshy and bright red as the fruit matures. It takes about six months to mature. [Wikipedia]
DPNL 2003:10293
GRIN:19078
ITIS:503001
MANSFELD:13432
PLANTS:HISA2
http://eol.org/pages/487306
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1691
Sorrel of Guinea
guinea-wort
hibiscus sabdariffa
jamaica sorrel
red sorrel
red-sorrel
roselle
sereni
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Hibiscus sabdariffa
four-spot flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1108
FAO ASFIS:YSO
ITIS:172783
http://eol.org/pages/208245
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4038
American fourspot flounder
Hippoglossina oblonga
Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815)
Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill, 1815)
paralichthys oblongus
Hippoglossina oblonga
Peprilus
Damion Dooley
American butterfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1024
FAO ASFIS:BUT
ITIS:172567
http://eol.org/pages/215092
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1410
American butterfish
Atlantic butterfish
Peprilus triacanthus
dollar fish
peprilus triacanthus
pumpkin scad
sheephead
Peprilus triacanthus
Peprilus triacanthus (Peck, 1804)
Peprilus triacanthus (Peek, 1804)
Peprilus triacanthus
Urophycis
red hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:469
FAO ASFIS:HKR
ITIS:164730
http://eol.org/pages/210307
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1442
red hake
Urophycis chuss
Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792)
urophycis chuss
Urophycis chuss
white hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:470
FAO ASFIS:HKW
FDA RFE 2010:92
ITIS:164732
http://eol.org/pages/210308
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1840
white hake
Urophycis tenuis
Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill, 1814)
hake, white
urophycis tenuis
Urophycis tenuis
Chayote (Sechium edule) is an edible plant belonging to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae.
chayote plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12955
GRIN:33453
ITIS:22441
PLANTS:SEED
http://eol.org/pages/584297
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1730
chayote
christophine
pipinela
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.
choko
christophine
mirliton squash plant
sechium edule
Sechium edule
american sand lance
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:921
ITIS:171673
http://eol.org/pages/206899
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2383
American sand lance
Ammodytes americanus
Ammodytes americanus De Kay, 1842
Ammodytes americanus DeKay, 1842
ammodytes americanus
Ammodytes americanus
black sea bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:563
FAO ASFIS:BSB
ITIS:167687
http://eol.org/pages/205158
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1438
black seabass
Centropristis striata
Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
blackfish
centropristis striata
sea bass, black
Centropristis striata
peruvian sea bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:167835
http://eol.org/pages/1157259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1761
southern rock bass
Paralabrax callaensis
Paralabrax callaensis Starks, 1906
paralabrax callaensis
sea bass, peruvian
Paralabrax callaensis
giant sea bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:584
FAO ASFIS:TEJ
ITIS:167918
http://eol.org/pages/209697
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1765
giant sea bass
Stereolepis gigas
Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859
sea bass, giant
stereolepis gigas
Stereolepis gigas
chain pickerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:284
ITIS:162143
http://eol.org/pages/223146
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2334
chain pickerel
Esox niger
Esox niger Lesueur, 1818
eastern pickerel
esox niger
esox reticulatus
Esox niger
european anchovy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:215
FAO ASFIS:ANE
ITIS:161831
http://eol.org/pages/223061
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3837
European anchovy
Engraulis encrasicolus
Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anchovy
engraulis encrasiolus
Engraulis encrasicolus
desert indianwheat plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:28790
ITIS:504438
PLANTS:PLOV
http://eol.org/pages/484480
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4200
blond psyllium
ispaghul
Plantago ovata Forsk.
Plantago ovata Forssk.
blond psyllium
pantago ovata
Plantago ovata
arctic cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ATG
ITIS:164704
http://eol.org/pages/223486
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3789
Arctic cod
Arctogadus glacialis
Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872)
arctogadus glacialis
Arctogadus glacialis
blue ling
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:454
FAO ASFIS:BLI
ITIS:164761
http://eol.org/pages/215832
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2864
blue ling
Molva dipterygia dipterygia (Pennant, 1784)
Molva dypterygia
Molva dypterygia (Pennant, 1784)
molva dypterygia
Molva dipterygia
european pollock
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:460
FAO ASFIS:POL
ITIS:164728
http://eol.org/pages/2788745
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3877
pollack
Pollachius pollachius
Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758)
green pollack
pollachius pollachius
pollack lythe
pollock
Pollachius pollachius
Acipenseroidei
Actinopteri
Clupeocephala
Otophysi
Otomorpha
Scombrinae
Scombrini
Scomberomorini
Thunnini
offshore jack mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:662
FAO ASFIS:JAA
ITIS:168593
http://eol.org/pages/206047
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3953
blue jack mackerel
Trachurus picturatus
Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825)
blue jack mackerel
blue scad
trachurus picturatus
Trachurus picturatus
american dewberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:104958
ITIS:24921
PLANTS:RUFL
http://eol.org/pages/246464
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1490
American dewberry
northern dewberry
Rubus flagellaris Willd.
rubus flagellaris
Rubus flagellaris
*Vaccinium ovalifolium* (commonly known as Alaska blueberry, early blueberry, oval-leaf bilberry, oval-leaf blueberry, and oval-leaf huckleberry) is a plant in the heath family having three varieties, all of which grow in northerly regions, including the subarctic.
alaska blueberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_ovalifolium
http://langual.org
GRIN:41045
ITIS:23576
ITIS:23607
PLANTS:VAAL3
PLANTS:VAOV
http://eol.org/pages/583635
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4474
alaska blueberry
oval-leaf bilberry
oval-leaf blueberry
oval-leaf huckleberry
vaccinium alaskaense
vaccinium ovalifolium
Vaccinium alaskaense Howell
Vaccinium alaskaense T.J. Howell
Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.
Vaccinium ovalifolium
bog bilberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13741
GRIN:41063
ITIS:23574
MANSFELD:18312
PLANTS:VAUL
http://eol.org/pages/583654
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2970
bog bilberry
bog bilberry
bog blueberry
Vaccinium uliginosum L.
bog blueberry
vaccinium uliginosum
Vaccinium uliginosum
black crowberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9514
GRIN:15127
ITIS:23743
PLANTS:EMNI
PLANTS:EMNIH
PLANTS:EMNIN
http://eol.org/pages/586630
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4263
black crowberry
crakeberry
curlew-berry
Empetrum nigrum L.
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Böcher
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum
empetrum nigrum
Empetrum nigrum
black-bellied angler
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1181
FAO ASFIS:ANK
ITIS:164502
http://eol.org/pages/223471
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4074
black-bellied angler
Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807
lophius budegassa
Lophius budegassa
greenland shark
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:62
FAO ASFIS:GSK
ITIS:160611
http://eol.org/pages/205932
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4108
Greenland shark
Greenland sleeper shark
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
ground shark
sleeper shark
somniosus microcephalus
Somniosus microcephalus
Lepidium
chilean horse mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:661
FAO ASFIS:CJM
ITIS:168597
http://eol.org/pages/224921
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2901
Inca scad
Trachurus murphyi
Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920
inca scad
trachurus murphyi
Trachurus murphyi
Annoneae
fire thorn plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12385
GRIN:30398
ITIS:25293
PLANTS:PYCO2
http://eol.org/pages/635933
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2349
scarlet firethorn
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roemer
Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem.
pyracantha coccinea
Pyracantha coccinea
*Hippophae rhamnoides*, also known as common sea buckthorn is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeagnaceae, native to the cold-temperate regions of Europe and Asia. It is a spiny deciduous shrub.
*H. rhamnoides* is a very versatile plant and the fruits as well as the leaves can be used. The fruits are processed and then used in the food industry, in traditional medicine, as part of drugs or in the cosmetic industry. The leaves can be used as feed, particularly for ruminants. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippophae_rhamnoides]
sea buckthorn plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:19177
ITIS:503044
PLANTS:HIRH80
http://eol.org/pages/488204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2748
hippophae rhamnoides
sallowthorn
sea buckthorn
sea-buckthorn
Hippophae rhamnoides L.
Hippophae rhamnoides
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (Moraceae) originating in the South Pacific and eventually spreading to the rest of Oceania.
breadfruit plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7742
GRIN:4319
ITIS:184181
PLANTS:ARAL7
http://eol.org/pages/594952
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1504
breadfruit
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg
artocarpus altilis
artocarpus incisa
Artocarpus altilis
*Brosimum alicastrum*, the breadnut or Maya nut, is a Brosimum tree species under the *Moraceae* family of flowering plants, whose other genera include fig and mulberries The plant is known by a range of names in indigenous Mesoamerican and other languages, including but not limited to: ramon,ojoche, ojite, ojushte, ujushte, ujuxte, capomo, mojo, ox, iximche , masica' in Honduras 'and uje in Michoacan Mexico. The fruit, the breadnut, is extremely high in fiber, calcium, potassium, folic acid, iron, zinc, protein and B vitamins. It has a low glycemic index (<50) and is very high in antioxidants. The fresh seeds can be cooked and eaten or can be set out to dry in the sun to roast and eaten later. Stewed the nut tastes like mashed potato, roasted it tastes like chocolate or coffee and can be prepared in numerous other dishes. In Petén, Guatemala, the breadnut is being cultivated for exportation and local consumption as powder, for hot beverages, and bread.
breadnut plant
WIKIPEDIA:Brosimum_alicastrum
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8147
GRIN:7895
ITIS:19075
PLANTS:BRAL3
http://eol.org/pages/596209
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1722
Brosimum alicastrum Sw.
brosimum alicastrum
maya nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit index both *BREADNUT [B1722]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Brosimum alicastrum
great hammerhead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPK
ITIS:160515
http://eol.org/pages/224168
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2593
great hammerhead
Sphyrna mokarran
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)
hammerhead, great
sphyrna mokarran
Sphyrna mokarran
smooth hammerhead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:47
FAO ASFIS:SPZ
ITIS:160505
http://eol.org/pages/224170
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2595
smooth hammerhead
Sphyrna zygaena
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)
hammerhead, smooth
sphyrna zygaena
Sphyrna zygaena
petrale sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1113
FAO ASFIS:EOJ
FDA RFE 2010:15
ITIS:172868
http://eol.org/pages/211922
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1863
Petrale sole
Eopsetta jordani
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879)
eopsetta jordani
sole, petrale
Eopsetta jordani
rex sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1115
FAO ASFIS:GLZ
FDA RFE 2010:20
ITIS:172978
http://eol.org/pages/214299
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1864
Rex sole
Glyptocephalus zachirus
Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879
glyptocephalus zachirus
Glyptocephalus zachirus
pacific halibut
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1120
FAO ASFIS:HAP
ITIS:172932
http://eol.org/pages/206715
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1876
Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis
Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904
halibut, pacific
hippoglossus stenolepis
Hippoglossus stenolepis
butter sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ISI
ITIS:172919
http://eol.org/pages/995111
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1869
butter sole
Isopsetta isolepis
Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880)
isopsetta isolepis
pleuronectes isolepis
sole, butter
Isopsetta isolepis
rock sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1121
FAO ASFIS:ROS
ITIS:172917
http://eol.org/pages/225787
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1868
rock sole
Lepidopsetta bilineata
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres 1855)
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855)
lepidopsetta bilineata
sole, rock
Lepidopsetta bilineata
yellowfin sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1122
FAO ASFIS:YES
ITIS:172907
http://eol.org/pages/207428
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2581
yellowfin sole
Limanda aspera
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1811)
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814)
Limanda aspera Pallas, 1814
limanda aspera
sole, yellowfin
Limanda aspera
slender sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LYW
ITIS:172871
http://eol.org/pages/995149
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1865
slender sole
Lyopsetta exilis
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
lyopsetta exilis
sole, slender
Lyopsetta exilis
starry flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1130
FAO ASFIS:PWQ
FDA RFE 2010:51
ITIS:172893
http://eol.org/pages/214641
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1874
starry flounder
Platichthys stellatus
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787)
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1788)
flounder, starry
platichthys stellatus
Platichthys stellatus
sand sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YSE
ITIS:172928
http://eol.org/pages/210792
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1870
Pacific sand sole
Psettichthys melanostictus
Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854
fringe sole
psettichthys melanostictus
sole, sand
Psettichthys melanostictus
indian ocean flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1100
FAO ASFIS:HAI
ITIS:172706
http://eol.org/pages/204502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1873
Indian spiny turbot
Psettodes erumei
Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Psettodes erumei (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
flounder, indian ocean
indian halibut
psettodes erumei
Psettodes erumei
kamchatka flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1110
FAO ASFIS:KAF
ITIS:616027
http://eol.org/pages/340189
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1875
Kamchatka flounder
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks 1904
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan and Starks, 1904
Reinhardtius evermanni
Reinhardtius evermanni (Jordan and Starks, 1904)
atheresthes evermanni
flounder, kamchatka
Atheresthes evermanni
Achiridae
Trinectes
hogchoker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TMT
ITIS:172982
http://eol.org/pages/203946
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2289
hogchoker
Trinectes maculatus
Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
trinectes maculatus
Trinectes maculatus
fantail sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:XYL
ITIS:172800
http://eol.org/pages/210868
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1880
Xystreurys liolepis
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
sole, fantail
xystreurys liolepis
Xystreurys liolepis
spanish sardine
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SAA
ITIS:161763
http://eol.org/pages/1000279
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2003
round sardinella
Sardinella aurita
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847
sardine, spanish
sardinella anchovia
sardinella aurita
Sardinella aurita
short-body sardinella
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:191
FAO ASFIS:SAE
ITIS:161767
http://eol.org/pages/223233
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3859
Madeiran sardinella
Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838)
Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1839)
sardinella maderensis
Sardinella maderensis
European sprat
Sprattus sprattus
*Neptunia oleracea*, commonly known in English as water mimosa or sensitive neptunia, is pantropical nitrogen-fixing perennial legume. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunia_oleracea]
water mimosa plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:25212
ITIS:517536
http://eol.org/pages/417040
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2445
Neptunia oleracea Lour.
neptunia prostrata
Neptunia oleracea
white river crayfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PCC
ITIS:97492
http://eol.org/pages/344568
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3572
Procambarus acutus
Procambarus acutus (Girard 1852)
Procambarus acutus (Girard, 1852)
procambarus acutus
white crawfish
Procambarus acutus
oxeye scad
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LRO
ITIS:621131
http://eol.org/pages/993268
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3959
oxeye scad
Selar boops (Cuvier 1833)
Selar boops (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
selar boops
Selar boops
Sapindoideae
african plantain plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:316475
ITIS:32908
http://eol.org/pages/579236
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3713
French psyllium
sand plantain
Plantago afra L.
Plantago psyllium L.
plantago afra
plantago psyllium
psyllium
Plantago indica
small european locust lobster
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1291
FAO ASFIS:SCY
ITIS:97666
http://eol.org/pages/128511
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3585
Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lesser slipper lobster
scyllarus arctus
Scyllarus arctus
common spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1253
FAO ASFIS:SLO
ITIS:97657
http://eol.org/pages/1022068
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2203
Palinurus elephas
Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)
palinurus elephas
palinurus vulgaris
Palinurus elephas
natal spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1252
FAO ASFIS:SLN
ITIS:552964
http://eol.org/pages/128820
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3611
Palinurus delagoae
Palinurus delagoae Barnard, 1926
palinurus delagoae
Palinurus delagoae
gilchrist spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1254
FAO ASFIS:SLS
ITIS:552965
http://eol.org/pages/341287
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2167
Palinurus gilchristi
Palinurus gilchristi Stebbing, 1900
palinurus gilchristi
southern spiny lobster
Palinurus gilchristi
A species of ray in the family Mobulidae, and the largest type of ray in the world.
Damion Dooley
giant oceanic manta ray
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:110
FAO ASFIS:RMB
ITIS:160992
http://eol.org/pages/206970
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4131
atlantic manta
giant devil ray
giant manta
Manta birostris
Manta birostris (Donndorff, 1798)
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792)
manta birostris
Until 2017, giant mantas were classified in the genus Manta, along with the smaller reef manta (Mobula alfredi). DNA testing revealed that both species are more closely related to rays of the genus Mobula than previously thought. As a result, giant mantas were renamed Mobula birostris to reflect the new classification. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_oceanic_manta_ray]
Mobula birostris
red deepsea crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CRR
ITIS:620992
http://eol.org/pages/1037674
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1943
red deepsea crab
Chaceon quinquedens
Chaceon quinquedens (S. I. Smith, 1879)
Chaceon quinquedens (Smith 1879)
chaceon quinquedens
geryon quinquedens
Chaceon quinquedens
mammea americana tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:23319
ITIS:21492
PLANTS:MAAM2
http://eol.org/pages/584884
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1685
mamey
mammee-apple
mammy apple tree
Mammea americana L.
mammea americana
south american apricot
Mammea americana
garden valerian plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13745
GRIN:400139
ITIS:35363
PLANTS:VAOF
http://eol.org/pages/488753
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4204
common valerian
garden heliotrope
Valeriana officinalis L.
common valerian
garden-heliotrope
valerian
valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis
*Alpinia officinarum*, known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are valued for their sweet spicy flavor and aromatic scent. These are used throughout Asia in curries and perfumes, and were previously used widely in Europe. They are also used as an herbal remedy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum]
lesser galangal plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7398
GRIN:101035
ITIS:506514
MANSFELD:3440
PLANTS:ALOF4
http://eol.org/pages/1126822
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2938
Chinese-ginger
lesser galangal
Alpinia officinarum Hance
alpinia officinarum
Alpinia officinarum
Bacteria
eubacteria
Bacteria
european flying squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1415
FAO ASFIS:SQE
ITIS:205726
http://eol.org/pages/586266
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3702
Todarodes sagittatus
Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
Todarodes sagittatus sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
ommastrephes sagittatus
red squid
sea squid
todarodes sagittatus
Todarodes sagittatus
taimen
http://langual.org
ITIS:623484
http://eol.org/pages/212945
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4049
taimen
Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773)
hucho taimen
Hucho taimen
The white crappie, *Pomoxis annularis* Rafinesque, 1818, is native throughout the eastern half of Canada and the United States, and has been widely introduced in the west as well. The white crappie is generally deep-bodied and silvery in color, with darker vertical stripes. The dorsal fin of the white crappie has six spines. The maximum recorded length for a white crappie in 53.0 cm (21 in), with a maximum weight of almost 2.35 kg (more than 5.18 lb); it can live as long as thirty years. This species prefers slower-moving water, whether a backwater of a small creek or a large lake. Some sources say the White Crappie will overpopulate in lakes less than 1000 acres (4 km²). White Crappie often school around structure such as submerged trees. (
white crappie
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:596
FAO ASFIS:PXR
ITIS:168166
http://eol.org/pages/218001
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3368
Pomoxis annularis
Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, 1818
aspledinotus grunniens
pomoxis annularis
Pomoxis annularis
Lutjaniformes
wrasse
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:834
ITIS:170735
http://eol.org/pages/219191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2389
Labrus viridis Linnaeus, 1758
labrus viridis
Labrus viridis
hogfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:835
FAO ASFIS:LCX
ITIS:170566
http://eol.org/pages/212275
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2482
hogfish
Lachnolaimus maximus
Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792)
capitan
lachnolaimus maximus
Lachnolaimus maximus
tautog
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:843
FAO ASFIS:TAU
ITIS:170479
http://eol.org/pages/204104
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2276
Tautoga onitis
Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus, 1758)
tautoga onitis
Tautoga onitis
The flowering tree *Crateva religiosa* is native to Japan, Australia, much of Southeast Asia and several south Pacific islands. It is grown elsewhere for fruit, especially in parts of the African continent. The fruit of the tree is edible.
Damion Dooley
Crateva religiosa tree
WIKIPEDIA:Crateva_religiosa
http://langual.org
GRIN:12158
ITIS:505883
PLANTS:CRRE12
http://eol.org/pages/485000
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4464
abiyuch tree
barna
bidasi
crateva religiosa
garlic pear tree
sacred barma tree
sacred garlic pear tree
sacred garlic-pear
spider tree
temple plant
Crateva religiosa Forster f.
Crateva religiosa G. Forst.
Crateva religiosa
greasy rockcod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EPT
ITIS:167708
http://eol.org/pages/2793715
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1759
greasy grouper
Epinephelus tauvina
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus tauvina
tauvina grouper
Epinephelus tauvina
A sea cucumber that can be found from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California.
california sea cucumber
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TKG
ITIS:158344
http://eol.org/pages/597386
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2433
giant California sea cucumber
sea cucumber
Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson, 1857)
Parastichopus californicus Stimpson
cucumaria spp.
parastichopus californicus
sea slug
Apostichopus californicus
Hedge mustard (*Sisymbrium officinale*) is a plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It is found on roadsides and wasteland, and as a weed of arable land. A native of Europe and North Africa, it is now well-established throughout the world.
It is distinct from the Mustard plants which belong to the genus Brassica.
hedge mustard plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hedge_mustard
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13132
GRIN:34458
ITIS:23316
PLANTS:SIOF
http://eol.org/pages/583773
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4503
hedge mustard
hedge-mustard
sisymbrium officinale
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Sisymbrium officinale
ahipa plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11585
GRIN:26283
ITIS:506305
PLANTS:PAAH4
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4256
ajipa
ajipo
yam-bean
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) L. Parodi
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi
andean yam bean
pachyrhizus ahipa
yam bean
Pachyrhizus ahipa
goitenyo plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11587
GRIN:26290
ITIS:506306
PLANTS:PATU7
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4255
jicama
jiquima
yam-bean
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Sprengel
ajipo
amazonian yam bean
goiteño
jacatupe
nupe
pachyrhizus tuberosus
potato bean
Pachyrhizus tuberosus
pepino plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13167
GRIN:101310
ITIS:505840
PLANTS:SOMU5
http://eol.org/pages/595310
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2493
Peruvian pepino
mataserrano
melon-pear
Solanum muricatum Aiton
melon pear
melon shrub
pear melon
solanum muricatum
Solanum muricatum
royal threadfin
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:547
FAO ASFIS:PET
ITIS:170475
http://eol.org/pages/205258
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4034
Pentanemus quinquarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
pentanemus quinquarius
Pentanemus quinquarius
Anatinae
pacific sandfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TDC
ITIS:170919
http://eol.org/pages/338580
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4012
Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813)
trichodon trichodon
Trichodon trichodon
Arrowroot, any of several species of the genus *Maranta*, members of the family *Marantaceae*, the rhizomes, or rootstocks, of which yield an edible starch. The most commonly used species is *Maranta arundinacea*, the source of genuine, or West Indies, arrowroot. [https://global.britannica.com/plant/arrowroot]
arrowroot plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11088
GRIN:23393
ITIS:503694
PLANTS:MAAR3
http://eol.org/pages/1116525
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2400
Maranta arundinacea L.
maranta arundinacea
Maranta arundinacea
four-finger threadfin
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:546
FAO ASFIS:FOT
ITIS:645505
http://eol.org/pages/220322
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4033
Indian salmon
blind tassel-fish
blue salmon
blue threadfin
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)
eleutheronema tetradactylum
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Castanea
beech trees
Fagus
*Canarium pimela* is a tree species in the genus *Canarium* and the family *Burseraceae* found in Indo-China [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium_pimela]
chinese black olive plant
java-almond plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:409501
GRIN:8821
ITIS:506414
PLANTS:CAPI16
http://eol.org/pages/396430
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3390
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5027
Chinese black-olive
wu lan
Canarium pimela K. D. Koenig
Canarium pimela K.D. Koenig
Canarium pimela Koenig; syn: C. nigrum Engl.; Canarium album (Lour.) Taeusch.
Canarium pimela Konig
Canarium vulgare Leenh.
canarium pimela
canarium tramdenum
canarium vulgare
chinese olive
kenarinut-tree
Canarium pimela
*Flacourtia indica* (syn. *Flacourtia ramontchi*), known commonly as ramontchi, governor's plum, batoko plum, Madagascar plum and Indian plum, is a species of flowering plant native to much of Africa and tropical and temperate parts of Asia. *F. indica* and *F. ramontchi* are sometimes treated as separate species.
The Ramontchi fruit itself is a pome about an inch thick and red ripening purple. It is very fleshy and has 6 to 10 seeds in layered carpels. The pulp is yellow or white and sweet with an acidic tang. It is eaten raw or made into jelly or jam. It can be fermented to make wine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flacourtia_indica]
governor's plum plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9837
GRIN:17118
ITIS:502628
PLANTS:FLIN
http://eol.org/pages/487574
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2789
Madagascar plum
batoko plum
ramontchi
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Flacourtia indica (Burm. fil.) Merr.
batoka plum
flacourtia hirtiuscula
flacourtia indica
flacourtia latifolia
flacourtia ramontchi
flacourtia sepiaria
gmelina indica
indian plum
madagascar plum
Flacourtia indica
Centrophorus
gulper shark
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:57
FAO ASFIS:GUP
ITIS:160633
http://eol.org/pages/214440
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4113
gulper shark
Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
centrophorus granulosus
rough shark
Centrophorus granulosus
sandy ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJI
ITIS:564128
http://eol.org/pages/345060
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4084
sandy ray
Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838)
Raja circularis Couch 1838
leucoraja circularis
raja circularis
Leucoraja circularis
Myzopsetta
parore
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:361007
FAO ASFIS:GIY
ITIS:169518
http://eol.org/pages/1015618
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4280
luderick
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Girella tricuspidata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
black bream
blackfish
girella tricuspidata
luderick
Girella tricuspidata
Malvoideae
Bombacoideae
Brama
pacific pomfret
http://langual.org
ITIS:170289
http://eol.org/pages/207041
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3997
Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878
brama japonica
Brama japonica
Larimichthys
croceine croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LYC
ITIS:646547
http://eol.org/pages/204617
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3914
croceine croaker
large yellow croaker
Larimichthys crocea
Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846)
Larimichthys croceus (Richardson, 1846)
large yellow croaker
larimichthys crocea
Larimichthys crocea
slender sunfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1176
FAO ASFIS:RZV
ITIS:173417
http://eol.org/pages/214643
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4071
slender sunfish
Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776)
ranzania laevis
Ranzania laevis
angolan flying squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SQG
ITIS:555983
http://eol.org/pages/399986
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3699
Todarodes angolensis
Todarodes angolensis Adam, 1962
todarodes angolensis
Todarodes angolensis
wellington flying squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1413
FAO ASFIS:TSQ
ITIS:556164
http://eol.org/pages/591402
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3698
Sloane's squid
arrow squid
Nototodarus sloani (Gray, 1849)
Nototodarus sloanii
Nototodarus sloanii (Gray, 1849)
arrow squid
nototodarus sloani
Nototodarus sloanii
Neocoleoidea
Decapodiformes
Averrhoa
Archaea
Archaea
Littorinimorpha
Nepetoideae
Mentheae
bullet tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:952
FAO ASFIS:BLT
ITIS:172455
ITIS:613017
http://eol.org/pages/208081
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1930
bullet tuna
Auxis rochei
Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810)
Auxis rochei eudorax Collette and Aadland, 1996
Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810)
auxis bisus
auxis rochei
scomber rochei
Auxis rochei
Arbutoideae
Multicrustacea
anchoveta
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:VET
ITIS:551340
http://eol.org/pages/206650
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3839
Anchoveta peruana
Peruvian anchovy
anchoveta
Engraulis ringens
Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842
engraulis ringens
peruvian anchovy
Engraulis ringens
crucian carp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:314
FAO ASFIS:FCC
ITIS:163352
http://eol.org/pages/205155
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3474
crucian carp
Carassius carassius
Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758)
carassius carassius
Carassius carassius
mints
Mentha
malabar snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MAL
ITIS:168870
http://eol.org/pages/204627
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1805
Malabar blood snapper
Lutjanus malabaricus
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
lutjanus malabaricus
snapper, malabar red
Lutjanus malabaricus
narrow-barred mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:977
FAO ASFIS:COM
ITIS:172441
http://eol.org/pages/205201
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2935
narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800)
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1802)
narrow-barred king mackerel
narrow-barred spanish mackerel
scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson
Cichorieae
water roseapple plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:50068
ITIS:506166
PLANTS:SYAQ
http://eol.org/pages/2508664
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2777
Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston
Syzygium aqueum (Burman f.) Alston
eugenia aqua
jambu fruit
syzygium aqueum
water apple
water rose
Syzygium aqueum
mountain apple plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:70774
ITIS:505421
PLANTS:SYMA2
http://eol.org/pages/2508662
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2831
Malay-apple
pomerac
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry
eugenia malaccensis
jambosa malaccensis
malay apple
malaysian apple
mamiew pomerac
ohia
pinkapple
pomerac
roseapple (syzygium malaccense)
saraek pomerac
syzygium malaccense
Syzygium malaccense
star apple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8641
GRIN:10405
ITIS:23811
PLANTS:CHCA10
http://eol.org/pages/1148152
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2036
star apple
Chrysophyllum cainito L.
caimito
chrysophyllum cainito
Chrysophyllum cainito
NPAAA clade
50 kb inversion clade
porcupine fish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:DIY
ITIS:173391
http://eol.org/pages/1012692
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2714
spot-fin porcupinefish
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758
diodon hystrix
Diodon hystrix
sharptail mola
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1174
FAO ASFIS:MRW
ITIS:173419
http://eol.org/pages/205741
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2584
sharptail mola
Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard, 1840)
Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840)
mola lanceolata
Masturus lanceolatus
IRL clade
indigoferoid/millettioid clade
rough ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:JAR
ITIS:160898
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4096
rough ray
rough skate
Raja radula Delaroche, 1809
raja radula
Raja radula
blond ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJH
ITIS:160880
http://eol.org/pages/218668
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4083
blonde ray
Raja brachyura Lafont 1873
Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
raja brachyura
Raja brachyura
painted ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJE
ITIS:160882
http://eol.org/pages/1012918
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4089
small-eyed ray
Raja microocellata Montagu 1818
Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818
raja microocellata
small-eyed ray
Raja microocellata
cuckoo ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJN
ITIS:564143
http://eol.org/pages/345058
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4092
cuckoo ray
Leucoraja naevus (Müller and Henle, 1841)
Raja naevus Müller & Henle 1841
butterfly skate
leucoraja naevus
raja naevus
Leucoraja naevus
shagreen ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJF
ITIS:564134
http://eol.org/pages/345059
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4087
shagreen ray
Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja fullonica Linnaeus, 1758
leucoraja fullonica
raja fullonica
Leucoraja fullonica
sand perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PES
ITIS:167793
http://eol.org/pages/205142
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2301
sand perch
Diplectrum formosum
Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus, 1766)
diplectrum formosum
Diplectrum formosum
American quails
New World quails
Odontophoridae
blueback herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:152
FAO ASFIS:BBH
ITIS:161703
http://eol.org/pages/343491
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1852
blueback shad
Alosa aestivalis
Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814)
alosa aestivalis
blueback shad
herring, blueback
pomolobus aestivalis
Alosa aestivalis
Harengula
scaled sardine
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCG
ITIS:161755
http://eol.org/pages/983544
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2173
scaled sardine
Harengula jaguana
Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865
harengula jaguana
scaly sardine
Harengula jaguana
Brevoortia
gulf menhaden
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:162
FAO ASFIS:MHG
ITIS:161734
http://eol.org/pages/225829
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1848
Gulf menhaden
Brevoortia patronus
Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878
brevoortia patronus
menhaden, gulf
Brevoortia patronus
atlantic menhaden
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:164
FAO ASFIS:MHA
ITIS:161732
http://eol.org/pages/213696
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1849
Atlantic menhaden
mossbunker
Brevoortia tyrannus
Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802)
brevoortia tyrannus
menhaden, atlantic
Brevoortia tyrannus
Opisthonema
atlantic thread herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:184
FAO ASFIS:THA
ITIS:161748
http://eol.org/pages/213022
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1851
Atlantic thread herring
Opisthonema oglinum
Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818)
Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)
opisthonema oglinum
thread herring, atlantic
Opisthonema oglinum
Etrumeus
red-eyed round herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:177
FAO ASFIS:RRH
ITIS:161743
http://eol.org/pages/205036
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3851
red-eye round herring
round herring
Etrumeus teres
Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 1842)
Etrumeus teres De Kay, 1842
etrumeus teres
Etrumeus teres
Anchoa
bay anchovy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:207
FAO ASFIS:ANB
ITIS:161839
http://eol.org/pages/223306
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3831
bay anchovy
common anchovy
Anchoa mitchilli
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848)
anchoa mitchilli
Anchoa mitchilli
spotted bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MTT
ITIS:168161
http://eol.org/pages/205773
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4030
spotted bass
spotted blackbass
Micropterus punctulatus
Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque, 1819)
micropterus punctulatus
Micropterus punctulatus
owl limpet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LQJ
ITIS:69732
http://eol.org/pages/621237
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2357
owl limpet
Lottia gigantea
Lottia gigantea (Sowerby, 1934)
Lottia gigantea G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
giant owl limpet
limpet, giant owl
lottia gigantea
Lottia gigantea
lingcod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1080
FAO ASFIS:CLI
FDA RFE 2010:45
ITIS:167116
http://eol.org/pages/206859
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1384
Ophiodon elongatus
Ophiodon elongatus Girard 1854
Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854
ophiodon elongatus
Ophiodon elongatus
freshwater drum
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:707
FAO ASFIS:AGR
ITIS:169364
http://eol.org/pages/993240
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1796
freshwater drum
Aplodinotus grunniens
Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque 1819
Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819
aplodinotus grunniens
gaspergou
Aplodinotus grunniens
The pomegranate, *Punica granatum*, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall.
pomegranate plant
WIKIPEDIA:Punica_granatum
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12381
GRIN:30372
ITIS:27278
MANSFELD:7860
PLANTS:PUGR2
http://eol.org/pages/582971
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1162
granado
grenadier
pomegranate
shi liu
zakuro
Punica granatum L.
punica granatum
punica malus
Punica granatum
waterchestnut plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:400138
ITIS:27170
MANSFELD:4856
http://eol.org/pages/582969
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3719
water chestnut
Trapa natans L.
Trapa natans L. var. natans
caltrop
trapa natans
waternut
Trapa natans
naranjilla plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:101253
ITIS:30475
PLANTS:SOQU
http://eol.org/pages/581206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2062
lulo
naranjilla
Solanum quitoense Lam.
lulo
quito orange
solanum quitoense
Solanum quitoense
sablefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1082
FAO ASFIS:SAB
ITIS:167123
http://eol.org/pages/206154
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1437
sablefish
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1811)
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814)
anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
tangelo
Citrus x tangelo
coco plum plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8637
GRIN:10397
ITIS:25148
PLANTS:CHIC
http://eol.org/pages/629655
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2763
Chrysobalanus icaco L.
chrysobalanus
chrysobalanus elipticus
chrysobalanus icaco
chrysobalanus orbicularis
chrysobalanus purpureus
cocoplum
fat prof
icaco
Chrysobalanus icaco
painted river prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1231
FAO ASFIS:MBK
ITIS:96227
http://eol.org/pages/128503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3617
Macrobrachium carcinus
Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
bigclaw river shrimp
macrobrachium carcinus
Macrobrachium carcinus
*Prunus serotina*, commonly called black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a deciduous woody plant species belonging to the genus Prunus. The species is widespread and common in North America and South America. Black cherry is closely related to the chokecherry (*Prunus virginiana*); chokecherry, however, is classified as a shrub or small tree and has smaller, less glossy leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_serotina]
black cherry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12296
GRIN:30099
ITIS:24764
PLANTS:PRSE2
http://eol.org/pages/791911
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2479
black cherry
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
prunus serotina
wild black cherry
Prunus serotina
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12395
GRIN:30474
ITIS:25295
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
http://eol.org/pages/414311
pear
Pyrus communis L.
pyrus communis
Pyrus communis
bramble
Rubus
emperor snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LUB
ITIS:168894
http://eol.org/pages/217110
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1931
emperor red snapper
Lutjanus sebae
Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816)
lutjanus sebae
Lutjanus sebae
magnoliids
Magnoliidae
southern tanner crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CVB
ITIS:98429
http://eol.org/pages/313720
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1182
Chionoecetes bairdi
Chionoecetes bairdi M. J. Rathbun, 1924
Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1924
chionoecetes bairdi
tanner crab
Chionoecetes bairdi
canistel plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:12193
GRIN:102607
ITIS:23830
PLANTS:POCA23
http://eol.org/pages/1152194
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3393
canistel
eggfruit-tree
yellow sapote
Pouteria campechiana (HBK.) Baenhi; this species includes former Lacuma nervosa A.DC. and L. salicifolia HBK.
Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni
egg-fruit tree
pouteria campechiana
yellow sapote
Pouteria campechiana
mamey sapote plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12194
GRIN:1303
ITIS:23836
PLANTS:POSA13
http://eol.org/pages/1151976
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4238
mammee sapote
marmalade-plum
sapote
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn
pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota
rue family
Rutaceae
soapberry family
Sapindaceae
*Viburnum edule*, the squashberry, mooseberry, pembina, pimbina, highbush cranberry, lowbush cranberry or moosomin in Cree language, is a small shrub species.
squashberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Viburnum_edule
http://langual.org
GRIN:41348
ITIS:35261
PLANTS:VIED
http://eol.org/pages/490019
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4478
mooseberry
squashberry
Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.
highbush cranberry
lowbush cranberry
mooseberry
moosomin
pembina
pimbina
viburnum edule
Viburnum edule
smelt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:542
FAO ASFIS:AHH
ITIS:166023
http://eol.org/pages/206989
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3821
Mediterranean sand smelt
Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758
atherina hepsetus
mediterranean sandsmelt
sand-smelt
silverside
Atherina hepsetus
atlantic silverside
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:545
FAO ASFIS:SSA
ITIS:165994
http://eol.org/pages/205984
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3823
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Menidia menidia (Linnaeus, 1766)
menidia menidia
Menidia menidia
northern anchovy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:217
FAO ASFIS:NPA
ITIS:161828
http://eol.org/pages/207207
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1855
northern anchovy
Engraulis mordax
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1856
anchovy, northern
californian anchoveta
engraulis mordax
north pacific anchovy
Engraulis mordax
pond smelt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:264
FAO ASFIS:PSM
ITIS:162031
http://eol.org/pages/220325
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2870
Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1811)
Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814)
hypomesus olidus
Hypomesus olidus
eulachon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:272
FAO ASFIS:EUL
ITIS:162051
http://eol.org/pages/216656
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2654
eulachon
Thaleichthys pacificus
Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836)
thaleichthys pacificus
Thaleichthys pacificus
atlantic giant cockle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:DKR
ITIS:80913
http://eol.org/pages/449039
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3650
Dinocardium robustum
Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786)
dinocardium robustum
giant atlantic cockle
Dinocardium robustum
The greenbone or butterfish, *Odax pullus*, a cale of the genus *Odax*, is found around New Zealand.
new zealand butterfish
WIKIPEDIA:Greenbone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OXP
ITIS:614973
http://eol.org/pages/222798
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4289
greenbone
Odax pullus
Odax pullus (Forster 1801)
Odax pullus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
butterfish
greenbone
odax pullus
Odax pullus
Apioideae
apioid superclade
Scandiceae
Apieae
Scandicinae
spot-tail spiny turbot
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1098
FAO ASFIS:SOT
ITIS:616137
http://eol.org/pages/988103
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4040
spottail spiny turbot
Psettodes belcheri
Psettodes belcheri Bennett, 1831
psettodes belcheri
spottettail turbot
Psettodes belcheri
gafftopsail catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BEM
ITIS:164159
http://eol.org/pages/204171
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2174
gafftopsail sea catfish
Bagre marinus
Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815)
bagre marinus
Bagre marinus
smooth oreo dory
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SSO
ITIS:625280
http://eol.org/pages/213217
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2579
Pseudocyttus maculatus
Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906
Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist, 1906
oreo dory, smooth
pseudocyttus maculatus
Pseudocyttus maculatus
goose barnacle
http://langual.org
ITIS:89566
http://eol.org/pages/1020447
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3552
Lepas anserifera Linnaeus, 1758
lepas anserifera
Lepas anserifera
bilimbi plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7882
GRIN:6157
ITIS:506370
PLANTS:AVBI
http://eol.org/pages/483572
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2513
Averrhoa bilimbi L.
averrhoa bilimbi
blimbing
cucumber tree
tree sorrel
Averrhoa bilimbi
lookdown dory
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ZCT
ITIS:625276
http://eol.org/pages/219069
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2903
Cyttus traversi Hutton, 1872
cyttus traversi
Cyttus traversi
warty dory
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ALL
ITIS:166306
http://eol.org/pages/211947
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4079
Allocyttus verrucosus (Gilchrist, 1906)
allocyttus verrucosus
Allocyttus verrucosus
italian cornsalad plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13751
GRIN:41091
ITIS:506066
PLANTS:VAER2
http://eol.org/pages/484990
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4327
italian corn salad
valerianella eriocarpa
Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.
Valerianella eriocarpa
eben tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:310587
ITIS:506419
PLANTS:DAED
http://eol.org/pages/483480
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2768
Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam
Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam
bush buttertree
bushbutter
dacryodes edulis
pachylobus edulis
Dacryodes edulis
Lycium
Physalis
queensland school mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:987
FAO ASFIS:QUM
ITIS:172447
http://eol.org/pages/222539
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3985
Queensland school mackerel
Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943
scomberomorus queenslandicus
Scomberomorus queenslandicus
australian spotted mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:984
FAO ASFIS:ASM
ITIS:202047
http://eol.org/pages/206787
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3982
Australian spotted mackerel
Scomberomorus munroi Colette and Russo, 1980
Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo 1980
Scomberomorus munroi Collette and Russo, 1980
scomberomorus munroi
Scomberomorus munroi
broad-barred king mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:989
FAO ASFIS:BBM
ITIS:172448
http://eol.org/pages/205209
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3987
broadbarred king mackerel
Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)
Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1884)
scomberomorus semifasciatus
Scomberomorus semifasciatus
hoki
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GRN
ITIS:623193
http://eol.org/pages/212898
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1838
blue grenadier
Macruronus novaezelandiae
Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector 1871)
Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector, 1871)
macruronus novaezelandiae
Macruronus novaezelandiae
morid cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RIB
ITIS:164687
http://eol.org/pages/214998
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2892
Mora moro
Mora moro (Risso, 1810)
common mora
mora moro
pseudophycis breviusculus
Mora moro
argentine anchovy
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:212
FAO ASFIS:ANA
ITIS:551338
http://eol.org/pages/207205
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1554
Argentine anchovy
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini, 1935
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini, 1935
anchoa engraulis
engraulis anchoita
Engraulis anchoita
madder family
Rubiaceae
sword razor
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1392
FAO ASFIS:EQI
ITIS:81026
http://eol.org/pages/448706
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4144
Ensis siliqua
Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758)
ensis siliqua
Ensis siliqua
margin jackknife
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1396
FAO ASFIS:RAE
ITIS:81018
http://eol.org/pages/448701
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2716
Solen marginatus
Solen marginatus (Pulteney, 1799)
Solen vagina Linnaeus, 1758
european razor clam
grooved razor
razor clam
solen marginatus
solen vagina
Solen marginatus
roughscale flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CDJ
ITIS:172864
http://eol.org/pages/212956
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2000
roughscale sole
Clidoderma asperrimum
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
clidoderma asperrimum
Clidoderma asperrimum
Aloe
amur pike
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AMU
ITIS:623349
http://eol.org/pages/1015234
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3500
Amur pike
Esox reichertii Dybowski, 1869
blackspotted pike
esox reichertii
Esox reichertii
canestrini's goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1047
ITIS:171984
http://eol.org/pages/223790
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3930
Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Ninni, 1883)
pomatoschistus canestrinii
Ninnigobius canestrinii
barberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7987
GRIN:6992
ITIS:18837
MANSFELD:25732
PLANTS:BEVU
http://eol.org/pages/596556
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2492
European barberry
common barberry
Berberis vulgaris L.
berberis vulgaris
Berberis vulgaris
akee plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8051
GRIN:7271
ITIS:506071
PLANTS:BLSA2
http://eol.org/pages/483850
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1690
ackee
akee
aki
Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig
Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig
Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig
Blighia sapida Koenig
ackee
blighia sapida
Blighia sapida
Atractoscion
white seabass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:711
FAO ASFIS:WEW
ITIS:169387
http://eol.org/pages/137943
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1187
white weakfish
Atractoscion nobilis
Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860)
atractoscion nobilis
cynoscion nobilis
Atractoscion nobilis
deepbody thread herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:183
FAO ASFIS:THP
ITIS:161750
http://eol.org/pages/222131
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1980
Pacific thread herring
Opisthonema libertate
Opisthonema libertate (Günther 1867)
Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)
opisthonema libertate
opisthonema oblieri
Opisthonema libertate
brasilian guava plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12336
GRIN:30208
ITIS:506172
MANSFELD:12292
PLANTS:PSGU3
http://eol.org/pages/2508601
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2958
Brazilian guava
Guinea guava
Psidium guineense Sw.
psidium guineense
Psidium guineense
An evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae.
Syzygium cumini plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13407
GRIN:36128
ITIS:505419
PLANTS:SYCU
http://eol.org/pages/2508660
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1651
Java-plum
black plum (syzyguim)
eugenia jambolana
jaman
jambol
jambolan
jambolan plant
jambolan plum
jambul
java plum
syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Syzygium cumini
java apple plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13410
GRIN:312990
ITIS:506170
PLANTS:SYSA3
http://eol.org/pages/2508668
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3395
Java-apple
makopa
wax jambu
Eugenia javanica Lam; Syn: Syzigium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry
eugenia javanica
syzygium samarangense
Syzygium samarangense
longfin smelt
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OSY
ITIS:162049
http://eol.org/pages/205330
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1310
longfin smelt
Spirinchus thaleichthys
Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres 1860)
Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860)
osmerus thaleichthys
spirinchus thaleichthys
Spirinchus thaleichthys
otaheite gooseberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11881
GRIN:28113
ITIS:28366
PLANTS:PHAC3
http://eol.org/pages/1153259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2360
Otaheite gooseberry
cela usiri
cerejeira-do-Taiti
grosellero
jumbilin
sour gooseberry
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels
mayom
phyllanthus acidus
Phyllanthus acidus
greek rudd
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:357
ITIS:690020
http://eol.org/pages/994590
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3870
Scardinius graecus (Stephanidis, 1937)
Scardinius graecus Stephanidis, 1937
scardinius graecus
Scardinius graecus
grooved tanner crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:98431
http://eol.org/pages/1037977
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2223
Chionoecetes tanneri
Chionoecetes tanneri M. J. Rathbun, 1893
chionoecetes tanneri
Chionoecetes tanneri
angel shark
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:67
FAO ASFIS:AGN
ITIS:160788
http://eol.org/pages/212965
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4119
angelshark
Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
angelfish
monkfish
squatina squatina
Squatina squatina
blood snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:168871
http://eol.org/pages/217109
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2256
bloodred snapper
humphead snapper
Lutjanus sanguineus
Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
lutjanus sanguineus
scarlet snapper
Lutjanus sanguineus
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name perennial wall-rocket. This plant is native to Europe and Western Asia. It can be found throughout much of the temperate world where it has naturalized. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplotaxis_tenuifolia]
perennial wallrocket plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9330
GRIN:316651
ITIS:502098
MANSFELD:23755
PLANTS:DITE4
http://eol.org/pages/487913
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3737
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.
diplotaxis tenuifolia
lincoln's-weed
sand mustard
sand rocket
wall rocket
Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Whippomorpha
*Enteroctopus dofleini*, also known as the giant Pacific octopus or North Pacific giant octopus, is a large cephalopod belonging to the genus *Enteroctopus*.
giant pacific octopus
WIKIPEDIA:Enteroctopus_dofleini
http://langual.org
ITIS:557227
http://eol.org/pages/486386
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4484
North Pacific giant octopus
giant octopus
Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
enteroctopus dofleini
north pacific giant octopus
Enteroctopus dofleini
prairie rose plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32081
ITIS:24815
PLANTS:ROAR3
http://eol.org/pages/631611
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4520
Rosa arkansana Porter
arkansas rose
prairie rose
prairie wildrose
rosa arkansana
rosa pratincola
wild rose
Rosa suffulta
ribworts
Plantago
GRIN:400470
PLANTS:ELCOA
African finger millet
eleusine coracana ssp. africana
osgras
Eleusine coracana ssp. africana (Kennedy & O'Byrne) Hilu & de Wet
Eleusine coracana subsp. africana
Marjoram (*Origanum majorana*) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus *Origanum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjoram]
sweet marjoram plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11506
GRIN:25912
ITIS:32631
MANSFELD:16210
PLANTS:ORMA
http://eol.org/pages/579365
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1609
sweet marjoram
Origanum majorana L.
marjoram
marjoram, sweet
origanum majorana
sweet marjoram
Origanum majorana
Scurvy-grass (*Cochlearia* species; a.k.a. Scurvy grass, Scurvygrass, or Spoonwort) is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial herbs in the cabbage family *Brassicaceae*. They are widely distributed in temperate and arctic areas of the northern hemisphere, most commonly found in coastal regions, on cliff-tops and salt marshes where their high tolerance of salt enables them to avoid competition from larger, but less salt-tolerant plants; they also occur in alpine habitats in mountains and tundra.
Scurvy-grass was extensively eaten in the past by sailors suffering from scurvy after returning from long voyages, as the leaves are rich in vitamin C, which cures this deficiency disease resulting from a lack of fresh vegetables in the diet. The leaves, which have a strong peppery taste similar to the related horseradish and watercress, are also sometimes used in salads.
scurvy-grass plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cochlearia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8761
GRIN:11010
ITIS:22816
MANSFELD:23616
PLANTS:COOF4
http://eol.org/pages/584102
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2945
scurvy-grass
spoonwort
Cochlearia officinalis L.
cochlearia officinalis
scurvygrass
spoonwort
Cochlearia officinalis
pumpkin-seed
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:593
FAO ASFIS:LEJ
ITIS:168144
http://eol.org/pages/995125
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4029
pumpkinseed
pumpkinseed sunfish
Lepomis gibbosus
Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lepomis gibbosus
Lepomis gibbosus
skilfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ESZ
ITIS:167125
http://eol.org/pages/994967
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1807
Erilepis zonifer
Erilepis zonifer (Lockington, 1880)
erilepis zonifer
Erilepis zonifer
kahawai
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:675
FAO ASFIS:ASA
ITIS:168827
http://eol.org/pages/204113
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2237
Australian salmon
Arripis trutta
Arripis trutta (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Arripis trutta (Forster, 1801)
Arripis trutta (Schneider, 1801)
arripis trutta
australian salmon
Arripis trutta
Citrus
giant gourami
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1034
FAO ASFIS:FGG
ITIS:638762
http://eol.org/pages/206862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3942
giant gourami
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801
Osphronemus goramy Lacépède, 1801
osphronemus goramy
Osphronemus goramy
Bembrops
pacific jack mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:664
FAO ASFIS:PJM
ITIS:168586
http://eol.org/pages/210305
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3954
Pacific jack mackerel
Trachurus symmetricus
Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)
trachurus symmetricus
Trachurus symmetricus
green-back horse mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:657
FAO ASFIS:HMG
ITIS:168596
http://eol.org/pages/210303
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3956
greenback horse mackerel
Trachurus declivis
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841 )
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)
greenback scad
trachurus declivis
Trachurus declivis
The yellowtail horse mackerel, *Trachurus novaezelandiae*, is a jack in the family *Carangidae* found around Australia and New Zealand at depths of up to 500 m. Its length is up to 50 cm.
The yellowtail horse mackerel is very similar to the greenback horse mackerel but has 68 to 73 lateral line scutes, compared with 76 to 82 for the greenback horse mackerel.
yellowtail horse mackerel
WIKIPEDIA:Trachurus_novaezelandiae
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:337003
FAO ASFIS:TUZ
ITIS:642029
http://eol.org/pages/206046
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4300
yellowtail horse mackerel
Trachurus novaezelandiae
Trachurus novaezelandiae (Richardson 1843)
Trachurus novaezelandiae Richardson, 1843
trachurus novaezelandiae
Trachurus novaezelandiae
john's snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJH
ITIS:168885
http://eol.org/pages/215845
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2313
John's snapper
Lutjanus johnii
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792)
blackspot snapper
lutjanus johnii
plainscaled snapper
thailand snapper
Lutjanus johnii
blue king crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCI
ITIS:97936
http://eol.org/pages/1021293
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2210
blue king crab
Paralithodes platypus
Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850
paralithodes platypus
Paralithodes platypus
kuruma prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1206
FAO ASFIS:KUP
ITIS:551588
http://eol.org/pages/1022155
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3494
Marsupenaeus japonicus
Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888)
Penaeus japonicus Bate, 1888
japanese tiger shrimp
kuruma shrimp
marsupenaeus japonicus
penaeus canaliculatus japonicus
penaeus japonicus
Penaeus japonicus
Serraninae
pintadilla
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:849
FAO ASFIS:HAW
ITIS:645626
http://eol.org/pages/1004126
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3993
Cheilodactylus variegatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833
Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833
cheilodactylus variegatus
Cheilodactylus variegatus
spotted ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJM
ITIS:160883
http://eol.org/pages/211505
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4091
spotted ray
Raja montagui Fowler, 1910
homelyn ray
raja montagui
Raja montagui
Eukaryota
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
Eukaryota
Bovinae
The bowhead whale (*Balaena mysticetus*) is a baleen whale of the right whale family *Balaenidae*, in suborder *Mysticeti* and genus *Balaena*. It lives entirely in fertile Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, unlike other whales that migrate to feed or reproduce to low latitude waters. It was also known as Greenland right whale or Arctic whale. American whalemen called it the steeple-top, polar whale, or Russia or Russian whale.
bowhead whale
WIKIPEDIA:Balaena_mysticetus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1468
FAO ASFIS:BMY
ITIS:180533
MSW3:14300005
http://eol.org/pages/328577
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4488
Greenland right whale
bowhead
bowhead whale
Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758
arctic right whale
balaena mysticetus
black right whale
bowhead whale
great polar whale
greenland right whale
Balaena mysticetus
european sardine
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:187
FAO ASFIS:PIL
ITIS:161813
http://eol.org/pages/213922
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1853
sardine
Sardina pilchardus
Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)
european pilchard
european sardine
sardina pilchardus
sardine
Sardina pilchardus
gudgeon
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:327
FAO ASFIS:GOG
ITIS:163658
http://eol.org/pages/207392
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2705
gudgeon
Gobio gobio (Berg 1949)
Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758)
gobio gobio
Gobio gobio
Micropterus
The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a carnivorous freshwater gamefish in the Centrarchidae (sunfish) family.
largemouth bass
American Fisheries Society
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:595
FAO ASFIS:MPS
ITIS:168160
http://eol.org/pages/223475
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2182
Florida bass
Florida largemouth
Green trout
Micropterus salmoides
Oswego bass
Potter's fish
bigmouth bass
black bass
bucketmouth
gilsdorf bass
green bass
large mouth bass
largemouth bass
largemouth blackbass
largies
northern largemouth
southern largemouth
widemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)
Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1801)
black bass
micropterus salmoides
Micropterus salmoides
tench
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:358
FAO ASFIS:FTE
ITIS:163348
http://eol.org/pages/210300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1906
tench
Tinca tinca
Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
tinca tinca
Tinca tinca
snake mackerels
Gempylidae
cutlassfishes
Trichiuridae
sanddab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1125
FAO ASFIS:DAB
ITIS:172881
http://eol.org/pages/993992
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2649
common dab
dab
Limanda limanda
Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)
Limanda limanda Linnaeus, 1758
common dab
dab
dab, common
limanda limanda
Limanda limanda
Coregonus
searobins
Triglidae
hawksbill turtle
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TTH
ITIS:173836
http://eol.org/pages/455968
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3466
hawksbill sea turtle
hawksbill turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766)
carey
eretmochelys imbricata
eretmochelys imbricate
hawksbill
Eretmochelys imbricata
iceland scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1345
FAO ASFIS:ISC
ITIS:79619
http://eol.org/pages/449763
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1947
Chlamys islandica
Chlamys islandica (Muller, 1776)
Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776)
chlamys islandica
Chlamys islandica
allis shad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:153
FAO ASFIS:ASD
ITIS:161708
http://eol.org/pages/225607
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3863
allis shad
Alosa alosa
Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
alewife
allice shad
alosa alosa
alosa vulgaris
clupea alosa
rock herring
Alosa alosa
Myoida
white-mouth croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CKM
ITIS:169285
http://eol.org/pages/213345
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3910
whitemouth croaker
Micropogonias furnieri
Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)
micropoginias furnieri
Micropogonias furnieri
Menticirrhus
southern kingfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:724
FAO ASFIS:KGB
ITIS:169274
http://eol.org/pages/994838
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3901
Carolina whiting
king whiting
southern kingcroaker
southern kingfish
Menticirrhus americanus
Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
menticirrhus americanus
Menticirrhus americanus
gulf kingfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:725
FAO ASFIS:KGG
ITIS:169275
http://eol.org/pages/994839
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3902
Gulf kingcroaker
Gulf kingfish
Gulf whiting
channel mullet
Menticirrhus littoralis
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook 1855)
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847)
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1855)
gulf kingcroaker
menticirrhus littoralis
Menticirrhus littoralis
Squaliformes
Sander
sauger
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:611
FAO ASFIS:SZC
ITIS:650171
http://eol.org/pages/211301
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1670
sauger
Sander canadensis
Sander canadensis (Griffith & Smith 1834)
Sander canadensis (Griffith and Smith, 1834)
Stizostedion canadense (Smith, 1836)
canadian pike
stizostedion canadense
Sander canadensis
Damion Dooley
pike perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:612
FAO ASFIS:FPP
ITIS:650172
http://eol.org/pages/222787
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1399
pike-perch
pike-perch
pikeperch
sander lucioperca
stizostedion lucioperca
Sander lucioperca
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sander lucioperca
A freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the Northern United States.
walleye pike
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:613
FAO ASFIS:STV
ITIS:650173
http://eol.org/pages/211303
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1398
sander vitreus
stizostedion vitreum
stizostedion vitreum vitreum
walleye
walleye
yellow pike
Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818)
Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill, 1818)
Sander vitreus
paradise apple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11052
GRIN:23261
ITIS:25262
PLANTS:MAPU
http://eol.org/pages/629943
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3346
paradise apple
ping guo
Malus pumila Mill.
Malus pumila P. Mill.
malus pumila
malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana
malus sylvestris var. niedzwetskyana
malus sylvestris var. paradisiaca
Malus pumila
spinycheek crayfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1269
FAO ASFIS:ORL
ITIS:97423
http://eol.org/pages/344149
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4141
spinycheek crayfish
Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
orconectes limosus
Faxonius limosus
Sardinops
chilean pilchard
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:198
FAO ASFIS:CHP
ITIS:161729
http://eol.org/pages/338628
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2192
South American pilchard
pacific sardine
peruvian sardine
sardinops sagax
sardinops sagax sagax
south american sardine
Sardinops sagax
Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)
Sardinops sagax de Buen, 1958
Sardinops sagax
Aroideae
malanga
ocumo
pomtajer
tania
yautia
yautia blanco
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
rat-tail anchovy
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:210
FAO ASFIS:RAA
ITIS:551439
http://eol.org/pages/357148
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3834
Osbeck's grenadier anchovy
phoenix-tailed anchovy
Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coilia mystus
osbeck's grenadier anchovy
Coilia mystus
Alcidae
black guillemot
http://langual.org
ITIS:176985
http://eol.org/pages/1049817
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3508
Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus, 1758)
cepphus grylle
guillemot
Cepphus grylle
Fratercula
The Atlantic Puffin (*Fratercula arctica*) is a seabird species in the auk family. It is a pelagic bird that feeds primarily by diving for fish, but also eats other sea creatures, such as squid and crustaceans. Its most obvious characteristic during the breeding season is its brightly coloured bill. Also known as the Common Puffin, it is the only puffin species which is found in the Atlantic Ocean. The curious appearance of the bird, with its large colourful bill and its striking piebald plumage, has given rise to nicknames such as '"clown of the ocean" and "sea parrot".
atlantic puffin
WIKIPEDIA:Atlantic_Puffin
http://langual.org
ITIS:177025
http://eol.org/pages/1049938
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4294
Atlantic puffin
Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)
fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica
The Horned Puffin (*Fratercula corniculata*) is an auk, similar in appearance to the Atlantic Puffin; this bird's bill is yellow at the base and red at the tip. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often with other auks.
horned puffin
WIKIPEDIA:Horned_Puffin
http://langual.org
ITIS:177029
http://eol.org/pages/1049960
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4295
Fratercula corniculata (Naumann, 1821)
fratercula corniculata
Fratercula corniculata
common snook
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:555
FAO ASFIS:SNO
ITIS:167648
http://eol.org/pages/205157
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1825
common snook
Centropomus undecimalis
Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)
centropomus undecimalis
Centropomus undecimalis
armoured lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFT
ITIS:552932
http://eol.org/pages/324950
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3588
Metanephrops armatus Chan & Yu, 1991
Metanephrops armatus Chan and Yu, 1991
metanephrops armatus
Metanephrops armatus
european beech plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9762
GRIN:16557
ITIS:502590
PLANTS:FASY
http://eol.org/pages/1143547
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4248
European beech
Fagus sylvatica L.
fagus sylvatica
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *EUROPEAN BEECH [B4248]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Fagus sylvatica
carambola tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7883
GRIN:6158
ITIS:506371
MANSFELD:11132
PLANTS:AVCA
http://eol.org/pages/483574
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1686
Averrhoa carambola L.
averrhoa carambola
star fruit tree
Averrhoa carambola
*Semecarpus anacardium* is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.It is known as bhallatak in India and was called "marking nut" by Europeans, because it was used by washermen to mark cloth and clothing before washing, as it imparted a water insoluble mark to the cloth. It is also known as ker beeja in Kannada and bibba in Marathi.
oriental cashew plant
WIKIPEDIA:Semecarpus_anacardium
http://langual.org
GRIN:33598
ITIS:506459
PLANTS:SEAN7
http://eol.org/pages/483492
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2517
Semecarpus anacardium L. f.
markingnut tree
semecarpus anacardium
Semecarpus anacardium
blue shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNS
ITIS:551681
http://eol.org/pages/1021452
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2233
blue shrimp
Litopenaeus stylirostris
Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874)
Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson 1874
litopenaeus stylirostris
pacific blue shrimp
penaeus stylirostris
Penaeus stylirostris
pacific snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LWP
FDA RFE 2010:32
ITIS:168897
http://eol.org/pages/221882
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2149
Pacific red snapper
Lutjanus peru
Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922)
Lutjanus peru (Nichols and Murphy, 1922)
lutjanus peru
pacific red snapper
Lutjanus peru
brown rock shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1239
FAO ASFIS:RSH
ITIS:96028
http://eol.org/pages/342178
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1098
Sicyonia brevirostris
Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1871
Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1874
sicyonia brevirostris
Sicyonia brevirostris
The polar bear (*Ursus maritimus*) is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size. Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet.
polar bear
WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_maritimus
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BPL
ITIS:180542
MSW3:14000987
http://eol.org/pages/328580
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4469
polar bear
white bear
Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774
ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus
shiba shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1195
FAO ASFIS:SHI
ITIS:95829
http://eol.org/pages/343596
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3622
Metapenaeus joyneri (Miers, 1880)
metapenaeus joyneri
Metapenaeus joyneri
Paullinia
paulinia plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:27035
ITIS:28694
PLANTS:PAPI4
http://eol.org/pages/595739
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2813
timbo
Paullinia pinnata L.
barbasco
bread and cheese
paullinia pinnata
Paullinia pinnata
milkfish and others
Gonorynchiformes
milkfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:226
FAO ASFIS:MIL
FDA RFE 2010:11
ITIS:162838
http://eol.org/pages/224731
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1909
milkfish
Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
chanos chanos
Chanos chanos
nile perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:558
FAO ASFIS:NIP
ITIS:167670
http://eol.org/pages/204767
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1935
Nile perch
Lates niloticus
Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lake victoria perch
lates niloticus
Lates niloticus
spotted chub mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:971
FAO ASFIS:MAA
ITIS:172415
http://eol.org/pages/206783
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1926
blue mackerel
slimy mackerel
southern mackerel
spotted mackerel
Scomber australasicus
Scomber australasicus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1831
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832
scomber antarcticus
scomber australasicus
scomber tapeinocephalus
Scomber australasicus
european smelt
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:268
FAO ASFIS:SME
ITIS:162039
http://eol.org/pages/204828
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3498
European smelt
Osmerus eperlanus
Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Osmerus eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758
osmerus eperlanus
Osmerus eperlanus
Micropogonias
atlantic croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:730
FAO ASFIS:CKA
ITIS:169283
http://eol.org/pages/994841
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1795
Atlantic croaker
Micropogonias undulatus
Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
croaker, atlantic
micropogonias undulatus
Micropogonias undulatus
mediterranean mussel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1361
FAO ASFIS:MSM
ITIS:79456
http://eol.org/pages/449961
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3655
Mediterranean mussel
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819
mytilus galloprovincialis
Mytilus galloprovincialis
The Pacific oyster, Japanese oyster, or Miyagi oyster (*Magallana gigas*) (previously *Crassostrea gigas*), is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia. It has become an introduced species in North America, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_oyster]
pacific giant oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1331
FAO ASFIS:OYG
ITIS:79868
http://eol.org/pages/451579
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1979
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)
crassostrea angulata
crassostrea gigas
magallana gigas
pacific cupped oyster
pacific oyster
portuguese cupped oyster
portuguese oyster
Crassostrea gigas
queen conch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:COO
ITIS:72558
http://eol.org/pages/455238
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3668
pink conch
queen conch
Strombus gigas
Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758
strombus gigas
Strombus gigas
grass shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PVV
ITIS:96391
http://eol.org/pages/1021526
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2480
Palaemonetes vulgaris
Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say, 1818)
common american prawn
common grass shrimp
marsh grass shrimp
marsh shrimp
palaemonetes vulgaris
Palaemon vulgaris
Pennyroyal refers to two plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*. The European pennyroyal, *Mentha pulegium*, (also called Squaw Mint, Mosquito Plant, and Pudding Grass), is a plant in the mint genus, within the family *Lamiaceae*. Crushed Pennyroyal leaves exhibit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint. Pennyroyal is a traditional culinary herb, folk remedy, and abortifacient. The essential oil of pennyroyal is used in aromatherapy, and is also high in pulegone, a highly toxic volatile organic compound affecting liver and uterine function.
european pennyroyal plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11152
GRIN:24079
ITIS:32270
PLANTS:MEPU
http://eol.org/pages/579696
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4341
pennyroyoal
Mentha pulegium L.
mentha pulegium
pennyroyal
Mentha pulegium
weathervane scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SCG
ITIS:79757
http://eol.org/pages/449725
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4384
Patinopecten caurinus
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould 1850)
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould, 1850)
patinopecten caurinus
Patinopecten caurinus
*Phyllanthus emblica* (syn. *Emblica officinalis*), the Indian gooseberry ... is a deciduous tree of the family *Phyllanthaceae*. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name.
indian gooseberry tree
WIKIPEDIA:Phyllanthus_emblica
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11883
GRIN:28119
ITIS:504352
PLANTS:PHEM2
http://eol.org/pages/1153040
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4530
Indian-gooseberry
amla
emblic
Phyllanthus emblica L.
aonla
emblic
emblic myrobalan
indian-gooseberry
phyllanthus emblica
Phyllanthus emblica
yellow guinea yam plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:14189
ITIS:506485
MANSFELD:18799
PLANTS:DICA25
http://eol.org/pages/1121127
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3399
Lagos yam
twelve-months yam
yellow Guinea yam
yellow yam
Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.
twelve-months yam
yellow yam
Dioscorea cayennensis
Spearmint (binomial *Mentha spicata*, synonym *Mentha viridis*), also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of mint native to much of Europe and Asia (Middle East, Himalayas, China etc.), and naturalized in parts of northern and western Africa, North America, and South America, as well as various oceanic islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearmint]
spearmint plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11154
GRIN:24082
ITIS:32272
MANSFELD:16164
PLANTS:MESP3
http://eol.org/pages/579697
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1434
spearmint
Mentha spicata L.
Mentha spicata L. emend L.
mentha spicata
mentha viridis
Mentha spicata
arugula plant
http://langual.org
2021-02-10T23:17:07Z
DPNL 2003:9597
GRIN:15697
MANSFELD:24173
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2474
arugula
garden rocket
Eruca sativa Mill.
Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) Thellung
arugula
eruca sativa
eruca vesicaria sativa
rocket-salad
rugula
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
wine grape
Vitis vinifera
mango plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11082
GRIN:23351
ITIS:28803
MANSFELD:28253
PLANTS:MAIN3
http://eol.org/pages/582270
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1270
mango
Mangifera indica L.
indian mango
mangifera indica
Mangifera indica
cart-track plant
common plantain
white-man's-foot
Plantago major
kegani crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HBZ
ITIS:98665
http://eol.org/pages/128603
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1961
Erimacrus isenbeckii
Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt, 1848)
erimacrus isenbeckii
hair crab
Erimacrus isenbeckii
Cancroidea
dungeness crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1275
FAO ASFIS:DUN
ITIS:98675
http://eol.org/pages/328221
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1180
Dungeness crab
Cancer magister
Cancer magister Dana, 1852
cancer magister
Metacarcinus magister
*Canarium album* produces a fruit - sometimes called an "olive" or "white olive", but no relation to Olea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium_album]
chinese white olive plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:8810
ITIS:506411
PLANTS:CAAL31
http://eol.org/pages/483517
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4529
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5028
Chinese white-olive
Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.
Canarium album (Lour.) Rausch.
canarium album
Canarium album
narrowfruit cornsalad plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13750
GRIN:316856
ITIS:35390
PLANTS:VADE3
http://eol.org/pages/467518
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4328
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich
valerianella dentata
Valerianella dentata
A small, well-branched tree or shrub from the family Annonaceae that bears edible fruits called sugar-apples or sweetsops. It tolerates a tropical lowland climate better than its relatives Annona reticulata and Annona cherimola, helping make it the most widely cultivated of these species.
Damion Dooley
sweetsop plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7540
GRIN:3503
ITIS:18100
MANSFELD:28762
PLANTS:ANSQ
http://eol.org/pages/1054831
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1477
annona squamosa
ata
custard-apple
seet sop
sugar apple
sugar-apple
sweetsop
Annona squamosa L.
Annona squamosa
pond apple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7537
GRIN:3484
ITIS:18101
MANSFELD:28730
PLANTS:ANGL4
http://eol.org/pages/1054891
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2939
alligator-apple
palo boboInOwlInOwl
pond-apple
Annona glabra L.
Annona glabra
Annona reticulata is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the plant family Annonaceae, native to south and central america. It is best known for its fruit, called custard apple, a common name it shares with fruits of several other species in the same genus.
custard apple tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7539
GRIN:3498
ITIS:18099
MANSFELD:28755
PLANTS:ANRE
http://eol.org/pages/1054845
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1689
anona corazon
bullock's-heart
maman
Annona reticulata L.
annona reticulata
bullock's heart
corazon
jamaica apple
Annona reticulata
Mytilinae
A large fish found predominantly in the Southern Ocean, but found in northern hemisphere waters during certain times of the year.
yellowtail
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:651
FAO ASFIS:YTC
FDA RFE 2010:81
ITIS:168695
http://eol.org/pages/206800
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1534
california yellowtail
great amberjack
seriola lalandei
yellowtail amberjack
yellowtail amberjack
yellowtail fish
yellowtail jack
Seriola lalandei
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833
Seriola lalandi
Ranoidea
bandtail puffer
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:173300
http://eol.org/pages/215481
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2271
bandtail puffer
Sphoeroides spengleri
Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785)
sphoeroides spengleri
Sphoeroides spengleri
sandsmelt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:543
FAO ASFIS:ATP
ITIS:166025
http://eol.org/pages/340190
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3822
sand smelt
Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829
atherina presbyter
Atherina presbyter
carribean reef shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:160336
http://eol.org/pages/845614
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3530
Caribbean reef shark
reef shark
Carcharhinus perezii
Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876)
carcharhinus perezii
Carcharhinus perezii
night shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CCS
ITIS:160413
http://eol.org/pages/203973
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3528
night shark
Carcharhinus signatus
Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868)
carcharhinus signatus
Carcharhinus signatus
atlantic angel shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SUD
ITIS:160787
http://eol.org/pages/206815
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3520
sand devil
Squatina dumeril
Squatina dumeril Lesueur, 1818
atlantic angelshark
monkfish
nurse fish
sand devil
squatina dumeril
Squatina dumeril
The tomatillo (*Physalis philadelphica*), also known as the Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical and green or green-purple fruit of the same name.
mexican ground cherry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102411
ITIS:504374
PLANTS:PHPH2
http://eol.org/pages/4437
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2015
Mexican groundcherry
Physalis philadelphica Lam.
jamberry
mexican groundcherry
mexican husk tomato
physalis ixocarpa
physalis philadelphica
tomatillo
Physalis philadelphica
The obscure snakehead, *Parachanna obscura*, is a medium-sized carnivorous fish that has an elongated shape tapered on both ends and is covered in medium circular scales (cycloid). The head, resembling a snake, is long and depressed anteriorly and covered with cycloid scales slightly larger than those scales on the body. This species is found in central Africa along the western coastline from as far north as Senegal to as far south as Zaire and into central Africa into southwest Sudan. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscure_snakehead]
snakehead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:642606
http://eol.org/pages/204348
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2308
Parachanna obscura
Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861)
ophicephalus obscurus
parachanna obscura
snake-head
Parachanna obscura
shearwaters and petrels
Procellariidae
Fulmarus
The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant sea bird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Fulmars come in one of two color morphs: a light one which is almost entirely white, and a dark one which is uniformly gray. Though similar in appearance to gulls, fulmars are in fact members of the *Procellariidae* family, which include petrels and shearwaters. It and the southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialodes*) together comprise the only extant species in the genus Fulmarus.
northern fulmar
WIKIPEDIA:Northern_fulmar
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FNO
ITIS:174536
http://eol.org/pages/1047350
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4566
Northern fulmar
Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)
arctic fulmar
fulmarus glacialis
Fulmarus glacialis
hardnose skates
Rajidae
ground sharks
Carcharhiniformes
leopard shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:56
FAO ASFIS:LES
ITIS:160448
http://eol.org/pages/218711
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4111
leopard shark
Triakis semifasciata
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1854
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855
triakis semifasciata
Triakis semifasciata
Lamniformes
sand tiger shark
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CCT
ITIS:159888
http://eol.org/pages/206680
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2718
sand tiger
sand tiger shark
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810
carcharias taurus
odontaspis taurus
sand shark
Carcharias taurus
The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired humped domestic bovine found in Tibet and throughout the Himalayan region of south central Asia. In Tibetan, the word yak refers only to the male of the species; a female is a dri or nak. In English, however, yak is usually used for both sexes. Wild yaks (Bos mutus) stand about two meters tall at the shoulder. Domestic yaks are about half that height. Both types have long shaggy hair to insulate them from the cold. Wild yaks can be either brown or black. Domesticated ones can also be white. Both males and females have horns. The word Yak is also used to describe an irritating or disagreeable individual.
yak
WIKIPEDIA:Yak
http://langual.org
ITIS:183840
MSW3:14200680
http://eol.org/pages/328700
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3365
domestic yak
yak
Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766
bos grunniens
grunting ox
Bos grunniens
fallow deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:552472
MSW3:14200389
http://eol.org/pages/313992
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4159
Texas fallow deer
Texas fallow deers
fallow deer
Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dama dama Linnaeus, 1758
dama dama
Dama dama
Little Millet (*Panicum sumatrense*, Syn.: *Panicum miliare* auct. non Lam.) is a species of millet in the family *Poaceae*.
little millet plant
WIKIPEDIA:Panicum_sumatrense
http://langual.org
GRIN:103520
ITIS:506649
PLANTS:PASU34
http://eol.org/pages/1115581
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4318
Panicum sumatrense Roth
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roemer & Schultes
panicum sumatrense
Panicum sumatrense
brownspotted rockcod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EFH
ITIS:643197
http://eol.org/pages/224316
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2694
brown spotted reef cod
brownspotted grouper
Epinephelus chlorostigma
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)
epinephelus chlorostigma
Epinephelus chlorostigma
wild custard apple plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:3501
ITIS:506201
PLANTS:ANSE16
http://eol.org/pages/1054183
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2762
wild custard-apple
Annona senegalensis Pers.
annona chrysophylla
annona porpetac
annona senegalensis
annona senegalensis var. latifolia
annona senegalensis var. porpetac
wild bullock's heart
wild soursop
Annona senegalensis
california bay shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GQF
ITIS:97114
http://eol.org/pages/1021223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3637
California bay shrimp
Crangon franciscorum
Crangon franciscorum Stimpson, 1856
california shrimp
crangon franciscorum
Crangon franciscorum
Pacific herring
Clupea pallasii
Cyprinoidei
morid cod
morid cods
Moridae
*Opuntia polyacantha* is a common species of cactus known by the common names plains pricklypear, hairspine cactus, panhandle pricklypear, and starvation pricklypear. It is native to North America, where it is widespread in western Canada, the central and western United States, and northern Mexico.
plains pricklypear plant
WIKIPEDIA:Opuntia_polyacantha
http://langual.org
GRIN:314437
ITIS:19726
PLANTS:OPPO
http://eol.org/pages/592880
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4492
hairspine cactus
opuntia polyacantha
panhandle pricklypear
plains prickly pear
plains pricklypear
starvation prickle
starvation pricklypear
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Opuntia polyacantha
striped shore crab
http://langual.org
ITIS:99048
http://eol.org/pages/317367
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2221
Pachygrapsus crassipes J. W. Randall, 1840
lined shore crab
pachygrapsus crassipes
Pachygrapsus crassipes
bonnetmouths
grunts
Haemulidae
fusiliers
snappers
Lutjanidae
goatfishes
Mullidae
croakers
drums
Sciaenidae
sea basses
Serranidae
snakeheads
Channidae
threadfins
Polynemidae
chinese banyan plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:429040
ITIS:565194
PLANTS:FITH2
http://eol.org/pages/20701892
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2824
Ficus thonningii Blume
ficus bongoensis
ficus dekdekena
ficus sassandrensis
ficus spragueana
ficus thonning
ficus thonningii
small figtree
Ficus thonningii
Pleuronectoidei
Hippoglossoides
flathead sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1117
FAO ASFIS:FTS
ITIS:172875
http://eol.org/pages/206714
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1871
flathead sole
Hippoglossoides elassodon
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
hippoglossoides elassodon
sole, flathead
Hippoglossoides elassodon
soles
Soleidae
capelin
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:266
FAO ASFIS:CAP
ITIS:162035
http://eol.org/pages/205084
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1903
capelin
Mallotus villosus
Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)
mallotus villosus
Mallotus villosus
cutthroat trout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:249
FAO ASFIS:ONC
ITIS:161983
http://eol.org/pages/212910
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2869
cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson 1836)
Oncorhynchus clarkii
Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836)
Salmo clarki Richardson, 1836
oncorhynchus clarki
salmo clarki
Oncorhynchus clarkii
sablefishes
Anoplopomatidae
Pangasianodon
mekong giant catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNG
ITIS:681698
http://eol.org/pages/848907
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3686
Mekong giant catfish
giant catfish
Pangasius gigas
Pangasius gigas (Chevey, 1931)
giant catfish
pangasius gigas
Pangasianodon gigas
sea catfishes
Ariidae
pufferfishes and others
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontoidei
molas
Molidae
sutchi catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGS
ITIS:639954
http://eol.org/pages/570181
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3685
Sutchi catfish
Thailand catfish
iridescent shark-catfish
striped catfish
Pangasius hypophthalmus
Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
pangasius hypophthalmus
striped catfish
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
dories and others
Zeiformes
oreos
Oreosomatidae
Argopecten
bay scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1344
FAO ASFIS:SCB
ITIS:79737
http://eol.org/pages/451516
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2459
bay scallop
Argopecten irradians
Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819)
argopecten irradians
Argopecten irradians
common periwinkle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PEE
ITIS:70419
http://eol.org/pages/619396
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2717
Littorina littorea
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)
littorina littorea
periwinkle, common
Littorina littorea
Laurasiatheria
Euarchontoglires
Euarchontoglires
Rodents and rabbits
Glires
black ruff
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1030
FAO ASFIS:CEO
ITIS:172520
http://eol.org/pages/205156
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2895
blackfish
Centrolophus niger
Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788)
Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789)
centrolophus niger
Centrolophus niger
Seriolella
white warehou
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SEU
ITIS:642977
http://eol.org/pages/217245
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2894
white warehou
Seriolella caerulea Guichenot, 1848
seriolella caerulea
Seriolella caerulea
blue warehou
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SEM
ITIS:172531
http://eol.org/pages/1012799
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2304
common warehou
Seriolella brama
Seriolella brama (Günther, 1860)
seriolella brama
travelle
Seriolella brama
silverfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SEP
ITIS:172534
http://eol.org/pages/1012800
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2488
silver warehou
Seriolella punctata
Seriolella punctata (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Seriolella punctata (Forster, 1801)
polysteganus argyrosomus
seriolella maculata
seriolella punctata
silver warehou
Seriolella punctata
Nematalosa
pink spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1255
FAO ASFIS:PSL
ITIS:552966
http://eol.org/pages/324107
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3613
Palinurus mauritanicus
Palinurus mauritanicus Gruvel, 1911
palinurus mauritanicus
Palinurus mauritanicus
amarillo snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:681
FAO ASFIS:HUS
ITIS:168851
http://eol.org/pages/221723
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1801
yellow snapper
Lutjanus argentiventris
Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869)
lutjanus argentiventris
snapper, amarillo
Lutjanus argentiventris
oxeye oreo
http://langual.org
ITIS:625294
http://eol.org/pages/222462
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4078
Allocyttus folletti Myers, 1960
allocyttus folletti
Allocyttus folletti
basketweave cusk-eel
http://langual.org
ITIS:164856
http://eol.org/pages/205861
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3884
basketweave cusk-eel
Ophidion scrippsae (Hubbs, 1916)
ophidion scrippsae
Ophidion scrippsae
california halibut
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YSF
ITIS:172743
http://eol.org/pages/217375
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1882
California flounder
Paralichthys californicus
Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859)
halibut, california
paralichthys californicus
Paralichthys californicus
shortfin corvina
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YNP
ITIS:169251
http://eol.org/pages/1012533
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2153
shortfin weakfish
Cynoscion parvipinnis
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres 1861
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres, 1861
cynoscion parvipinnis
Cynoscion parvipinnis
white croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:721
FAO ASFIS:KIC
ITIS:169257
http://eol.org/pages/222012
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2281
white croaker
Genyonemus lineatus
Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)
croaker, white
genyonemus lineatus
Genyonemus lineatus
california corbina
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MED
ITIS:169280
http://eol.org/pages/995161
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1933
California corbina
California kingcroaker
Menticirrhus undulatus
Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard 1854)
Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard, 1854)
menticirrhus undulatus
Menticirrhus undulatus
slender tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SLT
ITIS:172460
http://eol.org/pages/224134
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2891
slender tuna
Allothunnus fallai
Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948
allothunnus fallai
Allothunnus fallai
bighead goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1046
ITIS:172071
http://eol.org/pages/356813
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3935
bighead goby
Neogobius kessleri (Günther, 1861)
neogobius kessleri
Ponticola kessleri
japanese spanish mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:985
FAO ASFIS:NPH
ITIS:172446
http://eol.org/pages/205207
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3983
Japanese Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus niphonius
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1831)
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832)
scomberomorus niphonius
Scomberomorus niphonius
strawberry raspberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12669
GRIN:32354
ITIS:504856
PLANTS:RUIL
http://eol.org/pages/239134
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4269
Rubus illecebrosus Focke
rubus illecebrosus
Rubus sorbifolius
The pecan, *Carya illinoinensis*, is a species of hickory, native to south-central North America, in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracruz, in the United States from southern Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Indiana east to western Kentucky, southwestern Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and western Tennessee, south through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Florida, and west into New Mexico.
"Pecan" is from an Algonquian word, meaning a nut requiring a stone to crack. In Mexico, pecans and walnuts share the same Spanish name, nuez, which is a cognate of the English word nut.
pecan tree
WIKIPEDIA:Pecan
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8402
GRIN:9253
ITIS:19234
MANSFELD:11946
PLANTS:CAIL2
http://eol.org/pages/594985
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1320
pecan
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch
carya illinoinensis
carya pecan
pecan nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupaceous nut) index both *PECAN [B1320]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms).
Carya illinoinensis
loquat plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9581
GRIN:15602
ITIS:502403
MANSFELD:8991
PLANTS:ERJA3
http://eol.org/pages/628975
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1244
loquat
ErioboInOwltrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
erioboInOwltrya japonica
japanese medlar
japanese plum (erioboInOwltrya)
Eriobotrya japonica
lesser yam plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:14204
ITIS:502073
MANSFELD:18717
PLANTS:DIES2
http://eol.org/pages/1121044
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3327
Asiatic yam
gan shu
lesser yam
Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill
asiatic yam
chinese sweet potato
chinese yam
dioscorea esculenta
Dioscorea esculenta
teleost fishes
Teleostei
Ostariophysi
Elopomorpha
Tetrapoda
tetrapods
tetrapods
Tetrapoda
Amniota
amniotes
amniotes
Amniota
diapsids
Sauria
mexican flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:172776
http://eol.org/pages/206641
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2285
Mexican flounder
Cyclopsetta chittendeni
Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895
cyclopsetta chittendeni
Cyclopsetta chittendeni
ginkgo tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10032
GRIN:17540
ITIS:183269
PLANTS:GIBI2
http://eol.org/pages/1156278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1260
ginkgo
ginkgo biloba
maidenhair tree
Ginkgo biloba L.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the ginkgo fruit (nut) index both *GINGKO [B1260]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Ginkgo biloba
A Rocotillo pepper (*Capsicum baccatum*) is a type of chile pepper that originated in Peru. Unripe rocotillos are green or yellow, but the color at maturity varies. Common colors are red, orange or brown. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocotillo_pepper]
rocotillo pepper plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:8907
ITIS:510075
PLANTS:CABA29
http://eol.org/pages/8761714
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2562
Capsicum baccatum L.
bishop's crown
capsicum baccatum
pepper, rocotillo
Capsicum baccatum
chinese lantern plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102387
ITIS:30589
MANSFELD:5594
PLANTS:PHAL5
http://eol.org/pages/581063
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2955
Chinese-lantern
Japanese lantern
winter-cherry
Physalis alkekengi L.
Alkekengi officinarum
Cress (*Lepidium sativum*), sometimes referred to as garden cress to distinguish it from similar plants also referred to as cress (from old Germanic cresso which means sharp, spicy), is a rather fast-growing, edible herb. Garden cress is genetically related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma. In some regions, garden cress is known as mustard and cress, garden pepper cress, pepperwort, pepper grass, or poor man's pepper.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_cress]
garden cress plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10762
GRIN:21769
ITIS:22978
MANSFELD:23709
PLANTS:LESA2
http://eol.org/pages/585527
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2270
Lepidium sativum L.
garden pepper cress
lepidium sativum
peppergrass
pepperwort
poor man's pepper
Lepidium sativum
*Papaver rhoeas* is a species of flowering plant in the family *Papaveraceae*. It has a variety of common names, including the Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Flanders Poppy, or Red Poppy, one of the many species and genera named poppy. The four petals are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. Its seed is a moderately useful commodity, used in bread dough, for example, and to decorate bread. The red petals are used to make syrups and alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks. Red poppy syrup is a traditional beverage of Mediterranean regions. [Wikipedia]
corn poppy plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11623
GRIN:26703
ITIS:18893
PLANTS:PARH2
http://eol.org/pages/596241
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3709
Flanders poppy
field poppy
Papaver rhoeas L.
common poppy
coquelicot
field poppy
flanders poppy
papaver rhoeas
shirley poppy
Papaver rhoeas
*Phaseolus acutifolius*, the Tepary bean, is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico and has been grown there by the native peoples since pre-Columbian times. It is more drought-resistant than the common bean (*Phaseolus vulgaris*) and is grown in desert and semi-desert conditions from Arizona through Mexico to Costa Rica.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_acutifolius]
tepary plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:27549
ITIS:26840
PLANTS:PHAC
PLANTS:PHACA2
PLANTS:PHACL
PLANTS:PHACT
http://eol.org/pages/640456
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3402
tepary bean
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. acutifolius
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. tenuifolius A. Gray
Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, var. latifolius Freem.
escomite
pavi
pawi
phaseolus acutifolius
tepari
yori mui
yori muni
yorimuni
Phaseolus acutifolius
Pinidae
Opisthokonta
Opisthokonta
Bilateria
Bilateria
Protostomia
Taraxacum kok-saghyz
roseapple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13408
GRIN:50070
ITIS:505420
MANSFELD:12364
PLANTS:SYJA
http://eol.org/pages/2508661
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2020
Malabar-plum
jambos
rose-apple
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
eugenia jambos
jaman
jambos
jamrosade
jamrose
malabar plum
pomarosa
syzygium jambos
Syzygium jambos
Pinus pinea has been cultivated extensively for at least 6,000 years for the edible pine nuts. These have been trade items since early historic times. This cultivation throughout the Mediterranean region for so long that it has naturalized and is often considered native beyond its natural range.
stone pine tree
WIKIPEDIA:Stone_pine
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11981
GRIN:28527
ITIS:506604
MANSFELD:10031
PLANTS:PIPI7
http://eol.org/pages/999491
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1596
italian stone pine
parasol pine
pignolia-nut pine
stone pine
Pinus pinea L.
pignolia
pine nut
pino nut
pinon
pinon nut
pinus pinea
umbrella pine
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the stone pine fruit (seed) index both *STONE PINE [B1596]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms).
Pinus pinea
antarctic cutlerfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BWA
ITIS:172514
http://eol.org/pages/219609
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2671
Antarctic butterfish
Hyperoglyphe antarctica
Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1819)
hyperoglyphe antarctica
Hyperoglyphe antarctica
short mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:963
FAO ASFIS:RAB
ITIS:172463
http://eol.org/pages/208603
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3976
short mackerel
Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1850)
Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851)
rastrelliger brachysoma
Rastrelliger brachysoma
australian bonito
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:967
FAO ASFIS:BAU
ITIS:202018
http://eol.org/pages/208606
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3972
Australian bonito
Sarda australis
Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880)
Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881)
sarda australis
Sarda australis
silver moonfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MOU
ITIS:169467
http://eol.org/pages/206099
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1995
silver moony
Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
monodactylus argenteus
Monodactylus argenteus
southern meagre
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:354001
CEC 1993:708
FAO ASFIS:KOB
ITIS:646511
http://eol.org/pages/213034
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4308
Madagascar meagre
Argyrosomus hololepidotus
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1801)
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacépède, 1801)
Argyrosomus hololepidotus Lacépède, 1802
madagascar meagre
Argyrosomus hololepidotus
yellow croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CRY
FDA RFE 2010:26
ITIS:646548
http://eol.org/pages/210576
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2487
yellow croaker
Larimichthys polyactis
Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877)
larimichthys polyactis
little yellow croaker
pseudosciaena manchurica
redlip croaker
Larimichthys polyactis
african weakfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:710
FAO ASFIS:AWE
ITIS:169389
http://eol.org/pages/203945
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3907
geelbeck croaker
Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830)
atractoscion aequidens
atractoscion atelodus
Atractoscion aequidens
groper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:578
FAO ASFIS:WHA
ITIS:167915
http://eol.org/pages/205262
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1989
Polyprion oxygeneios
Polyprion oxygeneios (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider & Forster, 1801)
Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
polyprion oxygeneios
Polyprion oxygeneios
bluefin searobin
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1069
FAO ASFIS:KUG
ITIS:167052
http://eol.org/pages/211548
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2249
bluefin gurnard
red gurnard
Chelidonichthys kumu
Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)
Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson, 1829)
chelidonichthys kumu
Chelidonichthys kumu
red rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166844
http://eol.org/pages/216476
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2900
New Zealand red rock cod
New Zealand scorpionfish
red rock cod
red scorpion-cod
Scorpaena cardinalis
Scorpaena cardinalis Solander and Richardson in Richardson, 1842
scorpaena cardinalis
Scorpaena cardinalis
Etmopterus
leaf-scale gulper shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:58
FAO ASFIS:GUQ
ITIS:160635
http://eol.org/pages/223207
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4114
leafscale gulper shark
Centrophorus squamosus
Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre 1788)
Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
catshark
centrophorus squamosus
Centrophorus squamosus
spotted estuary smooth-hound
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MTL
ITIS:160258
http://eol.org/pages/2775242
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3513
spotted estuary smooth-hound
Mustelus lenticulatus
Mustelus lenticulatus Phillipps, 1932
lemonfish
mustelus lenticulatus
rig
Mustelus lenticulatus
shortnose spurdog
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:66
FAO ASFIS:DOP
ITIS:160628
http://eol.org/pages/215099
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4118
Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881)
squalus megalops
Squalus megalops
deuterostomes
Deuterostomia
The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (*Balaenoptera bonaerensis*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whale. Although first scientifically described in the mid-19th century, it wasn't recognized as a distinct species until the 1990s. Once ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it is now one of the mainstays of the whaling industry alongside its cosmopolitan counterpart the common minke. It is the most abundant baleen whale in the world, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. It is primarily restricted to the Southern Hemisphere (although vagrants have been reported in the North Atlantic) and feeds mainly on euphausiids.
antarctic minke whale
WIKIPEDIA:Antarctic_minke_whale
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BFW
ITIS:612592
MSW3:14300013
http://eol.org/pages/1053500
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4573
Antarctic minke whale
Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867
balaenoptera bonaerensis
southern minke whale
Balaenoptera bonaerensis
angiosperms
flowering plants
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
spanish plum plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13279
GRIN:35337
ITIS:28817
MANSFELD:28353
PLANTS:SPPU
http://eol.org/pages/582278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2964
jocote
ovo
purple mombin
red mombin
Spondias purpurea L.
hog-plum
purple mombin
red mombin
spondias purpurea
Spondias purpurea
Round lime (*Citrus australis*), also known as Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree of a height of up to 12m. It grows in the Beenleigh area, Queensland, Australia.
australian round lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Round_lime
http://langual.org
GRIN:24248
ITIS:506394
PLANTS:MIAU5
http://eol.org/pages/483562
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4304
Australian lime
dooja
Microcitrus australis (A. Cunn. ex Mudie) Swingle
Microcitrus australis (Planch.) Swingle
Microcitrus australis (Planchon) Swingle
australian lime
citrus australis
microcitrus australis
native lime
Citrus australis
*Aloe vera* is a species of succulent plant that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from *Aloe vera* are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties.
Aloe vera is a plant species of the genus Aloe.
barbados aloe plant
WIKIPEDIA:Aloe_vera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7384
GRIN:311403
ITIS:182653
PLANTS:ALVE2
http://eol.org/pages/1085598
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2348
Barbados aloe
acibar
aloe-vera
babosa
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.
Aloë vera (L.) Burm. fil.
aloe barbadensis
aloe vera
aloë vera
Aloe vera
Peppermint (*Mentha × piperita*, also known as *Mentha balsamea* Wild.) is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppermint]
peppermint plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11157
GRIN:24078
ITIS:32275
MANSFELD:16122
PLANTS:MEPI
http://eol.org/pages/579698
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1449
peppermint
Mentha X piperita L. (pro. sp.)
Mentha x piperita L.
Mentha ×piperita L. (pro sp.)
mentha piperita
mentha x piperita
Mentha x piperita
garden orach plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7860
GRIN:6017
ITIS:20538
MANSFELD:553
PLANTS:ATHO
http://eol.org/pages/586486
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2751
Atriplex hortensis L.
atriplex hortensis
mountain spinach
orach
Atriplex hortensis
levant cotton plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10082
GRIN:17915
ITIS:506096
MANSFELD:13708
http://eol.org/pages/483662
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3738
Arabian cotton
Gossypium herbaceum L.
arabian cotton
gossypium herbaceum
maltese cotton
short-staple cotton
syrian cotton
Gossypium herbaceum
Laurales
laurel family
Lauraceae
avocado
Persea americana
marsh marigold plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8266
GRIN:8657
ITIS:18454
PLANTS:CAPA5
http://eol.org/pages/596646
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3414
Caltha palustris L.
caltha palustris
cowflock
cowslip
Caltha palustris
calico clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KSM
ITIS:81578
http://eol.org/pages/440075
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2319
Macrocallista maculata
Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
macrocallista maculata
Macrocallista maculata
Oegopsina
*Katharina tunicata* (Wood, 1815) is commonly known as the Black Katy chiton, Black Leather chiton, Black chiton, or Leather chiton. Capable of growing up to 12 cm, the animal is generally described as being football-shaped with a black leathery girdle in which are embedded eight protective plates. The parts of the plates that are visible are sometimes (but not always) diamond-shaped in outline. The underside of the animal is dull orange or yellow.
black katy chiton
WIKIPEDIA:Katharina_tunicata
http://langual.org
ITIS:78979
http://eol.org/pages/450283
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4477
black chiton
Katharina tunicata (W. Wood, 1815)
black chiton
black leather chiton
gumboots
katharina tunicata
leather chiton
leathery chiton
Katharina tunicata
Papaver
opium poppy plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11624
GRIN:406377
ITIS:18894
PLANTS:PASO2
http://eol.org/pages/594796
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3710
opium poppy
opium poppy
papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum L.
Papaver somniferum
*Senna obtusifolia *(Chinese senna, American sicklepod or sicklepod) is a legume in the genus Senna, sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Diallobus. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places.
The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called "kawal" which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute.
The plant's seeds are a commercial source of cassia gum, a food additive usually used as a thickener and named for the Chinese Senna's former placement in the genus Cassia. Roasted and ground, the seeds have also been used as a substitute for coffee. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_obtusifolia]
java-bean plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:100044
ITIS:505165
PLANTS:SEOB4
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4190
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby
Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby
senna obtusifolia
Senna obtusifolia
Alosa
american shad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:159
FAO ASFIS:SHA
ITIS:161702
http://eol.org/pages/205467
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1147
American shad
Alosa sapidissima
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)
alosa sapidissima
Alosa sapidissima
alewife
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:158
FAO ASFIS:ALE
ITIS:161706
http://eol.org/pages/205466
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1402
alewife
Alosa pseudoharengus
Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811)
alosa pseudoharengus
pomolobus pseudoharengus
river herring
Alosa pseudoharengus
giant stargazer
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:STZ
ITIS:171064
http://eol.org/pages/220079
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2877
Kathetostoma giganteum
Kathetostoma giganteum Haast, 1873
kathetostoma giganteum
Kathetostoma giganteum
The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish.
Damion Dooley
dolphinfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:673
FAO ASFIS:DOL
FDA RFE 2010:13
ITIS:168791
http://eol.org/pages/356300
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1917
common dolphinfish
coryphaena hippurus
dolphin fish
dorado
mahi
mahi mahi
mahi mahi fish
Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
Coryphaena hippurus
Morone
striped bass
American Fisheries Society
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:590
FAO ASFIS:STB
ITIS:167680
http://eol.org/pages/211032
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2181
striped bass
striped sea-bass
Morone saxatilis
Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)
morone saxatilis
Morone saxatilis
american plaice
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1118
FAO ASFIS:PLA
ITIS:172877
http://eol.org/pages/211041
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1862
American plaice
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780)
hippoglossoides platessoides
plaice, american
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Glyptocephalus
gray sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1114
FAO ASFIS:WIT
FDA RFE 2010:19
ITIS:172873
http://eol.org/pages/216879
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1867
greysole
witch
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
glyptocephalus cynoglossus
sole, gray
witch flounder
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Sebastes
hemp plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8322
GRIN:8862
ITIS:19109
PLANTS:CASA3
http://eol.org/pages/594919
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2323
Cannabis sativa L.
cannabis sativa
marihuana plant
Cannabis sativa
mediterranean ling
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:455
FAO ASFIS:BVM
ITIS:623033
http://eol.org/pages/220820
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3875
Molva dipterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
Molva macrophthalma
Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque 1810)
Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
molva dipterygia macrophthalma
molva macrophthalma
spanish ling
Molva macrophthalma
chamois
http://langual.org
ITIS:625159
http://eol.org/pages/331073
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2698
chamois
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758)
rupicapra rupicapra
Rupicapra rupicapra
mulberry family
Moraceae
large-bottom pollan
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:234
FAO ASFIS:CIQ
ITIS:161936
http://eol.org/pages/994758
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4055
broad whitefish
broad whitefish
coregonus nasus
Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776)
Coregonus nasus
houting
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:235
FAO ASFIS:HOU
ITIS:161955
http://eol.org/pages/994186
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4056
houting
Coregonus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coregonus oxyrinchus
Coregonus oxyrinchus
Cervinae
Artocarpus
The Steller sea lion (*Eumetopias jubatus*) also known as the northern sea lion and Steller's sea lion, is a near threatened species of sea lion in the northern Pacific.
steller sea lion
WIKIPEDIA:Eumetopias_jubatus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1424
FAO ASFIS:SSL
ITIS:180625
MSW3:14001011
http://eol.org/pages/328617
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4497
Steller sea lion
northern sea lion
Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber 1776)
Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)
Eumetopias jubatus Schreber, 1776
eumetopias jubatus
northern sea lion
Eumetopias jubatus
The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae).
jackfruit tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7743
GRIN:70095
ITIS:184183
MANSFELD:12606
PLANTS:ARHE2
http://eol.org/pages/596411
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1545
jack tree
jackfruit
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
artocarpus heterophyllus
artocarpus integrifolius
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Prunus avium x cerasus x canescens
Prunus avium x P. cerasus x P. canescens
Ficus
fig trees
figs
Ficus <eudicots>
australian anchovy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:213
ITIS:161834
http://eol.org/pages/205026
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3835
Australian anchovy
Engraulis australis
Engraulis australis (Shaw, 1790)
Engraulis australis (White, 1790)
engraulis australis
Engraulis australis
fig plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9805
GRIN:16801
ITIS:19093
MANSFELD:12757
PLANTS:FICA
http://eol.org/pages/594632
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1302
common fig
Ficus carica L.
common fig
edible fig
ficus carica
Ficus carica
african striped grunt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:700
FAO ASFIS:GRA
ITIS:630262
http://eol.org/pages/221261
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3948
African striped grunt
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes 1833)
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes, 1833)
parapristipoma octolineatum
Parapristipoma octolineatum
Plectorhinchus
Pseudocaranx
white trevally
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:644
FAO ASFIS:TRZ
ITIS:168641
http://eol.org/pages/211642
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2238
hard-tail jack
Pseudocaranx dentex
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
pseudocaranx dentex
Pseudocaranx dentex
atlantic pomfret
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:671
FAO ASFIS:POA
ITIS:170290
http://eol.org/pages/203869
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1929
Atlantic pomfret
Brama brama
Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788)
black sea bream
brama brama
brama raji
bream, black sea
pomfret, atlantic
ray's bream
Brama brama
angola dentex
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:762
FAO ASFIS:DEA
ITIS:647934
http://eol.org/pages/206644
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4000
Angola dentex
Dentex angolensis Poll & Maul, 1953
Dentex angolensis Poll and Maul, 1953
dentex angolensis
Dentex angolensis
bigeye cardinalfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:603
FAO ASFIS:EPI
ITIS:168298
http://eol.org/pages/994787
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2885
black cardinal fish
Epigonus telescopus
Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810)
epigonus telescopus
Epigonus telescopus
Morus
mulberries
mulberry trees
Morus <eudicots>
white mulberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11260
GRIN:24607
ITIS:19066
MANSFELD:12894
PLANTS:MOAL
http://eol.org/pages/594885
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2954
white mulberry
Morus alba L.
morus alba
Morus alba
nettle family
Urticaceae
Stinging nettle or common nettle, *Urtica dioica*, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant, native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, and is the best-known member of the nettle genus *Urtica*. The plant has many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on its leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals. The plant has a long history of use as a medicine and as a food source.
nettle plant
WIKIPEDIA:Urtica_dioica
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13725
GRIN:40944
ITIS:19152
MANSFELD:7662
PLANTS:URDI
http://eol.org/pages/595063
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1674
great nettle
stinging nettle
Urtica dioica L.
stinging nettle
urtica spp.
Urtica dioica
Fagales
beech family
Fagaceae
Caryophyllales
Pecora
scup
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:800
FAO ASFIS:SCP
ITIS:169182
http://eol.org/pages/212966
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2399
scup
Stenotomus chrysops
Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus, 1766)
stenotomus chrysops
Stenotomus chrysops
Chenopodium
*Chenopodium album* is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus *Chenopodium*.
Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot and fat-hen, though the latter two are also applied to other species of the genus Chenopodium, for which reason it is often distinguished as white goosefoot.It is sometimes also called pigweed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_album]
lamb's quarter plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8593
GRIN:10178
ITIS:20592
PLANTS:CHAL7
http://eol.org/pages/587522
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1681
lamb's quarter
lamb's-quarters
lambsquarters
pigweed
white goosefoot
Chenopodium album L.
chenopodium album
fat-hen
goosefoot, white
melde
pigweed
white goosefoot
Chenopodium album
*Salsola soda*, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle, or Barilla Plant, is a small (to 0.7 m tall), annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin. It is a halophyte (a salt-tolerant plant) that typically grows in coastal regions and can be irrigated with salt water. The Italian name agretti is commonly used in English to refer to the edible leaves of *Salsola soda*.
agretti plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_soda
http://langual.org
GRIN:32815
ITIS:504989
PLANTS:SASO3
http://eol.org/pages/485330
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4330
su da zhu mao cai
Salsola soda L.
barilla plant
opposite leaved saltwort
oppositeleaf russian thistle
salsola soda
Salsola soda
A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems.
spinach plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13251
GRIN:35256
ITIS:20709
MANSFELD:485
PLANTS:SPOL
http://eol.org/pages/582002
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1420
Spinacea oleracea
spinach
Spinacia oleracea L.
spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea
*Allium fistulosum*, the Welsh onion, is a species of perennial plant very similar in taste and odor to the related common onion, *Allium cepa*, and hybrids between the two (tree onions) exist. A. fistulosum, however, does not develop bulbs, and possesses hollow leaves (fistulosum means "hollow") and scapes. Larger varieties of the *A. fistulosum* resemble the leek, such as the Japanese negi, whilst smaller varieties resemble chives. *A. fistulosum* can multiply by forming perennial evergreen clumps. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_fistulosum]
Damion Dooley
welsh onion plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7316
GRIN:2276
ITIS:185463
MANSFELD:126
PLANTS:ALFI4
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2418
Japanese bunching onion
Japanese bunching onion plant
Welsh onion
allium fistulosum
bunching onion plant
japanese bunching onion plant
long green onion plant
scallion plant
spanish onion plant
spring onion plant
Allium fistulosum L.
Allium fistulosum
malabar nightshade plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7927
GRIN:6531
ITIS:192210
MANSFELD:25776
PLANTS:BAAL2
http://eol.org/pages/594519
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1150
Ceylon spinach
Ceylon-spinach
basella alba
buffalo spinach
ceylon spinach
climbing spinach
creeping spinach
indian spinach
malabar spinach
red vine spinach
vine spinach
Basella alba L.
Basella alba
BEP clade
BOP clade
cactus family
Cactaceae
Vitis
onderdonk grape plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:311851
ITIS:28607
PLANTS:VIAE
http://eol.org/pages/582343
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2124
Vitis aestivalis Michx.
onderdonk grape
summer grape
vitis aestivalis
Vitis aestivalis
painted sweetlips
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:PKP
ITIS:630214
http://eol.org/pages/210376
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2566
trout sweetlips
Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936)
Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1936)
diagramma pictum
mother-in-law fish
plectorhinchus pictus
plectorhynchus pictus
thicklip bream
Plectorhinchus pictus
urugavian lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MFS
ITIS:552940
http://eol.org/pages/324944
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3597
Metanephrops rubellus
Metanephrops rubellus (Moreira, 1903)
metanephrops rubellus
urugayian lobster
Metanephrops rubellus
red-banded lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MFH
ITIS:552944
http://eol.org/pages/344964
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3601
Metanephrops thomsoni
Metanephrops thomsoni (Bate, 1888)
metanephrops thomsoni
Metanephrops thomsoni
tuberculate abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1313
FAO ASFIS:HLT
ITIS:69508
http://eol.org/pages/620404
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3535
green ormer
Haliotis tuberculata
Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758
haliotis tuberculata
tube abalone
Haliotis tuberculata
buckwheat family
Polygonaceae
buckwheat plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9759
GRIN:16528
ITIS:502589
MANSFELD:9680
PLANTS:FAES2
http://eol.org/pages/487699
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1405
common buckwheat
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
fagopyrum esculentum
fagopyrum sagittatum
Fagopyrum esculentum
Rumex
vendace
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:227
FAO ASFIS:FVE
ITIS:161963
http://eol.org/pages/223193
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2369
vendace
Coregonus albula
Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758)
coregonus albula
Coregonus albula
lake herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:229
FAO ASFIS:CIS
ITIS:623384
http://eol.org/pages/225402
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1118
cisco
Coregonus artedi
Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818
Coregonus artedii Lesueur, 1818
chub
cisco
coregonus artedii
lake cisco
lakefish
tullibee
Coregonus artedi
Thymallus
grayling
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:262
FAO ASFIS:TLV
ITIS:162022
http://eol.org/pages/204590
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2711
grayling
Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
thymallus thymallus
Thymallus thymallus
Rheum
Rhubarb (*Rheum rhabarbarum*) is a species of plant in the family *Polygonaceae*. In culinary use, fresh raw leaf stalks (petioles) are crisp (similar to celery, although they do not share the same family) with a strong, tart taste. Although rhubarb is not a true fruit, in the kitchen it is usually prepared as if it were. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarb]
garden rhubarb plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12484
GRIN:311395
ITIS:504747
PLANTS:RHRH2
http://eol.org/pages/485576
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4228
garden rhubarb
rhubarb
Rheum rhabarbarum L.
rheum rhabarbarum
Rheum rhabarbarum
Trachurus
Atlantic horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
bogue
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:757
FAO ASFIS:BOG
ITIS:169218
http://eol.org/pages/203866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3370
bogue
Boops boops
Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)
boops boops
Boops boops
kiwifruit plant (A. chinensis)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7132
GRIN:1405
GRIN:420036
ITIS:506775
MANSFELD:26714
PLANTS:ACCH5
http://eol.org/pages/392751
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1664
Actinidia chinensis Planch.
Actinidia chinensis Planchon
Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis
actinidia chinensis
actinidia sinensis
chinese gooseberry
strawberry peach
Actinidia chinensis
*Senna tora *(originally described by Linnaeus as *Cassia tora*) is a dicot legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The whole plant as well as specific parts such as roots, leaves and seeds have been widely used in traditional Indian and South Asian medicine. The plant and seeds are edible.
wild senna plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_tora
http://langual.org
GRIN:313456
ITIS:505182
PLANTS:SETO4
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4191
Senna tora (L.) Roxb.
Cassia tora
chakvad
coffee pod
foetid cassia
senna tora
sickle pod
sickle senna
sickle wild sensitive-plant
thakara
tora
tovara
Senna tora
mallow family
Malvaceae
Gossypium
upland cotton plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10083
GRIN:17917
ITIS:21711
MANSFELD:13760
PLANTS:GOHI
http://eol.org/pages/584705
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3739
American cotton
American upland cotton
cotton
Gossypium hirsutum L.
american cotton
american upland cotton
bourbon cotton
cotton
gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum
Apiineae
The Brazil nut (*Bertholletia excelsa*) is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seed. While cooks classify the Brazil nut as a nut, botanists consider it to be a seed and not a nut, because in nuts the shell splits in half with the meat separate from the shell.
brazil nut plant
WIKIPEDIA:Bertholletia_excelsa
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8003
GRIN:7022
ITIS:21989
MANSFELD:14900
PLANTS:BEEX2
http://eol.org/pages/321258
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1463
Brazil nut
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.
Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.
bertholletia excelsa
brazilnut
cream nut
para nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit of the brazil nut (seed) index both *BRAZIL NUT [B1463]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Bertholletia excelsa
Malpighiales
papaya plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8382
GRIN:9147
ITIS:22324
MANSFELD:23437
PLANTS:CAPA23
http://eol.org/pages/585682
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1249
mamon
papaya
Carica papaya L.
carica papaya
hawaiian papaya
lechoza
melon tree
pawpaw
Carica papaya
cucumber family
Cucurbitaceae
japanese sardinella
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:193
FAO ASFIS:JSS
ITIS:551460
http://eol.org/pages/204826
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3860
Japanese sardinella
Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)
sardinella zunasi
Sardinella zunasi
Engraulinae
wild melon
Citrullus lanatus
Cucumis
spot pangasius
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGJ
ITIS:681703
http://eol.org/pages/220771
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3687
spot pangasius
Pangasius larnaudii
Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866
pangasius larnaudii
Pangasius larnaudii
giant pangasius
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNW
ITIS:201966
http://eol.org/pages/212455
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3690
Chao Phraya giant catfish
Paroon shark
giant pangasius
Pangasius sanitwongsei
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931
pangasius sanitwongsei
Pangasius sanitwongsei
Muskmelon (*Cucumis melo*) is a species of melon that has been developed into many cultivated varieties. These include smooth skinned varieties such as honeydew, crenshaw and casaba, and different netted cultivars (cantaloupe, Persian melon and Santa Claus or Christmas melon).
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9041
GRIN:12566
ITIS:22362
MANSFELD:3670
PLANTS:CUME
http://eol.org/pages/584424
Oriental melon
muskmelon
Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo
apricot
Prunus armeniaca
The rowans or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae.
european rowan plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13207
GRIN:310534
ITIS:25320
MANSFELD:8932
PLANTS:SOAU
http://eol.org/pages/241042
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2746
European mountain ash
european mountain-ash
quickbeam
rowan
rowan
sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia L.
Sorbus aucuparia
marrows
pumpkins
squashes
Cucurbita
The fruit is a component of a cider-like drink which is still made in parts of Europe. Picked straight off the tree it tastes highly unpleasant.
service tree
WIKIPEDIA:Service_tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13211
GRIN:35018
ITIS:505296
MANSFELD:8924
PLANTS:SODO5
http://eol.org/pages/636879
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2963
Sorbus domestica L.
sorbus domestica
Cormus domestica
The quince (*Cydonia oblonga *) is the sole member of the genus *Cydonia* in the family *Rosaceae *(which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits). It is a deciduous tree that bears a pome fruit, similar in appearance to a pear, and bright golden-yellow when mature. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quince]
common quince plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9099
GRIN:12779
ITIS:25159
MANSFELD:8647
PLANTS:CYOB2
http://eol.org/pages/245489
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4219
quince
wen po
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
Cydonia oblonga P. Mill.
cydonia oblonga
Cydonia oblonga
A type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the bottom. When ripe, it turns increasingly deep orange, and becomes sweeter and richer.
butternut squash plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9051
GRIN:12601
ITIS:22370
MANSFELD:4090
PLANTS:CUMO
http://eol.org/pages/584408
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2509
Canada pumpkin
ayote
butternut pumpkin
crookneck pumpkin
crookneck winter squash
cucurbita moschata
cucurbita moschata var. butternut
cushaw squash
gramma
lacayote
Cucurbita moschata Duch.
Cucurbita moschata Duchesne
Cucurbita moschata
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9052
GRIN:12606
ITIS:22373
PLANTS:CUPE
Cucurbita pepo L.
Cucurbita pepo
Luffa
*Luffa aegyptiaca* is a species of Luffa. Commonly known as Smooth Luffa, Egyptian Luffa, sometimes under the obsolete name *Luffa cylindrica* and frequently misspelled *Luffa aegyptica*, it is cultivated and grown for its fruit. The fruit resembles a cucumber. Young fruit can be eaten as a vegetable while ripe fruits can be used to make bath sponges.
sponge gourd plant
WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_aegyptiaca
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10955
GRIN:22788
ITIS:503570
PLANTS:LUAE
http://eol.org/pages/487006
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1721
dishcloth gourd
loofa
smooth loofah
sponge gourd
vegetable sponge
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.
Luffa aegyptiaca P. Mill.
dishcloth gourd
dishrag gourd
loofah
luffa
luffa aegyptiaca
luffa cylindrica
rag gourd
smooth loofah
towel gourd
vegetable sponge
Luffa aegyptiaca
*Momordica charantia*, known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, bitter squash, or balsam-pear, is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family *Cucurbitaceae*, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia]
bitter melon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11229
GRIN:24520
ITIS:22399
PLANTS:MOCH2
http://eol.org/pages/584304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1101
balsam pear
bitter gourd
bitter melon
Momordica charantia L.
balsam pear
bitter cucumber
bitter gourd
fu gwa
la-kwa
momordica charantia
Momordica charantia
passionflowers
Passiflora
giant granadilla plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11666
GRIN:27001
ITIS:22243
PLANTS:PAQU3
http://eol.org/pages/581884
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2785
giant granadilla
granadilla
Passiflora quadrangularis L.
passiflora macrocarpa
passiflora quadrangularis
passiflora quadrangularis var. variegata
Passiflora quadrangularis
willow family
Salicaceae
sydney cupped oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1341
FAO ASFIS:CSC
ITIS:79893
http://eol.org/pages/449497
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3674
small rock oyster
Saccostrea cuccullata
Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778)
crassostrea commercialis
saccostrea cuccullata
Saccostrea cucullata
Brassicales
southern blue whiting
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:452
FAO ASFIS:POS
ITIS:164775
http://eol.org/pages/338209
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1836
southern blue whiting
Micromesistius australis
Micromesistius australis Norman, 1937
micromesistius australis
whiting, southern blue
Micromesistius australis
mustard family
Brassicaceae
Mullus
blunt snouted mullet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:808
FAO ASFIS:MUT
ITIS:169419
http://eol.org/pages/1156454
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3918
red mullet
striped mullet
Mullus barbatus
Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758
bluntsnouted mullet
mullus barbatus
striped goatfish
Mullus barbatus
Brassica
The Sooty Shearwater (*Puffinus griseus*) is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family *Procellariidae*. In New Zealand it is also known by its Maori name titi and as "muttonbird", like its relatives the Wedge-tailed Shearwater *(P. pacificus*) and the Australian Short-tailed Shearwater (*P. tenuirostris*).
sooty shearwater
WIKIPEDIA:Sooty_Shearwater
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:PFG
ITIS:174553
http://eol.org/pages/1047364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4297
Sooty shearwater
Puffinus griseus
Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789)
muttonbird
puffinus griseus
titi
Ardenna grisea
sharptail shortfin squid
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:IXO
ITIS:82524
http://eol.org/pages/451354
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3697
Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu & Mangold 1969
Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu and Mangold, 1969
illex oxygonius
Illex cf. oxygonius DBC-2006
Indian mustard
brown mustard
Brassica juncea
black mustard plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8100
GRIN:7666
ITIS:23061
MANSFELD:24109
PLANTS:BRNI
http://eol.org/pages/583895
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1127
black mustard
Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
brassica nigra
mustard, black
Brassica nigra
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8120
DPNL 2003:8121
field mustard
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa
Brassica rapa
Kale or borecole is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group), green or purple, in which the central leaves do not form a head.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8103
DPNL 2003:8105
DPNL 2003:8110
DPNL 2003:8113
DPNL 2003:8114
DPNL 2003:8115
GRIN:311416
GRIN:319629
GRIN:319632
GRIN:7668
GRIN:7670
GRIN:7672
ITIS:23062
MANSFELD:23907
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
wild cabbage
Brassica oleracea L. var. conica DC.
borecole
brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica
"It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables including broccoli, cauliflower, collard greens, and brussels sprouts. The cultivar group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically." - Wikipedia
Brassica oleracea
gai lan plant
2020-11-16T22:53:29Z
Brassica alboglabra L.H. Bailey
Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (L.H.Bailey)
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil
Chinese broccoli
Chinese kale
brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
chinese broccoli
chinese broccoli plant
chinese kale plant
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
cape verde spiny lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NRH
ITIS:552963
http://eol.org/pages/324109
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3612
Palinurus charlestoni Forest & Postel, 1964
Palinurus charlestoni Forest and Postel, 1964
palinurus charlestoni
Palinurus charlestoni
The muskox (*Ovibos moschatus*, also spelled musk ox and musk-ox) is an Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives.
muskox
WIKIPEDIA:Muskox
http://langual.org
ITIS:180708
MSW3:14200813
http://eol.org/pages/328656
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4562
musk ox
musk-ox
muskox
Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann, 1780
musk ox
musk-ox
ovibos moschatus
Ovibos moschatus
The Velvet Scoter (*Melanitta fusca*), also called a Velvet Duck or whitewing (not to be confused with the white-winged scoter), is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and Asia west of the Yenisey basin. A small, isolated population nests in eastern Turkey. The East Siberian and North American White-winged Scoter is sometimes considered conspecific with the Velvet Scoter, and its two constituent subspecies are then known as *M. f. stejnegeri* and *M. f. deglandi*. Velvet and White-winged Scoter, along with the Surf Scoter, are placed in the subgenus *Melanitta*, distinct from the subgenus *Oidemia*, Black and Common Scoters.
velvet scoter
http://langual.org
ITIS:175163
http://eol.org/pages/1048996
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4480
Velvet duck
velvet scoter
white-winged scoter
whitewing
Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus, 1758)
melanitta fusca
Melanitta fusca
dove
http://langual.org
ITIS:676899
http://eol.org/pages/1064947
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1203
band-tailed pigeon
Patagioenas fasciata (Say, 1823)
band-tailed dove
columba fasciata
patagioenas fasciata
Patagioenas fasciata
An annual plant of the family *Brassicaceae*. Grown for its seeds, mustard, as fodder crop or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.
white mustard plant
WIKIPEDIA:White_mustard
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13121
GRIN:33963
ITIS:23309
MANSFELD:24142
PLANTS:SIAL5
http://eol.org/pages/583812
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1148
Brassica alba
Brassica hirta
bai jie
white mustard
white mustard
yellow mustard
yellow mustard
Sinapis alba L.
Sinapis alba
korean seerfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:980
FAO ASFIS:KOS
ITIS:172443
http://eol.org/pages/205204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3979
Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915)
Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915) ES carite coreano
scomberomorus koreanus
Scomberomorus koreanus
juan fernandez trevally
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SXC
ITIS:621128
http://eol.org/pages/213914
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3971
Juan Fernandez trevally
Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
pseudocaranx chilensis
Pseudocaranx chilensis
Sisymbrium
buntan
pomelo
pummelo
shaddock
yu
Citrus maxima
sapodilla family
Sapotaceae
A long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.
sapodilla plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11086
GRIN:102614
ITIS:23823
MANSFELD:6578
PLANTS:MAZA
http://eol.org/pages/1154544
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1693
achras sapota
chicle
chicle tree
chicozapote
chikoo
manilkara zapota
naseberry
nispero
nispero tree
sapodilla
sapodilla
sapota
sapote
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen
Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen
Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen
Manilkara zapota
miracle fruit
http://langual.org
GRIN:36056
ITIS:505958
PLANTS:SYDU
http://eol.org/pages/1149984
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2030
miracle fruit
sweet berry
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.) Daniell
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumacher & Thonn.) Daniell
synsepalum dulcificum
Synsepalum dulcificum
Rosales
rose family
Rosaceae
Fragaria
garden strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9868
GRIN:244
ITIS:24630
MANSFELD:8618
PLANTS:FRAN
http://eol.org/pages/245515
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3336
strawberry
Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne (pro sp.)
Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne
Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier
Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.)
cultivated strawberry
fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria x ananassa
texas persimmon plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:14325
ITIS:23854
PLANTS:DITE3
http://eol.org/pages/583558
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4240
chapote
Diospyros texana Scheele
chapote
diospyros texana
mexican persimmon
Diospyros texana
Malus
apple
apple tree
cultivated apple
Malus domestica
A small tree (2–6 m tall) in the Myrtaceae (myrtle) family.
Damion Dooley
strawberry guava plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12334
GRIN:30200
GRIN:312939
GRIN:312940
GRIN:312942
ITIS:27239
ITIS:530947
PLANTS:PSCA
http://eol.org/pages/2508592
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1649
Cattley guava
cherry guava
psidium cattleianum
strawberry guava
Psidium cattleianum Sabine
Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg
Psidium cattleianum f. lucidum O. Deg.
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Sabine
Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg
Psidium cattleyanum
Prunus
A species of tree native to Iran and surrounding countries but widely cultivated elsewhere, which produces drupe fruit containing almond seed.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12276
DPNL 2003:12277
GRIN:29890
ITIS:24775
almond
sweet almond
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. amara (DC.) Buchheim
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. dulcis
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
Prunus dulcis
A species of Prunus (Prunus persica) native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit called a peach or nectarine.
peach tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12289
GRIN:30065
ITIS:24765
MANSFELD:9402
PLANTS:PRPE3
PLANTS:PRPEP2
http://eol.org/pages/631649
peach
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica
Cultivated peaches are divided into clingstones and freestones, depending on whether the flesh sticks to the stone or not; both can have either white or yellow flesh.
Prunus persica
european oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1337
FAO ASFIS:OYF
ITIS:79885
http://eol.org/pages/449502
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3672
Colchester native oyster
European flat oyster
edible oyster
mud oyster
Ostrea edulis
Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
edible oyster
european flat oyster
ostrea edulis
Ostrea edulis
Rosa
mangrove cupped oyster
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1332
FAO ASFIS:OYM
ITIS:79881
http://eol.org/pages/449549
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3673
Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)
Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding
crassostrea rhizophorae
pacific cupped oyster
Crassostrea rhizophorae
grapefruit
Citrus x paradisi
pears
Pyrus
patagonian smooth-hound
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:53
FAO ASFIS:SDP
ITIS:160265
http://eol.org/pages/988268
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4105
narrownose smooth-hound
Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939
Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1940
mustelus schmitti
Mustelus schmitti
pyrus pyrifolia
http://langual.org
GRIN:104692
GRIN:30569
ITIS:25296
MANSFELD:8735
PLANTS:PYPY2
http://eol.org/pages/631563
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1523
asian pear tree
chinese pear tree
japanese pear tree
nashi pear tree
nashi tree
oriental pear tree
sand pear tree
sha li
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. fil.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia
duck barnacle
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ESF
ITIS:89561
http://eol.org/pages/1020694
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3553
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus 1767
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758
lepas anatifera
Lepas anatifera
Ostrea
Lepas
Caniformia
Ribes
smooth venus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:567356
http://eol.org/pages/592405
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3640
Chionista fluctifraga
Chionista fluctifraga (G. B. Sowerby II, 1853)
chionista fluctifraga
Chionista fluctifraga
pea family
Fabaceae
Caesalpinioideae
Indian corn
Zea mays subsp. sacharata
Zea mays var. sacharata
corn
maize
Zea mays subsp. mays
Papilionoideae
gulf stone crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:98812
http://eol.org/pages/312903
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3557
Gulf stone crab
Menippe adina
Menippe adina A. B. Williams and Felder, 1986
menippe adina
Menippe adina
peanut plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7636
GRIN:3785
ITIS:26463
MANSFELD:29861
PLANTS:ARHY
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1337
goober
ground-nut
peanut
Arachis hypogaea L.
arachis hypogaea
earthnut
groundnut
Arachis hypogaea
The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae. Since its domestication in the Indian subcontinent at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
pigeon pea plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea
http://langual.org
GRIN:8319
MANSFELD:27597
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2010
cajanus cajan
catjang pea
pigeon pea
red gram
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
gandules
Cajanus cajan
Canavalia
*Canavalia ensiformis*, or (common) jack bean, is a legume which is used for animal fodder and human nutrition, especially in Brazil where it is called feijão-de-porco ("pig bean"). It is also the source of concanavalin A.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_ensiformis]
jack-bean plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8316
GRIN:8827
ITIS:501179
PLANTS:CAEN4
http://eol.org/pages/655303
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3400
horse bean
jack bean
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.
giant stock-bean
gotani bean
jack bean
seaside-bean
sword bean
wonder bean
Canavalia ensiformis
*Canavalia gladiata*, usually called sword bean, is a domesticated plant species in the legume (*Fabaceae*) family.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_gladiata]
sword-bean plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8317
GRIN:882
GRIN:8829
ITIS:501181
PLANTS:CAGL15
http://eol.org/pages/655327
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3401
Japanese jack bean
sword bean
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.
dolichos gladiatus
Canavalia gladiata
The chickpea or chick pea (*Cicer arietinum*) is a legume of the family *Fabaceae*, subfamily *Faboideae*. Its different types are variously known as gram, or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, as well as the Egyptian pea. Its seeds are high in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes: 7,500-year-old remains have been found in the Middle East.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea]
garbanzo bean plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8647
GRIN:10535
ITIS:26537
MANSFELD:30808
PLANTS:CIAR5
http://eol.org/pages/685208
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1172
chickpea
garbanzo
Cicer arietinum L.
bengal gram bean
chick bean
chick pea
cicer arietinum
indian gram bean
Cicer arietinum
The Guar or cluster bean, with the botanical name *Cyamopsis tetragonoloba*, is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. It is also known as Gavar, Guwar, or Guvar bean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guar]
guar plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9077
GRIN:12701
ITIS:506245
http://eol.org/pages/646821
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1334
cluster bean
guar
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
cluster bean
cyamopsis tetragonoloba
cyamposis psoralioides
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
island mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:964
FAO ASFIS:RAF
ITIS:202055
http://eol.org/pages/592581
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3975
island mackerel
Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967
rastrelliger faugni
Rastrelliger faughni
chinese seerfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:991
FAO ASFIS:CHY
ITIS:172449
http://eol.org/pages/205210
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3988
Chinese seerfish
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800)
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacépède, 1800)
scomberomorus sinensis
Scomberomorus sinensis
The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh.
soybean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean
http://langual.org
soya bean
soybean
DPNL 2003:10065
GRIN:17711
ITIS:26716
MANSFELD:27017
PLANTS:GLMA4
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1452
glycine max
soybean
soybeans
Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Glycine max
bream
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:298
FAO ASFIS:FBM
ITIS:163666
http://eol.org/pages/205715
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1763
bream
common bream
Abramis brama
Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)
abramis brama
Abramis brama
Lathyrus
salmon shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:21
FAO ASFIS:LMD
ITIS:159910
http://eol.org/pages/209379
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3524
Lamna ditropis
Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947
Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett, 1947
lamna ditropis
shark, salmon
Lamna ditropis
Sweet pea (*Lathyrus odoratus*) is a flowering plant in the genus *Lathyrus* in the family *Fabaceae* (legumes), native to the eastern Mediterranean. Unlike the edible pea, there is evidence that seeds of members of the genus *Lathyrus* are toxic if ingested in quantity. A related species, *Lathyrus sativus*, is grown for human consumption but when it forms a major part of the diet it causes symptoms of toxicity called lathyrism.
sweet pea plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_odoratus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10712
GRIN:21596
ITIS:25864
PLANTS:LAOD
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1487
sweet pea
Lathyrus odoratus L.
lathyrus odoratus
pea, sweet
Lathyrus odoratus
*Lathyrus sativus*, is a legume (family *Fabaceae*) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. Like other grain legumes, *Lathyrus sativus* produces a high-protein seed. The seeds also contain variable amounts of a neurotoxic amino acid ß-N-Oxalyl-L-a,ß-diaminopropionic acid or ODAP or BOAA.
chickling vetch plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_sativus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10714
GRIN:21613
ITIS:25877
PLANTS:LASA2
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3356
chickling vetch
white pea
Lathyrus sativus L.
cicerchia
grass pea
lathyrus sativus
white pea
Lathyrus sativus
chinese alligator
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GTW
ITIS:202209
http://eol.org/pages/796028
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3800
Chinese alligator
Alligator sinensis
Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879
alligator sinensis
Alligator sinensis
tarry skate
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RJR
ITIS:564149
http://eol.org/pages/217212
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4095
thorny skate
Amblyraja radiata
Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)
Raja radiata Donovan 1808
amblyraja radiata
atlantic pricly skate
raja radiata
thorny skate
Amblyraja radiata
tortoise shell bamboo plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:28158
ITIS:565400
MANSFELD:19092
http://eol.org/pages/1115855
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3735
kikko-chiku
mhousou
moso bamboo
mosochiku
Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Houz.
Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Lehaie
Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.
moso bamboo
phyllostachys edulis
pubescent bamboo
Phyllostachys edulis
The ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) is a tropical vine that grows primarily in tropical climates and is commonly found in the southern Indian states, where it forms a part of the local cuisine.
ivy gourd plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2420
coccinea cordifolia
coccinea grandis
coccinea indica
Coccinia grandis
florida fighting conch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:72556
http://eol.org/pages/455232
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3665
Strombus alatus
Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791
strombus alatus
Strombus alatus
milk conch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MBQ
ITIS:72557
http://eol.org/pages/455239
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3667
Strombus costatus
Strombus costatus Gmelin, 1791
strombus costatus
Strombus costatus
west indian fighting conch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RXU
ITIS:72560
http://eol.org/pages/480624
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3670
Strombus pugilis
Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758
strombus pugilis
Strombus pugilis
giant bamboo plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:506663
MANSFELD:19296
PLANTS:DEAS
http://eol.org/pages/1115595
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3731
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. f.) Backer ex Heyne
dendrocalamus asper
Dendrocalamus asper
Poales
Phaseolus
lima bean
Phaseolus lunatus
French bean
kidney bean
string bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
*Gentiana lutea* (Great Yellow Gentian) is a species of gentian native to the mountains of central and southern Europe. Other names include 'Yellow Gentian', 'Bitter Root', 'Bitterwort', 'Centiyane', and 'Genciana'.
Gentian root has a long history of use as a herbal bitter in the treatment of digestive disorders and is an ingredient of many proprietary medicines.
yellow gentian plant
WIKIPEDIA:Gentiana_lutea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9966
GRIN:17392
ITIS:505985
PLANTS:GELU2
http://eol.org/pages/483956
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4335
yellow gentian
Gentiana lutea L.
gentian, yellow
gentiana lutea
great yellow gentian
Gentiana lutea
*Phaseolus coccineus*, known as runner bean, scarlet runner bean, or multiflora bean, is a plant in the legume or *Fabaceae* family. Another common name is butter bean, which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species.
Damion Dooley
scarlet runner bean plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11803
GRIN:27563
ITIS:26845
MANSFELD:27510
PLANTS:PHCO6
http://eol.org/pages/645287
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2009
butter bean plant
multiflora bean plant
phaseolus coccineus
phaseolus multifloris
runner bean plant
scarlet bean plant
scarlet runner bean
Phaseolus coccineus L.
Phaseolus coccineus
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit *Pisum sativum*.
garden pea plant
WIKIPEDIA:Pisum_sativum
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12010
GRIN:300472
ITIS:26867
PLANTS:PISA6
http://eol.org/pages/703192
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3484
dry pea plant
english pea plant
garden pea
garden pea plant
pea
peas
Pisum sativum L.
Green "garden" peas, eaten immature and fresh, were an innovative luxury of Early Modern Europe. In England, the distinction between "field peas" and "garden peas" dates from the early 17th century.
Pisum sativum
The winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is a tropical legume plant native to New Guinea. It grows abundantly in the hot, humid equatorial countries of South and Southeast Asia.
winged bean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_bean
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12340
GRIN:30222
ITIS:506265
PLANTS:PSTE10
http://eol.org/pages/645581
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1726
Goa bean
asparagus bean
asparagus pea
asparagus pea plant
dragon bean plant
four-angled bean plant
four-cornered bean plant
goa bean plant
manila bean plant
psophocarpus tetragonolobus
winged bean
winged beans
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
Vicia
broad bean
faba bean
fava bean
Vicia faba
*Vicia sativa*, known as the Common Vetch, Tare or simply "the vetch", is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant. Although considered a weed when found growing in a cultivated grainfield, this hardy plant is often grown as green manure or livestock fodder.
common vetch plant
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_sativa
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13830
GRIN:300667
ITIS:26355
PLANTS:VISA
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4373
spring vetch
tare
Vicia sativa L.
garden vetch
narrowleaf vetch
sweetpea (garden vetch)
vicia sativa
Vicia sativa
The harp seal or saddleback seal is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean.
harp seal
WIKIPEDIA:Harp_seal
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1433
ITIS:622022
MSW3:14001057
http://eol.org/pages/1052720
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4564
harp seal
Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)
Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777
pagophilus groenlandicus
saddleback seal
Phoca groenlandica
The spotted seal (*Phoca largha*, *Phoca vitulina largha*), also known as the larga or largha seal, is a member of the family *Phocidae*, and is considered a "true seal". It inhabits ice floes and waters of the north Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas.
spotted seal
WIKIPEDIA:Spotted_seal
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SST
ITIS:180642
MSW3:14001059
http://eol.org/pages/328628
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4487
spotted seal
Phoca largha (Pallas, 1811)
Phoca largha Pallas, 1811
larga seal
phoca largha
phoca vitulina largha
Phoca largha
Sphoeroides
Vigna
The adzuki bean (*Vigna angularis* (English: red mung bean) is an annual vine widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small (approximately 5 mm) bean. The cultivars most familiar in Northeast Asia have a uniform red colour, however, white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties also are known.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzuki_bean]
adzuki bean plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13835
GRIN:312022
ITIS:505691
MANSFELD:27404
PLANTS:VIAN7
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1110
adzuki bean
azuki bean
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi
Vigna angularis var. angularis
azuki bean
phaseolus angularis
red mung bean
vigna angularis
Vigna angularis
*Vigna mungo*, black gram, urad bean, minapa pappu, mungo bean or black matpe bean is a bean grown in the Indian subcontinent. At one time it was considered to belong to the same species as the mung bean. The product sold as *black lentil* is usually the whole urad bean, whereas the split bean (the interior being white) is called *white lentil*. It should not to be confused with the much smaller true black lentil (*Lens culinaris*).
black gram bean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_mungo
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13836
GRIN:41621
ITIS:506273
MANSFELD:27363
PLANTS:VIMU7
http://eol.org/pages/654940
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1588
black gram
black lentil
matpe bean
minapa pappu
mungo bean
urad
urad dal
urd
urd-bean
urdbean
vigna mungo
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
phaseolus mungo
Vigna mungo
cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
marjorams
oreganos
Origanum
*Vigna aconitifolia* is a drought-resistant legume, commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is commonly called mat bean, moth bean, matki, Turkish gram or dew bean. The pods, sprouts and protein rich seeds of this crop are commonly consumed in India. Moth bean can be grown on many soil types, and can also act as a pasture legume.
moth bean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_aconitifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13834
GRIN:41595
ITIS:506271
PLANTS:VIAC4
http://eol.org/pages/648824
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1920
Turkish gram
dew bean
mat bean
matki
moth bean
moth-bean
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal
phaseolus aconitifolius
vigna aconitifolia
Vigna aconitifolia
Guarana (*Paullinia cupana*, syn. *P. crysan*, *P. sorbilis*) is a climbing plant in the maple family, *Sapindaceae*, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil. Guarana features large leaves and clusters of flowers, and is best known for its fruit, which is about the size of a coffee bean. As a dietary supplement, guarana is an effective stimulant] it contains about twice the caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2 to 4.5% caffeine in guarana seeds compared to 1 to 2% for coffee beans)..
guarana plant
WIKIPEDIA:Guarana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11678
GRIN:27031
ITIS:506078
MANSFELD:6836
PLANTS:PACU7
http://eol.org/pages/483644
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2063
brazilian cocoa
guarana
paullinia cupana
uabano
Paullinia cupana Kunth
Paullinia cupana
loosestrife family
Lythraceae
Pulaka (*Cyrtosperma merkusii*), or swamp taro, is a crop grown in Oceania (especially Tuvalu) and an important source of carbohydrates for the area's inhabitants. It is a "swamp crop" similar to taro, but "with bigger leaves and larger, coarser roots." Pulaka roots need to be cooked for hours to reduce toxicity in the corms, but are rich in nutrients, especially calcium. Pulaka is an important part of Tuvalu cultural and culinary tradition, now under threat from rising sea level and displacement from the growing use of imported food products.
pulaka plant
WIKIPEDIA:Pulaka
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9149
GRIN:12943
ITIS:506754
PLANTS:CYME10
http://eol.org/pages/1094951
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4279
giant swamp taro
Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott
cyrtosperma merkusii
giant swamp taro
Cyrtosperma merkusii
The bearded seal (*Erignathus barbatus*), also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean. Bearded seals are a primary food source for polar bears and for the Inuit of the Arctic coast. The Inuktitut name for the seal is Ugyuk or Oogrook or Oogruk.
bearded seal
WIKIPEDIA:Bearded_seal
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1430
FAO ASFIS:SEB
ITIS:180655
MSW3:14001032
http://eol.org/pages/328631
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4485
bearded seal
Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)
Erignathus barbatus Erxleben, 1777
erignathus barbatus
oogruk
square flipper seal
squareflipper
ugruk
Erignathus barbatus
lemon balm plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11140
GRIN:24036
ITIS:32565
MANSFELD:16386
PLANTS:MEOF2
http://eol.org/pages/582374
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2621
common balm
sweet balm
Melissa officinalis L.
balm
lemon balm
melissa officinalis
Melissa officinalis
Basil (*Ocimum basilicum*), also called great basil or Saint-Joseph's-wort, is a culinary herb of the family *Lamiaceae* (mints). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil]
sweet basil plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11425
GRIN:25478
ITIS:32627
MANSFELD:15478
MANSFELD:15847
PLANTS:OCBA
http://eol.org/pages/579364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1158
basil
sweet basil
Ocimum basilicum L.
basil
ocimum basilicum
sweet basil
Ocimum basilicum
Oregano (*Origanum vulgare*) is a flowering plant in the mint family (*Lamiaceae*). It is native to temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. It is sometimes called wild marjoram, and its close relative, *O. majorana*, is known as sweet marjoram. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregano]
oregano plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11507
GRIN:25913
ITIS:32632
MANSFELD:16258
PLANTS:ORVU
http://eol.org/pages/579367
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1542
Common oregano
oregano
Origanum vulgare L.
european oregano
marjoram, wild
oregano, common
oregano, european
origanum
origanum vulgare
wild marjoram
Origanum vulgare
jonah crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1273
FAO ASFIS:CRJ
ITIS:98678
http://eol.org/pages/342191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3560
Jonah crab
Cancer borealis
Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859
cancer borealis
Cancer borealis
labrador redfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:REN
ITIS:166774
http://eol.org/pages/209603
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1768
Acadian redfish
Sebastes fasciatus
Sebastes fasciatus Storer 1856
Sebastes fasciatus Storer, 1854
redfish, labrador
sebastes fasciatus
Sebastes fasciatus
norway haddock
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFV
ITIS:166779
http://eol.org/pages/209615
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3352
Norway redfish
Sebastes viviparus
Sebastes viviparus Krøyer, 1845
norway redfish
sebastes viviparus
Sebastes viviparus
*Rumex arcticus*, commonly known as Arctic Dock or Sourdock, is a perennial flowering plant that is native to Alaska. Its leaves are an important part of the diet of native Alaskans such as the Yupik people, who include it in various dishes such as akutaq.
arctic dock plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rumex_arcticus
http://langual.org
GRIN:448242
ITIS:20935
PLANTS:RUAR6
http://eol.org/pages/585264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4499
Rumex arcticus Trautv.
rumex arcticus
sourdock
Rumex arcticus
humpback snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJG
ITIS:168866
http://eol.org/pages/214442
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1806
humpback red snapper
Lutjanus gibbus
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
lutjanus gibbus
snapper, humpback
Lutjanus gibbus
five-lined snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LWQ
ITIS:550941
http://eol.org/pages/344908
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1981
five-lined snapper
Lutjanus quinquelineatus
Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790)
Lutjanus quinquelineatus Bloch, 1970
lutjanus quinquelineatus
Lutjanus quinquelineatus
brazilian catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BPT
ITIS:639380
http://eol.org/pages/206134
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2155
Laulao catfish
Brachyplatystoma vaillanti (Valenciennes, 1840)
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840)
brachyplatystoma vaillanti
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
triangle tanner crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:98430
http://eol.org/pages/1040602
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2224
Chionoecetes angulatus
Chionoecetes angulatus M. J. Rathbun, 1924
chionoecetes angulatus
Chionoecetes angulatus
sidestriped shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NDD
ITIS:96995
http://eol.org/pages/343371
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2888
Pandalopsis dispar
Pandalopsis dispar M. J. Rathbun, 1902
Pandalopsis dispar M.J. Rathbun, 1902
pandalopsis dispar
Pandalus dispar
aesop shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1225
FAO ASFIS:AES
ITIS:96971
http://eol.org/pages/344445
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3618
Pandalus montagui Leach ,1814
Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814
pandalus montagui
Pandalus montagui
jojoba plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13117
GRIN:105075
ITIS:28030
PLANTS:SICH
http://eol.org/pages/582468
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1704
goatnut
jojoba
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K.Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.
deer nut
goat nut
simmondsia chinensis
Simmondsia chinensis
tropical almond plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:36334
ITIS:27762
PLANTS:TECA
http://eol.org/pages/582724
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3437
Indian almond
badam
kamani
myrobalan
tropical almond
Terminalia catappa L.
indian-almond
malabar-almond
sea-almond
terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa
flax plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10880
GRIN:22361
ITIS:29226
PLANTS:LIUS
http://eol.org/pages/581568
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1700
flax
Linum usitatissimum L.
common flax
cultivated flax
flax, common
flax, cultivated
lin
linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum
sumac family
Anacardiaceae
frankincense family
Burseraceae
The narwhal, or narwhale (*Monodon monoceros*), is a medium-sized toothed whale and possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the *Monodontidae* family, along with the beluga whale. The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine.
narwhal
WIKIPEDIA:Narwhal
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1461
FAO ASFIS:NAR
ITIS:180485
MSW3:14300107
http://eol.org/pages/328542
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4563
narwhal
Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758
monodon monoceros
narwhale
unicorn whale
Monodon monoceros
nasturtium
Tropaeolum majus
northern horse mussel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:DJO
ITIS:79501
http://eol.org/pages/451577
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1037
northern horsemussel
Modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus
A shrub native to South Africa.
Damion Dooley
natal plum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:9163
ITIS:501290
PLANTS:CAMA37
http://eol.org/pages/488417
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1482
carissa macrocarpa
Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC.
Carissa macrocarpa (Ecklon) A. DC.
Carissa macrocarpa
carrot family
Apiaceae
Queen Anne's lace
carrot
carrots
Daucus carota
Lutjanus
mutton snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJN
ITIS:168849
http://eol.org/pages/205784
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1802
mutton snapper
Lutjanus analis
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus analis
snapper, mutton
Lutjanus analis
silk snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LTJ
FDA RFE 2010:35
ITIS:168861
http://eol.org/pages/208595
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1800
silk snapper
Lutjanus vivanus
Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus vivanus
snapper, silk
Lutjanus vivanus
gray snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJI
FDA RFE 2010:31
ITIS:168848
http://eol.org/pages/214443
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1168
grey snapper
Lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus griseus
blackfin snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJU
ITIS:168852
http://eol.org/pages/216387
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1799
blackfin snapper
Lutjanus buccanella
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus buccanella
snapper, blackfin
Lutjanus buccanella
red snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:682
FAO ASFIS:SNR
FDA RFE 2010:30
ITIS:168853
http://eol.org/pages/216388
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1089
northern red snapper
red snapper
Lutjanus campechanus
Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860)
lutjanus blackfordi
lutjanus campechanus
lutjanus pensacolae
snapper, red
Lutjanus campechanus
queen snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EEO
ITIS:168902
http://eol.org/pages/205033
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2151
queen snapper
Etelis oculatus
Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
bleareyed snapper
cachucho
etelis oculatus
night snapper
Etelis oculatus
Panax
Cubeb (*Piper cubeba*), or tailed pepper, is a plant in genus *Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached - the "tails" in "tailed pepper".
cubeb plant
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_cubeba
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11995
GRIN:28578
ITIS:506521
PLANTS:PICU
http://eol.org/pages/491342
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4350
Piper cubeba L. f.
Piper cubeba L. fil.
java pepper
piper cubeba
tailed pepper
Piper cubeba
*Panax ginseng* is available commercially as fresh, red, and white ginsengs; wild ginseng is used where available.
chinese ginseng plant
WIKIPEDIA:Panax_ginseng
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11602
GRIN:26379
ITIS:505938
PLANTS:PAGI2
http://eol.org/pages/1153396
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4526
Asiatic ginseng
Chinese ginseng
Korean ginseng
ginseng
hong shen
insam
jinso
ninjin
ren seng
sansam
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
asian ginseng
asiatic ginseng
korean ginseng
manchurian ginseng
oriental ginseng
panax ginseng
Panax ginseng
Gentianales
Mammalia
mammals
Mammalia
Solanales
peppers
Capsicum
ancho pepper plant
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2550
C annuum
Capsicum annuum
WIKIPEDIA:Tomato
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:101442
ITIS:521671
ITIS:529044
MANSFELD:6054
http://eol.org/pages/392557
tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
lycopersicon esculentum
Solanum lycopersicum
barbel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:307
FAO ASFIS:PTB
ITIS:163619
http://eol.org/pages/211593
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2712
barbel
Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758)
barbus barbus
Barbus barbus
PlantLife [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/assets/saving-species/saving-species-dossier/Scandix_pecten-veneris_dossier.pdf]
shepherd's needle plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12893
GRIN:70632
ITIS:29865
PLANTS:SCPE
http://eol.org/pages/581457
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3714
Venus's comb
shepherd's needle
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
scandix pecten-veneris
shepherdsneedle
venus'-comb
Scandix pecten-veneris
butter clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1385
FAO ASFIS:BCL
ITIS:568268
http://eol.org/pages/491722
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1065
Saxidomus gigantea
Saxidomus gigantea (Deshayes, 1839)
Saxidomus giganteus (Deshayes, 1839)
saxidomus giganteus
Saxidomus gigantea
nuttall cockle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCL
ITIS:80873
http://eol.org/pages/449112
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3652
Clinocardium nuttallii
Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad 1837)
Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad, 1837)
basket cockle
clinocardium nuttallii
heart cockle
Clinocardium nuttallii
Solanum
*Solanum nigrum* (European Black Nightshade or locally just "black nightshade", Duscle, Garden Nightshade, Hound's Berry, Petty Morel, Wonder Berry, Small-fruited black nightshade or popolo) is a species in the *Solanum* genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa. Parts of this plant can be highly toxic to livestock and humans, and it's considered a weed. Nonetheless, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales; and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine.
black nightshade plant
WIKIPEDIA:Solanum_nigrum
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13168
GRIN:310124
ITIS:565525
PLANTS:SONI
http://eol.org/pages/418543
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3409
black nightshade
Solanum nigrum L.
solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum
potato
potatoes
Solanum tuberosum
striped anchovy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:206
FAO ASFIS:ENP
ITIS:161838
http://eol.org/pages/339468
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3830
broad-striped anchovy
Anchoa hepsetus
Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anchoa hepsetus
broad-striped anchovy
Anchoa hepsetus
Ipomoea
The sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, *Convolvulaceae*. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (*Solanum tuberosum*) and does not belong to the nightshade family, *Solanaceae*, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_potato]
sweet potato plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10481
GRIN:20142
ITIS:30764
MANSFELD:21565
PLANTS:IPBA2
http://eol.org/pages/580962
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1106
batate
sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poiret
ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas
Chionoecetes
snow crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1298
FAO ASFIS:CRQ
ITIS:621745
ITIS:98428
http://eol.org/pages/1025204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1497
Alaska Snow Crab
snow crab
Chionoecetes opilio
Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788)
Chionoecetes opilio (J. C. Fabricius, 1788)
Chionoecetes opilio opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788)
chionoecetes opilio
queen crab
Chionoecetes opilio
Common sorrel or garden sorrel (*Rumex acetosa*), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family *Polygonaceae*. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or salad vegetable (pot herb). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrel]
garden sorrel plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12694
GRIN:32518
ITIS:504901
MANSFELD:9486
PLANTS:RUAC2
http://eol.org/pages/485385
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4989
garden sorrel
sour dock
Rumex acetosa L.
common sorrel
rumex acetosa
spinach dock
Rumex acetosa
mint family
Lamiaceae
Lamiales
greater amberjack
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:650
FAO ASFIS:AMB
ITIS:168689
http://eol.org/pages/993271
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2391
greater amberjack
Seriola dumerili
Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
amberjack, greater
seriola dumerili
Seriola dumerili
sweet lime plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8693
GRIN:10730
ITIS:501572
PLANTS:CILI2
http://eol.org/pages/488252
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4215
Citrus limetta Risso
bitter orange
Citrus limetta
*Calendula officinalis*, the pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold or Scotch marigold, is a plant in the genus *Calendula* of the family *Asteraceae*. Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add color to salads or added to dishes as a garnish and in lieu of saffron. The leaves are edible but are often not palatable. They have a history of use as a potherb and in salads.
marigold plant (Calendula)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula_officinalis
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8238
GRIN:8457
ITIS:36910
PLANTS:CAOF
http://eol.org/pages/467729
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3428
common marigold
pot marigold
Calendula officinalis L.
calendula
calendula officinalis
ruddles
scottish-marigold
Calendula officinalis
The Finger Lime plant, *Citrus australasica* (syn. *Microcitrus australasica*) is a thorny understorey shrub or small tree of lowland subtropical rainforest and dry rainforest in the coastal border region of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
The plant is 2-7 metres in height. Leaves are small, 1-6 cm long and 3-25 mm wide, glabrous, with a notched tip and crenate towards the apex. Flowers are white with petals 6-9 mm long. The fruit is cylindrical, 4-8 cm long, sometimes slightly curved, coming in different colours, including pink and green.
Early settlers consumed the fruit and retained the trees when clearing for agriculture. Colonial botanists suggested that they should be cultivated.
The finger lime has been recently popularised as a gourmet bushfood. The globular juice vesicles have been likened to a "lime caviar", which can be used as a garnish or added to various recipes. The fresh vesicles have the effect of a burst of effervescent tangy flavour as they are chewed. The fruit juice is acidic and similar to that of a lime. Marmalade and pickles are also made from finger lime. The finger lime peel can be dried and used as a flavouring spice.
There is a wide range of different coloured variants of finger lime fruit, including green, yellow, orange, red, purple, black and brown. Finger lime is thought to have the widest range of colour variation within any *Citrus* species.
australian finger lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_australasica
http://langual.org
GRIN:24247
ITIS:506393
PLANTS:MIAU4
http://eol.org/pages/483557
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4305
Australian finger-lime
Microcitrus australasica (F. Muell.) Swingle
citrus australasica
microcitrus australasica
Citrus australasica
Neopterygii
japanese pilchard
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:195
FAO ASFIS:JAP
ITIS:551222
http://eol.org/pages/2776999
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1974
Sardinops melanostictus
Sardinops melanostictus (Schlegel, 1846)
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
sardinops melanostictus
sardinops sagax melanosticta
Sardinops melanostictus
Protacanthopterygii
freshwater smelts and others
Osmeriformes
Ranunculales
Sapindales
Malvales
Myrtales
Ericales
Dipsacales
honeysuckle famly
Caprifoliaceae
Damion Dooley
european elder plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12780
GRIN:32994
ITIS:35324
MANSFELD:23325
PLANTS:SANI4
http://eol.org/pages/488731
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1403
European elder
elderberry
sambucus nigra
sambucus spp.
Sambucus nigra L.
black elderberry
Sambucus nigra
*Silene vulgaris* or Bladder Campion is a plant species of the genus *Silene*. The young shoots are edible, but saponin gives them a bitter flavor.
bladder campion plant
WIKIPEDIA:Silene_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13111
GRIN:105074
ITIS:20142
PLANTS:SIVU
http://eol.org/pages/581986
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3708
bladder campion
maiden's-tears
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
bladder silene
cowbell
maiden's tears
maiden's-tears
maidenstears
rattleweed
silene vulgaris
Silene vulgaris
white skate
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJA
ITIS:564123
http://eol.org/pages/217968
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4080
bottlenosed skate
Raja alba Lacepède, 1803
Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803)
raja alba
rostroraja alba
Rostroraja alba
blue skate
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJB
ITIS:564126
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4082
Dipturus batis 1 SPI-2007
blue grey skate
blue skate
common skate
flapper skate
gray skate
grey skate
Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja batis Linnaeus, 1758
blue skate
common european skate
dipturus batis
flapper skate
raja batis
Dipturus batis
Adoxaceae
daisy family
Asteraceae
*Arctium lappa*, commonly called greater burdock, edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable.
Damion Dooley
greater burdock plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7654
DPNL 2003:7655
GRIN:3857
ITIS:36545
PLANTS:ARLA3
http://eol.org/pages/468152
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2889
arctium lappa
beggar's buttons
edible burdock
goboInOwl burdock
great burdock
greater burdock
happy major
lappa
thorny burr
Arctium lappa L.
Arctium lappa L. var. edule (Siebold ex Miq.) Mansf.
Arctium lappa
safflower plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8398
GRIN:9243
ITIS:501305
PLANTS:CATI
http://eol.org/pages/488433
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1548
safflower
Carthamus tinctorius L.
carthamus tinctorius
false saffron
Carthamus tinctorius
sunflowers
Helianthus
sunflower plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10207
GRIN:27923
ITIS:36616
MANSFELD:32888
PLANTS:HEAN3
http://eol.org/pages/468106
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1547
common sunflower
Helianthus annuus L.
giant greystripe
helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus
jerusalem artichoke plant
http://langual.org
BASIS:145
GRIN:27946
ITIS:36691
MANSFELD:32904
http://eol.org/pages/468029
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1038
Jerusalem artichoke
Helianthus tuberosus L.
girasole
helianthus tuberosus
jerusalem sunflower
Helianthus tuberosus
adriatic sturgeon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:131
FAO ASFIS:AAA
ITIS:161076
http://eol.org/pages/206887
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3816
Adriatic sturgeon
Acipenser naccarii
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte 1836
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1830
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836
acipenser naccarii
Acipenser naccarii
blackjack plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:7169
ITIS:35731
PLANTS:BIPI
http://eol.org/pages/579063
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3410
beggar-ticks
bur-marigold
cuckold
sticktight
Bidens pilosa L.
bidens pilosa
hairy beggar-ticks
spanish-needles
Bidens pilosa
date plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11866
GRIN:28046
ITIS:42458
MANSFELD:10700
PLANTS:PHDA4
http://eol.org/pages/1135088
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1209
date palm
Phoenix dactylifera L.
phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactylifera
Lactuca
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10657
DPNL 2003:10658
DPNL 2003:10659
DPNL 2003:10660
GRIN:21361
GRIN:21362
GRIN:404618
GRIN:404620
ITIS:36607
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3343
cultivated lettuce
garden lettuce
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L. H. Bailey
Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L.H.Bailey
Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.
lactuca sativa var. asparagina
lactuca sativa var. cos
leaf lettuce
red coral lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Solanoideae
Physaleae
northern wolffish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:905
FAO ASFIS:CAB
ITIS:550561
http://eol.org/pages/224968
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4036
northern wolffish
Anarhichas denticulatus
Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer, 1845
anarhichas denticulatus
Anarhichas denticulatus
grey gurnard
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1071
FAO ASFIS:GUG
ITIS:167044
http://eol.org/pages/204772
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2703
grey gurnard
Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelidonichthys gurnardus
trigla gurnardus
Eutrigla gurnardus
liza
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:538
FAO ASFIS:MUB
ITIS:170338
http://eol.org/pages/356328
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2359
liza mullet
Mugil liza
Mugil liza Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836
lebranche mullet
mugil brasiliensis
mugil liza
Mugil liza
cardoon plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9112
GRIN:12839
ITIS:37221
MANSFELD:31793
PLANTS:CYCA
http://eol.org/pages/467498
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1727
cardoon
cardoon
cynara cardunculus
wild artichoke
Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynara cardunculus
Barbados cherry family
Malpighiaceae
*Byrsonima crassifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the acerola family, *Malpighiaceae*, that is native to tropical America. It is valued for its small, sweet, yellow fruit, which are strongly scented. Common names include nanche, nance, chacunga, changunga, craboo, kraabu, savanna serrette (or savanna serret) and golden spoon.
golden-spoon plant
WIKIPEDIA:Byrsonima_crassifolia
http://langual.org
GRIN:8222
ITIS:29263
PLANTS:BYCR
http://eol.org/pages/592366
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4461
byrsonima crassifolia
craboo
craboo
golden-spoon
indano
maricao cimun
murici
nance
nance
yoco
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
Byrsonima crassifolia
Atheresthes
arrowtooth flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1111
FAO ASFIS:ARF
FDA RFE 2010:55
ITIS:616029
http://eol.org/pages/203944
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1866
arrowtooth flounder
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
Reinhardtius stomias
Reinhardtius stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
atheresthes stomias
Atheresthes stomias
*Cornus mas* (Cornelian cherry, European cornel or Cornelian cherry dogwood) is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family *Cornaceae* native to Southern Europe and Southwestern Asia.
The fruits when ripe on the plant bear a resemblance to coffee berries, and ripen in mid- to late summer. The fruit is edible (mainly consumed in Eastern Europe, UK, and Iran), but the unripe fruit is astringent. The fruit only fully ripens after it falls from the tree. When ripe, the fruit is dark ruby red or a bright yellow. It has an acidic flavour which is best described as a mixture of cranberry and sour cherry; it is mainly used for making jam, makes an excellent sauce similar to cranberry sauce when pitted and then boiled with sugar and orange, but also can be eaten dried. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornus_mas]
cornelian cherry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8849
GRIN:11563
ITIS:565094
MANSFELD:24774
PLANTS:COMA21
http://eol.org/pages/591119
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2946
cornelian cherry
Cornus mas L.
cornus mas
Cornus mas
Engraulis
japanese anchovy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:216
FAO ASFIS:JAN
ITIS:161835
http://eol.org/pages/207206
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3838
Japanese anchovy
Engraulis japonicus
Engraulis japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1846
Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
engraulis japonicus
Engraulis japonicus
european bittersweet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1368
FAO ASFIS:GKL
ITIS:79429
http://eol.org/pages/449946
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3645
Glycymeris glycymeris
Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1767)
common european bittersweet
dog cockle
glycymeris glycymeris
pectunculus glycymeris
Glycymeris glycymeris
arabian mummum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:9161
ITIS:30165
PLANTS:CAED8
http://eol.org/pages/581123
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2796
Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl
Carissa edulis Vahl
carissa edulis
carissa edulis var. candolleana
carissa edulis var. cornifolia
carissa edulis var. tomentosa
egyptian carissa
wild plum (carissa edulis)
Carissa spinarum
english holly plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10443
GRIN:19666
ITIS:503154
PLANTS:ILAQ80
http://eol.org/pages/486842
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1697
English holly
Ilex aquifolium L.
ilex aquifolium
ilex spp.
Ilex aquifolium
mediterranean flagfin
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:383
FAO ASFIS:ULF
ITIS:644695
http://eol.org/pages/211393
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3825
royal flagfin
Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792)
aulopus filamentosus
Aulopus filamentosus
anchovies
Engraulidae
The Tufted Puffin (*Fratercula cirrhata*) also known as Crested Puffin, is a relatively abundant medium-sized pelagic seabird in the auk (*Alcidae*) family found throughout the North Pacific Ocean. It is one of three species of puffin that make up the *Fratercula* genus and is easily recognizable by its thick red bill and yellow tufts.
tufted puffin
WIKIPEDIA:Tufted_Puffin
http://langual.org
ITIS:177032
http://eol.org/pages/1049982
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4293
Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas, 1769)
crested puffin
fratercula cirrhata
Fratercula cirrhata
heath family
Ericaceae
bombay duck
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:290
FAO ASFIS:BUC
ITIS:162425
http://eol.org/pages/220324
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2499
Bombay duck
Bombay duck fish
Bombay-duck
Harpadon nehereus
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822)
Harpadon nehereus Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822
bumalo
bummalow
harpadon nehereus
Harpadon nehereus
Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as great morinda, Indian mulberry, nunaakai (Tamil Nadu, India) , dog dumpling (Barbados), mengkudu (Indonesia and Malaysia), Kumudu (Balinese), pace (Javanese), beach mulberry, cheese fruit[1] or noni (from Hawaiian) is a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae.
indian mulberry tree
WIKIPEDIA:Morinda_citrifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11258
GRIN:318237
ITIS:35071
PLANTS:MOCI3
http://eol.org/pages/1095628
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3470
Indian mulberry
awl tree
Morinda citrifolia L.
gret morinda
hog apple
indian mulberry
morinda citrifolia
noni
rotten cheesefruit
Morinda citrifolia
black pomfret
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:POB
FDA RFE 2010:49
ITIS:168785
http://eol.org/pages/994621
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2377
black pomfret
Parastromateus niger
Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)
apolectus niger
parastromateus niger
Parastromateus niger
indian threadfin
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LTD
ITIS:168604
http://eol.org/pages/356345
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2188
Indian threadfish
Alectis indicus
Alectis indicus (Rüppell 1830)
Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830)
threadfin, indian
Alectis indica
Canarium
Canarium <eudicots>
Canarium ovatum, commonly known as pili, is a species of tropical tree belonging to the genus Canarium. It is one of approximately 600 species in the family Burseraceae. Pili are native to maritime Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and Northern Australia. They are commercially cultivated in the Philippines for their edible nuts.
Damion Dooley
pili tree
WIKIPEDIA:Canarium_ovatum
http://langual.org
GRIN:8819
ITIS:506413
PLANTS:CAOV7
http://eol.org/pages/483518
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1289
canarium ovatum
pili nut tree
Canarium ovatum Engl.
Canarium ovatum Engler
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pili fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PILI TREE [B1289]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Canarium ovatum
*Quassia amara* is a species in the genus *Quassia*, with some botanists treating it as the sole species in the genus. It is famous and used for the bitterwood or quassia, its heartwood, used as a febrifuge; this contains quassin, a bitter-tasting substance (it is, in fact, the bitterest substance found in nature). Extracts of *Q. amara* bark containing quassinoids are used as insecticides, being particularly useful against aphids on crop plants. It is also used to flavor aperitifs and bitters which are added to cocktails.
bitterwood plant
WIKIPEDIA:Bitterwood
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12404
GRIN:30632
ITIS:28841
PLANTS:QUAM
http://eol.org/pages/582215
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2793
quassia
Quassia amara L.
mafourere
quassia amara
quassia-wood
surinam quassia
Quassia amara
Schinus
Peruvian Pepper (*Schinus molle*, also known as American pepper, Peruvian peppertree, escobilla, false pepper, molle del Peru, pepper tree, peppercorn tree, Californian pepper tree, pirul and Peruvian mastic) is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters (50 feet). It is native to the Peruvian Andes. The bright pink fruits of Schinus molle are often sold as "pink peppercorns" although S. molle is unrelated to true pepper (Piper nigrum).
Although not related to commercial pepper (*Piper nigrum*) the pink/red berries, like the berries of its close relative the Brazilian pepper (*Schinus terebinthifolius*), are sold as pink peppercorns and often blended with commercial pepper.
peruvian peppertree
WIKIPEDIA:Schinus_molle
http://langual.org
GRIN:70668
ITIS:28811
PLANTS:SCMO
http://eol.org/pages/582275
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4348
Schinus molle L.
schinus molle
Schinus molle
Spondias
jewish plum plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13277
GRIN:35331
ITIS:182142
PLANTS:SPDU3
http://eol.org/pages/596822
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4234
Otaheite-apple
Polynesian-plum
ambarella
golden-apple
wi-tree
yellow plum
Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson
spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis
water-lily family
Nymphaeaceae
southern pink shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1211
FAO ASFIS:SOP
ITIS:551575
http://eol.org/pages/1033937
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3630
Farfantepenaeus notialis (Pérez Farfante, 1967)
Penaeus notialis Perez Farfante, 1967
farfantepenaeus notialis
penaeus notialis
Penaeus notialis
Seeds of prickly water-lily frequently cultivated in India and China. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euryale_ferox]
euryale plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:16447
ITIS:506588
MANSFELD:11779
PLANTS:EUFE6
http://eol.org/pages/485242
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2524
Euryale ferox Salisb.
euryale ferox
fox nut
gorgon nut
Euryale ferox
lotus plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11328
GRIN:25110
ITIS:18400
PLANTS:NENU2
http://eol.org/pages/596454
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1216
Indian lotus
Indian lotus
Nelumbo nucifera
padma
sacred lotus
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera
blue cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:855
FAO ASFIS:NEB
ITIS:170968
http://eol.org/pages/223569
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2290
New Zealand blue cod
blue cod
Parapercis colias
Parapercis colias (Bloch and Schneider, 1801 )
Parapercis colias (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)
australian cod
new zealand cod
parapercis colias
Parapercis colias
skipjack trevally
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SXW
ITIS:621129
http://eol.org/pages/211643
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3970
skipjack trevally
Pseudocaranx wrighti (Whitley, 1931)
pseudocaranx wrighti
Pseudocaranx wrighti
yelloweye mullet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MAD
ITIS:170374
http://eol.org/pages/1012810
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2896
yellow-eye mullet
Aldrichetta forsteri
Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836)
Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes, 1836)
aldrichetta forsteri
Aldrichetta forsteri
Silver perch (*Bidyanus bidyanus*) is a medium sized freshwater fish endemic to the Murray-Darling river system in south-eastern Australia. The scientific name comes from an aboriginal name for the species recorded by Major Mitchell on his 1832 expedition. It is not a perch, being a grunter in the family *Terapontidae*. It is the largest of the Australian grunters, capable of growing to 40 cm and 8 kg, more usually around 30 cm and up to 1.5 kg.
silver perch
WIKIPEDIA:Bidyanus_bidyanus
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:321008
FAO ASFIS:BYB
ITIS:168040
http://eol.org/pages/205881
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4310
Bidyan perch
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838)
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838)
Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell, 1838
bidyan perch
bidyanus bidyanus
Bidyanus bidyanus
The rock cod (Lotella rhacina) is a temperate fish found off the coasts of southeastern Australia, Tasmania, the Great Australian Bight and northwards up the southwestern Australia coasts. They are also found around the coasts of New Zealand and California.
rock cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:622984
http://eol.org/pages/214054
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2145
beardie
lotella rhacina
pacific rockfish
physiculus barbatus
rock cod
Lotella rhacina
Lotella rhacina (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Lotella rhacina
brazilian duckbill
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:FLA
ITIS:630413
http://eol.org/pages/203802
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1928
Percophis brasiliensis
Percophis brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard 1825
Percophis brasiliensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825
percophis brasiliensis
Percophis brasiliensis
red cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NEC
ITIS:550677
http://eol.org/pages/213429
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2179
red codling
Pseudophycis bachus
Pseudophycis bachus (Forster 1801)
Pseudophycis bachus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
physiculus bachus
pseudophycis bachus
Pseudophycis bachus
Rhombosolea
tea plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8281
GRIN:8732
ITIS:506801
MANSFELD:4999
PLANTS:CASI16
http://eol.org/pages/482447
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1623
black tea
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
camellia sinensis
camellia thea
thea sinensis
Camellia sinensis
monocots
monocotyledons
Liliopsida
Pleoticus
argentine red shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1243
FAO ASFIS:LAA
ITIS:95971
http://eol.org/pages/344949
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2614
Argentine red shrim
Pleoticus muelleri
Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888)
pleoticus muelleri
Pleoticus muelleri
crystal shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC:1201
FAO ASFIS:CSP
ITIS:551572
http://eol.org/pages/1021967
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3626
crystal shrimp
Farfantepenaeus brevirostris (Kingsley, 1878)
Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley 1878
Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley, 1878
penaeus brevirostris
Penaeus brevirostris
deep-water rose shrimp
FAO Species fact sheet [http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2598].
http://langual.org
CEC 1993 :1199
FAO ASFIS:DPS
ITIS:95733
http://eol.org/pages/343935
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3496
Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas 1846)
Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846)
deepwater rose shrimp
gamba
neopenaeopsis paradoxus
parapenaeus longirostris
parapenaeus paradoxus
penaeopsis paradoxus
penaeus bocagei
penaeus cocco
penaeus longirostris
Parapenaeus longirostris
greater lizardfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LIG
ITIS:162414
http://eol.org/pages/215089
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3826
greater lizardfish
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795)
saurida tumbil
Saurida tumbil
pickhandle barracuda
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:526
FAO ASFIS:BAC
ITIS:170433
http://eol.org/pages/211500
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2392
pickhandle barracuda
Sphyraena jello
Sphyraena jello Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829
giant sea pike
sphyraena jello
Sphyraena jello
arum family
Araceae
American ginseng (*Panax quinquefolius*) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, commonly used as Chinese or herbal medicine. An extract is sold as Cold-fX. It is native to eastern North America, though it is also cultivated in places such as China.
american ginseng plant
WIKIPEDIA:American_ginseng
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11606
GRIN:26381
ITIS:29399
PLANTS:PAQU
http://eol.org/pages/1153392
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4525
Panax quinquefolius L.
panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius
Arca
*Malva verticillata*, also known as the Chinese mallow or cluster mallow, is a species of the mallow genus *Malva* in the family of *Malvaceae* found in East Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva_verticillata]
cluster mallow plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:23312
ITIS:21841
PLANTS:MAVE
http://eol.org/pages/584649
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5075
MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L.
Malva verticillata L.
chinese mallow
malva verticillata
Malva verticillata
japanese ginseng plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11603
GRIN:102778
ITIS:822354
http://eol.org/pages/1153395
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4527
Japanese ginseng
chikusetu-ninjin
satsuma-ninjin
tochiba-ninjin
Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Mey.
Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey.
Panax japonicus C.A.Mey
panax japonicus
Panax japonicus
grass family
Poaceae
A species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals).
common oat plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7879
GRIN:6123
ITIS:41459
MANSFELD:33218
PLANTS:AVSA
http://eol.org/pages/1114783
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1219
cultivated oat
cultivated oats
oat plant
oats
Avena sativa L.
avena sativa
Avena sativa
Job's Tears, Coixseed, adlay, or adlai, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family *Poaceae* (grass family) native to East Asia and peninsular Malaysia but elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an annual. The variety *Coix lacryma-jobi* var. *ma-yuen* is harvested as a cereal crop and is used medicinally in parts of Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%27s_tears]
job's tears plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:11129
ITIS:41586
MANSFELD:36435
PLANTS:COLA
http://eol.org/pages/1114853
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2341
Job's tears
Coix lacryma-jobi L.
coix lacryma-jobi
Coix lacryma-jobi
*Eleusine coracana*, including African finger millet and caracan millet (koracan), is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. E. coracana is native to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is very adaptable to higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to 2,300 metres in elevation.
DPNL 2003:9496
GRIN:14992
ITIS:41691
PLANTS:ELCO3
finger millet
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.
Eleusine coracana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10323
DPNL 2003:10324
DPNL 2003:10325
GRIN:19333
GRIN:317403
ITIS:40874
MANSFELD:37920
PLANTS:HOVU
http://eol.org/pages/1114455
barley
Hordeum vulgare L.
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare
hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
Hordeum vulgare
sea-grape plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:10993
ITIS:21039
PLANTS:COUV
http://eol.org/pages/585315
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3389
kino
platter-leaf
shore grape
Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.
Coccoloba uvifera Jacq.
coccoloba uvifera
jamaican kino
platterleaf
Coccoloba uvifera
Gobius
*Origanum onites*, the Cretan oregano, Turkish oregano, pot marjoram, is a plant species in the genus Origanum found in Sicily, Greece and Turkey. It has similar flavors as oregano. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origanum_onites]
pot marjoram plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:405610
ITIS:506029
PLANTS:ORON2
http://eol.org/pages/483862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1097
origanum heracleoticum
origanum onites
pot marjoram
turkish oregano
Origanum onites L.
Origanum onites
Oryza
red rice
rice
Oryza sativa
new zealand spinach plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:36385
ITIS:19938
MANSFELD:23031
PLANTS:TETE3
http://eol.org/pages/595055
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1732
Tetragonia tetragonioides
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) Kuntze
Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze
new zealand spinach
tetragonia expansa
tetragonia tetragonoides
Tetragonia tetragonoides
*Oryza glaberrima*, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa, and was brought to the Americas by enslaved West African rice farmers. It is now largely a subsistence crop, rarely sold in markets even in West Africa. While it has been partly replaced by higher-yielding Asian rice, and the number of varieties grown is declining, it persists, making up an estimated 20% of rice grown in West Africa.
By comparison to Asian rice, it is hardy, pest-resistant, low-labour, suited to a variety of African conditions, filling, and has a distinct nutty flavour.
Crossbreeding between African and Asian rice is difficult, but there exist some crosses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryza_glaberrima]
african rice plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:26062
ITIS:506651
PLANTS:ORGL2
http://eol.org/pages/1115583
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2512
African rice
Oryza glaberrima Steud.
Oryza glaberrima Steudel
oryza glaberrima
red rice
rice, red
Oryza glaberrima
panicgrasses
Panicum
common millet plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11617
GRIN:317710
ITIS:40946
MANSFELD:34757
PLANTS:PAMI2
http://eol.org/pages/1114498
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1285
broom millet
common millet
proso millet
Panicum miliaceum L.
panicum miliaceum
proso millet
Panicum miliaceum
white pomfret
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:642905
http://eol.org/pages/1156477
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1927
Pampus cinereus
Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795)
pampus cinereus
stromateus cinereus
Pampus cinereus
caribbean red snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:683
FAO ASFIS:SNC
FDA RFE 2010:33
ITIS:168859
http://eol.org/pages/356305
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2150
Carribean red snapper
southern red snapper
Lutjanus purpureus
Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866)
Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867
Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1876
lutjanus purpureus
Lutjanus purpureus
pearl millet plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11715
GRIN:27187
ITIS:565385
PLANTS:PEGL2
http://eol.org/pages/1115854
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2140
bulrush millet
cattail millet
pearl millet
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
bulrush millet
indian millet (pennisetum)
pennisetum glaucum
Cenchrus americanus
common rye plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12952
GRIN:33443
ITIS:42090
MANSFELD:33999
PLANTS:SECE
http://eol.org/pages/1115159
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2352
rye
Secale cereale L.
Secale cereale subsp. cereale
rye, common
secale cereale
Secale cereale
Okra (*Abelmoschus esculentus* Moench, known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world.
okra plant
WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_esculentus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7006
GRIN:619
ITIS:21770
PLANTS:ABES
http://eol.org/pages/584458
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1241
gumbo
kacang bendi
lady's fingers
lady's-fingers
okra
quiabo
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
abelmoschus esculentus
gombo
gumbo
hibiscus esculentus
lady's finger
Abelmoschus esculentus
spotted rose snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJS
ITIS:168856
http://eol.org/pages/212586
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1803
spotted rose snapper
Lutjanus guttatus
Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869)
lutjanus guttatus
snapper, spotted rose
Lutjanus guttatus
foxtail millet
Setaria italica
Sorghum
A grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions.
http://langual.org
2021-02-11T22:01:08Z
DPNL 2003:13225
GRIN:35092
ITIS:42108
MANSFELD:35798
PLANTS:SOBI2
http://eol.org/pages/1115166
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1448
broomcorn
brown egyptian corn
guinea corn
indian millet
milo
red guinea corn
sorghum
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
gooseneck sorgho
kaffir
kafir
milo
Brown durra is nearly identical with White durra except in having brown kernels with a nucellar layer present and in having awnless lemmas. Brown durra never became as poular as the white-seeded variety, owing to the bitterness of the seed. Synonym - Brown Egyptian corn. [Common Sorghum Varieties, Technical Bulletin 506, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture]
Sorghum bicolor
The pool frog is a European frog. It is one of only four amphibian species recognized by the UK government as protected under its Biodiversity Action Plan.
pool frog
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGL
ITIS:775190
http://eol.org/pages/332998
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3465
pool frog
Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882)
Rana lessonae Camerano 1882
Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882
pelophylax lessonae
rana lessonae
Pelophylax lessonae
Triticum
Canadian hard winter wheat
bread wheat
common wheat
wheat
Triticum aestivum
Durum wheat, also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum),[4] is a tetraploid species of wheat. It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production.
durum wheat plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13672
GRIN:406896
MANSFELD:34092
PLANTS:TRDU3
http://eol.org/pages/8223
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1079
durum wheat
Triticum durum Desf.
Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.
macaroni wheat
pasta wheat
triticum durum
triticum ispahanicum ssp. durum
triticum turgidum var. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0381-3
Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat, *Triticum boeoticum* (the spelling baeoticum is also common), or to the domesticated form, *Triticum monococcum*. The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies of *T. monococcum*. Einkorn is a diploid species of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger.
einkorn plant
WIKIPEDIA:Einkorn
http://langual.org
GRIN:410367
ITIS:42241
PLANTS:TRMO22
http://eol.org/pages/1115242
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3506
einkorn wheat
one-grained wheat
small spelt
Triticum monococcum L.
Triticum monococcum
Solanum dulcamara is a species of vine in the potato genus *Solanum*, family *Solanaceae*. It is native to Europe and Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere, including North America, where it is an invasive problem weed.
Solanum dulcamara is a species of vine in the potato genus *Solanum*, family *Solanaceae*. It is native to Europe and Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere, including North America, where it is an invasive problem weed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_dulcamara]
european bittersweet plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_dulcamara
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13163
GRIN:101313
ITIS:30414
PLANTS:SODU
http://eol.org/pages/581116
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1076
climbing nightshade
Solanum dulcamara L.
amara dulcis
bitter nightshade
bittersweet
bittersweet nightshade
blue bindweed
climbing nightshade
fellenwort
felonwood
poisonberry
poisonflower
scarlet berry
snakeberry
solanum dulcamara
trailing bittersweet
trailing nightshade
violet bloom
woody nightshade
Solanum dulcamara
*Psoralea esculenta* (prairie turnip) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to prairies and dry woodlands of central North America, which bears a starchy tuberous root edible as a root vegetable. The plant is also known as *Pediomelum esculenta*. English names for the plant include tipsin, teepsenee, breadroot, breadroot scurf pea, and pomme blanche. The prairie turnip was a staple food of the Plains Indians.
Damion Dooley
prairie turnip plant
WIKIPEDIA:Prairie_Turnip
http://langual.org
GRIN:312047
ITIS:504177
PLANTS:PEES
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4493
breadroot
pediomelum esculentum
prairie turnip
prairie-turnip
psoralea esculenta
Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.
Pediomelum esculentum
argentine sea bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:560
FAO ASFIS:BSZ
ITIS:167953
http://eol.org/pages/205716
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1762
Argentine seabass
Acanthistius brasilianus
Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier, 1828)
acanthistius brasilianus
sea bass, argentine
Acanthistius brasilianus
river anchoita
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:219
FAO ASFIS:ANR
ITIS:161865
http://eol.org/pages/207083
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3840
Atlantic sabretooth anchovy
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz, 1829)
lycengraulis grossidens
Lycengraulis grossidens
argentine queenfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PAO
ITIS:641991
http://eol.org/pages/205256
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1939
parona leatherjacket
Parona signata
Parona signata (Jenyns 1841)
Parona signata (Jenyns, 1841)
parona signata
Parona signata
silver warehou
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SEO
ITIS:172533
http://eol.org/pages/213832
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2678
choicy ruff
cojinoba
cojinoba del norte
cojinova
cojinova savorin
Seriolella porosa Guichenot, 1848
seriolella porosa
Seriolella porosa
asian clam
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CMA
ITIS:81387
http://eol.org/pages/395903
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2646
asian clam
Corbicula fluminea (Muller 1774)
Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774)
corbicula fluminea
Corbicula fluminea
winter-purslane plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8715
GRIN:316941
ITIS:20395
PLANTS:CLPE
http://eol.org/pages/586874
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3420
claytonia perfoliata
cuban-spinach
miner's lettuce
miner's-lettuce
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.; Montia perfoliata Howell
Claytonia perfoliata
Old World silversides
Atherinopsidae
pineapple plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7482
GRIN:3074
ITIS:42335
MANSFELD:25228
PLANTS:ANCO30
http://eol.org/pages/1126520
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1484
pineapple
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
ananas comosus
piña
Ananas comosus
Zingiberales
white bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:589
FAO ASFIS:ROY
ITIS:167682
http://eol.org/pages/204284
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1764
white bass
Morone chrysops
Morone chrysops (Rafinesque 1820)
Morone chrysops (Rafinesque, 1820)
bass, white
morone chrysops
Morone chrysops
white perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:588
FAO ASFIS:PEW
ITIS:167678
http://eol.org/pages/216654
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1152
white perch
Morone americana
Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789)
morone americana
Morone americana
pacific littleneck clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PTS
ITIS:81464
http://eol.org/pages/401135
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1035
Protothaca staminea
Protothaca staminea (Conrad, 1837)
native littleneck
protothaca staminea
steamer
Leukoma staminea
banana family
Musaceae
*Ensete ventricosum*, commonly known as the Ethiopian banana, Abyssinian banana, false banana, or ensete, is an herbaceous species of flowering plant in the banana family Musaceae.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensete_ventricosum]
red banana plant (Ensete ventricosum)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9520
GRIN:15184
ITIS:506498
PLANTS:ENVE2
http://eol.org/pages/1119982
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1561
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheeseman
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman
abyssinian banana
ensete
ensete ventricosum
false banana
red banana
red-skinned banana
Ensete ventricosum
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002793
Musa
dwarf banana plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11277
GRIN:24706
ITIS:42390
MANSFELD:12410
PLANTS:MUAC
http://eol.org/pages/1116073
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1559
banana
dessert bananas
dwarf banana
sweet banana
Musa acuminata Colla
chinese banana
ladyfinger banana
musa acuminata, var. dwarf cavendish
musa cavendishii
musa chinensis
musa nana
Musa acuminata
ginger family
Zingiberaceae
The Edible-nest Swiftlet (*Aerodramus fuciphagus*) is a small bird of the swift family which is found in South-east Asia. Its nest is made of solidified saliva and is used to make bird's nest soup.
edible-nest swiftlet
WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia_fuciphaga
http://langual.org
ITIS:554970
http://eol.org/pages/1048602
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4524
edible-nest swiftlet
Aerodramus fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812)
aerodramus fuciphagus
collocalia fuciphaga
Aerodramus fuciphagus
curled lettuce
leaf lettuce
Lactuca sativa var. crispa
yam, tropical (plant)
http://langual.org
GRIN:14175
MANSFELD:18574
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1181
Dioscorea species
dioscorea alata
greater yam
guyana arrowroot
water yam
Dioscorea
Allium
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7309
GRIN:2244
ITIS:42720
PLANTS:ALCE
http://eol.org/pages/8187
onion
Allium cepa L.
pickling onion
allium cepa
Allium cepa
A wild plant and member of the onion genus *Allium*. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
2019-08-24T22:43:54Z
DPNL 2003:7306
GRIN:2217
GRIN:400394
GRIN:405537
ITIS:185435
ITIS:42708
PLANTS:ALAM
http://eol.org/pages/8790855
allium ampeloprasum
leek
levant garlic
Allium ampeloprasum L.
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum L., var. kurrat Schweinf. ex Krause
Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L.
allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum
wild leek
Allium ampeloprasum has been differentiated into five cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic, pearl onion, kurrat, and Persian leek.
Allium ampeloprasum
Garlic (*Allium sativum*) is a species in the onion genus, *Allium*.Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to Central Asia and northeastern Iran, and has long been a common seasoning worldwide, with a history of several thousand years of human consumption and use. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic]
garlic plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7327
GRIN:2368
GRIN:315611
ITIS:42652
MANSFELD:212
PLANTS:ALSA2
http://eol.org/pages/1084926
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1233
garlic
Allium sativum L.
allium sativum
Allium sativum
hickory shad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:156
FAO ASFIS:SHH
ITIS:161704
http://eol.org/pages/343495
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3866
hickory shad
Alosa mediocris
Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814)
alosa mediocris
Alosa mediocris
*Melilotus officinalis*, known as the yellow sweet clover, yellow melilot, ribbed melilot or common melilot is a species of legume native to Eurasia and introduced in North America, Africa and Australia.
sweet clover plant
WIKIPEDIA:Melilotus_officinalis
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11138
GRIN:24009
ITIS:26150
PLANTS:MEOF
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2332
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Melilotus officinalis Lam.
melilot
melilotus officinalis
yellow sweet clover
Melilotus officinalis
palm family
palms
Arecaceae
Phoenix
senegal date palm plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:28054
ITIS:504334
PLANTS:PHRE
http://eol.org/pages/1135083
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2786
Senegal date palm
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.
phoenix
phoenix reclinata
Phoenix reclinata
saw palmetto plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:103108
ITIS:42508
PLANTS:SERE2
http://eol.org/pages/1130738
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4202
saw palmetto
Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small
Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small
Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small
serenoa repens
Serenoa repens
Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the wild lowbush blueberry, is a species of blueberry native to eastern and central Canada (from Manitoba to Newfoundland) and the northeastern United States, growing as far south as the Great Smoky Mountains and west to the Great Lakes region.
lowbush blueberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13736
GRIN:40981
ITIS:23579
MANSFELD:18251
PLANTS:VAAN
http://eol.org/pages/583661
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3741
lowbush blueberry
lowbush blueberry
sugar berry
sweet lowbush blueberry
vaccinium angustifolium
Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton
Vaccinium angustifolium
*Allium canadense*, also known as Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion is a perennial plant native to eastern North America from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb. The plant is also reportedly naturalized in Cuba. *Allium canadense* has an edible bulb covered with a dense skin of brown fibers and tastes like an onion. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_canadense]
canadian onion plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:316541
ITIS:42635
PLANTS:ALCA3
http://eol.org/pages/8187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4324
Allium canadense L.
allium canadense
canada onion
wild garlic
wild onion
Allium canadense
The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a euryhaline bottom-dwelling goby of the family Gobiidae, native to central Eurasia including the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Round gobies have established large non-native populations in the Baltic Sea, several major Eurasian rivers, and the North American Great Lakes.
round goby
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NBU
ITIS:172072
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3936
Black spotted goby
Caspian round goby
Ginger goby
round goby
Neogobius melanostomus
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814)
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)
Neogobius melanostomus
tubenose goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1049
FAO ASFIS:RSO
ITIS:172080
http://eol.org/pages/218110
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3938
tubenose goby
Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811)
Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814)
Proterorhinus marmoratus
Typha
*Typha latifolia* (bulrush, common bulrush, broadleaf cattail, common cattail, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus *Typha*. It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa.
common cattail plant
WIKIPEDIA:Typha_latifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13705
GRIN:101629
ITIS:42326
PLANTS:TYLA
http://eol.org/pages/526590
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4517
common cattail
Typha latifolia L.
broadleaf cattail
bulrush
common bulrush
typha latifolia
Typha latifolia
rough-head grenadier
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:491
FAO ASFIS:RHG
ITIS:165421
http://eol.org/pages/206738
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3897
onion-eye grenadier
Macrourus berglax Lacepède 1801
Macrourus berglax Lacepède, 1801
Macrourus berglax Lacépède, 1801
macrourus berglax
Macrourus berglax
commelinids
gold-striped snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJL
ITIS:168888
http://eol.org/pages/596447
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1982
bigeye snapper
Lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus lutjanus
pacific sand lance
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:923
ITIS:171672
http://eol.org/pages/206901
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4007
Pacific sand lance
Ammodytes hexapterus
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1811
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814
ammodytes hexapteru
Ammodytes hexapterus
swollenhead conger eel
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.441. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
ITIS:635910
http://eol.org/pages/223764
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2918
swollen-headed conger eel
Bassanago bulbiceps Whitley, 1948
bassanago bulbiceps
pseudoxenamystax bulbiceps
Bassanago bulbiceps
blue tilapia
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OEA
ITIS:553308
http://eol.org/pages/2798107
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1832
blue tilapia
Oreochromis aureus
Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864)
oreochromis aureus
tilapia aurea
tilapia, blue
Oreochromis aureus
unicorn filefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ALM
ITIS:173133
http://eol.org/pages/217015
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2186
unicorn leatherjacket
Aluterus monoceros
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)
aluterus monoceros
andora
Aluterus monoceros
humpback whitefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:237
ITIS:161937
http://eol.org/pages/994760
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2284
humpback whitefish
Coregonus pidschian
Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789)
Coregonus pidschianoides (Pravdin)
arctic whitefish
coregonus pidschian
Coregonus pidschian
african fan palm plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:7424
ITIS:506708
PLANTS:BOAE
http://eol.org/pages/1123540
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2799
Borassus aethiopum C. Martius
Borassus aethiopum Mart.
borassus aethiopum
palmyra palm
Borassus aethiopum
sweet fennel plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102104
ITIS:29509
MANSFELD:1559
PLANTS:FOVU
http://eol.org/pages/585008
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3334
fennel
Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt.
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Battand. & Trabut
foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. dulce
roman fennel
Foeniculum vulgare
Lovage, *Levisticum officinale*, is a tall perennial plant, the sole species in the genus Levisticum in the family *Apiaceae*, subfamily *Apioideae*. The leaves can be used in salads, or to make soup or season broths, and the roots can be eaten as a vegetable or grated for use in salads. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovage]
lovage plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:22014
ITIS:29673
MANSFELD:1731
PLANTS:LEOF
http://eol.org/pages/467097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2952
lovage
Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch
Levisticum officinale W. Koch
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch
garden lovage
levisticum officinale
Levisticum officinale
*Caryocar brasiliense*, known as Pequi or "souari nut", like its congeners, is an edible fruit popular in some areas of Brazil, especially in Brazil's center-west region.
pequi plant
WIKIPEDIA:Caryocar_brasiliense
http://langual.org
GRIN:100466
ITIS:506783
PLANTS:CABR36
http://eol.org/pages/392753
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4545
Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.
caryocar brasiliense
souari nut
Caryocar brasiliense
Centella asiatica, commonly centella, is a small, herbaceous, annual plant of the family Mackinlayaceae or subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceae, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Asia.[1] It is used as a medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional African medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine. Botanical synonyms include *Hydrocotyle asiatica* L. and *Trisanthus cochinchinensis* (Lour.).
asiatic pennywort plant
WIKIPEDIA:Centella_asiatica
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8481
GRIN:9831
ITIS:29612
PLANTS:CEAS
http://eol.org/pages/581713
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2442
Asiatic pennywort
gotu kola
ji xue cao
sheep-rot
thankuni
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban
centella asiatica
hydrocotyle
hydrocotyle asiatica
indian pennywort
spadeleaf
Centella asiatica
ice krill
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRC
ITIS:95520
http://eol.org/pages/509402
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3578
ice krill
Euphausia crystallorophias Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Euphausia crystallorophias Holt and Tattersall, 1906
euphausia crystallorophias
Euphausia crystallorophias
northern krill
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRV
ITIS:95515
http://eol.org/pages/509430
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3580
Euphausia vallentini Stebbing, 1900
euphausia vallentini
Euphausia vallentini
norwegian krill
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1192
FAO ASFIS:NKR
ITIS:95534
http://eol.org/pages/509431
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3577
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars 1857)
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857)
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Sars, 1857)
meganyctiphanes norvegica
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
blackfin tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:998
FAO ASFIS:BLF
ITIS:172427
http://eol.org/pages/223944
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1070
blackfin tuna
Thunnus atlanticus
Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1830)
Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831)
thunnus atlanticus
Thunnus atlanticus
longtail tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1003
FAO ASFIS:LOT
ITIS:172430
http://eol.org/pages/212863
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1004
longtail tuna
northern bluefin tuna
Thunnus tonggol
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851)
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, I851)
neothunnus rarus
northern bluefin tuna
thunnus tonggol
Thunnus tonggol
flathead grey mullet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:537
FAO ASFIS:MUF
ITIS:170335
http://eol.org/pages/206857
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1783
Formosan gray mullet
Formosan grey mullet
flathead mullet
Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
mugil cephalus
striped mullet
Mugil cephalus
white mullet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MGU
ITIS:170336
http://eol.org/pages/344849
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1786
redeye mullet
silver mullet
white mullet
Mugil curema
Mugil curema Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836
blueback mullet
mugil curema
mullet, white
Mugil curema
northern puffer
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1171
FAO ASFIS:PUF
FDA RFE 2010:84
ITIS:173290
http://eol.org/pages/215834
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2239
Sphoeroides maculatus
Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
sea squab
sphoeroides maculatus
Sphoeroides maculatus
pigfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:699
FAO ASFIS:PIG
ITIS:169077
http://eol.org/pages/356344
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3947
pigfish
Orthopristis chrysoptera
Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)
orthopristis chrysoptera
Orthopristis chrysoptera
warty crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EIK
ITIS:199975
http://eol.org/pages/344746
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3555
Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775)
Eriphia verrucosa (Forsskål, 1775)
eriphia verrucosa
Eriphia verrucosa
american crocodile
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YUU
ITIS:174361
http://eol.org/pages/1056415
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3801
American crocodile
Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807)
Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807
central-american alligator
crocodylus acutus
Crocodylus acutus
eelpout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ELP
ITIS:165324
http://eol.org/pages/220012
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2292
viviparous blenny
Zoarces viviparus
Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
zoarces viviparus
Zoarces viviparus
siberian roe deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:625064
MSW3:14200222
http://eol.org/pages/129573
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4158
Eastern roe deer
Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771)
Capreolus pygargus Pallas, 1771
capreolus pygargus
eastern roe
Capreolus pygargus
roach (fish)
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:354
FAO ASFIS:FRO
ITIS:163761
http://eol.org/pages/205274
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1925
roach minnow
Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758)
rutilus rutilus
Rutilus rutilus
Ascomycota
ascomycetes
sac fungi
Ascomycota
*Tordylium apulum*, commonly known as the Mediterranean Hartwort, is an annual forb or herb. It is classified within the family *Apiaceae*, the carrot family. It is located in a range from Europe to west Asia, but was introduced to the United States. It is now found only in Arizona. The hartwort does have edible leaves. In Italy it is used as a condiment.
hartwort plant
WIKIPEDIA:Tordylium_apulum
http://langual.org
GRIN:36756
ITIS:505532
http://eol.org/pages/485022
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3711
Tordylium apulum L.
Tordylium maximum L.
tordylium apulum
tordylium maximum
Tordylium apulum
porkfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:694
FAO ASFIS:HNR
ITIS:169086
http://eol.org/pages/218029
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3944
porkfish
Anisotremus virginicus
Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anisostremus virginicus
Anisotremus virginicus
biglip grunt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:701
FAO ASFIS:GBL
ITIS:630211
http://eol.org/pages/219230
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3949
biglip grunt
Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Boulenger, 1899)
plectorhincus macrolepis
Plectorhinchus macrolepis
king threadfin
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:QSH
ITIS:645493
http://eol.org/pages/207636
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3457
king threadfin
Polydactylus macrochir (Günther, 1867)
king salmon
king threadfin salmon
polydactylus macrochir
polydactylus sheridani
threadfin salmon
Polydactylus macrochir
bigeye grunt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:695
FAO ASFIS:GRB
ITIS:169108
http://eol.org/pages/211778
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3945
bigeye grunt
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes, 1831)
brachydeuterus auritus
Brachydeuterus auritus
southern flounders
Rhombosoleidae
andaman lobster
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1305
FAO ASFIS:NEA
ITIS:552930
http://eol.org/pages/1021411
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3584
Andaman lobster
Metanephrops andamanicus (Wood-Mason, 1891)
metanephrops andamanicus
southern langoustine
Metanephrops andamanicus
arafura lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFU
ITIS:552931
http://eol.org/pages/1038468
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3587
Arafura lobster
Metanephrops arafurensis (De Man, 1905)
metanephrops arafurensis
Metanephrops arafurensis
northwest lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFL
ITIS:552933
http://eol.org/pages/324948
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3589
northwest lobster
Metanephrops australiensis (Bruce, 1966)
metanephrops australiensis
Metanephrops australiensis
caribbean lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MFI
ITIS:97323
http://eol.org/pages/343993
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3590
Caribbean lobsterette
Metanephrops binghami
Metanephrops binghami (Boone, 1927)
carribean lobsterette
metanephrops binghami
Metanephrops binghami
bight lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFO
ITIS:552934
http://eol.org/pages/324946
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3591
bight lobster
Metanephrops boschmai (Holthuis, 1964)
metanephrops boschmai
Metanephrops boschmai
new zealand lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MEC
ITIS:552935
http://eol.org/pages/346024
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3592
New Zealand lobster
Metanephrops challengeri
Metanephrops challengeri (Balss, 1914)
Metanephrops challengeri (Blass, 1914)
metanephrops challengeri
Metanephrops challengeri
formosa lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFM
ITIS:552936
http://eol.org/pages/289777
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3593
Formosa lobster
Metanephrops formosanus Chan & Yu 1987
Metanephrops formosanus Chan and Yu, 1987
metanephrops formosanus
Metanephrops formosanus
japanese lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFJ
ITIS:552937
http://eol.org/pages/999954
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3594
Japanese lobster
Metanephrops japonicus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1873)
metanephrops japonicus
Metanephrops japonicus
neptune lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFN
ITIS:552939
http://eol.org/pages/324947
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3596
Neptune lobster
Metanephrops neptunus (Bruce, 1965)
metanephrops neptunus
Metanephrops neptunus
sculpted lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFQ
ITIS:552941
http://eol.org/pages/324945
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3598
sculpted lobster
Metanephrops sagamiensis (Parisi, 1917)
metanephrops sagamiensis
okinawa sculptured lobster
Metanephrops sagamiensis
siboga lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFK
ITIS:552942
http://eol.org/pages/1038421
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3599
Siboga lobster
Metanephrops sibogae (De Man, 1916)
metanephrops sibogae
Metanephrops sibogae
china lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFD
ITIS:552943
http://eol.org/pages/324949
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3600
China lobster
Metanephrops sinensis (Bruce, 1966)
metanephrops sinensis
Metanephrops sinensis
velvet lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFV
ITIS:552945
http://eol.org/pages/1038467
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3602
velvet lobster
Metanephrops velutinus Chan & Yu 1991
Metanephrops velutinus Chan and Yu, 1991
metanephrops velutinus
Metanephrops velutinus
common shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1237
FAO ASFIS:CSH
ITIS:97118
http://eol.org/pages/1039673
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2874
Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758)
brown shrimp
crangon crangon
crangon vulgaris
Crangon crangon
small scaled brown slickhead
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AVS
ITIS:162312
http://eol.org/pages/344799
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2908
small scaled brown slickhead
Alepocephalus australis Barnard 1923
Alepocephalus australis Barnard, 1923
alepocephalus australis
Alepocephalus australis
*Salvia hispanica*, commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. Chia is grown commercially for its seed, a food that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Chia seeds are typically small ovals with a diameter of about 1 mm (0.039 in). They are mottle-colored with brown, gray, black and white. The seeds are hydrophilic, absorbing up to 12 times their weight in liquid when soaked. While soaking, the seeds develop a mucilaginous gel-like coating that gives chia-based beverages a distinctive texture.
chia plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salvia_hispanica
http://langual.org
GRIN:32939
ITIS:32718
PLANTS:SAHI6
http://eol.org/pages/578468
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1723
Salvia hispanica L.
salvia chia
salvia columbariae
salvia hispanica
Salvia hispanica
Emmer wheat (*Triticum dicoccum*), also known as farro especially in Italy, is a low yielding, awned wheat. It was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia.
emmer plant
WIKIPEDIA:Emmer
http://langual.org
ITIS:506639
http://eol.org/pages/1114086
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3505
cultivated emmer wheat
Triticum dicoccon Schrank
farro
triticum dicoccum
ttiticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon
Triticum dicoccon
cherimoya tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7535
GRIN:3479
ITIS:506198
MANSFELD:28726
PLANTS:ANCH9
http://eol.org/pages/1054913
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1687
cherimoya
chirimoya
custard apple
Annona cherimola Mill.
Annona cherimola Miller
annona cherimola
Annona cherimola
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
S. cerevisiae
baker's yeast
brewer's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cetengraulis
Gobiinae
Taraxacum
striped weakfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:WKS
ITIS:646597
http://eol.org/pages/210895
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2380
South American striped weakfish
Cynoscion striatus
Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829)
cynoscion striatus
south american striped weakfish
Cynoscion striatus
snake mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:941
FAO ASFIS:SNK
ITIS:172372
http://eol.org/pages/212632
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2185
barracouta
snoek
Thyrsites atun
Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791)
Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen,l791)
barracouta
snoek
thyrsites atun
Thyrsites atun
argentine stiletto shrimp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1193
FAO ASFIS:ASH
ITIS:95781
http://eol.org/pages/1039896
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3621
Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888
artemesia longinaris
Artemesia longinaris
Sonchus
*Sonchus asper* (Sharp-fringed Sow Thistle, Prickly Sow Thistle, Spiny Sow Thistle, or Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle) is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath. The base of the leaf surrounds the stem. The plant can reach 180 cm (6 ft) in height. The leaves and stems emit a milky sap when cut. The flowers grow in clusters and the end of the stems.
This plant is native to Europe, but is also a common weed in North American roadsides, landscapes, and pastures. Its edible leaves make a palatable and nutritious leaf vegetable.
spinu sowthistle plant
WIKIPEDIA:Sonchus_asper
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13193
GRIN:34933
ITIS:38424
PLANTS:SOAS
http://eol.org/pages/492388
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4299
prickly sow-thistle
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
prickly sow thistle
rough sow thistle
sharp-fringed sow thistle
sonchus asper
spiny leaved sow thistle
spiny-leaf sow thistle
spiny-leaf sowthistle
Sonchus asper
Sow thistles have been used as fodder, particularly for rabbits, hence the other common names of "hare thistle" or "hare lettuce". They are also edible to humans as a leaf vegetable; old leaves and stalks can be bitter but young leaves have a flavour similar to lettuce. Going by the name puha or rareke (raraki) it is frequently eaten in New Zealand as a vegetable, particularly by the native Maori. When cooked it tastes a little similar to chard. [Wikipedia]
annual sowthistle plant
sowthistle plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13194
GRIN:34939
ITIS:38427
PLANTS:SOOL
http://eol.org/pages/492350
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3415
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3715
common sow-thistle
Sonchus oleraceus L.
annual sow thistle
common sow thistle
common sowthistle
hare's lettuce
sonchus oleraceus
sow thistle
Sonchus oleraceus
dandelion
Taraxacum officinale
Anabantoidei
Ameiurus
variegated scallop
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1346
FAO ASFIS:VSC
ITIS:79628
http://eol.org/pages/449769
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4147
Chlamys varia
Chlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758)
chlamys varia
Mimachlamys varia
redfinger rubble crab
http://langual.org
ITIS:98888
http://eol.org/pages/1040970
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3554
Eriphia gonagra (J. C. Fabricius, 1781)
eriphia gonagra
warty crab
Eriphia gonagra
whitefishes
Coregoninae
trouts, salmons & chars
Salmoninae
winter cress
Barbarea
land cress plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7917
GRIN:105428
ITIS:22743
PLANTS:BAVE
http://eol.org/pages/584060
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2873
early winter cress
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers.
american cress
american winter cress
barbarea verna
creecy greens
early winter cress
early yellowrocket
normandy cress
upland cress
Barbarea verna
*Barbarea vulgaris*, also called as bittercress, herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus *Barbarea*, belonging to the family *Brassicaceae*.
winter cress plant
WIKIPEDIA:Barbarea_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7918
GRIN:6491
ITIS:22741
PLANTS:BAVU
http://eol.org/pages/584058
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4345
upland cress
winter cress
yellow rocket
Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.
Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton
Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton
barbarea vulgaris
rocket cress
yellow rocket
Barbarea vulgaris
*Trichosanthes cucumerina* is a tropical or subtropical vine; its variety *T. cucumerina* var. *anguina* raised for its strikingly long fruit, in Asia eaten immature as a vegetable much like the summer squash, and in Africa, the reddish pulp of its mature fruit is used as an economical substitute of tomato. Common names of the cultivated variety include snake gourd, serpent gourd [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichosanthes_cucumerina]
snake gourd plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13615
GRIN:12569
GRIN:40106
ITIS:505900
PLANTS:TRCU3
http://eol.org/pages/595306
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3434
snake gourd
Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
Trichosanthes cucumerina L.; syn: T. anguina L.
cucumis melo flexuosus
serpent gourd
serpent melon
snake melon
trichosanthes cucumerina
Trichosanthes cucumerina
pandora
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:783
FAO ASFIS:PAC
ITIS:169215
http://eol.org/pages/223570
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2871
common pandora
Pagellus erythrinus
Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
pagellus erythrinus
Pagellus erythrinus
black skipjack
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:957
FAO ASFIS:BKJ
ITIS:172405
http://eol.org/pages/206690
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1112
black skipjack
Euthynnus lineatus
Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920
euthynnus lineatus
Euthynnus lineatus
greater sandeel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:929
ITIS:171682
http://eol.org/pages/344930
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4010
great sand-eel
Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage, 1824)
hyperoplus lanceolatus
Hyperoplus lanceolatus
The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus *Myristica*. The most important commercial species is *Myristica fragrans*, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia. The nutmeg tree is important for two spices derived from the fruit: nutmeg and mace. Nutmeg is the actual seed of the tree, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or aril of the seed.
nutmeg plant
WIKIPEDIA:Nutmeg
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11300
GRIN:24855
ITIS:18125
MANSFELD:12036
PLANTS:MYFR3
http://eol.org/pages/596922
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1214
mace
nutmeg
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
myristica fragrans
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the spice mace made from nutmeg, use *NUTMEG [B1214]* and *ARIL [C0287]*.
Myristica fragrans
West African Pepper, also known as Ashanti Pepper, Benin Pepper, False Cubeb, Guinea Cubeb, Uziza Pepper or (ambiguously) "Guinea pepper", called locally kale, kukauabe, masoro, sasema and soro wisa, is a West African spice that corresponds to the dried fruit of *Piper guineense*.
west african pebber plant
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_guineense
http://langual.org
GRIN:28582
ITIS:506522
PLANTS:PIGU3
http://eol.org/pages/402261
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4349
Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn.
Piper guineense Schumacher & Thonn.
Piper guineense Thonn.
ashanti pepper
benin pepper
guinea cubeb
piper guineense
Piper guineense
Vanilla
*Vanilla planifolia* is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Mexico and Central America, and is one of the primary sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. Common names are flat-leaved vanilla, Tahitian vanilla, and West Indian vanilla (also used for the Pompona vanilla, *V. pompona*). Often, it is simply referred to as "the vanilla". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_planifolia]
bourbon vanilla plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13765
GRIN:41111
ITIS:43719
PLANTS:VAPL2
http://eol.org/pages/1127948
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5045
cultivated vanilla
Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Vanilla planifolia Jacks.
Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews
flat-leaved vanilla
vanilla
vanilla fragrans
vanilla planifolia
Vanilla planifolia
*Juglans regia*, the Persian walnut, English walnut, or especially in Great Britain, Common walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species native to the region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the Himalayas and southwest China. The whole fruit, including the husk, falls in autumn; the seed is large, with a relatively thin shell, and edible, with a rich flavor.
english walnut tree
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_regia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10558
GRIN:20772
ITIS:503244
MANSFELD:11850
PLANTS:JURE80
http://eol.org/pages/487229
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1130
English walnut
Juglans regia L.
juglans regia
persian walnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the English walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans regia
*Xanthosoma brasiliense* (Desf.) Engl. This particular taro was developed for its yield of edible leaves and stems rather than its roots. Food: the leaves and leaf stems are eaten as a cooked, green vegetable; the stems are widely used as a celery substitute in tropical areas. [http://greenharvest.com.au/Plants/Information/TahitianSpinach.html]
tahitian spinach plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13952
GRIN:42083
ITIS:42583
PLANTS:XABR
http://eol.org/pages/1127778
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4504
Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.
tahitian taro
xanthosoma brasiliense
Xanthosoma brasiliense
agile frog
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGM
ITIS:665296
http://eol.org/pages/1019739
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3461
agile frog
Rana dalmatina Bonaparte 1840
Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1839
rana dalmatina
Rana dalmatina
antarctic flying squid
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TFP
ITIS:555986
http://eol.org/pages/491913
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3700
Todarodes filippovae Adam 1975
Todarodes filippovae Adam, 1975
todarodes filippovae
Todarodes filippovae
queenfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EHU
ITIS:169362
http://eol.org/pages/224897
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2280
Seriphus politus
Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860
corvineta reina
seriphus politus
Seriphus politus
European cranberry
mossberry
Vaccinium oxycoccos
*Elaeis guineensis* is a species of palm commonly called African oil palm or macaw-fat. It is the principal source of palm oil. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis]
african oil palm plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9485
GRIN:14936
ITIS:506719
PLANTS:ELGU
http://eol.org/pages/1095470
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3330
African oil palm
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
elaeis guineensis
Elaeis guineensis
atlantic anchoveta
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:208
FAO ASFIS:AVA
ITIS:161861
http://eol.org/pages/211953
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3832
Atlantic anchoveta
tarpon fry
toothless anchovy
whalebone anchovy
Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)
cetengraulis edentulus
Cetengraulis edentulus
whitehead's round herring
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:WRR
ITIS:551211
http://eol.org/pages/207276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3852
Whitehead's round herring
Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983
etrumeus whiteheadi
Etrumeus whiteheadi
cabezon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SMQ
ITIS:692068
http://eol.org/pages/212214
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1788
cabezon
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854)
scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Asafoetida is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of *Ferula*. As its name suggests, asafoetida has a fetid smell, but in cooked dishes, it delivers a smooth flavour reminiscent of leeks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asafoetida]
asafoetida plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102100
GRIN:16603
ITIS:505943
PLANTS:FEAS2
http://eol.org/pages/482107
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2171
asafoetida
Ferula assa-foetida L.
Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel
asafoetida
devil's dung
ferula assa-foetida
ferula foetida
Ferula assa-foetida
Ajwain, ajowan *Trachyspermum ammi*, also known as Ajowan caraway, Oomam in Tamil, bishop's weed or carom, is an annual herb in the family *Apiaceae*. It originated in India. Both the leaves and the fruit (often mistakenly called seeds) of the plant are consumed by humans. The plant is also called bishop's weed, but this is a common name it shares with some other different plants. The "seed" (i.e., the fruit) is often confused with lovage "seed".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajwain]
ajowan plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:36803
ITIS:522739
PLANTS:TRAM13
http://eol.org/pages/477954
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2515
Apiaceae
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill
aiwain
ajawain
ajowan caraway
ajwain
ajwan
bishop's weed
carom
carum copticum
ooman
trachyspermum copticum
Trachyspermum ammi
sneep
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:318
FAO ASFIS:HON
ITIS:639383
http://eol.org/pages/339806
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3476
Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chondrostoma nasus
Chondrostoma nasus
spiny turbot
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PSB
ITIS:616138
http://eol.org/pages/211693
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4041
spiny turbot
Psettodes bennettii
Psettodes bennettii Steindachner, 1870
psettodes bennetti
spring turbot
Psettodes bennettii
The southern lemon sole, *Pelotretis flavilatus*, is a righteye flounder, the only species in the genus *Pelotretis*, found around New Zealand in enclosed waters such as estuaries, harbours, mudflats, and sandflats, in waters less than 385 m in depth. Their length is from 25 to 50 cm.
new zealand lemon sole
WIKIPEDIA:Pelotretis_flavilatus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:461796
FAO ASFIS:EOL
ITIS:172951
http://eol.org/pages/214951
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4512
southern lemon sole
Pelotretis flavilatus
Pelotretis flavilatus Waite, 1911
flounder
pelotretis flavilatus
southern lemon sole
Pelotretis flavilatus
new zealand sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:616113
http://eol.org/pages/214952
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2680
New Zealand sole
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Günther, 1862
peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Scophthalmidae
Scophthalmus
turbot
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1158
CEC 1993:1159
FAO ASFIS:TUR
ITIS:616195
http://eol.org/pages/213913
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1240
turbot
Psetta maxima
Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758)
Psetta maxima maeotica (Pallas, 1811)
psetta maxima
scophthalmus maximus
Scophthalmus maximus
incense tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:310568
ITIS:506415
PLANTS:CASC28
http://eol.org/pages/484974
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2840
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.
Canarium schweinfurthii Engler
canarium schweinfurthii
papo canary tree
Canarium schweinfurthii
Echinacea
Echinacea <eudicots>
pale purple cone-flower plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:70237
ITIS:37279
PLANTS:ECPA
http://eol.org/pages/467542
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4192
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
echinacea pallida
pale echinacea
Echinacea pallida
eastern purple coneflower plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9441
GRIN:14799
ITIS:37281
PLANTS:ECPU
http://eol.org/pages/467544
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4193
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
echinacea purpurea
Echinacea purpurea
*Dipteryx odorata* (commonly known as "cumaru" or "kumaru") is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, *Fabaceae*, that is native to the Orinoco region of northern South America. Its seeds are known as tonka beans. They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth, brown interior. Their fragrance is reminiscent of vanilla, almonds, cinnamon, and cloves.
tonka bean plant
WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_odorata
http://langual.org
GRIN:14393
ITIS:506251
PLANTS:DIOD2
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1039
cumaru
sarrapia
tonga-bean
Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.
Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd.
cumaru
dipteryx odorata
kumaru
Dipteryx odorata
Senna
chaste tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:41813
ITIS:32221
PLANTS:VIAG
http://eol.org/pages/579727
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4205
chasteberry
chastetree
Vitex agnus-castus L.
abraham's balm
chasteberry
monk's pepper
vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus
bleak
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ALR
ITIS:163663
http://eol.org/pages/203970
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3472
bleak
Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
alburnus alburnus
Alburnus alburnus
The smooth leatherjacket or velvet leatherjacket, *Meuschenia scaber*, is a filefish of the family *Monacanthidae*, found off eastern Australia and all around New Zealand to depths of about 100 m, on rocky weedy reef areas. Its length is between 25 and 35 cm. In New Zealand it is simply known as leatherjacket as it is the only fish of this family commonly found there.
velvet leatherjacket
WIKIPEDIA:Velvet_Leatherjacket
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:465005
FAO ASFIS:PKB
ITIS:646154
http://eol.org/pages/217899
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4290
velvet leatherjacket
Meuschenia scaber
Meuschenia scaber (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Meuschenia scaber Forster, 1801
Parika scaber (Forster, 1801)
meuschenia scaber
new zealand leatherjacket
parika scaber
Meuschenia scaber
The goldeye, *Hiodon alosoides*, is a species of fish in the mooneye family (Hiodontidae). It occurs from as far down the Mackenzie River as Aklavik in the north to Mississippi in the south, and from Alberta in the west to Ohio south of the Great Lakes, with an isolated population south of James Bay. It is notable for a conspicuous golden iris in the eyes.
goldeye
WIKIPEDIA:Goldeye
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:161905
http://eol.org/pages/994821
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4561
goldeye
Hiodon alosoides
Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819)
hiodon alosoides
laquaiche aux yeux d'or
Hiodon alosoides
little squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1404
FAO ASFIS:OUM
ITIS:556291
http://eol.org/pages/591526
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3682
Alloteuthis media (Linnaeus, 1758)
Loligo media
Loligo media (Linnaeus, 1758)
alloteuthis media
loligo media
Alloteuthis media
hardshell clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TCL
ITIS:81472
http://eol.org/pages/493294
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3636
Protothaca thaca
Protothaca thaca (Molina, 1782)
hardshell
protothaca thaca
quahog
Protothaca thaca
devil anglerfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1183
FAO ASFIS:MVO
ITIS:690539
http://eol.org/pages/218352
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4075
Cape monk
Lophius upsicephalus A. Smith, 1841
Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837
Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes, 1837
cape monk
lophius upsicephalus
lophius vomerinus
Lophius vomerinus
Sundaland noodlefishes
herrings
Clupeidae
menhadens
shads
Alosinae
Teuthida
Squatina
date plum plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9320
GRIN:14296
ITIS:505971
PLANTS:DILO8
http://eol.org/pages/482113
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3328
date-plum
guiaca
jun qian zi
mamegaki
Diospyros lotus L.
date-plum
diospyros lotus
lotus persimmon
lotus tree
Diospyros lotus
The pistachio, *Pistacia vera* in the *Anacardiaceae* family, is a small tree originally from Persia (Iran), which now can also be found in to regions of Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sicily and possibly Afghanistan (especially in the provinces of Samangan and Badghis). The fruit is a drupe, containing an elongated seed, which is the edible portion. The seed, commonly thought of as a nut, is a culinary nut, not a botanical nut.
pistachio plant
WIKIPEDIA:Pistachio
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12006
GRIN:28655
ITIS:506470
MANSFELD:28393
PLANTS:PIVE3
http://eol.org/pages/483483
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1416
pistachio
Pistacia vera L.
pistacia vera
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pistachio fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PISTACHIO [B1416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Pistacia vera
*Dioscorea cayennensis* subsp. *rotundata*, the "white yam", sometimes sold as "Guinea yam" or "white ñame", is a subspecies of yam native to Africa. It is one of the most important cultivated yams.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea_cayennensis_subsp._rotundata]
white guinea yam plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:14249
ITIS:43376
MANSFELD:18876
PLANTS:DIRO
http://eol.org/pages/1294852
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3398
Guinea yam
eboe yam
white guinea yam
white yam
Dioscorea rotundata Poir.
common yam
dioscorea cayennensis subsp. rotundata
dioscorea rotundata
eight-months yam
guinea yam
white yam
Dioscorea rotundata
cush-cush yam plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:14263
ITIS:43378
PLANTS:DITR3
http://eol.org/pages/1120635
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3397
aja
cush-cush
cush-cush yam
mapuey
name
sacha papa
tabena
yampee
yampi
Dioscorea trifida L.
Dioscorea trifida L. f.
dioscorea trifida
indian yam
Dioscorea trifida
*Stevia* is a genus of about 240 species of herbs and shrubs in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America. The species *Stevia rebaudiana*, commonly known as sweetleaf, sweet leaf, sugarleaf, or simply stevia, is widely grown for its sweet leaves. As a sweetener and sugar substitute, stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, although some of its extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations.
With its steviol glycoside extracts having up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar, stevia has garnered attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternatives.
stevia plant
WIKIPEDIA:Stevia_rebaudiana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13323
GRIN:35581
ITIS:505914
PLANTS:STRE2
http://eol.org/pages/483967
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4455
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni
candyleaf
stevia rebaudiana
sugarleaf
sweet leaf
sweetleaf
Stevia rebaudiana
spanish lime plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:70440
ITIS:28691
PLANTS:MEBI
http://eol.org/pages/582291
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1468
Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.
genip (melicoccus)
honeyberry
mamoncillo
melicoccus bijugatus
Melicoccus bijugatus
Cardiidae
common cockle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1373
FAO ASFIS:COC
ITIS:80901
http://eol.org/pages/395985
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3647
Cerastoderma edule
Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758)
cerastoderma edule
Cerastoderma edule
pacific deep sea crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HNX
ITIS:620998
http://eol.org/pages/318608
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2229
Chaceon granulatus (Sakai, 1978)
chaceon granulatus
geryon granulatus
japanese deep sea crab
Chaceon granulatus
spiny-tail skate
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:80
FAO ASFIS:RJQ
ITIS:160932
http://eol.org/pages/1156433
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4097
spinetail ray
Bathyraja spinicauda
Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914)
bathyraja spinicauda
Bathyraja spinicauda
The Great Horned Owl, (*Bubo virginianus*), also known as the Tiger Owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.
great horned owl
WIKIPEDIA:Bubo_virginianus
http://langual.org
ITIS:177884
http://eol.org/pages/914958
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4491
great horned owl
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788)
bubo virginianus
Bubo virginianus
woodcock
http://langual.org
ITIS:176580
http://eol.org/pages/1049378
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2119
American woodcock
Scolopax minor Gmelin, 1789
philohela minor
scolopax minor
Scolopax minor
*Luffa acutangula* (Angled luffa, Ridged luffa, Vegetable Gourd, Silk squash, Sin qua) is a species of *Luffa*. It is commercially grown for its unripe fruits as a vegetable. Mature fruits are used to make cleaning sponges. Its fruit slightly resembles a cucumber with ridges. It ranges from central Asia and eastern Asia to southeastern Asia.
angled loofah plant
WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_acutangula
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10954
GRIN:22787
ITIS:503569
PLANTS:LUAC2
http://eol.org/pages/487004
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3488
angled luffa
ribbed gourd
ribbed luffa
ridged gourd
silky gourd
singkwa towel gourd
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.
chinese-okra
luffa acutangula
ribbed gourd
ribbed loofah
ridged gourd
silky gourd
Luffa acutangula
bloch's gizzard shad
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CNS
ITIS:161807
http://eol.org/pages/204183
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2370
Bloch's gizzard shad
Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795)
gizzard shad
nematalosa nasus
Nematalosa nasus
*Hedysarum alpinum* is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name alpine sweetvetch. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America it is widespread in Canada and the northernmost United States, including Alaska.
alpine sweetvetch plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hedysarum_alpinum
http://langual.org
GRIN:18594
ITIS:26723
PLANTS:HEAL
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4483
alpine sweetvetch
Hedysarum alpinum L.
hedysarum alpinum
Hedysarum alpinum
red clover plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13634
GRIN:300623
ITIS:26313
PLANTS:TRPR2
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2333
peavine clover
purple clover
red clover
rotklee
Trifolium pratense L.
trifolium pratense
Trifolium pratense
cape lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HCW
ITIS:677531
http://eol.org/pages/345041
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3583
Cape lobster
Homarinus capensis (Herbst, 1792)
Homarus capensis (Herbst 1792)
homarus capensis
Homarinus capensis
ruffe
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ACC
ITIS:168520
http://eol.org/pages/203972
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3478
ruffe
Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gymnocephalus cernuus
Gymnocephalus cernua
European strawberry
alpine strawberry
wild strawberry
wood strawberry
Fragaria vesca
cloudberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12665
GRIN:32286
ITIS:24850
MANSFELD:8377
PLANTS:RUCH
http://eol.org/pages/623525
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2029
Rubus chamaemorus L.
baked apple berry
malka
rubus chamaemorus
salmonberry
yellowberry
Rubus chamaemorus
shortfin mako shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SMA
FDA RFE 2010:24
ITIS:159924
http://eol.org/pages/356797
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2471
shortfin mako
shortfin mako shark
Isurus oxyrinchus
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
isurus oxyrinchus
Isurus oxyrinchus
seed plants
Spermatophyta
*Cycas rumphii*, commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus *Cycas* native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a palm.
ceylon sago palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cycas_rumphii
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9084
GRIN:12728
ITIS:899532
http://eol.org/pages/630988
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4513
Cycas rumphii Miq.
cykas circinalis
cykas rumphii
false sago palm
queen sago
queen sago palm
Cycas rumphii
*Juniperus communis*, the common juniper, is a species of conifer in the genus *Juniperus*, in the family *Cupressaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus_communis]
juniper plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10567
GRIN:20821
ITIS:194820
PLANTS:JUCO6
http://eol.org/pages/1061674
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2040
common juniper
Juniperus communis L.
juniperus communis
Juniperus communis
Decapterus
japanese scad
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:634
FAO ASFIS:RSA
ITIS:168729
http://eol.org/pages/205139
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3963
Japanese scad
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842)
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)
decapterus maruadsi
Decapterus maruadsi
mangosteen tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9931
GRIN:71011
ITIS:21484
MANSFELD:16944
PLANTS:GAMA10
http://eol.org/pages/584879
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2037
garcinia mangostana
mangosteen
purple mangosteen tree
Garcinia mangostana L.
Garcinia mangostana
pink minnow
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:346
FAO ASFIS:PXP
ITIS:163596
http://eol.org/pages/204013
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3869
Eurasian minnow
Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
phoxinus phoxinus
Phoxinus phoxinus
amur bitterling
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ROR
ITIS:163607
http://eol.org/pages/204542
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3473
Amur bitterling
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas 1776)
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776)
rhodeus sericeus
Rhodeus sericeus
marmalade box plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:395
ITIS:34995
PLANTS:GEAM
http://eol.org/pages/1096067
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2662
Genipa americana L.
genipa americana
genipap
Genipa americana
atlantic jackknife
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1390
FAO ASFIS:CLR
ITIS:81022
http://eol.org/pages/448700
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3634
Ensis directus
Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843)
Ensis directus Conrad, 1843
atlantic jackknife clam
ensis directus
Ensis directus
goldsaddle goatfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RPY
ITIS:169456
http://eol.org/pages/211691
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3922
goldsaddle goatfish
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède 1801)
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801)
parupeneus cyclostomus
Parupeneus cyclostomus
sand shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GQS
ITIS:97110
http://eol.org/pages/342524
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2575
Crangon septemspinosa
Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818
crangon septemspinosa
shrimp, sand
Crangon septemspinosa
tamarind plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13434
GRIN:36219
ITIS:26980
MANSFELD:17761
PLANTS:TAIN2
http://eol.org/pages/639027
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1695
tamarind
Tamarindus indica L.
indian tamarind
tamarindus indica
Tamarindus indica
Phyllanthus
Phyllanthus <eudicots>
Spelt (*Triticum spelta; Triticum dicoccum*), also known as dinkel wheat or hulled wheat, is a species of wheat cultivated since approximately 5000 BC.
Damion Dooley
spelt plant
http://langual.org
Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and northern Spain, and has also found a new market as a 'health food'. Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat (*Triticum aestivum*), in which case its botanical name is considered to be *Triticum aestivum* subsp. *spelta*. It is a hexaploid wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.[wikipedia]
DPNL 2003:13673
GRIN:406903
ITIS:42243
MANSFELD:34190
PLANTS:TRSP3
http://eol.org/pages/1115243
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2917
spelt
Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.
Triticum spelta L.
german wheat
triticum aestivum subsp. spelta
triticum aestivum, spelta group
triticum spelta
Triticum spelta
manchurian wild rice plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13990
GRIN:42268
ITIS:41320
PLANTS:ZILA3
http://eol.org/pages/1114724
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4246
Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf
zizania latifolia
Zizania latifolia
*Typha angustifolia* L., ( also Lesser Bulrush or Narrowleaf Cattail or Lesser Reedmace), is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus *Typha*. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations. Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots. The edible stem is called bòn bòn in Vietnam.
narrowleaf cattail plant
WIKIPEDIA:Typha_angustifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13704
GRIN:40799
ITIS:42325
PLANTS:TYAN
http://eol.org/pages/526430
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4475
narrow-leaf cattail
Typha angustifolia L.
lesser bulrush
lesser reedmace
narrow-leaf cat-tail
narrowleaf cattail
typha angustifolia
Typha angustifolia
sea catfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AUC
ITIS:680765
http://eol.org/pages/223949
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2374
Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840
Nemapteryx nenga (Hamilton, 1822)
arius caelatus
arius upsulonothorus
felichthys felis
galeichthys felis
nemapteryx nenga
tachysurus caelatus
Nemapteryx nenga
Valerianella
lamb's lettuce plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13752
GRIN:80009
ITIS:35392
MANSFELD:2570
PLANTS:VALO
http://eol.org/pages/467207
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1754
European cornsalad
lamb's-lettuce
Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat.
Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.
common cornsalad
cornsalad
european cornsalad
valerianella locusta
Valerianella locusta
ocean quahog
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1370
FAO ASFIS:CLQ
ITIS:81343
http://eol.org/pages/493164
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2193
Arctica islandica
Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767)
arctica islandica
hard clam
ocean quahog
Arctica islandica
Damion Dooley
common whitefish
http://langual.org
whitefish
CEC 1993:232
FAO ASFIS:PLN
ITIS:161950
http://eol.org/pages/267571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2687
common whitefish
Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coregonus lavaretus Dybowski 1874
baltic whitefish
coregonus lavaretus
Coregonus lavaretus
inconnu
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SDL
ITIS:162006
http://eol.org/pages/205332
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2302
inconnu
Stenodus leucichthys
Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772)
shee fish
stenodus leucichthys
stenodus makenii
Stenodus leucichthys
*Rubus parviflorus*, commonly called thimbleberry or salmonberry, is a species of *Rubus*, native to western and northern North America. Thimbleberry fruits are larger, flatter, and softer than raspberries, and have many small seeds. Because the fruit is so soft, it does not pack or ship well, so thimbleberries are rarely cultivated commercially. However, wild thimbleberries make an excellent jam which is sold as a local delicacy. The fruits can be eaten raw or dried.
thimbleberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_parviflorus
http://langual.org
GRIN:32408
ITIS:25007
PLANTS:RUPA
PLANTS:RUPAP2
PLANTS:RUPAV
http://eol.org/pages/237187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4260
Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. parviflorus
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. velutinus (Hook. & Arn.) Greene
rubus parviflorus
salmonberry
Rubus parviflorus
*Rubus spectabilis* (Salmonberry) is a species of *Rubus* native to the west coast of North America from west central Alaska to California. Salmonberries are edible and share the fruit structure of the raspberry, with the fruit pulling away from its receptacle. Books often call the fruit "insipid", but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw and when processed into jam, candy, jelly and wine. They were an important food for indigenous peoples. Traditionally, the berries were eaten with salmon or mixed with oolichan grease or salmon roe. They were not dried because of their high moisture content.
salmonberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salmonberry
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12677
GRIN:32449
ITIS:25051
PLANTS:RUSP
http://eol.org/pages/244454
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4259
Rubus spectabilis Pursh
rubus spectabilis
Rubus spectabilis
picton herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:196
FAO ASFIS:SRP
ITIS:551223
http://eol.org/pages/2777000
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3857
Sardinops neopilchardus
Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879)
sardinops neopilchardus
Sardinops neopilchardus
southern african pilchard
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PIA
ITIS:551224
http://eol.org/pages/2777001
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3858
Sardinops ocellatus
Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe, 1853)
sardinops ocellatus
Sardinops ocellatus
Metanephrops
mozambique lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NEM
ITIS:552938
http://eol.org/pages/324954
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3595
Metanephrops mozambicus Macpherson, 1990
african lobster
metanephrops mozambicus
Metanephrops mozambicus
longlegged spiny lobster
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LOJ
ITIS:552976
http://eol.org/pages/324103
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2169
Panulirus longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868)
Panulirus longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868)
panulirus longipes
Panulirus longipes
spot croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:722
FAO ASFIS:SPT
ITIS:169267
http://eol.org/pages/206726
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1256
spot
spot croaker
Leiostomus xanthurus
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, 1803
leiostomus xanthurus
Leiostomus xanthurus
lake whitefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:230
FAO ASFIS:WHL
ITIS:161941
http://eol.org/pages/211716
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1907
lake whitefish
Coregonus clupeaformis
Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)
coregonus clupeaformis
coregonus makwi
whitefish, lake
Coregonus clupeaformis
south american silverside
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ODR
ITIS:630683
http://eol.org/pages/205948
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1885
Chilean silverside
Odontesthes regia
Odontesthes regia (Humboldt in Humboldt and Valenciennes, 1821)
Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1821)
argentine silverside
chilean silverside
odontesthes regia
silverside, south american
Odontesthes regia
silver gemfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:939
FAO ASFIS:GEM
ITIS:550883
http://eol.org/pages/205865
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2676
common gemfish
eastern gemfish
hake
king barracouta
silver gemfish
silver kingfish
southern kingfish
Rexea solandri
Rexea solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1831 )
Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
rexea solandri
Rexea solandri
The Chinese Chestnut (*Castanea mollissima*) is a species of chestnut native to China. The fruit is a densely spiny cupule 4-8 cm diameter, containing two or three glossy brown nuts.
chinese chestnut tree
WIKIPEDIA:Chinese_chestnut
http://langual.org
GRIN:9442
ITIS:501318
MANSFELD:17775
PLANTS:CAMO83
http://eol.org/pages/1148512
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2416
Chinese chestnut
Castanea mollissima Blume
castanea mollissima
chinese hairy chestnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHINESE CHESTNUT [B2416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Castanea mollissima
american beech plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:100831
ITIS:19462
PLANTS:FAGR
http://eol.org/pages/1143553
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4249
American beech
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
fagus grandifolia
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *AMERICAN BEECH [B4249]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Fagus grandifolia
ayu
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:263
FAO ASFIS:PCA
ITIS:162027
http://eol.org/pages/994386
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2516
ayu
Plecoglossus altivelis
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
plecoglossus altivelis
Plecoglossus altivelis
new zealand long-finned eel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AAQ
ITIS:635476
http://eol.org/pages/217086
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2672
New Zealand longfin eel
Anguilla dieffenbachii
Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842
Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, 1842
anguilla dieffenbachii
new zealand longfin eel
Anguilla dieffenbachii
indian frankincense plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:7458
ITIS:506410
PLANTS:BOSE5
http://eol.org/pages/483516
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4188
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
boswellia
boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata
european sturgeon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APU
ITIS:161072
http://eol.org/pages/206890
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3812
sturgeon
Acipenser sturio
Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758
acipenser sturio
common sturgeon
sturgeon
Acipenser sturio
black snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ASX
ITIS:168899
http://eol.org/pages/356304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1099
black snapper
Apsilus dentatus
Apsilus dentatus Guichenot, 1853
apsilus dentatus
Apsilus dentatus
blue ring octopus
http://langual.org
ITIS:556175
http://eol.org/pages/591395
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1054
Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883)
hapalochlaena maculosa
octopus maculosus
Hapalochlaena maculosa
An annual vine in the cucumber and melon family.
horned melon plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cucumis_metuliferus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9045
ITIS:501835
PLANTS:CUME3
http://eol.org/pages/488083
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2842
African horned cucumber plant
African horned melon
African horned melon plant
English tomato plant
cherie plant
cucumis metuliferus
hedged gourd plant
jelly melon plant
melano plant
Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud.
Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin
kiwano plant
Cucumis metulifer
fringe-barbel sturgeon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AAN
ITIS:161077
http://eol.org/pages/206888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3815
fringebarbel sturgeon
Acipenser nudiventris
Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828
Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky, 1828
acipenser nudiventris
ship
Acipenser nudiventris
beluga
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:137
FAO ASFIS:HUH
ITIS:161084
http://eol.org/pages/994822
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2528
beluga
Huso huso
Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)
huso huso
Huso huso
danube salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:240
FAO ASFIS:HUC
ITIS:162024
http://eol.org/pages/204854
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1612
huchen
Hucho hucho
Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758)
hucho hucho
Hucho hucho
arctic hare
http://langual.org
ITIS:552511
http://eol.org/pages/988114
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4162
Arctic hare
Lepus arcticus Ross, 1819
Lepus arcticus
olympia flat oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1338
FAO ASFIS:OFO
ITIS:79883
http://eol.org/pages/449515
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1958
Ostrea lurida
Ostrea lurida Carpenter
Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
ostrea lurida
western oyster
yaquina oyster
Ostrea lurida
Macrourinae
smooth rattail
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CQS
ITIS:550599
http://eol.org/pages/209566
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2906
rough-head whiptail
Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite 1911
Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite, 1911
caelorinchus aspercephalus
Coelorinchus aspercephalus
kaiyomaru rattail
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MCK
ITIS:550608
http://eol.org/pages/216574
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2905
Campbell whiptail
Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai & Iwamoto 1979
Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai and Iwamoto, 1979
caelorinchus kaiyomaru
Coelorinchus kaiyomaru
The ridge scaled rattail, *Macrourus carinatus*, is a rattail of the genus *Macrourus*, found in the Great Southern Ocean at depths of between 200 and 1,200 m. Its length is between 30 to 65 cm, although Fishbase records lengths up to 1 m.
ridge scaled rattail
WIKIPEDIA:Macrourus_carinatus
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:232036
FAO ASFIS:MCC
ITIS:550628
http://eol.org/pages/1002768
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4286
ridge scaled rattail
Macrourus carinatus (Günther 1878)
Macrourus carinatus (Günther, 1878)
Macrourus carinatus Günther, 1878
macrourus carinatus
Macrourus carinatus
Quinoa (*Chenopodium quinoa*) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds. Because it is not a grass, it is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal. Quinoa is closely related to the edible plants beetroot, spinach, and amaranth (*Amaranthus* spp.), another pseudocereal which it closely resembles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoa]
quinoa plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8598
GRIN:10194
ITIS:506567
MANSFELD:410
PLANTS:CHQU
http://eol.org/pages/489447
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2027
quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
chenopodium quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa
Aframomum melegueta is a species in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, and closely related to cardamom. Its seeds are used as a spice (ground or whole).
grains-of-paradise plant
WIKIPEDIA:Aframomum_melegueta
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7215
GRIN:101012
ITIS:506501
MANSFELD:3309
PLANTS:AFME
http://eol.org/pages/1127012
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2061
Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum.
Aframomum melegueta Schum.
Aframomum melegueta Schumann
aframomum melegueta
amomum granum-paradisii
amomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta
boldo plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:27471
ITIS:506789
PLANTS:PEBO5
http://eol.org/pages/392758
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4199
Peumus boldus Molina
peumus boldus
Peumus boldus
Zeus
european john dory
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:518
FAO ASFIS:JOD
FDA RFE 2010:94
ITIS:166287
http://eol.org/pages/210208
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2278
Atlantic John dory
John dory
doorkeeper's fish
Zeus faber
Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758
galilee fish
st. peter's fish
zeus faber
zeus japonicus
Zeus faber
longhead dab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EOR
ITIS:172911
http://eol.org/pages/222399
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1860
longhead dab
Limanda proboInOwlscidea
Limanda proboInOwlscidea Gilbert 1896
Limanda proboInOwlscidea Gilbert, 1896
dab, longhead
limanda proboInOwlscidea
Myzopsetta proboscidea
Alaska plaice (*Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus*) is a saltwater fish that live in the North Pacific Ocean. Like most flatfish, they live on the bottom of the continental shelf, up to 600 metres deep. Their geographic range is from the Gulf of Alaska in the east, to the Chukchi Sea in the north, to the Sea of Japan in the west.
alaska plaice
WIKIPEDIA:Pleuronectes_quadrituberculatus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1132
ITIS:172901
http://eol.org/pages/221039
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4383
Alaska plaice
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas, 1814
pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Percinae
climbing perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1028
FAO ASFIS:FPC
ITIS:172585
http://eol.org/pages/222264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2529
climbing perch
Anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795)
anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus
*Channa striata*, the striped snakehead, is a species of snakehead fish. It is also known as the common snakehead, chevron snakehead and snakehead murrel. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, and has been introduced to some Pacific Islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channa_striata]
striped snakehead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:FSS
ITIS:166667
http://eol.org/pages/205160
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2307
banded snakehead
chevron snakehead
snakehead murrel
striped snakehead
Channa striata
Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)
channa
channa striata
ophicephalus striatus
snakehead murrel
Channa striata
gila trout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ONG
ITIS:161985
http://eol.org/pages/213575
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4062
Gila trout
Oncorhynchus gilae
Oncorhynchus gilae (Miller, 1950)
oncorhynchus gilae
Oncorhynchus gilae
florida crayfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RQA
ITIS:97498
http://eol.org/pages/344648
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3573
Procambarus alleni (Faxon 1884)
Procambarus alleni (Faxon, 1884)
procambarus alleni
Procambarus alleni
witch prawn
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EKU
ITIS:551589
http://eol.org/pages/128591
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3625
Melicertus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811)
Penaeus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811)
melicertus canaliculatus
penaeus canaliculatus
Penaeus canaliculatus
northern pink shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1204
FAO ASFIS:APS
ITIS:551574
http://eol.org/pages/325037
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2580
pink shrimp
Farfantepenaeus duorarum
Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939)
Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad, 1939
farfantepenaeus duorarum
penaeus duorarum
shrimp, pink
Penaeus duorarum
green tiger prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1213
FAO ASFIS:TIP
ITIS:95644
http://eol.org/pages/321430
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3493
Penaeus semisulcatus
Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844
Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844
penaeus semisulcatus
Penaeus semisulcatus
northern white shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1214
FAO ASFIS:PST
ITIS:551680
http://eol.org/pages/128564
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1149
white shrimp
Litopenaeus setiferus
Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)
litopenaeus setiferus
penaeus setiferus
white shrimp
Penaeus setiferus
molluscs
mollusks
Mollusca
gastropods
Gastropoda
common prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1234
FAO ASFIS:CPR
ITIS:96451
http://eol.org/pages/1022774
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2880
Palaemon serratus
Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777)
leander serratus
palaemon serratus
Palaemon serratus
Haliotis
pink abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HJV
ITIS:69499
http://eol.org/pages/620395
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3539
abalone
pink abalone
Haliotis corrugata
Haliotis corrugata Gray, 1828
Haliotis corrugata W. Wood, 1828
haliotis corrugata
Haliotis corrugata
red abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ABF
ITIS:69497
http://eol.org/pages/620396
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3538
California red abalone
red abalone
Haliotis rufescens
Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822
haliotis rufescens
Haliotis rufescens
black abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HAZ
ITIS:69498
http://eol.org/pages/620397
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3537
black abalone
Haliotis cracherodii
Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814
haliotis cracherodii
Haliotis cracherodii
green abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HRW
ITIS:69500
http://eol.org/pages/620393
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3536
green abalone
Haliotis fulgens
Haliotis fulgens Philippi, 1845
haliotis fulgens
southern green abalone
Haliotis fulgens
pinto abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:69494
http://eol.org/pages/620425
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3545
Haliotis kamtschatkana
Haliotis kamtschatkana Jonas, 1845
haliotis kamtschatkana
Haliotis kamtschatkana
white abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HSW
ITIS:69502
http://eol.org/pages/462646
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3540
white abalone
Haliotis sorenseni
Haliotis sorenseni Bartsch, 1940
haliotis sorenseni
Haliotis sorenseni
lindens
Tilia
flat abalone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:69501
http://eol.org/pages/620394
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3544
flat abalone
Haliotis walallensis
Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899
haliotis walallensis
Haliotis walallensis
mexican golden trout
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ONY
ITIS:161992
http://eol.org/pages/204570
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4061
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham & Gard 1964)
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham and Gard, 1964)
oncorhynchus chrysogaster
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster
velvet belly
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:60
FAO ASFIS:ETX
ITIS:160670
http://eol.org/pages/215489
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4117
velvet belly lantern shark
Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)
black centrina
etmopterus spinax
lantern shark
Etmopterus spinax
brill
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1162
FAO ASFIS:BLL
ITIS:172749
http://eol.org/pages/994475
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2708
brill
Scophthalmus rhombus
Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758)
scophthalmus rhombus
Scophthalmus rhombus
Helicidae
Helix
Garden snail is the common name for the species Cornu aspersum (formerly *Helix aspersa*), a land snail. As such it is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae, which includes some of the most commonly familiar land snails.
garden snail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu_aspersum
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/269px-Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpg
ITIS:77906
http://eol.org/pages/449907
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3662
Cornu aspersum
brown garden snail
brown garden snail
Helix aspersa Muller, 1774
Helix aspersa
Helix aspersa
*Lepidium campestre* (field pepperwort or field pepperweed) is an annual plant in the *Brassicaceae* or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_campestre]
field cress plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10761
GRIN:21763
ITIS:22954
PLANTS:LECA5
http://eol.org/pages/584503
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1082
bastard cress
field peppergrass
field pepperweed
pepperwort
Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f.
Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br.
Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton
Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton
cream-anther field pepperwort
field peppergrass plant
field pepperweed plant
field pepperwort plant
lepidium campestre
Lepidium campestre
Escargot is the common name of Helix pomatia, a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Helicidae.
escargot
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg/320px-Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:77907
http://eol.org/pages/449906
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3663
Burgundy snail
Roman snail
Roman snail
edible snail
edible snail
Helix pomatia
Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758
helix pomatia
Helix pomatia
bivalves
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Mytilidae
Mytilus
california mussel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MUJ
ITIS:79455
http://eol.org/pages/449960
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1046
California mussel
Mytilus californianus
Mytilus californianus Conrad, 1837
mytilus californianus
Mytilus californianus
blue mussel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1360
FAO ASFIS:MUS
ITIS:79454
http://eol.org/pages/449959
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2875
blue mussel
edible mussel
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758
common mussel
edible mussel
mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis
northern blue mussel
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YUS
ITIS:567928
http://eol.org/pages/578868
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3659
bay mussel
common blue mussel
Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850
foolish mussel
mytilus trossulus
Mytilus trossulus
ark shells
Arcidae
perforate st. john's-wort plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10419
GRIN:19600
ITIS:21454
PLANTS:HYPE
http://eol.org/pages/584888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4196
Hypericum perforatum L.
hypericum perforatum
Hypericum perforatum
oysters
Ostreidae
Crassostrea
eastern oyster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1334
FAO ASFIS:OYA
ITIS:79872
http://eol.org/pages/449554
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1951
eastern oyster
Crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)
american cupped oyster
american oyster
blue point oyster
crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea virginica
scallops
Pectinidae
spotted wolffish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:907
FAO ASFIS:CAS
ITIS:171342
http://eol.org/pages/224648
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3350
spotted wolffish
Anarhichas minor
Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1772
anarhichas minor
Anarhichas minor
sea scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1353
FAO ASFIS:SCA
ITIS:79718
http://eol.org/pages/448745
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1050
sea scallop
Placopecten magellanicus
Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791)
Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1792)
american sea scallop
placopecten magellanicus
Placopecten magellanicus
A northeast Atlantic species of scallop, an edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae. This is the type species of the genus. This species may be conspecific with Pecten jacobaeus, the pilgrim's scallop, which has a much more restricted distribution.
great atlantic scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1348
FAO ASFIS:SCE
ITIS:79683
http://eol.org/pages/449733
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3481
St James shell
escallop
king scallop
Pecten maximus
Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coquille saint-jacques
pecten maximus
Pecten maximus
Veneroida
atlantic surfclam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1376
FAO ASFIS:CLB
ITIS:80944
http://eol.org/pages/448794
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1959
Atlantic surf clam
Atlantic surf-clam
Spisula solidissima
Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817)
bar clam
sea clam
spisula solidissima
surf clam
Spisula solidissima
Ensis
venus clams
Veneridae
Macrocallista
sunray venus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KSN
ITIS:81579
http://eol.org/pages/440077
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3641
sun-ray clam
sunray clam
Macrocallista nimbosa
Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786)
macrocallista nimbosa
Macrocallista nimbosa
Mercenaria
northern quahog
http://langual.org
CEC:1380
FAO ASFIS:CLH
ITIS:81496
http://eol.org/pages/492162
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1068
northern quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758)
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
cherrystone clam
clam, cherrystone
hardshell
littleneck
mercenaria mercenaria
venus mercenaria
Mercenaria mercenaria
softshell clam
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1398
FAO ASFIS:CLS
ITIS:81692
http://eol.org/pages/492903
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2356
softshell
Mya arenaria
Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758
maninose clam
mya arenaria
steamer
Mya arenaria
common cuttlefish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1401
FAO ASFIS:CTC
ITIS:82363
http://eol.org/pages/448836
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3678
common cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758
sepia officinalis
Sepia officinalis
smalleye hammerhead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPQ
ITIS:160519
http://eol.org/pages/225538
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2596
great hammerhead
smalleye hammerhead
Sphyrna tudes
Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)
hammerhead, smalleye
shark, smalleye hammerhead
sphyrna tudes
Sphyrna tudes
Loliginidae
roughy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TPT
ITIS:166145
http://eol.org/pages/211315
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2327
sandpaper fish
Paratrachichthys trailli
Paratrachichthys trailli (Hutton, 1875)
hoplostethus
paratrachichthys
sandpaper fish
Paratrachichthys trailli
common squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1408
FAO ASFIS:SQR
ITIS:82375
http://eol.org/pages/451497
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3692
Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck 1798
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798
loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris
arrow squids
Ommastrephidae
Illex
argentine shortfin squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1410
FAO ASFIS:SQA
ITIS:556070
http://eol.org/pages/591440
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3694
Argentinian squid
Illex argentinus
Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960)
illex argentinus
Illex argentinus
northern shortfin squid
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1412
FAO ASFIS:SQI
ITIS:82521
http://eol.org/pages/451352
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3696
Illex illecebrosus
Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1821)
illex illecebrosus
Illex illecebrosus
Nototodarus
gould's flying squid
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NDG
ITIS:556308
http://eol.org/pages/491462
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3704
Gould's flying squid
Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy 1888)
Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888)
nototodarus gouldi
Nototodarus gouldi
Todarodes
japanese flying squid
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1414
FAO ASFIS:SQJ
ITIS:557230
http://eol.org/pages/590939
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3701
Japanese flying squid
Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup, 1880)
todarodes pacificus
Todarodes pacificus
climbing fig plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9819
GRIN:16951
ITIS:502618
PLANTS:FIPU2
http://eol.org/pages/489706
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3332
climbing fig
creeping fig
creeping rubber plant
Ficus pumila L.
ficus pumila
Ficus pumila
Eledone
white octopus
http://langual.org
CEC:1417
FAO ASFIS:EDT
ITIS:556275
http://eol.org/pages/491494
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3679
musky octopus
Eledone moschata (Lamarck 1798)
Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798)
eledone moschata
Eledone moschata
nyala
http://langual.org
ITIS:625128
MSW3:14200727
http://eol.org/pages/1038786
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4376
nyala
Tragelaphus angasii Angas, 1848
Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849
tragelaphus angasii
Tragelaphus angasii
common octopus
http://langual.org
CEC:1421
FAO ASFIS:OCC
ITIS:82603
http://eol.org/pages/492280
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3680
common octopus
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier 1797
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
octopus vulgaris
Octopus vulgaris
Octopodidae
crustaceans
Crustacea
durian tree (Durio zibethinus)
http://langual.org
durian tree
DPNL 2003:9418
GRIN:14755
ITIS:506099
MANSFELD:25525
PLANTS:DUZI
http://eol.org/pages/483665
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2448
durian
Durio zibethinus L.
Durio zibethinus Murray
durio zibethinus
Durio zibethinus
annatto plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:7249
ITIS:22251
PLANTS:BIOR
http://eol.org/pages/584439
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3392
achiote
annatto
arnatto
lipstick tree
roucou
urucum
Bixa orellana L.
annato
arnatto
lipsticktree
Bixa orellana
red-brown ark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:79380
http://eol.org/pages/450168
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3546
Barbatia cancellaria
Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819)
barbatia cancellaria
Barbatia cancellaria
summer flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1105
FAO ASFIS:FLS
ITIS:172735
http://eol.org/pages/204043
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1883
summer flounder
Paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
flounder, summer
paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys dentatus
Eucarida
Decapoda
penaeid shrimps
Penaeidae
giant tiger prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1210
FAO ASFIS:GIT
ITIS:95638
http://eol.org/pages/1024670
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2612
black tiger shrimp
giant tiger prawn
tiger prawn
Penaeus monodon
Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798
black tiger prawn
penaeus monodon
tiger shrimp
Penaeus monodon
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.
whiteleg shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1216
FAO ASFIS:PNV
ITIS:551682
http://eol.org/pages/1036948
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2234
Litopenaeus vannamei
Pacific white shrimp
Pacific white shrimp
Vannamei prawn
Vannamei shrimp
king prawn
white Pacific shrimp
white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
pacific white shrimp
penaeus vannamei
Penaeus vannamei
white catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ITC
ITIS:164037
http://eol.org/pages/995102
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2183
white catfish
Ameiurus catus
Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus, 1758)
ictalurus catus
Ameiurus catus
yellow bullhead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ITN
ITIS:164041
http://eol.org/pages/995105
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2607
yellow bullhead
Ameiurus natalis
Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819)
catfish, yellow bullhead
ictalurus natalis
yellow catfish
Ameiurus natalis
blue catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ITF
FDA RFE 2010:22
ITIS:163997
http://eol.org/pages/995103
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1900
blue catfish
Ictalurus furcatus
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840)
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
catfish, blue
ictalurus furcatus
Ictalurus furcatus
Pleocyemata
Caridea
palaemonid shrimps
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
A species of flowering plant in the willow family, it is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The species is also found in northern British Columbia, and occurs in Russia.
tealeaf willow plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salix_pulchra
http://langual.org
Salix pulchra* is one of the least bitter-tasting willows in Alaska, and in the springtime, young leaves may be harvested for human consumption. The leaves and shoots were eaten by the Eskimo raw and dried, or stored in seal oil for future use. The leaves were also used to brew tea and make soup. At Nunivak Island, parts of this plant were chewed to treat ailments such as mouth sores and pain. This willow also provides a good source of vitamin C.
ITIS:22488
PLANTS:SAPU15
http://eol.org/pages/585411
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4502
diamondleaf willow
salix pulchra
tealeaf willow
thin red willow
Salix pulchra Cham.
Salix pulchra
Vanilla x tahitensis
Vanilla x tahitensis
Pandalus
northern shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1224
FAO ASFIS:PRA
ITIS:96967
http://eol.org/pages/318602
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1970
northern red shrimp
northern shrimp
Pandalus borealis
Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838
Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838
cold-water prawn
coldwater prawn
deepwater prawn
pandalus borealis
Pandalus borealis
clawed lobsters
Nephropidae
Homarus
american lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1303
FAO ASFIS:LBA
ITIS:97314
http://eol.org/pages/318853
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1949
American lobster
Homarus americanus
Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837
Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837
homarus americanus
northern lobster
Homarus americanus
european lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1304
FAO ASFIS:LBE
ITIS:97315
http://eol.org/pages/1039672
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1950
European lobster
Homarus gammarus
Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
astacus europaeus
astacus marinus
cancer gammarus
homarus gammarus
homarus marinus
homarus vulgaris
Homarus gammarus
Benthophilinae
Ponticolini
true lobsters and crayfishes
Astacidea
*Astacus astacus*, the European crayfish, noble crayfish or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe. Like other crayfish, The European crayfish is restricted to freshwater, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers and lakes. It is found from France throughout central Europe, to the Balkan peninsula, and north as far as parts of the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the western parts of the former Soviet Union.
*Astacus astacus* is susceptible to the crayfish plague carried by the invasive American species *Pacifastacus leniusculus*, and is therefore listed as "vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Citation: Sket, B. 1996. Astacus astacus.
In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 January 2007.
noble crayfish
WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_astacus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1263
FAO ASFIS:AAS
ITIS:97333
http://eol.org/pages/1021866
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3453
broad-fingered crayfish
noble crayfish
Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758)
astacus astacus
braod-fingered crayfish
european crayfish
Astacus astacus
crayfish
Astacoidea
Procambarus
red swamp crayfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RCW
ITIS:97491
http://eol.org/pages/344571
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2231
red swamp crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)
crawfish, red swamp
louisiana crawfish
louisiana crayfish
procambarus clarkii
Procambarus clarkii
spiny lobsters
Palinuridae
Palinurus
Panulirus
japanese spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUJ
ITIS:552975
http://eol.org/pages/324110
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2168
Japanese spiny lobster
Panulirus japonicus
Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824)
panulirus japonicus
Panulirus japonicus
caribbean spiny lobster
WIKIPEDIA:Panulirus_argus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1256
FAO ASFIS:SLC
ITIS:97648
http://eol.org/pages/344167
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2164
Caribbean spiny lobster
Panulirus argus
Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804)
florida lobster
panulirus argus
Panulirus argus
hermit crabs
Anomura
stone and king crabs
Lithodidae
Paralithodes
red king crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCD
ITIS:97935
http://eol.org/pages/342038
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2211
Kamchatka crab
red king crab
Paralithodes camtschaticus
Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815)
alaska deepsea crab
japanese crab
king crab
paralithodes camtschaticus
Paralithodes camtschaticus
short-tailed crabs
true crabs
Brachyura
rock crabs
Cancridae
Cancer
edible rock crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1276
FAO ASFIS:CRE
ITIS:98681
http://eol.org/pages/1022230
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1960
edible crab
rock crab
Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758
cancer pagurus
edible crab
Cancer pagurus
atlantic rock crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1274
FAO ASFIS:CRK
ITIS:98679
http://eol.org/pages/1021309
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2350
Atlantic rock crab
Cancer irroratus
Cancer irroratus Say, 1817
cancer irroratus
Cancer irroratus
swimming crabs
Portunidae
Callinectes
blue crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1281
FAO ASFIS:CRB
FDA RFE 2010:6
ITIS:98696
http://eol.org/pages/312939
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1648
blue crab
Callinectes sapidus
Callinectes sapidus M. J. Rathbun, 1896
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
callinectes sapidus
Callinectes sapidus
Portunoidea
The California Quail, *Callipepla californica*, also known as the California Valley Quail or Valley Quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is the state bird of California.
california quail
WIKIPEDIA:California_Quail
http://langual.org
ITIS:175876
http://eol.org/pages/1049189
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4365
California quail
Callipepla californica (Shaw, 1798)
callipepla californica
Callipepla californica
Menippe
black stone crab
florida stone crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1279
FAO ASFIS:STC
ITIS:98811
http://eol.org/pages/1021778
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1944
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4136
Florida stone crab
Menippe mercenaria
Menippe mercenaria (Say, 1818)
black stone crab
menippe
menippe mercenaria
stone crab
Menippe mercenaria
hairy sponge crab
http://langual.org
ITIS:621718
http://eol.org/pages/1019397
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2227
Cryptodromiopsis antillensis (Stimpson, 1858)
cryptodromiopsis antillensis
decorator crab
velvet crab
Dromidia antillensis
*Crescentia alata* (variously called Mexican Calabash, Jicaro, Morrito, Winged Calabash) is a species in the trumpet-flower family *Bignoniaceae*, native to southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. The seeds are edible and high in protein with a licorice-like sweet taste, used in Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua to make a kind of horchata called Semilla de Jicaro.
morrito plant
WIKIPEDIA:Morro_seed
http://langual.org
GRIN:12207
ITIS:506047
PLANTS:CRAL11
http://eol.org/pages/483784
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4462
Crescentia alata Kunth
crescentia alata
jicaro
morro
tecomate
Crescentia alata
Euphausiidae
Euphausia
antarctic krill
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1190
FAO ASFIS:KRI
ITIS:95514
http://eol.org/pages/509426
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1954
Euphausia superba Dana, 1852
euphausia spp.
euphausia superba
krill, antarctic
Euphausia superba
norway lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1306
FAO ASFIS:NEP
ITIS:97317
http://eol.org/pages/128512
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1956
Norway lobster
Nephrops norvegicus
Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
langoustine
nephrops norvegicus
scampi
Nephrops norvegicus
nursehound
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:33
FAO ASFIS:SYT
ITIS:160067
http://eol.org/pages/994481
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3517
nursehound
Scyliorhinus stellaris
Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
greater spotted dogfish
large spotted dogfish
scyliorhinus stellaris
squalus stellaris
Scyliorhinus stellaris
siamese crocodile
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1486
FAO ASFIS:CDS
ITIS:202202
http://eol.org/pages/795275
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3805
Siamese crocodile
Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801)
Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801
crocodylus siamensis
siamese freshwater crocodile
Crocodylus siamensis
Macrourus
white sapote plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8412
GRIN:9292
ITIS:506385
PLANTS:CAED6
http://eol.org/pages/483587
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4241
Mexican-apple
matasano
white sapote
Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex.
Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.
casimiroa edulis
Casimiroa edulis
indian lettuce plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10654
GRIN:21341
ITIS:505918
PLANTS:LAIN13
http://eol.org/pages/590834
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3342
Lactuca indica L.
lactuca indica
chola guitarfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:74
FAO ASFIS:GUD
ITIS:160817
http://eol.org/pages/208605
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4127
Chola guitarfish
Rhinobatos percellens (Walbaum, 1792)
Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792
rhinobatos percellens
Pseudobatos percellens
baobab plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7138
GRIN:1433
ITIS:21591
PLANTS:ADDI3
http://eol.org/pages/584789
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2759
baobab
Adansonia digitata L.
adansonia digitata
adansonia somalensis
adansonia sphaerocarpa
adansonia sulcata
dead-rat tree
monkey-bread tree
upside-down tree
Adansonia digitata
peruvian menhaden
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:173
FAO ASFIS:MES
ITIS:551294
http://eol.org/pages/205035
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2176
Pacific menhaden
Ethmidium maculatum
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847)
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847)
brevoortia maculate chilcae
ethmidium chilcae
ethmidium maculatum
machuelo
Ethmidium maculatum
Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a North American species of blueberry which has become a food crop of significant economic importance.
highbush blueberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13737
GRIN:41002
ITIS:23573
MANSFELD:1753
PLANTS:VACO
http://eol.org/pages/484405
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2026
American blueberry
american blueberry
highbush blueberry
highbush blueberry
southern blueberry
swamp blueberry
vaccinium corymbosum
vaccinium formosum (non acceptable)
Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Vaccinium corymbosum
mountain nyala
http://langual.org
ITIS:625129
MSW3:14200728
http://eol.org/pages/1038787
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4377
mountain nyala
Tragelaphus buxtoni (Lydekker, 1910)
Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910
tragelaphus buxtoni
Tragelaphus buxtoni
Caenogastropoda
Strombus
colorado snapper
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJC
ITIS:168867
http://eol.org/pages/207856
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1804
colorado snapper
pargo colorado
pargo rojo
Lutjanus colorado
Lutjanus colorado Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
Lutjanus colorado Jordan and Gilbert, 1882
lutjanus colorado
snapper, colorado
Lutjanus colorado
ide
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:337
FAO ASFIS:FID
ITIS:163576
http://eol.org/pages/207288
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2713
ide
orfe
silver orfe
Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758)
golden orfes
leuciscus idus
Leuciscus idus
silver catfish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HIY
ITIS:164087
http://eol.org/pages/223144
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2316
Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
schilbe mystus
Schilbe mystus
burbot
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:446
FAO ASFIS:FBU
ITIS:164725
http://eol.org/pages/204768
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1627
burbot
Lota lota
Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758)
lota lota
lota maculosa
Lota lota
fantail mullet
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MMW
ITIS:170339
http://eol.org/pages/356292
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1784
fantail mullet
silver mullet
white mullet
Mugil trichodon Poey, 1875
mugil trichodon
mullet, fantail
Mugil trichodon
false herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCC
ITIS:161753
http://eol.org/pages/206572
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3854
false herring
Harengula clupeola
Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829)
false herring
harengula clupeola
Harengula clupeola
redear sardine
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCU
ITIS:161754
http://eol.org/pages/206573
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3855
redear herring
redear sardine
Harengula humeralis
Harengula humeralis (Cuvier, 1829)
harengula humeralis
redear herring
Harengula humeralis
plumed scorpionfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SGN
ITIS:166820
http://eol.org/pages/209579
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2608
plumed scorpionfish
Scorpaena grandicornis
Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier, 1829
lionfish
scorpaena grandicornis
turkeyfish
Scorpaena grandicornis
*Sepiola atlantica*, also known as the Atlantic bobtail, is a species of bobtail squid native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean (65ºN to 35ºN), from Iceland, the Faroe Islands and western Norway to the Moroccan coast. There is a single record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea.
atlantic bobtail
WIKIPEDIA:Sepiola_atlantica
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:IOT
ITIS:82357
http://eol.org/pages/448833
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4531
Sepiola atlantica D'Orbigny, 1839-1842
Sepiola atlantica dOrbigny, 1839
little cuttle
sepiola atlantica
Sepiola atlantica
arctic grayling
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TLA
ITIS:162016
http://eol.org/pages/204794
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2860
Arctic grayling
Thymallus arcticus
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas 1776)
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)
thymallus arcticus
Thymallus arcticus
Rastrelliger
indian mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:965
FAO ASFIS:RAG
ITIS:172462
http://eol.org/pages/208604
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2934
Indian mackerel
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)
rastrelliger kanagurta
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Asteridae
asterids
rosids
*Sisymbrium altissimum* is a species of *Sisymbrium*. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Seed. Edible Uses: Condiment. Young leaves and shoots - raw or cooked. A somewhat hot flavour, they can be used as a flavouring in salads or cooked as a potherb. Seed - ground into a powder and used as a gruel or as a mustard-like flavouring in soups etc. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sisymbrium+altissimum]
tumble mustard plant
WIKIPEDIA:Sisymbrium_altissimum
http://langual.org
GRIN:34451
ITIS:23312
PLANTS:SIAL2
http://eol.org/pages/583815
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1737
tall rocket
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
sisymbrium altissimum
Sisymbrium altissimum
pinkspotted shrimp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNB
ITIS:551571
http://eol.org/pages/1021950
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1957
pinkspotted shrimp
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817)
Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817
farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
penaeus brasiliensis
Penaeus brasiliensis
caramote prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1207
FAO ASFIS:TGS
ITIS:551590
http://eol.org/pages/999884
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3490
Melicertus kerathurus
Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775)
Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål 1775)
Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål, 1775)
melicertus kerathurus
penaeus caramote
penaeus kerathurus
penaeus trisulcatus
tripple-grooved shrimp
Penaeus kerathurus
banana prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1209
FAO ASFIS:PBA
ITIS:551580
http://eol.org/pages/344689
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3629
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1888)
Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888
Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888
fenneropenaeus merguiensis
penaeus merguiensis
Penaeus merguiensis
pacific anchoveta
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:209
FAO ASFIS:VEP
ITIS:161862
http://eol.org/pages/211952
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3833
Pacific anchoveta
Pacific anchovy
Cetengraulis mysticetus
Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867)
cetengraulis mystecetus
Cetengraulis mysticetus
The White ginger lily (*Hedychium coronarium*) is originally from the Himalayas region of Nepal and India where it is known as dolan champa.
white ginger plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hedychium_coronarium
http://langual.org
GRIN:18576
ITIS:42396
PLANTS:HECO11
http://eol.org/pages/1118165
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4344
Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig
Hedychium coronarium Koenig
hedychium coronarium
Hedychium coronarium
acerola plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11046
GRIN:23206
ITIS:565291
MANSFELD:14412
PLANTS:MAGL6
http://eol.org/pages/398658
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1360
Barbados cherry
acerola
huesito
Malpighia glabra L.
barbados cherry
malpighia glabra
malpighia marginata
west indian cherry
Malpighia glabra
saccharomyceta
saccharomyceta
pacific ocean perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1059
FAO ASFIS:OPP
FDA RFE 2010:66
ITIS:166707
http://eol.org/pages/994486
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1034
Pacific ocean perch
Sebastes alutus
Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes alutus
Sebastes alutus
splitnose rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFD
ITIS:166716
http://eol.org/pages/203882
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2669
splitnose rockfish
Sebastes diploproa
Sebastes diploproa (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes diploproa
Sebastes diploproa
widow rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1061
FAO ASFIS:WRO
FDA RFE 2010:69
ITIS:166719
http://eol.org/pages/994488
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1776
widow rockfish
Sebastes entomelas
Sebastes entomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Sebastes entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
rockfish, widow
sebastes entomelas
Sebastes entomelas
yellowtail rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1062
FAO ASFIS:YRO
FDA RFE 2010:70
ITIS:166720
http://eol.org/pages/994489
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1777
yellowtain rockfish
Sebastes flavidus
Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862)
rockfish, yellowtail
sebastes flavidus
Sebastes flavidus
chilipepper (fish)
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SGO
FDA RFE 2010:71
ITIS:166722
http://eol.org/pages/207353
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1769
chilipepper
Sebastes goodei
Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
sebastes goodei
Sebastes goodei
cowcod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166754
http://eol.org/pages/207356
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1767
cowcod
Sebastes levis
Sebastes levis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889)
sebastes levis
Sebastes levis
black rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RMG
ITIS:166727
http://eol.org/pages/209605
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1770
black rockfish
Sebastes melanops
Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856
rockfish, black
sebastes melanops
Sebastes melanops
vermilion rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFW
ITIS:166729
http://eol.org/pages/211616
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1766
vermillion rockfish
Sebastes miniatus
Sebastes miniatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Sebastes miniatus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
rockfish, vermilion
sebastes miniatus
Sebastes miniatus
blue rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFY
ITIS:166730
http://eol.org/pages/211617
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2667
blue rockfish
Sebastes mystinus
Sebastes mystinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)
Sebastes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881)
sebastes mystinus
Sebastes mystinus
speckled rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166757
http://eol.org/pages/211618
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1775
speckled rockfish
Sebastes ovalis
Sebastes ovalis (Ayres, 1862)
rockfish, speckled
sebastes ovalis
Sebastes ovalis
bocaccio
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SBC
ITIS:166733
http://eol.org/pages/209611
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1682
bocaccio
Sebastes paucispinis
Sebastes paucispinis Ayres, 1854
sebastes paucispinis
Sebastes paucispinis
canary rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPG
FDA RFE 2010:75
ITIS:166734
http://eol.org/pages/211620
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1774
canary rockfish
Sebastes pinniger
Sebastes pinniger (Gill, 1864)
rockfish, canary
sebastes pinniger
Sebastes pinniger
yelloweye rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RRV
FDA RFE 2010:77
ITIS:166740
http://eol.org/pages/203887
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1773
yelloweye rockfish
Sebastes ruberrimus
Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895)
Sebastes ruberrimus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
rockfish, yelloweye
sebastes ruberrimus
Sebastes ruberrimus
bank rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166761
http://eol.org/pages/211627
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1772
bank rockfish
Sebastes rufus
Sebastes rufus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
rockfish, bank
sebastes rufus
Sebastes rufus
stripetail rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RVT
ITIS:166741
http://eol.org/pages/207358
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2668
stripetail rockfish
Sebastes saxicola
Sebastes saxicola (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes saxicola
Sebastes saxicola
olive rockfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SED
ITIS:166763
http://eol.org/pages/207360
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1771
olive rockfish
Sebastes serranoides
Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
rockfish, olive
sebastes serranoides
Sebastes serranoides
Scorpaena
Maleae
barred grunt
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:696
FAO ASFIS:BRG
ITIS:169090
http://eol.org/pages/357150
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3943
barred grunt
cro-cro grunt
yellow cro-cro
Conodon nobilis
Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
conodon nobilis
Conodon nobilis
scrawled sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:172983
http://eol.org/pages/217131
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2287
scrawled sole
Trinectes inscriptus
Trinectes inscriptus (Gosse, 1851)
trinectes inscriptus
Trinectes inscriptus
devil ray
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RMH
ITIS:160997
http://eol.org/pages/986006
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2296
Atlantic devil ray
lesser devil ray
small devilfish
Mobula hypostoma
Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)
mobula hypostoma
Mobula hypostoma
*Senna alexandrina *(Alexandrian senna) is an ornamental plant in the genus Senna. It is used in herbalism. It grows natively in lower Egypt, especially in the Nubian region, and near Khartoum (Sudan), where it is cultivated commercially. It is also grown elsewhere, notably in India and Somalia.
Historically, Senna alexandrina was used in the form of senna pods, or as herbal tea made from the leaves, as a laxative. It also serves as a fungicide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_alexandrina]
true senna plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13050
GRIN:100067
ITIS:505142
PLANTS:SEAL5
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4189
Indian senna
casse
jalelo
Senna alexandrina Mill.
Senna alexandrina P. Mill.
alexandrian senna
senna alexandrina
Senna alexandrina
Cambarinae
Pachygrapsus
mottled shore crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YGT
ITIS:99047
http://eol.org/pages/344572
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3566
mottled shore crab
Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850)
african matchbox crab
pachygrapsus transversus
Pachygrapsus transversus
Asparagales
Euheterodonta
starry skate
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:99
FAO ASFIS:RFT
ITIS:160854
http://eol.org/pages/211773
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4098
starry skate
Raja stellulata
Raja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Raja stellulata Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
raja stellulata
Raja stellulata
cape dory
Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ZCP
ITIS:625289
http://eol.org/pages/213647
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2184
Cape dory
Zeus capensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835
Zeus capensis Valenciennes, 1835
zeus capensis
Zeus capensis
Carduinae
chilean croaker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:IAG
ITIS:646585
http://eol.org/pages/216364
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1814
corvina
corvina drum
Cilus gilberti
Cilus gilberti (Abbott 1899)
Cilus gilberti (Abbott, 1899)
chilean grunt
cilus gilberti
corvina
Cilus gilberti
french rose plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12615
GRIN:5351
ITIS:24827
PLANTS:ROGA
http://eol.org/pages/635719
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4521
French rose
apothecary rose
red-rose-of-Lancaster
Rosa gallica L.
apothecary rose
hungarian rose
officinal rose
red rose
red-rose-of-lancaster
rosa gallica
Rosa gallica
dog rose plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12609
GRIN:5309
ITIS:24819
PLANTS:ROCA3
http://eol.org/pages/234403
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2961
dog briar
Rosa canina L.
rosa canina
Rosa canina
chive
Allium schoenoprasum
chinook salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:247
FAO ASFIS:CHI
FDA RFE 2010:44
ITIS:161980
http://eol.org/pages/205252
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1132
Chinook salmon
king salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)
king salmon
oncorhynchus tshawytscha
salmon, chinook
spring salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
horse-eye jack
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NXL
ITIS:168610
http://eol.org/pages/356288
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2178
horse-eye jack
Caranx latus
Caranx latus Agassiz 1831
Caranx latus Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1831
caranx latus
jack, horse-eye
jurel (horse-eye jack)
Caranx latus
bluefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BLU
ITIS:168559
http://eol.org/pages/205264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1512
blue fish
Pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766)
pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix
european dewberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12664
GRIN:32278
ITIS:24898
PLANTS:RUCA
http://eol.org/pages/623336
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4208
Rubus caesius L.
rubus caesius
Rubus caesius
black raspberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12672
GRIN:32401
ITIS:24854
PLANTS:RUOC
http://eol.org/pages/244604
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1618
black raspberry
Rubus occidentalis L.
rubus occidentalis
Rubus occidentalis
purple-flowered raspberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12673
GRIN:32402
ITIS:24997
PLANTS:RUOD
http://eol.org/pages/628233
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4268
flowering raspberry
Rubus odoratus L.
rubus odoratus
Rubus odoratus
*Rubus phoenicolasius* (Japanese Wineberry, Wineberry, or Wine Raspberry) is a species of raspberry (*Rubus* subgenus *Idaeobatus*) native to northern China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become naturalised and sometimes invasive in parts of Europe and eastern North America.
wineberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_phoenicolasius
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12674
GRIN:32416
ITIS:25017
PLANTS:RUPH
http://eol.org/pages/632717
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4261
Japanese wineberry
duo xian xuan gou zi
wine raspberry
Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.
japanese wineberry
rubus phoenicolasius
wine raspberry
Rubus phoenicolasius
*Rubus ulmifolius* is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name zarzamora. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and it is widely known elsewhere as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is a brambly shrub with compound leaves and small, white or pink flowers. The fruit is a blackberry.
elmleaf blackberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_ulmifolius
http://langual.org
GRIN:313548
ITIS:504890
PLANTS:RUUL
http://eol.org/pages/625649
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4298
Rubus ulmifolius Schott
rubus ulmifolius
thornless blackberry
zarzamora
Rubus ulmifolius
california blackberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32482
GRIN:415605
GRIN:415606
ITIS:25073
ITIS:524637
ITIS:524638
ITIS:530962
ITIS:566767
ITIS:566768
PLANTS:RUUR
PLANTS:RUURM
PLANTS:RUURS
PLANTS:RUURU
PLANTS:RUURU2
http://eol.org/pages/244332
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4207
California blackberry
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl.
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. sirbenus (L.H. Bailey) J.T. Howell
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. ursinus
Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus ssp. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
Rubus ursinus subsp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus subsp. ursinus
Rubus ursinus var. sirbenus (Bailey) J.T. Howell
Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schldl.
Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
pacific blackberry
pacific dewberry
rubus ursinus
Rubus ursinus
flathead catfish species
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:IPO
ITIS:164029
http://eol.org/pages/221296
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2582
flathead catfish
Pylodictis olivaris
Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818)
catfish, flathead
pylodictis olivaris
Pylodictis olivaris
red hawaiian porgy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FDA RFE 2010:12
ITIS:169231
http://eol.org/pages/344840
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1815
cockney snapper
eastern snapper
golden snapper
old man red snapper
old man snapper
queen red bream
silver seabream
squirefish
western bream
Chrysophrys auratus
Chrysophrys auratus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
australia red seabream
chrysophrys auratus
porgy, red hawaiian
Pagrus auratus
canadian wild rice plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13989
GRIN:42267
ITIS:41319
PLANTS:ZIAQ
http://eol.org/pages/1114723
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4245
Canadian wild rice
Zizania aquatica L.
annual wild rice
annual wildrice
zizania aquatica
Zizania aquatica
Alaska blackfish are found in swamps, ponds, lakes, and streams with vegetation for cover, in tundra and forested locations not far inland. Their range includes Alaska and the Bering Sea islands. Alaska Natives once ate these fish and fed them to their dogs, catching them in the fall and freezing them for use over winter.
alaska blackfish
WIKIPEDIA:Dallia_pectoralis
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:DAP
ITIS:162159
http://eol.org/pages/1012685
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4482
Alaska blackfish
Dallia pectoralis Bean, 1880
dallia pectoralis
Dallia pectoralis
prickly lettuce plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10661
GRIN:21365
ITIS:36608
MANSFELD:32046
PLANTS:LASE
http://eol.org/pages/468149
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2951
Lactuca scariola
compass-plant
prickly lettuce
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca serriola
Echinozoa
neet (fish)
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NRN
ITIS:649174
http://eol.org/pages/570862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2318
poor man's tropheus
Neetroplus nematopus Günther, 1867
hypsophrys nematopus
neetroplus nematopus
poor man's tropheus
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from NEAT (FISH), LanguaL 2009 (spelling mistake).
Hypsophrys nematopus
red drum
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:749
FAO ASFIS:RDM
FDA RFE 2010:60
ITIS:169290
http://eol.org/pages/993263
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2460
channel bass
red drum
redfish
spottail bass
Sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenops ocellatus
sea urchin
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1501
FAO ASFIS:URS
ITIS:157949
http://eol.org/pages/599659
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2107
Echinus esculentus
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus 1758
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758
echinus esculentus
evechinus chloroticus
heliocidaris spp.
loxechimus spp.
paracentrotus lividus
pseudocentrotus spp.
strongylocentrotus spp.
Echinus esculentus
black kingklip
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CUB
ITIS:165003
http://eol.org/pages/1004130
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1857
Genypterus maculatus
Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi 1846)
Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846)
black cusk-eel
genypterus maculatus
kingklip, black
Genypterus maculatus
Cheilodactylidae
Nemadactylus
The porae or blue morwong, *Nemadactylus douglasii*, is a morwong of the genus *Nemadactylus*, found around south eastern Australia and the north eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand at depths of about 10 to 100 metres, on sandy and rocky coasts. Its length is between 40 and 100 cm. Max weight is at least 12 kg.
porae
WIKIPEDIA:Nemadactylus_douglasii
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:377002
FAO ASFIS:CDD
ITIS:645482
http://eol.org/pages/224006
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4287
porae
Nemadactylus douglasii
Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector 1875)
Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector, 1875)
Nemadactylus douglasii Hector, 1875
grey morwong
nemadactylus douglasii
Nemadactylus douglasii
tarakihi
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:850
FAO ASFIS:TAK
ITIS:170262
http://eol.org/pages/205589
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1910
tarakihi
Nemadactylus macropterus
Nemadactylus macropterus (Block and Schneider, 1801)
Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster, 1801)
jackass morwong
morwong, jackass
nemadactylus macropterus
Nemadactylus macropterus
round kumquat plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9854
GRIN:237
ITIS:502643
MANSFELD:7544
PLANTS:FOJA
http://eol.org/pages/483556
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2775
marumi kumquat
meiwa kumquat
Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle
fortunella japonica
marumi kumquat
Citrus japonica
*Nuphar lutea* (Yellow Water-lily) is an aquatic plant of the family *Nymphaeaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. Root - raw or cooked. The root can be soaked in water in order to remove a bitter taste. After long boiling, it has a taste like sheep's liver. The root can also be dried and ground into a powder then used as a thickener in soups, or can be added to cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc. Seed - raw or cooked. It can be roasted, then ground into a powder and eaten raw or used to thicken soups etc. The seed can also be toasted like popcorn. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Nuphar+lutea]
yellow pond lily plant
WIKIPEDIA:Nuphar_lutea
http://langual.org
Use Food: Native people gathered the thick rootstocks in winter and spring, boiled or roasted them for several hours, then peeled them to expose their sweet, gluey contents. Rootstocks were also sliced, dried and ground into meal or flour. The starchy seeds can be difficult to remove, so the tribes rotted the fruits until the pods became soft. The heated seeds swell like poor-quality popcorn, making a crunchy snack. (Kershaw) [https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=nulu
DPNL 2003:11411
GRIN:416165
ITIS:503968
PLANTS:NULU
http://eol.org/pages/486680
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4463
brandy-bottle
yellow pond lily
yellow pond-lily
yellow water lily
yellow water-lily
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
nuphar lutea
yellow water-lily
Nuphar lutea
Vertebrata <vertebrates>
Vertebrata
vertebrates
Vertebrata
vertebrates
Vertebrata <vertebrates>
sea lamprey
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:6
FAO ASFIS:LAU
ITIS:159722
http://eol.org/pages/580535
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2704
marine lamprey
sea lamprey
sea lampreys
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758
petromyzon marinus
Petromyzon marinus
giant goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1041
FAO ASFIS:GBC
ITIS:171841
http://eol.org/pages/2802148
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3925
giant goby
Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1811
Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814
gobius cobitis
Gobius cobitis
Gnathostomata
jawed vertebrates
Gnathostomata <vertebrates>
cartilaginous fishes
fish
fishes
Chondrichthyes
elasmobranchs
Elasmobranchii
Raja
thornback ray
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJC
ITIS:160901
http://eol.org/pages/209174
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4085
thornback ray
Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
raja clavata
Raja clavata
little skate
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:95
FAO ASFIS:RJD
ITIS:564130
http://eol.org/pages/217228
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4086
little skate
Leucoraja erinacea
Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825)
Raja erinacea (Mitchill 1852)
Raja erinacea Mitchill, 1825
leucoraja erinacea
raja erinacea
Leucoraja erinacea
Squalus
dogfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:64
FAO ASFIS:DGS
ITIS:160617
http://eol.org/pages/206805
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1913
spiny dogfish
Squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758
dogfish, spiny
greyfish
piked dogfish
spiny dogfish
squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias
requiem sharks
Carcharhinidae
gray sharks
Carcharhinus
dusky shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:39
FAO ASFIS:DUS
ITIS:160268
http://eol.org/pages/212281
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3531
dusky shark
Carcharhinus obscurus
Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)
carcharhinus obscurus
Carcharhinus obscurus
sandbar shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:40
FAO ASFIS:CCP
ITIS:160289
http://eol.org/pages/218733
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3527
sandbar shark
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)
carcharhinus plumbeus
Carcharhinus plumbeus
smalltail shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CCR
ITIS:160340
http://eol.org/pages/212086
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3529
smalltail shark
Carcharhinus porosus
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839)
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1840)
carcharhinus porosus
Carcharhinus porosus
Mustelus
dusky smooth-hound
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CTI
ITIS:160230
http://eol.org/pages/994610
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2312
smooth dogfish
Mustelus canis
Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815)
gummy shark
mustelus canis
smooth dogfish
smooth hound
Mustelus canis
gummy shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:50
FAO ASFIS:CTU
ITIS:160249
http://eol.org/pages/988264
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3512
gummy shark
Mustelus antarcticus
Mustelus antarcticus Günther, 1870
lemonfish
mustelus antarcticus
Mustelus antarcticus
passion fruit
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11657
DPNL 2003:11658
DPNL 2003:11659
GRIN:26962
ITIS:22223
PLANTS:PAED
http://eol.org/pages/584518
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1634
passion fruit
Passiflora edulis Sims
Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis
Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O.Deg.
granadilla
passiflora edulis
purple granadilla
Passiflora edulis
hammerheads
Sphyrna
scalloped hammerhead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPL
ITIS:160508
http://eol.org/pages/994497
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2592
scalloped hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834)
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834)
hammerhead, scalloped
sphyrna lewini
Sphyrna lewini
bonnethead
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPJ
ITIS:160502
http://eol.org/pages/224169
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2594
bonnethead
Sphyrna tiburo
Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758)
sphyrna tiburo
Sphyrna tiburo
Scyliorhinus
small-spotted catshark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:31
FAO ASFIS:SYC
ITIS:160065
http://eol.org/pages/994476
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3518
smaller spotted catshark
smaller spotted dogfish
spotted catshark
spotted dogfish
Scyliorhinus canicula
Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
rock salmon
scyliorhinus canicula
Scyliorhinus canicula
houndsharks
Triakidae
mackerel sharks
Lamninae
Isurus
longfin mako shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:20
FAO ASFIS:LMA
ITIS:159926
http://eol.org/pages/206719
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2472
longfin mako
longfin mako shark
Isurus paucus
Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966
isurus paucus
Isurus paucus
Lamna
porbeagle
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:22
FAO ASFIS:POR
ITIS:159911
http://eol.org/pages/205461
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1978
Lamna nasus
Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
lamna cornubica
lamna nasus
Lamna nasus
The blackcurrant (*Ribes nigrum*) is a woody shrub in the family *Grossulariaceae* grown for its piquant berries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackcurrant]
black currant plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12576
GRIN:31845
ITIS:24488
MANSFELD:17044
PLANTS:RINI
http://eol.org/pages/583204
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1192
European black currant
Ribes nigrum L.
blackcurrent
ribes nigrum
Ribes nigrum
atlantic calico scallop
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1343
FAO ASFIS:SCC
ITIS:79734
http://eol.org/pages/448753
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1945
Argopecten gibbus
Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758)
aequipecten gibbus
argopecten gibbus
calico scallop
pecten gibbus
Argopecten gibbus
Trigonella foenumgraecum
fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecum
skates
Rajiformes
guitarfishes
Rhinobatidae
chimaeras
Chimaeriformes
elephant fish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CHB
ITIS:564644
http://eol.org/pages/211440
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2269
Australian ghost shark
elephant fish
elephant shark
ghost shark
makorepe
plownose chimaera
reperepe
Callorhinchus milii
Callorhinchus milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823)
Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823
callorhynchus millii
elephant shark
silver trumpeter
Callorhinchus milii
ratfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:121
FAO ASFIS:CMO
ITIS:161022
http://eol.org/pages/227516
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2878
rabbit fish
Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758
chimaera monstrosa
hydrolagus novaezelandiae
hydrolagus spp.
Chimaera monstrosa
sturgeons
Acipenseridae
Acipenser
russian sturgeoun
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APG
ITIS:161073
http://eol.org/pages/356566
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3811
Caspian sturgeon
Russian sturgeon
osietra
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeberg 1833
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833
acipenser gueldenstaedti
acipenser güldenstädti
danube sturgeon
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
sevruga
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APE
ITIS:161078
http://eol.org/pages/206889
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3813
sevruga
starry sturgeon
stellate sturgeon
Acipenser stellatus
Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771
acipenser stellatus
starry surgeon
Acipenser stellatus
white sturgeon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:136
FAO ASFIS:APN
ITIS:161068
http://eol.org/pages/223783
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1973
white sturgeon
Acipenser transmontanus
Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836
acipenser transmontanus
Acipenser transmontanus
sterlet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APR
ITIS:161079
http://eol.org/pages/211359
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3814
sterlet
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758
acipenser ruthenus
siberian sterlet
Acipenser ruthenus
green sturgeon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:130
FAO ASFIS:AAM
ITIS:161067
http://eol.org/pages/206886
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1972
green sturgeon
short-nose sturgeon
Acipenser medirostris
Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854
acipenser medirostris
Acipenser medirostris
paddlefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PAM
ITIS:161088
http://eol.org/pages/208600
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1412
Mississippi paddlefish
North American paddlefish
Polyodon spathula
Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)
polyodon spathula
Polyodon spathula
bowfin
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:140
FAO ASFIS:AAC
ITIS:161104
http://eol.org/pages/223782
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2436
bowfin
Amia calva
Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766
amia calva
mudfish
Amia calva
true eels
Anguilliformes
Anguilla
european eel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:389
FAO ASFIS:ELE
ITIS:161128
http://eol.org/pages/356349
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2706
European eel
European freshwater eel
Anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla
japanese eel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:392
FAO ASFIS:ELJ
ITIS:161134
http://eol.org/pages/206835
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3497
Japanese eel
Anguilla japonica
Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1847
Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
anguilla japonica
Anguilla japonica
american eel
http://langual.org
freshwater eel
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:393
FAO ASFIS:ELA
ITIS:161127
http://eol.org/pages/203862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2177
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817)
anguilla rostrata
Anguilla rostrata
short-finned eel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:390
FAO ASFIS:ELU
ITIS:161133
http://eol.org/pages/221873
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2673
Australian eel
Australian shortfin eel
Anguilla australis
Anguilla australis Richardson, 1841
anguilla australis
Anguilla australis
Muraenesox
daggertooth pike-conger
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:400
FAO ASFIS:DPC
ITIS:161296
http://eol.org/pages/205526
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3817
daggertooth pike conger
pike eel
Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775)
muraenesox cinereus
sharp-toothed eel
Muraenesox cinereus
Clupeinae
Clupea
atlantic herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:166
FAO ASFIS:HER
ITIS:161722
ITIS:161724
http://eol.org/pages/847095
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1586
Atlantic herring
Clupea harengus
Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758
Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus, 1758
atlantic sardine
clupea harengus
clupea harengus harengus
herring, atlantic
Clupea harengus
carps and others
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
grass carp
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:324
ITIS:163537
http://eol.org/pages/212044
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2867
grass carp
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)
ctenopharyngodon idella
Ctenopharyngodon idella
The common carp or European carp (*Cyprinus carpio*) is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. It gives its name to the carp family *Cyprinidae. Cyprinus carpio* is the number 3 fish of aquaculture after Grass carp and Silver carp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_carp]
common carp
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:326
FAO ASFIS:FCP
ITIS:163344
http://eol.org/pages/985921
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1228
carp
common carp
fancy carp
koi
mirror carp
Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758
chub (carp)
cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio
The southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, *Fulmarus glacialis*, it belongs to the fulmar genus *Fulmarus* in the family *Procellariidae*, the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.
southern fulmar
WIKIPEDIA:Southern_fulmar
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FUG
ITIS:174540
http://eol.org/pages/1049463
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4567
Fulmarus glacialoides (A. Smith, 1840)
antarctic fulmar
fulmarus glacialoides
silver-grey fulmar
Fulmarus glacialoides
giant freshwater prawn
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1232
FAO ASFIS:PRF
ITIS:96343
http://eol.org/pages/344690
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1263
giant freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)
giant freshwater shrimp
giant river prawn
macrobrachium rosenbergii
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
silver hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:477
FAO ASFIS:HKS
ITIS:164791
http://eol.org/pages/205098
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2645
silver hake
Merluccius bilinearis
Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814)
merluccius bilinearis
Merluccius bilinearis
white sucker
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ATO
ITIS:553273
http://eol.org/pages/224315
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2402
white sucker
Catostomus commersoni (Lacepède 1803)
Catostomus commersonii
Catostomus commersonii (Lacepède, 1803)
buffalo fish (catostomus)
catostomus commersoni
Catostomus commersonii
common verbena plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13787
GRIN:41164
ITIS:32110
PLANTS:VEOF
http://eol.org/pages/579851
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3480
Common verbena
common verbena
common vervain
kumatsuzura
ma bian cao
pigeon's-grass
verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis L.
Verbena officinalis
North American freshwater catfishes
bullhead catfishes
Ictaluridae
Ictalurus
channel catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:380
FAO ASFIS:ITP
FDA RFE 2010:23
ITIS:163998
http://eol.org/pages/204762
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1899
channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818)
catfish, channel
ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus punctatus
Pangasiidae
Pangasius
pangas catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGP
ITIS:681712
http://eol.org/pages/205253
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3689
Pangas catfish
yellowtail catfish
Pangasius pangasius
Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)
pangasius pangasius
yellowtail catfish
Pangasius pangasius
pikes and mudminnows
Esociformes
Esox
northern pike
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:282
FAO ASFIS:FPI
ITIS:162139
http://eol.org/pages/206652
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1143
northern pike
Esox lucius
Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758
esox lucius
Esox lucius
smelts
Osmeridae
Osmerus
rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax
salmonids
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus
pink salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PIN
FDA RFE 2010:41
ITIS:161975
http://eol.org/pages/205246
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1116
humpback salmon
pink salmon
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)
oncorhynchus gorbuscha
salmon, pink
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
chum salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:242
FAO ASFIS:CHU
ITIS:161976
http://eol.org/pages/205247
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1115
chum salmon
Oncorhynchus keta
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)
keta salmon
oncorhynchus keta
salmon, chum
Oncorhynchus keta
coho salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:243
FAO ASFIS:COH
FDA RFE 2010:42
ITIS:161977
http://eol.org/pages/205248
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1117
coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)
cohoe salmon
medium red salmon
oncorhynchus kisutch
salmon, coho
silver salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch
cherry salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:244
FAO ASFIS:CHE
ITIS:161978
http://eol.org/pages/205249
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1108
Japanese salmon
cherry salmon
masu salmon
salmon trout
Oncorhynchus masou
Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856)
Oncorhynchus masou (Jordan & Oshima 1919)
Oncorhynchus masu (Brevoort, 1856)
masou salmon
oncorhynchus masou
Oncorhynchus masou
rainbow trout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:245
FAO ASFIS:TRR
FDA RFE 2010:43
ITIS:161989
http://eol.org/pages/205250
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1109
rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
oncorhynchus mykiss
salmo gairdneri
salmo irideus
steelhead trout
trout, rainbow
Oncorhynchus mykiss
sockeye salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SOC
ITIS:161979
http://eol.org/pages/205251
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1128
sockeye salmon
Oncorhynchus nerka
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)
blueback salmon
oncorhynchus nerka
red salmon
redfish, little
salmon, sockeye
Oncorhynchus nerka
Salmo
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and, due to human introduction, in the north Pacific Ocean.
atlantic salmon
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:251
FAO ASFIS:SAL
FDA RFE 2010:58
ITIS:161996
http://eol.org/pages/206776
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1587
Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758
salmo salar
Salmo salar
river trout
Salmo trutta
Salvelinus
hog plum plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:35334
ITIS:28816
MANSFELD:28347
PLANTS:SPMO
http://eol.org/pages/582279
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1307
Jamaica-plum
hog-plum
imbu
joboInOwlInOwl
ubos
yellow mombin
Spondias mombin L.
ashanti plum
jamaica-plum
joboInOwl
spondias lutea
spondias mombin
yellow mombin
Spondias mombin
arctic char
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:257
FAO ASFIS:ACH
ITIS:162001
http://eol.org/pages/1156463
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1332
Arctic char
Salvelinus alpinus
Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
char, alpine
salvelinus alpinus
Salvelinus alpinus
The habanero chili was disseminated by Spanish colonists to other areas of the world, to the point that 18th-century taxonomists mistook China for its place of origin and called it *Capsicum chinense* ("the Chinese pepper"). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habanero]
habanero pepper plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:8910
ITIS:30494
PLANTS:CACH30
http://eol.org/pages/581097
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2555
Scotch bonnet
bonnet pepper
habanero
piri piri
rocotillo
Capsicum chinense Jacq.
capsicum chinense
pepper, habanero
Capsicum chinense
brook trout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:258
FAO ASFIS:SVF
ITIS:162003
http://eol.org/pages/205276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1077
brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815)
salvelinus fontinalis
speckled trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
dolly varden
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:259
FAO ASFIS:VAR
ITIS:162000
http://eol.org/pages/225241
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1683
Dolly Varden
Salvelinus malma
Salvelinus malma (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)
Salvelinus malma Taranetz 1933
salvelinus malma
Salvelinus malma
Lake trout (*Salvelinus namaycush*) is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, and grey trout. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_trout]
lake trout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:260
FAO ASFIS:LAT
ITIS:162002
http://eol.org/pages/205277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1503
lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792)
cristivomer namaycush
lake trout
salvelinus namaycush
Salvelinus namaycush
Hucho
cods and others
Gadiformes
cods
tadpole cod
Gadidae
Gadus
atlantic cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:441
FAO ASFIS:COD
FDA RFE 2010:18
ITIS:164712
http://eol.org/pages/206692
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1842
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758
cod, atlantic
gadus morhua
Gadus morhua
greenland cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:442
FAO ASFIS:GRC
ITIS:164717
http://eol.org/pages/206695
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2865
Greenland cod
Gadus ogac
Gadus ogac Richardson, 1836
gadus ogac
Gadus ogac
haddock
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:447
FAO ASFIS:HAD
FDA RFE 2010:37
ITIS:164744
http://eol.org/pages/212899
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1441
haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gadus aeglifinus
melanogrammus aeglefinus
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
european whiting
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:448
CEC 1993:449
FAO ASFIS:WHG
ITIS:164758
http://eol.org/pages/216882
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2644
whiting
Merlangius merlangus
Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830)
gadus merlangus
merlangius merlangus
Merlangius merlangus
Pollachius
saithe
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:461
FAO ASFIS:POK
FDA RFE 2010:53
ITIS:164727
http://eol.org/pages/994633
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1440
pollock
saithe
Pollachius virens
Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758)
black cod
black pollack
coalfish
gadus pollachius
gadus virens
lythe
pollachius virens
pollack
pollock
saithe
sea salmon
sillock
Pollachius virens
merluccid hakes
southern hakes
Merlucciidae
Merluccius
european hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:481
FAO ASFIS:HKE
ITIS:164795
http://eol.org/pages/208465
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3892
Atlantic hake
European hake
chat
densack
seapike
Merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)
merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius
sand seatrout
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YNR
ITIS:169243
http://eol.org/pages/1012532
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1104
sand weakfish
Cynoscion arenarius
Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930
cynoscion arenarius
white seatrout
Cynoscion arenarius
Lophius
pacific cod
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:440
FAO ASFIS:PCO
FDA RFE 2010:17
ITIS:164711
http://eol.org/pages/206691
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1841
Pacific cod
Gadus macrocephalus
Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810
cod, pacific
gadus macrocephalus
Gadus macrocephalus
norway pout
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:465
FAO ASFIS:NOP
ITIS:164756
http://eol.org/pages/206050
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3354
Norway pout
Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855)
Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855)
pout, norway
trisopterus esmarkii
Trisopterus esmarkii
goosefish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1180
FAO ASFIS:ANG
ITIS:164499
http://eol.org/pages/206727
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4073
American angler
American goosefish
anglerfish
Lophius americanus
Lophius americanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837
Lophius americanus Valenciennes, 1837
amercan angler
lophius americanus
Lophius americanus
monkfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1182
FAO ASFIS:MON
ITIS:164501
http://eol.org/pages/206728
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2401
allmouth goosefish
angler
Lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758
allmouth
anglerfish
frogfish
lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius
Atheriniformes
blue swimming crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SCD
ITIS:199965
http://eol.org/pages/343654
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2213
blue swimmer crab
sand crab
Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758
bluey
portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus
Cottioidei
lumpfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1093
FAO ASFIS:LUM
ITIS:167612
http://eol.org/pages/1011820
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1823
lumpfish
lumpsucker
Cyclopterus lumpus
Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus, 1758
cyclopterus lumpus
lumpsucker
Cyclopterus lumpus
Scorpaenoidei
perches and others
Perciformes
cichlids
Cichlidae
mozambique tilapia
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:823
FAO ASFIS:TLM
FDA RFE 2010:46
ITIS:170015
http://eol.org/pages/356342
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1833
Hawaiian perch
Hawaiian sunfish
Java tilapia
Mozambique cichlid
Mozambique tilapia
largemouth tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
oreochromis mossambicus
tilapia mossambica
tilapia, mozambique
Oreochromis mossambicus
nile tilapia
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:824
FAO ASFIS:TLN
FDA RFE 2010:47
ITIS:553310
http://eol.org/pages/356343
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1834
Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Oreochromis niloticus Trewavas 1983
oreochromis niloticus
tilapia nilotica
tilapia, nile
Oreochromis niloticus
Opah (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish, kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic *Lampriform* fish comprising the small family *Lampridae* (also spelled *Lamprididae*).
moonfish
WIKIPEDIA:Opah
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:268001
AFNS 2009 37:268900
CEC 1993:503
FAO ASFIS:LAG
ITIS:166326
http://eol.org/pages/212278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4285
Jerusalem haddock
North Atlantic opah
opah
Lampris guttatus
Lampris guttatus & Lampris immaculatus
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788)
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)
Lampris guttatus Brunnich, 1788
jerusalem haddock
kingfish
lampris guttatus
opah
redfin ocean pan
sunfish
Lampris guttatus
Oreochromis
Synodontidae
atlantic lizardfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:387
FAO ASFIS:SDR
ITIS:162380
http://eol.org/pages/212055
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3828
Atlantic lizardfish
Synodus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lizardfish
synodus saurus
Synodus saurus
jacks
pompanos
Carangidae
Caranx
Seriola
temperate perches
Percichthyidae
Micromesistius
blue whiting
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:453
FAO ASFIS:WHB
ITIS:164774
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1837
Couch's whiting
blue whiting
poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1826)
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827)
micromesistius poutassou
poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou
cusk
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:435
FAO ASFIS:USK
FDA RFE 2010:5
ITIS:164740
http://eol.org/pages/205187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2143
tusk
Brosme brosme
Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772)
brosme brosme
brosmius brosme
moonfish
tusk
Brosme brosme
japan sea bass
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:591
FAO ASFIS:BAJ
ITIS:167951
http://eol.org/pages/204582
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1760
Japanese seabass
suzuki
Lateolabrax japonicus
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier, 1828)
lateolabrax japonicus
sea bass, japanese
Lateolabrax japonicus
cuskfishes
rocklings
Lotidae
perches
Percidae
Perca
The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), commonly referred to as perch, is a freshwater perciform fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch was described in 1814 by Samuel Latham Mitchill from New York. It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch (Perca fluviatilis).
yellow perch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:607
FAO ASFIS:FPY
ITIS:168469
http://eol.org/pages/205259
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1177
American perch
Dodd fish
Perca flavescens
coontail
lake perch
raccoon perch
ring-tail perch
ringed perch
striped perch
yellow perch
Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)
perca flavescens
Perca flavescens
eurasian perch
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:608
FAO ASFIS:FPE
ITIS:168470
http://eol.org/pages/223357
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2336
European perch
Perca fluviatilis
european perch
perca fluviatilis
perch
redfin
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758
river perch
Perca fluviatilis
porgies
Sparidae
Pagrus
red porgy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:797
FAO ASFIS:RPG
ITIS:169207
http://eol.org/pages/204040
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2283
common sea bream
common seabream
red porgy
Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
pagrus pagrus
pagrus sedicem
Pagrus pagrus
gilt headed bream
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:793
FAO ASFIS:SBG
ITIS:647901
http://eol.org/pages/587825
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2858
gilthead bream
gilthead seabream
silver seabream
Sparus aurata
Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758
sparus aurata
Sparus aurata
sunfishes
Centrarchidae
Pomoxis
The black crappie, *Pomoxis nigromaculatus* (Lesueur, 1829), is very similar to *P. annularis* in size, shape, and habits, except that it is darker, with a pattern of black spots. The black crappie has 7-8 spines on its dorsal fin. The number of spines on the dorsal fin, is occasionally the only way to differeniate between a juvenile black crappie and a white crappie. The black crappie tends to prefer clearer water than the white crappie does. Its native range is uncertain, since it has been so widely transplanted, but it is presumed to be similar to the white crappie's. The black crappie is also known as the strawberry bass or Oswego bass. (
black crappie
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:597
FAO ASFIS:PXG
ITIS:168167
http://eol.org/pages/225242
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1819
black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829)
crappie, black
pomoxis nigromaculatus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
snooks
Centropomidae
Lates
The barramundi or Asian sea bass, is a species of catadromous fish in the family Latidae of the order Perciformes. The species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region from South Asia to Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia. The fish is known as pla kapong in Thai and as bhetki in Bengali.
barramundi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barramundi
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:557
FAO ASFIS:GIP
ITIS:167669
http://eol.org/pages/204766
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2872
Asian sea bass
Asian seabass
Barramundi perch
barramundi
barramundi perch
bekti
bhetki
cockup
giant perch
nairfish
palmer
pla kapong
silver barramundi
Lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)
lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer
https://www.seafoodsource.com/seafood-handbook/finfish/barramundi
mullets
Mugilidae
Mugil
Zoarcales
Anarhichas
atlantic wolffish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:906
FAO ASFIS:CAA
FDA RFE 2010:2
ITIS:171341
http://eol.org/pages/222376
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1817
Atlantic wolffish
wolf-fish
Anarhichas lupus
Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus, 1758
anarhichas lupus
wolffish, atlantic
Anarhichas lupus
burrowing gobies
gobies
wormfishes
Gobiidae
Euthynnus
skipjack tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:961
FAO ASFIS:SKJ
FDA RFE 2010:25
ITIS:172401
http://eol.org/pages/205769
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1376
bonito
skipjack tuna
Katsuwonus pelamis
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
euthynnus pelamis
katsuwonus pelamis
thynnus pelamis
Katsuwonus pelamis
kawakawa
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:955
FAO ASFIS:KAW
FDA RFE 2010:16
ITIS:172403
http://eol.org/pages/223063
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1546
eastern little tuna
island bonito
island skipjack
kawakawa
Euthynnus affinis
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)
euthynnus affinis
euthynnus yaito
Euthynnus affinis
spotted tunny
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:956
FAO ASFIS:LTA
ITIS:172402
http://eol.org/pages/223064
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1111
little tunny
Euthynnus alletteratus
Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810)
euthynnus alletteratus
Euthynnus alletteratus
Sarda
striped bonito
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:969
FAO ASFIS:BIP
ITIS:172410
http://eol.org/pages/211444
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2189
striped bonito
Sarda orientalis
Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
sarda orientalis
sarda velox
Sarda orientalis
pacific bonito
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:968
FAO ASFIS:BEP
FDA RFE 2010:59
ITIS:172408
ITIS:613015
ITIS:613016
http://eol.org/pages/208607
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1791
Pacific bonito
Sarda chiliensis
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, I831)
Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis lineolata (Girard, 1858)
bonito, pacific
eastern pacific bonito
sarda chiliensis
Sarda chiliensis
atlantic bonito
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:970
FAO ASFIS:BON
ITIS:172409
http://eol.org/pages/356355
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1792
Atlantic bonito
Sarda sarda
Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)
bonito, atlantic
pelamys sardis
sarda sarda
scomber mediterraneus
scomber palamitus
Sarda sarda
Thunnus
albacore
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:996
FAO ASFIS:ALB
FDA RFE 2010:89
ITIS:172419
http://eol.org/pages/205933
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1506
albacore
Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)
thunnus alalunga
thunnus germo
Thunnus alalunga
The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.
yellowfin tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:997
FAO ASFIS:YFT
FDA RFE 2010:90
ITIS:172423
http://eol.org/pages/205934
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1074
ahi tuna
ahi tuna fish
yellowfin tuna
Thunnus albacares
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
neothunnus macropterus
thunnus albacares
tuna, yellowfin
Thunnus albacares
bluefin tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1002
FAO ASFIS:BFT
ITIS:172421
http://eol.org/pages/223943
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1120
Atlantic bluefin tuna
bluefin tuna
northern bluefin tuna
Thunnus thynnus
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
thunnus thynnus
Thunnus thynnus
southern bluefin tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SBF
ITIS:172431
http://eol.org/pages/212861
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1003
southern bluefin tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872)
thunnus maccoyii
Thunnus maccoyii
bigeye tuna
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1000
FAO ASFIS:BET
ITIS:172428
http://eol.org/pages/212862
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1069
bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)
ahi
parathunnus mebachi
thunnus obesus
Thunnus obesus
*Tilia platyphyllos* is a species of flowering plant in the family *Malvaceae (Tiliaceae)*. It is a deciduous tree, native to much of Europe, including locally in southwestern Great Britain, growing on lime-rich soils. The common names largeleaf linden and large-leaved linden are in standard use throughout the English-speaking world except in the British Isles, where it is widely, but not universally, known as large-leaved lime. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_platyphyllos]
bigleaf linden plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13542
GRIN:36695
ITIS:21541
MANSFELD:4863
PLANTS:TIPL
http://eol.org/pages/584812
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2967
broad-leaved lime
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
tilia platyphyllos
Tilia platyphyllos
swordfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SWO
FDA RFE 2010:93
ITIS:172482
http://eol.org/pages/206878
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1427
swordfish
Xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758
xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius
parrotfishes
wrasses
Labridae
flatfishes
Pleuronectiformes
saffron plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:12265
MANSFELD:14971
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1459
saffron crocus
Crocus sativus L.
crocus sativus
Crocus sativus
Paralichthys
olive flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1106
FAO ASFIS:BAH
ITIS:172744
http://eol.org/pages/224379
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4039
Japanese flounder
bastard halibut
false halibut
olive flounder
Paralichthys olivaceus
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
bastard halibut
paralichthys olivaceus
Paralichthys olivaceus
righteye flounders
Pleuronectidae
Limanda
yellowtail flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1123
FAO ASFIS:YEL
FDA RFE 2010:28
ITIS:172909
http://eol.org/pages/205418
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1872
yellowtail flounder
Limanda ferruginea
Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839)
flounder, yellowtail
limanda ferruginea
Myzopsetta ferruginea
Platichthys
european flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1129
FAO ASFIS:FLE
ITIS:172894
http://eol.org/pages/994631
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3353
European flounder
Platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
flounder, european
platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus
Pleuronectes
european plaice
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1131
FAO ASFIS:PLE
ITIS:172902
http://eol.org/pages/208483
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1861
European plaice
plaice
Pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758
plaice, european
pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa
blackback flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1134
FAO ASFIS:FLW
FDA RFE 2010:54
ITIS:172905
http://eol.org/pages/220101
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1971
winter flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792)
Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum, 1792
pleuronectes americanus
pseudopleuronectes americanus
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
conger eel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:403
FAO ASFIS:COE
ITIS:161341
http://eol.org/pages/215394
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2299
European conger
Conger conger
Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758)
conger conger
sea eel
Conger conger
Hippoglossus
atlantic halibut
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1119
FAO ASFIS:HAL
ITIS:172933
http://eol.org/pages/206587
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1877
Atlantic halibut
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
halibut, atlantic
hippoglossus hippoglossus
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
european chub
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:335
FAO ASFIS:LUH
ITIS:163581
http://eol.org/pages/2778689
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3475
European chub
chub
Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)
leuciscus cephalus
Squalius cephalus
*Aesculus turbinata*, common name "Japanese horse-chestnut" is native to Japan but cultivated elsewhere. It is a tree up to 30 m tall. Flowers are white to pale yellowish with red spots. Capsules are dark brown, obovoid to pyriform. The seeds were traditionally eaten, after leaching, by the Jomon people of Japan over about four millennia, until 300 AD.
japanese horse-chestnut tree
WIKIPEDIA:Aesculus_turbinata
http://langual.org
GRIN:1637
ITIS:506070
PLANTS:AETU
http://eol.org/pages/483851
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4372
Japanese horse-chestnut
Aesculus turbinata Blume
aesculus turbinata
japanese horse chestnut
Aesculus turbinata
Coelorinchus
japanese jack mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:658
FAO ASFIS:JJM
ITIS:642012
http://eol.org/pages/210304
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3957
Japanese horse mackerel
Japanese jack mackerel
Trachurus japonicus
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844)
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845)
japanese horse mackerel
japanese scad
trachurus japonicus
Trachurus japonicus
ramie plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:7290
ITIS:19122
PLANTS:BONI2
http://eol.org/pages/594795
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2447
Chinese silk-plant
ramie
zhu ma
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.
boehmeria nivea
china grass
chinese grass
chinese silk plant
white ramie
Boehmeria nivea
riparian frogs
true frogs
Ranidae
american bullfrog
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FOK
ITIS:775084
http://eol.org/pages/330963
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3459
American bullfrog
bullfrog
bullfrogs
Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)
Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802
lithobates catesbeianus
rana catesbeiana
Lithobates catesbeianus
strawberry tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7647
GRIN:3849
ITIS:23629
MANSFELD:18141
PLANTS:ARUN4
http://eol.org/pages/583608
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2761
strawberry tree
Arbutus unedo L.
arbutus
arbutus unedo
cane apple
Arbutus unedo
bearberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7658
GRIN:3866
ITIS:23530
PLANTS:ARUV
http://eol.org/pages/583640
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3404
bearberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
arctostaphylos uva-ursi
bear-grape
hog-cranberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
marsh frog
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGI
ITIS:775195
http://eol.org/pages/320013
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3464
European green frog
laughing frog
marsh frog
Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771
pelophylax ridibundus
rana ridibunda
Pelophylax ridibundus
common frog
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGT
ITIS:173444
http://eol.org/pages/331133
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3462
European common frog
common frog
Rana temporaria Linnaeus 1758
Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758
european frog
rana temporaria
Rana temporaria
sand lances
Ammodytidae
Ammodytes
sandeel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:926
FAO ASFIS:ABZ
ITIS:171676
http://eol.org/pages/224138
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4009
small sandeel
Ammodytes tobianus Linnaeus, 1758
ammodytes tobianus
Ammodytes tobianus
cuban stone crab
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MIQ
ITIS:98813
http://eol.org/pages/1021197
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3556
Cuban stone crab
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson 1859
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859
lumpy stone crab
menippe nodifrons
Menippe nodifrons
rohu
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LRH
ITIS:163681
http://eol.org/pages/216382
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3469
Jayanti rohu
rohu
Labeo rohita
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822)
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
catla catla
indian carp
labeo calbassa
labeo rohita
Labeo rohita
sea turtles
Cheloniidae
loggerhead turtle
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1476
FAO ASFIS:TTL
ITIS:173830
http://eol.org/pages/1056566
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3467
Loggerhead turtle
loggerhead
red sea turtle
Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)
caretta caretta
thalasochelys caretta
Caretta caretta
solenocerid shrimps
Solenoceridae
green turtle
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1477
FAO ASFIS:TUG
ITIS:173833
http://eol.org/pages/454546
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2412
Green sea turtle
green seaturtle
Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelonia mydas
Chelonia mydas
The common snapping turtle (*Chelydra serpentina*) is a large freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia and Florida and as far southwest as northeastern Mexico. This species and the larger alligator snapping turtle are the only two species in this family found in North America (though the common snapping turtle, as its name implies, is much more widespread).
snapping turtle
WIKIPEDIA:Chelydra_serpentina
http://langual.org
ITIS:173752
http://eol.org/pages/795409
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4385
Common snapping turtle
snapping turtle
Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelydra serpentina
Chelydra serpentina
Carissa
Archosauria
Alligator
american alligator
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1480
FAO ASFIS:AGM
ITIS:551771
http://eol.org/pages/796029
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3799
American alligator
Alligator mississippiensis
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1801)
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1803)
Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1802
alligator mississippiensis
gator
Alligator mississippiensis
Crocodylus
nile crocodile
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CRI
ITIS:202200
http://eol.org/pages/795278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3804
African crocodile
Nile crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768
crocodylus niloticus
mamba
Crocodylus niloticus
estuarine crocodile
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1485
FAO ASFIS:CDP
ITIS:174364
http://eol.org/pages/454963
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3803
Australian saltwater crocodile
estuarine crocodile
Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801)
Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801
Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801
crocodylus porosus
saltie
saltwater crocodile
Crocodylus porosus
new guinea crocodile
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1484
FAO ASFIS:CNG
ITIS:174363
http://eol.org/pages/795276
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3802
New Guinea crocodile
Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928)
Crocodylus novaeguineae Schmidt, 1928
crocodylus novaeguineae
new guinea freshwater crocodile
Crocodylus novaeguineae
green iguana
http://langual.org
ITIS:173930
http://eol.org/pages/793235
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3806
Common green iguana
common iguana
Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758)
common green iguana
iguana iguana
Iguana iguana
black mulberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11261
GRIN:24619
ITIS:19069
MANSFELD:12919
PLANTS:MONI
http://eol.org/pages/596202
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2776
black mulberry
morus nigra
Morus nigra L.
Morus nigra
Pouteria
golden goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1040
ITIS:171838
http://eol.org/pages/211551
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3924
golden goby
Gobius auratus Risso, 1810
gobius auratus
Gobius auratus
black goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1042
FAO ASFIS:GBN
ITIS:171850
http://eol.org/pages/206703
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3926
black goby
Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758
gobius niger
Gobius niger
rock goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1043
FAO ASFIS:GON
ITIS:171854
http://eol.org/pages/2802153
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3927
rock goby
Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758
gobius paganellus
Gobius paganellus
lagoon goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1045
ITIS:172140
http://eol.org/pages/356819
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3933
Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841)
knipowitschia pannizzae
Knipowitschia panizzae
grass goby
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1050
FAO ASFIS:GBO
ITIS:172086
http://eol.org/pages/1012834
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3940
grass goby
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1811)
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814)
zosterisessor ophiocephalus
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus
brine shrimp
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AMS
ITIS:83691
http://eol.org/pages/1020243
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2464
Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758
artemia salina
Artemia salina
mandarin orange
tangerine
Citrus reticulata
tope shark
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:49
FAO ASFIS:GAG
ITIS:160181
http://eol.org/pages/217962
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2525
tope shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
galeorhinus galeus
grey shark
greyboy
school shark
Galeorhinus galeus
lake neuchâtel whitefish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:233
FAO ASFIS:CIR
ITIS:623416
http://eol.org/pages/845285
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4054
Coregonus macrophthalmus (Nusslin, 1882)
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin 1882
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin, 1882
coregonus macrophthalmus
Coregonus macrophthalmus
blue whitefish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:239
FAO ASFIS:CIG
ITIS:623435
http://eol.org/pages/1156777
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4058
Coregonus wartmanni
Coregonus wartmanni (Bloch, 1784)
coregonus wartmanni
Coregonus wartmanni
bramble shark
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:71
FAO ASFIS:SHB
ITIS:160713
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4123
bramble shark
spinous shark
spiny shark
Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
echinorhinus brucus
spinous shark
spiny shark
Echinorhinus brucus
new zealand lanternshark
http://langual.org
FISHBASE:54017
ITIS:160674
http://eol.org/pages/994319
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2910
New Zealand lanternshark
Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957
baxters dogfish
etmopterus baxteri
Etmopterus baxteri
Mobula
Cactineae
long-finned eel
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EWN
ITIS:161131
http://eol.org/pages/222625
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3451
mottled eel
Anguilla nebulosa McClelland, 1844
anguilla nebulosa
mottled eel
Anguilla nebulosa
*Vigna umbellata* (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi, previously *Phaseolus calcaratus*, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean.
rice bean plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rice_bean
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13839
GRIN:41643
ITIS:506275
PLANTS:VIUM2
http://eol.org/pages/4277
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1702
mambi-bean
rice bean
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
phaseolus calcaratus
red bean
vigna umbellata
Vigna umbellata
flatiron herring
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCT
ITIS:161757
http://eol.org/pages/206574
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2152
Pacific flatiron herring
Harengula thrissina
Harengula thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)
Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
harengula thrissina
Harengula thrissina
red mullet
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:810
FAO ASFIS:MUR
ITIS:169418
http://eol.org/pages/207915
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2567
striped red mullet
Mullus surmuletus
Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
mullet, red
mullus surmuletus
Mullus surmuletus
salema
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:791
FAO ASFIS:SLM
ITIS:182942
http://eol.org/pages/205278
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3502
salema
Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758)
boops salpa
sarpa salpa
sparus salpa
Sarpa salpa
Atherina
boyer's sandsmelt
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:541
FAO ASFIS:ATB
ITIS:166024
http://eol.org/pages/206981
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3820
big-scale sand smelt
Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810
atherina boyeri
capsian sandsmelt
small sandsmelt
Atherina boyeri
birds
avian
Aves
Palaeognathae
The Emu, *Dromaius novaehollandiae*, is the largest bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the genus *Dromaius*. It is the second-largest extant bird in the world by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. There are three subspecies of Emus in Australia. The Emu is common over most of mainland Australia, although it avoids heavily populated areas, dense forest, and arid areas.
emu
WIKIPEDIA:Dromaius_novaehollandiae
http://langual.org
ITIS:174385
http://eol.org/pages/1178369
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2719
emu
Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)
dromaius novaehollandiae
Dromaius novaehollandiae
Rheidae
Darwin's rhea (*Rhea pennata*), also known as the lesser rhea, is a large flightless bird, but the smaller of the two extant species of rheas. It is found in the Altiplano and Patagonia in South America.
lesser rhea
WIKIPEDIA:Darwin%27s_rhea
http://langual.org
ITIS:696083
http://eol.org/pages/130164
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4558
lesser rhea
Pterocnemia pennata (Orbigny, 1834)
darwin's rhea
pterocnemia pennata
rhea pennata
Pterocnemia pennata
greater rhea
http://langual.org
ITIS:174379
http://eol.org/pages/1178370
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4557
common rhea
greater rhea
Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
american rhea
rhea americana
Rhea americana
The Ostrich, or Common Ostrich (*Struthio camelus*), is one or two species of large flightless birds native to Africa, the only living member(s) of the genus *Struthio* that is in the ratite family. Some analyses indicate that the Somali Ostrich may be better considered a full species apart from the Common Ostrich, but most taxonomists consider it to be a subspecies.
ostrich
WIKIPEDIA:Struthio_camelus
http://langual.org
ITIS:174375
http://eol.org/pages/1178371
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2118
African ostrich
ostrich
Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758
common ostrich
struthio camelus
Struthio camelus
harvestfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1021
FAO ASFIS:ERP
ITIS:172566
http://eol.org/pages/614554
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2286
American harvestfish
Peprilus paru
Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758)
northern harvestfish
peprilus alepidotus
peprilus paru
Peprilus paru
*Prunus salicina* (syn. *Prunus triflora* or *Prunus thibetica*), commonly called the Japanese plum or Chinese plum, is a small deciduous tree native to China. It is now also grown in fruit orchards in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Australia.
The fruit is a drupe 4-7 cm in diameter with yellow-pink flesh; it can be harvested in the summer. When fully ripe it can be eaten raw. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_salicina]
japanese plum plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12294
GRIN:30091
ITIS:506232
MANSFELD:9360
PLANTS:PRSA3
http://eol.org/pages/231338
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2736
Japanese plum
su-momo
Prunus salicina Lindl.
Prunus salicina Lindley
prunus salicina
susina
Prunus salicina
pacific rock crab
red rock crab
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ROC
ITIS:98672
http://eol.org/pages/317369
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3561
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3563
red rock crab
Cancer productus
Cancer productus J. W. Randall, 1840
Cancer productus Randall, 1839
california red rock crab
cancer productus
red rock crab
Cancer productus
*Chenopodium pallidicaule*, sometimes known as Cañihua, Canihua, Kañiwa, Cañahua is a species of goosefoot, similar in character and uses to the closely related quinoa.
canihua plant
WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_pallidicaule
http://langual.org
GRIN:10193
ITIS:506566
PLANTS:CHPA23
http://eol.org/pages/489446
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3408
Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen
cañahua
cañihua
chenopodium pallidicaule
kañiwa
Chenopodium pallidicaule
Neognathae
The Mallard or Wild Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand and Australia. This duck belongs to the subfamily *Anatinae* of the waterfowl family *Anatidae*.
mallard
http://langual.org
ITIS:175063
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4367
duck
mallard
mallard duck
mallard ducks
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
anas platyrhynchos
duck, wild
wild duck
Anas platyrhynchos
The Muscovy Duck (*Cairina moschata*) is a large duck native to Mexico, Central, and South America. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the United States, particularly in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, as well as in many other parts of North America, including southern Canada. Feral Muscovy Ducks have also been reported in parts of Europe.
muscovy duck
WIKIPEDIA:Muscovy_Duck
http://langual.org
ITIS:175246
http://eol.org/pages/1048537
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4368
Muscovy duck
muscovy
musky duck
Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758)
barbary duck
cairina moschata
Cairina moschata
Beryx
The splendid alfonsino, *Beryx splendens*, is an alfonsino of the genus *Beryx*, found around the world at depths of between 25 and 1,300 m. Their length is between 30 and 70 cm. It is known as kinmedai in sushi and Japanese cuisine.
splendid alfonsino
WIKIPEDIA:Splendid_alfonsino
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:258002
FAO ASFIS:BYS
ITIS:166156
http://eol.org/pages/207037
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4275
splendid alfonsino
Beryx splendens
Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834
beryx splendens
Beryx splendens
Cyttus
boar fish
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ZCU
ITIS:166292
http://eol.org/pages/206432
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4077
Cyttus australis (Richardson, 1843)
cyttus australis
silver dory
Cyttus australis
Microstomus
slime flounder
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MJC
ITIS:172890
http://eol.org/pages/205412
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1975
slime flounder
Microstomus achne
Microstomus achne (Jordan & Starks 1904)
Microstomus achne (Jordan and Starks, 1904)
microstomus achne
Microstomus achne
dover sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MIP
FDA RFE 2010:38
ITIS:172887
http://eol.org/pages/223477
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1511
Dover sole
Microstomus pacificus
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington 1879)
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879)
microstomus pacificus
sole, dover
Microstomus pacificus
shorebirds and others
Charadriiformes
gulls
Laridae
Larus
The great black-backed gull (*Larus marinus*), also known as the greater black-backed gull or, informally, as the black-back, is the largest member of the gull family. It breeds on the European and North American coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and is fairly sedentary, though some black-backs move farther south or inland to large lakes or reservoirs.
great black-backed gull
WIKIPEDIA:Great_black-backed_gull
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LVU
ITIS:176815
http://eol.org/pages/1049577
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4570
great black-backed gull
Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758
greater black-backed gull
larus marinus
Larus marinus
The lesser black-backed gull (*Larus fuscus*) is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. It is a regular winter visitor to the east coast of North America, probably from the breeding population in Iceland.
lesser black-backed gull
WIKIPEDIA:Lesser_black-backed_gull
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LOW
ITIS:176821
http://eol.org/pages/1049580
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4569
lesser black-backed gull
Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758
larus fuscus
Larus fuscus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11278
GRIN:70453
ITIS:42391
MANSFELD:12425
PLANTS:MUPA3
banana
plantain
Musa X paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
Musa x paradisiaca L.
Musa ×paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
musa paradisiaca
musa x paradisiaca
Musa x paradisiaca
pigeons
Columbidae
asian water buffalo
http://langual.org
ITIS:552476
MSW3:14200694
http://eol.org/pages/311907
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2095
domestic water buffalo
river buffalo
water buffalo
Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
bubalus bubalis
water buffalo, asian
Bubalus bubalis
chinese swamp cabbage plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10480
GRIN:20138
ITIS:30759
MANSFELD:21561
PLANTS:IPAQ
http://eol.org/pages/580959
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2462
Chinese water-spinach
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
chinese water spinach
ipomoea aquatica
swamp morning glory
swamp morning-glory
swamp morningglory
water spinach
Ipomoea aquatica
landfowls
Galliformes
offshore silver hake
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:475
FAO ASFIS:HOF
ITIS:164793
http://eol.org/pages/212900
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3887
offshore hake
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill 1818)
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1817)
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1818)
merluccius albidus
Merluccius albidus
southern hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:476
FAO ASFIS:HKN
ITIS:164797
http://eol.org/pages/205985
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3888
southern hake
Merluccius australis
Merluccius australis (Hutton 1872)
Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)
merluccius australis
Merluccius australis
cape hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:478
FAO ASFIS:HKK
ITIS:164798
http://eol.org/pages/207888
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3889
shallow-water Cape hake
south african hake
stock fish
Merluccius capensis
Merluccius capensis Castelnau 1861
Merluccius capensis Castelnau, 1861
merluccius capensis
shallow-water hake
Merluccius capensis
chilean hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:479
FAO ASFIS:PHA
ITIS:164799
http://eol.org/pages/357052
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3890
Southern Pacific hake
Merluccius gayi
Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848)
merluccius gayi
Merluccius gayi
argentine hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:480
FAO ASFIS:HKP
ITIS:164800
http://eol.org/pages/589820
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3891
Argentine hake
southwest atlantic hake
Merluccius hubbsi
Merluccius hubbsi Marini 1933
Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1932
Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933
merluccius hubbsi
Merluccius hubbsi
deepwater hake
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:482
FAO ASFIS:HKO
ITIS:164796
http://eol.org/pages/207889
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3893
deep-water Cape hake
Merluccius paradoxus Franca 1960
Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960
merluccius paradoxus
Merluccius paradoxus
benguela hake
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:483
FAO ASFIS:HKB
ITIS:550664
http://eol.org/pages/338207
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3894
Benguela hake
Merluccius polli Cadenat 1950
Merluccius polli Cadenat, 1950
merluccius polli
Merluccius polli
north pacific hake
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:484
FAO ASFIS:NHA
ITIS:164792
http://eol.org/pages/205099
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3895
North Pacific hake
Merluccius productus
Merluccius productus (Ayres 1855)
Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855)
merluccius productus
Merluccius productus
senegalese hake
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:485
FAO ASFIS:HKM
ITIS:550665
http://eol.org/pages/338208
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3896
Senegalese hake
Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat 1950
Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat, 1950
black hake
merluccius senegalensis
Merluccius senegalensis
turkeys
Phasianidae
yellow sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1142
FAO ASFIS:GSM
ITIS:173021
http://eol.org/pages/205189
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2489
solenette
Buglossidium luteum
Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810)
buglossidium luteum
Buglossidium luteum
thickback sole
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1147
FAO ASFIS:MKG
ITIS:173026
http://eol.org/pages/211403
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2709
thickback sole
Microchirus variegatus
Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808)
microchirus variegatus
Microchirus variegatus
The Northern Bobwhite, Virginia Quail or (in its home range) Bobwhite Quail (*Colinus virginianus*) is a ground-dwelling bird native to the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It is a member of the group of species known as New World quails (*Odontophoridae*). They were initially placed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family (*Phasianidae*), but are not particularly closely related. The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic whistling call.
northern bobwhite
WIKIPEDIA:Bobwhite_Quail
http://langual.org
ITIS:175863
http://eol.org/pages/1049187
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4364
bobwhite quail
common bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758)
bobwhite quail
colinus virginianus
virginia quail
Colinus virginianus
bantam
Gallus gallus
*Camelina sativa*, usually known in English as camelina, gold-of-pleasure, or false flax, also occasionally wild flax, linseed dodder, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed, is a flowering plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It has been traditionally cultivated as an oilseed crop to produce vegetable oil and animal feed. The crop is now being researched due to its exceptionally high levels (up to 45%) of omega-3 fatty acids, which is uncommon in vegetable sources.
gold-of-pleasure plant
WIKIPEDIA:Camelina_sativa
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8278
GRIN:8700
ITIS:22600
PLANTS:CASA2
PLANTS:CASAA
PLANTS:CASAS2
http://eol.org/pages/584191
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4257
false flax
gold-of-pleasure
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. alyssum (Mill.) E. Schmid
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. sativa
big-seed
camelina
camelina sativa
false flax
Camelina sativa
The Common Quail, *Coturnix coturnix*, is a small bird in the pheasant family *Phasianidae*. It is widespread and is found in parts of Europe, (should not be confused with the domesticated Japanese Quail, *Coturnix japonica*, original from Asia that although visually similar have very distinct calls).
common quail
WIKIPEDIA:Common_Quail
http://langual.org
ITIS:553871
http://eol.org/pages/914847
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4366
Common quail
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
coturnix coturnix
Coturnix coturnix
The ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula. A relative of the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), it was sometimes previously treated in a genus of its own (Agriocharis), but the differences between the two turkeys are currently considered too small to justify generic segregation.
Damion Dooley
ocellated turkey
http://langual.org
ITIS:553897
http://eol.org/pages/915307
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4167
ocellated turkey
Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, 1820
meleagris ocellata
Meleagris ocellata
Meleagris
wild turkey
http://langual.org
2019-08-12T20:54:03Z
ITIS:176136
http://eol.org/pages/1049266
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4166
common turkey
turkey
wild turkey
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758
meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo
Heliantheae alliance
butternut tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:20732
ITIS:19250
PLANTS:JUCI
http://eol.org/pages/596229
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1453
Juglans cinerea L.
juglans cinerea
noix juglans cinerea
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the butternut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *BUTTERNUT [B1453]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans cinerea
whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc.
Artiodactyla
fabids
malvids
campanulids
lamiids
Macruronus
patagonian grenadier
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:471
FAO ASFIS:GRM
ITIS:550662
http://eol.org/pages/206739
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3885
Patagonian grenadier
Macruronus magellanicus
Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907
macruronus magellanicus
Macruronus magellanicus
blessed milkthistle plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13113
GRIN:33952
ITIS:38413
PLANTS:SIMA3
http://eol.org/pages/509366
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4203
holy thistle
lady's thistle
milk thistle
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
silybum marianum
Silybum marianum
taiwan giant bamboo plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:13523
ITIS:556521
MANSFELD:19310
PLANTS:SILA23
http://eol.org/pages/490702
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3732
Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro
Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure
dendrocalamus latiflorus
ma bamboo
sinocalamus latifloru
sweet bamboo
sweet giant bamboo
wideleaf bamboo
Lycoteuthis lorigera
*Metroxylon sagu* (true sago palm) is a species of palm in the genus *Metroxylon*, native to tropical southeastern Asia in Indonesia (western New Guinea, and the Moluccas), Papua New Guinea, Malaysia (both Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) and possibly also the Philippines (though may have been introduced there). It is also naturalised in Thailand, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and the Solomon Islands.
sago palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Metroxylon_sagu
http://langual.org
GRIN:103025
ITIS:506732
PLANTS:MESA7
http://eol.org/pages/1138337
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2139
metroxylon sagu
sago palm
true sago palm
Metroxylon sagu Rottb.
Metroxylon sagu
greek sheatfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:375
ITIS:681957
http://eol.org/pages/1156756
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4068
Aristotle's catfish
Silurus aristotelis (Agassiz, 1856)
Silurus aristotelis Garman, 1890
silurus aristotelis
Silurus aristotelis
longnose spurdog
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:65
FAO ASFIS:QUB
ITIS:160621
http://eol.org/pages/339916
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3514
longnose spurdog
Squalus blainville
Squalus blainville (Risso, 1827)
Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826)
Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1827)
northern spurdog
squalus blainville
Squalus blainville
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus *Corchorus*, which has been classified in the family *Tiliaceae*, or more recently in *Malvaceae*. However, it has been reclassified within the family *Sparrmanniaceae*.
Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres.
nalta jute plant
WIKIPEDIA:Corchorus_olitorius
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8823
GRIN:11458
ITIS:21516
PLANTS:COOL
http://eol.org/pages/584868
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1731
Nalta jute
jute
Corchorus olitorius L.
corchorus olitorius
jew's mallow
jute mallow
jute, nalta
molokhia
tossa jute
Corchorus olitorius
The Kola tree (Cola acuminata) belongs to a of family *Sterculiaceae* and genus (Cola) of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa**.
Damion Dooley
kola tree
WIKIPEDIA:Cola_acuminata
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8778
GRIN:101905
ITIS:506101
MANSFELD:5440
PLANTS:COAC4
http://eol.org/pages/486399
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1279
Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
Cola acuminata (P.Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
abata cola
abatacola
cola acuminata
colatree
kola nut
Cola acuminata
Epinephelus
ocean sunfish
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1175
FAO ASFIS:MOX
ITIS:173414
http://eol.org/pages/213810
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4070
ocean sunfish
Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)
mola mola
Mola mola
Psettodes
butterfishes
Stromateidae
pacific round herring
http://langual.org
ITIS:161745
http://eol.org/pages/219520
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1850
Etrumeus micropus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
etrumeus micropus
herring, round
Etrumeus micropus
ginger
Zingiber officinale
pachira tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:26276
ITIS:21605
PLANTS:PAIN7
http://eol.org/pages/584766
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3405
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny
malabar chestnut
pachira insignis
pachira nut
wild chestnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *WILD CHESTNUT [B3405]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Pachira insignis
south american rock mussel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1366
FAO ASFIS:MSL
ITIS:568077
http://eol.org/pages/468743
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4153
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
perna perna
Perna perna
needlefishes
sauries
Belonidae
Strongylura
Dentex
common dentex
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:765
FAO ASFIS:DEC
ITIS:169224
http://eol.org/pages/205454
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3999
common dentex
Dentex dentex
Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
dentex dentex
Dentex dentex
Silurus
wels catfish
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:376
FAO ASFIS:SOM
ITIS:164068
http://eol.org/pages/224550
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2431
Danube catfish
European catfish
Wels catfish
Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758
sheatfish
silurus glanis
Silurus glanis
Jasus
red rock lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1246
FAO ASFIS:LOR
ITIS:660225
http://eol.org/pages/324114
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3603
red rock lobster
Jasus edwardsii
Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875)
jasus edwardsii
Jasus edwardsii
Homo sapiens
human
human being
man
Homo sapiens
Ursus
The (North) American black bear (*Ursus americanus*) is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most common bear species. Although they all live in North America, American black bears are not closely related to brown bears and polar bears; genetic studies reveal that they split from a common ancestor 5.05 million years ago. Both American and Asiatic black bears are considered sister taxa, and are more closely related to each other than to other species of bear
american black bear
WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_americanus
http://langual.org
ITIS:180544
MSW3:14000953
http://eol.org/pages/328582
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4468
American black bear
Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780
baribal
ursus americanus
Ursus americanus
brown bear
grizzly bear
Ursus arctos
roughies
slimeheads
Trachichthyidae
orange roughy
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:513
FAO ASFIS:ORY
FDA RFE 2010:21
ITIS:166139
http://eol.org/pages/206716
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2328
orange roughy
Hoplostethus atlanticus
Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889
deep sea perch
hoplostethus atlanticus
Hoplostethus atlanticus
Sardinella
fringescale sardinella
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:189
FAO ASFIS:FRS
ITIS:161768
http://eol.org/pages/206984
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2648
fringescale sardinella
Sardinella fimbriata
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847)
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847)
sardinella fimbriata
Sardinella fimbriata
oil sardine
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:190
FAO ASFIS:IOS
ITIS:551453
http://eol.org/pages/1000282
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1966
Indian oil sardine
Sardinella longiceps
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847
sardinella longiceps
tamban
Sardinella longiceps
walrus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1427
FAO ASFIS:WAL
ITIS:180639
MSW3:14001024
http://eol.org/pages/328627
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2090
walrus
Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Odobenus rosmarus Linnaeus, 1758
odobenus rosmarus
Odobenus rosmarus
crawling seals
earless seals
seal
seals
true seals
Phocidae
bastard trumpeter
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:853
FAO ASFIS:BMO
ITIS:170268
http://eol.org/pages/1012817
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1936
blue moki
Latridopsis ciliaris
Latridopsis ciliaris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster, 1801)
latridopsis ciliaris
moki
Latridopsis ciliaris
Phoca
The ringed seal (*Pusa hispida*), also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal (family: Phocidae) inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions... Ringed seals occur throughout the Arctic Ocean. They can be found in the Baltic Sea, the Bering Sea and the Hudson Bay. They prefer to rest on ice floe and will move farther north for denser ice. One subspecies can be found in freshwater.
ringed seal
WIKIPEDIA:Pusa_hispida
http://langual.org
ITIS:622018
http://eol.org/pages/1052724
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4498
Ringed seal
Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)
jar seal
pusa hispida
Pusa hispida
cetaceans
whale
whales
whales, dolphins, and porpoises
Cetacea
Monodontidae
The beluga or white whale, *Delphinapterus leucas*, is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family *Monodontidae*, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus *Delphinapterus*. This marine mammal is commonly referred to simply as the beluga or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter. Using the term "white whale" to refer to belugas is, in the strictest sense, erroneous, as the term "whale" is usually applied to the *Mysticeti* (baleen whales) and not to toothed cetaceans which belong to the suborder *Odontoceti*, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ]
beluga whale
WIKIPEDIA:Beluga_whale
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1460
FAO ASFIS:BEL
ITIS:180483
MSW3:14300105
http://eol.org/pages/328541
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4486
beluga
beluga whale
white whale
Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)
Delphinapterus leucas Pallas, 1776
delphinapterus leucas
white whale
Delphinapterus leucas
baleen whales
Mysticeti
Balaenoptera
The common minke whale or northern minke whale (*Balaenoptera acutorostrata*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest member of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century. As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat. It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry. There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere.
northern minke whale
WIKIPEDIA:Common_minke_whale
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1462
FAO ASFIS:MIW
ITIS:180524
MSW3:14300012
http://eol.org/pages/328570
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4572
lesser rorqual
minke whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepède, 1804
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1800
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804
balaenoptera acutorostrata
common minke whale
minke whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Equus
Equus <genus>
zebra
http://langual.org
ITIS:202401
MSW3:14100033
http://eol.org/pages/129474
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2097
mountain zebra
Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758
equus zebra
Equus zebra
African ass
African wild ass
Somali wild ass
ass
domestic ass
donkey
Equus asinus
domestic horse
equine
horse
Equus caballus
Crangon
Brassiceae
A suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
common wild pig
pig
pigs
swine
wild boar
wild pig
wild swine
Sus scrofa
hippopotamus
http://langual.org
ITIS:625024
MSW3:14200106
http://eol.org/pages/311532
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2130
hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758
common hippopotamus
hippopotamus amphibius
Hippopotamus amphibius
Camelidae
Camelus
The Bactrian camel (*Camelus bactrianus*) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of central Asia. The Bactrian camel has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped dromedary camel.
bactrian camel
WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_bactrianus
http://langual.org
ITIS:625026
MSW3:14200112
http://eol.org/pages/344581
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4359
Bactrian camel
camel
domestic Bactrian camel
two-humped camel
Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758
camelus bactrianus
Camelus bactrianus
The dromedary camel or Arabian camel (*Camelus dromedarius*) is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The dromedary camel is the second largest member of the camel family after the larger Bactrian camel.
dromedary camel
WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_dromedarius
http://langual.org
ITIS:625027
MSW3:14200115
http://eol.org/pages/309019
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4360
Arabian camel
camel
dromedaries
dromedary
dromedary camel
one-humped camel
Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758
arabian camel
camelus dromedarius
Camelus dromedarius
llama
http://langual.org
ITIS:625028
http://eol.org/pages/309018
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2741
llama
Lama glama (Linnaeus, 1758)
guanaco
lama glama
Lama glama
deer
Cervidae
moose
http://langual.org
ITIS:180703
MSW3:14200208
http://eol.org/pages/328654
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1257
Eurasian elk
elk
european elk, moose
Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)
Alces alces Linnaeus, 1758
alces alces
eurasian elk
Alces alces
Capreolus
european roe deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:625063
MSW3:14200217
http://eol.org/pages/308479
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4157
Western roe deer
Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758
capreolus capreolus
Capreolus capreolus
Cervus
The red deer (*Cervus elaphus*) is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa.
red deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:180695
MSW3:14200352
http://eol.org/pages/328649
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4371
red deer
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
"[it is] the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source." - Wikipedia.
Cervus elaphus
Cyperoideae
sika deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:180696
MSW3:14200371
http://eol.org/pages/328650
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1621
sika deer
Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838
cervus nippon
Cervus nippon
reindeer
http://langual.org
ITIS:180701
MSW3:14200328
http://eol.org/pages/328653
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1509
caribou
reindeer
Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758
caribou
rangifer tarandus
Rangifer tarandus
Odocoileus
mule deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:180698
MSW3:14200267
http://eol.org/pages/328651
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1622
mule deer
Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)
Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque, 1817
odocoileus hemionus
Odocoileus hemionus
white-tailed deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:180699
MSW3:14200278
http://eol.org/pages/328652
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1537
white-tailed deer
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780
odocoileus virginianus
Odocoileus virginianus
Odocoileinae
canary dentex
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:763
FAO ASFIS:DEN
ITIS:169223
http://eol.org/pages/211147
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4001
Canary dentex
Dentex canariensis Steindachner, 1881
dentex canariensis
Dentex canariensis
pink dentex
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:766
FAO ASFIS:DEP
ITIS:169222
http://eol.org/pages/210976
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4003
pink dentex
Dentex gibbosus
Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque, 1810)
dentex gibbosus
Dentex gibbosus
large-eyed dentex
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:767
FAO ASFIS:DEL
ITIS:169221
http://eol.org/pages/205455
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4004
large-eye dentex
Dentex macrophthalmus (Bloch, 1791)
dentex macrophtalmus
Dentex macrophthalmus
morocco dentex
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:768
FAO ASFIS:DEM
ITIS:169220
http://eol.org/pages/211146
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4005
Morocco dentex
Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830
Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes, 1830
dentex maroccanus
Dentex maroccanus
Bovidae
Bison
american bison
http://langual.org
ITIS:180706
MSW3:14200669
http://eol.org/pages/328109
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4154
American bison
Bison
Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bison bison Linnaeus, 1758
american buffalo
bison bison
Bison bison
european bison
http://langual.org
ITIS:183836
MSW3:14200670
http://eol.org/pages/328110
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4155
European bison
bison
wisent
Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bison bonasus Linnaeus, 1758
bison bonasus
wisent
Bison bonasus
oxen, cattle
Bos
*Glebionis coronaria*, formerly called *Chrysanthemum coronarium*, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. *Glebionis coronaria* is used as a leaf vegetable. English language common names include garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum greens, edible chrysanthemum, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, chop suey green, crown daisy, and Japanese-green. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glebionis_coronaria]
garland chrysanthemum plant
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8628
GRIN:417417
ITIS:35796
ITIS:780351
PLANTS:GLCO6
http://eol.org/pages/469139
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1740
Garland chrysanthemum
crown daisy
Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach
Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev
Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev
chrysanthemum coronarium
chrysanthemum, garland
crown daisy
glebionis coronarium
japanese-green
kor tongho
shungiku
Glebionis coronaria
Cattle (colloquially cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily *Bovinae*, are the most widespread species of the genus *Bos*, and are most commonly classified collectively as *Bos taurus*... with three subspecies: *Bos taurus primigenius, Bos taurus indicus, Bos taurus taurus*.
cattle
ITIS:183838
MSW3:14200687
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758
bovine
cattle
cow
dairy cow
domestic cattle
domestic cow
Bos taurus
http://langual.org
ITIS:180715
MSW3:14200776
http://eol.org/pages/328660
domestic goat
goat
goats
Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758
capra hircus
Capra hircus
natal orange plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:35855
ITIS:505393
PLANTS:STSP8
http://eol.org/pages/482140
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2787
Strychnos spinosa Lam.
brehmia spinosa
elephant orange
kaffir orange
monkey ball
strychnos laxa
strychnos spinosa
Strychnos spinosa
monterey spanish mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:978
FAO ASFIS:MOS
ITIS:172438
http://eol.org/pages/205202
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3977
Monterey Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus concolor
Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)
scomberomorus concolor
Scomberomorus concolor
indo-pacific king mackerel
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:979
FAO ASFIS:GUT
ITIS:172442
http://eol.org/pages/205203
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3978
Indo-Pacific king mackerel
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
scomberomorus guttatus
Scomberomorus guttatus
atlantic spanish mackerel
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:982
FAO ASFIS:SSM
ITIS:172436
http://eol.org/pages/2804347
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1571
Spanish mackerel
Spanish mackerel
scomberomorus maculatus
seer
Scomberomorus maculatus
Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
Scomberomorus maculatus
cero
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:988
FAO ASFIS:CER
ITIS:172437
http://eol.org/pages/205208
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3986
cero
Scomberomorus regalis
Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793)
scomberomorus regalis
Scomberomorus regalis
pacific sierra
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SIE
FDA RFE 2010:62
ITIS:172440
http://eol.org/pages/222540
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1793
Pacific sierra
Scomberomorus sierra
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks in Jordan, 1895
scomberomorus sierra
sierra, pacific
Scomberomorus sierra
The mouflon (*Ovis aries orientalis* group) is a subspecies group of the wild sheep *Ovis aries*. Populations of *Ovis aries* can be partitioned into the mouflons (*orientalis* group) and urials or arkars (*vignei* group). The mouflon is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds.
mouflon
WIKIPEDIA:Ovis_aries_orientalis
http://langual.org
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Muffelwild12.4.2008_007.jpg/640px-Muffelwild12.4.2008_007.jpg
ITIS:552475
MSW3:14200833
http://eol.org/pages/311906
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4361
mouflon
Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758
Ovis aries orientalis Gmelin, 1774
moufflon
ovis aries orientalis
Ovis aries musimon
Tragelaphus
greater kudu
http://langual.org
ITIS:625134
MSW3:14200746
http://eol.org/pages/1038792
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4379
greater kudu
Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766)
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas, 1766
tragelaphus strepsiceros
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
lesser kudu
http://langual.org
ITIS:625131
MSW3:14200730
http://eol.org/pages/1038789
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4378
lesser kudu
Tragelaphus imberbis (Blyth, 1869)
Tragelaphus imberbis Blyth, 1869
tragelaphus imberbis
Tragelaphus imberbis
cape spiny lobster
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1248
FAO ASFIS:LBC
ITIS:552953
http://eol.org/pages/317431
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2166
South African cape rock lobster
South African spiny lobster
west coast rock lobster
Jasus lalandii
Jasus lalandii (H. Milne Edwards 1837)
Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards 1837)
cape rock lobster
jasus lalandii
panulirus lalandii
Jasus lalandii
Caprinae
The African buffalo, affalo, nyati, mbogo or Cape buffalo (*Syncerus caffer*), is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild Asian water buffalo, but its ancestry remains unclear. Owing to its unpredictable nature, which makes it highly dangerous to humans, it has not been domesticated unlike its Asian counterpart the domestic Asian water buffalo.
african buffalo
WIKIPEDIA:Syncerus_caffer
http://langual.org
ITIS:183847
MSW3:14200707
http://eol.org/pages/328707
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4156
African buffalo
Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779)
Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779
cape buffalo
syncerus caffer
Syncerus caffer
western australian gizzard shad
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:161808
http://eol.org/pages/204185
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2324
Western Australian gizzard shad
Nematalosa vlaminghi
Nematalosa vlaminghi (Munro, 1956)
bony bream
fluvialosa vlaminghi
nematalosa vlaminghi
perth herring
western australia river gizzard shad
Nematalosa vlaminghi
hares
Lepus
european hare
http://langual.org
ITIS:552501
http://eol.org/pages/118009
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4161
European hare
Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778
brown hare
lepus europaeus
Lepus europaeus
rodent
Rodentia
woodchuck
http://langual.org
ITIS:180137
http://eol.org/pages/327979
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1576
groundhog
woodchuck
woodchucks
Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)
groundhog
marmota monax
Marmota monax
Mammea africana is a tree that occurs from Senegal east to western Uganda, and south to DR Congo and northern Angola, and is used for wood and fruit products.
mammea africana tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:311301
ITIS:506122
PLANTS:MAAF2
http://eol.org/pages/483625
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2810
african mammee-apple tree
african mammyapple tree
mammea africana
Mammea africana Sabine
Mammea africana
species
species
Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation
Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation
ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov
Body Fat Percentage
Body Fat Percentage
Follow-Up
Follow-Up
Sampling
Sampling
Adherence
Adherence
Control Type
Control Type
Random Sampling
Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Study Name
Study Name
Stratified Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
Judgment Sampling
Judgment Sampling
Multi-Stage Sampling
Multi-Stage Sampling
Drink
Drink
Study Objective Description
Study Objective Description
Study Protocol Version Acronym
Study Protocol Version Acronym
Clinical Trial Registry Identifier
Clinical Trial Registry Identifier
data collection
data collection
randomization sampling design
randomization sampling design
data matrix
data matrix
data collection from literature
data collection from literature
transformed data item
transformed data item
form filling
form filling
filled patient questionnaire
filled patient questionnaire
patient questionnaire
patient questionnaire
smoking end date
smoking end date
planned process
planned process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some
objectives is a planned process.
Bjoern Peters
branch derived
6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
planned process
biological feature identification objective
Biological_feature_identification_objective is an objective role carried out by the proposition defining the aim of a study designed to examine or characterize a particular biological feature.
Jennifer Fostel
biological feature identification objective
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
processed material
chromatography device
A device that facilitates the separation of mixtures. The function of a chromatography device involves passing a mixture dissolved in a ""mobile phase"" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated.
Frank Gibson
chromatography instrument
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography
open tracker https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2881353&group_id=177891&atid=886178
chromatography device
mass spectrometer
LCQ Fleet Ion Trap MSn manufactured by thermo fisher scientific
A mass spectrometer is an instrument which is used to measure the mass to charge ratio of ions. All mass spectrometers consist of three basic parts: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector system. The stages within the mass spectrometer are: 1. Production of ions from the sample 2. Separation of ions with different masses 3. Detection of the number of ions of each mass produced 4.Collection of data to generate the mass spectrum
Frank Gibson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry
mass spectrometer
investigation
Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation
a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s).
Bjoern Peters
OBI branch derived
Could add specific objective specification
Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding "achieves objective of drawing conclusion" as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core
editor = PRS
study
investigation
evaluant role
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
evaluant role
assay
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
measuring
scientific observation
OBI branch derived
study assay
any method
assay
sample preparation for assay
A sample_preparation_for_assay is a protocol_application including material_enrollments and biomaterial_transformations. definition_source: OBI.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
study
OBI branch derived
sample preparation for assay
diagnosis textual entity
diagnosis is an assessment of a disease or injury, its likely prognosis and treatment.
Jennifer Fostel
diagnosis textual entity
culture medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a substance in which microorganisms or cells can grow. Wikipedia, growth medium, Feb 29, 2008
a processed material that provides the needed nourishment for microorganisms or cells grown in vitro.
changed from a role to a processed material based on on Aug 22, 2011 dev call. Details see the tracker item: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3325270&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Modification made by JZ.
Person: Jennifer Fostel, Jie Zheng
OBI
culture medium
reagent role
Buffer, dye, a catalyst, a solvating agent.
A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer.
PERSON:Matthew Brush
reagent
PERSON:Matthew Brush
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
May 28 2013. Updated definition taken from ReO based on discussions initiated in Philly 2011 workshop. Former defnition described a narrower view of reagents in chemistry that restricts bearers of the role to be chemical entities ("a role played by a molecular entity used to produce a chemical reaction to detect, measure, or produce other substances"). Updated definition allows for broader view of reagents in the domain of biomedical research to include larger materials that have parts that participate chemically in a molecular reaction or interaction.
(copied from ReO)
Reagents are distinguished from instruments or devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in or have parts that participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during their intended participation in some technique. By contrast, instruments do not participate in a chemical reaction/interaction during the technique.
Reagents are distinguished from study subjects/evaluants in that study subjects and evaluants are that about which conclusions are drawn and knowledge is sought in an investigation - while reagents, by definition, are not. It should be noted, however, that reagent and study subject/evaluant roles can be borne by instances of the same type of material entity - but a given instance will realize only one of these roles in the execution of a given assay or technique. For example, taq polymerase can bear a reagent role or an evaluant role. In a DNA sequencing assay aimed at generating sequence data about some plasmid, the reagent role of the taq polymerase is realized. In an assay to evaluate the quality of the taq polymerase itself, the evaluant/study subject role of the taq is realized, but not the reagent role since the taq is the subject about which data is generated.
In regard to the statement that reagents are 'distinct' from the specified outputs of a technique, note that a reagent may be incorporated into a material output of a technique, as long as the IDENTITY of this output is distinct from that of the bearer of the reagent role. For example, dNTPs input into a PCR are reagents that become part of the material output of this technique, but this output has a new identity (ie that of a 'nucleic acid molecule') that is distinct from the identity of the dNTPs that comprise it. Similarly, a biotin molecule input into a cell labeling technique are reagents that become part of the specified output, but the identity of the output is that of some modified cell specimen which shares identity with the input unmodified cell specimen, and not with the biotin label. Thus, we see that an important criteria of 'reagent-ness' is that it is a facilitator, and not the primary focus of an investigation or material processing technique (ie not the specified subject/evaluant about which knowledge is sought, or the specified output material of the technique).
reagent role
patient role
a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778
a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider
GROUP:Role Branch
patient
OBI, CDISC
CDISC definition: patient. Person under a physician's care for a particular disease or condition. NOTE: A subject in a clinical trial is not necessarily a patient, but a patient in a clinical trial is a subject. See also subject, trial subject, healthy volunteer. Often used interchangeably
patient role
material processing
A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer.
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra
material transformation
OBI branch derived
material processing
protocol testing objective
Protocol_testing_objective is a methodology_testing_objective role describing a study designed to examine the effects of using different protocols.
Jennifer Fostel
protocol testing objective
study subject role
Human subjects in a clinical trial, rats in a toxicogenomics study, tissue cutlures subjected to drug tests, fish observed in an ecotoxicology study.
Parasite example: people are infected with a parasite which is then extracted; the particpant under investigation could be the parasite, the people, or a population of which the people are members, depending on the nature of the study.
Lake example: a lake could realize this role in an investigation that assays pollution levels in samples of water taken from the lake.
A role that is realized through the execution of a study design in which the bearer of the role participates and in which data about that bearer is collected.
A participant can realize both "specimen role" and "participant under investigation role" at the same time. However "participant under investigation role" is distinct from "specimen role", since a specimen could somehow be involved in an investigation without being the thing that is under investigation.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Following OBI call November 2012,26th:
1. it was decided there was no need for moving the children class and making them siblings of study subject role.
2. it also settles the disambiguation about 'study subject'. This is about the individual participating in the investigation/study, Not the 'topic' (as in 'toxicity study') of the investigation/study
This note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core
editor = PRS
participant under investigation role
responsible party role
he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm
a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study
Person: Jennifer Fostel
responsible party
OBI
responsible party role
principal investigator role
a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study
Person: Jennifer Fostel
principal investigator
CDISC definition: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator. 2. The individual principal investigator. 2. The individual under whose immediate direction the test article is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, a subject, or, in the event of an investigation conducted by a team of individuals, is See also sponsor-investigator.; Leiter der klinischen Prufung.Under the German Drug Law, the physician who is head of the clinical investigation (CDISC): coordinating investigator (CDISC) (also study coordinator, MUSC); sponsor-investigator. An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject.NOTE: The term does not include any person other than an individual, hence not a corporation, agency (CDISC)
principal investigator role
specimen role
liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient.
a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen.
something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen.
parasite example
- when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen
- when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study
specimen can later be subject.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
specimen role
intervention design
PMID: 18208636.Br J Nutr. 2008 Jan 22;:1-11.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone and vitamin D status among Pakistani immigrants in Denmark: a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled intervention study.
An intervention design is a study design in which a controlled process applied to the subjects (the intervention) serves as the independent variable manipulated by the experimentalist. The treatment (perturbation or intervention) defined can be defined as a combination of values taken by independent variable manipulated by the experimentalists are applied to the recruited subjects assigned (possibly by applying specific methods) to treatment groups. The specificity of intervention design is the fact that independent variables are being manipulated and a response of the biological system is evaluated via response variables as monitored by possibly a series of assays.
Philppe Rocca-Serra
OBI branch derived
intervention design
baseline participant role
Subject at time = 0; subject before a stress test.
a reference participant role which is realized by making the reference to qualities at the start of the study or intervention
Person: Jennifer Fostel
baseline participant
baseline participant role
filter paper
A device manufacture with the intent to provide a porous unsized paper used for filtering.
Frank Gibson
sep:00107
filter paper
crossover population role
a role realized when a participant serves as reference to itself
Person: Jennifer Fostel
crossover population
crossover population role
study group role
The group of randomized participants that are assigned to a treatment arm of the trial
a study population role where the bearer is a population of material entities and the role is realized in the implementation of a study design wherein the entities bearing the study population role are observed or subjected to intervention according to the study design and are biological replicates, i.e. they receive the same treatment under the protocol
Jennifer Fostel
study group population
study group role
population
PMID12564891. Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jan 15;37(2):223-8. Effects of historic PCB exposures on the reproductive success of the Hudson River striped bass population.
a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area
1/28/2013, BP, on the call it was raised that we may want to switch to an external ontology for all populatin terms:
http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from Oxford English Dictionnary
rem1: collection somehow always involve a selection process
population
biological replicate role
A member of a dose-time group; a patient in a given arm of a trial
a reference participant role realized by equivalent treatment of participants
Person:Jennifer Fostel
biological replicate
OBI
biological replicate role
investigation agent role
The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen.
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
GROUP: Role Branch
investigator
OBI
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
study person role
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
investigation agent role
methodology testing objective
Methodology_testing_objective is an objective role carried out by a proposition defining the aim of the study is to examine the effect of using different methodologies.
Jennifer Fostel
methodology testing objective
reference subject role
Saline treated rat; one of three identically-treated subjects
a reference subject role which inheres in an organism or entity of organismal origin so that the characteristics or responses of the participant playing the reference participant role are used for comparison or reference
Jennifer Fostel
reference participant
OBI
reference subject role
organization
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based:
1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch
editor), with individual persons as bearers
2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder)
3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles
there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the
charter/rules/bylaws themselves.
It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent
continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the
bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define
organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to
all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI.
Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place
organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation,
Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO,
W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles.
This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 -
3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its
current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to
'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue
for now.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
PERSON: Susanna Sansone
GROUP: OBI
organization
technical replicate role
Aliquots of a tissue subjected to parallel assays
technical replicate role is realized when two portions from one evaluant are used in replicate runs of an assay
Person: Jennifer Fostel
technical replicate
technical replicate role
cohort role
In statistics and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects - most often humans from a given population - defined by experiencing an event (typically birth) in a particular time span. Wikipedia "cohort", Feb 29 2008
a cohort role is a biological replicate role played by a group of study participants who share a common characteristic of interest to the study.
Jennifer Fostel
WEB:http://www.sceoc.com/glossaryofterms/ # a group of individuals having a statistical factor (as age or class membership) in common in a demographic study, such as a cohort of students.
WEB:http://www.thebody.org/content/treat/art2612.html # a group of individuals in a study who share a demographic, clinical, or other statistical characteristic (eg, age, study site).
WEB:http://www.uhhospitals.org/tabid/591/Default.aspx # A cohort is a group of people with a common characteristic that is studied over a period of time as part of a scientific or medical investigation.
cohort role
plan
The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS
branch derived
plan
protocol
PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR.
A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29)
study protocol
protocol
adding a material entity into a target
Injecting a drug into a mouse. Adding IL-2 to a cell culture. Adding NaCl into water.
is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'.
Class was renamed from 'administering substance', as this is commonly used only for additions into organisms.
BP
branch derived
adding a material entity into a target
analyte role
Glucose in blood (measured in an assay to determine the concentration of glucose).
A measurand role borne by a molecular entity or an atom and realized in an analyte assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the analyte in the entity bearing evaluant role.
interestingly, an analyte is still an analyte even if it is not detected. for this reason it does not bear a specified input role
pH (technically the inverse log of [H+]) may be considered a quality; this remains to be tested.
qualities such as weight, color are not assayed but measured, so they do not fall into this category.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
analyte role
material to be added role
drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal;
material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process
Role Branch
OBI
9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch
material to be added role
interpreting data
Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene.
A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
Bjoern Peters
drawing a conclusion based on data
planning
The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software.
a process of creating or modifying a plan specification
7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
Plans and Planned Processes Branch
planning
mass analyzer
The mass analyzer of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation
A Mass analyzer is a device that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. All mass spectrometers are based on dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields in vacuum where the two laws of Lorentz force law and Newton's second law of motion apply.
Frank Gibson
PERSON: Daniel Schober
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Mass_analyzer
mass analyzer
ion source
The ion source of a Voyager-DE??? STR Biospectrometry Workstation
An ion source is a device that is part of a mass spectrometer that ionizes the material under analysis. The ions are then transported by magnetic or electric fields to the mass analyzer. Techniques for ionization have been key to determining what types of samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Electron ionization and chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors. In chemical ionization sources, the material is ionized by chemical ion-molecule reactions during collisions in the source. Two techniques often used with liquid and solid biological samples include electrospray ionization (due to John Fenn PMID 2675315.) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI, due to M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp (Measuring Mass: From Positive Rays to Proteins by Michael A. Grayson (Editor) (ISBN 0-941901-31-9))).
Frank Gibson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Ion_source
ion source
ion detector
The ion detector of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation
An ion detector is a device that measures and records the charge induced or current produced when an ion passes by or hits a surface. Example: In a scanning instrument the signal produced in the detector during the course of the scan versus where the instrument is in the scan (at what m/Q) will produce a mass spectrum, a record of ions as a function of m/Q.
Frank Gibson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Detector
ion detector
contain function
A syringe, a beaker
A contain function is a function to constrain a material entities location in space
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
contain function
heat function
A heat function is a function that increases the internal kinetic energy of a material
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
heat function
material separation function
A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality.
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
material separation function
filter function
A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through
Frank Gibson
filter function
ionization function
The ion source in amass spectrometer
An ionization function is a function to physically convert an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions.
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization
ionization function
cool function
A cool function is a function to decrease the internal kinetic energy of a material below the initial kinetic energy of that type of material.
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
cool function
environment control function
An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature.
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
environment control function
measuring glucose concentration in blood serum assay
Measuring glucose concentration in blood from a mouse. See Figure 2 of the 2016 OBI paper, PMID: 27128319.
An assay that determines the concentration of glucose molecules in a blood serum sample
Bjoern Peters
OBI
measuring glucose concentration in blood serum assay
extract
Up-regulation of inflammatory signalings by areca nut extract and role of cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G>a polymorphism reveal risk of oral cancer. Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;68(20):8489-98. PMID: 18922923
an extract is a material entity which results from an extraction process
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
extracted material
GROUP: OBI Biomatrial Branch
extract
adding material objective
creating a mouse infected with LCM virus
is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity
BP
adding material objective
analyte measurement objective
The objective to measure the concentration of glucose in a blood sample
an assay objective to determine the presence or concentration of an analyte in the evaluant
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PPPB branch
analyte measurement objective
assay objective
the objective to determine the weight of a mouse.
an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
PPPB branch
PPPB branch
assay objective
analyte assay
example of usage: In lab test for blood glucose, the test is the assay, the blood bears evaluant_role and glucose bears the analyte role. The evaluant is considered an input to the assay and the information entity that records the measurement of glucose concentration the output
An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration, or amount of an analyte in an evaluant.
Alan Ruttenberg
Bjoern Peters
Helen Parkinson
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Alan Ruttenberg
Bjoern Peters
Helen Parkinson
OBI Planned process branch
Philippe Rocca-Serra
analyte assay
target of material addition role
peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application.
target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process
From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
target of material addition role
normalized data set
A data set that is produced as the output of a normalization data transformation.
PERSON: James Malone
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
normalized data set
measure function
A glucometer measures blood glucose concentration, the glucometer has a measure function.
Measure function is a function that is borne by a processed material and realized in a process in which information about some entity is expressed relative to some reference.
PERSON: Daniel Schober
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON:Frank Gibson
measure function
material transformation objective
The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS.
an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
artifact creation objective
GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
material transformation objective
study design execution
injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design.
a planned process that carries out a study design
removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired.
branch derived
6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation.
study design execution
clinical chemistry assay
Influence of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.4) administration on hematology and clinical chemistry parameters.
An analyte assay which uses analytical methods to produce measurements and data on the concentration of chemical parameters (analytes) present in a bodily fluid collected from an organism.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
chemical pathology
detection of analyte in blood sample
url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_chemistry
clinical chemistry assay
scattered molecular aggregate
the sodium and chloride ions in a glass of salt water
a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Collective
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
scattered molecular aggregate
hematology assay
Co-associations between insulin sensitivity and measures of liver function, subclinical inflammation, and hematology._PMID:18702943
An assay that studies blood and blood producing organs using a variety of techniques and instruments
Philippe Rocca-Serra
blood analysis
haematology
OBI branch derived
hematology assay
material separation objective
The objective to obtain multiple aliquots of an enzyme preparation. The objective to obtain cells contained in a sample of blood.
is an objective to transform a material entity into spatially separated components.
PPPB branch
PPPB branch
material separation objective
urine specimen
a portion of urine collected from an organism
4/10/2011BP: It seems to me that the editor notes refer to a previous version, and are no longer relevant.
This could be instead a kind of collection of secreted stuff. Among secreted stuff there is passive, and active. urine is secreted, passiv. lavage is secreted, active
are we happy calling collection of urine a material separation?
urine specimen
material combination
Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS.
is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.
created at workshop as parent class for 'adding material into target', which is asymmetric, while combination encompasses all addition processes.
bp
bp
material combination
blood specimen
blood drawn from a human for glucose assay
a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
blood specimen
specimen collection process
drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role.
Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process.
label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker:
http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/
Bjoern Peters
specimen collection
5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession
6/9/09: used at workshop
specimen collection process
sample from organism
a material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole
5/29: This is a helper class for now
we need to work on this: Is taking a urine sample a material separation process? If not, we will need to specify what 'taking a sample from organism' entails. We can argue that the objective to obtain a urine sample from a patient is enough to call it a material separation process, but it could dilute what material separation was supposed to be about.
sample from organism
portioning objective
The objective to obtain multiple aliquots of an enzyme preparation.
A material separation objective aiming to separate material into multiple portions, each of which contains a similar composition of the input material.
portioning objective
separation into different composition objective
The objective to obtain cells contained in a sample of blood.
A material separation objective aiming to separate a material entity that has parts of different types, and end with at least one output that is a material with parts of fewer types (modulo impurities).
We should be using has the grain relations or concentrations to distinguish the portioning and other sub-objectives
separation into different composition objective
specimen collection objective
The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient.
A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
specimen collection objective
material combination objective
is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials.
PPPB branch
bp
material combination objective
glucose tolerance test
PMID: 19527607
An assay that measures glucose clearance from blood over time by repeated glucose measurement in blood serum or plasma after the administration of a glucose bolus in-vivo. This assay can be used to evaluate the severity of insulin resistance or the efficiency of glucose clearance.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
NuGO OBI plan branch
glucose tolerance test
host role
In biology, a host is an organism that harbors a virus or parasite, or a mutual or commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology) 30 March 09
host role is a role played by an organism and realized by providing nourishment, shelter or a means of reproduction to another organism within the organism playing the host role
30Mar09 virus reproducing inside a cell; bacteria causing a disease, host can be harmed or not. we want to avoid a cat sitting on my lap and an animal care technician; these are not examples or hosts; dental cares = on tooth, but part of outer layer of tooth, so covered by "within" in the definition
GROUP: Role Branch
30 Mar09 submitted by vaccine community
OBI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology)
host role
material sample role
a role borne by a portion of blood taken to represent all the blood in an organism; the role borne by a population of humans with HIV enrolled in a study taken to represent patients with HIV in general.
A material sample role is a specimen role borne by a material entity that is the output of a material sampling process.
7/13/09: Note that this is a relational role: between the sample taken and the 'sampled' material of which the sample is thought to be representative off.
material sample role
material sample
blood drawn from patient to measure his systemic glucose level. A population of humans with HIV enrolled in a study taken to represent patients with HIV in general.
A material entity that has the material sample role
OBI: workshop
sample population
sample
material sample
independent variable specification
In a study in which gene expression is measured in patients between 8 month to 4 years old that have mild or severe malaria and in which the hypothesis is that gene expression in that age group is a function of disease status, disease status is the independent variable.
a directive information entity that is part of a study design. Independent variables are entities whose values are selected to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled
2/2/2009 Original definition - In the design of experiments, independent variables are those whose values are controlled or selected by the person experimenting (experimenter) to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled.
In the Philly 2013 workshop the label was chosen to distinguish it from "dependent variable" as used in statistical modelling. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_modeling
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
experimental factor
independent variable
Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables
2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify thisdefinition please notify OBI.
study factor
study design independent variable
material maintenance objective
An objective specification maintains some or all of the qualities of a material over time.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
material maintenance objective
informed consent process
A planned process in which a person or their legal representative is informed about key facts about potential risks and benefits of a process and makes a documented decision as to whether the person in question will participate.
09/28/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: This is made a subclass of the higher level processual entity in BFO because I don't want to take a stand on whether it is a process aggregate. Analogous to the situation with Material entity.
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/info/glossary#informed
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
informed consent process
to be treated with active ingredient role
Role of a patient in a group treated with an active substance in a clinical trial
A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive active ingredient, and is realized in a study execution in which they receive the active ingredient
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
to be treated with active ingredient role
to be treated with placebo role
A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive a placebo, and realized in a study execution in which they receive the placebo
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
to be treated with placebo role
research organization
The SALK institute is a research organization.
An organization formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations
Person:Bjoern Peters
research organization
measurement device
A ruler, a microarray scanner, a Geiger counter.
A device in which a measure function inheres.
GROUP:OBI Philly workshop
OBI
measurement device
material maintenance
a process with that achieves the objective to maintain some or all of the characteristics of an input material over time
material maintenance
study intervention
the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
GROUP: OBI
study intervention
material separation device
flow cytometer
A device with a separation function realized in a planed process
material separation device
service consumer role
A biologist who uses a sequencing services fulfills the role of a service consumer
a role which inheres in a person who uses a service
Person:Helen Parkinson
OBI
service consumer role
service provider role
Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer.
is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person
PERSON:Helen Parkinson
service provider role
compound treatment design
an intervention design in which the treatment is the administration of a compound
This is meant to include all kinds of material administrations, including vaccinations, chemical compounds etc.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
MO_555 compound_treatment_design
compound treatment design
processed specimen
A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study.
A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells.
A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study.
processed specimen
container
A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time
03/21/2010: Added to allow classification of children (similar to what we want to do for 'measurement device'. Lookint at what classifies here, we may want to reconsider a contain function assigned to a part of an entity is necessarily also a function of the whole (e.g. is a centrifuge a container because it has test tubes as parts?)
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
container
device
A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function.
An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure.
A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent.
2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform.
2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example:
(1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part.
(2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay.
(3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel.
In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay.
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
instrument
OBI development call 2012-12-17.
device
dose specification
a protocol specifying to administer 1 ml of vaccine to a mouse
a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target
dose specification
sequence data
example of usage: the representation of a nucleotide sequence in FASTA format used for a sequence similarity search.
A measurement datum that representing the primary structure of a macromolecule(it's sequence) sometimes associated with an indicator of confidence of that measurement.
Person:Chris Stoeckert
GROUP: OBI
sequence data
dose
An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine
A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses.
dose
performing a diagnosis
Diagnosing that a patient has pneumonia based on information on measurements of temperature, sound of breathing, and patient complaining about a headache.
The interpretation of the information available about bodily features (clinical picture) of a patient resulting in a diagnosis
performing a diagnosis
administration of material to specimen
Staining cells in a tissue slice with a dye.
The directed combination of a material entity with a specimen.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
administration of material to specimen
questionnaire
A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.
JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document.
JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not.
Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is))
PERSON: Jessica Turner
Merriam-Webster
questionnaire
nucleic acid extract
An extract that is the output of an extraction process in which nucleic acid molecules are isolated from a specimen.
PERSON: Jie Zheng
UPenn Group
nucleic acid extract
environmental control device
A growth chamber is an environmental control device.
An environmental control device is a device which has the function to control some aspect of the environment such as temperature, or humidity.
Helen Parkinson
OBI
environmental control device
nucleic acid sequencer
An device that is used to determine the order of nucleotides in nucleic acid sequences.
PERSON: Erik Segerdell
PERSON: Erik Segerdell
nucleic acid sequencer
protein sequencer
An device that is used to determine the order of amino acids in protein sequences.
PERSON: Erik Segerdell
PERSON: Erik Segerdell
protein sequencer
service
providing a training course for UCSD employees how to run a DNA sequencer; sequencing a DNA sample provided by a service consumer restricted to non-human samples; giving access to tissue samples in a biobank within OHSU; JAX shipping mice from their colony
A planned process in which a service provider performs a task (i.e. a planned process) for a service consumer.
Carlo; Matt
OBI workshop San Diego 2011
service
quality control testing design
A study design in which some aspects of the experiment is quality controlled for the purposes of quality assurance.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
MO_981 quality_control_testing_design
quality control testing design
dose response design
A study design that examines the relationship between the size of the administered dose and the extent of the response.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
MO_485 dose_response_design
dose response design
specimen from organism
A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm).
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
tissue specimen
MO_954 organism_part
specimen from organism
material maintenance service
model organism colony maintanance
A material processing service in which a service provider makes physical modifications to a specified input material, such that at least one of the specified outputs of this process is a modified version of a specified input material.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Matthew Brush
Here we need to go back to the defintoin of storage process. It has object specification which is material maintenance. Not necessareley a material maintenance is needed in a storage process.
material maintenance service
material service
A service performing DNA sequencing, a service preforming cell analysis. A service performing cell line immortalization
A service which has a material entity as specified input and/or specified output.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
material service
material analysis service
Services performing DNA sequencing or Cell Analysis
A service in which a service consumer provides some input material and a service provider performs some analysis of this material to generate data that is returned to the service consumer.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Matthew Brush
material analysis service
material storage service
A service that offers liquid nitrogen stroage.
A storage service in which a service consumer provides some material as input which a service provider stores and returns as output.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Matthew Brush
material storage service
investigation description
A textual entity that describes an investigation.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
study description
project description
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation description
specimen identifier
A CRID symbol denotes a specimen and used to distinguish one specimen from another in an investigation.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
specimen ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen identifier
1
PubMed ID
A CRID symbol that is sufficient to look up a citation from the PubMed, a literature database of life sciences and biomedical information.
Edits was made on Aug 24, 2016 based on OBI dev call, details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/819/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
PMID
PubMed Identifier
Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PMID
Publication Citation
NIAID GSCID-BRC
PubMed ID
investigation title
A textual entity that denotes an investigation.
Person:Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
study title
project title
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation title
Bioinformatics Resource Center
An organization that is one of the Internet-based research centers established and funded by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases). The Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) were formed in response to the threats posed by emerging and re-emerging pathogens, particularly CDC Category A, B, and C pathogens, and their potential use in bioterrorism. The intention of NIAID in funding these bioinformatics centers is to assist researchers involved in the experimental characterization of such pathogens and the formation of drugs, vaccines, or diagnostic tools to combat them.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
BRC
Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Resource_Centers
NIAID GSCID-BRC
Bioinformatics Resource Center
country name
A textual entity that denotes a geographic location that is a site or part of a site that is identified as a country in the political geography.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country
Specimen Collection Location - Country
NIAID GSCID-BRC
country name
investigation identifier
A CRID symbol used to identify an investigation.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zhneg
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
project ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation identifier
grant identifier
A CRID symbol used to identify a grant.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
grant ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
grant identifier
analytical chromatography
analytical chromatography
grant
A plan specification of organization A to give money to organization B so that B conducts investigations. Organization A has funder role and Organization B has research organization role.
Discussed on Feb 13, 2012 dev call. Details see the tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3483338&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Group: OBI
OBI
AR: Grant isn't a plan specification, it has a part which is a plan specification. See tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3483338&group_id=177891&atid=886178
grant
contact representative role
A role inhering in a person who represents an institution, organization, or service provider and realized when communication is directed at them about the entity they represent.
Discussed on May 7, 2012 dev call
propose:contact role, type of organization role, and create shortcut relation between 'organization role' and 'organization' ?
Whether it works for communicating author in manuscript or not?
Tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3512891&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Person: Chris Stoeckert
NIAID GSCID-BRC
contact representative role
selection criterion
rats should be aged between 6 and 8 weeks and weight between 180-250grams
A directive information entity which defines and states a principle of standard by which selection process may take place.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
selection rule
OBI discussion summarized under the following tracker item : http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/678/
selection criterion
specimen collector role
An Investigation agent role borne by a person or organization which
is realized in a specimen collection process.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
Penn Group
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen collector role
drawing a conclusion
Concluding that the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the square root of the sum of squares of the other two sides in a right-triangle.
Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting.
A planned process in which new information is inferred from existing information.
drawing a conclusion
organization of specimen provider principal investigator
An organization that is the affiliation of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Provider PI's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of specimen provider principal investigator
organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
An organization that is the affiliation of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
A person who is the contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
specimen-based scope of investigation specification
Some examples of specimen scope are Monoisolate, Multiisolate, Multi-species, Environment, or Synthetic.
A plan specification which specifies the scope of an investigation based on the heterogeneity of organisms or type of material that are the specified input of specimen collection.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Scope
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen-based scope of investigation specification
specimen repository organization
An organization that provides a service to store and distribute specimens
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Repository
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen repository organization
email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
An email address of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
sequencing facility contact person
A person who is the contact representative at the sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility Contact Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sequencing facility contact person
specimen provider principal investigator
A person who is a principal investigator and provides the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Provider Principal Investigator (PI) Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen provider principal investigator
email address of specimen collector
An email address of the person collecting the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Collector's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of specimen collector
sequencing facility organization
An organization that provides sequence determination service
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sequencing facility organization
organization of specimen collector
An organization that is the affiliation of the person collecting the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Collector's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of specimen collector
email address of sequencing facility contact person
An email address of the contact representative at the sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility Contact's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of sequencing facility contact person
specimen collector
A person who collects the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Collector Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen collector
investigation assay specification
Some examples of Project Method are Sequence, Array, Mass Spectrometry
A plan specification which indicates the assay type used to obtain data.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Project Method
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation assay specification
organization of sequencing facility contact person
An organization that is the affiliation of the contact representative at the sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility Contact's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of sequencing facility contact person
comment on investigation
A textual entity that is about any of the aspects of an investigation worth noting
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Comments
NIAID GSCID-BRC
comment on investigation
specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository
A specimen identifier which is assigned by a specimen repository
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Repository Sample ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository
specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility
A specimen identifier which is assigned by a sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample ID - Sequencing Facility
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility
sample preparation for sequencing assay
A sample preparation for assay that preparation of nucleic acids for a sequencing assay
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Nucleic Acid Preparation Method
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sample preparation for sequencing assay
email address of specimen provider principal investigator
An email address of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Provider PI's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of specimen provider principal investigator
sequencing service
A service provides sequencing service which is the realization of some sequencing such as RNA and DNA sequencing in which the service provider role is realized.
Person: Jie Zheng
Adpated from 'DNA sequencing service'
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sequencing service
testable hypothesis
that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
An information content entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested.
In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "hypothesis textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate.
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
hypothesis
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
testable hypothesis
conclusion based on data
The conclusion that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. The conclusion that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. The conclusion that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting.
The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime".
An information content entity that is inferred from data.
In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate.
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
conclusion based on data
cell freezing medium
A processed material that serves as a liquid vehicle for freezing cells for long term quiescent stroage, which contains chemicls needed to sustain cell viability across freeze-thaw cycles.
PERSON: Matthew Brush
cell freezing medium
selection
PMID: 24023800. In this study, a set of eleven genes (VATP16, 60 S, UQCC, SMD3, EF1α, UBQ, SAND, GAPDH, ACT, PsaB, PTB2) was evaluated to identify reference genes during the first hours of interaction (6, 12, 18 and 24 hpi) between two V. vinifera genotypes and P. viticola. Two analyses were used for the selection of reference genes: direct comparison of susceptible, Trincadeira, and resistant, Regent, V. vinifera cultivars at 0 h, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post inoculation with P. viticola (genotype effect); and comparison of each genotype with mock inoculated samples during inoculation time-course (biotic stress effect). Three statistical methods were used, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, allowing to identify UBQ, EF1α and GAPDH as the most stable genes for the genotype effect.
A planned process which results in the creation of group of entity from a larger group by the application of predefined criteria.
this term refers to a planned process and therefore is distinct from the notion of 'natural selection', a process covering the operation of natural causes by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to the environment tend to be preserved and to transmit their characters, while those less adapted die out, so that in the course of generations the degree of adaptation to the environment tends progressively to increase. (as defined by Oxford English Dictionary)
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
selection process
OBI
selection
1
1
scalar value specification
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
scalar value specification
comparing prediction to measurement
A planned process in which predicted values for some thing are compared to measured values for that thing.
comparing prediction to measurement
value specification
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
value specification
predicted value
an information content entity that has been generated by a prediction process in which an estimate of a value of an entity is made which can be measured but without performing such a measurement. The value specification is intended to be close to the value a measurement process would produce modulo a prediction error.
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
predicted value
grant agency
An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations.
PERSON: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
funding organization
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
NIAID GSCID-BRC
grant agency
'funding organization'
http://vivoweb.org/ontology/core#FundingOrganization
collection of specimens
Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study.
A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
OBIB, OBI
Biobank
collection of specimens
specimen set collection process
Collection of both blood and urine specimens in one clinical visit; Taking out liver and brain specimens during an autopsy.
A specimen collection process that generates multiple specimens from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time.
Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
OBIB, OBI
specimen set collection process
specimens collected in one encounter
Both blood and urine specimens collected in one clinical visit; liver and brain specimens taken during an autopsy.
A collection of specimens that is collected from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
specimen set
OBIB, OBI
Biobank
specimens collected in one encounter
human specimen set
A specimen set that is collected from one person during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
Duke Biobank, OBIB, OBI
Biobank
human specimen set
specimens collected longitudinally
A collection of specimens that was derived from the same source material entity at different time points in order to observe changes in that entity.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert
Bjoern Peters, OBI
specimens collected longitudinally
physical store
a freezer. a humidity controlled box.
A container with an environmental control function.
For details see tracker item: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/793/
Chris Stoeckert
Duke Biobank, OBIB
physical store
digital object identifier
The doi symbol: "10.1109/5.771073" resolves to ieee website: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=771073
A centrally registered identifier symbol used to uniquely identify objects given by International DOI Foundation. The DOI system is particularly used for electronic documents such as journal articles.
Discussed on Aug 22, 2016 OBI dev call. Details see tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/818/
OBI developers
DOI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier
https://www.doi.org/
digital object identifier
high performance liquid chromotography assay
high performance liquid chromotography assay
molecular analysis facility organization
An analysis facility that includes analysis of molecular metabolites, as well as the various DNAs and RNAs.
An organization that provides molecular analysis service.
Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
MAF
NCI BBRB, OBIB
NCI BBRB
molecular analysis facility organization
measurand role
A role borne by a material entity and realized in an assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the measurand in the entity bearing evaluant role.
Person: Alan Ruttenberg, Jie Zheng
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/measurand
https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/778
measurand role
bile specimen
A specimen that is derived from bile.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
bile specimen
feces specimen
A specimen that is derived from feces.
Chris Stoeckert
stool specimen
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
feces specimen
digestive system fluid or secretion specimen
A specimen that is derived from digestive system fluid or secretion.
Chris Stoeckert
gastric fluid specimen
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
digestive system fluid or secretion specimen
milk specimen
A specimen that is derived from milk.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
milk specimen
saliva specimen
A specimen that is derived from saliva.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
saliva specimen
sputum specimen
A specimen that is derived from sputum.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
sputum specimen
sweat specimen
A specimen that is derived from sweat.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
sweat specimen
blood plasma specimen
PMID: 18217225.Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jan;35(1):55-60. Review.Human immunodeficiency virus viral load in blood plasma and semen: review and implications of empirical findings.
a material entity which corresponds to the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended.
03/21/2010: BP, blood plasma is defined as the output of certain separation processes, so this is in the domain of OBI, not FMA.
PERSON: Maura Gasparetto
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
plasma
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma
blood plasma specimen
blood serum specimen
PMID: 18229666.Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:204-6.Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy.
A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors.
PERSON: Maura Gasparetto
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma
blood serum specimen
organism
animal
fungus
plant
virus
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
13-02-2009:
OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus.
This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
organism
specimen
Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen.
A material entity that has the specimen role.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
PERSON: James Malone
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
specimen
cultured cell population
A cultured cell population applied in an experiment: "293 cells expressing TrkA were serum-starved for 18 hours and then neurotrophins were added for 10 min before cell harvest." (Lee, Ramee, et al. "Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins." Science 294.5548 (2001): 1945-1948).
A cultured cell population maintained in vitro: "Rat cortical neurons from 15 day embryos are grown in dissociated cell culture and maintained in vitro for 8–12 weeks" (Dichter, Marc A. "Rat cortical neurons in cell culture: culture methods, cell morphology, electrophysiology, and synapse formation." Brain Research 149.2 (1978): 279-293).
A processed material comprised of a collection of cultured cells that has been continuously maintained together in culture and shares a common propagation history.
2013-6-5 MHB: This OBI class was formerly called 'cell culture', but label changed and definition updated following CLO alignment efforts in spring 2013, during which the intent of this class was clarified to refer to portions of a culture or line rather than a complete cell culture or line.
PERSON:Matthew Brush
cell culture sample
PERSON:Matthew Brush
The extent of a 'cultured cell population' is restricted only in that all cell members must share a propagation history (ie be derived through a common lineage of passages from an initial culture). In being defined in this way, this class can be used to refer to the populations that researchers actually use in the practice of science - ie are the inputs to culturing, experimentation, and sharing. The cells in such populations will be a relatively uniform population as they have experienced similar selective pressures due to their continuous co-propagation. And this population will also have a single passage number, again owing to their common passaging history. Cultured cell populations represent only a collection of cells (ie do not include media, culture dishes, etc), and include populations of cultured unicellular organisms or cultured multicellular organism cells. They can exist under active culture, stored in a quiescent state for future use, or applied experimentally.
cultured cell population
glucose in solution
Glucose present in blood
A scattered aggregate of glucose molecules in a liquid
PERSON: Jie Zheng
glucose molecules
glucose in solution
data transformation
The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value.
A planned process that produces output data from input data.
Elisabetta Manduchi
Helen Parkinson
James Malone
Melanie Courtot
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Richard Scheuermann
Ryan Brinkman
Tina Hernandez-Boussard
data analysis
data processing
Branch editors
data transformation
data transformation objective
normalize objective
An objective specification to transformation input data into output data
Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop
James Malone
PERSON: James Malone
data transformation objective
data normalization objective
Quantile transformation which has normalization objective can be used for expression microarray assay normalization and it is referred to as "quantile normalization", according to the procedure described e.g. in PMID 12538238.
A normalization objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to remove
systematic sources of variation to put the data on equal footing in order
to create a common base for comparisons.
Elisabetta Manduchi
Helen Parkinson
James Malone
PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
PERSON: James Malone
data normalization objective
normalization data transformation
A normalization data transformation is a data transformation that has objective normalization.
James Malone
PERSON: James Malone
normalization data transformation
scaling objective
Scaling gene expression data for cross platform analysis http://www.springerprotocols.com/Abstract/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-454-4_13
is a data transformation objective where all, or some of a data set is adjusted by some data transformation according to some scale, for example a user defined minimum or maximum
Awaiting English definition from Monnie McGee
James Malone
Person:Helen Parkinson
scaling objective
sequential design
PMID: 17710740.Pharm Stat. 2007 Aug 20.Sequential design approaches for bioequivalence studies with crossover designs.
Any design in which the decision as to whether to enroll the next patient, pair of patients, or block of patients is determined by whether the cumulative treatment difference for all previous patients is within specified limits. Enrollment is continued if the difference does not exceed the limits. It is terminated if it does
Philippe Rocca-Serra
MUSC
Provenance: OCI
sequential design
observation design
PMID: 12387964.Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1144-9.Deficiency of antibacterial peptides in patients with morbus Kostmann: an observation study.
observation design is a study design in which subjects are monitored in the absence of any active intervention by experimentalists.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI branch derived
observation design
pool of specimens
A pool of specimens is a mixture of a population of samples which have been gathered from one or more sample populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish.
check with advisors as to how to represent multiple instances of any class? a set of specimens which have been gathered from one or more sample_populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
GROUP: CEBS
pool of specimens
validated information
PMID: 20084519: "..Three of four interactions were validated via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an independent sample of healthy controls;..."
an information content entity which results from a validation process aimed at confirming a claim, a finding or a predicted information entity about a material entity or a process by experimental means.
Person:Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI
validated information
curated information
PMID: 17344875: A curated compendium of phosphorylation motifs.Nat Biotechnol. 2007 Mar;25(3):285-6.
A information content entity that has undergone a digital curation performed by a curator for accuracy checks and compliance with curation requirements. Information which has been assessed for accuracy by domain experts.
2009-11-10 Bjoern Peters. Need to check if this was intended. overlap with 'edited information', and has the same logical restrictions.
2010-01-31 Philippe Rocca-Serra: restriction now changed to be the output of a digital curation process + reflected in example of usage and reference
Person:Bjoern Peters
Person:Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI
curated information
randomized group participant role
A person enrolled in a randomized clinical trial bears a randomized group participant role
a role that borne by an organism and realized by some group randomization process
Person:Helen Parkinson
Philippe Rocca-Serra
randomized group participant role
extraction
nucleic acid extraction using phenol chloroform
A material separation in which a desired component of an input material is separated from the remainder
Current the output of material processing defined as the molecular entity, main component in the output material entity, rather than the material entity that have grain molecular entity.
'nucleic acid extract' is the output of 'nucleic acid extraction' and has grain 'nucleic acid'. However, the output of 'nucleic acid extraction' is 'nucleic acid' rather than 'nucleic acid extract'. We are aware of this issue and will work it out in the future.
Person:Bjoern Peters
Philippe Rocca-Serra
extraction
filtration
PMID: 18524968.Filtration of CSF improves isolation of Mycobacteria.J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Jun 4.
filtration is a process which separates components suspended in a fluid based on granularity properties relying on a filter device
Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI-Branch: adapted from wikipedia and wordnet
filtration
centrifugation
PMID: 18428461.Purification of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors using immunomagnetic separation and Percoll gradient centrifugation. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2001 May;Chapter 3:Unit 3.12.
centrifugation is a process separating molecules by size or density using centrifugal forces generated by a spinning rotor. G-forces of several hundred thousand times gravity are generated in ultracentrifugation
Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm
centrifugation
storage
PMID: 18550121.Total Prostate Specific Antigen Stability Confirmed After Long-Term Storage of Serum at -80C. J Urol. 2008 Jun 10.
A maintenance process by which material entities that are not actively metabolizing are placed in well identified location and possibly under controlled environment in ad-hoc devices/structures in order to preserve and protect them from decay/alteration and maintain availability
Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI-Branch
storage
group randomization
PMID: 18349405. Randomization reveals unexpected acute leukemias in Southwest Oncology Group prostate cancer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 20;26(9):1532-6.
A group assignment which relies on chance to assign materials to a group of materials in order to avoid bias in experimental set up.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomization]
group randomization
document editing
document editing
validation
PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16.
a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results
Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from wordnet (wkipedia)
validation
digital curation
PMID: 16901087. Supporting the curation of biological databases with reusable text mining.Genome Inform. 2005;16(2):32-44.
Digital curation is the process of establishing and developing long term repositories of digital assets for current and future reference by researchers, scientists, and historians, and scholars generally.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
wikipedia
digital curation
DNA sequencer
ABI 377 DNA Sequencer, ABI 310 DNA Sequencer
A DNA sequencer is an instrument that determines the order of deoxynucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid sequences.
Trish Whetzel
MO
DNA sequencer
centrifuge
A device with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents
Melanie Courtot
Person: Jennifer Fostel
Trish Whetzel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge
centrifuge
study design
a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design.
A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution.
Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
experimental design
rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol.
study design
clinical study design
PMID: 17655677.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007 Aug;18(9):965-71.Biventricular versus right ventricular pacing in patients with AV block (BLOCK HF): clinical study design and rationale.
Plan for the precise procedure to be followed in a clinical trial, including planned and actual timing of events, choice of control group, method of allocating treatments, blinding methods; assigns a subject to pass through one or more epochs in the course of a trial. Specific design elements, e.g., crossover, parallel; dose-escalation [Modified from Pocock, Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach]
The definition needs to be extended to other things than simply patients
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
clinical study design
repeated measure design
PMID: 10959922.J Biopharm Stat. 2000 Aug;10(3):433-45.Equivalence in test assay method comparisons for the repeated-measure, matched-pair design in medical device studies: statistical considerations.
a study design which use the same individuals and exposure them to a set of conditions. The effect of order and practice can be confounding factor in such designs
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm
repeated measure design
cross over design
PMID: 17601993-Objective: HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy (HIV-lipodystrophy) are insulin resistant and have elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying FFA-induced insulin resistance in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy. Research Design and Methods: Using a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design, we studied the effects of an overnight acipimox-induced suppression of FFA on glucose and FFA metabolism by using stable isotope labelled tracer techniques during basal conditions and a two-stage euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp (20 mU insulin/m(2)/min; 50 mU insulin/m(2)/min) in nine patients with nondiabetic HIV-lipodystrophy. All patients received antiretroviral therapy. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained during each stage of the clamp. Results: Acipimox treatment reduced basal FFA rate of appearance by 68.9% (52.6%-79.5%) and decreased plasma FFA concentration by 51.6 % (42.0%-58.9%), (both, P < 0.0001). Endogenous glucose production was not influenced by acipimox. During the clamp the increase in glucose-uptake was significantly greater after acipimox treatment compared to placebo (acipimox: 26.85 (18.09-39.86) vs placebo: 20.30 (13.67-30.13) mumol/kg/min; P < 0.01). Insulin increased phosphorylation of Akt (Thr(308)) and GSK-3beta (Ser(9)), decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) site 3a+b and increased GS-activity (I-form) in skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). Acipimox decreased phosphorylation of GS (site 3a+b) (P < 0.02) and increased GS-activity (P < 0.01) in muscle. Conclusion: The present study provides direct evidence that suppression of lipolysis in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy improves insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose-uptake. The increased glucose-uptake may in part be explained by increased dephosphorylation of GS (site 3a+b) resulting in increased GS activity.
a repeated measure design which ensures that experimental units receive, in sequence, the treatment (or the control), and then, after a specified time interval (aka *wash-out periods*), switch to the control (or treatment). In this design, subjects (patients in human context) serve as their own controls, and randomization may be used to determine the ordering which a subject receives the treatment and control
Philippe Rocca-Serra
(source: http://www.sbu.se/Filer/Content0/publikationer/1/literaturesearching_1993/glossary.html)
cross over design
n-to-1 design
N-of-1 design is a cross-over design in which the same patient is repeatedly randomised to receive either the experimental treatment or its control (Senn, 1993).
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from http://www.childrens-mercy.org/stats/definitions/crossover.htm and source:http://symptomresearch.nih.gov/chapter_6/sec1/csss1pg1.htm)
n-to-1 design
matched pairs design
PMID: 17288613-BSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physicians in Canadian emergency departments (EDs) annually treat 185,000 alert and stable trauma victims who are at risk for cervical spine (C-spine) injury. However, only 0.9% of these patients have suffered a cervical spine fracture. Current use of radiography is not efficient. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is designed to allow physicians to be more selective and accurate in ordering C-spine radiography, and to rapidly clear the C-spine without the need for radiography in many patients. The goal of this phase III study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an active strategy to implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule into physician practice. Specific objectives are to: 1) determine clinical impact, 2) determine sustainability, 3) evaluate performance, and 4) conduct an economic evaluation. METHODS: We propose a matched-pair cluster design study that compares outcomes during three consecutive 12-months before, after, and decay periods at six pairs of intervention and control sites. These 12 hospital ED sites will be stratified as teaching or community hospitals, matched according to baseline C-spine radiography ordering rates, and then allocated within each pair to either intervention or control groups. During the after period at the intervention sites, simple and inexpensive strategies will be employed to actively implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule. The following outcomes will be assessed: 1) measures of clinical impact, 2) performance of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and 3) economic measures. During the 12-month decay period, implementation strategies will continue, allowing us to evaluate the sustainability of the effect. We estimate a sample size of 4,800 patients in each period in order to have adequate power to evaluate the main outcomes. DISCUSSION: Phase I successfully derived the Canadian C-Spine Rule and phase II confirmed the accuracy and safety of the rule, hence, the potential for physicians to improve care. What remains unknown is the actual change in clinical behaviors that can be affected by implementation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and whether implementation can be achieved with simple and inexpensive measures. We believe that the Canadian C-Spine Rule has the potential to significantly reduce health care costs and improve the efficiency of patient flow in busy Canadian EDs.
A matched pair design is a study design which use groups of individuals associated (hence matched) to each other based on a set of criteria, one member going to one treatment, the other member receiving the other treatment.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm
matched pairs design
parallel group design
PMID: 17408389-Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most important reason for blindness following retinal detachment. Presently, vitreous tamponades such as gas or silicone oil cannot contact the lower part of the retina. A heavier-than-water tamponade displaces the inflammatory and PVR-stimulating environment from the inferior area of the retina. The Heavy Silicone Oil versus Standard Silicone Oil Study (HSO Study) is designed to answer the question of whether a heavier-than-water tamponade improves the prognosis of eyes with PVR of the lower retina. Methods: The HSO Study is a multicentre, randomized, prospective controlled clinical trial comparing two endotamponades within a two-arm parallel group design. Patients with inferiorly and posteriorly located PVR are randomized to either heavy silicone oil or standard silicone oil as a tamponading agent. Three hundred and fifty consecutive patients are recruited per group. After intraoperative re-attachment, patients are randomized to either standard silicone oil (1000 cSt or 5000 cSt) or Densiron((R)) as a tamponading agent. The main endpoint criteria are complete retinal attachment at 12 months and change of visual acuity (VA) 12 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative VA. Secondary endpoints include complete retinal attachment before endotamponade removal, quality of life analysis and the number of retina affecting re-operation within 1 year of follow-up. Results: The design and early recruitment phase of the study are described. Conclusions: The results of this study will uncover whether or not heavy silicone oil improves the prognosis of eyes with PVR.
A parallel group design or independent measure design is a study design which uses unique experimental unit each experimental group, in other word no two individuals are shared between experimental groups, hence also known as parallel group design. Subjects of a treatment group receive a unique combination of independent variable values making up a treatment
Philippe Rocca-Serra
independent measure design
http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm
parallel group design
randomized complete block design
http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html,(A researcher is carrying out a study of the effectiveness of four different skin creams for the treatment of a certain skin disease. He has eighty subjects and plans to divide them into 4 treatment groups of twenty subjects each. Using a randomised blocks& design, the subjects are assessed and put in blocks of four according to how severe their skin condition is; the four most severe cases are the first block, the next four most severe cases are the second block, and so on to the twentieth block. The four &members of each block are then randomly assigned, one to each of the four treatment groups. http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#rbd))
A randomized complete block design is_a study design which assigns randomly treatments to block. The number of units per block equals the number of treatment so each block receives each treatment exactly once (hence the qualifier 'complete'). The design was originally devised from field trials used in agronomy and agriculture. The analysis assumes that there is no interaction between block and treatment. The method was then used in other settings So The randomised complete block design is a design in which the subjects are matched according to a variable which the experimenter wishes to control. The subjects are put into groups (blocks) of the same size as the number of treatments. The members of each block are then randomly assigned to different treatment groups.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.tufts.edu/~gdallal/ranblock.htm
randomized complete block design
balanced incomplete block design
PMID: 7622388.Health Educ Q. 1995 May;22(2):201-10.Balanced incomplete block design: description, case study, and implications for practice.
balanced incomplete block design is a kind of factorial design where all treatment pairs occur together within a block an equal number ?? times. ??ii' is the number of times treatment i occurs with i'
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_design and http://www.stat.psu.edu/~jglenn/stat503/05_factorial/02_factorial_IBD.html
balanced incomplete block design
loop design
PMID: 12933549
A loop experiment design is where labeled extracts are compared in consecutive pairs. synonym: circular design
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_912
loop design
reference design
PMID: 12933549
A reference experiment design type is where all samples are compared to a common reference.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_699
reference design
latin square design
PMID: 17582121-Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: DCAD of -3, 22, or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM), and 16 or 19% CP on a DM basis. Linear increases with DCAD occurred in DM intake, milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk true protein, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat. Milk production itself was unaffected by DCAD. Jugular venous blood pH, base excess and HCO3(-) concentration, and urine pH increased, but jugular venous blood Cl- concentration, urine titratable acidity, and net acid excretion decreased linearly with increasing DCAD. An elevated ratio of coccygeal venous plasma essential AA to nonessential AA with increasing DCAD indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Cows fed 16% CP had lower urea N in milk than cows fed 19% CP; the same was true for urea N in coccygeal venous plasma and urine. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and acid-base status did not differ between the 16 and 19% CP treatments. It was concluded that DCAD affected DM intake and performance of dairy cows in early lactation. Feeding 16% dietary CP to cows in early lactation, compared with 19% CP, maintained lactation performance while reducing urea N excretion in milk and urine.
Latin square design is_a study design which allows in its simpler form controlling 2 levels of nuisance variables (also known as blocking variables).he 2 nuisance factors are divided into a tabular grid with the property that each row and each column receive each treatment exactly once.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and
latin square design
graeco latin square design
PMID: 6846242-Beaton et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:2546-59) reported on the partitioning of variance in 1-day dietary data for the intake of energy, protein, total carbohydrate, total fat, classes of fatty acids, cholesterol, and alcohol. Using the same food intake data and the expanded National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute food composition data base, these analyses of sources of variance have been expanded to include classes of carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, total ash, caffeine, and crude fiber. The analyses relate to observed intakes (replicated six times) of 30 adult males and 30 adult females obtained under a paired Graeco-Latin square design with sequence of interview, interviewer, and day of the week as determinants. Neither sequence nor interviewer made consistent contribution to variance. In females, day of the week had a significant effect for several nutrients. The major partitioning of variance was between interindividual variation (between subjects) and intraindividual variation (within subjects) which included both true day-to-day variation in intake and methodological variation. For all except caffeine, the intraindividual variability of 1-day data was larger than the interindividual variability. For vitamin A, almost all of the variance was associated with day-to-day variability. One day data provide a very inadequate estimate of usual intake of individuals. In the design of nutrition studies it is critical that the intended use of dietary data be a major consideration in deciding on methodology. There is no ideal dietary method. There may be preferred methods for particular purposes.
Greco-Latin square design is a study design which relates to Latin square design
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and
only 2 articles in pubmed ->probably irrelevant
graeco latin square design
hyper graeco latin square design
PRS to do
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and
no example found in pubmed->not in use in the community
hyper graeco latin square design
factorial design
PMID: 17582121-Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: DCAD of -3, 22, or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM), and 16 or 19% CP on a DM basis. Linear increases with DCAD occurred in DM intake, milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk true protein, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat. Milk production itself was unaffected by DCAD. Jugular venous blood pH, base excess and HCO3(-) concentration, and urine pH increased, but jugular venous blood Cl- concentration, urine titratable acidity, and net acid excretion decreased linearly with increasing DCAD. An elevated ratio of coccygeal venous plasma essential AA to nonessential AA with increasing DCAD indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Cows fed 16% CP had lower urea N in milk than cows fed 19% CP; the same was true for urea N in coccygeal venous plasma and urine. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and acid-base status did not differ between the 16 and 19% CP treatments. It was concluded that DCAD affected DM intake and performance of dairy cows in early lactation. Feeding 16% dietary CP to cows in early lactation, compared with 19% CP, maintained lactation performance while reducing urea N excretion in milk and urine.
factorial design is_a study design which is used to evaluate two or more factors simultaneously. The treatments are combinations of levels of the factors. The advantages of factorial designs over one-factor-at-a-time experiments is that they are more efficient and they allow interactions to be detected. In statistics, a factorial design experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or levels, and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. Such an experiment allows studying the effect of each factor on the response variable, as well as the effects of interactions between factors on the response variable.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#facdes And from wikipedia (01/03/2007): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_experiment)
factorial design
2x2 factorial design
PMID: 17561240-The present experiment evaluates the effects of intermittent exposure to a social stimulus on ethanol and water drinking in rats. Four groups of rats were arranged in a 2x2 factorial design with 2 levels of Social procedure (Intermittent Social vs Continuous Social) and 2 levels of sipper Liquid (Ethanol vs Water). Intermittent Social groups received 35 trials per session. Each trial consisted of the insertion of the sipper tube for 10 s followed by lifting of the guillotine door for 15 s. The guillotine door separated the experimental rat from the conspecific rat in the wire mesh cage during the 60 s inter-trial interval. The Continuous Social groups received similar procedures except that the guillotine door was raised during the entire duration of the session. For the Ethanol groups, the concentrations of ethanol in the sipper [3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16% (vol/vol)] increased across sessions, while the Water groups received 0% ethanol (water) in the sipper throughout the experiment. Both Social procedures induced more intake of ethanol than water. The Intermittent Social procedure induced more ethanol intake at the two highest ethanol concentration blocks (10-12% and 14-16%) than the Continuous Social procedure, but this effect was not observed with water. Effects of social stimulation on ethanol drinking are discussed.
a factorial design which has 2 experimental factors (aka independent variables) and 2 factor levels per experimental factors
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PMID: 17561240
2x2 factorial design
fractional factorial design
A fractional factorial design is_a study design in which only an adequately chosen fraction of the treatment combinations required for the complete factorial experiment is selected to be run
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri334.htm From ASQC (1983) Glossary & Tables for Statistical Quality Control
fractional factorial design
dye swap design
PMID: 17411393-Dye-specific bias effects, commonly observed in the two-color microarray platform, are normally corrected using the dye swap design. This design, however, is relatively expensive and labor-intensive. We propose a self-self hybridization design as an alternative to the dye swap design. In this design, the treated and control samples are labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 (or Cy3 and Cy5), respectively, without dye swap, along with a set of self-self hybridizations on the control sample. We compare this design with the dye swap design through investigation of mouse primary hepatocytes treated with three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists at three dose levels. Using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were determined for both the self-self hybridization and dye swap designs. The DEG concordance between the two designs was over 80% across each dose treatment and chemical. Furthermore, 90% of DEG-associated biological pathways were in common between the designs, indicating that biological interpretations would be consistent. The reduced labor and expense for the self-self hybridization design make it an efficient substitute for the dye swap design. For example, in larger toxicogenomic studies, only about half the chips are required for the self-self hybridization design compared to that needed in the dye swap design.
An experiment design type where the label orientations are reversed. exact synonym: flip dye, dye flip
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_858
dye swap design
replicate design
A replicate experimental design type is where a series of replicates are performed to evaluate reproducibility or as a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of replicates for a subsequent experiments.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_885
replicate design
self vs self design
PMID: 17411393-Dye-specific bias effects, commonly observed in the two-color microarray platform, are normally corrected using the dye swap design. This design, however, is relatively expensive and labor-intensive. We propose a self-self hybridization design as an alternative to the dye swap design. In this design, the treated and control samples are labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 (or Cy3 and Cy5), respectively, without dye swap, along with a set of self-self hybridizations on the control sample. We compare this design with the dye swap design through investigation of mouse primary hepatocytes treated with three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists at three dose levels. Using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were determined for both the self-self hybridization and dye swap designs. The DEG concordance between the two designs was over 80% across each dose treatment and chemical. Furthermore, 90% of DEG-associated biological pathways were in common between the designs, indicating that biological interpretations would be consistent. The reduced labor and expense for the self-self hybridization design make it an efficient substitute for the dye swap design. For example, in larger toxicogenomic studies, only about half the chips are required for the self-self hybridization design compared to that needed in the dye swap design.
A study design that investigates variance and error estimates in the experimental system, and is where the same extract is compared.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_490
self vs self design
time series design
PMID: 14744830-Microarrays are powerful tools for surveying the expression levels of many thousands of genes simultaneously. They belong to the new genomics technologies which have important applications in the biological, agricultural and pharmaceutical sciences. There are myriad sources of uncertainty in microarray experiments, and rigorous experimental design is essential for fully realizing the potential of these valuable resources. Two questions frequently asked by biologists on the brink of conducting cDNA or two-colour, spotted microarray experiments are 'Which mRNA samples should be competitively hybridized together on the same slide?' and 'How many times should each slide be replicated?' Early experience has shown that whilst the field of classical experimental design has much to offer this emerging multi-disciplinary area, new approaches which accommodate features specific to the microarray context are needed. In this paper, we propose optimal designs for factorial and time course experiments, which are special designs arising quite frequently in microarray experimentation. Our criterion for optimality is statistical efficiency based on a new notion of admissible designs; our approach enables efficient designs to be selected subject to the information available on the effects of most interest to biologists, the number of arrays available for the experiment, and other resource or practical constraints, including limitations on the amount of mRNA probe. We show that our designs are superior to both the popular reference designs, which are highly inefficient, and to designs incorporating all possible direct pairwise comparisons. Moreover, our proposed designs represent a substantial practical improvement over classical experimental designs which work in terms of standard interactions and main effects. The latter do not provide a basis for meaningful inference on the effects of most interest to biologists, nor make the most efficient use of valuable and limited resources.
Groups of assays that are related as part of a time series.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_887
time series design
stopping rule
PMID: 17591081-BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the viral kinetics of Chinese CHC patients received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin and examine the impact of HCV genotypes and severity of liver disease. METHODOLOGY: 65 treatment-naove CHC patients who finished a 24-week therapy with peginterferon (alpha-2b (1.5 mcg/kg/week) plus ribavirin (1000-1200 mg /day) and 24 weeks of follow-up were enrolled. Hepatic fibrosis was graded by the METAVIR scoring system. Serum quantitative HCV RNA was determined by Versant HCV RNA 3.0 assay (Bayer Inc.). RESULTS: Genotype non-1 patients responded quickly and a higher percentage of them achieved undetectable HCV RNA (< 615 IU/mL) at week 4 compared with genotype 1 patients (93% vs. 69%, p = 0.018). Degree of hepatic fibrosis significantly affected end-of-treatment and sustained response (SVR). For patients who did not achieve early virological response (EVR), the negative predictive value for SVR was 100%. In genotype 1 patients, undetectable HCV RNA by week 4 was a good marker to predict treatment response, with a positive predictive value of 84% and a negative predictive value of 82%. CONCLUSIONS: EVR can be applied to Chinese patients as an early stopping rule. A 24-week duration of pegylated IFN/ribavirin might be adequate for genotype 1 patients who rapidly responded to therapy.
a stopping rule (criterion) is_a *rule* which causes a *stopping process* to happen
PRS
PRS
stopping rule
compliance rule
a compliance rule is a rule which ensures a compliance process occurs
PRS
PRS
compliance rule
standard compliance rule
a standard compliance rule is a compliance rule which defines conformity to a representation standard
PRS
PRS
standard compliance rule
ethical standard compliance rule
an ethical standard compliance rule is_a *compliance rule* which enable a *ethical compliance process* to occur
PRS
PRS
ethical standard compliance rule
eligibility criterion
PMID: 17579629 -Eligibility criteria included: untreated ED-SCLC; age >/=70 and performance status 0-2, or age <70 and PS 3.
an eligibility criterion (rule) is_a selection criterion which
defines and states the requirements (positive or negative) for an entity to be considered as suitable for a given task or participation in a process.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
eligibility rule
Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
eligibility criterion
inclusion criterion
PMID: 23979341-The major inclusion criterion was patients in whom severe cerebral embolism was diagnosed at age 75 or younger (more than 9 in the NIHSS score on day 7 after the onset of stroke) .
an inclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity suitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, inclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects MUST meet to be eligible for participation in a study.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
inclusion condition
inclusion rule
Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
inclusion criterion
exclusion rule
PMID: 17600285-Exclusion criteria included the use of any topical ophthalmic or topical oral medication and/or history of ocular or oral surgery within the past six months.
an exclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity unsuitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, exclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects SHOULD NOT meet to be eligible for participation in a study
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
exclusion criterion
performing a clinical assessment
A protocol application during which a series of tests are made of a patient leading to determination of disease state, or condition.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
clinical diagnosis
OBI branch derived
performing a clinical assessment
human subject enrollment
enlisting familiy members of HIV patients into a study
A planned process with the objective to obtain a population of human subjects to participate in an investigation by determining eligibility of subjects and obtaining informed consent.
As with group assignment, should the specified output here be an organism which bears a role
Bjoern Peters
IEDB
criteria come from plan / clinical trial branch
human subject enrollment
collecting specimen from organism
taking a sputum sample from a cancer patient, taking the spleen from a killed mouse, collecting a urine sample from a patient
a process with the objective to obtain a material entity that was part of an organism for potential future use in an investigation
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
IEDB
collecting specimen from organism
1
administering substance in vivo
Balb/c mice received an intracameral or subconjunctival injection of trinitrophenylated spleen cells
injecting mice with 10 ug morphine intranasally, a patient taking two pills of 1 mg aspirin orally
A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance.
2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893050&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Different routes and means of administration should go as children underneath this
Update the definition based on the discussion. Details see the tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/738/
needs roles such as perturber and perturbee (children of input role). Perturb is too strong. Host might be the name for one role. Others considered: Doner, Donated, Acceptor.
Bjoern Peters
Person:Bjoern Peters
IEDB
administering substance in vivo
material component separation
Using a cell sorter to separate a mixture of T cells into two fractions; one with surface receptor CD8 and the other lacking the receptor, or purification
a material processing in which components of an input material become segregated in space
Bjoern Peters
IEDB
material component separation
group assignment
Assigning' to be treated with active ingredient role' to an organism during group assignment. The group is those organisms that have the same role in the context of an investigation
group assignment is a process which has an organism as specified input and during which a role is assigned
Philippe Rocca-Serra
cohort assignment
study assignment
OBI Plan
group assignment
maintaining cell culture
When harvesting blood from a human, isolating T cells, and then limited dilution cloning of the cells, the maintaining_cell_culture step comprises all steps after the initial dilution and plating of the cells into culture, e.g. placing the culture into an incubator, changing or adding media, and splitting a cell culture
a protocol application in which cells are kept alive in a defined environment outside of an organism. part of cell_culturing
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived
maintaining cell culture
'establishing cell culture'
a process through which a new type of cell culture or cell line is created, either through the isolation and culture of one or more cells from a fresh source, or the deliberate experimental modification of an existing cell culture (e.g passaging a primary culture to become a secondary culture or line, or the immortalization or stable genetic modification of an existing culture or line).
PERSON:Matthew Brush
PERSON:Matthew Brush
A 'cell culture' as used here referes to a new lineage of cells in culture deriving from a single biological source.. New cultures are established through the initial isolation and culturing of cells from an organismal source, or through changes in an existing cell culture or line that result in a new culture with unique characteristics. This can occur through the passaging/selection of a primary culture into a secondary culture or line, or experimental modifications of an existing cell culture or line such as an immortalization process or other stable genetic modification. This class covers establishment of cultures of either multicellular organism cells or unicellular organisms.
establishing cell culture
sequencing assay
The use of the Sanger method of DNA sequencing to determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA template
An assay the uses chemical or biochemical means to infer the sequence of a biomaterial
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived
sequencing assay
dialysis
the use of a dialysis bag of select pore size to remove salt from collagen isolated from mouse cartilage
a protocol application that uses diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane to separate an input material into two fractions of different composition
PERSON:Kevin Clancy
OBI branch derived
dialysis
nucleic acid extraction
Phenol / chlorophorm extraction disolvation of protein content folllowed by ethanol precipitation of the nucleic acid fraction over night in the fridge followed by centrifugation to obtain a nucleic acid pellet.
a material separation to recover the nucleic acid fraction of an input material
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived
requested by Helen Parkinson for MO. Could be defined class
nucleic acid extraction
disposition to cause an allergic reaction
The role borne by a material entity that is realized when it is recognized by the immune system and results in the occurrence of an allergic disease.
IEDB
allergenic disposition
IEDB
disposition to cause an allergic reaction
allergic reaction
an allergic reaction is an pathologic immune response by an organism to a non-self entity that is normally harmless(the allergen)
IEDB
IEDB
allergic reaction
occurrence of allergy
The process of an allergic disease occurring in an organism.
IEDB
IEDB
occurrence of allergy
infectious disease
is a disease caused by an infectious agent
IEDB
IEDB
infectious disease
allergy
is a disease in which an abnormally strong inflammatory immune response is triggered against non-self entities, and the immune response has no protective effect
IEDB
IEDB
allergy
cancer
A disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
IEDB
IEDB
cancer
autoimmune disease
Is a disease characterized by an immune response of an organism against parts of itself
IEDB
IEDB
autoimmune disease
blood harvesting
A material separation where blood is taken from an organism.
IEDB
IEDB
blood harvesting
pathologic process
abnormal, harmful processes caused by or associated with a disease
IEDB
IEDB
pathologic process
allergen
Birch pollen is an allergen
A material entity bearing the disposition to cause an allergic reaction
IEDB
IEDB
allergen
bodily fluid specimen
A specimen that is derived from some bodily fluid
Mark A. Miller|ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066|Christian Stoeckert|ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X
Mark A. Miller|ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066|Christian Stoeckert|ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X
bodily fluid specimen
clinical finding
clinical finding
clinical history
A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family.
clinical history
laboratory finding
laboratory finding
phenotype
A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species.
phenotype
disease
A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
disease
clinical laboratory test
clinical laboratory test
physical examination
physical examination
disease course
The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized.
replace 'OBI:occurrence of disease', need to add logical definition
The axioms of OBI occurence of disease:
Equivalent classes:
realizes some disease
Superclasses:
'has part' some 'pathologic process'
'has participant' some
(organism
and ('has role' some 'host of immune response role'))
biological_process
realizes some 'host of immune response role'
disease course
diagnosis
diagnosis
treatment
A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process
treatment
prognosis
prognosis
human microbiome
human microbiome
microbiome
microbiome
microbiome in human gastrointestinal system
microbiome in human gastrointestinal system
human gut microbiome
human gut microbiome
sample collection or study aim description
sample collection or study aim description
study proper name
study proper name
number of total human study participant objective
number of total human study participant objective
legal person role
legal person role
age
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
age
biological sex
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
biological sex
morphology
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
morphology
size
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
size
length
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
length
mass
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
mass
temperature
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
temperature
time
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
time
behavioral quality
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation.
behavioral quality
female
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes.
female
male
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
male
volume
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
volume
physical quality
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
physical quality
pressure
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
pressure
physical object quality
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
physical object quality
mixed sex
A biological sex quality inhering in a population of multiple sexes.
mixed sex
3-D extent
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
3-D extent
phenotypic sex
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics.
phenotypic sex
organismal quality
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
organismal quality
population quality
A quality that inheres in an entire population or part of a population.
population quality
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
genet (broad)
ramet (broad)
PO_GIT:538
PO_GIT:69
planta entera (Spanish, exact)
植物体全体 (Japanese, exact)
bush (narrow)
frutex (narrow)
frutices (narrow)
gametophyte (narrow)
herb (narrow)
liana (narrow)
prothalli (narrow)
prothallium (narrow)
prothallus (narrow)
seedling (narrow)
shrub (narrow)
sporophyte (narrow)
suffrutex (narrow)
suffrutices (narrow)
tree (narrow)
vine (narrow)
woody clump (narrow)
plant_anatomy
clonal colony (related)
colony (related)
PO:0000003
Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
whole plant
A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
PO_GIT:57
estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009011
'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
plant structure
protein
antithrombin III is a protein
An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof.
protein
region
A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids.
primary structure of sequence macromolecule
sequence
region
population stratification prior to sampling
population stratification prior to sampling
stratification rule
stratification rule
stratum population
stratum population
mouth
The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks).
mouth
blood
A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.
blood
organism substance
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
organism substance
organism substance
material anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has mass.
material anatomical entity
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
multicellular organism
anatomical cluster
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
anatomical cluster
tissue
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
tissue
stomach
An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium.
stomach
adipose tissue
Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue
adipose tissue
urine
Excretion that is the output of a kidney
urine
sweat
Secretion produced by a sweat gland.
sweat
colon
Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum.
colon
saliva
A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.
saliva
milk
An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation.
http://langual.org
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0235
mammal milk
milk
bile
vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium.
bile
feces
Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]
feces
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
female organism
bodily fluid
Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.
fluid
bodily fluid
respiratory system fluid/secretion
A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system.
respiratory system fluid/secretion
digestive system secreted substance
digestive system secreted substance
A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage.
adult organism
sputum
Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth.
sputum
length unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
length unit
mass unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
mass unit
time unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
time unit
temperature unit
temperature unit
substance unit
substance unit
concentration unit
concentration unit
volume unit
volume unit
frequency unit
frequency unit
pressure unit
pressure unit
volumetric flow rate unit
volumetric flow rate unit
rate unit
rate unit
vaccine
A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine.
vaccine
vaccination
a process of administering substance in vivo that involves in adding a vaccine into a host (e.g., human) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective or therapeutic adaptive immune response.
vaccination
start date
start date
question
question
identifier
identifier
description
description
inclusion criterion
inclusion criterion
exclusion criterion
exclusion criterion
article
article
address
address
affiliation
affiliation
personal name
personal name
conclusion
conclusion
website
website
objective
objective
number
number
time measurement
time measurement
study group
study group
endpoint
endpoint
country
country
start time
start time
end time
end time
institute
institute
URL
URL
subject role
subject role
standard operating procedure
standard operating procedure
ethnicity
ethnicity
recipe
recipe
study
study
control group
control group
email address
email address
cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease
diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus
duration
duration
hypertension
hypertension
treatment
treatment
energy intake
energy intake
physical activity
physical activity
smoking behavior
smoking behavior
alcohol drinking
alcohol drinking
body weight
body weight
body height
body height
waist circumference
waist circumference
hip circumference
hip circumference
sample collection protocol
sample collection protocol
increased risk
increased risk
cigarettes per day measurement
cigarettes per day measurement
Obsolete Class
example to be eventually removed
example to be eventually removed
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
organizational term
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
organizational term
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
to be replaced with external ontology term
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
Alan Ruttenberg
group:OBI
to be replaced with external ontology term
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
Alan Ruttenberg
group:OBI
requires discussion
## Elucidation
This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally'
## How to interpret (informal)
First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard
interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom
within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to
all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation.
## Example
Class: nucleus
SubClassOf: part_of some cell
forall t :
forall n :
instance_of(n,Nucleus,t)
implies
exists c :
instance_of(c,Cell,t)
part_of(n,c,t)
## Notes
This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation
axiom holds for all times
en
Ontology for Biomedical Investigations
Advisors for this project come from the IFOMIS group, Saarbruecken and from the Co-ODE group in Manchester
Alan Ruttenberg
Allyson Lister
Barry Smith
Bill Bug
Bjoern Peters
Carlo Torniai
Chris Mungall
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Taylor
Christian Bolling
Cristian Cocos
Daniel Rubin
Daniel Schober
Dawn Field
Dirk Derom
Elisabetta Manduchi
Eric Deutsch
Frank Gibson
Gilberto Fragoso
Helen C. Causton
Helen Parkinson
Holger Stenzhorn
James A. Overton
James Malone
Jay Greenbaum
Jeffrey Grethe
Jennifer Fostel
Jessica Turner
Jie Zheng
Joe White
John Westbrook
Kevin Clancy
Larisa Soldatova
Lawrence Hunter
Liju Fan
Luisa Montecchi
Matthew Brush
Matthew Pocock
Melanie Courtot
Melissa Haendel
Mervi Heiskanen
Monnie McGee
Norman Morrison
Philip Lord
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Pierre Grenon
Richard Bruskiewich
Richard Scheuermann
Robert Stevens
Ryan R. Brinkman
Stefan Wiemann
Susanna-Assunta Sansone
Tanya Gray
Tina Hernandez-Boussard
Trish Whetzel
Yongqun He
2009-07-31
The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is build in a collaborative, international effort and will serve as a resource for annotating biomedical investigations, including the study design, protocols and instrumentation used, the data generated and the types of analysis performed on the data. This ontology arose from the Functional Genomics Investigation Ontology (FuGO) and will contain both terms that are common to all biomedical investigations, including functional genomics investigations and those that are more domain specific.
OWL-DL
An ontology for the annotation of biomedical and functional genomics experiments.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ontology for Biomedical Investigations
Please cite the OBI consortium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi where traditional citation is called for. However it is adequate that individual terms be attributed simply by use of the identifying PURL for the term, in projects that refer to them.
2020-12-16
A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location.
geographic location
kilogram
kilogram
gram
gram
minute
minute
hour
hour
day
day
week
week
year
year
2021-03-11
FoodOn (http://foodon.org) is a consortium-driven project to build a comprehensive and easily accessible global farm-to-fork ontology about food, that accurately and consistently describes foods commonly known in cultures from around the world.
Damion Dooley
Food Ontology