Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label The user interface label is the label that should be placed on a datum when presented on a form or report Damion Dooley user interface label A user interface feature is a pre-set list of features and their acceptable values that a user interface rendering system should use to display an entity on a form or report Damion Dooley user interface feature editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status definition definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) term replaced by Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg term replaced by ISA alternative term An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org). Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org) ISA alternative term NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC). PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term IEDB alternative term An alternative term used by the IEDB. PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters IEDB IEDB alternative term An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor Contributor Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage Coverage Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. An account of the content of the resource. Description Description Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Format Format Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Resource Identifier Resource Identifier Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Language Language Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making the resource available Publisher Publisher Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a related resource. Relation Relation Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. Information about rights held in and over the resource. Rights Management Rights Management The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Source Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. The topic of the content of the resource. Subject and Keywords Subject and Keywords Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. A name given to the resource. Title Title Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element. The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Resource Type Resource Type Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z An image of the item. ,In Protege, this can be a URL. has broad synonym database cross reference has narrow synonym has synonym shorthand label label label label is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process has measurement unit label This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r person:Alan Ruttenberg Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes. From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality. From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input. This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. Alan Ruttenberg is quality measurement of relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process Person:Alan Ruttenberg is duration of inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship Person:Alan Ruttenberg is quality measured as provides_service_consumer_with The provides_service_consumer_with relation links the service to its primary process it provides for the consumer (as opposed to secondary processual parts of a service process such as payment or documentation). For example, a 'DNA sequencing service' provides_service_consumer_with 'DNA sequencing' as the essential process performed by the provider for the client. A relation between a service and the primary processual part of the service that is performed by the provider for the consumer. provides_service_consumer_with is_supported_by_data The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI OBI Philly 2011 workshop is_supported_by_data has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of is_proxy_for position on a gel is_proxy_for mass and charge of molecule in an western blot. Florescent intensity is_proxy_for amount of protein labeled with GFP. Examples: A260/A280 (of a DNA sample) is_proxy_for DNA-purity. NMR Sample scan is a proxy for sample quality. Within the assay mentioned here: https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay level of radioactivity is_proxy_for level of toxicity A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within an experiment/ protocol application, measurement of c1 is used to determine what a measurement of c2 would be. A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within a protocol application, measurement of c1 is related to a what would be the measurement of c2. (another definition) Alan Ruttenberg is_proxy_for achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective has grain the relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car. Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. Definition take from the definition of granular parthood in the cited paper. Needs work to put into standard form PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PAPER: Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Rector, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 has grain is grain of A relation between granular parts and the whole of which they are a part. Granular parts have indeterminate number such that removing one granular part does not necessarily damage or diminish the whole. JAO: Added definition 2013-10-25 based on 'has grain', but both these terms seem problematic. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 is grain of provisions A relation between an organisation or person and a material entity, where the organization or person provides or supplies the material entity for others to use 5/11/2020: A prior definition contained reference to transfer of ownership. ("A relation between an organisation or person and a material entity who owned or has license to the material entity and there was a legal transfer of ownership or licensing of the material entity to the current owner"). This was left out as it was hard to read and it was unclear if/how that transfer restricts the relationship. GROUP: Relations branch supplies provisions has_supplier A relation between a material entity and an organisation or person who owned or has license to the material entity and there was a legal transfer of ownership or licensing of the material entity to the current owner. PERSON: Alan Rutternberg PERSON: Cristian Cocos PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_supplier objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by is member of organization Relating a legal person or organization to an organization in the case where the legal person or organization has a role as member of the organization. 2009/10/01 Alan Ruttenberg. Barry prefers generic is-member-of. Question of what the range should be. For now organization. Is organization a population? Would the same relation be used to record members of a population JZ: Discussed on May 7, 2012 OBI dev call. Bjoern points out that we need to allow for organizations to be members of organizations. And agreed by the other OBI developers. So, human and organization were specified in 'Domains'. The textual definition was updated based on it. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Helen Parkinson Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Helen Parkinson 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case is member of organization has organization member Relating an organization to a legal person or organization. See tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3512902&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person: Jie Zheng has organization member specifies value of A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. specifies value of has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification has performer performer relation covers the need to report on who performed a planned processed. it has to cover processes done by People or Devices (such as a robot controlled by software WF management system) has performer process is result of The production of IFN-gamma by effector T cells is a process result of T cell stimulation through the TCR is a relationship between a process and a preceding occurrent that directly caused the later one to occur IEDB PERSON:Bjoern Peters process is result of inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role derives from this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime location_of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of 2D boundary of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. has boundary has_2D_boundary has 2D boundary David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. in taxon surrounded by x surrounded_by y if and only if x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y surrounded by adjacent to move to BFO? Allen A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporal relation inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen starts A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member is related to is related to has measurement value has specified numeric value A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it. A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has specified numeric value has specified value A relation between a value specification and a literal. This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject. OBI has specified value Citation Bibliographic data that uniquely identifies a scientific article, book or other published material. Citation Operation A function that processes a set of inputs and results in a set of outputs, or associates arguments (inputs) with values (outputs). Operation Query and retrieval Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation. Query and retrieval Literature search Query scientific literature, in search for articles, article data, concepts, named entities, or for statistics. Literature search Database search Search a database (or other data resource) with a supplied query and retrieve entries (or parts of entries) that are similar to the query. Database search Proteomics Protein and peptide identification, especially in the study of whole proteomes of organisms. Proteomics Genomics Whole genomes of one or more organisms, or genomes in general, such as meta-information on genomes, genome projects, gene names etc. Genomics Metabolomics The systematic study of metabolites, the chemical processes they are involved, and the chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in a whole cell, tissue, organ or organism. Metabolomics Metagenomics The study of genetic material recovered from environmental samples, and associated environmental data. Metagenomics Transcriptomics The analysis of transcriptomes, or a set of all the RNA molecules in a specific cell, tissue etc. Transcriptomics entity Entity entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity entity continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region quality Quality quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role fiat-object fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object fiat object part 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another. a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history carbohydrate carbohydrate peptide Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. peptide glucose An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. glucose molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well molecular entity monounsaturated fatty acid monounsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acid saturated fatty acid saturated fatty acid atom A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom food role Any material that can be ingested by an organism. food nucleic acid A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acid macromolecule A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. polymer macromolecule protein protein food component food component cell cell PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .." A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. cell cell cultured cell A cell in vitro that is or has been maintained or propagated as part of a cell culture. cultured cell experimentally modified cell in vitro A cell in vitro that has undergone physical changes as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure. experimentally modified cell in vitro blood total cholesterol level blood total cholesterol level blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level body mass index (BMI) body mass index (BMI) food intake measurement food intake measurement ethanol drink intake rate ethanol drink intake rate A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. environmental environmental material intervention intervention anthropometric analysis anthropometric analysis foodon ontology data specification foodon ontology data specification Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. Damion Dooley Foodon product type https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations. food product meat food product A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. SUBSET_SIREN:F17332 meat food product plant food product This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product seafood product A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. Some of the subclasses are currently freshwater organisms. Damion Dooley seafood product vertebrate animal food product A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. Damion Dooley vertebrate animal food product avian egg food product A food product made from an avian egg. avian egg food product A food product made from domesticated bird meat. Damion Dooley poultry meat food product bovine meat food product bovine meat food product fungus food product A food product consisting of an edible fungi or mushroom or yeast. Damion Dooley fungus food product http://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0030-2016 http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8684 GRIN:10675 ITIS:22356 MANSFELD:3905 PLANTS:CILA3 http://eol.org/pages/584423 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1391 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai citrullus lanatus citrullus vulgaris colocynthis citrullus cucurbita citrullus datiro edible seed melon equisi kaffir melon momordica lanata watermelon plant invertebrate animal food product invertebrate animal food product Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. prepared prepared food product algal food product This food product type includes food products which are derived from a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms. http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F10419 subset_siren algal food product animal lipid food product fish food product A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). Damion Dooley fish food product avian food product avian food product dairy food product A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. Damion Dooley http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0242 dairy product milk product dairy food product milk or milk based food product milk or milk based food product Any plant food product which, typically, is constituted by intact parts from one or more annual plants cultivated as field and garden crops in the open and under glass, and used almost exclusively for food. vegetable food product obsolete: spinach plant true egg food product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. egg food product A food product from a category of domestic birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers including fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and waterfowls such as domestic ducks and geese and other meat birds such as pigeons and doves and games birds including pheasants. Damion Dooley poultry food product shellfish food product animal based refined or partially-refined food product animal based refined or partially-refined food product animal based salad food product animal based salad food product animal fat or oil refined food product animal fat or oil refined food product animal product based flavoring or seasoning animal product based flavoring or seasoning animal soup food product animal soup food product A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. food product component crab food product crustacean food product food flavoring or seasoning product human milk based food product A langostino food product is a food product encompassing a variety of species of prawn, crayfish or spot lobster depending on which speech community is involking it. Damion Dooley In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration allows "langostino" to be used as a market name for three species of squat lobster in the family Galatheidae: Cervimunida johni, Munida gregaria, and Pleuroncodes monodon. In Spain, it means some species of prawns. In Cuba and other Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the name langostino is also used to refer to crayfish. In Argentina the name is used to refer to Pleoticus muelleri, a kind of shrimp, while in Chile and Peru it refers to Pleuroncodes monodon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langostino] 2020-01-24T16:30:06Z langostino food product mollusk food product mollusc food product A food product made from what is generically known as spiny lobster. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiny_lobster palinurid spiny lobster food product A food product harvested from underground plant parts. plant root vegetable food product refined or partially-refined food product amphibian or reptile food product amphibian or reptile food product salad food product Damion Dooley notes: We can't say all soups are cooked there are many chilled soup recipes. soup food product tuna food product A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. Damion Dooley food product by organism Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance food material Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods), mollusks (chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses), annelids (earthworms and leeches), and cnidarians (hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals).[wikipedia] Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate animal invertebrate animal A class which contains food product categories qualified by a quality such as granularity or temperature, which is useful for tasks like food inspection where little prior knowledge of how the food came to be is available. Some terms like "food (frozen)" are both a quality descriptor and the output of a process. Damion Dooley food product by quality game animal food product Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world. In some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, as either "small game" or "large game" Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_(hunting) game animal food product A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. Damion Dooley 2019-01-23T22:40:32Z multi-ingredient The definition of this is being discussed in issue: https://github.com/FoodOntology/foodon/issues/57 Namely, how to characterize the threshold of ingredients that make for multi-component classification? Salt, pepper, spices wouldn't normally make a food multi-component? multi-component food product Taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus), also called European cattle, are a subspecies of domesticated cattle originating in the Near East. Both taurine cattle and indicine cattle (zebus) are descended from the aurochs. Taurine cattle were originally considered a distinct species, but are now typically grouped with zebus and aurochs into one species, Bos taurus. Most modern breeds of cattle are taurine cattle. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine_cattle 2019-01-28T02:41:04Z http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5186 taurine cattle An aquatic invertebrate may live entirely beneath the water, or may live upon its surface or on the plants surrounding it. Some breathe air, others breathe water. To move, they may walk, swim, float, skate, fly or glide on their bellies—or they may not move much at all. Because snails are members of gastropod, a subclass of molluscs, ... leading to aquatic invertebrates, we can't make aquatic invertebrates disjoint with terrestrial invertebrates. Damion Dooley https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/aquatic-invertebrate-facts 2019-04-29T19:23:38Z aquatic invertebrate Damion Dooley 2019-05-21T22:37:06Z Aves avian bird avian animal A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T09:18:41Z fats and oils oils and fats lipid food product animal tissue Damion Dooley 2019-06-26T22:21:52Z animal tissue Scallions (also known as green onions, spring onions, or salad onions) are vegetables of various Allium onion species. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallion 2019-06-27T19:33:30Z green onion salad onion spring onion scallion food product A Scad fish is any of several species of fishes in the family Carangidae (order Perciformes), which also includes the jacks, amberjacks, and pompanos. The name scad is usually restricted to certain species in the genera Decapterus, Selar, and Trachurus. The half dozen species are marine and occur along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, except for the Mexican scad (D. scombrinus), which is found in the Pacific Ocean.[Encyclopedia Britannica, December 05, 2017; accessed August 09, 2019] Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T16:12:10Z scad Yellowtail is a confusing name, as it can apply to flounder, tuna and sole. It’s also the common name for several species of amberjack, sleek migratory tuna-like fish found off both U.S. coasts. The most valuable member of this family is the yellowtail farmed in Japan and featured in U.S. sushi bars under the name hamachi Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T18:54:07Z yellowtail yellowtail fish The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Its different types are variously known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea, chana, and chole. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T21:21:05Z chickpea plant A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia. 2019-08-14T18:02:36Z animal Malus is a genus of about 30–55 species[3] of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple (M. pumila syn. M. domestica) – also known as the eating apple, cooking apple, or culinary apple. The other species are commonly known as crabapples, crab apples, crabtrees or wild apples 2019-08-25T15:37:56Z Malus group vegetarian food product A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine 2019-09-11T21:12:43Z vegetarian food vegetarian food product 2019-11-15T20:12:48Z hen In the United States, a langostino lobster food product is legislated to refer to one of three species of squat lobster in the family Galatheidae: Cervimunida johni, Munida gregaria, and Pleuroncodes monodon. 2020-01-24T16:30:06Z langostino lobster product (sensu USA) 2020-09-09T19:28:43Z Maize plant 2021-02-11T06:23:55Z scallion (whole) animal-derived food http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F2001 subset_siren animal-derived food http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F2008 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151) * has quality 'not heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440003) * derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174) vegetable (raw) human milk (raw) Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F3918 subset_siren human milk (raw) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F11126 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'not heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440003) food (raw) A raw scallion is a scallion plant possibly with root removed and leaves trimmed Damion Dooley http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CSA-Red-Spring-Onions.jpg/320px-CSA-Red-Spring-Onions.jpg SUBSET_SIREN:F11340 green onion scallion spring onion subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'whole, natural shape' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430150) * has quality 'not heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440003) * derives from 'whole plant or most parts used' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420150) scallion (whole, raw) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F11737 subset_siren processed food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15150 subset_siren mammalian milk product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F16579 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174) multi-component plant food product A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0139 compartmentalized dinner dinner with components separated in serving containers dinner, compartmentalized food packs with separate components heat and serve dinner multiple-course dinner tv dinner multicomponent meal (us cfr) Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from mammals. Used for meat in all forms including cured meat, sausage or luncheon meat and meat product analogs. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0150 meat or meat product (from mammal) (us cfr) Vegetables in all forms except where a use-related product type descriptior (such as *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT* or *SNACK FOOD*) takes precedence. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0152 vegetable or vegetable product (us cfr) Products of the flesh of animals. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0217 meat, poultry, seafood or related product (us cfr) Flesh from fish or shellfish. Includes seafood product analogs and seafood-based sausage or luncheon meat as well as such products as squid ink and clam juice. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0267 seafood or seafood product (us cfr) Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from poultry. Used for poultry meat in all forms including poultry product analogs and poultry-based sausage or luncheon meat. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0273 poultry or poultry product (us cfr) Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1270 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=87f720ce0d0b6c4548f4bbfd1f8e4c3d&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title21/21chapterI.tpl http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1001 pea plant edible seed cultivars *Archaeogastropoda* (also known as *Aspidobranchia*) was a taxonomic order of sea snails used in older classifications of gastropods, i.e. snails and slugs. *Archeogastropoda* are marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks, mainly mainly herbivores, typically having two gills and a double-chambered heart, with the eggs and sperm discharged directly into the water. They were traditionally regarded as a relatively primitive group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogastropoda] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1002 aspidobranchia archaeogastropod obsolete: southern bluefin tuna true obsolete: longtail tuna true Examples of stem vegetables are kohlrabi, celery, fennel and rhubarb. Examples of shoot vegetables are asparagus, hop, bamboo shoots and taugé. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1005 shoot vegetable stem or spear vegetable http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1006 fruit used as vegetable Having a skeleton made up mainly of cartilage, as any of a class (Chondrichthyes) of fishes (cartilaginous fish), including sharks, rays, and skates (Source: Webster's). http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2774522 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1007 chondrichthyes fish, cartilaginous *Mesogastropoda* was for many years a traditional taxonomic group of snails, an order. The order was composed mostly of sea snails, but it also included some land snails and freshwater snails, all of which were prosobranch gastropod mollusks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesogastropoda] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2441 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1008 mesogastropod http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1009 polysaccharide-producing plant *Neogastropoda* is a taxonomic order of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. *Neogastropoda* includes many well-known gastropods including the cone snails, conchs, mud snails, olive snails, oyster drills, tulip shells, and whelks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogastropoda] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1010 neogastropoda neogastropod http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1011 pectin-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1012 sugar-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1013 plant used for producing extract or concentrate http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1014 gum-producing plant hemicellulose-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1015 fiber-producing plant cellulose-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1016 starch-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1017 oil-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1018 vegetable-producing plant, root, tuber or bulb http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4267 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1019 alpine cranberry cowberry vaccinium vitis-idaea lingonberry plant Acipenseriformes is an order of basal ray-finned fishes that includes the sturgeons and paddlefishes, as well as some extinct families. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseriformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1020 acipenseriformes aciperseriformes fish, acipenseriform An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in the water for most or all of its lifetime. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1021 This is equivalent to: 'fish (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)' or 'crustacean (food source)' or 'echinoderm (food source)' or 'coelenterate (food source)' However, this disjunction appears to be a burden on reasoners, and so this is currently not implemented. fish or lower water animal http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1022 tropical or subtropical nut producing plant A flatfish is a member of the order Pleuronectiformes of ray-finned demersal fishes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward, and others face either side upward. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatfish] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5168 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1023 flat-fish flat-fishes flatfish flatfish, flounder flounders pleuronectiformes fish, pleuronectiform http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1024 tropical or subtropical fruit producing plant A family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and West and Central Pacific Ocean. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5169 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1025 soleidae true sole sole family obsolete: chinese waterchestnut plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1027 great northern bean plant http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:OIF http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1030 Soletellina diphos (Linnaeus 1771) hiatula diphos purple clam soletellina diphos diphos sanguin http://langual.org GRIN:319442 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1031 chinese pea edible-podded pea mangetout pea sugar pod garden pea The name mangetout (French for "eat all") can apply both to snow peas and to snap peas.[Wikipedia] pea plant edible pod cultivars http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1033 agar-agar agar plant obsolete: pacific ocean perch true obsolete: pacific littleneck clam true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1036 floret used as vegetable obsolete: northern horse mussel true obsolete: jerusalem artichoke plant true obsolete: tonka bean plant true The *Ictaluridae*, sometimes called ictalurids, are a family of catfish native to North America, where they are important food fish and sometimes as a sport fish. The family includes about 51 species, some commonly known as bullheads, madtoms, channel catfish, and blue catfish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictaluridae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5099 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1040 ictaluridae bullhead catfish family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1042 pea plant, smooth wrinkled crosses http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24776 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1043 scomber spp. mackerel http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24016 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1044 caranx spp. jack The sultana grape is cultivated in the United States under the name Thompson Seedless, named after William Thompson, a viticulturist who was an early grower in California and is sometimes credited with the variety's introduction. WIKIPEDIA:Thompson_Seedless http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13868 GRIN:41905 ITIS:28629 MANSFELD:3182 PLANTS:VIVI5 http://eol.org/pages/582304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1045 sultana grape plant Vitis vinifera L. thompson seedless grape plant obsolete: california mussel true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1047 grain or seed-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1048 carbohydrate-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1049 protein-producing plant obsolete: sea scallop true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8122 GRIN:319636 MANSFELD:23998 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1051 Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt brassica pekinensis brassica rapa var. pekinensis celery cabbage chinese cabbage heading chinese cabbage napa napa cabbage pe-tsai cabbage shantung cabbage chinese or celery cabbage plant *Prunus cerasus* (sour cherry, tart cherry, or dwarf cherry) is a species of *Prunus* in the subgenus *Cerasus* (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia. It is closely related to the sweet cherry (Prunus avium), but has a fruit that is more acidic. There are several varieties of the sour cherry: the dark-red morello cherry and the lighter-red varieties including the amarelle cherry, and the popular Montmorency cherry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_cerasus] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12268 GRIN:29866 ITIS:24773 MANSFELD:9206 PLANTS:PRCE http://eol.org/pages/242597 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1052 Cerasus vulgaris Mill. Prunus cerasus L. acid cherry morello cherry prunus cerasus tart cherry sour cherry plant obsolete: blue ring octopus true obsolete: red currant plant true The Valencia Orange is a sweet orange first hybridized by California pioneer agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill, on his farm in Santa Ana, United States. WIKIPEDIA:Valencia_orange http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8703 GRIN:10782 ITIS:28889 MANSFELD:7673 PLANTS:CISI3 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1056 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) california valencia orange plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1057 vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1058 vegetable-producing plant, most parts Shellfish is a food source and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found in freshwater. In addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example *Cardisoma guanhumi* in the Caribbean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1059 This is equivalent to: 'crustacean (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)' However, this has not been implemented due to reasoner performance on FoodOn. shellfish or crustacean *Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11805 GRIN:27632 GRIN:312013 ITIS:26857 MANSFELD:27559 PLANTS:PHVU http://eol.org/pages/645324 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1060 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris bush bean plant pole bean plant phaseolus vulgaris, edible pod cultivar (plant) *Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11805 GRIN:27632 GRIN:312013 ITIS:26857 MANSFELD:27559 PLANTS:PHVU http://eol.org/pages/645324 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1061 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris black bean (phaseolus) phaseolus vulgaris, edible seed cultivar (plant) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1062 temperate-zone nut producing plant A boysenberry is a cross between a European Raspberry (*Rubus idaeus*), a Common Blackberry (*Rubus fruticosus*), and a Loganberry (*Rubus × loganobaccus*) . WIKIPEDIA:Boysenberry http://langual.org GRIN:104968 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1063 Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey rubus hybr. rubus loganobaccus x laciniatus x idaeus rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. boysen boysenberry plant Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in two closely related genera in the family *Ericaceae: Gaylussacia* and *Vaccinium*. While some *Vaccinium* species, such as the Red Huckleberry, are always called huckleberries, other species may be called blueberries or huckleberries depending upon local custom. Similar Vaccinium species in Europe are called bilberries. Berries range in color according to species from bright red, through dark purple, and into the blues. In taste the berries range from tart to sweet, with a flavor similar to that of a blueberry, especially in blue/purple colored varieties. [Wikipedia : ] WIKIPEDIA:Huckleberries http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1064 gaylussacia spp. vaccinium spp. huckleberry plant obsolete: butter clam true A lime is a hybrid citrus fruit, which is typically round, lime green, 3-6 centimetres (1.2-2.4 in) in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles. There are several species of citrus trees whose fruits are called limes, including the Key lime (*Citrus aurantifolia*), Persian lime, kaffir lime, and desert lime. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C, sour and are often used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. They are grown year-round. Plants with fruit called "limes" have diverse genetic origins; limes do not form a monophyletic group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(fruit)] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8687 GRIN:10683 ITIS:506403 MANSFELD:7576 PLANTS:CIAU7 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1067 Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. & Panz.) Swingle Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Citrus ×aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (pro sp.) citrus aurantiifolia citrus medica var. acida indian lime key lime sour lime lime (citrus) plant obsolete: northern quahog true obsolete: bigeye tuna true obsolete: blackfin tuna true obsolete: black walnut tree true The sultana (also called the sultanina) is a type of white, seedless grape assumed to originate from the Turkish, Greek, or Iranian area. Unprocessed sultanas must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) *Vitis vinifera* L. Apyrena.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF] WIKIPEDIA:Sultana_(grape) http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13868 GRIN:41905 ITIS:28629 MANSFELD:3182 PLANTS:VIVI5 http://eol.org/pages/582304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1072 Vitis vinifera L. sultana sultana grape plant obsolete: yellowfin tuna true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/15276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1075 marine crayfish palinurus spp. palinurid spiny lobster obsolete: european bittersweet plant true obsolete: brook trout true "Slicing" or "globe" tomatoes are the usual tomatoes of commerce, used for a wide variety of processing and fresh eating. PLANTS:SOLY2 globe tomato plant obsolete: durum wheat plant true *Penaeidae* is a family of marine crustacean in the suborder *Dendrobranchiata*, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawn. It contains many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp, Atlantic white shrimp and Indian prawn. Many prawns are the subject of commercial fishery, and farming, both in marine settings, and in freshwater farms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeidae] WIKIPEDIA:Penaeus http://langual.org EC:No 216/2009 DCP http://eol.org/pages/7184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1081 Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888 Natantia dendrobranchiata natantia natantian decapods penaeid shrimps penaeidae penaeid shrimp family obsolete: field cress plant true A pine is any conifer in the genus *Pinus*, of the family *Pinaceae*. Some species have large seeds, called pine nuts, that are harvested and sold for cooking and baking. The soft, moist, white inner bark (cambium) found clinging to the woody outer bark is edible and very high in vitamins A and C. A tea made by steeping young, green pine needles in boiling water (known as tallstrunt in Sweden) is high in vitamins A and C. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11951 GRIN:300465 PLANTS:PINUS http://eol.org/pages/6747 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1083 Pinus Pinus L. Pinus spp. pinus pinus genus tree http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5126 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1084 scorpaenidae scorpionfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3196 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1085 Ictiobus Rafinesque, 1820 ictiobus spp. buffalofish *Sicyonia* is a genus of prawns, placed in its own family, *Sicyoniidae*. It differs from other prawns in that the last three pairs of its pleopods are uniramous, rather than biramous as seen in all other prawns. Sicyonia contains 52 extant species [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicyonia] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1086 rock shrimps sicyoniidae sicyoniid shrimp family obsolete: red snapper true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24767 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1090 jack and horse mackerel scad and horse mackerels trachurus spp. saurel *Prunus avium*, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry, or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, *Rosaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_avium] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12262 GRIN:29844 ITIS:24770 MANSFELD:9202 PLANTS:PRAV http://eol.org/pages/231737 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1091 Prunus avium (L.) L. prunus avium sweet cherry plant Brassica juncea, commonly brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard, is a species of mustard plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_juncea#Food http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8096 GRIN:7654 ITIS:23059 MANSFELD:24014 PLANTS:BRJU http://eol.org/pages/583919 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1092 Chinese mustard Oriental mustard brassica juncea indian mustard leaf mustard mustard spinach vegetable mustard Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. brown mustard brown mustard plant obsolete: hanasaki crab true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8104 GRIN:7671 ITIS:530957 MANSFELD:23925 PLANTS:BROLB http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1094 Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. brassica oleracea var. botrytis cauliflower plant A large rooted white skinned and fleshed variety popular in Belgium and France for forage for animals but also used for human consumption. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1095 belgian carrot plant http://langual.org ITIS:524635 ITIS:524636 PLANTS:RUIDI PLANTS:RUIDS2 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1096 Rubus idaeus L. ssp. idaeus Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus L. Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Rubus idaeus var. idaeus L. american red raspberry european red raspberry rubus idaeus western red raspberry red raspberry plant obsolete: pot marjoram plant true obsolete: brown rock shrimp true obsolete: black snapper true The black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean or goat pea, a legume, is a subspecies of the cowpea, grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-eyed_pea] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13842 GRIN:41647 ITIS:27018 PLANTS:VIUN http://eol.org/pages/655178 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1100 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata black-eyed bean blackeyed bean goat pea southern pea vigna unguiculata unguiculata blackeyed pea plant obsolete: bitter melon plant true http://langual.org GRIN:12571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1102 Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq. casaba melon plant obsolete: sand seatrout true obsolete: sweet potato plant true Pear tomato or teardrop tomato is the common name for any one in a group of indeterminate heirloom tomatoes. It originated in Europe in the 1700s. There are yellow, orange, and red varieties of this tomato; the yellow variety being most common. They are generally sweet, and are in the shape of a pear, but smaller. Pear tomatoes are commonly eaten raw, but can also be used as a garnish, as an ingredient in many different dishes and sauces, or in drinks. WIKIPEDIA:Pear_tomato http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1107 italian tomato lycopersicon lycopersicum var. pyriforme pear tomato plant obsolete: cherry salmon true obsolete: rainbow trout true obsolete: adzuki bean plant true obsolete: spotted tunny true obsolete: black skipjack true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1113 kidney bean plant http://langual.org savory http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1114 winter savory satureja montana winter savory plant obsolete: chum salmon true obsolete: pink salmon true obsolete: coho salmon true obsolete: lake herring true The family *Pandalidae* is a taxon of caridean shrimp. These species are commonly called pandalid shrimp. They are edible and have high economic value. They are characterised by the subdivided carpus of the second pereiopod and, mainly, by the lack of the chelae (claws) on the first pereiopod. This is a cold-water family, and their representation in tropical areas is made by deep-sea shrimp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandalidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7176 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1119 pandalid shrimps pandalid shrimps nei pandalidae pink shrimps pandalid shrimp family obsolete: bluefin tuna true *Rubus* is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, subfamily *Rosoideae*, with 250-700 species. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term "cane fruit" (or "cane-fruit") applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/30108 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1121 rubus spp. bramble berry plant A mammal that is primarily ocean-dwelling or depends on the ocean for its food. WIKIPEDIA:Marine_mammal http://langual.org Mammals originally evolved on land, but later marine mammals evolved to live back in the ocean. There are five groups of marine mammals: (1) Order Sirenia: the manatee, dugong, and sea cow. (2) Order Carnivora, family Ursidae: the polar bear. (3) Order Carnivora, infrafamily Pinnipedia: the seal, sea lion, and walrus. (4) Order Carnivora, family Mustelidae: the Sea Otter and Marine Otter. (5) Order Cetacea: the whale, dolphin, and porpoise. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1122 cetacea marine mammal http://langual.org savory GRIN:33176 MANSFELD:16404 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1123 satureja hortensis summer savory Satureja hortensis L. summer savory plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1124 clupeidae herring family Guineafowl are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7592 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1125 original fowl pet speckled hen guinea hen numididae guinea fowl http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24383 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1126 oncorhynchus salmon, pacific pacific salmon obsolete: black mustard plant true obsolete: sockeye salmon true *Salmonidae* is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, which collectively are known as the salmonids. The Atlantic salmon and trout of the genus *Salmo* give the family and order their names. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1129 salmonidae trout and salmon family obsolete: english walnut tree true obsolete: english sole true obsolete: chinook salmon true Persian melon, binomial name *Cucumis melo*, is a type of melon. It is orange in color and has a strongly netted, unridged rind. It is also known as the "Patelquat". WIKIPEDIA:Persian_melon http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1133 persian melon plant Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1134 mammal Numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1135 freshwater snails marine snails sea snails water snail Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae http://langual.org In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. [Wikipedia] ITIS:180722 MSW3:14200054 http://eol.org/pages/328663 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1136 porcine sus domesticus sus scrofa sus scrofa domesticus Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 hog pig swine http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1137 merluccius productus pacific hake pacific whiting http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8897 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1138 Squatina Duméril, 1806 squatina spp. angel shark genus Rutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, is a family of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales. Citrus is a common term and genus (*Citrus*) of flowering plants in the rue family, *Rutaceae*. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar (Burma) and the Yunnan province of China. Citrus fruit has been cultivated in an ever-widening area since ancient times; the best-known examples are the oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes. WIKIPEDIA:Rutaceae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1139 rutaceae citrus family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1140 fruit-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1141 white pepper white pepper plant Aquatic animals other than fish and shellfish http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1142 aquatic invertebrate animal (excluding shellfish) obsolete: northern pike true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8245 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1144 cheilopogon spp. cypselurus spp. exocoetus spp. hirundichthys spp. parexocoetus spp. flyingfish * Ocimum minimum* is a species of plant in the *Lamiaceae* family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_minimum] http://langual.org GRIN:70463 http://eol.org/pages/4302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1145 Ocimum minimum L. dwarf basil ocimum minimum bush basil http://langual.org GRIN:4234 MANSFELD:23561 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1146 Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. armoracia lapathifolia horseradish plant obsolete: american shad true obsolete: white mustard plant true obsolete: northern white shrimp true obsolete: malabar nightshade plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1151 white popcorn plant obsolete: white perch true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1063 FAO ASFIS:REG http://eol.org/pages/5126 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1153 Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) golden redfish norway haddock ocean perch rockfish (ocean perch) sebastes marinus redfish or ocean perch *Trichiurus* is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family *Trichiuridae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlassfish] http://langual.org AFNS 2009 37:440901 http://eol.org/pages/5194 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1154 Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758 Trichiurus spp. hairtail fish trichiurus spp. cutlassfish The *Ariidae* or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5115 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1155 ariidae sea catfish family A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family *Fabaceae* (or *Leguminosae*). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1156 fabaceae pod or seed vegetable plant Gadiformes are an order of ray-finned fish, also called the Anacanthini, that includes the cod and its allies. Many major food fish are in this order. They are found in marine waters throughout the world and the vast majority of the species are found in temperate or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water). A few species may enter estuaries but only one, the burbot (*Lota lota*), is a freshwater fish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5496 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1157 gadiformes fish, gadiform obsolete: sweet basil plant true *Ribes* is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually treated as the only genus in the family *Grossulariaceae*. Seven subgenera are recognized. WIKIPEDIA:Ribes http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38348 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1159 ribes spp. ribes berry plant http://langual.org obsolete: cattle true obsolete: pomegranate plant true *Palaemonidae* is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Two subfamilies are distinguished: *Palaemoninae* and *Pontoniinae*. *Palaemoninae* are mainly carnivores that eat small invertebrates and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. The most significant genus is *Macrobrachium*, which contains commercially fished species. *Pontoniinae* inhabit coral reefs [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonidae] http://langual.org CEC 1993:1236 http://eol.org/pages/7171 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1163 Palaemonidae freshwater prawns freshwater shrimps palaemonid shrimps palaemonidae palaemonid shrimp family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1164 agnatha fish, jawless obsolete: muskellunge true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:665 FAO ASFIS:HOM ITIS:168588 http://eol.org/pages/206048 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1166 Trachurus trachurus Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) scad trachurus trachurus atlantic horse mackerel http://langual.org GRIN:1227 MANSFELD:7306 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1167 Acer saccharum Marsh. sugar maple plant obsolete: gray snapper true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1169 green olive plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1170 black olive plant Turnip greens = turnip tops = turnip salad = Hanover greens. Damion Dooley http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8123 GRIN:7687 ITIS:23063 PLANTS:BRRA http://eol.org/pages/583898 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1171 brassica rapa var. perviridis hanover greens turnip greens turnip tops Brassica rapa L. Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey turnip salad turnip greens plant obsolete: garbanzo bean plant true http://langual.org GRIN:36628 MANSFELD:16336 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1173 Thymus serpyllum L. thymus serpyllum thyme, wild (plant) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1174 edible seed producing plant A green leafy vegetable http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8007 GRIN:7057 MANSFELD:276 PLANTS:BEVUC http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1175 Beta vulgaris L. ssp. cicla (L.) W.D.J. Koch Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L. Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla (L.) Koch Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris beta vulgaris var. cicla leaf beet mangold silver beet spinach beet swiss chard chard plant Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to south and southwest Asia. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1176 kalojeere kalonji nigella black caraway black cumin nigella sativa nutmeg flower roman coriander black cumin plant obsolete: yellow perch true The Muscat variety of grapes of the species *Vitis vinifera* is widely grown for wine, raisins and table grapes. Unprocessed dried muscatel grapes must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) Vitis vinifera L. muscatel.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF] WIKIPEDIA:Muscat_grape http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13868 GRIN:41905 ITIS:28629 MANSFELD:3182 PLANTS:VIVI5 http://eol.org/pages/582304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1178 Vitis vinifera L. muscat grape muscat grape plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1179 flavor-producing plant herb-producing plant spice or flavor-producing plant obsolete: dungeness crab true obsolete: yam, tropical (plant) true obsolete: southern tanner crab true http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flock_of_sheep.jpg/316px-Flock_of_sheep.jpg http://eol.org/pages/39510 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1183 mutton (meat) ovis spp. sheep The *Moronidae* are a family of perciform fishes, commonly called the temperate basses, consisting of at least six freshwater, brackish water, and marine species. The members of this family are most commonly found near the coastal regions of eastern North America (including the Gulf of Mexico), northern Africa, and Europe. The family includes the genera *Morone* and *Dicentrarchus*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moronidae] The members of the family *Percichthyidae* are known as the temperate perches. They belong to the order Perciformes, the perch-like fishes. Almost 40 species of percichthyids are now recognised, grouped in 10 genera. Most but not all are exclusively freshwater fishes. They are mainly found in Australia, but species are also found in southern South America (Percichthys) and eastern Asia (Coreoperca and Siniperca). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_perch] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1184 moronidae percichthyidae temperate bass families In the United Kingdom and the United States, "butter beans" refers to either dried beans which can be purchased to rehydrate, or the canned variety which are ready to use. In culinary use there, lima beans and butter beans are distinct, the latter being large and yellow, the former small and green. In areas where both are considered to be lima beans, the green variety may be labelled as "baby" (and less commonly "junior") limas. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11804 GRIN:27591 ITIS:26850 MANSFELD:27587 PLANTS:PHLU2 http://eol.org/pages/645300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1185 Phaseolus lunatus L. baby lima bean plant Also known as borlotti bean in Italy, the cranberry bean has a large, knobby beige pod splotched with red. The beans inside are cream-colored with red streaks and have a delicious nutlike flavor. Cranberry beans must be shelled before cooking. Heat diminishes their beautiful red color. They're available fresh in the summer and dried throughout the year. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1186 borlotti bean shell bean shellout phaseolus vulgaris cranberry bean plant obsolete: white seabass true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1188 cusparia trifoliata galipea officinalis angostura tree Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several squash species within the genus Cucurbita. It differs from summer squash in that it is harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage when the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this fruit can be stored for use during the winter. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1189 curcurbita winter squash Cucurbita moschata Cucurbita pepo cucurbita maxima winter squash plant http://langual.org GRIN:12606 MANSFELD:4153 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1190 Cucurbita pepo L. cucurbita pepo yellow crookneck squash yellow squash summer squash plant http://langual.org GRIN:28589 MANSFELD:9964 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1191 Piper nigrum L. black pepper malabar black pepper black pepper plant obsolete: black currant plant true Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange refers to a citrus tree (*Citrus × aurantium*) and its fruit. Many varieties of bitter orange are used for their essential oil, and are found in perfume, used as a flavoring or as a solvent. The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_orange] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8688 GRIN:10684 ITIS:28884 MANSFELD:7658 PLANTS:CIAU8 PLANTS:CIAUA http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1193 Citrus aurantium L. Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium Citrus ×aurantium L. (pro sp.) Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. aurantium bigarade bitter orange citrus aurantium citrus aurantium var. aurantium citrus vulgaris seville orange sour orange plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1194 head vegetable http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25511 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1195 dogfish shark spurdog squalus spp. spiny dogfish Cultivated cowpeas are known by the common names black-eyed pea, southern pea, yardlong bean, catjang, and crowder pea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea] http://langual.org GRIN:300675 ITIS:27018 PLANTS:VIUN http://eol.org/pages/655178 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1196 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata vigna unguiculata crowder pea plant http://langual.org GRIN:21664 MANSFELD:15206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1197 Laurus nobilis L. bay laurel leaf bay leaf laurel laurus nobilis bay plant A chicken younger than 10 weeks old (previously younger than 13 weeks), of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and flexible breastbone cartilage. https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1198 broiler broiler chicken fryer chicken broiler or fryer chicken Thyme is an aromatic perennial evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The most common variety is *Thymus vulgaris*. Thyme is of the genus Thymus of the mint family (*Lamiaceae*), and a relative of the oregano genus *Origanum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyme] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13523 GRIN:311993 GRIN:36631 MANSFELD:16318 PLANTS:THYMU http://eol.org/pages/4302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1199 Thymus Thymus L. Thymus spp. Thymus vulgaris L. thyme, common thyme, white thymus spp thymus vulgaris thyme plant The cowpea (*Vigna unguiculata*) is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus *Vigna. Due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall it is an important crop in the semi-arid regions across Africa and other countries. It requires very few inputs, as the plants root nodules are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it a valuable crop for resource poor farmers and well-suited to intercropping with other crops. The whole plant is used as forage for animals, with its use as cattle feed likely responsible for its name. Four subspecies of cowpea are recognised, of which three are cultivated. Cultivated cowpeas are known by the common names black-eyed pea, southern pea, yardlong bean, catjang, and crowder pea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea] http://langual.org GRIN:300675 GRIN:41647 ITIS:27018 MANSFELD:27303 PLANTS:VIUN http://eol.org/pages/655178 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1200 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. unguiculata vigna sinensis vigna unguiculata cowpea plant A dairy cow is an adult female member of a dairy cattle breed http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1201 cow domesticated cattle dairy cow obsolete: pawpaw plant true obsolete: dove true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/99403 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1204 aplodinotus spp. river drum thunderpumper freshwater drum genus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2351 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1205 calamari loliginidae squid A plum is a fruit of the subgenus *Prunus* of the genus *Prunus*. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc.) in the shoots having terminal bud and solitary side buds (not clustered), the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum http://langual.org GRIN:29888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1206 Prunus domestica L. plum plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1208 squash plant obsolete: date plant true http://langual.org GRIN:5113 MANSFELD:13652 PLANTS:GOSSY http://eol.org/pages/61160 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1210 Gossypium L. gossypium spp. cotton plant obsolete: citron plant true obsolete: lychee plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1213 nut producing plant obsolete: nutmeg plant true obsolete: lotus plant true The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Potato_plants.jpg/640px-Potato_plants.jpg GRIN:103137 ITIS:505272 MANSFELD:5808 PLANTS:SOSU http://eol.org/pages/482935 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1218 Solanum tuberosum L. irish potato solanum tuberosum white potato potato plant obsolete: common oat plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1220 Insecta insecta insect obsolete: cashew plant true Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1222 fish Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats. These groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams, which are often more or less rounded or oval. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussel http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/CornishMussels.JPG/640px-CornishMussels.JPG palaeoheterodonta pteriomorphia http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1223 mytilidae mussel Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. True oysters are members of the family *Ostreidae*. This family includes the edible oysters, which mainly belong to the genera *Ostrea, Crassostrea, Ostreola, Magallana, Saccostrea*. Pearl oysters are not closely related to true oysters, being members of a distinct family, the feathered oysters (*Pteriidae*). Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2267 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1224 ostreidae crassostrea spp. ostrea spp. pteriidae oyster A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus *Rosa*, in the family *Rosaceae*, or the flower it bears. There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12605 GRIN:300516 PLANTS:ROSA5 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1225 Rosa Rosa L. Rosa spp. rosa rosaceae rosae rose plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13063 GRIN:33749 ITIS:505186 MANSFELD:10138 PLANTS:SEOR4 http://eol.org/pages/4428 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1226 simsim Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum orientale L. sesamum indicum sesamum orientale sesame plant The carrot (*Daucus carota* subsp. *sativus*) is a root vegetable, usually orange, purple, red, white, or yellow in colour, with a crisp texture when fresh. The edible part of a carrot is a taproot. It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot *Daucus carota*, native to Europe and southwestern Asia. It has been bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot, but is still the same species. [Wikipedia] \n\n*Daucus carota* (common names include wild carrot, (UK) bird's nest, bishop's lace, and (US) Queen Anne's lace) is a flowering plant in the family *Apiaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, southwest Asia and naturalised to northeast North America; domesticated carrots are cultivars of a subspecies, *Daucus carota* subsp. *sativus*. Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young, but quickly becomes too woody to consume. [Wikipedia] http://langual.org daucus carota GRIN:13337 GRIN:300172 GRIN:446682 ITIS:29477 ITIS:524845 ITIS:524846 MANSFELD:1080 http://eol.org/pages/581785 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1227 baby carrot plant bird's nest queen anne's lace wild carrot plant Daucus L. Daucus carota L. Daucus carota L. subsp. carota Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. Daucus carota ssp. carota L. Daucus carota ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. LanguaL curation note: Use for both wild and domesticated (garden) carrot. The is some disagreement concerning the scientific name. carrot plant obsolete: common carp true http://langual.org ITIS:180691 MSW3:14100015 http://eol.org/pages/328648 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1229 Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 equus caballus horse http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10323 GRIN:317403 ITIS:40874 MANSFELD:33890 PLANTS:HOVU http://eol.org/pages/1114455 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1230 Hordeum vulgare L. hordeum vulgare barley plant A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Berries are typically juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants. The scientific usage of the term "berry" differs from common usage. In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). The definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas. Fruits excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits, and mulberries, which are multiple fruits. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1231 berry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13973 GRIN:311987 ITIS:42269 MANSFELD:36372 PLANTS:ZEMA http://eol.org/pages/1115259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1232 Zea mays L. Zea mays subsp. mays maize zea mays LanguaL curation note: Use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereals or snack foods having 'corn' as the main ingredient. Zia mays plant obsolete: garlic plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25595 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1234 calamus spp. porgy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:200 FAO ASFIS:SPR ITIS:161789 http://eol.org/pages/607993 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1235 Sprattus sprattus Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Sprattus sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) clupea sprattus european sprat sprattus sprattus sprat The turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris, which is native to the Americas. Males of both turkey species have a distinctive fleshy wattle or protuberance that hangs from the top of the beak (called a snood). They are among the largest birds in their ranges. As in many galliformes, the male is larger and much more colorful than the female. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/18523 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1236 turkey meleagris spp. turkey (bird) http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2602479 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1237 caridea crangonidae palaemondidae penaeidae prawn shrimp http://langual.org GRIN:316592 MANSFELD:23971 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1238 Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa brassica rapa var. rapifera turnip plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25872 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1239 opisthonema spp. thread herring obsolete: turbot true obsolete: okra plant true Turtles are reptiles of the order *Testudines* (the crown group of the superorder *Chelonia*), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield.Species of the zoological order *Chelonia*. WIKIPEDIA:Turtle http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8120 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1242 chelonia malaclemys terrapin testudines turtle http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25445 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1243 istiophorus spp. makaira spp. tetrapturus spp. marlin obsolete: loquat plant true An apple tree (Malus pumila species in genus Malus), is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, providing sweet, edible fruit. Malus pumila encompasses over 7,500 apple cultivars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11049 GRIN:104681 MANSFELD:8860 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1245 Malus domestica Borkh. malus communis malus domestica pyrus malus Malus pumila encompasses over 7,500 apple cultivars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars). apple tree Capparis spinosa, the caper bush, also called Flinders rose, is a perennial plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers. The plant is best known for the edible flower buds (capers), often used as a seasoning, and the fruit (caper berries), both of which are usually consumed pickled. Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:8897 MANSFELD:24347 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1247 Capparis spinosa L. capparis spinosa caper plant Rapeseed (*Brassica napus*), also known as rape, oilseed rape, charlock (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family *Brassicaceae* (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed] http://langual.org GRIN:311781 MANSFELD:24078 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1248 brassica napus rape plant Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg. var. napus canola canola plant oilseed rape plant rapeseed plant obsolete: papaya plant true The taxonomies given vary widely. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1250 capsicum capsicum annuum green or red pepper plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2822835 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1251 tetraoninae grouse A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order *Anura*. The use of the common names "frog" and "toad" has no taxonomic justification. From a classification perspective, all members of the order *Anura* are frogs, but only members of the family *Bufonidae* are considered "true toads". The use of the term "frog" in common names usually refers to species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic and have smooth, moist skins; the term "toad" generally refers to species that are terrestrial with dry, warty skins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1553 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1252 anura rana catesbiana rana esculenta rana japonica rana nigromaculata rana pipiens rana sylvatica ranidae salientia toad frog Geese are waterfowl belonging to the tribe Anserini of the family *Anatidae*. This tribe comprises the genera *Anser* (the grey geese), *Branta* (the black geese) and *Chen* (the white geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the shelducks, have "goose" as part of their names. More distantly related members of the family *Anatidae* are swans, most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks, which are smaller.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/18070 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1253 anser spp. branta spp. chen spp. goose http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1254 trifolium spp. clover plant http://langual.org GRIN:50069 MANSFELD:12338 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1255 Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry caryophyllus eugenia aromatica syzygium aromaticum clove plant obsolete: spot croaker true obsolete: moose true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1258 salmo except salmo salar trout http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/58242 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1259 busycon strombus spp. conch obsolete: ginkgo tree true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9845 GRIN:300219 ITIS:29509 MANSFELD:1536 PLANTS:FOVU http://eol.org/pages/585008 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1262 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. foeniculum vulgare fennel plant obsolete: giant freshwater prawn true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/13109 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1264 sarda spp. bonito Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13983 GRIN:42254 ITIS:42402 MANSFELD:3222 PLANTS:ZIOF http://eol.org/pages/987032 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1265 Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae zingiber officinale ginger plant common banana dessert banana french plantain musa sapientum sweet banana common banana plant *Mentha* is a genus of plants in the family *Lamiaceae* (mint family). It is estimated that 13 to 18 species exist, and the exact distinction between species is still unclear. Hybridization between some of the species occurs naturally. The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution across Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and North America. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual herbs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11147 GRIN:313210 PLANTS:MENTH http://eol.org/pages/4302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1267 Mentha Mentha L. Mentha spp. mentha spp. mint plant http://langual.org GRIN:21739 MANSFELD:30720 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1268 Lens culinaris Medik. lens culinaris lentil plant Damion Dooley Thunnus is a genus of ocean-dwelling, ray-finned bony fish from the mackerel family, Scombridae. More specifically, Thunnus is one of five genera which make up the tribe Thunnini – a tribe that is collectively known as the tunas http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2804369 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1269 thunnini true tuna tuna obsolete: mango plant true The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily *Bambusoideae* of the grass family *Poaceae*. Although the shoots (new culms that come out of the ground) of bamboo contain a toxin taxiphyllin (a cyanogenic glycoside) that produces cyanide in the gut, proper processing renders them edible. They are used in numerous Asian dishes and broths, and are available in supermarkets in various sliced forms, in both fresh and canned versions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo] http://langual.org GRIN:312261 IT IS:193439 MANSFELD:18979 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1271 Bambusa Schreb. Bambusa spp. bambusa spp. bamboo plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12275 GRIN:29890 ITIS:24775 MANSFELD:9421 http://eol.org/pages/231567 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1272 Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber prunus amygdalus prunus communis prunus dulcis LanguaL curation note: When indexing the almond fruit (drupe), index both *ALMOND [B2721]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). almond tree http://langual.org GRIN:12617 MANSFELD:1199 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1274 Cuminum cyminum L. cuminum cyminum cumin plant The lemon, *Citrus limon *(L.) Osbeck, is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia. The tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world, primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning uses. The pulp and rind (zest) are also used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5% to 6% citric acid, with a pH of around 2.2, giving it a sour taste. The distinctive sour taste of lemon juice makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8694 GRIN:10732 ITIS:28885 MANSFELD:7625 PLANTS:CILI5 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1275 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil. Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f. (pro sp.) citrus limon citrus medica var. limonum lemon plant The word "tomato" may refer to the plant (*Solanum lycopersicum*) or the edible, typically red, fruit that it bears. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates.See also the list of tomato cultivars WIKIPEDIA:List_of_tomato_cultivars http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10985 GRIN:101442 ITIS:521671 ITIS:529044 MANSFELD:6054 PLANTS:SOLY2 http://eol.org/pages/392557 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1276 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill. Solanum lycopersicum L. gold apple love apple lycopersicon esculentum lycopersicon lycopersicum solanum lycopersicum tomato plant http://langual.org GRIN:3412 MANSFELD:1571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1277 Anethum graveolens L. anethum dill plant An eel is any fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species. Most eels are predators. The term "eel" (originally referring to the European eel) is also used for some other similarly shaped fish, such as electric eels and spiny eels, but these are not members of the Anguilliformes order. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1278 anguillidae congridae nettastomatidae eel obsolete: kola tree true A male swine castrated before sexual maturity. 2020-04-01T23:10:20Z barrow Kale (also called Borecole) is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group) in which the central leaves do not form a head. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. The Cultivar Group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically. Kale can be classified by leaf type: Curly leaved (Scots kales), Plain leaved, Rape kale, Leaf and spear (a cross between curly leaved and plain leaved kale), Cavolo nero (also known as black cabbage, Tuscan kale, Lacinato and dinosaur kale) WIKIPEDIA:Kale) http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8115 GRIN:319629 ITIS:23062 MANSFELD:23870 http://eol.org/pages/583899 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1281 Brassica oleracea L. Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L. Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L. brassica oleracea cole kale plant http://langual.org GRIN:300034 MANSFELD:1212 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1282 wild celery Apium graveolens L. apium graveolens var. dulce celery plant Melon is a name given to various members of the plant family *Cucurbitaceae* with sweet flavored, fleshy fruit e.g. gourds or cucurbits. Melon can be referred as a plant or a fruit. Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of muskmelons. WIKIPEDIA:Melon http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38795 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1283 cucumis spp. melon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13277 GRIN:35331 ITIS:182142 PLANTS:SPDU3 http://eol.org/pages/596822 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1284 Spondias dulcis Parkinson Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson golden apple otaheite ambarella spondias cytherea spondias dulcis wi tree ambarella plant obsolete: common millet plant true The *Arecaceae* are a botanical family of perennial climbers, shrubs, acaules and trees commonly known as palm trees (owing to historical usage, the family is alternatively called Palmae). They are flowering plants, a family in the monocot order Arecales. Currently 181 genera with around 2600 species are known, most of them restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Arecaceae have great economic importance, including coconut products, oils, dates, palm syrup, ivory nuts, carnauba wax, rattan cane, raffia, and palm wood. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8193 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1286 arecaceae palm plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24151 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1287 mugil spp. gray mullet obsolete: pili tree true *Juglans* is a plant genus of the family *Juglandaceae*, the seeds of which are known as walnuts. WIKIPEDIA:Juglans http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38394 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1290 juglans spp. LanguaL curation note: When indexing the walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *WALNUT [B1290]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). walnut tree http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25222 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1291 hake merluce merluza urophycis spp. codling obsolete: elk true WIKIPEDIA:Esox http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25461 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1293 esox spp. pike An edible perennial species (Allium schoenoprasum) of the genus Allium which is widespread in nature across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. Damion Dooley http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7329 GRIN:2369 ITIS:42636 MANSFELD:85 PLANTS:ALSC http://eol.org/pages/1084938 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1294 allium schoenoprasum wild chives Allium schoenoprasum L. chive plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1295 Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 cobra ophidia serpentes serpents snake Anise (Pimpinella anisum), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:28395 MANSFELD:1373 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1296 anise aniseed common anise pimpinella anisum Pimpinella anisum L. anise plant vertebrate animal A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Damion Dooley http://langual.org animal http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1297 LanguaL curation note: For a unicellular animal, use *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE*. vertebrate animal http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/30000 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1298 cydonia spp. quince plant http://langual.org GRIN:25555 MANSFELD:11672 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1299 Olea europaea L. manzanilla olive olea europaea olive plant The onion (*Allium cepa *L), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus *Allium*. Its close relatives include the garlic, shallot, leek, chive,[2] and Chinese onion. This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion (*Allium fistulosum*), the tree onion (*A. ×proliferum*), and the Canada onion (*Allium canadense*). The name "wild onion" is applied to a number of *Allium* species, but *A. cepa* is exclusively known from cultivation. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7304 GRIN:300022 PLANTS:ALLIU http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1300 Allium Allium L. Allium sp. allium spp. bulb onion cebolla garden onion onion plant obsolete: fig plant true *Salvia* is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the *Lamiaceae, Salvia* is part of the tribe *Mentheae* within the subfamily *Nepetoideae*. It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes the widely produced herb used in cooking, *Salvia officinalis* (common sage, or just "sage"). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12761 GRIN:310089 GRIN:32950 MANSFELD:16755 PLANTS:SALVI http://eol.org/pages/4302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1303 Salvia Salvia L. Salvia officinalis L. Salvia spp. salvia salvia spp sage plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7978 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1304 columbidae squab pigeon A plant species of Coffea. Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:300141 MANSFELD:2900 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1305 mountain coffee Coffea arabica L. coffea arabica arabica coffee plant A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus *Prunus*, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). The cherry fruits of commerce usually are obtained from cultivars of a limited number of species such as the sweet cherry (*Prunus avium*) and the sour cherry (*Prunus cerasus*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29913 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1306 prunus spp. cherry plant obsolete: hog plum plant true The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of *Allium ampeloprasum*, the broadleaf wild leek. The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leek] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7324 GRIN:2351 ITIS:532057 MANSFELD:200 PLANTS:ALPO2 http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1308 Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum Allium porrum L. allium ampeloprasum var. porrum allium porrum garden leek leek plant The beet (*Beta vulgaris*) is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in *Amaranthaceae* family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet. However, other cultivated varieties include the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet, as well as the root vegetables sugar beet, which is important in the production of table sugar, and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivated varieties fall into the subspecies *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris*, while *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *maritima*, commonly known as the sea beet, is the wild ancestor of these, and is found throughout the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Near East, and India. A second wild subspecies, *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *adanensis*, occurs from Greece to Syria. WIKIPEDIA:Beta_vulgaris http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8005 GRIN:300073 ITIS:20681 PLANTS:BEVU2 http://eol.org/pages/585884 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1309 common beet Beta vulgaris L. beetroot beta vulgaris beet plant obsolete: longfin smelt true Ziziphus jujuba, commonly called jujube; sometimes jujuba, red date, Chinese date, Korean date, or Indian date is a species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). It is a small deciduous tree or shrub, usually with thorny branches. The fruit is an edible oval drupe. The freshly harvested, as well as the candied dried fruit, are often eaten as a snack, or with coffee. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujube http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/59534 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1311 ziziphus spp. jujube plant Wheat (*Triticum* spp.) is a domesticated grass from the Levant that is cultivated worldwide. Major cultivated species of wheat: * Common wheat or Bread wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) A hexaploid species that is the most widely cultivated in the world. * Durum (*Triticum durum*) The only tetraploid form of wheat widely used today, and the second most widely cultivated wheat. * Einkorn (*Triticum monococcum*) A diploid species with wild and cultivated variants. Domesticated at the same time as emmer wheat, but never reached the same importance. * Emmer (*Triticum dicoccon*) A tetraploid species, cultivated in ancient times but no longer in widespread use. * Spelt (*Triticum spelta*) Another hexaploid species cultivated in limited quantities. WIKIPEDIA:Wheat http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1312 triticum spp. wheat plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12952 GRIN:317600 ITIS:42090 PLANTS:SECE http://eol.org/pages/1115159 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1313 Secale cereale L. secale cereale rye plant Endive, *Cichorium endivia*, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads... There are two main varieties of cultivated *C. endivia*: Curly endive, or frisée (var *crispum*) and Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var *latifolia*). WIKIPEDIA:Endive http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cichorium_endivia_-_Botanischer_Garten_Mainz_IMG_5453.JPG/640px-Cichorium_endivia_-_Botanischer_Garten_Mainz_IMG_5453.JPG DPNL 2003:8651 GRIN:10542 ITIS:501522 MANSFELD:31969 PLANTS:CIEN http://eol.org/pages/488332 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1314 Cichorium endivia L. cichorium endivia endive plant http://langual.org GRIN:30857 MANSFELD:24313 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1315 Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino raphanus sativus radish plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8027 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1316 anatidae duck http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1317 cardiidae cockle http://langual.org GRIN:400137 MANSFELD:5328 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1318 Theobroma cacao L. theobroma cacao cacao plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3196 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1319 Catostomus Lesueur, 1817 catostomus spp. sucker obsolete: pecan tree true *Oryza sativa*, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. *Oryza sativa* contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained *japonica* or *sinica* variety, and the nonsticky, long-grained *indica* variety. Rice occurs in a variety of colors, including white, brown, black, purple, and red rices. Black rice (also known as purple rice) is a range of rice types, some of which are glutinous rice. Varieties include Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryza_sativa] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11528 GRIN:26077 ITIS:41976 MANSFELD:20986 PLANTS:ORSA http://eol.org/pages/1115098 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1322 Oryza sativa L. asian rice lowland rice oryza sativa upland rice rice plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1689 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1323 leporidae oryctolagus spp. sylvilagus spp. rabbit Any grass cultivated (grown) for the edible components of its grain. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1324 grain plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/42276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1325 castor spp. beaver http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1326 early june pea pea, smooth skin cultivars Commonly used in canning. alaska pea plant *Acacia* is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily *Mimosoideae* of the family *Fabaceae*. Acacias are also known as thorntrees, whistling thorns or wattles. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1327 acacia spp. wattle acacia (genus) plant http://langual.org ITIS:180715 MSW3:14200776 http://eol.org/pages/328660 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1328 caprine Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 capra hircus goat *Vitis* (grapevines) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family *Vitaceae*. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13866 http://eol.org/pages/38383 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1329 Vitis vitis spp. grape plant Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/LittleNeck_clams_USDA96c1862.jpg http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1331 clam obsolete: arctic char true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12335 GRIN:30205 ITIS:27240 MANSFELD:12287 PLANTS:PSGU http://eol.org/pages/2508593 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1333 Psidium guajava L. abas apple guava common guava guabang guayaba kautonga kuahpa pisidium guajava psidium spp. yellow guava guava plant obsolete: guar plant true Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder *Brachyura*, which typically have a very short projecting "tail", usually entirely hidden under the thorax. They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws. Many other animals with similar names - such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice - are not true crabs. Crabs are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin, and armed with a single pair of chelae (claws). Crabs are found in all of the world's oceans, while many crabs live in fresh water and on land, particularly in tropical regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1335 brachyura short-tailed crabs true crabs crab http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1336 crambe abyssinica crambe plant obsolete: peanut plant true http://langual.org GRIN:300472 MANSFELD:30744 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1338 Pisum sativum L. green pea plant lathyrus l. pisum l. pea plant *Citrus × sinensis*, also known as the *Citrus aurantium* Sweet Orange Group, includes the commonly cultivated sweet orange, blood oranges, and navel oranges. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8703 GRIN:10782 ITIS:28889 MANSFELD:7673 PLANTS:CISI3 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1339 batavian orange tree citrus sinensis mozambique orange tree sweet orange tree tight-skinned orange tree west african sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) orange plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24884 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1340 raja spp. ray skate http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7666 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1341 phocidae true seal seal family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1342 LanguaL curation note: Use only, when no other information is available. shark http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1343 whale The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pear are valued for their edible fruit and juices while others are cultivated as trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12395 GRIN:30474 ITIS:25295 MANSFELD:8689 PLANTS:PYCO http://eol.org/pages/414311 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1344 Pyrus communis L. pyrus communis pear plant Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally considered in the order *Galliformes*. Old World quail are found in the family *Phasianidae*, and New World quail are found in the family *Odontophoridae*. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7590 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1346 galliformes odontophoridae phasianidae quail obsolete: plant http://langual.org obsolete: plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1348 Alosa Linck, 1790 alosa spp. shad river herring Calves are the young of domestic cattle. Calves are reared to become adult cattle, or are slaughtered for their meat, called veal. WIKIPEDIA:Calf http://langual.org calf http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1349 calves veal cattle calf http://langual.org obsolete: peach tree true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1351 wax bean plant http://langual.org GRIN:431678 MANSFELD:2228 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1352 Manihot esculenta Crantz manihot esculenta yuca cassava plant Wide, semi-hot variety used in Hungarian cuisine. Frequently pickled. Also commonly dried, ground and presented as "Paprika". WIKIPEDIA:List_of_capsicum_cultivars http://langual.org GRIN:311784 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1353 Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum capsicum annuum var. longum hungarian paprika hungarian pepper paprika paprika, hungarian hungarian wax pepper plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5381 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1354 Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758 ammodytes spp. sandeel sand lance Vanilla, the vanilla orchids, forms a flowering plant genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (*Orchidaceae*). The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (*V. planifolia*), native to Mexico, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. The fruit is termed "vanilla bean", though true beans are fabaceaen eudicots not at all closely related to orchids. Rather, the vanilla fruit is technically an elongate, fleshy and later dehiscent capsule 10-20 cm long. It ripens gradually for 8 to 9 months after flowering, eventually turning black in color and giving off a strong aroma. Each pod contains thousands of minute seeds, and both the pods and seeds within are used to create vanilla flavoring. Vanilla beans are harvested by hand from commercial orchards. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_(genus)] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13764 GRIN:312480 GRIN:41111 MANSFELD:11314 PLANTS:VANIL http://eol.org/pages/8156 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1355 Vanilla Vanilla Mill. Vanilla planifolia Andr. Vanilla spp. french vanilla vanilla fragrans vanilla spp vanilla plant Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:28390 MANSFELD:12263 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1356 Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. pimenta pimenta officinalis allspice plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13948 GRIN:300683 ITIS:500788 ITIS:506625 PLANTS:TRRI8 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1358 X Triticosecale X Triticosecale Wittm. X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm. X Triticosecale sp. ×Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm. rye-wheat hybrid x triticosecale triticale plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1359 lucerne medicago sativa alfalfa plant obsolete: acerola plant true Succotash (from Narragansett sohquttahhash, "broken corn kernels") is a food dish consisting primarily of sweet corn with lima beans or other shell beans. Other ingredients may be added including tomatoes, green or sweet red peppers, and okra. Combining a grain with a legume provides a dish that is high in all essential amino acids. Damion Dooley http://langual.org corn and lima beans lima bean and corn lima bean and sweet corn lima beans and corn http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1361 succotash obsolete: rock bass true *Rheum* is a genus of about 60 perennial plants in the family *Polygonaceae*. The genus includes the vegetable rhubarb (*Rheum rhabarbarum* or *Rheum x hybridum*). A number of varieties of rhubarb have been domesticated both as medicinal plants and for human consumption. While the leaves are toxic, the stalks are used in pies and other foods for their tart flavor. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_(plant)] http://langual.org MANSFELD:9537 http://eol.org/pages/61521 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1364 rheum spp. rhubarb plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1365 osteichthyes fish, bony Ceratonia siliqua, commonly known as the carob tree or carob bush, from Arabic خَرُّوبٌ (kharrūb) and Hebrew חרוב (haruv), St John's-bread, or locust bean (not to be confused with the African locust bean), or simply locust-tree, is a species of flowering evergreen shrub or tree in the pea family, Fabaceae http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1366 ceratonia siliqua locust bean carob bean plant *Vicia faba*, the Broad Bean, is a species of bean (*Fabaceae*) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: Vicia faba var. equina Pers. - Horse Bean. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some botanists treat it in a separate monotypic genus *Faba*. The term fava bean (from the Italian fava, meaning "broad bean") is usually used in English speaking countries such as the US, however the term broad bean is the most common name in the UK. WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba http://langual.org vicia faba DPNL 2003:13823 GRIN:300661 ITIS:26339 MANSFELD:30416 PLANTS:VIFA http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1367 faba bean plant fava bean plant horse bean plant horsebean plant Vicia faba L. Vicia faba L. (varieties for human consumption) broad bean plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1368 pinto bean plant Kohlrabi is a biennial vegetable, a low, stout cultivar of wild cabbage. It is the same species as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, and gai lan. It can be eaten raw or cooked. Edible preparations are made with both the stem and the leaves. Despite its common names, it is not the same species as turnip. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8108 GRIN:7676 ITIS:530960 MANSFELD:23859 PLANTS:BROLG2 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1369 Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L. Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L. brassica oleracea var. gongylodes kohlrabi plant obsolete: sugar beet plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1371 snap bean plant string bean plant stringless bean plant green bean plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1372 phaseolus lunatus sieva bean plant Crustaceans form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2598871 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1374 crustacea crustacean Wild rice (also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) is four species of grasses forming the genus *Zizania*, and the grain which can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China. While it is now something of a delicacy in North America, the grain is eaten less in China, where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable. WIKIPEDIA:Wild_rice http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13988 GRIN:403525 MANSFELD:21064 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1375 Zizania Zizania L. Zizania aquatica L. rice, wild water oats zizania spp. wild rice plant obsolete: skipjack tuna true *Angelica*, is a genus of about 60 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Some species are grown as flavoring agents or for their medicinal properties. The most notable of these is garden angelica (*A. archangelica*), which is commonly known simply as angelica. Natives of Lapland use the fleshy roots as food and the stalks as medicine. Crystallized strips of young angelica stems and midribs are green in colour and are sold as decorative and flavoursome cake decoration material, but may also be enjoyed on their own. The roots and seeds are sometimes used to flavor gin. Its presence accounts for the distinct flavor of many liqueurs, such as Chartreuse. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7522 GRIN:3415 GRIN:402396 MANSFELD:1655 PLANTS:ANGEL http://eol.org/pages/4200 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1377 Angelica Angelica L. Angelica archangelica L. Angelica spp. angelica archangelica angelica spp angelica plant http://langual.org GRIN:32617 MANSFELD:35616 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1378 Saccharum officinarum L. saccharum officinarum sugar cane plant Field corn is maize of varieties that (in contrast with sweet corn and popcorn) are not, in the United States, grown primarily for consumption as human food in the form of fresh kernels. More than 98% of corn-growing land in the U.S. is in use for field-corn production. Principal field corn varieties are Dent corn, Flint corn, Flour corn (including blue corn (*Zea mays amylacea*), and Waxy corn. WIKIPEDIA:Field_corn http://langual.org GRIN:311987 PLANTS:ZEMAM2 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1379 Zea mays L. ssp. mays Zea mays L. subsp. mays Zea mays ssp. mays L. corn, field dent corn flint corn maize podcorn zea mays var. indentata (not acc.) zea mays var. indurata (not acc.) Field corn is a general term used in North America for corn varieties other than sweet corn, popcorn, yellow food grade corn used for yellow corn meal or flour and corn starch, and white food-grade corn used for white meal or flour and corn starch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn LanguaL curation note: Searching note--use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereal or snack food having 'corn' as the first ingredient. field corn plant Sweet corn (*Zea mays* convar. *saccharata* var. *rugosa*; also called Indian corn, sugar corn, and pole corn) is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy. WIKIPEDIA:Sweet_corn http://langual.org ITIS:42269 http://eol.org/pages/1115259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1380 Zea mays L. golden corn sugar corn sweet corn zea mays var. rugosa vegetable corn plant http://langual.org GRIN:11523 MANSFELD:1118 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1381 Coriandrum sativum L. chinese parsley cilantro coriandrum sativum coriander plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2822977 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1382 odontophorinae perdicinae perdrix partridge http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5188 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1383 xiphiidae swordfish family obsolete: lingcod true Collard greens are various loose-leafed cultivars of *Brassica oleracea* (Acephala Group), the same species as cabbage and broccoli. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, edible leaves and as a garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, Portugal, the southern United States, many parts of Africa, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, southern Croatia, Spain and in Pakistan, as well as in Kashmir region of both India and Pakistan. They are classified in the same cultivar group as kale and spring greens, to which they are closely similar genetically. The name "collard" is a shortened form of the word "colewort" (cabbage plant). WIKIPEDIA:Borekale http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:7679 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1385 Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis L. borekale brassica oleracea var. viridis cow cabbage fodder kale portuguese kale collard plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1386 gaultheria procumbens wintergreen spice wintergreen plant A trailing, prickly hybrid between a blackberry and a dewberry (*Rubus ursinus* cv. Young) of the rose family, cultivated in the western United States. http://langual.org GRIN:104971 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1388 Rubus Hybr. rubus hybr. rubus ursinus cv. young youngberry plant Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the *Sciuridae*. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa and have been introduced to Australia. WIKIPEDIA:Squirrel http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8703 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1389 sciuridae squirrel Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an annual plant of the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettuce http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10656 GRIN:21360 ITIS:36607 PLANTS:LASA3 http://eol.org/pages/468144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1390 Lactuca sativa L. lactuca sativa lettuce plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1392 sardinella spp. sardinella http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29917 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1393 fragaria spp. strawberry plant obsolete: gooseberry plant true obsolete: mung bean plant true Menhaden, also known as mossbunker, bunker and pogy, are forage fish of the genera Brevoortia and Ethmidium, two genera of marine fish in the family Clupeidae. WIKIPEDIA:Menhaden http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24695 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1396 Ethmidium Thompson, 1916 brevoortia spp. ethmidium spp. menhaden *Phaseolus lunatus*, commonly known as the lima bean, butter bean, sieva bean, or Madagascar bean[citation needed], is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11804 GRIN:27591 GRIN:300449 ITIS:26850 MANSFELD:27587 PLANTS:PHLU2 http://eol.org/pages/645300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1397 butter bean plant madagascar bean plant phaseolus lunatus Phaseolus lunatus L. Phaseolus lunatus L. var. lunatus phaseolus limensis lima bean plant obsolete: walleye pike true obsolete: pike perch true Phytolacca americana, also known as pokeweed, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the dragonweed family Phytolaccaceae growing up to 8 ft (2.4m) in height. It has simple leaves on green to red or purplish stems and a large white taproot. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/39080 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1400 american dragon berries american pokeweed dragon berries dragon sallet poke salad phytolacca spp. pokeberry pokeweed plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12671 GRIN:104968 ITIS:506229 PLANTS:RULO11 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1401 Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey Rubus loganobaccus L.H. Bailey Rubus loganobaccus L.H.Bailey rubus loganobaccus rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. logan loganberry plant obsolete: alewife true obsolete: european elder plant true Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It is a creeping vine that bears cucumiform fruits that are used as vegetables. There are three main varieties of cucumber: slicing, pickling, and seedless. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber http://langual.org GRIN:12580 MANSFELD:3698 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1404 Cucumis sativus L. ssp. sativus cucumis sativus cucumber plant obsolete: buckwheat plant true Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy blue, red (purple), or white (pale blue) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8101 GRIN:7668 ITIS:23062 ITIS:526963 PLANTS:BROL http://eol.org/pages/583899 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1406 Brassica oleracea L. Brassica oleracea var. oleracea L. brassica oleracea varieties cabbage plant http://langual.org GRIN:419819 ITIS:504851 MANSFELD:8156 PLANTS:RUFR80 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1407 Rubus fruticosus L. Rubus fruticosus aggregate rubus fruticosus european blackberry plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/32566 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1408 abalones nei haliotis spp. abalone The species of this genus are known as crappies and are extremely popular game fish. The genus has two species the white and black crappie. Crappie of both species are sometimes referred to as papermouths, calico bass, and strawberry bass. Both species of crappie feed on minnows as adults. Both species spawn in the early spring when the water temperature nears 64 to 68 degrees. Crappie create a nest in fine silt or gravel, and the nests are often congregated in very high densities in shallow waters. ( WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie) http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/27527 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1409 pomoxis spp. crappie obsolete: American butterfish true obsolete: needlefish true obsolete: paddlefish true A root vegetable that originated as a cross between the cabbage and the turnip. The roots are eaten in a variety of ways, and the leaves can be eaten as a leaf vegetable. http://langual.org GRIN:7663 MANSFELD:24068 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1413 Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg var. napobrassica brassica napobrassica var. solidflora brassica napus var. napobrassica neep snagger swede swedish turnip rutabaga plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1414 Clupea Linnaeus, 1758 clupea spp. herring http://langual.org GRIN:300050 MANSFELD:25827 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1415 Asparagus officinalis L. asparagus officinalis asparagus plant obsolete: pistachio plant true obsolete: california needlefish true Hard wheat (red or white) are varieties of common wheat with high protein (gluten) content used for bread. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1418 bread wheat triticum aestivum hard wheat plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25735 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1419 lepomis spp. sunfish Soft wheat (red or white) are lower protein (gluten), higher starch varieties used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits and muffins. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1421 triticum aestivum soft wheat plant obsolete: sheepshead true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/13122 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1423 gadus spp. cod Turmeric is a flowering plant, Curcuma longa of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, the roots of which are used in cooking. http://langual.org GRIN:12676 MANSFELD:3244 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1425 Curcuma longa L. curcuma domestica curcuma longa turmeric plant The *Scombridae* family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily *Scombrinae*, except the butterfly kingfish, which is the sole member of subfamily *Gasterochismatinae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scombridae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5210 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1426 scombridae mackerel family obsolete: swordfish true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13450 GRIN:80051 ITIS:36213 ITIS:524742 ITIS:524743 MANSFELD:32135 PLANTS:TAOF PLANTS:TAOFC PLANTS:TAOFO http://eol.org/pages/1278264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1428 Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Schinz ex Thell. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. officinale Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg., s.l. Taraxacum officinale aggregate Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Taraxacum officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller taraxacum dandelion plant The mandarin orange (*Citrus reticulata*), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification. Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids generally have these traits to a lesser degree. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8702 GRIN:10778 ITIS:28888 MANSFELD:7687 PLANTS:CIRE3 http://eol.org/pages/582204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1429 Citrus reticulata Blanco citrus deliciosa citrus nobilus citrus reticulata citrus unshia fremont loose-skinned orange tangerine tree mandarin orange tree http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/23896 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1430 argentina spp. silver smelts argentine http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/26338 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1431 hexagrammos spp. greenling obsolete: wreckfish true The term shellfish is used both broadly and specifically. For regulatory purposes it is often narrowly defined as filter-feeding molluscs such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else. Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1433 Covers both freshwater and saltwater organisms shellfish obsolete: spearmint plant true Amelanchier, also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry, or just sarvis, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum or wild-plum, and chuckley pear, is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the Rose family (*Rosaceae*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelanchier] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29970 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1435 amelanchier spp. serviceberry shadbush sugarplum juneberry plant A Prunus persica cultivar lacking the fuzz (fruit-skin trichomes) that peach-skin has; it is thought that a mutation in a single gene (MYB25) is responsible for the hair or no-hair difference between the two. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12290 MANSFELD:9406 PLANTS:PRPEN http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1436 fuzzless peach shaved peach Persica vulgaris var. nectarina (Aiton) Holub Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K.Schneid. prunus persica var. nucipersica nectarine tree obsolete: sablefish true obsolete: black sea bass true Plantain is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus *Musa*. The fruit they produce is generally used for cooking, in contrast to the soft, sweet banana (which is sometimes referred to as the dessert banana). There is a formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains based on its structure and genus/species. cooking banana french plantain plantain plantain (musa) plant obsolete: saithe true obsolete: haddock true obsolete: red hake true Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'oeuvre trays. Broccoli is classified in the *Italica* cultivar group of the species *Brassica oleracea*. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species. WIKIPEDIA:Broccoli http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8104 GRIN:105447 ITIS:530957 MANSFELD:37506 PLANTS:BROLB http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1443 Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. brassica oleracea l. convar. botrytis var. italica brassica oleracea var. botrytis brassica oleracea var. italica broccoli plant http://langual.org GRIN:3595 MANSFELD:1048 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1444 Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. anthriscus cerefolium chervil plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1446 LanguaL curation note: This term is only kept for backward compatibility. DO NOT USE for new indexing. obsolete: escarole plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/40060 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1447 diospyros spp. persimmon plant http://langual.org obsolete: sorghum plant true obsolete: peppermint plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7622 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1450 didelphidae opossum Macadamia is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family *Proteaceae*, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species), New Caledonia (one species *M. neurophylla*) and Sulawesi in Indonesia (one species, *M. hildebrandii*). The fruit is a very hard woody globose follicle with a pointed apex, containing one or two seeds. WIKIPEDIA:Macadamia http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/61654 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1451 macadamia nut macadamia spp. LanguaL curation note: When indexing the macadamia fruit (seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). macadamia plant obsolete: soybean plant true obsolete: butternut tree true http://langual.org ITIS:42269 http://eol.org/pages/1115259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1454 Zea mays L. popping corn zea mays var. praecox popcorn plant A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_snail] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/57691 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1455 garden snail snail, garden helix spp. snail, land land snail field pumpkin pumpkin plant http://langual.org ITIS:176086 http://eol.org/pages/1049263 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1457 gallus domesticus gallus gallus domesticus Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) chicken http://langual.org GRIN:101312 MANSFELD:5937 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1458 Solanum melongena L. aubergine solanum melongena eggplant plant obsolete: saffron plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7591 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1460 Phasianus Linnaeus, 1758 phasianus spp. pheasant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/18666 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1461 procyon spp. raccoon The zucchini or courgette is a summer squash which can reach nearly a meter in length, but which is usually harvested at half that size or less. Along with certain other squashes, it belongs to the species Cucurbita pepo. Zucchini can be dark or light green. A related hybrid, the golden zucchini, is a deep yellow or orange color. courgette cucurbita pepo var. melopepo cv. zucchini zucchini plant obsolete: brazil nut plant true http://langual.org GRIN:19801 MANSFELD:15224 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1464 Illicium verum J.D. Hook illicium verum star anise plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1465 acipenser spp. scaphirhynchus spp. sturgeon The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) is a variety of a species of thistle cultivated as a food. The edible portion of the plant consists of the flower buds before the flowers come into bloom. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9112 GRIN:12839 MANSFELD:31795 PLANTS:CYCA PLANTS:CYSC2 http://eol.org/pages/4206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1466 French artichoke plant cynara cardunculus cynara scolymus globe artichoke plant green artichoke plant Cynara cardunculus L. Cynara scolymus L. artichoke plant obsolete: spanish lime plant true http://langual.org GRIN:4282 MANSFELD:32343 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1469 Artemisia dracunculus L. tarragon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11773 GRIN:27393 ITIS:18154 MANSFELD:15043 PLANTS:PEAM3 http://eol.org/pages/596888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1470 Persea americana Mill. Persea americana P. Mill. abogado aguacate palta persea americana persea gratissima avocado plant The European cantaloupe is lightly ribbed, with a gray-green skin that looks quite different from that of the North American cantaloupe. C. melo var. cantalupensis Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin Cucumis melo cantalupensis european cantaloupe plant *Cinnamomum* is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, *Lauraceae*. The species of *Cinnamomum* have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains over 300 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North America, Central America, South America, Asia, Oceania, and Australasia. The inner bark of several species is used to make the spice, cinnamon. Other notable species are *C. tamala*, used as the herb malabathrum (also called tejpat and Indian bay leaf), and *C. camphora*, from which camphor is produced. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8665 DPNL 2003:8668 GRIN:317548 GRIN:70183 ITIS:501529 MANSFELD:15093 PLANTS:CINNA2 PLANTS:CIVE2 http://eol.org/pages/490672 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1472 Cinnamomum Cinnamomum Schaeff. Cinnamomum spp. Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Cinnamomum verum J.Presl cassia cinnamomum cinnamomum verum cinnamomum zeylanicum cinnamon plant The tangelo, *Citrus* × tangelo, is also widely known as the honeybell. Tangelo is a citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a tangerine and either a pomelo or a grapefruit. WIKIPEDIA:Tangelo http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8707 GRIN:102894 ITIS:506398 PLANTS:CITA http://eol.org/pages/483520 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1473 Citrus X tangelo J. Ingram & H. Moore Citrus x tangelo J. W. Ingram & H. E. Moore Citrus x tangelo J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore Citrus ×tangelo J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore citrus tangelo citrus x tangelo tangelo plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1474 comello plant Pompanos are marine fishes in the genus Trachinotus in the family Carangidae (better known as "jacks"). Pompano may also refer to various other, similarly shaped members of the Carangidae, or the order Perciformes. Their appearance is deep-bodied and mackerel-like, typically silver and toothless, with a forked tail and narrow base. Of the 20 described species, most are valued as food. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/26259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1475 trachinotus spp. pompano http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/39511 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1476 bubalus buffalo obsolete: sweetsop plant true Scallions - also known as green onions, spring onions, salad onions, green shallots, onion sticks, long onions, baby onions, precious onions, yard onions, gibbons, or syboes - are the edible plants of various *Allium* species, all of which are "onion-like", having hollow green leaves and lacking a fully developed root bulb. The Welsh onion (*Allium fistulosum*) does not form bulbs even when mature, and is grown in the West almost exclusively as a scallion or salad onion, although in Asia this species is of primary importance and used both fresh and in cooking. "Scallion" is also used for young plants of the common onion (*Allium cepa* var. *cepa*) and shallot (*Allium cepa* var. *aggregatum*, formerly *Allium ascalonicum*), harvested before bulbs form, or sometimes when slight bulbing has occurred. Most of the cultivars grown in the West primarily as salad onions or scallions belong to *Allium cepa* var. *cepa*. Other species sometimes used as scallions include *Allium ×proliferum* and *Allium ×wakegi*. WIKIPEDIA:Scallion http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1478 green shallot long onion onion stick salad onion baby onion gibbon green onion precious onions spring onion syboe yard onion scallion plant http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:252 FAO ASFIS:TRS ITIS:161997 http://eol.org/pages/206777 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1479 Salmo trutta Salmo trutta Berg 1908 Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 salmo trutta salmo trutta trutta sea trout trutta marina brown trout obsolete: soursop plant true Antelope is a term referring to many even-toed ungulate species found all over the world in places such as Africa, Asia, and North America. The term refers to a "miscellaneous" group within the family encompassing the old-world species which are not cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, or goats. WIKIPEDIA:Antelope http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1481 hippotragus spp. neotragus spp. tetracerus spp. antelope obsolete: natal plum plant true http://langual.org GRIN:406685 MANSFELD:1805 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1483 Pastinaca sativa L. pastinaca sativa parsnip plant obsolete: pineapple plant true Sugar palm is a common name for several species of palms used to produce sugar. Species used include: *Arenga pinnata* (syn. *A. saccharifera) ; Borassus flabellifer ; Caryota urens ; Cocos nucifera. * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_palm] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1485 sugar palm plant http://langual.org The field pea plant is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for at least 7,000 years. GRIN:311566 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1486 P. sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch. pisum sativum var. arvense field pea plant obsolete: sweet pea plant true Malus coronaria, also known by the names sweet crabapple or garland crab, is a North American species of Malus (crabapple). It grows primarily in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ohio Valley, with outlying populations as far away as Alabama, eastern Kansas, Long Island, and Ontario.[ http://langual.org GRIN:23225 ITIS:25257 PLANTS:MACO5 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1488 Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. malus coronaria sweet crabapple plant Scallop is a common name that is primarily applied to any one of numerous species of saltwater clams or marine bivalve mollusks in the taxonomic family Pectinidae, the scallops. However, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families within the superfamily Pectinoidea, which also includes the thorny oysters. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallop http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1489 pectinidae Argopecten irradians Pecten laquaetus pecten aequiscleatus scallop obsolete: american dewberry plant true Blueberries are flowering plants of the genus *Vaccinium* (a genus which also includes cranberries and bilberries) with dark-blue berries and are perennial. Species in the section Cyanococcus are the most common fruits sold as "blueberries" and are native to North America (they were not introduced into Europe until the 1930s). WIKIPEDIA:Blueberry http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4267 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1491 Vaccinium L. vaccinium spp. cyanococcus group blueberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11319 GRIN:25072 ITIS:22993 MANSFELD:23589 PLANTS:NAOF http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1492 Nasturtium officinale R.Br. Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek nasturtium officinale rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum watercress plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1493 sassafras albidum sassafras plant The raspberry is the edible fruit of a number of species of the genus *Rubus*. The name originally refers in particular to the European species Rubus idaeus, and is still used for that species as its standard English name in its native area. Other species, mostly closely related in the same subgenus Idaeobatus, also called raspberries subsequently include: * Rubus strigosus (American Raspberry) (syn. R. idaeus var. strigosus) * Rubus arcticus (Arctic Raspberry) * Rubus crataegifolius (Korean Raspberry) * Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry) * Rubus odoratus (Flowering Raspberry) * Rubus phoenicolasius (Wine Raspberry) * Rubus leucodermis (Whitebark or Western Raspberry, native: Blue Raspberry) WIKIPEDIA:Raspberry http://langual.org PLANTS:RUBUS http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1494 Rubus L. rubus raspberry plant http://langual.org GRIN:32207 MANSFELD:15692 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1495 Rosmarinus officinalis L. rosmarinus officinalis rosemary plant Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24209 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1496 grouper fish epinephelus spp. grouper obsolete: snow crab true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KCA http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1498 Lithodes ferox Filhol 1885 lithodes ferox king crab *Xanthosoma sagittifolium*, the arrowleaf elephant ear or arrowleaf elephant's ear, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus *Xanthosoma*, which produces an edible, starchy tuber. WIKIPEDIA:Xanthosoma_sagittifolium http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13955 GRIN:42090 ITIS:42586 PLANTS:XASA2 http://eol.org/pages/1127738 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1499 Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott arum sagittifolium malanga ocumo tanier tannia tanyah xanthosoma xanthosoma sagittifolia xanthosoma sagittifolium yautia arrowleaf elephant ear plant http://langual.org ITIS:180693 http://eol.org/pages/7685 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1500 cervid cervidae deer family *Morus *, a genus of flowering plants in the family *Moraceae *, comprises 10-16 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions. The closely related genus *Broussonetia * is also commonly known as mulberry, notably the paper mulberry, *Broussonetia papyrifera *. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_(plant)] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/72690 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1501 morus spp. mulberry plant UGLI is the trademark of Cabel Hall Citrus Limited and under which they sell their Jamaican tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is *Citrus reticulata* × *Citrus paradisi*. WIKIPEDIA:Ugli http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1502 citrus reticulata × citrus paradisi ugli fruit obsolete: lake trout true obsolete: breadfruit plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1505 homarus spp. panulirus spp. lobster obsolete: albacore true The grapefruit (*Citrus × paradisi*) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (*C. sinensis*) and pomelo or shaddock (*C. maxima*), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the "forbidden fruit"; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8706 GRIN:10772 ITIS:28887 MANSFELD:7654 PLANTS:CIPA3 http://eol.org/pages/582202 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1507 Citrus X paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.) Citrus paradisi Macfad. Citrus x paradisi Macfad. Citrus ×paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.) citrus paradisi citrus x paradisi grapefruit plant obsolete: american cranberry plant true obsolete: reindeer true http://langual.org ITIS:168888 http://eol.org/pages/596447 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1510 Lutjanus Bloch, 1790 Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 common snapper lutjanus spp. snapper obsolete: dover sole true obsolete: bluefish true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1513 daikon plant raphanus sativus longipinnatus chinese radish plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2322 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1514 octopodidae polypus octopus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/37668 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1515 poppy papaver poppies poppy plant obsolete: king mackerel true http://langual.org GRIN:19415 MANSFELD:22995 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1517 Humulus lupulus L. humulus hops plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1518 istiophoridae billfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/28124 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1519 anarhichas spp. wolffish http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25099 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1520 caulolatilus spp. tilefish obsolete: sailfish true obsolete: pyrus pyrifolia true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1524 serranidae sea bass family obsolete: muskrat true The genus *Ribes* includes the edible currants (blackcurrant, redcurrant, white currant), the gooseberry, and several hybrid varieties. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1528 edible currant plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12261 GRIN:29841 ITIS:24769 MANSFELD:9372 PLANTS:PRAR3 http://eol.org/pages/301091 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1529 Prunus armeniaca L. prunus armeniaca apricot tree Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English) (*Citrus japonica*) are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus *Fortunella*, or placed within *Citrus sensu lato*. The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (*Citrus sinensis*), but it is much smaller, being approximately the size and shape of a large olive. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumquat] http://langual.org ITIS:500284 PLANTS:FORTU http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1530 Fortunella Swingle fortunella spp. kumquat plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1531 capsicum annum spanish paprika pepper pimiento pepper plant http://langual.org Hippoglossus http://eol.org/pages/23978 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1532 hippoglossus spp. reinhardtius spp. halibut The hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8880 DPNL 2003:8881 GRIN:11643 GRIN:300151 ITIS:501642 MANSFELD:21811 PLANTS:COAV80 PLANTS:CORYL http://eol.org/pages/1147599 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1533 Corylus Corylus spp. corylus hazelnut Corylus L. corylus avellana corylus maxima filbert filbert nut hazel LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hazel fruit (nut) index both *HAZEL [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelnut european filbert plant obsolete: yellowtail true Agave is a genus of monocots native to the hot and arid regions of Mexico and the Southwestern United States. Some agave species are also native to tropical areas of South America. Some species are known by the name "century plant". Agave tequilana, agave azul or blue agave, is used in the production of tequila. Agave nectar, also called agave syrup, a sweetener derived from Agave sap, is used as an alternative to sugar in cooking, and can be added to breakfast cereals as a binding agent. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1535 agave plant obsolete: coconut palm plant true obsolete: white-tailed deer true The shallot is a type of onion, specifically a botanical variety of the species *Allium cepa*. The shallot was formerly classified as a separate species,* A. ascalonicum*, a name now considered a synonym of the currently accepted name. Like garlic, shallots are formed in clusters of offsets with a head composed of multiple cloves. The skin colour of shallots can vary from golden brown to gray to rose red, and their off-white flesh is usually tinged with green or magenta. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallot] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7310 GRIN:101652 ITIS:42720 MANSFELD:110 http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1538 Allium cepa L. Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G.Don allium cepa var. aggregatum shallot plant In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit, stone or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. WIKIPEDIA:Drupe http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1539 drupe pit fruit stone fruit plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24821 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1540 sphyraena spp. barracuda obsolete: oregano plant true Beech (*Fagus*) is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family *Fagaceae*, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. The fruit of the beech tree is known as beechnuts or mast and is found in small burrs that drop from the tree in autumn. It is small, roughly triangular and edible, with a bitter, astringent taste. WIKIPEDIA:Beech http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/107351 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1543 beech nut tree fagus spp. LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *BEECH [B1543]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). beech tree http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/107742 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1544 castanea spp. LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHESTNUT [B1544]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). chestnut tree obsolete: jackfruit tree true obsolete: kawakawa true obsolete: sunflower plant true obsolete: safflower plant true http://langual.org GRIN:9245 MANSFELD:1333 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1549 Carum carvi L. carum carvi cumin des pres kummel caraway plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1550 Petroselinum J. Hill petroselinum spp. parsley plant A plant cultivated for its ornamental flower, edible root, and herbal properties. It also grows wild in many places and is one of the most widely known species of the salsify genus, Tragopogon. Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:36817 MANSFELD:32164 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1551 Jerusalem star common salsify goatsbeard oyster plant purple salsify salsify tragopogon porrifolius vegetable oyster Tragopogon porrifolius L. salsify plant Common chicory, *Cichorium intybus*, is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Various varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. *sativum*), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America and Australia, where it has become naturalized. "Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (*Cichorium endivia*); these two closely related species are often confused. WIKIPEDIA:Chicory http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8653 GRIN:10543 ITIS:36763 MANSFELD:31967 PLANTS:CIIN http://eol.org/pages/467862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1552 Cichorium intybus L. belgian endive cichorium intybus monk's beard witloof chicory chicory plant Trees in the genus *Carya* are commonly known as hickory, derived from the Powhatan language of Virginia.Hickory nuts (*Carya*) and walnuts (*Juglans*) in the *Juglandaceae* family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, and thus not true botanical nuts. "Tryma" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes. WIKIPEDIA:Hickory http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38128 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1553 carya spp. LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hickory fruit (tryma/drupaceous nut) index both *HICKORY [B1553]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). hickory tree obsolete: argentine anchovy true *Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11805 GRIN:27632 GRIN:312013 ITIS:26857 MANSFELD:27559 PLANTS:PHVU http://eol.org/pages/645324 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1555 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phaseolus vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris phaseolus vulgaris plant *Cinnamomum burmannii*, also known as Indonesian cinnamon, Padang cassia, Batavia cassia, or korintje, is one of several plants in the genus *Cinnamomum* whose bark is sold as the spice cinnamon. The most common and cheapest type of cinnamon in the US is made from powdered *C. burmannii*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_burmannii] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8667 ITIS:501525 PLANTS:CIBU2 http://eol.org/pages/483595 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1556 Cinnamomum burmanii Bl. Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & Th. Nees) Nees ex Blume batavia cassia cinnamomum burmannii padang cassia batavia cassia plant Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perch http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24007 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1557 freshwater perch perca spp. perch http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1558 pilchard sardina sardinops sardine obsolete: dwarf banana plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1560 pea bean plant navy bean plant obsolete: red banana plant (Ensete ventricosum) true "Fordhook 242", bush type lima bean; 75 days, 1945 All-American Selection winner. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11804 GRIN:27591 ITIS:26850 MANSFELD:27587 PLANTS:PHLU2 http://eol.org/pages/645300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1562 Phaseolus lunatus L. large lima bean lima bean, large fordhook lima bean plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1563 fjerkrae gamebird fowl game birds poultry or game bird order= obolibrary:FOODON_03411297 # vertebrate obolibrary:FOODON_00002452 # invertebrate obolibrary:PO_0000003 # whole plant obolibrary:FOODON_03411301 # algae obolibrary:FOODON_03411261 # fungae obolibrary:FOODON_03412345 # lichen This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1564 This was LanguaL definition: Individual plant or animal from which the food product or its major ingredient is derived; also a chemical food source [FDA CFSAN 1995]. food product organismal source Aalmonid fish of the genus Coregonus that differ from other members of the genus in having upper and lower jaws of approximately equal length and high gill raker counts. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2777741 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1565 cisco coregoninae whitefish or cisco Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, salad greens, pot herbs, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_vegetable http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1566 leafy green leafy vegetable plant A bean plant is one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which has seed pods, seeds, and/or leaf material used for human or animal food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1567 bean plant Latundan bananas (also called Tundan, Silk bananas, Pisang raja sereh, Manzana bananas or Apple bananas), are triploid hybrid banana cultivars from the Philippines. It is one of the most common banana cultivars in the Philippines, along with the Lacatan and Saba bananas. WIKIPEDIA:Apple_Banana http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1568 apple banana plant obsolete: chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) true obsolete: atlantic spanish mackerel true obsolete: chinese cinnamon plant true The Atheriniformes, also known as the silversides, are an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the Old World silversides and several less-familiar families, including the unusual *Phallostethidae*. The order includes at least 354 species. They are found worldwide in tropical and temperate marine and freshwater environments. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheriniformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8268 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1573 atheriniformes fish, atheriniform An eel is any fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species. Most eels are predators. The term "eel" (originally referring to the European eel) is also used for some other similarly shaped fish, such as electric eels and spiny eels, but these are not members of the Anguilliformes order. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1574 anguilliformes fish, anguilliform http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:167 FAO ASFIS:HEP ITIS:551209 http://eol.org/pages/1156440 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1575 Clupea pallasi Valenciennes, 1847 Clupea pallasii Clupea pallasii Valenciennes 1847 Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847 clupea harengus pallasi clupea pallasi clupea pallasii pacific herring obsolete: woodchuck true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1577 white field corn plant The Santa Claus melon, sometimes known as Christmas melon or Piel de Sapo, is a variety of melon that grows to approximately 1 foot in length and is oblong in shape. It has a thick outer green-striped rind with a pale green inner pulp that provides a mild melon flavor, that can be as sweet as honeydew melons, if not more so. WIKIPEDIA:Santa_claus_melon http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1578 melon, santa claus santa claus melon plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1579 vegetable-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1580 yellow field corn plant Perciformes, also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means "perch-like". They belong to the class of ray-finned fish, and comprise over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic ecosystems. The order contains about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perciformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1581 perciformes fish, perciform http://langual.org GRIN:12571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1582 Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq. honeydew melon plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/34545 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1583 cervus spp. deer http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8417 GRIN:9445 MANSFELD:17782 PLANTS:CASA27 http://eol.org/pages/4197 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1584 Castanea sativa Mill. castanea sativa LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *EUROPEAN CHESTNUT [B1584]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). european chestnut tree obsolete: peach, freestone (plant) true obsolete: atlantic herring true obsolete: atlantic salmon true obsolete: black gram bean plant true obsolete: greenland halibut true Saigon cinnamon (*Cinnamomum loureiroi*, also known as Vietnamese cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia) is an evergreen tree indigenous to mainland Southeast Asia. Despite its name, Saigon cinnamon is more closely related to cassia (*C. cassia*) than to cinnamon (*C. verum*, "true cinnamon", Ceylon cinnamon), though in the same genus as both. Saigon cinnamon is used primarily for its aromatic bark, which has a taste quite similar to that of *C. cassia*, but with a more pronounced and complex aroma. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saigon_cinnamon] http://langual.org GRIN:10583 http://eol.org/pages/4308 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1590 Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees cassia, saigon cinnamomum loureiroi cinnamomum lourieri saigon cinnamon plant An immature chicken younger than five weeks old (previously five to six weeks), of either sex, with a ready-to-cook carcass weight of two pounds or less. https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1591 Cornish game hen Rock Cornish fowl rock cornish chicken In the past Rock Cornish game hens had been classified as younger than six weeks old, but modern rearing practices have led to faster maturation. Rock Cornish game hen http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5157 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1592 salmoniformes fish, salmoniform obsolete: peach, clingstone (plant) true Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches and relatives. This order contains 11-12 families, over 400 genera, and more than 4,250 species, with new species being described every few months or so, and new genera being recognized frequently. They are most diverse in southeastern Asia, and are entirely absent from Australia and South America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriniformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3194 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1594 cypriniformes minnow sucker fish, cypriniform http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1595 sweet corn, yellow yellow vegetable corn plant obsolete: stone pine tree true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1597 sweet corn, white white vegetable corn plant Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbel. Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed or fished for food. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5083 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1598 catfishes silures fish, siluriform A type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily *Maloideae* of the family *Rosaceae*. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1599 maloideae pome fruit plant Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, *Clupeidae*, and the anchovy family, *Engraulidae*. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clupeiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3190 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1601 clupeiformes fish, clupeiform http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1603 white asparagus plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1604 green asparagus plant Succotash made with butter beans (lima beans), corn, tomatoes, butter, water, sugar, salt and pepper. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1606 corn, lima beans and tomatoes lima bean, corn and tomatoes lima bean, sweet corn and tomatoes tomato, corn and lima beans tomato, sweet corn and lima beans vegetable corn, lima bean and tomato triple succotash http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1607 nut or edible seed producing plant A cherry tomato is a small variety of tomato that has been cultivated since at least the early 1800s and thought to have originated in Peru and Northern Chile. Cherry tomatoes range in size from a thumbtip up to the size of a golf ball, and can range from being spherical to slightly oblong in shape. The more oblong ones often share characteristics with plum tomatoes, and are known as grape tomatoes. The cherry tomato is regarded as a botanical variety of the cultivated berry, *Solanum lycopersicum* var. *cerasiforme*. WIKIPEDIA:Cherry_tomato http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10985 GRIN:406486 ITIS:566309 PLANTS:SOLYC http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1608 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, G.J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) Fosberg Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen cherry tomato lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme midget tomato miniature tomato plant obsolete: sweet marjoram plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8107 GRIN:7675 ITIS:530959 MANSFELD:23884 PLANTS:BROLG http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1611 Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC. Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenker Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC. brassica oleracea var. gemmifera brussels sprout plant obsolete: danube salmon true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38372 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1614 vaccinium spp. vaccinium berry plant obsolete: spotted seatrout true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1616 ash gourd benincasa ceriflora benincasa hispida chinese watermelon dung gwa kundur tunka wax gourd white gourd white pumpkin zit kwa chinese preserving melon plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1617 yellow popcorn plant obsolete: black raspberry plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/39388 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1620 moschus spp. musk deer obsolete: sika deer true obsolete: mule deer true obsolete: tea plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1624 amphibia amphibian http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1703 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1625 reptilia reptile http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7630 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1626 dasypodidae armadillo obsolete: burbot true obsolete: longan tree true obsolete: rambutan tree true obsolete: wahoo true Whelk is a common name that is applied to various kinds of sea snail. Although a number of whelks are relatively large and are in the family Buccinidae (the true whelks), the word whelk is also applied to some other marine gastropod mollusc species within several families of sea snails that are not very closely related. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whelk] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1633 buccinum spp. busycon spp. neptunea spp. whelk obsolete: passion fruit true http://langual.org GRIN:11177 MANSFELD:29329 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1636 Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. colocasia esculenta dasheen eddo old cocoyam taro plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1640 Merlangius Geoffroy, 1767 frostfish marling merlangius spp. whiting The docks and sorrels, genus *Rumex* L., are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family *Polygonaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12694 GRIN:32518 ITIS:504901 MANSFELD:9486 PLANTS:RUAC2 http://eol.org/pages/38064 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1641 dock (plant) rumex rumex spp sorrel sour grass Rumex acetosa L. sorrel plant http://langual.org GRIN:29453 MANSFELD:8008 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1642 portulaca spp. purslane Portulaca oleracea L. ssp. sativa (Haw.) Celak. purslane plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1643 capsicum annuum, longum group capsicum chile pepper cayenne pepper chile pepper chili pepper long pepper red pepper (chile pepper) hot pepper plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2330 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1644 sepiidae cuttlefish http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1646 burdock root lappa plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1647 tussilago farfara coltsfoot plant obsolete: blue crab true obsolete: strawberry guava plant true obsolete: Syzygium cumini plant true obsolete: surinam cherry plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1658 green kidney bean plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1659 phaseolus vulgaris red kidney bean plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1661 crenshaw melon plant The damson plum (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *insititia*, or sometimes *Prunus insititia*), also archaically called the "damascene" is an edible drupaceous fruit, a subspecies of the plum tree. Damsons are relatively small plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat astringent taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in fruit preserves or jam. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damson] http://langual.org GRIN:29889 MANSFELD:9338 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1662 Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C. K. Schneid. bullace prunus domestica insititia prunus insititia damson plum plant Horse bean and field bean refer to *Vigna faba* L. cultivars with smaller, harder seeds (more like the wild species) used for animal feed, though their stronger flavour is preferred in some human food recipes, such as falafel. WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba http://langual.org field bean DPNL 2003:13823 GRIN:41483 ITIS:26339 PLANTS:VIFA http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1663 vicia faba equina Vicia faba L. Vicia faba L. (varieties for fodder) Vicia faba var. equina Pers. horse bean plant obsolete: kiwifruit plant (A. chinensis) true http://langual.org GRIN:300197 MANSFELD:3384 PLANTS:ELCA19 http://eol.org/pages/8183 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1665 Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton elettaria cardamomum green cardamom plant The jalapeño is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species *Capsicum annuum*. It can have a range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of 3,500 to 8,000. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapeño] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1666 jalapeno pepper plant A tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is the only species in genus Vitellaria, and is indigenous to Africa. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1667 Butyrospermum parkii shea tree sheabutter tree vitellaria paradoxa sheanut tree In general, a sheep in its first year is called a lamb and its meat is also called lamb. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1669 lamb obsolete: sauger true Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/37701 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1672 barbary fig cholla cholla cactus nopal plant opuntia spp. opuntia vulgaris tuna (opuntia) prickly pear plant Ginseng is any one of 11 species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the genus *Panax* of the family *Araliaceae*. WIKIPEDIA:Ginseng http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5432 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1673 panax ginseng plant obsolete: nettle plant true The Greengage (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *italica* or the Reine Claude) is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivar of the plum. WIKIPEDIA:Greengage http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12273 GRIN:448303 MANSFELD:9343 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1675 Prunus domestica L. subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams Prunus domestica subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi prunus insititia var. italica greengage plum plant *Prunus cerasifera* is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum. Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_plum] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12267 GRIN:29860 MANSFELD:9307 PLANTS:PRCE2 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1676 Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. prunus cerasifera cherry plum plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1680 field corn and sugar cane obsolete: sugar cane and field corn true obsolete: lamb's quarter plant true obsolete: bocaccio true obsolete: dolly varden true obsolete: cape gooseberry plant true obsolete: mammea americana tree true obsolete: carambola tree true obsolete: cherimoya tree true obsolete: oheloberry plant true obsolete: custard apple tree true obsolete: akee plant true obsolete: roselle plant true obsolete: sapodilla plant true Sapote (from Nahuatl tzapotl) is a term for a soft, edible fruit. The word is incorporated into the common names of several unrelated fruit-bearing plants native to Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America. WIKIPEDIA:Sapote http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1694 calocarpum sapota caolcarpum mammosum lucuma mammosa mamey colorado mamey sapote mammee sapote marmalade fruit marmalade plum pouteria sapota sapota sapote plant obsolete: tamarind plant true Fenugreek (*Trigonella foenum-graecum*) is an annual plant in the family *Fabaceae*, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its seeds and its leaves are common ingredients in dishes from South Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenugreek] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13644 GRIN:40421 ITIS:505590 MANSFELD:30938 PLANTS:TRFO80 http://eol.org/pages/703366 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1696 Trigonella foenum-graecum L. trigonella foenum-graecum fenugreek plant obsolete: english holly plant true A species of flowering plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is found in Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It has also been naturalized in the Caribbean. Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:24865 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1699 barak ucuhuba virola sebifera virola surinamensis Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. ucuhuba plant obsolete: flax plant true *Lupinus*, commonly known as lupin or lupine (North America), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*. The genus includes over 200 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupinus] http://langual.org GRIN:22802 MANSFELD:31557 http://eol.org/pages/27789 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1701 Lupinus albus L. lupnius spp. lupine bean plant obsolete: rice bean plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1703 ricinus communis castor bean plant obsolete: jojoba plant true obsolete: babassu palm plant true *Crataegus*, commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn, *C. monogyna*, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus *Rhaphiolepis*. WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8958 GRIN:300154 PLANTS:CRATA http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1708 Crataegus Crataegus L. Crataegus sp. crataegus spp. haw hawthorn plant A young chicken between eight and 12 weeks old, of either sex, with a ready-to-cook carcass weight of five pounds or more, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and breastbone cartilage that is somewhat less flexible than that of a broiler or fryer. https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1710 roasting chicken In the past roaster chickens had been classified as three to five months old, but modern rearing practices have led to faster maturation. roaster chicken A surgically neutered male chicken younger than four months old (previously younger than eight months) that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin. https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1711 capon A male chicken (usually under 10 months of age) with coarse skin, somewhat toughened and darkened flesh, and considerable hardening of the breastbone cartilage. Their condition is intermediate between that of a roaster chicken and a rooster. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1712 stag chicken A mature female chicken (usually more than 10 months of age) with meat less tender than that of a roaster, and with a nonflexible breastbone tip. http://langual.org hen http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1713 stewing chicken stewing hen chicken hen A mature male chicken with coarse skin, toughened and darkened meat, and hardened breastbone tip. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1714 cock cockerel rooster The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera *Quercus* and *Lithocarpus*, in the family *Fagaceae*). WIKIPEDIA:Acorn http://langual.org GRIN:300504 PLANTS:QUERC http://eol.org/pages/32233 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1715 Quercus L. Quercus sp. acorn oak nut quercus spp. oak tree Sagittaria latifolia is a plant found in shallow wetlands. This plant produces edible tubers that were extensively used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1716 Indian potato broadleaf arrowhead duck-potato sagittaria latifolia wapato arrowhead plant *Amaranthus*, collectively known as amaranth or pigweed, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. Approximately 60 species are presently recognised, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold. Although several species are often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals and ornamentals. . WIKIPEDIA:Amaranth http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/37601 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1717 amaranth (grain) amaranthus spp. pigweed amaranth plant A gourd is a plant of the family *Cucurbitaceae*. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons. The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two *Cucurbitaceae* genera *Lagenaria* and *Cucurbita*, or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[A gourd is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons.[1] The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two Cucurbitaceae genera Lagenaria and Cucurbita[citation needed], or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4458 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1719 cucurbitaceae gourd plant A vine grown for its fruit, which can be either harvested young to be consumed as a vegetable, or harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil. http://langual.org GRIN:21385 MANSFELD:3862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1720 bottle gourd calabash calabesh gourd lagenaria siceraria lagenaria vulgaris Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. calabash gourd plant obsolete: sponge gourd plant true obsolete: breadnut plant true obsolete: chia plant true The asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) is a legume cultivated to be eaten as green pods. It is known as the yardlong bean, bora, bodi, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, pea bean, snake bean, or Chinese long bean. Despite the common name, the pods are actually only about half a yard long; the subspecies name sesquipedalis (one-and-a-half-foot-long) is a rather accurate approximation of the pods' length. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus_bean http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13841 GRIN:41646 ITIS:27018 PLANTS:VIUNS2 http://eol.org/pages/655178 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1724 asparagus bean chinese long bean long-podded cowpea pea bean snake bean tau kok vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. bodi bora dolichos sesquipedalis vigna sesquipedalis asparagus bean plant http://langual.org GRIN:104887 MANSFELD:27187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1725 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet dolichos lablab lablab lubia bean hyacinth bean plant obsolete: winged bean plant true obsolete: cardoon plant true Celtuce (*Lactuca sativa* var. *asparagina*, *augustana*, or *angustata*), is a cultivar of lettuce grown primarily for its thick stem, used as a vegetable. Chinese lettuce asparagus lettuce celery lettuce stem lettuce celtuce plant Celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), also called turnip-rooted celery (although it is not a close relative of the turnip), celery root, or knob celery, is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible stem or hypocotyl, and shoots. http://langual.org GRIN:3704 ITIS:530941 MANSFELD:1236 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1729 apium graveolens rapaceum celeriac celery root knob celery turnip-rooted celery celeriac plant obsolete: chayote plant true obsolete: nalta jute plant true obsolete: new zealand spinach plant true http://langual.org ITIS:42538 PLANTS:SYFO http://eol.org/pages/8191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1733 Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. skunk cabbage symplocarpus foetidus swamp cabbage plant obsolete: borage plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1736 agati grandiflora sesbania grandiflora sesbania plant obsolete: tumble mustard plant true obsolete: jicama plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1739 fuki petasites japonica butter bur plant obsolete: garland chrysanthemum plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1748 drumstick tree moringa oleifera moringa pterygosperma horseradish tree http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1750 tree fern plant A clementine (*Citrus × clementina*) is a tangor, a hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (*C. × deliciosa*) and a sweet orange (*C. × sinensis*), so named in 1902. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. Clementines can be separated into 7 to 14 segments. Similar to tangerines, they tend to be easy to peel. They are typically juicy and sweet, with less acid than oranges. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8690 GRIN:314344 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1751 Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka citrus clementina citrus reticulata cv. clementine clementine plant http://langual.org GRIN:316913 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1752 Perideridia oregana (S. Watson) Mathias epos root perideridia oregana squaw potato eppaw plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1753 shellie bean obsolete: green bean and pinto bean plant true obsolete: lamb's lettuce plant true The Carangidae are a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, and scads. They are marine fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates. http://langual.org Common names within family Carangidae are very disorderly, including Jacks, Amberjacks, Pompanos, Trevally, Bumpers and Scads, without clear deliniation as to which are which.[https://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/seafishv.html] http://eol.org/pages/5361 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1755 jack family scad family carangidae Carangidae family obsolete: jewfish true obsolete: red grouper true obsolete: persian grouper true obsolete: greasy rockcod true obsolete: japan sea bass true obsolete: peruvian sea bass true obsolete: argentine sea bass true obsolete: bream true obsolete: white bass true obsolete: giant sea bass true obsolete: vermilion rockfish true obsolete: cowcod true obsolete: labrador redfish true obsolete: chilipepper (fish) true obsolete: black rockfish true obsolete: olive rockfish true obsolete: bank rockfish true obsolete: yelloweye rockfish true obsolete: canary rockfish true obsolete: speckled rockfish true obsolete: widow rockfish true obsolete: yellowtail rockfish true obsolete: blue runner true obsolete: florida pompano true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5287 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1782 mugilidae mullet family obsolete: flathead grey mullet true obsolete: fantail mullet true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:170337 http://eol.org/pages/5287 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1785 Mugil gaimardianus Mugil gaimardianus Desmarest in Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1831 mugil gaimardianus mullet, redeye redeye mullet obsolete: white mullet true obsolete: frigate tuna true obsolete: cabezon true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1789 Cottidae cottidae sculpin family obsolete: atlantic mackerel true obsolete: pacific bonito true obsolete: atlantic bonito true obsolete: pacific sierra true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1794 paralonchurus spp. croaker obsolete: atlantic croaker true obsolete: freshwater drum true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:734 FAO ASFIS:PDR ITIS:169348 http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1797 Paralonchurus peruanus Paralonchurus peruanus (Steindachner, 1875) paralonchurus peruanus peruvian croaker http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1798 lutjanidae snapper family obsolete: blackfin snapper true obsolete: silk snapper true obsolete: amarillo snapper true obsolete: mutton snapper true obsolete: spotted rose snapper true obsolete: colorado snapper true obsolete: malabar snapper true obsolete: humpback snapper true obsolete: skilfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5203 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1808 sparidae porgy family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5268 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1809 percophidae flathead family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5258 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1810 pomatomidae bluefish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5138 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1811 hexagrammidae greenling family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5317 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1812 haemulidae sweetlip grunt family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5317 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1813 Haemulon Cuvier, 1829 haemulon spp. tomtate grunt obsolete: chilean croaker true obsolete: red hawaiian porgy true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5379 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1816 anarhichadidae wolffish family obsolete: atlantic wolffish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5358 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1818 centrarchidae sunfish family obsolete: black crappie true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5322 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1820 cutlassfish family gempylidae snake mackerel family obsolete: escolar true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1822 cyclopteridae snailfish family obsolete: lumpfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5355 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1824 centropomidae snook family obsolete: common snook true Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family *Esocidae* the esocids which were endemic to North America, Europe and Eurasia during the Paleogene through present. WIKIPEDIA:Esocidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5509 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1826 esocidae pike family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5200 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1827 stromateidae butterfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5202 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1829 sphyraenidae barracuda family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5381 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1830 ammodytidae sand lance family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5344 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1831 cichlidae cichlid family obsolete: blue tilapia true obsolete: mozambique tilapia true obsolete: nile tilapia true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1835 gadidae cod family obsolete: southern blue whiting true obsolete: blue whiting true obsolete: hoki true obsolete: white hake true obsolete: pacific cod true obsolete: atlantic cod true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:464 FAO ASFIS:ALK FDA RFE 2010:88 ITIS:164722 http://eol.org/pages/5503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1843 Theragra chalcogramma Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814) Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1811) Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) theragra chalcogramma walleye pollock alaska pollock http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5410 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1844 ophidiidae cusk-eel family http://langual.org CEC 1993:912 FAO ASFIS:OPT http://eol.org/pages/5185 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1845 Macrozoarces americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Macrozoarces americanus (Schneider, 1801) macrozoarces americanus ocean pout http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5185 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1846 zoarcidae eelpout family obsolete: gulf menhaden true obsolete: atlantic menhaden true obsolete: pacific round herring true obsolete: atlantic thread herring true obsolete: blueback herring true obsolete: european sardine true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1854 engraulidae anchovy obsolete: northern anchovy true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5173 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1856 pleuronectidae righteye flounder family obsolete: black kingklip true obsolete: golden kingklip true obsolete: red kingklip true obsolete: longhead dab true obsolete: european plaice true obsolete: american plaice true obsolete: petrale sole true obsolete: rex sole true obsolete: slender sole true obsolete: arrowtooth flounder true obsolete: gray sole true obsolete: rock sole true obsolete: butter sole true obsolete: sand sole true obsolete: flathead sole true obsolete: yellowtail flounder true obsolete: indian ocean flounder true obsolete: starry flounder true obsolete: kamchatka flounder true obsolete: pacific halibut true obsolete: atlantic halibut true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1151 FAO ASFIS:SOL ITIS:173001 http://eol.org/pages/5169 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1878 Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) Solea vulgaris Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806 sole, european solea vulgaris european dover sole http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5174 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1879 bothidae paralichthyidae lefteye flounder family obsolete: fantail sole true obsolete: southern flounder true obsolete: california halibut true obsolete: summer flounder true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1884 atherinidae silverside family obsolete: south american silverside true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8245 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1886 exocoetidae flying fish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8246 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1887 belonidae needlefish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8243 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1888 scomberesocidae saury family obsolete: atlantic saury true obsolete: pacific saury true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1908 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1891 zeidae dory family The *Catostomidae* are the suckers of the order Cypriniformes, with about 78 species in this family of freshwater fishes. The *Catostomidae* are primarily native to North America, but *Catostomus catostomus* is found in both North America and Russia, and *Myxocyprinus asiaticus* is from China.. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catostomidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3196 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1892 catostomidae sucker family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5468 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1893 lepisosteidae gar family Semionotiformes ("flag-back form") is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Triassic to the Cretaceous. The best-known genus is *Semionotus* of Europe and North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semionotiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5467 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1894 gars lepisosteiformes semionotiformes fish, semionotiformes The Zeiformes are a small order of marine ray-finned fishes most notable for the dories, a group of common food fish. The order consists of about 33 species in seven families, mostly deep-sea types. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1906 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1895 john dory zeiformes fish, zeiform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8301 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1896 polyodontidae paddlefish family http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:STU http://eol.org/pages/8302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1897 Acipenseridae acipenseridae sturgeon family *Citrus bergamia*, the bergamot orange, is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. The fruit of the bergamot orange is edible.An essence extracted from the aromatic skin of this sour fruit is used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas, as well as confectionery (including Turkish delight). It is often used to make marmalade, particularly in Italy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamot_orange] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8689 GRIN:10698 ITIS:524859 MANSFELD:7666 PLANTS:CIAUB http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1898 Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engler Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit. Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engl. citrus aurantium bergamia citrus bergamia citrus ×aurantium bergamot orange plant obsolete: channel catfish true obsolete: blue catfish true Airbreathing catfishes are fishes comprising the family *Clariidae* of order Siluriformes. About 14 genera and about 116 species of clariids are described. All the clariids are freshwater species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbreathing_catfish] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5106 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1901 clariidae labyrinth catfish family obsolete: capelin true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5399 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1904 osmeridae smelt family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5399 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1905 Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) osmerus mordax mordax rainbow smelt smelt, rainbow LanguaL curation note: See remarks on *RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]*. atlantic rainbow smelt obsolete: tench true obsolete: lake whitefish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1908 Notropis Rafinesque, 1818 notropis spp. shiner obsolete: milkfish true obsolete: tarakihi true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1911 squaliformes fish, squaliform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8895 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1912 dogfish sharks spiny dogfishes squalidae dogfish shark family obsolete: dogfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8897 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1914 squatinidae angel shark family The *Lamnidae* are the family of mackerel or white sharks. They are large, fast-swimming sharks, found in oceans worldwide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamnidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1874 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1915 lamnidae porbeagles mackerel shark family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1901 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1916 carcharhinidae requiem shark family The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish. obsolete: dolphinfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5341 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1918 coryphaenidae dolphinfish family Catjang (*Vigna unguiculata* subsp. *cylindrica*) is a subspecies of cowpea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catjang] http://langual.org GRIN:41645 ITIS:524854 MANSFELD:27314 PLANTS:VIUNC2 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1919 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc. Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc. Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc. Vigna unguiculata unguiculata Biflora Group bombay cowpea catjang catjang cowpea catjung dolichos unguiculata vigna cylindrica vigna unguiculata catjang bean plant obsolete: moth bean plant true The *Cyprinidae* are the family of freshwater fishes, collectively called cyprinids, that includes the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (for example, the barbs and barbels). Also commonly called the "carp family", or "minnow family", Cyprinidae is the largest known fish family and the largest vertebrate animal family in general, with about 3,000 living and extinct species in about 370 genera. The family belongs to the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make more than two-thirds.. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1921 barbs cyprinidae minnow family carp or minnow family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24043 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1922 minnow phoxinus spp. redbelly dace http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5292 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1923 branchiostegidae malacanthidae tilefish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5406 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1924 argentinidae herring smelts argentine family obsolete: roach (fish) true obsolete: spotted chub mackerel true obsolete: white pomfret true obsolete: brazilian duckbill true obsolete: atlantic pomfret true obsolete: bullet tuna true obsolete: emperor snapper true obsolete: california corbina true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5343 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1934 cirrhitidae hawkfish family obsolete: nile perch true obsolete: bastard trumpeter true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5366 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1938 bramidae castagnole pomfret family obsolete: argentine queenfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5375 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1940 arripidae australian salmon family obsolete: australian ruff true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1942 trachichthyidae slimehead family obsolete: red deepsea crab true obsolete: florida stone crab true obsolete: atlantic calico scallop true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1350 FAO ASFIS:SCZ http://eol.org/pages/2249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1946 Pecten novaezelandiae Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve 1852 Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve, 1852 pecten novaezelandiae new zealand commercial scallop obsolete: iceland scallop true obsolete: painted spiny lobster true obsolete: american lobster true obsolete: european lobster true obsolete: eastern oyster true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KOL http://eol.org/pages/2248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1952 Crassostrea glomerata Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) auckland oyster crassostrea glomerata saccostrea glomerata new zealand rock oyster obsolete: antarctic krill true WIKIPEDIA:Concholepas_concholepas http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SNE http://eol.org/pages/2567539 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1955 Concholepas concholepas Concholepas concholepas (Bruguiere 1789) concholepas concholepas false abalone liparis spp. locos chilean abalone obsolete: norway lobster true obsolete: pinkspotted shrimp true obsolete: olympia flat oyster true obsolete: atlantic surfclam true obsolete: edible rock crab true obsolete: kegani crab true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MUZ http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1963 Perna canaliculus Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791) green-lipped mussel perna canaliculus new zealand green mussel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:AKK ITIS:80930 http://eol.org/pages/2278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1964 Acanthocardia aculeata Acanthocardia aculeata (Linnaeus, 1758) acanthocardia aculeata cardium aculeata cardium echinatum spiny cockle obsolete: oil sardine true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1858 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1968 rajiformes fish, rajiform The *Pimelodidae*, commonly known as the long-whiskered catfishes, are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes). All species of Pimelodidae are found in South America and the lower Isthmian region. Their range reaches from South America and Panama north to southernmost Mexico. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimelodidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5091 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1969 pimelodidae long whiskered catfish family obsolete: northern shrimp true obsolete: blackback flounder true obsolete: green sturgeon true obsolete: white sturgeon true obsolete: japanese pilchard true obsolete: slime flounder true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8885 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1976 rajidae skate family The Tetraodontiformes are an order of highly derived ray-finned fish, also called the Plectognathi. Sometimes these are classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at least 349 species overall; most are marine and dwell in and around tropical coral reefs, but a few species are found in freshwater streams and estuaries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodontiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5052 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1977 fish, tetraodontiform obsolete: porbeagle true obsolete: pacific giant oyster true obsolete: deepbody thread herring true obsolete: five-lined snapper true obsolete: gold-striped snapper true The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species. Member genera include the alfonsinos, squirrelfishes, flashlight fishes, fangtooth fishes, spinyfins, pineconefishes, redfishes, roughies, and slimeheads. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryciformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8234 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1983 beryciformes fish, beryciform http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1984 sardinops ocellatus south african pilchard http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7161 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1986 clawed lobsters nephropidae clawed lobster family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5299 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1988 latridae latrididae trumpeter family obsolete: groper true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5056 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1990 tetraodontidae pufferfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8916 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1993 protopteridae african lungfish family Lepidosireniformes are an order of lungfish containing the families *Lepidosirenidae* (the South American lungfish) and *Protopteridae* (the African lungfish). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidosireniformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8914 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1994 lepidosireniformes fish, lepidosireniform obsolete: silver moonfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5289 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1996 fingerfish family monodactylidae moonfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7208 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1997 scyllaridae slipper lobsters slipper lobster family The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1998 decapoda decapod *Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11805 GRIN:27632 GRIN:312013 ITIS:26857 MANSFELD:27559 PLANTS:PHVU http://eol.org/pages/645324 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1999 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris phaseolus vulgaris pink bean small white bean yellow bean common bean plant obsolete: roughscale flounder true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13867 GRIN:41879 ITIS:28608 PLANTS:VILA8 http://eol.org/pages/582348 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2001 Vitis labrusca L. fox grape vitis labrusca vitis labruscana fox grape plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2002 agave americana agave atrovirens american aloe maguey century plant obsolete: spanish sardine true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2004 Percidae percidae true perch perch family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2005 sciaenidae drum family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5154 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2006 anoplopomatidae sablefish family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2007 ictalurus spp. bullhead catfish http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13992 GRIN:42282 ITIS:28598 PLANTS:ZIZI http://eol.org/pages/4381 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2008 Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Karst. chinese date chinese jujube common jujube jujube nut red date rhamnus ziziphus ziziphus jujuba ziziphus lotus ziziphus vulgaris ziziphus ziziphus zizyphus sativa chinese red date plant obsolete: scarlet runner bean plant true obsolete: pigeon pea plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2011 crambe maritima sea kale plant obsolete: bilberry plant true Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree. Damion Dooley http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11174 GRIN:24182 ITIS:506235 MANSFELD:9033 PLANTS:MEGE4 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2014 Mespilus germanica L. mespilus germanica medlar plant obsolete: mexican ground cherry plant true *Solanum betaceum* (syn. *Cyphomandra betacea*) is a small tree or shrub in the flowering plant family Solanaceae "the nightshade plant". It is best known as the species that bears the tamarillo, an egg-shaped edible fruit. Other names include tree tomato, tomate de árbol, and dutch eggplant in Indonesia. WIKIPEDIA:Cyphomandra_betacea http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9134 GRIN:100825 ITIS:505817 PLANTS:CYBE3 http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2016 Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn. Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtner Solanum betaceum Cav. cyphomandra betacea solanum betaceum tamarillo tree tomato plant *Osmundastrum* is genus of leptosporangiate ferns in the family Osmundaceae with one accepted species, *Osmundastrum cinnamomeum*, the cinnamon fern. It is native to the Americas and eastern Asia, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmundastrum] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11537 ITIS:1012094 PLANTS:OSCI http://eol.org/pages/6132997 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2017 Osmunda cinnamomea L. Osmundastrum cinnamomea (L.) C. Presl buckhorn (osmunda) fiddlehead fern osmunda cinnamomea osmundastrum cinnamomea cinnamon fern plant The pomelo,* Citrus maxima*, or* Citrus grandis*, also called pomello, pummelo, pommelo, pumelo, pamplemousse, lusho fruit, jabong, Jambola or shaddock, is a natural (non-hybrid) citrus fruit, similar in appearance to a large grapefruit, native to South and Southeast Asia. Typically, the fruit is pale green to yellow when ripe, with sweet white (or, more rarely, pink or red) flesh, and a very thick albedo (rind pith). It is a large citrus fruit, 15-25 centimetres (5.9-9.8 in) in diameter,[7] usually weighing 1-2 kilograms (2.2-4.4 lb). The fruit tastes like a sweet, mild grapefruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8696 GRIN:10744 ITIS:501574 MANSFELD:7643 PLANTS:CIMA5 http://eol.org/pages/488254 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2018 Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr. Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. citrus decumana citrus grandis citrus maxima pomelo shaddock pummelo plant Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. Likely having originated in Mexico, O. ficus-indica is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11476 GRIN:25840 MANSFELD:23079 PLANTS:OPFI http://eol.org/pages/4228 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2019 Barbary fig Indian fig opuntia cactus pear mission prickly-pear opuntia ficus-indica opuntia occidentalis prickly pear smooth mountain prickly-pear smooth prickly-pear spineless cactus tuberous prickly-pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. indian fig plant obsolete: roseapple plant true obsolete: highbush blueberry plant true obsolete: quinoa plant true Banana passionfruit is the fruit of several plants in the genus Passiflora, and are therefore related to the passion fruit. They look somewhat like a straight, small banana with rounded ends. It was given this name in New Zealand, where passionfruit are also prevalent. In Hawaii, it is called banana poka. In its Latin American homeland, it is known as curuba, curuba de Castilla, or curuba sabanera blanca (Colombia); taxo, tacso, tagso, tauso (Ecuador); parcha (Venezuela), tumbo or curuba (Bolivia); tacso, tumbo, tumbo del norte, trompos, or tintin (Peru). WIKIPEDIA:Banana_passionfruit http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2028 curuba passiflora spp. banana passionfruit plant obsolete: cloudberry plant true obsolete: miracle fruit true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2031 marrow, vegetable vegetable marrow plant obsolete: star apple plant true obsolete: mangosteen tree true The Zante currant (in the United States), or currant (in other English-speaking countries) are dried berries of small, sweet, seedless grape variety Black Corinth (*Vitis vinifera*). Unprocessed currants must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) *Vitis vinifera* L. Black Corinth.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF] Damion Dooley WIKIPEDIA:Black_Corinth http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13868 GRIN:41905 ITIS:28629 MANSFELD:3182 PLANTS:VIVI5 http://eol.org/pages/582304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2038 Vitis vinifera L. black corinth grape currant corinth grape plant obsolete: juniper plant true http://langual.org GRIN:314922 PLANTS:CILAC http://eol.org/pages/4458 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2041 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf. Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf. citrullus lanatus var. citroides citrullus vulgaris var. citroides preserving melon stock melon citron melon plant http://langual.org GRIN:12567 http://eol.org/pages/4458 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2042 Cucumis melo var. chito (C. Morren) Naudin garden lemon melon apple orange melon vegetable orange vine peach mango melon plant obsolete: fonio plant true A species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south. Damion Dooley WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_virginiana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12304 GRIN:30151 ITIS:24806 PLANTS:PRVI http://eol.org/pages/630083 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2044 Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa Virginia bird cherry bitter-berry chokecherry prunus virginiana virginia chokecherry western chokecherry Prunus virginiana L. chokecherry plant Chamomile (American English) or camomile (British English) is the common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae. http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kamomillasaunio_%28Matricaria_recutita%29.JPG/325px-Kamomillasaunio_%28Matricaria_recutita%29.JPG DPNL 2003:11102 GRIN:23475 ITIS:38079 PLANTS:MARE6 http://eol.org/pages/4206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2045 Italian camomilla camomile camomile chamomile common chamomile german chamomile hungarian chamomile kamilla matricaria chamomilla matricaria recutita scented chamomile scented mayweed wild chamomile Matricaria chamomilla L. Matricaria recutita L. chamomile plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2046 cataria nepeta cataria catnip plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2047 larrea mexicana larrea tridentata chaparral plant http://langual.org GRIN:17820 MANSFELD:29969 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2048 Glycyrrhiza glabra L. glycyrrhiza glabra licorice plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2049 ephedra nevadensis gray ephedra mormon tea nevada ephedra nevada jointfir plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2050 grapple plant harpagophytum procumbens devil's claw plant *Tilia * is a genus of about 30 species of trees native or bushes throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Commonly called lime trees or "'lime bushes'" in the British Isles, they are not closely related to the lime fruit. Other names include linden, and basswood for the North American species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13539 GRIN:310090 PLANTS:TILIA http://eol.org/pages/4321 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2051 linden Tilia Tilia L. Tilia spp. tilia spp. linden plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2052 european mistletoe viscum album mistletoe plant (european) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2053 erythroxylum coca coca plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2054 altamisa chrysanthemum parthenium feverfew plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2055 agrimonia eupatoria agrimony cocklebur plant *Senna *, the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family *Fabaceae*, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species in temperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation. Cassia gum, an extract of the seeds of Chinese senna (*S. obtusifolia*), is used as a thickening agent. The leaves and flowers of Siamese cassia (*S. siamea *) are used in some Southeast Asian cuisines, such as Thai and Lao cuisines. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_(plant)] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13049 GRIN:310662 PLANTS:SENNA http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2056 Senna Senna Mill. Senna spp. cassia spp. senna spp. senna plant obsolete: rooibos plant true Epazote, wormseed, Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea, Paico or Herba Sancti Mariæ (*Dysphania ambrosioides*, formerly *Chenopodium ambrosioides*) is an herb native to Central America, South America, and southern Mexico. WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_ambrosioides http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8594 GRIN:446530 ITIS:20590 PLANTS:CHAM http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2058 Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants chenopodium ambrosioides dysphania ambrosoides epazote wormseed mexican tea plant A plant species (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) of the holly genus (Ilex) Damion Dooley http://langual.org GRIN:19756 MANSFELD:26742 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2059 ilex paraguariensis paraguay tea yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil. mate plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2060 piper methysticum kava plant obsolete: grains-of-paradise plant true obsolete: naranjilla plant true obsolete: guarana plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2064 cucurbita pepo var. pepo acorn squash plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2065 Smilax aristolochiifolia sarsaparilla plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2066 guizotia abyssinica ramtilla niger (plant) plant http://langual.org obsolete: muskmelon plant true GRIN:319648 MANSFELD:23939 PLANTS:BRRAR Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. brassica campestris broccoli raab field mustard rapini field mustard plant Mustards are several plant species in the genera *Brassica* and *Sinapis* whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as mustard or prepared mustard. The seeds are also pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. WIKIPEDIA:Mustard_plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2069 brassica spp. sinapis spp. mustard plant http://langual.org GRIN:21613 MANSFELD:30514 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2070 Lathyrus sativus L. tare vicia vetch plant White cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* convar. *capitata* var. *alba* L.) is a variety of the cabbage, a cultivar of the plant species *Brassica oleracea*. White cabbage is a winter vegetable. WIKIPEDIA:White_cabbage http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8102 GRIN:7672 MANSFELD:23907 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2071 Brassica oleracea L. var. alba DC. Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata brassica oleracea var. capitata white cabbage plant Brassica oleracea L. var. rubra DC. red cabbage plant Chinese cabbage (*Brassica rapa*, subspecies *pekinensis* and *chinensis*) can refer to two distinct varieties (see below) of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip. Both have many variations in name, spelling and scientific classification, especially the "bok choy" or chinensis variety. Damion Dooley http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8118 GRIN:319634 ITIS:506219 MANSFELD:23985 PLANTS:BRCH4 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2077 brassica chinensis brassica rapa var. chinensis pak choi pok choi Brassica chinensis L. Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt bok choy plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24987 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2078 rhinichthys spp. dace obsolete: bluegill true The Beurré Bosc or Bosc is a cultivar of the European Pear (*Pyrus communis*) grown in the northwestern U.S. states of California, Washington, and Oregon; Australia; as well as in British Columbia, Ontario and Europe, where it is sometimes called Kaiser. Bosc pear plant The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European Pear. Anjou pear plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/60741 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2082 hibiscus spp. hibiscus plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10658 GRIN:21361 ITIS:36607 PLANTS:LASA3 http://eol.org/pages/468144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2083 crisphead lettuce iceberg lettuce plant Butterhead - Also known as Boston or Bibb lettuce, and traditional in the UK as "round lettuce", this type is a head lettuce with a loose arrangement of leaves, known for its sweet flavor and tender texture. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10658 GRIN:21361 ITIS:36607 PLANTS:LASA3 http://eol.org/pages/468144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2084 var. capitata L. nidus tenerrima Helm cabbage lettuce head lettuce lactuca sativa var. capitata butterhead lettuce plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2085 boston lettuce limestone lettuce bibb lettuce plant boston lettuce plant Lettuce with loosely curled leaves that do not form a compact head. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10659 GRIN:404618 ITIS:36607 PLANTS:LASA3 http://eol.org/pages/468144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2087 Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L. lactusa sativa crispa loose leaf lettuce plant Lollo Rosso is a red loose leaf type of lettuce. Lollo Rosso's sister varieties are Lollo Biando and Lollo Verde. Lolla Rossa Lollo Rossa lollo rosso plant cos lettuce lactuca sativa var. cos lactuca sativa var. longifolia romaine plant obsolete: walrus true Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. http://langual.org GRIN:12957 MANSFELD:4048 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2091 Cucurbita maxima L. (Duch.) pumpkin plant cucurbita spp. pumpkin, squash or gourd squash, gourd or pumpkin plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/11012 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2092 macropodidae macropus spp. kangaroo A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Horses and donkeys are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes. Of the two F1 hybrids between these two species, a mule is easier to obtain than a hinny (the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey). All male mules and most female mules are infertile. WIKIPEDIA:Mule http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2093 equus asinus x equus caballus mule http://langual.org ITIS:180402 MSW3:13400557 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2094 Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782) Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782 coypu myocastor coypus river rat nutria obsolete: asian water buffalo true http://langual.org ITIS:180690 MSW3:14100004 http://eol.org/pages/328647 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2096 Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758 ass burro equus asinus donkey obsolete: zebra true Members of the genus *Bison* are large, even-toed ungulates within the subfamily *Bovinae*. Two extant and four extinct species are recognized. The surviving species are the American bison, also known as the American buffalo (although it is only distantly related to the true buffalo), *Bison bison*, found in North America, and the European bison, or wisent (*Bison bonasus*), found in Europe and the Caucasus. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the plains bison, *Bison bison bison*, and the wood bison, *Bison bison athabascae*. While all bison species are usually grouped into their own genus, they are sometimes included in the closely related genus *Bos*, together with cattle, gaur, kouprey and yaks, with which bison have a limited ability to interbreed. WIKIPEDIA:Bison http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/42293 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2098 bison spp. bison Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only currently living family in the suborder Tylopoda. The extant members of this group are: dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, wild Bactrian camels, llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelid http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38902 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2103 camelid camelus spp. camel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1300 FAO ASFIS:JAJ http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2105 Jacquinotia edwardsii Jacquinotia edwardsii (Jacquinot, 1853) jacquinotia edwardsii maia maja new zealand crab southern spider crab new zealand spider crab http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/39553 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2106 portunus spp. swim crab (portunus spp.) obsolete: sea urchin true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2108 asteroidae starfish http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2109 Evening primrose oenothera biennis evening primrose plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2110 bassia latifolia east indian illipe madhuca latifolia tanga kwang illipe plant The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastropoda] The taxonomic class *Gastropoda* also includes snails that live in different habitats, such as land snails, marine and freshwater snails.. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2366 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2111 gastropoda gastropod *Mollusca* is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca] http://langual.org EC:No 216/2009 MOL FAO ASFIS:MOL http://eol.org/pages/2195 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2112 Mollusca mollusk mollusc *Bivalvia*, in previous centuries referred to as the *Lamellibranchiata* and *Pelecypoda*, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2215 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2113 bivalvia lamellibranchiata pelecypod pelecypoda bivalve Snail is a common name loosely applied to shelled gastropods ... members of the molluscan class *Gastropoda* that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are often called semi-slugs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2114 snail Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum *Echinodermata* of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm] http://langual.org EC:No 1637/2001 ECH FAO ASFIS:ECH http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2115 Echinodermata Echinodermata Klein, 1734 echinodermata echinoderm A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class *Cephalopoda* such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2312 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2116 cephalopoda cephalopod obsolete: ostrich true obsolete: woodcock true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2120 ogen melon plant http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Vitis-vinifera.JPG DPNL 2003:13868 GRIN:41905 ITIS:28629 MANSFELD:3182 PLANTS:VIVI5 http://eol.org/pages/582304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2121 common grape common grape vine european grape vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera L. european grape plant Concord grapes are a cultivar derived from the grape species *Vitis labrusca* (a.k.a. fox grape) which are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes. WIKIPEDIA:Concord_grape http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13867 GRIN:41879 ITIS:28608 PLANTS:VILA8 http://eol.org/pages/582348 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2122 Vitis labrusca L. concord grape vitis labrusca var. concord concord grape (plant) Muscadines are a grapevine species native to the present-day southeastern United States that has been extensively cultivated since the 16th Century. WIKIPEDIA:Muscadine http://langual.org GRIN:41895 ITIS:28609 PLANTS:VIRO3 PLANTS:VIROR http://eol.org/pages/582347 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2123 Vitis rotundifolia Michx. Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia grape, scuppernong muscadine grape muscadinia rotundifolia scuppernong grape vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape plant obsolete: onderdonk grape plant true Variety of the Common Plum. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12270 GRIN:29888 ITIS:24774 MANSFELD:9332 PLANTS:PRDO http://eol.org/pages/301139 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2125 Prunus domestica L. prunus domestica italian prune plum plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2126 tea or coffee plant coffee or tea plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6965 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2127 balanus spp. goose barnacles lepadidae lepas spp. barnacle http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2630893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2128 barnacles bernacles cirripedia cirriped http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1644 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2129 elephantidae elephant obsolete: hippopotamus true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24173 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2131 balistes app. triggerfish Filefish (also known as foolfish, leatherjackets or shingles) are tropical to subtropical tetraodontiform marine fish of the diverse family *Monacanthidae*. Found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, the filefish family contains approximately 107 species in 26 genera. Filefish are closely related to the triggerfish, pufferfish and trunkfish. WIKIPEDIA:Monacanthidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5058 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2132 monacanthidae filefish family *Castanospermum australe* (Moreton Bay Chestnut or Blackbean), the only species in the genus *Castanospermum*, is a flowering plant in the family *Fabaceae*, native to the east coast of Australia in Queensland and New South Wales, and to the Pacific islands of Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and the island of New Britain (Papua New Guinea). Members of this genus accumulate iminosugars in their leaves.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanospermum] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8419 GRIN:9525 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2133 Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. & C. Fraser ex Hook. Castanospermum australe A.Cunn. & C.Fraser ex Hook. black turtle bean castanospermum australe moreton bay chestnut plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2134 lippia micromera thyme, spanish spanish thyme plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2135 perilla frutescens crispa beefsteak plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2136 dogfish shark, carnivorous http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2137 dogfish shark, herbivorous Triggerfishes are about 40 species of often brightly colored fishes of the family *Balistidae*. Often marked by lines and spots, they inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world, with the greatest species richness in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found in relatively shallow, coastal habitats, especially at coral reefs, but a few, such as the aptly named oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata), are pelagic. While several species from this family are popular in the marine aquarium trade, they are often notoriously ill-tempered. WIKIPEDIA:Balistidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5061 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2138 balistidae triggerfish family obsolete: sago palm plant true obsolete: pearl millet plant true http://langual.org obsolete cape hake true http://langual.org obsolete argentine hake true obsolete: cusk true obsolete: ling true obsolete: rock cod true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2146 oligoplites spp. leatherjacket genus obsolete: african pompano true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:168883 http://eol.org/pages/5294 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2148 Lutjanus inermis Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869) lutjanus inermis golden snapper obsolete: pacific snapper true obsolete: caribbean red snapper true obsolete: queen snapper true obsolete: flatiron herring true obsolete: shortfin corvina true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:BPV http://eol.org/pages/5091 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2154 Brachyplatystoma flavicans (Castelnau 1855) amazon catfish brachyplatystoma flavicans south american catfish obsolete: brazilian catfish true http://langual.org GRIN:3959 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2156 Argemone mexicana L. argemone argemony argenone mexicana mexican prickly-poppy mexican-poppy prickly poppy plant Melia azedarach is a species of deciduous tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, that is native to Indomalaya and Australasia. Leaves and fruit (in quantity) are toxic to humans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melia_azedarach http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Melia_azedarach_01434.jpg/320px-Melia_azedarach_01434.jpg http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2157 Cape lilac Indian lilac Persian lilac Pride of India bead-tree syringa berrytree melia azedarach sadao chinaberry tree http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2158 celosia argentea soko feather cockscomb plant obsolete: yellow nutsedge plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2160 groundsel plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/37840 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2161 rhus spp. sumac plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7125 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2162 craylets galatheidae squat lobsters squat lobster family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7174 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2163 palinuridae spiny lobster family obsolete: caribbean spiny lobster true obsolete: ornate spiny lobster true obsolete: cape spiny lobster true obsolete: gilchrist spiny lobster true obsolete: japanese spiny lobster true obsolete: longlegged spiny lobster true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5499 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2170 moridae morid cod family obsolete: asafoetida plant true http://langual.org GRIN:24520 MANSFELD:3744 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2172 Momordica charantia L. momordica balsamina balsam apple plant obsolete: scaled sardine true obsolete: gafftopsail catfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25047 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2175 diodon spp. fugu porcupinefish obsolete: peruvian menhaden true obsolete: american eel true obsolete: horse-eye jack true obsolete: red cod true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24688 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2180 centropristis spp. sea bass obsolete: striped bass true obsolete: largemouth bass true obsolete: white catfish true obsolete: cape dory true obsolete: snake mackerel true obsolete: unicorn filefish true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2187 Opsanus Rafinesque, 1818 opsanus toadfish obsolete: indian threadfin true obsolete: striped bonito true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/17440 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2191 semotilus spp. creek chub obsolete: chilean pilchard true obsolete: ocean quahog true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24940 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2195 prionotus spp. searobin http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25337 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2198 menticirrhus spp. weakfish kingfish http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2200 batrachoidiformes fish, batrachoidiform obsolete: pronghorn spiny lobster true obsolete: common spiny lobster true obsolete: scalloped spiny lobster true A small, lobster-like crustacean found in the cold, deep waters off the coast of Chile. http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PQG http://eol.org/pages/7125 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2205 Pleuroncodes monodon Pleuroncodes monodon (H. Milne Edwards 1837) carrot squat lobster galathea monodon pleuroncodes monodon red crab squat lobster langostino colorado http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CZJ http://eol.org/pages/7125 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2206 chilean baby crawfish deep sea cray sea cray south pacific shellfish Cervimunida johni Cervimunida johni Porter 1903 blue squat lobster cervinumida johni langostino amarillo http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/15013 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2207 ibacus spp. fan lobster obsolete: royal spiny lobster true King crabs are a taxon of crab-like decapod crustaceans chiefly found in cold seas. Because of their large size and the taste of their meat, many species are widely caught and sold as food, the most common being the red king crab (*Paralithodes camtschaticus*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_crab] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7152 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2209 Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 king crabs lithodidae king crab family obsolete: blue king crab true obsolete: red king crab true *Portunidae* is a family of crabs which contains the swimming crabs. Its members include many well-known shoreline crabs, such as the European shore crab (*Carcinus maenas*), blue crab (*Callinectes sapidus*), velvet crab (*Necora puber*) and lady crab (*Ovalipes ocellatus*). Two genera in the family are contrastingly named *Scylla* and *Charybdis*; the former contains the economically important species black crab (*Scylla serrata*) and *Scylla paramamosain*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2212 portunidae swimming crabs swimming crab family obsolete: blue swimming crab true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1287 FAO ASFIS:GAZ http://eol.org/pages/7194 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2214 Portunus trituberculatus (Miers 1876) Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) formosan crab gazami crab portunus trituberculatus oriental blue crab Mud crab may refer to any crab that lives in or near mud, such as: species from family *Portunidae*, such as *Scylla serrata*; *Scylla tranquebarica*; *Scylla paramamosain*; members of the family *Panopeidae*, such as *Panopeus herbstii*; members of the family *Xanthidae*; *Helice crassa*, the tunnelling mud crab. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_crab] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7194 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2215 mud crabs panopeidae pebble crabs portunidae rubble crabs scylla spp. xanthidae mud crab family obsolete: smooth redeye crab true obsolete: rough redeye crab true *Coenobitidae* are the family of terrestrial hermit crabs, widely known for their land-living habits. They are found in coastal tropical regions around the world and require access to the ocean to breed. There are 17 species in two genera: Coenobita Latreille, 1829; Birgus Leach, 1816. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenobitidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604272 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2218 coenobitidae land hermit crabs coconut crab family http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:BQL http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2219 Birgus latro (Linnaeus 1767) birgus latro purse crab robber crab coconut crab [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2220 grapsidae marsh crabs shore crabs talon crabs shore, marsh and talon crab family obsolete: striped shore crab true *Majidae* is a family of crabs, comprising around 200 marine species inside 52 genera, with a carapace that is longer than it is broad, and which forms a point at the front. The legs can be very long in some species, leading to the name "spider crab". The exoskeleton is covered with bristles to which the crab attaches algae and other items to act as camouflage. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2222 majidae spider crab family obsolete: grooved tanner crab true obsolete: triangle tanner crab true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2225 Chionoecetes japonicus beni-zuwai crab chionoecetes japonicus japanese spider crab *Dromiidae* is a family of crabs, often referred to as sponge crabs. They are small or medium-sized crabs which get their name from the ability to shape a living sponge into a portable shelter for themselves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2226 dromiidae sponge crabs sponge crab family obsolete: hairy sponge crab true [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geryonidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2228 deepsea crabs geryonidae deep sea crab family obsolete: pacific deep sea crab true *Atelecyclidae* is a family of crabs belonging to the Cancroidea superfamily, and currently contains eight genera of which two are extinct. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelecyclidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2230 atelecyclidae horse crabs horse crab family obsolete: red swamp crayfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/36138 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2232 dublin bay prawn metanephrops nei metanephrops spp. deep sea lobster obsolete: blue shrimp true obsolete: whiteleg shrimp true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5121 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2235 triglidae searobin family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2236 eutrema wasabi japanese horseradish wasabia japonica wasabi plant obsolete: kahawai true obsolete: white trevally true obsolete: northern puffer true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4228 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2241 cactaceae cactus plant An adult male swine. 2020-04-01T23:10:20Z wild boar boar obsolete: bluefin searobin true Salmo is a genus of fish in the salmon family Salmonidae that includes the European species of salmon and trout, among them the familiar Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the brown trout Salmo trutta. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2250 salmo spp. salmo obsolete: green jack true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5262 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2253 threadfine polynemidae threadfin family obsolete: silver carp true Black pepper consists of unripe whole fruit that are sundried. White pepper consists of the seeds only of ripe fruit. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2255 piper nigrum black or white pepper plant obsolete: blood snapper true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://eol.org/pages/2295 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2261 Paphies subtriangulata Paphies ventricosa paphies subtriangulatum paphies ventricosa tuatua new zealand wedge clam *Lippia graveolens*, a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, *Verbenaceae*, is native to the southwestern United States (Texas and southern New Mexico), Mexico, and Central America as far south as Nicaragua. Common names include Mexican oregano, redbrush lippia, orégano Cimmaron, scented lippia, and scented matgrass. The essential oil of *Lippia graveolens* contains 0-81% thymol, 0-48% carvacrol, 3-30% para-cymene, and 0-15% eucalyptol. The first two components give the plant a flavor similar to oregano, and the leaves are widely used as an herb in Mexico and Central America [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippia_graveolens] http://langual.org GRIN:101142 ITIS:32068 PLANTS:LIGR6 http://eol.org/pages/4304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2262 Lippia graveolens Kunth lippia graveolens mexican marjoram mexican oregano mexican sage mexican sage, origan mexican wild sage oregano, lippia oreganum origan sage, mexican oregano, mexican (plant) *Batrachoididae* is the only family in the ray-finned fish order Batrachoidiformes. Members of this family are usually called toadfish, or "frogfish": both the English common name and scientific name refer to their toad-like appearance. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrachoididae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2264 batrachoididae toadfish family The Scorpaeniformes are a diverse order of ray-finned fish, including the well-known lionfish, but have also been called the Scleroparei. It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species with over 1,320. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpaeniformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5120 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2265 scorpaeniformes fish, scorpaeniform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8902 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2267 chimaeriformes fish, chimaeriform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8903 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2268 callorhinchidae callorhynchidae elephatfish plownose chimera family obsolete: elephant fish true obsolete: garden cress plant true obsolete: bandtail puffer true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2272 wild caia plant Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as West Indian lemon grass or simply lemon grass, is a tropical plant native to Island Southeast Asia and introduced to many tropical regions. Cymbopogon citratus is often sold in stem form. http://langual.org GRIN:12797 MANSFELD:36188 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2273 lemon grass lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. cymbopogon citratus fever grass west indian lemongrass lemon grass plant http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:UAG ITIS:171055 http://eol.org/pages/5190 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2274 Astroscopus guttatus Abbott, 1860 astroscopus guttatus spotted stargazer http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5190 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2275 uranoscopidae stargazer family obsolete: tautog true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2277 Labridae Cuvier, 1816 labridae wrasse family obsolete: european john dory true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2279 cellana denticulata fissurellidae lapa patella caerulea patella vulgata true limpets limpet obsolete: queenfish true obsolete: white croaker true obsolete: red porgy true obsolete: humpback whitefish true obsolete: mexican flounder true obsolete: harvestfish true obsolete: scrawled sole true obsolete: naked sole true obsolete: hogchoker true obsolete: blue cod true Weevers (or weeverfish) are 9 extant species of fishes of family *Trachinidae*, order Perciformes. They are long (up to 37 cm), mainly brown in color, and have venomous spines on their first dorsal fins and gills. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weever] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5195 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2291 trachinidae weeverfish family obsolete: eelpout true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1704 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2293 lacertilia squamata lizard http://langual.org CEC 1993:194 FAO ASFIS:CPI http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2294 Sardinops caeruleus (Girard 1854) Sardinops caeruleus (Girard, 1854) californian sardine sardinops caeruleus california pilchard Zanthoxylum (including Fagara) is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family, Rutaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. Common names include Prickly-ash and Hercules' Club. WIKIPEDIA:Zanthoxylum http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38359 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2295 zanthoxylum spp. prickly ash plant obsolete: devil ray true obsolete: devilfish true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2298 mobulidae manta family obsolete: conger eel true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8292 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2300 congridae conger eel family obsolete: sand perch true obsolete: inconnu true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5385 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2303 acanthuridae surgeonfish family obsolete: blue warehou true obsolete: kanda true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2306 zanthoxylum piperitum japan pepper plant obsolete: striped snakehead true obsolete: snakehead true The snakeheads are members of the freshwater perciform fish family *Channidae*, native to parts of Africa and Asia. These elongated, predatory fish are distinguished by their long dorsal fins, large mouths, and shiny teeth. They breathe air with gills, which allows them to migrate short distances over land. They are valuable as a food source and have become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakehead_(fish)] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5349 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2309 channidae snakehead family The Betel (*Piper betle*) is a spice whose leaves have medicinal properties. The plant is evergreen and perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins, and grows to a height of about 1 metre. The Betel plant originated in Malaysia and now grows in India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The best Betel leaf is the "Magahi" variety (literally from the Magadha region) grown near Patna in Bihar, India. The plant is known by a series of different names in the regions in which it is consumed - among these are Vetrilai (Tamil) (Source: WIKIPEDIA:Betel). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2310 betle pepper piper betle betel plant Betel nut, also known as Pinang or Areca nut, is the seed of the Betel Palm (*Areca catechu*). Betel nuts are often chewed for their helpful effects, which are caused by the relatively high levels of alkaloids in the seed. Chewing betel nuts is an important and popular cultural activity in many Asian countries WIKIPEDIA:Betel_nut http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2311 areca catechu betel nut palm plant obsolete: dusky smooth-hound true obsolete: john's snapper true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2314 gasterochisma melampus gastoro butterfly mackerel Amanatsu or natsumikan is a yellowish orange citrus hybrid fruit, a group of cultivars of *Citrus natsudaidai*, which were discovered in 1740 in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan. Natsumikan is about the size of grapefruit and oblate in shape. The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. The rough textured fruit is easy to peel and is commonly eaten fresh. It is also used for wide variety of products ranging from marmalades to alcoholic beverages. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanatsu] http://langual.org GRIN:10757 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2315 Citrus natsudaidai Hayata citrus aurantium subsp. nastridaidai citrus natsudaidai golden oriental grapefruit summer orange summer tangerine summer orange plant obsolete: silver catfish true obsolete: african mudfish true obsolete: neet (fish) true obsolete: calico clam true obsolete: atlantic seabob true *Turbinidae*, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily *Trochoidea*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbinidae] http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1315 FAO ASFIS:TOS http://eol.org/pages/50502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2321 Turbo cornutus Turbo cornutus Lightfoot 1786 nonodonta turbinata turban snail turbinidae turbo turbo cornutus top shell obsolete: rock shell snail true obsolete: hemp plant true obsolete: western australian gizzard shad true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2325 makaira nigricans pacific blue marlin blue marlin http://langual.org ITIS:205635 http://eol.org/pages/2298 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2326 Ensis americanus (Gould, 1870) ensis americanus siligna patula american razor clam obsolete: roughy true obsolete: orange roughy true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2329 trichilia emetica mafurra plant *Dolichos* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, and the subfamily *Faboideae*. It is distributed in Africa and Asia. The lablab bean (*Lablab purpureus*) was formerly included in *Dolichos*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolichos_(plant)] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/28202 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2330 dolichos plant http://langual.org GRIN: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2331 Phleum pratense L. phleum pratense timothy plant obsolete: sweet clover plant true obsolete: red clover plant true obsolete: chain pickerel true obsolete: bar jack true obsolete: eurasian perch true http://langual.org GRIN:13114 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2337 Dactylis glomerata L. cocksfoot dactylis glomerata orchard grass plant http://langual.org GRIN:16631 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2338 Festuca arundinacea Schreb. alta fescue festuca arundinacea festuca elatior meadow fescue tall fescue reed fescue plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2339 african marigold big marigold tagetes erecta aztec marigold plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12474 GRIN:403169 ITIS:506987 PLANTS:FRPU7 http://eol.org/pages/4381 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2340 Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper Rhamnus purshiana DC. frangula purshiana rhamnus purshiana cascara buckthorn plant obsolete: job's tears plant true The *Gecarcinidae*, the land crabs, are a family of true crabs that are adapted for terrestrial existence. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2342 cangrejos gecarcinidae land crab family obsolete: golden king crab true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2344 amorphophallus konjac amorphophallus rivieri hydrosme rivieri leopard palm devils tongue plant obsolete: brazilian pepper tree true obsolete: barbados aloe plant true obsolete: fire thorn plant true obsolete: atlantic rock crab true A taxonomic family of crabs http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2351 cancridae rack crabs rock crab family obsolete: common rye plant true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:JSC http://eol.org/pages/2249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2353 Patinopecten yessoensis Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay 1857) amusium japanic patinopecten yessoensis japanese scallop obsolete: japanese littleneck clam true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2355 allium cepa cipollini onion cipollini plant obsolete: softshell clam true obsolete: owl limpet true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://eol.org/pages/2379 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2358 Fissurella maxima fissurella maxima giant keyhole limpet obsolete: liza true obsolete: otaheite gooseberry plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2362 agropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrass wheatgrass plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2363 shorea robusta sal tree http://langual.org obsolete european hake true http://langual.org CEC 1993:848 FAO ASFIS:CTA http://eol.org/pages/5348 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2366 Cheilodactylus bergi Norman 1937 Cheilodactylus bergi Norman, 1937 cheilodactylus bergi morwong http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5265 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2367 Pinguipes Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829 pinguipes spp. sandperch The sandperches are a family, *Pinguipedidae*, of fishes in the order Perciformes. Sandperches typically live on sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. The anterior end of the fish is cylindrical and the posterior end partially flattened. The eyes are on the top of the head and the fish lie on the seabed, propped up by their widely separated pelvic fins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandperch] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5265 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2368 pinguipedidae sandperch family obsolete: vendace true obsolete: bloch's gizzard shad true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8247 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2372 adrianichthyidae ricefish family obsolete: sea catfish true obsolete: weakfish true obsolete: black pomfret true obsolete: striped weakfish true obsolete: rainbow runner true obsolete: american sand lance true obsolete: yellow jack true obsolete: speckled flounder true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1381 FAO ASFIS:HCJ http://eol.org/pages/2310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2386 Meretrix lusoria (Roding, 1798) Meretrix lusoria (Röding, 1798) meretrix lusoria japanese hard clam http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:GSU http://eol.org/pages/5203 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2388 Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) chrysophrys unicolor pagrus auratus squirefish sea bream obsolete: wrasse true obsolete: yellowfin grouper true obsolete: greater amberjack true obsolete: pickhandle barracuda true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:616423 http://eol.org/pages/5174 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2393 Paralichthys microps Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881) paralichthys microps smalleye flounder http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24020 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2394 globefish sphoeroides spp. puffer http://langual.org GRIN: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2397 Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt chinese mustard cabbage mustard cabbage plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/61097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2398 spondias dulcis spondias lutea spondias mombin spondias purpurea spondias spp. ciruela plant obsolete: scup true obsolete: arrowroot plant true obsolete: monkfish true obsolete: white sucker true http://langual.org FISHBASE: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2403 Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) lepomis gibbosus pumpkinseed http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5448 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2404 lophiiformes fish, lophiiform Anglerfishes are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a fleshy growth from the fish's head (the esca or illicium) acts as a lure. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglerfish] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5455 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2405 anglerfishes lophiidae lophius spp. goosefish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7664 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2406 ursidae bear Beefalo are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle, *Bos taurus*, and the American bison, *Bison bison* (generally called buffalo in the US). The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals with a view towards beef production. WIKIPEDIA:Beefalo http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2407 bos taurus x bison bison beefalo http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1492 FAO ASFIS:JEL http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2408 Rhopilema spp Rhopilema spp. medusae rhopilema spp. jellyfish *Coelenterata* is an obsolete term encompassing the animal phyla *Cnidaria* (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their allies) and *Ctenophora* (comb jellies). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenterata] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2409 coelenterata coelenterate obsolete: green turtle true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:AYW http://eol.org/pages/32239 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2413 Malaclemys terrapin (Schoepff, 1793) malademys spp. diamondback terrapin A pea variety that yeilds yellow-colored seeds at maturity. Damion Dooley http://langual.org Yellow Pea varieties grown in North America for human consumption include Belinda, Century, Impala, Lenca, Miranda, Paloma, Renata, Tipu and Victoria. A variety called “Procon” is used for animal feed; the variety called “Trapper” is grown as feed for birds. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2414 yellow field pea plant MANSFELD:23903 brassica oleracea var. bullata savoy cabbage plant obsolete: chinese chestnut tree true obsolete: japanese chestnut tree true obsolete: welsh onion plant true http://langual.org GRIN:2409 MANSFELD:64 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2419 allium tuberosum chinese chive garlic chive oriental garlic Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. chinese chive plant obsolete: ivy gourd plant true obsolete:gai lan plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5380 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2422 anabantidae gurami climbing perch family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2423 Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860 gouramy trichopsis spp. croaking gourami http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2424 selar spp. bigeye scads (Selar spp) The Amiiformes order of fish has only one extant species, the bowfin (*Amia calva*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8296 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2425 amiiformes fish, amiiform http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2426 freshwater bass obsolete: smallmouth bass true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2428 salt-brackish water bass obsolete: wels catfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2217 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2432 anadara clams nei anadara spp. arca spp. arcidae barbatia spp. arkshells obsolete: california sea cucumber true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/12679 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2434 tilapia spp. tilapia http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2435 amiidae bowfin family obsolete: bowfin true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/15711 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2438 Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758 crotalus crotalus spp. rattlesnake http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1658 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2439 cebidae monkey http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2440 alligator spp. alligatoridae caymans alligator http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2441 crocodylidae crocodylus spp. crocodile obsolete: asiatic pennywort plant true http://langual.org GRIN:21959 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2443 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit ipil-ipil jumbie bean leadtree leucaena leucocephala leucaena plant obsolete: neem plant true obsolete: water mimosa plant true obsolete: ramie plant true obsolete: durian tree (Durio zibethinus) true http://langual.org GRIN:33013 PLANTS:SAKO4 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2449 Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr. red santol sandoricum koetjape santol plant Bracken (*Pteridium*) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family *Dennstaedtiaceae*. *Pteridium aquilinum* (bracken or common bracken) is the most common species with a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in temperate and subtropical regions throughout much of the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracken] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/37807 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2450 brake (plant) pteridium aquilinum pteridium esculentum pteris aquilina bracken fern plant *Lilium* bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of *L. lancifolium, L. pumilum*, and especially *L. brownii* are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller (Source: WIKIPEDIA:Lily). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2451 lilium spp. lily plant Radicchio is a cultivated form of leaf chicory (*Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae*), sometimes known as Italian chicory, and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted. radicchio radicchio plant A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having certain tissue that conducts water and nutrients, and having branched stems. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (*Polypodiidae*) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter itself comprising "ferns" other than those denominated "true ferns": horsetails (including scouring rushes), whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns are not as important economically as seed plants but have considerable importance in some societies. Some ferns are used for food, including the fiddleheads of *Pteridium aquilinum* (bracken), *Matteuccia struthiopteris* (ostrich fern), and *Osmundastrum cinnamomeum* (cinnamon fern). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2453 fiddlehead pteridophyta fern plant Acacia pennata (English: Climbing wattle, Thai: Cha-om, Burmese Su pout ywet) is a species of acacia which is native to South and Southeast Asia. In Burma, Laos and Thailand, the feathery shoots of Acacia pennata are used in soups, curries, omelettes and stir-fries. The edible shoots are picked up before they become tough and thorny.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha_om] WIKIPEDIA:Cha_om http://langual.org GRIN:954 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2455 Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. acacia pennata cha om climbing wattle plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2456 pak kard plant *Piper sarmentosum* is a plant in the *Piperaceae* family used in many Southeast Asian cuisines. The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller. WIKIPEDIA:Piper_sarmentosum http://langual.org GRIN:423501 http://eol.org/pages/4351 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2457 Piper sarmentosum Roxb. piper sarmentosum chaa phluu plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2458 sato sataw plant obsolete: bay scallop true obsolete: red drum true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2461 careya sphaerica phak kradon kradon plant obsolete: chinese swamp cabbage plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2463 macrotyloma uniflorum horse gram bean plant obsolete: brine shrimp true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2465 artemiidae brine shrimps LanguaL curation note: Renamed from Anostraca shrimp family (order Anostraca Sars, 1867). artemiidae shrimp family http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8701 GRIN:10759 ITIS:506397 MANSFELD:7684 PLANTS:CINO3 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2468 Citrus nobilis Lour. Citrus x nobilis Lour. citrus nobilis citrus nobilis cv. king citrus x nobilis king mandarin orange tangor king orange plant http://langual.org GRIN:314330 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2469 Citrus temple hort. ex Yu. Tanaka citrus nobilis cv. temple citrus temple temple orange plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25488 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2470 isurus spp. longfin mako shortfin mako shortfin makos mako shark obsolete: shortfin mako shark true obsolete: longfin mako shark true A pea variety whose seeds are safe to eat in small quantities. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2473 matrie Lathyrus aphaca L. yellow pea plant lathyrus aphaca yellow vetchling plant http://langual.org obsolete: rocket plant true obsolete: teff plant true Gasterosteiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the sticklebacks and relatives. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5490 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2478 gasterosteiformes fish, gasterosteiform obsolete: black cherry plant true obsolete: grass shrimp true obsolete: round scad true obsolete: hogfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5494 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2483 gasterosteidae stickleback family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2484 scomberesox spp. saury http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/27358 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2485 genypterus spp. kingklip http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2486 squat lobster langostino lobster obsolete: yellow croaker true obsolete: silverfish true obsolete: yellow sole true obsolete: palometa true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/41589 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2491 bay lobster sand lobster scyllarides spp. slipper lobster obsolete: barberry plant true obsolete: pepino plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/699 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2495 formicidae ant (insect) The grasshopper is an insect of the suborder *Caelifera* in the order *Orthoptera*. To distinguish it from bush crickets or katydids, it is sometimes referred to as the short-horned grasshopper. Species that change colour and behaviour at high population densities are called locusts. WIKIPEDIA:Grasshopper http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2634375 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2496 Acheta domesticus caelifera grasshopper Aulopiformes is a diverse order of marine ray-finned fish consisting of some 15 extant and several prehistoric families with about 45 genera and over 230 species. The common names grinners, lizardfishes and allies or aulopiforms are sometimes used for this group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulopiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8250 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2497 aulopiformes fish, aulopiform http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2498 synodontidae lizardfish family obsolete: bombay duck true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2501 arctica spp. mercenaria spp. quahog A species of sedge (Cyperaceae) native to Africa, southern and central Europe (north to France and Austria), and southern Asia. http://langual.org Despite the bitter taste of the tubers, they are edible and have nutritional value. The plant has a high amount of carbohydrates.[Wikipedia] DPNL 2003 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2503 cyperus rotundus nutgrass plant purple nutsedge plant red nutsedge plant obsolete: kodo millet plant true The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. They do not form a taxonomic group, but rather a functional or agronomic one. Their essential similarities are that they are small-seeded grasses grown in difficult production environments such as those at risk of drought. They have been in cultivation in East Asia for the last 10,000 years. WIKIPEDIA:Millet http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2505 poaceae millet plant obsolete: morello cherry plant true The spaghetti squash (*Cucurbita pepo* var. *fastigata*) (also called vegetable spaghetti, noodle squash, vegetable marrow, spaghetti marrow, and squaghetti) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti. WIKIPEDIA:Spaghetti_squash http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2508 cucurbita pepo var. fastigata vegetable spaghetti spaghetti squash plant obsolete: butternut squash plant true http://langual.org GRIN: GRIN:311569 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2510 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne subsp. maxima cucurbita maxima var. banana cucurbita maxima var. maxima banana squash plant *Cucurbita maxima*, one of at least four species of cultivated squash, is one of the most diverse domesticated species. This species originated in South America from the wild Cucurbita andreana over 4000 years ago. Hubbard squash is a cultivar of this species that usually has a tear-drop shape. They are often used as a replacement for pumpkins in cooking.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita_maxima] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9050 GRIN:12597 ITIS:22369 PLANTS:CUMA3 http://eol.org/pages/584406 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2511 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae cucurbita maxima cucurbita maxima var. hubbard hubbard squash plant obsolete: african rice plant true obsolete: bilimbi plant true obsolete: ajowan plant true obsolete: ayu true obsolete: oriental cashew plant true obsolete: fuzzy melon plant true *Physalis* is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family (*Solanaceae*), which grow in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Most of the species, of which there may be 75-90, are indigenous to the New World. Cultivated species and weedy annuals have been introduced worldwide. A notable feature is the formation of a large papery husk derived from the calyx, which partly or fully encloses the fruit. The fruit is small and orange, similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physalis] http://langual.org GRIN:300461 PLANTS:PHYSA http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2519 Physalis L. Physalis spp. groundcherry husk tomato physalis spp. ground cherry plant A cross between red raspberry and other bramble berry species [The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press 1990, page 571]. Tayberry (*Rubus idaeus x fruticosus*) is a cultivated shrub in the genus *Rubus* of the family *Rosaceae* patented in 1979 as a cross between a loganberry and the black raspberry . WIKIPEDIA:Tayberry http://langual.org GRIN:104968 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2520 Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey rubus idaeus x fructicosus tayberry plant Red kuri squash is thin skinned orange colored winter squash, that has the appearance of a small pumpkin without the ridges. It belongs to the Hubbard squash group. Inside the hard outer skin there is a firm flesh that provides a very delicate and mellow chestnut-like flavor. Red kuri squash is commonly called "Japanese squash", "orange Hokkaido squash", "baby red hubbard squash", or "Uchiki kuri squash". In Japan, the word kuri may refer to either the squash discussed in this article or to Japanese chestnuts. In France, it is called potimarron, and in the United Kingdom, it is commonly called "onion squash".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_kuri_squash] http://langual.org ITIS:22369 http://eol.org/pages/584406 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2523 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Hokkaido squash red Hokkaido squash sweet meat squash japanese pumpkin japanese squash kabocha squash kuri squash nam gwa red kuri squash plant obsolete: euryale plant true obsolete: tope shark true The deep-sea spiny eels are a family, *Notacanthidae*, of fishes found worldwide below 125 m (410 ft), and as deep as 3,500 m (11,500 ft). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notacanthidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5415 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2526 notacanthidae spiny eel family obsolete: spiny eel true obsolete: beluga true obsolete: climbing perch true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25902 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2530 bembrops spp. flathead obsolete: duckbill flathead true obsolete: goby flathead true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8284 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2533 nettastomatidae duckbill eel family obsolete: pike-conger true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:636217 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2535 Hoplunnis diomediana Hoplunnis diomediana Goode and Bean, 1896 hoplunnis diomediana pike-conger, blacktail blacktail pike-conger obsolete: freckled pike-conger true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2537 spotted pike-conger obsolete: pacific geoduck true http://langual.org GRIN:16772 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2539 Ficus aspera G. Forst. ficus aspera mosaic fig clown fig plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/17798 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2541 goby periophthalmus spp. mudskipper A true goby is a fish in the family Gobiidae. http://langual.org goby http://eol.org/pages/5319 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2542 gobi fish gobiidae true goby The Gonorynchiformes are an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (*Chanos chanos*, family *Chanidae*), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater. The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorynchiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5483 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2543 gonorynchiformes fish, gonorynchiform *Albulidae* is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefishes] American Fisheries Society. \n\n*Albulidae* is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefishes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8298 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2544 albuliformes fish, albuliform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8295 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2545 anguillidae freshwater eel family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5348 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2546 cheilodactylidae jackassfish morwong family Siluridae is the nominate family of catfishes in the order Siluriformes. There are about 105 living species of silurids in 14 genera. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluridae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5086 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2547 siluridae sheatfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5487 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2548 chanidae milkfish family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2549 california pepper chili verde pepper pepper, anaheim anaheim pepper plant obsolete: ancho pepper plant true The Chile de árbol (Spanish for tree chili) is a small and potent Mexican chili pepper also known as bird's beak chile and rat's tail chile. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_de_árbol] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2551 Chile de árbol arbol pepper arbol pepper plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2552 pepper, cascabel sleigh bell pepper cascabel pepper plant The Lamniformes are an order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks (which may also refer specifically to the family *Lamnidae*). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white and extinct megalodon, as well as more unusual representatives, such as the goblin shark and megamouth shark. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamniformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1874 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2553 lamniformes mackerel shark fish, lamniform A guajillo chili or guajillo chile is a variety of chile pepper of the species *Capsicum annuum* which is widely used in the cuisine of Mexico. Its heat (rating 2,500 to 5,000 on the Scoville scale) is considered mild to medium. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajillo_chili] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2554 pepper, guajillo guajillo pepper plant obsolete: habanero pepper plant true A pimiento, pimento, or cherry pepper is a variety of large, red, heart-shaped chili pepper (*Capsicum annuum*) that measures 3 to 4 in (7 to 10 cm) long and 2 to 3 in (5 to 7 cm) wide (medium, elongate). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimiento] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2556 bird cherry pepper capsicum annuum, cerasiforme group creole cherry pepper hot cherry pepper hungarian cherry pepper pepper, hot cherry cherry pepper plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2557 pepper, mulato mulato pepper plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2558 chili de ristra pepper pepper, new mexico red wreath chili pepper new mexico red pepper plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2559 pepper, poblano poblano pepper plant The pasilla chile or chile negro is the dried form of the chilaca chili pepper, a long and narrow member of species *Capsicum annuum*. In the United States, producers and grocers often incorrectly use "pasilla" to describe the poblano, a different, wider variety of pepper, the dried form of which is called an ancho. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasilla] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2560 chilaca chili pepper pepper, pasilla pasilla pepper plant Pequin (or Piquin) pepper a hot chili pepper cultivar commonly used as a spice. Taxonomically, it is classified within variety *glabriusculum* of the species *Capsicum annuum*. WIKIPEDIA:Pequin_pepper http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8332 GRIN:102342 PLANTS:CAANG http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2561 Capsicum annuum L. Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill american bird pepper bird pepper chile pequin chilipequin chiltepin pepper, pequin turkey pepper pequin pepper plant obsolete: rocotillo pepper plant true The serrano pepper (*Capsicum annuum*) is a type of chili pepper that originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrano_pepper] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2563 pepper, serrano serrano pepper plant Bird's eye chili, bird eye chili, bird's chili, chile de árbol, piri piri or Thai chili is a chili pepper, a cultivar from the species *Capsicum annuum*, commonly found in Ethiopia and Southeast Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%27s_eye_chili] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2564 bird eye chili pepper, thai thai pepper plant http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:643073 http://eol.org/pages/5294 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2565 Hoplopagrus guentherii Hoplopagrus guentherii Gill, 1862 hoplopagrus guentheri pargo raisero pargo, striped striped pargo obsolete: painted sweetlips true obsolete: red mullet true obsolete: sailfin sandfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5193 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2569 trichodontidae sandfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24839 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2570 northern flounder pleuronectes spp. plaice http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/23904 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2571 brama spp. pomfret http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5064 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2572 Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810 hippocampus spp. seahorse http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5064 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2573 syngnathidae pipefish family The family *Crangonidae* is a taxon of shrimp, of the superfamily *Crangonoidea*, including the commercially important species *Crangon crangon*. Its type genus is *Crangon*. Twenty-four genera are included in the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crangonidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2574 crangonidae crangonid shrimp family obsolete: sand shrimp true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5049 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2576 oreosomatidae oreo dory family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/26627 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2577 allocyttus spp. oreo dory obsolete: black oreo dory true obsolete: smooth oreo dory true obsolete: northern pink shrimp true obsolete: yellowfin sole true obsolete: flathead catfish species true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2583 pepper, cubanelle cubanelle pepper plant obsolete: sharptail mola true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5059 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2586 headfish molidae ocean sunfish trunkfish mola family obsolete: coney true obsolete: gulf coney true http://langual.org 2008 FDA:Seafood List http://eol.org/pages/2294 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2590 Mactra sachalinensis clam, hen mactra sachalinensis hen clam http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1895 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2591 bonnethead sharks hammerhead sharks sphyrnidae hammerhead shark family obsolete: scalloped hammerhead true obsolete: great hammerhead true obsolete: bonnethead true obsolete: smooth hammerhead true obsolete: smalleye hammerhead true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25471 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2598 bonnethead shark shark, bonnethead shark, hammerhead sphyrna spp. hammerhead shark http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2599 fundulus spp. killifish A hybrid cross between broccoli and cauliflower having milder taste than cauliflower and a light green color... broccoflower has the physical attributes of a white cauliflower, but the curd color is lime-green [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoflower] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2600 green cauliflower broccoflower plant *Alpinia galanga* (also *Languas galanga*), a plant in the ginger family, is an herb used in cooking, especially in Indonesian and Thai cuisines. It is one of four plants known as galangal and is differentiated from the others with the common name greater galangal (or simply Thai galangal). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_galanga] http://langual.org GRIN:2666 MANSFELD:3422 http://eol.org/pages/8183 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2601 Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. alpinia galanga galangal galangale java root kha (spice) languas laos (spice) thai ginger greater galangal plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5365 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2602 caesionidae fusilier family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25241 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2603 blue fusilier caesio spp. fusilier http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2604 caesio lunaris fusilier, lunar lunar fusilier http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FJR ITIS:550961 http://eol.org/pages/5365 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2605 Caesio suevica Klunzinger 1884 Caesio suevica Klunzinger, 1884 caesio suevica fusilier, suez suez fusilier http://langual.org ITIS:550960 http://eol.org/pages/5365 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2606 Caesio striata Rüppell, 1830 caesio striata fusilier, striated striated fusilier obsolete: yellow bullhead true obsolete: plumed scorpionfish true A black berry that is a cross between the loganberry and the youngberry cultivated in California and Oregon [CFSAN thesaurus]. http://langual.org GRIN:104971 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2609 Rubus Hybr. rubus hybr. olallieberry plant A ewe is a female sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2610 ewe A female goat nanny goat doe (goat) obsolete: giant tiger prawn true obsolete: redtail prawn true obsolete: argentine red shrimp true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1715 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2615 gekkonidae gecko *Juglans mandshurica*, the Manchurian walnut, is a deciduous tree of the genus *Juglans* (section Cardiocaryon), native to the Eastern Asiatic Region (China, Russian Far East, North Korea and South Korea). It grows to about 25 m. The kernels of the nuts are edible, but small and difficult to extract. WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_mandshurica http://langual.org GRIN:20758 PLANTS:JUMA8 http://eol.org/pages/4299 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2616 Juglans mandshurica Maxim. chinese butternut juglans mandshurica manchurian walnut walnut, chinese LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chinese walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *CHINESE WALNUT [B2616]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). chinese walnut tree Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family *Cyprinidae*, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. In colloquial use, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as *Cyprinus carpio* (common carp), *Carassius carassius* (Crucian carp), *Ctenopharyngodon idella* (grass carp), *Hypophthalmichthys molitrix* (silver carp), and *Hypophthalmichthys nobilis* (bighead carp). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2617 cyprinidae carp http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5521 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2618 cyprinodontidae killifish family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2620 catfish obsolete: lemon balm plant true http://langual.org obsolete: brown durra plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8695 GRIN:313479 PLANTS:CIMA9 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2625 Citrus madurensis Lour. X Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands citrus madurensis panama orange x citrofortunella microcarpa x citrofortunella mitis calamondin plant The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper or pepper in the United Kingdom, Canada and Ireland, and capsicum in Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore and New Zealand) is a cultivar group of the species *Capsicum annuum*. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper varieties as "sweet peppers". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_pepper] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8332 GRIN:311784 GRIN:8904 ITIS:30492 MANSFELD:6120 PLANTS:CAAN4 http://eol.org/pages/581098 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2628 sweet pepper plant Capsicum annuum L. Capsicum anuum L. capsicum frutescens var. grossum bell pepper plant Unripe fruit of red or yellow bell pepper varieties. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2629 green pepper plant green bell pepper plant Ripe fruit of red bell pepper varieties. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2630 red bell sweet pepper plant red sweet pepper plant LanguaL curation note: Do not confuse with *RED PEPPER*. red bell pepper plant Ripe fruit of yellow bell pepper varieties. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2631 yellow bell pepper plant Long and conical in shape, the Italian Sweet Pepper is a popular variety of chile pepper commonly used in Italian cooking. Often referred to as a frying pepper, it is frequently sautéed in olive oil. [https://www.cayennediane.com/big-list-of-hot-peppers/] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2632 Italian sweet red pepper italian long sweet red pepper italian sweet pepper capsicum annuum, conoides group cone pepper plant Grouped together because of similar use. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2633 paprika, hot red pepper (pungent pepper variety) pungent pepper variety plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2635 capsicum annuum, fasciculatum group red cluster pepper cluster pepper plant http://langual.org GRIN:8913 MANSFELD:6121 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2636 Capsicum frutescens L. capsicum frutescens tabasco pepper plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2637 amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac konjac plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25218 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2642 seriola spp. amberjack http://langual.org obsolete chilean hake true obsolete: european whiting true obsolete: silver hake true obsolete: asian clam true obsolete: lemon sole true obsolete: fringescale sardinella true obsolete: sanddab true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24568 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2650 parupeneus spp. upeneus spp. goatfish http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/26569 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2651 ulua trevally http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5260 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2652 pomacanthidae angelfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24478 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2653 angelfish obsolete: eulachon true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2655 squirrelfish family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2656 holocentrus spp. menpachi squirrelfish http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2657 seatrout Cynoscion Gill, 1861 cynoscion weakfish group http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5286 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2658 mullidae goatfish family Fleawort is a common name for several plants, especially *Plantago* and *Senecio* species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleawort] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2659 plantago afra plantago ovata plantago psyllium psyllium plant spanish psyllium fleawort plant obsolete: bigeye scad true *Eucalyptus* is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs (including a distinct group with a multiple-stem mallee growth habit) in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. There are more than 700 species of eucalyptus and most are native to Australia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29916 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2661 eucalyptus gamophylla eucalyptus globulus eucalyptus spp. eucalyptus plant obsolete: marmalade box plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25075 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2665 micropterus spp. black bass http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5172 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2666 psettodidae spiny turbot psettodid family obsolete: blue rockfish true obsolete: stripetail rockfish true obsolete: splitnose rockfish true obsolete: american plum plant true obsolete: antarctic cutlerfish true obsolete: new zealand long-finned eel true obsolete: short-finned eel true obsolete: sand flounder true obsolete: yellowbelly flounder true obsolete: silver gemfish true obsolete: silver warehou true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5356 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2679 centrolophidae warehou family ruff family obsolete: new zealand sole true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2681 Haliotis iris haliotis iris ormer shells paua blackfoot abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:AFQ http://eol.org/pages/2295 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2682 Paphies australis Paphies australis (Gmelin 1791) paphies australis pipi clam obsolete: arrow squid true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EQV http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2684 Mesodesma ventricosum (Gray 1843) amphidesma ventricosum new zealand surf clam LanguaL curation note: Renamed from New Zealand surf clam based on scientific name. toheroa wedge clam Crayfish, often referred to as crawfish or crawdad, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. They are found in bodies of fresh water that do not freeze to the bottom, and which have shelter against predators. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species such as the invasive *Procambarus clarkii* are more hardy. Some crayfish have been found living as much as 3 m (10 feet) underground. There are three families of crayfish, two in the Northern Hemisphere and one in the Southern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere family *Parastacidae* lives in South America, Madagascar and Australasia, and is distinguished by the lack of the first pair of pleopods. Of the other two families, members of the *Astacidae* live in western Eurasia and western North America and members of the family *Cambaridae* live in eastern Asia and eastern North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfish] WIKIPEDIA:Crayfish http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1218 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2686 astacidae astacoidea cambaridaa cambarus spp. crawfish crayfish parastacidae procambarus spp. crawfish or crayfish obsolete: common whitefish true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1339 FAO ASFIS:DRY http://eol.org/pages/2248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2690 Ostrea lutaria Hutton 1873 Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1873 ostrea lutaria tiostrea lutaria new zealand dredge oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CIZ ITIS:161947 http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2693 Coregonus reighardi Coregonus reighardi (Koelz, 1924) coregonus reighardi shortnose cisco obsolete: brownspotted rockcod true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/10840 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2695 lepus spp. hare http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7988 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2696 Gallinago Brisson, 1760 gallinago spp. snipe http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/33764 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2697 lagopus spp. ptarmigan obsolete: chamois true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/30431 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2701 Iguana Laurenti, 1768 iguana spp. iguana A young goat kid (goat) obsolete: grey gurnard true obsolete: sea lamprey true obsolete: gudgeon true obsolete: european eel true obsolete: tadpole fish true obsolete: brill true obsolete: thickback sole true obsolete: megrim true obsolete: grayling true obsolete: barbel true obsolete: ide true obsolete: porcupine fish true obsolete: queen scallop true obsolete: margin jackknife true obsolete: common periwinkle true obsolete: sand tiger shark true obsolete: emu true A predomenant genetic variety of an almond plant which produces seeds that lack a bitter taste. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2720 prunus amygdalus var. dulcis prunus dulcis var. dulcis sweet almond sweet almond plant A genetic variant of an almond plant which produces bitter tasting seeds. bitter almond prunus dulcis var. amara bitter almond plant A hort. class of mandarin oranges from Japan (Hortus) [CFSAN thesaurus]. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8705 GRIN:10793 PLANTS:CIREU http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2722 Citrus reticulata Blanco ssp. unshiu (Marcow.) D.Rivera Núñez et al. Citrus unshiu Marcow. citrus reticulata cv. owan citrus unshiu satsuma mandarin unshu orange satsuma orange plant The mirabelle plum, also known as the mirabelle prune (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *syriaca*), is the edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle plum tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the genus *Prunus*. The mirabelle is identified by its small, oval shape, smooth-textured flesh, and especially by its red, or dark yellow colour which becomes flecked in appearance. They are known for being sweet and full of flavour. The fruit is primarily used in fruit preserves and dessert pies, and its juice is commonly fermented for wine or distilled into plum brandy. Ninety percent of mirabelle plums grown commercially are made into either jam (70%) or eau de vie (20%). The plums are also excellent when eaten fresh. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabelle_plum] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12274 MANSFELD:9350 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2733 Prunus domestica L. subsp. syriaca (Borkh.) Janch. prunus domestica var. syriaca prunus insititia var. syriaca syrian plum mirabelle plum plant http://langual.org GRIN:409748 ITIS:29817 MANSFELD:1265 http://eol.org/pages/4200 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2734 Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. tuberosum (Bernh.) Mart. Crov. Petroselinum crispum (P. Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill Petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum (Alef.) Danert petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum turnip-rooted parsley plant obsolete: japanese plum plant true obsolete: llama true obsolete: chickasaw plum plant true obsolete: european rowan plant true obsolete: sea buckthorn plant true obsolete: garden orach plant true The white currant is a cultivar of *Ribes rubrum*. Although it is a sweeter and albino variant of the redcurrant, not a separate botanical species, it is sometimes marketed with names such as *Ribes sativum* or *Ribes silvestre*, or sold as a different fruit. white currant plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1903 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2753 petromyzontiformes fish, petromyzontiform Sand sharks are mackerel sharks of the family Odontaspididae. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical waters. The family contains three extant species, in two genera… *Carcharias* Rafinesque, 1810; *Odontaspis* Agassiz 1838. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1874 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2754 grey nurse shark ragged tooth shark odontaspididae sand tiger family obsolete: baobab plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2760 aframomum alboviolaceum aframomum angustifolium aframomum giganteum aframomum latifolium aframomum melegueta aframomum stipulatum aframomum plant obsolete: strawberry tree true obsolete: wild custard apple plant true obsolete: coco plum plant true http://langual.org GRIN:400210 ITIS:505966 PLANTS:CHAL19 http://eol.org/pages/4187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2764 Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don chrysophyllum albidum white apple white star apple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9319 GRIN:14293 ITIS:505970 MANSFELD:18485 PLANTS:DIKA2 http://eol.org/pages/4262 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2766 date plum diospyros chinensis diospyros kaki japanese persimmon kaki persimmon keg fig sharon fruit Diospyros kaki L. f. Diospyros kaki Thunb. common kaki plant Damion Dooley http://langual.org ITIS:506165 MANSFELD:12137 PLANTS:FESE2 http://eol.org/pages/8095 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2767 acca sellowiana brazilian guava feijoa feijoa sellowiana orthostemon sellowiana Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg pineapple guava plant obsolete: eben tree true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/61089 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2769 dacryodes spp. dacryodes plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2770 detarium spp. detarium plant http://langual.org GRIN:411953 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2771 Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. detarium microcarpum sweet dattock plant http://langual.org GRIN:13690 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2772 Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmel. dattock tree deta detar detarium senegalense senegal dattock tallow tree (detarium) plant obsolete: velvet tamarind plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9855 GRIN:238 MANSFELD:7546 PLANTS:FOMA2 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2774 Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle fortunella margarita nagami kumquat oval kumquat plant obsolete: round kumquat plant true obsolete: black mulberry plant true obsolete: water roseapple plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2778 eugenia capensis plant obsolete: sycamore fig plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9929 GRIN:420224 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2780 Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) Desr. Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson brindall berry brindleberry gambooge garcinia cambogia garcinia gummi-gutta goraka kodumpuli malabar tamarind sweet garcinia plant *Hylocereus undatus* (white-fleshed pitahaya) is a species of *Cactaceae* and is the most cultivated species in the genus. It is used both as an ornamental vine and as a fruit crop - the pitahaya or dragon fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylocereus_undatus] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10400 GRIN:19487 ITIS:503101 PLANTS:HYUN3 http://eol.org/pages/487275 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2781 Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose dragon fruit hylocereus triangularis hylocereus undatus pitahaya red pitaya pitaya plant obsolete: doum palm plant true http://langual.org GRIN:451886 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2783 Lantana strigocamara R. W. Sanders lantana lantana camara lantana strigocamara the' de gambie yellow sage plant http://langual.org GRIN:103235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2784 Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) Bruce nauclea latifolia sarcocephalus sarcocephalus esculentus sarcocephalus latifolius african peach plant obsolete: giant granadilla plant true obsolete: senegal date palm plant true obsolete: natal orange plant true obsolete: governor's plum plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2790 african apricot chrysophyllum autranianum gambeya lacourtiana longhi gambeya plant *Ancylobotrys capensis* (Oliv.) Pichon, or Wild Apricot, is a tangled, sprawling, multi-stemmed South African creeper of the *Apocynaceae* family. WIKIPEDIA:Ancylobotrys_capensis http://langual.org GRIN:102220 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2791 AncyloboInOwltrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon ancyloboInOwltrys capensis wild apricot plant http://langual.org GRIN:102255 ITIS:505997 PLANTS:SASE15 http://eol.org/pages/4280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2792 Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon landolphia senegalensis saba saba senegalensis senegal saba gumvine plant obsolete: bitterwood plant true obsolete: indian jujube plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13993 GRIN:42295 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2795 Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. kurna rhamnus spina-christi syrian christ-thorn ziziphus spina-christi christ's thorn plant obsolete: arabian mummum plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8383 GRIN:418402 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2797 Carica x heilbornii V.M.Badillo nothovar. pentagona (Heilborn) V.M.Badillo Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M. Badillo carica pentagona carica x heilbornii babaco plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29273 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2798 canthium spp. canthium plant obsolete: african fan palm plant true http://langual.org GRIN:410180 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2800 Fadogia homblei De Wild. fadogia homblei fadogia triphylla wild date fadogia plant *Fadogiella* is a genus of flowering plants in the *Rubiaceae* family. It was descripted by Walter Robyns in 1928. This genus is morphologically similar to *Fadogia* and is related to the latter genus. It is found in central and east tropical Africa. WIKIPEDIA:Fadogiella http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2801 fadogiella spp. fadogiella plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2802 feretia spp. feretia plant http://langual.org GRIN:70994 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2803 Garcinia buchananii Baker garcinia buchananii garcinia huillensis granite garcinia granite mangosteen mutunduru garcinia plant The large flowering plant genus *Grewia* is today placed by most authors in the mallow family *Malvaceae*, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. The astringent and refreshing *Grewia* drupes are particularly popular in summertime. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grewia] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4321 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2804 grewia spp. grewia plant *Guarea* is a genus of evergreen trees in the mahogany family *Meliaceae*, native to tropical Africa and Central and South America. They are large trees 20-45 m tall, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet present. The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with 4-5 yellowish petals. The fruit is a four or five-valved capsule, containing several seeds, each surrounded by a yellow-orange fleshy aril; the seeds are dispersed by hornbills and monkeys which eat the fleshy aril. WIKIPEDIA:Guarea http://langual.org GRIN:459726 PLANTS:GUARE http://eol.org/pages/4413 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2805 Guarea Allam. ex L. Guarea sp. guarea spp. guarea plant http://langual.org GRIN:20449 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2806 Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. african wild mango bush mango irvingia gabonensis african mango plant http://langual.org GRIN:21431 ITIS:505993 PLANTS:LAHE6 http://eol.org/pages/4280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2807 Landolphia heudelotii A. DC. guinea gumvine landolphia heudelotti landolphia rubber plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2808 carpodinus hirsuta landolphia poilu landolphia hirsuta hairy landolphia plant http://langual.org GRIN:21435 ITIS:505996 PLANTS:LAOW http://eol.org/pages/4280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2809 Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv. landolphia owariensis white ball rubber white rubber vine plant obsolete: mammea africana tree true *Mimusops* is a genus of plants in family *Sapotaceae* described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. Mimusops is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and various oceanic islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimusops] http://langual.org GRIN:24461 http://eol.org/pages/107758 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2811 Mimusops zeyheri Sond. mimusops mimusops zeyheri transvaal red milkwood mimusops plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2812 olax obtusifolia olax plant obsolete: paulinia plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2814 pachylobus balsamiflora pachylobus trimera santiria santiria trimera tooth-brush tree http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2815 sorindeia juglandifolia sorindeia katangensis sorindeia plant http://langual.org GRIN:417928 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2816 Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell zanha africana zanha africana plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2817 zanha golungensis zanha golungensis plant http://langual.org GRIN:14301 PLANTS:DIME8 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2818 Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. diospyros bicolor diospyros mespiliformis diospyros senegalensis jackal berry monkey guava nigerian ebony swamp ebony african ebony plant http://langual.org GRIN:32418 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2819 Rubus pinnatus Willd. rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus rubus plant http://langual.org GRIN:12328 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2820 Trichoscypha Hook. f. trichoscypha spp. trichoscypha plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2821 uapaca paludosa uapaca plant http://langual.org GRIN:404097 http://eol.org/pages/61095 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2822 Sclerocarya sp. cat thorn cider tree maroola nut marula morula poupartia birrea pourpartia caffra sclerocarya birrea sclerocarya caffra spondias birrea sclerocarya plant http://langual.org GRIN:16936 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2823 Ficus platyphylla Delile ficus bibracteata ficus umbrosa ficus platyphylla plant obsolete: chinese banyan plant true http://langual.org GRIN:21444 http://eol.org/pages/4410 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2825 Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. broom druif grape, wild lannea edulis lannea velutuna odina edulis wild grape plant http://langual.org GRIN:26768 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2827 Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. cork tree (parinari) hissing tree marbola plum parinari curatellifolia parinari moboInOwlla sand apple mobola plum plant http://langual.org GRIN:26769 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2828 Parinari excelsa Sabine guinea-plum parinari excelsa parinari holstii parinarium gray plum plant http://langual.org GRIN:449464 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2829 Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance neocarya macrophylla parinari macrophylla gingerbread plum plant http://langual.org GRIN:459882 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2830 Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. eugenia guineensis syzygium guineense water pear water berry plant obsolete: mountain apple plant true http://langual.org GRIN:42111 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2832 Ximenia caffra Sond. ximenia caffra sourplum plant Anonidium mannii (Junglesop) is a tropical African tree. It has both large leaves (can be over a foot long) and edible fruits of similar length. Although rare the fruits are in demand where available. WIKIPEDIA:Anonidium_mannii http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2833 annona manii anonidium mannii anonidium plant *Antidesma* is a tropical plant genus of about 170 species from the family *Phyllanthaceae*. WIKIPEDIA:Antidesma http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2834 phyllanthaceae antidesma plant *Antrocaryon micraster* (also called Antrocaryon) is a species of plant in the *Anacardiaceae* family. WIKIPEDIA:Antrocaryon http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2835 antrocaryon klaineanum antrocaryon plant http://langual.org GRIN:417692 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2836 Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh. aphania senegalensis lepisanthes senegalensis sapindus senegalensis soapberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7904 GRIN:6322 ITIS:506376 PLANTS:BAAE http://eol.org/pages/4418 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2837 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile agialida barteri agialida senegalensis agialida tombuctensis balanites aegyptiaca balanites ziziphoides betu bitu egyptian myroboInOwllan jericho balsam soapberry (balanites aegyptiaca) torchwood ximenia aegyptiaca desert date plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/61427 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2838 boscia spp. boscia plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2839 bridelia spp. bridelia plant obsolete: incense tree true http://langual.org GRIN:435926 PLANTS:COAF2 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2841 Cordyla africana Lour. cordyla africana cordyla plant obsolete: horned melon plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/66462 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2843 chrysophyllum spp. chrysophyllum plant Krill are small crustaceans of the order *Euphausiacea*, and are found in all the world's oceans. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2844 euphausiidae krill obsolete: wood apple plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/23968 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2857 dentex spp. dentex obsolete: gilt headed bream true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24724 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2859 lethrinus spp. emperor obsolete: arctic grayling true obsolete: atlantic cutlassfish true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ZCN ITIS:625303 http://eol.org/pages/5051 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2862 Cyttus novaezealandiae Cyttus novaezealandiae (Arthur, 1885) cyttus novaezealandiae silver dory obsolete: meagre true obsolete: blue ling true obsolete: greenland cod true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5296 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2866 lethrinidae emperor family obsolete: grass carp true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24659 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2868 pterois spp. butterfly cod obsolete: cutthroat trout true obsolete: pond smelt true obsolete: pandora true obsolete: barramundi true obsolete: land cress plant true obsolete: common shrimp true obsolete: blue mussel true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ODW http://eol.org/pages/2248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2876 Ostrea denselamellosa Lischke 1869 ostrea denselamellosa ostrea laperousei japanese flat oyster obsolete: giant stargazer true obsolete: ratfish true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EQH http://eol.org/pages/2298 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2879 Ensis macha (Molina 1782) ensis macha giant jackknife razor shell clam obsolete: common prawn true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:TQE http://eol.org/pages/2266 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2881 Atrina pectinata Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus 1767) atrina pectinata comb penshell http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8904 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2882 chimaeridae shortnose chimaera family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2883 Beryx Cuvier, 1829 beryx spp. alfonsinos http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8239 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2884 berycidae alfonsino family obsolete: bigeye cardinalfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5377 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2886 apogonidae cardinalfish family obsolete: scamp true obsolete: sidestriped shrimp true obsolete: greater burdock plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2890 veneridae venus clam family obsolete: slender tuna true obsolete: morid cod true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:644521 http://eol.org/pages/5126 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2893 Scorpaena papillosa Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) helicolenus papillosus rockfish obsolete: white warehou true obsolete: black ruff true obsolete: yelloweye mullet true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24096 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2897 macrourus spp. grenadier http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LDE ITIS:165425 http://eol.org/pages/5502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2898 Lepidorhynchus denticulatus Lepidorhynchus denticulatus Richardson, 1846 lepidorhynchus denticulatus deepsea whiptail http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2899 macrouridae grenadier family obsolete: red rockfish true obsolete: chilean horse mackerel true obsolete: silver scabbardfish true obsolete: lookdown dory true obsolete: kaiyomaru rattail true obsolete: smooth rattail true Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientiric name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24501 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2907 alepocephalus spp. large scaled brown slickhead obsolete: small scaled brown slickhead true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5407 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2909 alepocephalidae slickhead family obsolete: new zealand lanternshark true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:HYI ITIS:616686 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2911 Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps, 1932 hyporhamphus ihi new zealand garfish Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.464. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8244 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2912 hemiramphidae halfbeak family http://langual.org ITIS:550805 http://eol.org/pages/5502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2913 Trachyrincus longirostris (Günther, 1878) trachyrhynchus longirostris unicorn rattail Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24139 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2914 xenodermichthys spp. black slickhead Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name inverified. http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:NEG http://eol.org/pages/5128 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2915 Neophrynichthys angustus Nelson 1977 neophrynichthys angustus pale toadfish Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5128 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2916 psychrolutidae fathead family obsolete: spelt plant true obsolete: swollenhead conger eel true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2919 ocimum frutescens perilla frutescens perilla ocimoides perilla plant http://langual.org GRIN:41819 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2920 Vitex doniana Sweet vitex doniana black plum plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/83701 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2921 eugenia spp. stopper eugenia plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2922 ficus, wild ficus spp. plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2923 pseudospondias longifolia pseudospondias plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2501 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2925 littorinidae periwinkle family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2926 nere parkia filicoidea african locust bean plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2928 dialium spp. dialium plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/60887 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2929 salacia spp. salacia plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/60775 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2930 strychnos spp. strychnos plant http://langual.org GRIN:438178 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2931 Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema swartzia fistuloides swartzia plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2932 vangueriopsis lanciflora vangueriopsis plant http://langual.org GRIN:312482 http://eol.org/pages/38870 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2933 Vitex sp. chastetree vitex spp. vitex plant obsolete: indian mackerel true obsolete: narrow-barred mackerel true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25359 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2936 epigonus spp. cardinalfish obsolete: lesser galangal plant true obsolete: pond apple plant true The beetroot, also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet or informally simply as beet, is one of the many cultivated varieties of beets (*Beta vulgaris*) and arguably the most commonly encountered variety in North America, Central America and Britain. WIKIPEDIA:Red_beet http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8011 GRIN:7057 MANSFELD:330 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2940 Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L. Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris beetroot beta vulgaris var. conditiva beta vulgaris var. vulgaris red beet plant Curly endive, or frisée (var *crispum*). This type has narrow, green, curly outer leaves. It is sometimes called chicory in the United States and is called chicorée frisée in French. MANSFELD:31983 curled endive plant Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var *latifolia*), has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties. Varieties or names include broad-leaved endive, Bavarian endive, Batavian endive, grumolo, scarola, and scarole. It is eaten like other greens, sauteed, chopped into soups and stews, or as part of a green salad. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endive MANSFELD:31979 broadleaved endive plant coffee chicory plant http://langual.org GRIN:10577 MANSFELD:15067 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2944 Cinnamomum burmanii Bl. padang cassia plant obsolete: scurvy-grass plant true obsolete: cornelian cherry plant true http://langual.org GRIN:12678 MANSFELD:3231 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2947 Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Rosc. curcuma zedoaria zedoary plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9865 GRIN:264 ITIS:24634 MANSFELD:8594 PLANTS:FRVE http://eol.org/pages/229659 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2948 Fragaria vesca L. european wild strawberry fragaria vesca wild strawberry woodland strawberry european strawberry plant obsolete: virginia strawberry plant true http://langual.org GRIN:19644 MANSFELD:16171 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2950 Hyssopus officinalis L. hyssop plant obsolete: prickly lettuce plant true obsolete: lovage plant true *Aloysia citrodora* is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family *Verbenaceae*, native to Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Common names include lemon verbena and lemon beebrush. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the 17th century. Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemon flavor to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, greek yogurt and beverages. It also is used to make herbal teas, or added to standard tea in place of actual lemon (as is common with Moroccan tea). It can also be used to make a sorbet. In addition, it has anti-Candida albicans activity. In the European Union, Verbena essential oils (Lippia citriodora Kunth.) and derivatives other than absolute are prohibited when used as a fragrance ingredient (Commission Directive 2009/164/EU of 22 December 2009). WIKIPEDIA:Lemon_verbena http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7394 GRIN:317750 MANSFELD:4474 http://eol.org/pages/4304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2953 lemon verbena Aloysia citrodora Palau aloysia citrodora lemon beebush lippia triphylla lemon verbena plant obsolete: white mulberry plant true obsolete: chinese lantern plant true http://langual.org GRIN:400109 MANSFELD:9956 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2956 Piper longum L. piper longum indian long pepper plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12264 MANSFELD:9193 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2957 Prunus avium (L.) L. subsp. duracina (L.) D.Rivera & al. hard-fleshed cherry plant obsolete: brasilian guava plant true http://langual.org GRIN:319665 MANSFELD:24313 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2959 Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Mill.) Kerner raphanus sativus niger black radish plant http://langual.org GRIN:319668 MANSFELD:24314 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2960 Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus raphanus sativus little radish plant obsolete: dog rose plant true obsolete: black salsify plant true obsolete: service tree true obsolete: spanish plum plant true http://langual.org GRIN:35402 MANSFELD:16641 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2965 Stachys affinis Bunge japanese artichoke stachys affinis stachys sieboldii chinese artichoke plant obsolete: littleleaf linden plant true obsolete: bigleaf linden plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13681 GRIN:40686 ITIS:505615 MANSFELD:4811 PLANTS:TRMA7 http://eol.org/pages/484394 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2968 Tropaeolum majus L. garden nasturtium nasturtium tropaeolum majus indian cress plant *Vaccinium oxycoccos* is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is known by the common names small cranberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry, or, particularly in Britain, just cranberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_oxycoccos] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13740 GRIN:41047 ITIS:505635 MANSFELD:18288 PLANTS:VAOX http://eol.org/pages/484408 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2969 Vaccinium oxycoccos L. european cranberry mossberry northern cranberry small cranberry vaccinium microcarpum vaccinium oxycoccos vaccinium oxycoccus common cranberry plant obsolete: bog bilberry plant true The word galangal, or its variant galanga, can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the *Zingiberaceae* (ginger) family, namely: *Alpinia galanga*, greater galangal; *Alpinia officinarum*, lesser galangal, *Kaempferia galanga*, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger, and *Boesenbergia rotunda*, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot; *Kaempferia galanga*, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galangal] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2971 Zingiberaceae alpinia spp. galanga galangal plant obsolete: sloe plant true obsolete: black persimmon plant true obsolete: lesser yam plant true obsolete: date plum plant true obsolete: american persimmon plant true obsolete: african oil palm plant true obsolete: benjamin tree true obsolete: climbing fig plant true http://langual.org GRIN:405602 MANSFELD:1564 http://eol.org/pages/4200 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3333 Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell. finocchio foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. azoricum florence fennel plant obsolete: sweet fennel plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9867 GRIN:268 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3335 Fragaria viridis Duchesne Fragaria viridis Weston fragaria viridis green strawberry plant obsolete: garden strawberry plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9864 GRIN:257 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3337 Fragaria moschata Duchesne Fragaria moschata Weston fragaria eliator fragaria moschata hautbois strawberry plant obsolete: chilean strawberry plant true http://langual.org GRIN:104709 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3339 Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens (Duchesne) Staudt fragaria semperflorens fragaria vesca subsp. vesca f. semperflorens alpine strawberry plant obsolete: two row barley plant true Hordeum vulgare L. convar. distichon (L.) Alef. Hordeum vulgare convar. hexastichon Alef. hordeum hexastichum hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare convar. vulgare six row barley plant obsolete: indian lettuce plant true curled lettuce curled lettuce plant obsolete: chinese crabapple plant true obsolete: manchurian crabapple plant true obsolete: paradise apple plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11055 GRIN:23279 ITIS:25264 MANSFELD:8846 PLANTS:MASY2 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3347 Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Malus sylvestris Mill. Malus sylvestris P. Mill. crab apple crabapple malus sylvestris european crabapple plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3348 medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia medicago ×varia sand lucerne variegated lucerne bastard medic plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11358 GRIN:313511 ITIS:506074 PLANTS:NEMU5 http://eol.org/pages/4415 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3349 Nephelium mutabile Blume Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh. nephelium mutabile nephelium ramboutan-ake pulasan plant obsolete: spotted wolffish true obsolete: garfish true obsolete: norway haddock true obsolete: european flounder true obsolete: norway pout true pointed headed cabbage plant 2020-11-17T23:51:38Z brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica sugar loaf cabbage plant obsolete: chickling vetch plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3357 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. plant according to family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3358 feed plant fodder fodder plant forage plant used as fodder http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3359 medicinal plant plant for medicinal use Diadromous fish travel between salt and fresh water. Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter. Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable the salmon to get past. Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams. Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding. WIKIPEDIA:Diadromous_fish http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3360 diadromous fish Potamodromous fish migrate within fresh water only. WIKIPEDIA:Potamodromous http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3361 potamodromous fish freshwater fish Oceanodromous fish migrate within salt water only WIKIPEDIA:Oceanodromous http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3362 oceanodromous fish marine fish Dolphins are aquatic mammals related to whales and porpoises… Any member of the families *Delphinidae* and *Platanistoidea* (oceanic and river dolphins). Porpoises (suborder *Odontoceti*, family *Phocoenidae*) are thus not dolphins in this sense. Orcas and some related species belong to the *Delphinidae* family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language. There are almost 40 species of dolphin in 17 genera. WIKIPEDIA:Dolphin) http://langual.org Dolphins vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (88 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (the Orca). However, the average length for most North American Species is 13.89 feet in length. Most species weigh about 50 to 200 kg (110 to 440 lb). They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. Bottlenose Dolphin is the most common and familiar species of dolphin. http://eol.org/pages/7659 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3363 dolphin bottlenose dolphin humpback dolphin spinner dolphin dolphin family The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family *Phocoenidae*; they are related to whales and dolphins. They are however distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" is often used to refer to any small dolphin, especially in North America. A key difference is the shape of the teeth and of the head. Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore. Probably best known is the Harbour Porpoise, which can be found across the Northern Hemisphere. ( WIKIPEDIA:Porpoise) http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7653 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3364 phocoenidae porpoise porpoise family obsolete: yak true There are two species of Roe Deer. The European Roe Deer (*Capreolus capreolus*), a deer species of Europe and Asia Minor, and the Siberian Roe Deer (*Capreolus pygargus*), found from the Ural Mountains to as far east as China and Siberia. The two species met at the Caucasus Mountains, with the European species occupying the southern flank of the mountain ranges and adjacent Asia Minor and the Siberian species occupying the northern flank of the mountain ranges. Within Europe, the European Roe Deer occurs in most areas, with the exception of northern Scandinavia and some of the islands, notably Iceland, Ireland, and the Mediterranean Sea islands; in the Mediterranean region it is largely confined to mountainous regions, and is absent or rare at low levels. The Roe Deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95-135 cm, a shoulder height of 65-75 cm, and a weight of 15-30 kg. It has rather short, erect antlers and a reddish body with a grey face. Its hide is golden red in summer, darkening to brown or even black in winter, with lighter undersides and a white rump patch; the tail is very short (2-3 cm), and barely visible. Only the males have antlers, which are lost during winter, but which re-grow in time for the mating season. WIKIPEDIA:Roe_deer http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/15610 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3366 capreolus spp. roe deer Zebus (*Bos taurus indicus*), sometimes known as 'nothing cattle', are better-adapted to tropical environments than other domestic cattle. Their scientific name was originally *Bos indicus*, but this name is now deemed invalid by ITIS, who classify the zebu under *Bos taurus* along with all other domestic cattle, and their aurochs ancestors, domesticated in India about 10,000 years ago. The ancient species of *Bos nomadicus* cattle or even gaur may have contributed to the development of the zebus. There are some 75 known breeds, split about evenly between African breeds and South Asian ones. The major Zebu cattle breeds of the world include Gyr, Guzerat, Indu-Brazilian, Nellore, Ongole and Brahman. Zebu have humps, large dewlaps and ears. They have more sweat glands than European cattle (*Bos taurus*). They handle hot, humid climates well and have pest resistances not seen in European cattle. ( WIKIPEDIA:Zebu) http://langual.org ITIS:183838 MSW3:14200689 http://eol.org/pages/328699 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3367 Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Bos taurus indicus Linnaeus, 1758 bos indicus bos taurus indicus zebu obsolete: white crappie true obsolete: murray cod true obsolete: bogue true obsolete: silver bream true http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8093 GRIN:30008 GRIN:300085 PLANTS:BRASS2 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3372 Brassica Brassica L. Brassica sp. Brassica spp. brassica spp. brassica species Komatsuna (*Brassica rapa* var. *perviridis* or komatsuna) is a type of leaf vegetable. It is a variant of the same species as the common turnip. It is grown commercially in Japan, Taiwan and Korea; the name is from Japanese komatsuna. It is also known as Japanese Mustard Spinach and is usually stir-fried, pickled, boiled and added to soups or used fresh in salads. WIKIPEDIA:Komatsuna http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8123 GRIN:7687 ITIS:23063 http://eol.org/pages/583898 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3373 brassica rapa var. perviridis japanese mustard spinach komatsuna Brassica rapa L. Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey komatsuma plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:319637 ITIS:506222 PLANTS:BRPA13 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3374 Brassica campestris L., var. parachinensis (Bailey) Sinsk. Brassica parachinensis L. H. Bailey Brassica parachinensis L.H. Bailey Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt brassica parachinensis brassica rapa parachinensis choisum false pak-choi tsai shim tsoi sum tsai shim plant obsolete: marrow-stem kale plant true A variety of kale (Brassica oleracea sabellica) http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3376 Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L. Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala (D. C.) Alef., var. sabellica L. Brassica oleracea sabellica Brassica oleracea var. sabellica Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L. borecole curly kale plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3377 legume animal feed plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3378 straw, fodder or forage of cereal grains and grasses http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:314966 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3379 Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. ; P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. pueraria montana lobata kudzu plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:21856 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3380 Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don ; L. sericea Miq. lespedeza plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:25737 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3381 Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.; O. sativa Lamk. sainfoin plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:300317 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3382 Lotus corniculatus, L.; other Lotus spp. trefoil plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:1284 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3383 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cynodon dactylon bermuda grass plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:28896 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3384 Poa spp. poa spp. bluegrass plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:300088 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3385 Bromus spp. bromus spp. brome grass plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:22502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3386 Lolium spp. lollium spp. darnel plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3387 tropical or subtropical fruit - edible peel plant obsolete: caranda plant true obsolete: sea-grape plant true obsolete: java-almond plant true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3391 tropical or subtropical fruit - inedible peel plant obsolete: annatto plant true obsolete: canistel plant true The ilama (also known as the tree of the ilama, *Annona diversifolia*) is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America. WIKIPEDIA:Annona_diversifolia http://langual.org CCPR: ITIS:506199 PLANTS:ANDI11 http://eol.org/pages/1546 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3394 Annona diversifolia Saff. annona diversifolia ilama plant obsolete: java apple plant true Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus *Dioscorea* (family *Dioscoreaceae*) that form edible tubers. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and subtropical world regions. The tubers themselves are also called "yams", having numerous cultivars. In parts of the United States and Canada, "yam" is sometimes used to refer to varieties of the completely unrelated sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)] http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:300191 http://eol.org/pages/8214 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3396 Dioscorea L. dioscorea spp. dioscoreaceae yam plant obsolete: cush-cush yam plant true obsolete: white guinea yam plant true obsolete: yellow guinea yam plant true obsolete: jack-bean plant true obsolete: sword-bean plant true obsolete: tepary plant true http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:24652 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3403 Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.; Stizolobium deeringianum Bort.; other Stizolobium spp. velvet bean plant obsolete: bearberry plant true obsolete: pachira tree true A wild (non-domesticated) species of Genus Zea plant. http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:103582 GRIN:400366 GRIN:410702 PLANTS:ZEMAH PLANTS:ZEMAP http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3406 Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis; Zea mexicana (Schrader) Kunze; Euchlaena mexicana Schrader. Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (H. H. Iltis & Doebley) Doebley Zea mays subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis Zea mays subsp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley Zea mays var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley teosinte plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:12546 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3407 Cucumis sativus L.; pickling cucumber cultivars bur cucumber bur gherkin cucumis anguria west indian gherkin plant obsolete: canihua plant true obsolete: black nightshade plant true obsolete: blackjack plant true obsolete: chinese box thorn plant true *Malva* is a genus of about 25-30 species of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family *Malvaceae* (of which it is the type genus), one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva] http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:11063 GRIN:23312 GRIN:311601 ITIS:21841 PLANTS:MALVA PLANTS:MAVE http://eol.org/pages/584649 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3413 MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L. Malva Malva L. Malva spp. Malva verticillata L. cluster mallow malva spp malva verticillata mallow plant obsolete: marsh marigold plant true obsolete: sowthistle plant true http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:9703 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3416 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. kapok plant obsolete: chinese onion plant true obsolete: bambara groundnut plant true http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:311411 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3419 Macrostyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marcechal & Baudet; Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms.; Voandzeia poissoinii Chev. geocarpa bean geocarpa groundnut kersting's groundnut plant obsolete: winter-purslane plant true *Sanguisorba* is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Rosaceae* native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The common name is burnet. There are about 30 species, including: *Sanguisorba annua* (annual burnet, prairie burnet, western burnet); *Sanguisorba canadensis* (Canadian burnet, white burnet); *Sanguisorba dodecandra* (Italian burnet); *Sanguisorba hakusanensis* (Hakusan burnet); *Sanguisorba menendezii* (Canary Islands burnet); *Sanguisorba minor* (salad burnet, garden burnet, little burnet); *Sanguisorba obtusa* (Japanese burnet); *Sanguisorba officinalis* (great burnet, burnet bloodwort); *Sanguisorba tenuifolia* (Asian burnet). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguisorba] http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:12788 GRIN:300527 GRIN:33026 PLANTS:SANGU2 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3421 Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Poterium officinala A. Gray) ; Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.; syn: Poterium sanguisorba L.) Sanguisorba Sanguisorba L. Sanguisorba spp. sanguisorba burnet plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:1392 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3422 Dictamnus albus L. ; D. fraxinella Pers. cretan dittany dittany burning-bush plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:1358 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3423 Acorus calamus L. flagroot calamus plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:24703 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3424 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. curryleaf plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:20121 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3425 Inula helenium L. elecampane plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:23450 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3426 Marrubium vulgare L. horehound plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:21677 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3427 Lavandula angustifolia Mill..; L. officinalis Chaix; L. spica L.; L. vera DC. lavender plant obsolete: marigold plant (Calendula) true http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:32578 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3429 Ruta graveolens L. rue plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:102117 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3430 Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. myrrh sweet cicely plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:80037 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3431 Tanacetum balsamita L.; Chrysanthemum balsamita L. tansy plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:103279 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3432 Asperula odorata L. galium odoratum woodruff plant *Artemisia* is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family *Asteraceae*. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_(genus)] http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:7726 GRIN:300044 GRIN:427 PLANTS:ARTEM http://eol.org/pages/4206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3433 Artemisia Artemisia L. Artemisia absinthium L.; A. abrotanum L.; A. vulgaris L. Artemisia spp. artemisia mugwort sagebrush sagewort southernwood wormwood plant obsolete: snake gourd plant true http://langual.org CCPR: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3435 Hybrids of Grapefruit x Tangelo tangelolo plant The *Lecythidaceae* comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar. The most important member of the family in world trade is the Brazil nut (*Bertholletia excelsa*), valued for its edible nuts; the Paradise nut (*Lecythis* species) is also eaten. WIKIPEDIA:Lecythidaceae http://langual.org CCPR: http://eol.org/pages/34921 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3436 Lecythis zabucajo Aubl.; L. elliptica Kunth; L. ollaria L.; L. usitatis Miers lecythis spp. paradise nut sapucaia-nut plant obsolete: tropical almond plant true http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:2492 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3438 Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott alocasia indica alocasia macrorrhizos alocasia plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:4256 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3439 Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.; A. esculenta DC. arracacia xanthorrhiza peruvian-carrot arracacha plant obsolete: bulbous chervil plant true http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:8858 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3441 Canna edulis Ker. achira canna indica gruya queensland arrowroot edible canna plant Kurrat is a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum. http://langual.org allium kurrat broadleaf wild leek salad leek wild leek kurrat plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:26219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3443 Oxalis tuberosa Mol. oca plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:8778 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3444 Campanula rapunculus L. rampion plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:34477 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3445 Sium sisarum L. skirret skirrit plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:8405 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3446 Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl. guinea arrowroot leren topee tambu plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:40814 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3447 Ullucus tuberosus Caldas ullucu plant Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3448 anadromous fish Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3449 catadromous fish Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3450 amphidromous fish obsolete: long-finned eel true obsolete: noble crayfish true *Astacus leptodactylus*, the Danube crayfish or Galician crayfish, is a species of crayfish native to eastern Europe. It can be distinguished most easily from the commoner European or broad-fingered crayfish (*Astacus astacus*) by the relatively thinner "fingers" of the claws. WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_leptodactylus http://langual.org CEC 1993:1264 FAO ASFIS:CRD http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3454 Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholz, 1823 astacus leptodactylus galician crayfish danube crayfish http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7720 GRIN:4247 http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3455 aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott black chokeberry plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3456 tropaeolum majus garden nasturtium plant obsolete: king threadfin true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3458 piber auritum piper sanctum piper umbellatum pepper leaves plant obsolete: american bullfrog true obsolete: indian bullfrog true obsolete: agile frog true obsolete: common frog true The edible frog (*Pelophylax kl. esculentus*) is a name for a common European frog, also known as the common water frog or green frog (however, this latter term is also used for the North American species Rana clamitans). It is used for food, particularly in France for the delicacy frog legs. *Pelophylax kl. esculentus* is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog (*Pelophylax lessonae*) and the marsh frog (*Pelophylax ridibundus*). http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FGK ITIS:775190 ITIS:775195 http://eol.org/pages/320013 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3463 Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) Rana esculenta Linnaeus 1758 Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758 common water frog green frog pelophylax esculentus rana esculenta edible frog obsolete: marsh frog true obsolete: pool frog true obsolete: hawksbill turtle true obsolete: loggerhead turtle true Disjunction discouraged, use specific item instead. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3468 obsolete: amphibian or reptile as food source true obsolete: rohu true obsolete: indian mulberry tree true http://langual.org GRIN:14027 ITIS:40635 PLANTS:DIIB2 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3471 Digitaria iburua Stapf digitaria iburua black fonio plant obsolete: bleak true obsolete: amur bitterling true obsolete: crucian carp true obsolete: european chub true obsolete: sneep true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://eol.org/pages/3198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3477 Scardinius erythrophthalmus scardinius erythrophthalmus rudd obsolete: ruffe true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13782 GRIN:300653 PLANTS:VERBE http://eol.org/pages/4304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3479 Verbena Verbena L. Verbena sp. verbena ssp. vervain verbena plant obsolete: common verbena plant true obsolete: great atlantic scallop true obsolete: common ground dove true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3483 pod or seed vegetable, poisonous cultivars obsolete: garden pea plant true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:UDQ http://eol.org/pages/7125 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3485 Munida gregaria Munida gregaria (Fabricius 1793) lobster krill munida gregaria red whalefeed squat lobster swarming squat lobster new zealand langostino great-headed garlic levant garlic great-headed garlic plant Tree onions, also commonly called top onions or Egyptian onions, are a strong-growing onion with a bunch of bulblets where a normal onion would have flowers. In some varieties these bulblets will sprout and grow while still on the original stalk, which may bend down under the weight of the new growth, giving rise to the name, walking onion. [Source: Wikipedia] http://langual.org GRIN: GRIN:404736 http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3487 Allium ×proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd. beltsville bunching onion catawissa onion egyptian onion top onion wakegi onion tree onion plant obsolete: angled loofah plant true obsolete: red huckleberry plant true obsolete: caramote prawn true obsolete: eastern king prawn true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1194 FAO ASFIS:ENS ITIS:95812 http://eol.org/pages/7184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3492 Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt, 1926) Metapenaeus endeavouri Schmitt, 1926 endeavour prawn endeavour shrimp metapenaeus endeavouri brown prawn obsolete: green tiger prawn true obsolete: kuruma prawn true obsolete: western king prawn true obsolete: deep-water rose shrimp true obsolete: japanese eel true obsolete: european smelt true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:269 CEC 1993:270 FAO ASFIS:SMR ITIS:162041 http://eol.org/pages/357054 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3499 Osmerus mordax Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814) Osmerus mordax Mitchill, 1814 Osmerus mordax Steindachner & Kner 1870 Osmerus mordax dentex Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870 Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) osmerus mordax LanguaL curation note: According to FISHBASE, the taxonomic status of the scientific name is not valid. Valid entry is *ATLANTIC RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]* (Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)). Status of scientific name in ITIS is valid, in which , Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) is a subspecies. rainbow smelt obsolete: amur pike true obsolete: golden perch true obsolete: salema true See also Wikipedia . WIKIPEDIA:Gull http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8001 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3503 guillemots seagull tern gull See also Wikipedia . WIKIPEDIA:Plover http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8011 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3504 oystercatcher plover obsolete: emmer plant true obsolete: einkorn plant true http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13671 GRIN:40544 GRIN:410383 ITIS:42237 MANSFELD:34204 PLANTS:TRAE http://eol.org/pages/1115240 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3507 Triticum aestivum L. Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum triticum aestivum common wheat plant obsolete: black guillemot true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8892 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3509 etmopteridae lantern sharks lantern shark family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3510 houndsharks smooth dogfishes smooth-hounds topes triakidae whiskery sharks hound shark family obsolete: smooth-hound true obsolete: gummy shark true obsolete: spotted estuary smooth-hound true obsolete: longnose spurdog true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1887 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3515 carcharhiniformes ground sharks fish, carcharhiniform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1896 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3516 cat sharks catsharks scyliorhinidae cat shark family obsolete: nursehound true obsolete: small-spotted catshark true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3519 squatiniformes fish, squantiniform obsolete: atlantic angel shark true obsolete: pacific angel shark true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24907 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3522 lamna spp. mackerel shark http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/26898 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3523 carcharodon spp. carcharodon obsolete: salmon shark true obsolete: great white shark true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/23812 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3526 carcharhinus spp. gray sharks grey sharks obsolete: sandbar shark true obsolete: night shark true obsolete: smalltail shark true obsolete: carribean reef shark true obsolete: dusky shark true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1309 FAO ASFIS:ABG http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3532 Haliotis gigantea Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791 haliotis gigantea giant abalone http://langual.org CEC 1993:1310 FAO ASFIS:ABP http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3533 Haliotis midae (Linnaeus 1758) haliotis midae perlemoen abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1311 FAO ASFIS:ABR http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3534 Haliotis ruber Leach, 1814 Haliotis rubra Haliotis rubra Leach 1814 haliotis ruber haliotis rubra blacklip abalone obsolete: tuberculate abalone true obsolete: green abalone true obsolete: black abalone true obsolete: red abalone true obsolete: pink abalone true obsolete: white abalone true obsolete: donkeys ear abalone true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HTW ITIS:69509 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3542 Haliotis assimilis Haliotis assimilis Dall, 1878 haliotis assimilis threaded abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3543 Haliotis australis haliotis australis queen paua australian abalone obsolete: flat abalone true obsolete: pinto abalone true obsolete: red-brown ark true obsolete: turkey wing true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RKQ http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3548 Arca noae Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758 arca noae noahs ark obsolete: mossy ark true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3550 Anadara subcrenata anadara subcrenata mogai clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:79351 http://eol.org/pages/2217 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3551 Anadara baughmani Anadara baughmani Hertlein, 1951 anadara baughmani skewed ark baughman ark obsolete: goose barnacle true obsolete: duck barnacle true obsolete: redfinger rubble crab true obsolete: warty crab true obsolete: cuban stone crab true obsolete: gulf stone crab true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MHZ http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3558 Menippe rumphii (Fabricius, 1798) menippe rumphii maroon stone crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ENF http://eol.org/pages/7156 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3559 Menippe frontalis A. Milne Edwards, 1879 menippe frontalis stridulating stone crab obsolete: jonah crab true obsolete: pacific rock crab true obsolete: bigtooth rock crab true obsolete: red rock crab true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KCB http://eol.org/pages/1215 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3564 Cancer bellianus Johnston 1861 cancer bellianus toothed rock crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KKJ http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3565 Cancer johngarthi Carvacho, 1989 cancer johngarthi northern lemon rock crab obsolete: mottled shore crab true http://langual.org ITIS:660438 http://eol.org/pages/1188 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3567 Cryptodromiopsis plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984) cryptodromiopsis plumosa shaggy sponge crab obsolete: stone king crab true http://langual.org CEC:1295 FAO ASFIS:KCR http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3569 Lithodes antarcticus Jacquinot 1853 Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782 lithodes antarcticus lithodes santolla southern king crab http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/36228 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3570 callinectes spp. swim crab (callinectes spp.) obsolete: dana swimming crab true obsolete: white river crayfish true obsolete: florida crayfish true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RKT http://eol.org/pages/1219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3574 Procambarus bivitattus Hobbs, 1942 procambarus bivitattus ribbon crayfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1267 FAO ASFIS:UTT http://eol.org/pages/1233 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3575 Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) Austropotamobius torrentium Schrank, 1803 austropotamobius torrentium stone crayfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1266 FAO ASFIS:AUP http://eol.org/pages/1233 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3576 Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858) austropotamobius pallipes river crayfish obsolete: norwegian krill true obsolete: ice krill true obsolete: pygmy krill true obsolete: northern krill true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KRT ITIS:95518 http://eol.org/pages/1280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3581 Euphausia triacantha Holt & Tattersall, 1906 Euphausia triacantha Holt and Tattersall, 1906 euphausia triacantha spiny krill obsolete: isada krill true obsolete: cape lobster true obsolete: andaman lobster true obsolete: small european locust lobster true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:IBA ITIS:553009 http://eol.org/pages/7208 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3586 Ibacus alticrenatus Bate, 1888 Ibacus altricrenatus Bate, 1888 ibacus alticrenatus ibacus altricrenatus velvet fan lobster obsolete: arafura lobster true obsolete: armoured lobster true obsolete: northwest lobster true obsolete: caribbean lobster true obsolete: bight lobster true obsolete: new zealand lobster true obsolete: formosa lobster true obsolete: japanese lobster true obsolete: mozambique lobster true obsolete: neptune lobster true obsolete: urugavian lobster true obsolete: sculpted lobster true obsolete: siboga lobster true obsolete: china lobster true obsolete: red-banded lobster true obsolete: velvet lobster true obsolete: red rock lobster true obsolete: juan fernandez rock lobster true obsolete: tristan rock lobster true obsolete: green rock lobster true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/15300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3607 jasus spp. jasid spiny lobster obsolete: st.paul rock lobster true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:JSN http://eol.org/pages/7174 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3609 Jasus novaehollandiae Holthuis 1963 jasus novaehollandiae southern rock lobster http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/14974 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3610 panulirus spp. panulirid spiny lobster obsolete: natal spiny lobster true obsolete: cape verde spiny lobster true obsolete: pink spiny lobster true obsolete: australian spiny lobster true obsolete: pelagic red crab true *Branchiopoda* is a class of crustaceans. It comprises fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, Cladocera, Notostraca and the Devonian Lepidocaris. They are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchiopoda] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3616 branchiopods branchiopod obsolete: painted river prawn true obsolete: aesop shrimp true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1242 FAO ASFIS:KNS ITIS:96024 http://eol.org/pages/7212 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3619 Haliporoides triarthrus Stebbing, 1914 Hymenopenaeus triarthrus (Stebbing, 1914) haliporoides triarthrus hymenopenaeus triarthrus knife shrimp http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7212 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3620 solenocerid shrimps solenoceridae solenocerid shrimp family obsolete: argentine stiletto shrimp true obsolete: shiba shrimp true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1197 FAO ASFIS:GUS ITIS:95859 http://eol.org/pages/7184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3623 Parapenaeopsis atlantica Balss, 1914 parapenaeopsis atlantica guinea shrimp obsolete: yellowleg shrimp true obsolete: witch prawn true obsolete: crystal shrimp true obsolete: fleshy prawn true obsolete: brown tiger prawn true obsolete: banana prawn true obsolete: southern pink shrimp true *Xiphopenaeus kroyeri* was first described by Camill Heller in 1862, under the name *Penaeus kroyeri*. It was transferred to the genus *Xiphopenaeus* in 1869 by Sidney Irving Smith. *X. kroyeri* has been considered conspecific with the Pacific species *X. riveti*, but recent genetic analysis indicates that the two are separate species, and that *X. kroyeri* (sensu stricto) may even constitute two cryptic species. WIKIPEDIA:Xiphopenaeus_kroyeri http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:TIT http://eol.org/pages/7184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3631 Xiphopenaeus riveti Bouvier 1907 xiphopenaeus kroyeri xiphopenaeus riveti pacific seabob obsolete: royal red shrimp true obsolete: atlantic mud shrimp true obsolete: atlantic jackknife true obsolete: southern quahog true obsolete: hardshell clam true obsolete: california bay shrimp true obsolete: pod razor true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KID ITIS:81559 http://eol.org/pages/2310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3639 Chione undatella Chione undatella (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835) Chione undatella (Sowerby, 1835) chione undatella frilled venus obsolete: smooth venus true obsolete: sunray venus true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KIK ITIS:81537 http://eol.org/pages/2310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3642 Chione californiensis Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835) chione californiensis california venus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KNU http://eol.org/pages/2310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3643 Austrovenus stutchburyi Chione stutchburyi (Wood 1828) austrovenus stutchburyi new zealand cockle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GCJ http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3644 Glycymeris pilosa Glycymeris pilosa (Linnaeus 1767) glycymeris pilosa pilose bittersweet dock cockle obsolete: european bittersweet true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3646 Glycymeris violacescens glycymeris violacescens purple bittersweet violet bittersweet obsolete: common cockle true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KTS http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3648 Acanthocardia spinosa (Solander 1786) Cardium tuberculatum acanthocardia spinosa cardium tuberculatum knotted cockle obsolete: california cockle true obsolete: atlantic giant cockle true obsolete: greenland cockle true obsolete: nuttall cockle true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1358 FAO ASFIS:MYC http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3653 Mytilus chilensis (Hupé, 1854) Mytilus chilensis Hupe, 1854 mytilus chilensis chilean blue mussel http://langual.org CEC 1993:1359 http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3654 Mytilus crassitesta mytilus crassitesta korean mussel obsolete: mediterranean mussel true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1362 FAO ASFIS:MYA http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3656 Mytilus planulatus Mytilus planulatus Lamarck, 1819 mytilus planulatus australian mussel http://langual.org CEC 1993:1363 FAO ASFIS:MSR http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3657 Mytilus platensis Orbigny, 1846 Mytilus platensis d’Orbigny 1846 mytilus platensis river plata mussel http://langual.org CEC 1993:1364 http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3658 Mytilus smaragdinus mytilus smaragdinus green mussel obsolete: northern blue mussel true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:YUD http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3660 Mytilus desolationis Lamy 1936 mytilus desolationis kerguelen mussel obsolete: green garden snail true obsolete: garden snail true obsolete: escargot true Helix lucorum is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. WIKIPEDIA:Helix_lucorum http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Helix_lucorum_2.jpg/320px-Helix_lucorum_2.jpg http://eol.org/pages/2640 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3664 helix lucorum turkish snail http://molluscs.at/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix.html?/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix/lucorum.html obsolete: florida fighting conch true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:74187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3666 Pleuroploca gigantea Pleuroploca gigantea (Kiener, 1840) horse conch obsolete: milk conch true obsolete: queen conch true WIKIPEDIA:Lambis_lambis http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BQA http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3669 Lambis lambis Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758) common spider conch lambis lambis spider conch obsolete: west indian fighting conch true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1335 FAO ASFIS:OCH http://eol.org/pages/2248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3671 Ostrea chilensis Philippi 1845 Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1847 ostrea chilensis chilean flat oyster obsolete: european oyster true obsolete: mangrove cupped oyster true obsolete: sydney cupped oyster true http://langual.org CEC:1336 FAO ASFIS:ODE http://eol.org/pages/2248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3675 Ostrea denticulata Born 1778 Ostrea denticulata Born, 1778 ostrea denticulata denticulate rock oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:79869 http://eol.org/pages/2248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3676 Crassostrea gigas kumamoto crassostrea gigas kumamoto kumamoto oyster http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2266 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3677 pinnidae penshell obsolete: common cuttlefish true obsolete: white octopus true obsolete: common octopus true obsolete: curled octopus true obsolete: little squid true obsolete: long-fin squid true The shark catfishes form the family *Pangasiidae*. They are found in fresh and brackish waters across southern Asia, from Pakistan to Borneo. Among the 30-odd members of this family is the plant-eating, endangered Mekong giant catfish *Pangasianodon gigas*, one of the largest known freshwater fish. Several species are the basis of productive aquaculture industries in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_catfish] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5092 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3684 pangasiidae giant catfishes obsolete: sutchi catfish true obsolete: mekong giant catfish true obsolete: spot pangasius true obsolete: shortbarbel pangasius true obsolete: pangas catfish true obsolete: giant pangasius true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1407 FAO ASFIS:CHO http://eol.org/pages/2351 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3691 Loligo reynaudi Orbigny, 1845 Loligo reynaudi d’Orbigny 1845 chokker squid loligo reynaudi cape hope squid obsolete: common squid true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2357 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3693 flying squids ommastrephidae shortfin squids flying squid obsolete: argentine shortfin squid true obsolete: southern shortfin squid true obsolete: northern shortfin squid true obsolete: sharptail shortfin squid true obsolete: wellington flying squid true obsolete: angolan flying squid true obsolete: antarctic flying squid true obsolete: japanese flying squid true obsolete: european flying squid true obsolete: lesser flying squid true obsolete: gould's flying squid true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2379 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3705 fissurellidae keyhole limpets keyhole limpet http://langual.org GRIN:409749 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3706 Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. neapolitanum Danert broadleaved parsley petrosellinum crispum var. neapolitanum italian parsley plant http://langual.org GRIN:411921 MANSFELD:1246 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3707 Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. crispum curly parsley double-curled parsley garden parley plant obsolete: bladder campion plant true obsolete: corn poppy plant true obsolete: opium poppy plant true obsolete: hartwort plant true *Plantago* is a genus of about 200 species of small, inconspicuous plants commonly called plantains. *Plantago* species have been used since prehistoric times as herbal remedies. The herb is astringent, anti-toxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, as well as demulcent, expectorant, styptic and diuretic. Externally, a poultice of the leaves is useful for insect bites, poison-ivy rashes, minor sores, and boils. In folklore it is even claimed to be able to cure snakebite. Internally, it is used for coughs and bronchitis, as a tea, tincture, or syrup. The broad-leaved varieties are sometimes used as a leaf vegetable for salads, green sauce, et cetera. Plantain seed husks expand and become mucilaginous when wet, especially those of *Plantago psyllium*, which is used in common over-the-counter bulk laxative and fiber supplement products. [] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12024 GRIN:317089 PLANTS:PLANT http://eol.org/pages/4354 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3712 Plantago Plantago L. Plantago sp. indianwheat plantago spp. plantain plant obsolete: african plantain plant true obsolete: shepherd's needle plant true obsolete: annual sowthistle plant true Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries. ITIS:185436 Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum (Boiss.) Regel broadleaf wild leek broadleaf wild leek plant obsolete: sea beet plant true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4267 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3718 vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus northern mountain cranberry plant obsolete: waterchestnut plant true obsolete: ruvo kale plant true Sweet onion is a variety of onion that is not pungent. There are several varieties of sweet onion. The term sweet onion comes from the perceived sweetness of the onion compared to other varieties. This perceived sweetness is derived from a low sulfur content and and high water content when compared to other onion varieties. white onion sweet onion plant The banana pepper (also known as the yellow wax pepper or banana chili) is a medium-sized member of the chili pepper family that has a mild, tangy taste. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_pepper] http://langual.org GRIN:311784 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3722 Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum capsicum annuum var. annuum banana pepper plant http://langual.org GRIN:410680 ITIS:27285 PLANTS:CHANA2 http://eol.org/pages/479009 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3725 fireweed Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub ssp. angustifolium Epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium L. chamerion angustifolium chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium epilobium angustifolium epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium fireweed plant http://langual.org GRIN:319648 MANSFELD:23939 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3727 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. field mustard polish canola turnip-rape winter turnip rape plant http://langual.org GRIN:409366 MANSFELD:1235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3728 Apium graveolens var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf. Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alef. apium graveolens var. secalinum chinese cellery leaf celery plant obsolete: stalk celery plant true http://langual.org GRIN:6398 MANSFELD:19198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3730 Bambusa oldhamii Munro bambusa oldhamii giant timber bamboo oldham's bamboo plant obsolete: giant bamboo plant true obsolete: taiwan giant bamboo plant true http://langual.org GRIN:403384 MANSFELD:19259 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3733 Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz gigantochloa albociliata white-fringe gigantochloa plant http://langual.org GRIN:17528 MANSFELD:19275 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3734 Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr. Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merrill gigantochloa levis smooth giant grass smooth-shoot gigantochloa poring bamboo plant obsolete: tortoise shell bamboo plant true http://langual.org GRIN:36634 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3736 Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble monastery bamboo thyrsostachys siamensis umbrella-handle bamboo thailand bamboo plant obsolete: perennial wallrocket plant true obsolete: levant cotton plant true obsolete: upland cotton plant true http://langual.org GRIN:101304 MANSFELD:5835 http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3740 Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. & Bukasov) Hawkes Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes solanum tuberosum l. subsp. andigenum andean potato plant obsolete: lowbush blueberry plant true A plum tomato, also known as a processing tomato or paste tomato, is a type of tomato bred for sauce and packing purposes. Varieties commonly available in markets include Roma VF and San Marzano (semi-determinate; a signature tomato of Italian cuisine), though there are many other varieties, such as the short-season Ropreco Paste and the larger Amish Paste and Big Mama. Five hybrid cultivars grown in California constitute over 60% of total production of processing tomatoes. Small plum tomatoes (similar in size to cherry tomatoes) are known as grape tomatoes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_tomato http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Plum_Tomatoes%2C_Lexington_MA.jpg/320px-Plum_Tomatoes%2C_Lexington_MA.jpg http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3742 grape tomato plant roma tomato plant plum tomato plant cocktail tomato plant Frillice is a cross between iceberg lettuce and curly endive; the leaves are green, thick and crisp like iceberg but the tops are crinkled like curly endive. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3746 frillice lettuce plant Mizuna (Japanese: 'water greens'), also called Xiu Cai, Kyona, Japanese Mustard, Potherb Mustard, Japanese Greens, California Peppergrass, Spider Mustard, etc., is a Japanese name used primarily for cultivated varieties of *Brassica rapa nipposinica* but also for *Brassica juncea* var. *japonica*. GRIN:319651 ITIS:23063 PLANTS:BRRA Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt Japanese mustard greens Mizuna brassica juncea var. japonica brassica rapa nipposinica california peppergrass kyona potherb mustatd spider mustard water greens xiu cai japanese mustard plant Red onions, are cultivars of the onion (*Allium cepa*) with purplish red skin and white flesh tinged with red. These onions tend to be medium to large in size and have a mild, to sweet flavor. red onion plant obsolete: arctic cod true obsolete: american alligator true obsolete: chinese alligator true obsolete: american crocodile true obsolete: new guinea crocodile true obsolete: estuarine crocodile true obsolete: nile crocodile true obsolete: siamese crocodile true obsolete: green iguana true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3807 Salmoninae salmoninae salmonins *Esociformes* are a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families, the *Umbridae* (mudminnows) and the *Esocidae* (pikes). The pikes of genus *Esox* give the order its name. WIKIPEDIA:Esociformes http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3808 Esociformes esciformes fish, esociform The Osmeriformes comprise an order of ray-finned fish that includes the true or freshwater smelts and allies, such as the galaxiids and noodlefishes; they are also collectively called osmeriforms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmeriformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5394 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3809 Osmeriformes osmeriformes fish, osmeriform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5484 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3810 phractolaemidae african mudfish family obsolete: russian sturgeoun true obsolete: european sturgeon true obsolete: sevruga true obsolete: sterlet true obsolete: fringe-barbel sturgeon true obsolete: adriatic sturgeon true obsolete: daggertooth pike-conger true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3818 muraenesocidae pike-conger family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3819 atherinopsidae new world silversides neotropical silverside family obsolete: boyer's sandsmelt true obsolete: smelt true obsolete: sandsmelt true obsolete: atlantic silverside true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8265 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3824 aulopidae flagfin family obsolete: mediterranean flagfin true obsolete: greater lizardfish true obsolete: brushtooth lizardfish true obsolete: atlantic lizardfish true obsolete: red bream true obsolete: striped anchovy true obsolete: bay anchovy true obsolete: atlantic anchoveta true obsolete: pacific anchoveta true obsolete: rat-tail anchovy true obsolete: australian anchovy true http://langual.org CEC 1993:214 FAO ASFIS:ANC http://eol.org/pages/3191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3836 Engraulis capensis Gilchrist 1913 Engraulis capensis Gilchrist, 1913 engraulis capensis southern africa anchovy stet anchovy obsolete: european anchovy true obsolete: japanese anchovy true obsolete: anchoveta true obsolete: river anchoita true http://langual.org ITIS:161726 http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3841 Clupea harengus membras Linnaeus, 1761 clupea harengus membras baltic herring http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3842 Dorosomatinae dorosomatinae gizzard shad http://langual.org ITIS:161791 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3845 Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schneider, 1908) sprattus sprattus balticus baltic sprat Etrumeus is a genus of round herrings in the family, *Dussumieriidae*. There are currently six recognized species in this genus: *Etrumeus golanii* DiBattista, J. E. Randall & Bowen, 2012; *Etrumeus makiawa* J. E. Randall & DiBattista, 2012; *Etrumeus micropus* (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846); *Etrumeus teres* (DeKay, 1842) (Red-eye round herring); *Etrumeus whiteheadi* Wongratana, 1983 (Whitehead's round herring); *Etrumeus wongratanai* DiBattista, J. E. Randall & Bowen, 2012. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrumeus] http://langual.org CEC 1993:176 http://eol.org/pages/2776970 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3846 Etrumeus Bleeker, 1853 Etrumeus spp. etrumeus round herring http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3847 clupea pallasii marisalbi white sea herring http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3848 clupea pallasii suworowi chosa herring http://langual.org CEC 1993:174 http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3849 Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert, 1891 etrumeus acuminatus californian round herring http://langual.org CEC 1993:175 http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3850 Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814) etrumeus sardina atlantic round herring obsolete: red-eyed round herring true obsolete: whitehead's round herring true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/28522 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3853 sardinops spp. pilchard obsolete: false herring true obsolete: redear sardine true *Harengula* is a genus of herrings that occur mostly in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with one species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. There are currently four described species: *Harengula clupeola* (Cuvier, 1829) (False herring); *Harengula humeralis* (Cuvier, 1829) (Redear herring); *Harengula jaguana* Poey, 1865 (Scaled herring); *Harengula thrissina* (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific flatiron herring) [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harengula] WIKIPEDIA:Harengula http://langual.org CEC 1993:178 EC:No 216/2009 SAS http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3856 Harengula Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847 Harengula spp. harengula obsolete: picton herring true obsolete: southern african pilchard true obsolete: short-body sardinella true obsolete: japanese sardinella true obsolete: western pacific gizzard shad true http://langual.org FISHBASE 2004:1614 ITIS:161805 http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3862 Nematalosa galatheae Nelson & Rothman, 1973 Nematalosa galatheae Nelson and Rothman, 1973 nematalosa galatheae galathea gizzard shad obsolete: allis shad true http://langual.org CEC 1993:154 FAO ASFIS:TSD http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3864 Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) Alosa fallax Lacépède, 1803 alosa fallax twaite shad http://langual.org CEC 1993:155 http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3865 Alosa fallax nilotica (Lacépède, 1803) alosa fallax nilotica nile twaite shad obsolete: hickory shad true http://langual.org CEC 1993:157 FAO ASFIS:SHC ITIS:161719 http://eol.org/pages/6893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3867 Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838) alosa pontica black sea shad http://langual.org CEC 1993:345 http://eol.org/pages/3198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3868 Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas, 1811) phoxinus percnurus swamp minnow obsolete: pink minnow true obsolete: greek rudd true obsolete: vimba bream true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:281 http://eol.org/pages/5509 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3872 Esox americanus vermiculatus Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846 esox americanus vermiculatus grass pickerel obsolete: brazilian codling true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24269 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3874 molva spp. european ling obsolete: mediterranean ling true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3876 Pollachius Nilsson, 1832 pollacchius spp pollock obsolete: european pollock true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5500 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3878 Merluccius Rafinesque, 1810 merluccius spp. hake http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5500 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3879 merlucciidae merlucid hakes hake family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3880 Micromesistius Gill, 1863 micromesistius spp. blue whiting (genus) http://langual.org CEC 1993:449 http://eol.org/pages/5503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3881 Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830) black sea whiting http://langual.org CEC 1993:920 FAO ASFIS:OOA ITIS:164846 http://eol.org/pages/5410 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3882 Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 ophidion barbatum snake blenny http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5410 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3883 Ophidion Linnaeus, 1758 ophidion spp. cusk-eel obsolete: basketweave cusk-eel true obsolete: patagonian grenadier true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5500 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3886 Macruronus Günther, 1873 macruronus spp. blue grenadier obsolete: offshore silver hake true obsolete: southern hake true obsolete: cape hake true obsolete: chilean hake true obsolete: argentine hake true obsolete: european hake true obsolete: deepwater hake true obsolete: benguela hake true obsolete: north pacific hake true obsolete: senegalese hake true obsolete: rough-head grenadier true obsolete: baird's smmoth-head true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:270 http://eol.org/pages/5399 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3899 Osmerus mordax dentex Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870 asiatic smelt boreal smelt arctic smelt http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24396 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3900 seriolella spp. silverfish obsolete: southern kingfish true obsolete: gulf kingfish true obsolete: northern kingfish true http://langual.org CEC 1993:715 http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3904 Cynoscion macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890) conyscion macdonaldi macdonald's weakfish http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25491 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3905 leiostomus spp. spot http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/17542 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3906 atractoscion spp. atractoscion obsolete: african weakfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/27313 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3908 cilus spp. cilus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3909 Micropogonias Bonaparte, 1831 micropogonias spp. finebarbel croaker obsolete: white-mouth croaker true http://langual.org ITIS:169347 http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3911 Paralonchurus goodei Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann, 1898 paralonchurus goodei angel croaker http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25345 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3912 genyonemus spp. genyonemus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3913 Larimichthys Jordan and Starks, 1905 larimichthys spp. larimichthys obsolete: croceine croaker true http://langual.org ITIS:646626 http://eol.org/pages/5211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3915 Larimichthys pamoides (Munro, 1964) larimichthys pamoide southern yellow croaker http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24569 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3916 mullus spp. mullet obsolete: golden goatfish true obsolete: blunt snouted mullet true obsolete: west african goatfish true http://langual.org CEC 1993:812 ITIS:620959 http://eol.org/pages/5286 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3920 Upeneus asymmetricus Lachner, 1954 upeneus asymmetricus golden-striped goatfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RPB http://eol.org/pages/5286 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3921 Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepède 1801) parupeneus bifasciatus doublebar goatfish obsolete: goldsaddle goatfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/23821 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3923 gobius spp. freshwater goby obsolete: golden goby true obsolete: giant goby true obsolete: black goby true obsolete: rock goby true obsolete: atlantic mudskipper true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24507 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3929 pomatoschistus spp. pomatoschistus obsolete: canestrini's goby true obsolete: sand goby true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24389 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3932 knipowitschia obsolete: lagoon goby true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3934 Neogobius Iljin, 1927 neogobius round goby (Neogobius) obsolete: bighead goby true obsolete: round goby true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5319 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3937 Proterorhinus Smitt, 1900 proterorhinus spp. tubenose goby (Proterorhinus) obsolete: tubenose goby true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5319 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3939 Zosterisessor Whitley, 1935 zosterisessor spp. zosterisessor obsolete: grass goby true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3941 osphronemidae giant gourami family obsolete: giant gourami true obsolete: barred grunt true obsolete: porkfish true obsolete: bigeye grunt true obsolete: southeast pacific grunt true obsolete: pigfish true obsolete: african striped grunt true obsolete: biglip grunt true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25570 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3950 carangoides island jack http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/28407 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3951 elagatis spp. runner http://langual.org CEC 1993:666 http://eol.org/pages/5361 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3952 Trachurus trachurus capensis (Castelnau, 1861) trachurus trachurus capensis cape horse mackerel obsolete: offshore jack mackerel true obsolete: pacific jack mackerel true obsolete: cunene horse mackerel true obsolete: green-back horse mackerel true obsolete: japanese jack mackerel true obsolete: rough scad true obsolete: oxeye scad true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3960 decapterus spp. mackerel scads (Decapterus spp) obsolete: shortfin scad true obsolete: mackerel scad true obsolete: japanese scad true obsolete: indian scad true obsolete: leatherjacket true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:OLG ITIS:641990 http://eol.org/pages/5361 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3966 Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks 1904 Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert and Starks, 1904 oligoplites refulgens shortjaw leatherjacket http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/26908 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3967 alectis spp. threadfish cobblerfish obsolete: alexandria pompano true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5361 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3969 Parastromateus Bleeker, 1865 parastromateus spp. parastromateus obsolete: skipjack trevally true obsolete: juan fernandez trevally true obsolete: australian bonito true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24721 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3973 cybium spp. scomberomorus spp. seerfish *Rastrelliger* is a mackerel genus in the family *Scombridae*. The three species of *Rastrelliger* together with the four species of *Scomber* comprise the tribe Scombrini, known as the "true mackerels": Short mackerel, *R. brachysoma* (Bleeker, 1851); Island mackerel, *R. faughni* Matsui, 1967.; Indian mackerel, *R. kanagurta* (Cuvier, 1816). http://langual.org CEC 1993:966 EC:No 216/2009 RAX http://eol.org/pages/25976 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3974 chub mackerel Rastrelliger Jordan and Starks in Jordan and Dickerson, 1908 Rastrelliger spp. indian mackerel rastrelliger spp. chub mackerel (Rastrelliger genus) obsolete: island mackerel true obsolete: short mackerel true obsolete: monterey spanish mackerel true obsolete: indo-pacific king mackerel true obsolete: korean seerfish true http://langual.org CEC 1993:981 FAO ASFIS:STS ITIS:172445 http://eol.org/pages/5210 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3980 Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829) Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831) scomberomorus lineolatus streaked seerfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:983 FAO ASFIS:PAP ITIS:202046 http://eol.org/pages/5210 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3981 Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro 1964 Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964 scomberomorus multiradiatus papuan seerfish obsolete: australian spotted mackerel true obsolete: japanese spanish mackerel true obsolete: kanadi kingfish true obsolete: queensland school mackerel true obsolete: cero true obsolete: broad-barred king mackerel true obsolete: chinese seerfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25172 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3989 thunnus spp. albacore and tuna http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25067 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3990 euthynnus spp. lesser tuna http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25843 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3991 auxis spp. frigate tuna frigate mackerel http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25068 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3992 katsuwonus spp. skipjack tuna oceanic bonito obsolete: pintadilla true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/13855 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3994 agonostomus spp. mountain mullet http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25496 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3995 valamugil spp. bluespot mullet http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/27864 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3996 aldrichetta spp. aldrichetta obsolete: pacific pomfret true obsolete: lowfin pomfret true obsolete: common dentex true obsolete: angola dentex true obsolete: canary dentex true http://langual.org CEC 1993:764 FAO ASFIS:DNC ITIS:647936 http://eol.org/pages/5203 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4002 Dentex congoensis Poll, 1954 dentex congoensis congo dentex obsolete: pink dentex true obsolete: large-eyed dentex true obsolete: morocco dentex true obsolete: northern sand lance true obsolete: pacific sand lance true obsolete: raitt's sandeel true obsolete: sandeel true obsolete: greater sandeel true http://langual.org CEC 1993:928 http://eol.org/pages/5381 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4011 Gymnammodytes cicerellus (Rafinesque, 1810) gymnammodytes cicerellus mediterranean sandeel obsolete: pacific sandfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5128 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4013 psychrolutidae flathead sculpin http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24210 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4014 mycteroperca spp. mycteroperca http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4015 Cephalopholis Bloch and Schneider, 1801 cephalopholis spp. cephalopholis obsolete: white grouper true obsolete: golden grouper true obsolete: spotted grouper true obsolete: dogtooth grouper true obsolete: dusky sea perch true obsolete: malabar grouper true obsolete: nassau grouper true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24685 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4023 diplectrum http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4024 Paralabrax Girard, 1856 paralabrax spp. sand bass http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4025 Acanthistius Gill, 1862 acanthistius spp. acanthistius The cutlassfishes are about 40 species of predatory fish in the family *Trichiuridae* (order Perciformes) found in seas throughout the world. Fish of this family are long, slender, and generally steely blue or silver in colour, giving rise to their name. They have reduced or absent pelvic and caudal fins, giving them an eel-like appearance, and large fang-like teeth. Some of the species are known as scabbardfishes or hairtails; others are called frostfishes because they appear in late autumn and early winter, around the time of the first frosts. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5194 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4026 hairtail trichiuridae cutlassfish family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4027 ambloplites spp. rock bass genus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25735 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4028 lepomis spp. common sunfish obsolete: pumpkin-seed true obsolete: spotted bass true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5261 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4031 polyprionidae wreckfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4032 lateolabracidae obsolete: four-finger threadfin true obsolete: royal threadfin true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:549 FAO ASFIS:TGA ITIS:645936 http://eol.org/pages/5262 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4035 Polydactylus quadrifilis Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829) Polynemus quadrifilis (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) giant african threadfin polydactylus quadrifilis polynemus quadrifilis threadfin five-rayed threadfin obsolete: northern wolffish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5170 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4037 scophthalmidae turbot family obsolete: four-spot flounder true obsolete: olive flounder true obsolete: spot-tail spiny turbot true obsolete: spiny turbot true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2805725 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4042 rhombosoleidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24508 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4043 limanda spp. mud dab http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5179 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4044 achiridae scrawled sole freshwater sole http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/10955 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4045 thymallus spp. grayling genus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24585 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4047 hucho spp. danube salmon genus http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:HUP http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4048 Hucho perryi (Brevoort, 1856) stringfish japanese huchen obsolete: taimen true http://langual.org ITIS:623483 http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4050 Hucho ishikawae Mori, 1928 hucho ishikawae korean taimen A genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout". Salvelinus is a member of the subfamily Salmoninae within the family Salmonidae. The genus has a northern circumpolar distribution, and most of its members are typically cold-water fish that primarily inhabit fresh waters. Many species also migrate to the sea. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4051 charr salvelinus spp. Salvelinus Richardson, 1836 char http://langual.org CEC 1993:228 FAO ASFIS:CIP http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4052 Coregonus altior Coregonus pollan Thompson 1835 Coregonus pollan Thompson, 1835 coregonus altior coregonus elegans coregonus pollan freshwater herring pollan http://langual.org CEC 1993:231 FAO ASFIS:CIH ITIS:623413 http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4053 Coregonus hiemalis Coregonus hiemalis Jurine, 1825 coregonus hiemalis lake geneva whitefish obsolete: lake neuchâtel whitefish true obsolete: large-bottom pollan true obsolete: houting true obsolete: big powan true obsolete: blue whitefish true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ONH ITIS:553425 http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4059 Oncorhynchus apache (Miller, 1972) Oncorhynchus gilae apache (Miller, 1972) oncorhynchus apache arizona trout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ONA ITIS:553419 http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4060 Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892) Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita (Jordan, 1892) ancorhynchus aguabonita golden trout obsolete: mexican golden trout true obsolete: gila trout true http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ONR ITIS:623486 http://eol.org/pages/5158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4063 Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan & McGregor 1925 Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan and McGregor in Jordan and Hubbs, 1925 oncorhynchus rhodurus biwa http://langual.org CEC 1993:253 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4064 Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus, 1758 salmo trutta fario river trout http://langual.org CEC 1993:254 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4065 Salmo trutta lacustris Linnaeus, 1758 salmo trutta lacustris lake trout (brown trout variety) http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/24532 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4066 ameiurus spp. bullhead http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/28014 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4067 pylodictis spp. flathead catfish genus obsolete: greek sheatfish true *Schilbeidae* is a family of catfishes native to Africa and Asia. These fish tend to swim in open water. The family name is sometimes spelled *Schilbidae* in scientific literature. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilbeidae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5088 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4069 schilbeidae glass catfish family obsolete: ocean sunfish true obsolete: slender sunfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5060 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4072 diodontidae porcupinefish burrfish family obsolete: goosefish true obsolete: black-bellied angler true obsolete: devil anglerfish true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5051 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4076 cyttidae bigeye dory family obsolete: boar fish true obsolete: oxeye oreo true obsolete: warty dory true obsolete: white skate true obsolete: mediterranean starry ray true obsolete: blue skate true obsolete: blond ray true obsolete: sandy ray true obsolete: thornback ray true obsolete: little skate true obsolete: shagreen ray true obsolete: sharpnose skate true obsolete: painted ray true obsolete: brown ray true obsolete: spotted ray true obsolete: cuckoo ray true obsolete: winter skate true obsolete: long-nosed skate true obsolete: tarry skate true obsolete: rough ray true obsolete: spiny-tail skate true obsolete: starry skate true obsolete: undulate ray true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2774882 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4100 arhynchobatidae softnose skate family http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4101 leucoraja spp. rough skate (genus) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4102 dipturus spp. long-nosed skate (genus) http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25060 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4103 amblyraja spp. stout skate obsolete: starry smooth-hound true obsolete: patagonian smooth-hound true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8894 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4106 somniosidae sleeper shark family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/25171 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4107 somniosus spp. sleeper shark obsolete: greenland shark true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4109 mustelus spp. smoot hound shark smooth-hound genus http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4110 triakis spp. leopard shark genus obsolete: leopard shark true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8889 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4112 centrophoridae gulper shark family obsolete: gulper shark true obsolete: leaf-scale gulper shark true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8890 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4115 dalatiidae sleeper shark kitefin shark familie obsolete: darkie charlie true obsolete: velvet belly true obsolete: shortnose spurdog true obsolete: angel shark true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8893 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4120 oxynotidae rough shark family obsolete: humantin true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8891 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4122 echinorhinidae bramble shark family obsolete: bramble shark true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4124 guitarfishes rhinobatiformes fish, rhinobatiform http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8886 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4125 rhinobatidae guitarfish family http://langual.org CEC 1993:73 FAO ASFIS:GUB ITIS:564441 http://eol.org/pages/8886 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4126 Rhinobatos albomaculatus (Norman, 1930) Rhinobatos albomaculatus Norman, 1930 rhinobatos albomaculatus white-spotted guitarfish obsolete: chola guitarfish true http://langual.org CEC 1993:75 FAO ASFIS:GUF ITIS:564464 http://eol.org/pages/8886 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4128 Rhinobatos planiceps Garman, 1880 rhinobatos planiceps peruvian guitarfish obsolete: common guitarfish true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4130 https://eol.org/pages/46560658 guitarfish rhinobatos spp. guitarfish genus obsolete: giant oceanic manta ray true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:111 ITIS:160993 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4132 Manta hamiltoni Manta hamiltoni (Hamilton and Newman in Newman, 1849) Manta hamiltoni (Newman, 1849) manta hamiltoni pacific manta http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1904 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4133 petromyzontidae lamprey family *Cheiragonidae* is a small family of crabs, sometimes called helmet crabs, placed in its own superfamily, *Cheriagonoidea*. It comprises three extant species, Erimacrus isenbeckii, Telmessus acutidens and Telmessus cheiragonus. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4134 cheiragonidae helmet crab family *Menippidae* is a family of crabs of the order Decapoda. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4135 menippidae stone crab family obsolete: black stone crab true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1294 FAO ASFIS:KCM http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4137 Lithodes murrayi Lithodes murrayi Henderson 1888 Lithodes murrayi Henderson, 1888 lithodes murrayi murray king crab The *Oregoniidae* are a family of crabs, formerly included in the family *Majidae*. It contains the four genera *Chionoecetes, Hyas, Macroregonia, Oregonia*. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2604866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4138 oregoniidae oregoniid family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1233 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4139 astacidae european crayfish family http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4140 cambaridae american crayfish family obsolete: spinycheek crayfish true http://langual.org CEC 1993:1323 FAO ASFIS:BLC http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4142 Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) anadara granosa blood cockle http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2298 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4143 pharidae razor shell family obsolete: sword razor true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2294 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4145 mactridae mactra surf shell family http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1347 FAO ASFIS:SJA http://eol.org/pages/2249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4146 Pecten jacobaeus Pecten jacobaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) great mediterranean scallop pecten jacobaeus great scallop obsolete: variegated scallop true http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1349 http://eol.org/pages/2249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4148 Pecten meridionalis Pecten meridionalis Tate, 1887 pecten meridionalis australian scallop http://langual.org CEC 1993:1351 FAO ASFIS:PSU http://eol.org/pages/2249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4149 Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby 1842 Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby, 1842 groovesided scallop pacten culcicostatus south atlantic scallop http://langual.org CEC 1993:1354 FAO ASFIS:MSC http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4150 Aulacomya ater (Molina, 1782) aulacomya ater ribbed mussel magellan mussel http://langual.org CEC 1993:1355 FAO ASFIS:LFF http://eol.org/pages/2235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4151 Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758) date mussel european date mussel lithophaga lithophaga date shell http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/57674 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4152 modiolus spp. horse mussel obsolete: south american rock mussel true obsolete: american bison true obsolete: european bison true obsolete: african buffalo true obsolete: european roe deer true obsolete: siberian roe deer true obsolete: fallow deer true *Odocoileus* is a genus of medium-sized deer (family *Cervidae*) containing two species native to the Americas. The name is sometimes spelt odocoeleus; it is from a contraction of the roots odonto- and coelus meaning "hollow-tooth". WIKIPEDIA:Odocoileus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/34547 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4160 odocoileus spp. odocoileus deer obsolete: european hare true obsolete: arctic hare true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7667 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4163 fur seal otariidae sea lion eared seal family The order *Cetacea* includes the marine mammals commonly known as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetus is Latin and is used in biological names to mean "whale"; its original meaning, "large sea animal", was more general. WIKIPEDIA:Cetacea http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7649 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4164 cetacea cetacean marine mammal Pinnipeds (from Latin pinna, wing or fin, and ped-, foot) or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semiaquatic marine mammals comprising the families *Odobenidae* (the walrus), *Otariidae* (eared seals, including sea lions and fur seals), and *Phocidae* (earless seals). WIKIPEDIA:Pinniped http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4165 pinniped group A large fowl, one of the two species in the genus Meleagris and the same as the wild turkey. [...] all of the main domestic turkey varieties today descend from the turkey raised in central Mexico that was subsequently imported into Europe by the Spanish in the 16th century. http://langual.org ITIS:176136 http://eol.org/pages/1049266 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4166 turkey Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758 meleagris gallopavo domestic turkey obsolete: ocellated turkey true http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4168 plant used for dietary supplements obsolete: cape aloe plant true obsolete: indian frankincense plant true obsolete: true senna plant true obsolete: java-bean plant true obsolete: wild senna plant true obsolete: pale purple cone-flower plant true obsolete: eastern purple coneflower plant true http://langual.org GRIN:27841 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4194 Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. epimedium sagittatum bishop's hat species http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10168 GRIN:18252 PLANTS:HAPR3 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4195 Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. harpagophytum procumbens devil's-claw plant obsolete: perforate st. john's-wort plant true obsolete: wolfberry plant true obsolete: purple passionflower plant true obsolete: boldo plant true obsolete: desert indianwheat plant true obsolete: saw palmetto plant true obsolete: blessed milkthistle plant true obsolete: garden valerian plant true obsolete: chaste tree true The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the *Rubus* genus of the *Rosaceae* family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets. WIKIPEDIA:Blackberry http://langual.org PLANTS:RUBUS http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4206 Rubus L. rubus spp. blackberry plant obsolete: california blackberry plant true obsolete: european dewberry plant true Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus *Oxycoccus* of the genus *Vaccinium*. In some methods of classification, *Oxycoccus* is regarded as a genus in its own right. They can be found in acidic bogs throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. WIKIPEDIA:Cranberry http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38372 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4209 cranberry plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4210 small cranberry plant http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38451 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4211 sambuccus spp. elderberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12779 GRIN:313652 GRIN:32983 ITIS:35318 PLANTS:SANIC4 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4212 Sambucus canadensis L. Sambucus canadensis canadensis Linnaeus Sambucus canadensis var. canadensis Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli american black elderberry canadian elderberry sambucus canadensis canadian elder plant http://langual.org GRIN:316284 PLANTS:VIROM http://eol.org/pages/4382 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4213 Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (J. Simpson ex Munson) M. O. Moore Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore vitis rotundifolia munson's grape plant obsolete: mandarin lime plant true obsolete: sweet lime plant true *Citrus × deliciosa *(thorny (Australia) amarillo, beladi, Willowleaf Mandarin, Mediterranean Mandarin) is a citrus hybrid (mandarin × pumelo), though it was once thought to be a pure mandarin. It is related to the ponkan. Its sweet fruit is eaten, its rind oil is used to flavour food and drinks, and petitgrain oil is extracted from the pruned leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_×_deliciosa] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8691 GRIN:314340 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4216 Citrus deliciosa Ten. citrus deliciosa mediterranean mandarin willow-leaf mandarin italian tangerine plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8704 GRIN:314342 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4217 Citrus tangerina Tanaka Citrus tangerina hort. ex Tanaka citrus tangerina dancy tangerine tangerine plant *Citrus myrtifolia*, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of Citrus with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. The fruit of the tree resemble small oranges. They are sour or bitter and are commonly called by their Italian name, *chinotto*. They are an essential flavoring agent of most Italian amari, of the popular Campari apéritif, and of several brands of carbonated soft drinks that are generically called "chinotto". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_myrtifolia] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8700 GRIN:10756 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4218 Citrus myrtifolia Raf. citrus myrtifolia myrtle-leaf orange plant obsolete: common quince plant true The Galia is a type of hybrid melon originating from a cantaloupe-honeydew cross, larger than a cantaloupe, and with deep green flesh. The name Galia is the feminine form of the Israeli name Gal (meaning 'wave'). WIKIPEDIA:Galia_(melon) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4220 galia melon plant Melons with netted skin. WIKIPEDIA:Melon http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9043 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4221 Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser. true muskmelon plant The North American cantaloupe, common in the United States, Mexico, and in some parts of Canada, has a net-like (or reticulated) skin covering. It is a round melon with firm, orange, moderately sweet flesh and a thin, reticulated, light-brown rind. Varieties with redder and yellower flesh exist but are not common in the U.S. market. WIKIPEDIA:Cantaloupe http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4222 north american cantaloupe plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4223 muskmelon, inodorus group (plant) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4224 Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo Cantaloupe Group muskmelon, cantaloupe group (plant) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4225 muskmelon, crossbred varieties (plant) A sugar melon is a type of cantaloupe that is about five to six inches (12-15 cm) in diameter and weighing between two and a half to four pounds (1-2 kg). Nearly round in shape, it has thick, sweet, orange flesh and a ribbed exterior that is a silvery gray. WIKIPEDIA:Sugar_melon http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9044 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4226 Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus Naudin sugar melon plant The Canary melon (*C. melo* (Indorus group)) is a large, bright-yellow melon with a pale green to white inner flesh. This melon has a distinctively sweet flavor that is slightly tangier than a honeydew melon. WIKIPEDIA:Canary_melon http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4227 canary melon plant obsolete: garden rhubarb plant true obsolete: chinese rhubarb plant true obsolete: tibetian rhubarb plant true http://langual.org GRIN:27394 ITIS:530950 PLANTS:PEAMD http://eol.org/pages/4308 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4231 Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S.F. Blake Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schldl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake mexican avocado plant http://langual.org GRIN:319434 ITIS:530949 PLANTS:PEAMA2 http://eol.org/pages/4308 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4232 Persea americana Mill. var. americana Persea americana var. americana Persea americana var. americana Miller lowland avocado persea americana var. americana west indian avocado trapp avocado plant obsolete: jewish plum plant true http://langual.org GRIN:13793 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4236 Dialium indum L. dialium indum tamarind plum plant obsolete: brazil cherry plant true obsolete: mamey sapote plant true http://langual.org GRIN:102619 ITIS:505963 PLANTS:POVI21 http://eol.org/pages/4187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4239 Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronq. Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist pouteria pouteria viridis green sapote plant obsolete: texas persimmon plant true obsolete: white sapote plant true http://langual.org GRIN:317384 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4242 Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell. wild barley plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13072 GRIN:33817 GRIN:430572 ITIS:41248 ITIS:530348 PLANTS:SEIT http://eol.org/pages/1114673 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4243 Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. Setaria italica subsp. italica Setaria italica var. italica (L.) Beauv. german millet hungarian millet italian millet setaria italica foxtail millet plant http://langual.org GRIN:430573 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4244 Setaria italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thell. setaria italica subsp. viridis green foxtail millet plant obsolete: canadian wild rice plant true obsolete: manchurian wild rice plant true obsolete: northern wild rice plant true obsolete: european beech plant true obsolete: american beech plant true http://langual.org GRIN:16544 http://eol.org/pages/4197 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4250 Fagus japonica Maxim. fagus japonica LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *JAPANESE BEECH [B4250]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). japanese beech plant http://langual.org GRIN:404238 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4251 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell. var. rugosa (Roxb.) M. Tsen & S. H. Lee brassica juncea var. rugosa head mustard red mustard swatow mustard cabbage-leaf mustard plant *Jasminum officinale*, known as the common jasmine or simply jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the olive family *Oleaceae*. It is also known as summer jasmine, poet's jasmine, white jasmine, true jasmine or jessamine, and is particularly valued by gardeners throughout the temperate world for the intense fragrance of its flowers in summer. It is also the National flower of Pakistan. The essential oil of *Jasminum officinale* is used in aromatherapy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_officinale] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10536 GRIN:20668 ITIS:503238 PLANTS:JAOF http://eol.org/pages/4426 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4252 Jasminum officinale L. common jasmine jasminum officinale jasmine plant *Pachyrhizus* is a small genus of five or six species of tropical and subtropical plants growing from large, often edible taproots. WIKIPEDIA:Pachyrhizus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4254 pachyrhizus spp. yam bean plant http://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/yambean/en/ obsolete: goitenyo plant true obsolete: ahipa plant true obsolete: gold-of-pleasure plant true *Crataegus azarolus* is a species of hawthorn known by the common names azarole, mosphilla, and Mediterranean medlar. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and it is grown there and elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for its fruit. It has been used historically for a number of medicinal purposes. WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus_azarolus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8959 GRIN:12083 PLANTS:CRAZ http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4258 Crataegus azarolus L. crataegus azarolus mediterranean-medlar azarole plant obsolete: salmonberry plant true obsolete: thimbleberry plant true obsolete: wineberry plant true Crowberry (*Empetrum*) is a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit. Species of crowberry include: *E. nigrum* (Crowberry), *E. eamesii* (Rockberry), *E.rubrum* and *E. hermaphroditum*. In subarctic areas. Crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami. After waning popularity, the crowberry is regaining its reputation as an edible berry. It provides a steady crop and the gathering is relatively easy. The high concentration of anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural food dye. WIKIPEDIA:Crowberry http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/61890 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4262 empetrum spp. crowberry plant obsolete: black crowberry plant true http://langual.org ITIS:502294 ITIS:524042 ITIS:524043 PLANTS:EMEA PLANTS:EMEAA PLANTS:EMEAE http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4264 Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg. Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D. Löve Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. eamesii Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum (Fern. & Wieg.) D. Löve Empetrum eamesii ssp. eamesii Fern. & Wieg. eames' purple crowberry empetrum eamesii rockberry purple crowberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9515 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4265 Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd. empetrum rubrum red crowberry plant The Jabuticaba (*Myrciaria cauliflora* (Mart.) O.Berg.) (also called Brazilian Grape Tree, Jaboticaba, Jabotica, Guaperu, Guapuru, Hivapuru, Sabará and Ybapuru) is a fruit-bearing tree in the family Myrtaceae native to Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil grown for the purple, grape-like fruits it produces. Other related species in the genus *Myrciaria*>, often referred to by the same common name, are native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The fruit is purplish black, with a white pulp; it can be eaten raw or be used to make jellies and drinks (plain juice or wine). WIKIPEDIA:Myrciaria_cauliflora http://langual.org GRIN:24830 ITIS:506174 PLANTS:MYCA9 http://eol.org/pages/8095 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4266 Myrciaria cauliflora (C. Martius) O. Berg Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg brazilian grapetree myrciaria cauliflora jaboticaba plant *Carissa* is a genus of about 20-30 species of shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and Asia. The fruit are edible but tart, and taste like a giant cranberry and rich in Vitamin C, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The fruit of *C. macrocarpa* is especially delicious and is used to make jelly. They are eagerly consumed by birds, which also distribute the seed. If eaten before fully ripe, a bitter, latex-like substance is released from the skin. Other than the fruit, the plant is poisonous. WIKIPEDIA:Carissa http://langual.org PLANTS:CARIS http://eol.org/pages/4280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4267 Carissa L. carissa spp. carissa plant obsolete: purple-flowered raspberry plant true obsolete: strawberry raspberry plant true Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. WIKIPEDIA:Banana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11276 GRIN:312415 PLANTS:MUSA2 http://eol.org/pages/4249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4270 Musa Musa L. Musa sp. musa spp. banana plant *Ensete*, or Enset, is a genus of plants, native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, *Musaceae*. WIKIPEDIA:Ensete http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9519 PLANTS:ENSET http://eol.org/pages/4249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4271 Ensete Ensete Horan. enset ensete spp. false banana ensete plant http://langual.org GRIN:404699 http://eol.org/pages/4249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4272 Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman ensete glaucum snow banana plant obsolete: whitespot giant arum plant true obsolete: splendid alfonsino true The Javan Rusa or Sunda Sambar (*Rusa timorensis*) is a deer native to the islands of Java, Bali and Timor (shared with East Timor) in Indonesia. It is also an introduced species in Irian Jaya, Borneo (Kalimantan), the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sulawesi, Australia, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Réunion. WIKIPEDIA:Cervus_timorensis http://langual.org ITIS:625050 http://eol.org/pages/7685 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4276 Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822 cervus timorensis rusa deer timor deer A small pectinid species is distributed on the outer continental shelf along the east coast of the South Island, from Kaikoura down to Macquarie Island. There are nine other species in the genus, none of which have attracted commercial interest, probably because of their small size. http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4277 gem scallop gem shellfish southern fan scallop Zygochlamys delicatula chlamys delicatula tipa zygochlamys delicatula southern queen scallop Iaraj (*Cyrtosperma chamissonis - Araceae*). This large, cultivated "hard" or "swamp" taro has been a very important starchy, staple food source. It reaches heights up to 4-6 m (15-20 ft) and produces huge green to yellowish-green, heart-shaped leaves with tips that point upward. Iaraj is an aroid "root crop" species probably native to Southeast Asia or wetern Melanesia. Early settlers brought it by canoe to many islands of the tropical Pacific, including the Marshall Islands, in prehistoric times.[http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/MI/plants/iaraj.html] http://langual.org ITIS:506753 PLANTS:CYCH7 http://eol.org/pages/8191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4278 Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr. cyrtosperma chamissonis swamp taro plant obsolete: pulaka plant true obsolete: parore true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5306 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4281 kyphosidae pilot fish rudderfishes sea chubs sea chub family *Malvaceae*, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as *Alcea* (hollyhock), *Malva* (mallow) and *Lavatera* (tree mallow). The largest genera in terms of number of species include *Hibiscus* (300 species), *Sterculia* (250 species), *Dombeya* (250 species), *Pavonia* (200 species) and *Sida* (200 species). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvaceae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4321 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4282 mallows malvaceae mallows plant obsolete: sunset muskmallow plant true obsolete: muskmallow plant true obsolete: moonfish true obsolete: ridge scaled rattail true obsolete: porae true *Odacidae* is a small family of fishes in the order *Perciformes*, commonly known as butterfish, cales, and weed-whitings. They are related to the much larger families of the wrasses and parrotfish. WIKIPEDIA:Odacidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4288 butterfish cales weed-whitings odacidae obsolete: new zealand butterfish true obsolete: velvet leatherjacket true Puffins are any of three small species of auk (or alcids) in the bird genus *Fratercula* with a brightly coloured beak during the breeding season. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. Two species, the Tufted Puffin and Horned Puffin, are found in the North Pacific Ocean, while the Atlantic Puffin is found in the North Atlantic Ocean. WIKIPEDIA:Puffin http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/84465 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4292 fratercula puffin obsolete: tufted puffin true obsolete: atlantic puffin true obsolete: horned puffin true Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds. There are more than 30 species of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus *Calonectris* and many smaller species in the genus *Puffinus*. WIKIPEDIA:Shearwater http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/19902 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4296 calonectris puffinus shearwater obsolete: sooty shearwater true obsolete: elmleaf blackberry plant true obsolete: spinu sowthistle plant true obsolete: yellowtail horse mackerel true Seedlings of white mustard and garden cress. Collins English Dictionary http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4301 mustard and cress *Allium* is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants that includes hundreds of species, including the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek, and chives. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4302 allium onion wild onion allium species *Abelmoschus moschatus* is a perennial species comprising two recognised subspecies. Subsp. *moschatus* occurs in India, parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are also naturalised occurrences of subsp. *moschatus* in northern New South Wales. Subsp. *tuberosus* is found in northern Australia and in islands to the north. It is a delightful, soft, herbaceous trailing plant to 2 metres in diameter with soft hairy stems. It has an underground tuber and dies back to this tuber in the dry season, emerging again with the first substantial rains of the wet season. It is a relative of the edible okra and tubers and foliage were a source of food for Aborigines.[http://anpsa.org.au/a-mos.html] http://langual.org GRIN:105540 http://eol.org/pages/4321 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4303 Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus (Span.) Borss. Waalk. abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus native rosella plant obsolete: australian round lime plant true obsolete: australian finger lime plant true A hybrid cross of Finger Lime and a calomondin which is pear shaped and orange inside. The Australian Sunrise lime is a seedling of a Faustrimedin (originally bred in California in 1911), a hybrid of the Finger lime (Citrus australasica) and the Calamondin (Citrus × microcarpa), itself a hybrid between the Nagami kumquat (Citrus japonica 'Nagami') and the sour mandarin (Citrus sunki). Australian Sunrise produces attractive golden-coloured fruit on an upright shrub to small tree, usually 2 to 3 m high and 1.5 to 2.5 m wide. Foliage is dark, glossy-green. The oval leaves are approximately 40 to 45 mm long by 20 to 30 mm wide. The cream-coloured flowers occur in spring to early summer. Fruits ripen in winter, are pearshaped and usually 30 to 45 mm long by 20 to 40 mm wide. Seeds are small and plump. Juice squeezed from the fruit has a sharp, clean flavour and a light "floral" aroma. The fruit may be eaten whole and like a kumquat, have a sharpish flesh and a sweet albedo and skin. They can be used in products such as in cordials, beverages, conserves, puree, pastes, sauces, marmalade, syrups and garnishes.[http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/australian.html#sunrise] WIKIPEDIA:Australian_lime http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4306 citrus × oliveri australian sunrise lime plant *Argyrosomus* is a genus of fish in the drum family, *Sciaenidae*. They are large fish, with the largest, *Argyrosomus regius* growing up to 230 cm in length. They are commonly targeted as game fish. WIKIPEDIA:Argyrosomus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/23966 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4307 argyrosomus obsolete: southern meagre true Grunters or tigerperches are fishes in the family *Terapontidae* (also spelled *Teraponidae*, *Theraponidae* or *Therapontidae*). They are found in shallow coastal waters in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, where they live in saltwater, brackish and freshwater habitats. They grow up to 80 cm in length and feed on fishes, insects and other invertebrates. When caught, grunters make the characteristic grunting sounds that give them their name. WIKIPEDIA:Terapontidae http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4309 grunters teraponidae terapontidae theraponidae therapontidae tigerperch grunter family obsolete: silver perch true The *Sillaginidae*, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family of benthic coastal marine fishes in the order Perciformes. The smelt-whitings inhabit a wide region covering much of the Indo-Pacific, from the west coast of Africa east to Japan and south to Australia. The family comprises only three genera and thirty one species, of which a number are dubious, with the last major revision of the family in 1992 unable to confirm the validity of a number of species. They are elongate, slightly compressed fish often light brown to silver in colour with a variety of markings and patterns on their upper body. The Sillaginidae are not related to a number of fishes commonly called 'whiting' in the Northern Hemisphere, including the fish originally called whiting, *Merlangius merlangus*. WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4311 sand borers sand-smelts sillaginidae slillaginids smelt whitings smelt-whitings whitings sillago-whiting family obsolete: king george whiting true The blood orange is a variety of orange (*Citrus sinensis*) with crimson, almost-blood-colored flesh. The fruit is smaller than an average orange; its skin is usually pitted, but can be smooth. The distinctive dark flesh color is due to the presence of anthocyanins, a family of pigments common to many flowers and fruit, but uncommon in citrus fruits. The flesh develops its characteristic maroon color when the fruit develops with low temperatures during the night. Sometimes there is dark coloring on the exterior of the rind as well, depending on the variety of blood orange. The skin can also be more tough and harder to peel than other oranges. While all oranges are likely of hybrid origin between the pomelo and the tangerine, blood oranges originated as a mutation of the sweet orange. Within Europe, the Arancia Rossa di Sicilia (Red Orange of Sicily) has Protected Geographical Status. WIKIPEDIA:Blood_orange http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8703 GRIN:10782 ITIS:28889 MANSFELD:7673 PLANTS:CISI3 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4313 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) citrus sinensis blood orange plant The brown onion or yellow onion (*Allium cepa *L.) is a variety of dry onion with a strong flavour. They have a greenish-white, light yellow, or white inside, its layers of papery skin have a yellow-brown or pale golden colour. It is higher in sulphur content than the white onion, which gives it a stronger, more complex flavour. yellow onion plant http://langual.org ISTA: http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4315 Avena byzantina K. Koch avena byzantina LanguaL curation note: Some sources (ITS, GRIN, and USDA PLANTS) list *RED OAT* (Avena byzantina K. Koch) as being a synonym of *COMMON OAT* (Avena sativa L.). red oat plant http://langual.org obsolete: finger millet plant true http://langual.org obsolete: african finger millet plant true obsolete: little millet plant true Species belonging to the taxonomic group *Avena* spp. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4319 avena spp. oat plant obsolete: japanese millet plant true Tetraploid wheat species (28 chromosomes). Khorasan wheat is an ancient grain type. This grain is two times larger than modern-day wheat and is known for its rich nutty flavor. KAMUT is the product name for the wheat variety Q-77 of this species. WIKIPEDIA:Kamut http://langual.org GRIN:406899 PLANTS:TRTU3 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4321 Triticum turanicum Jakubz. Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) A. Love & D. Love kamut khorasan wheat oriental wheat plant http://langual.org 2019-09-10T23:57:32Z DPNL 2003:8106 GRIN:105448 ITIS:530958 PLANTS:BROLC2 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4322 Portuguese kale couve tronchuda sea kale tronchuda cabbage plant tronchuda kale plant Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC. Brassica oleracea var. costata DC. bedford cabbage braganza brassica oleracea var. costata portuguese cole tronchuda cabbage beira tronchuda cabbage plant The silverskin onion is a small variety of the onion, *Allium cepa* L. silverskin onion plant obsolete: canadian onion plant true A beefsteak tomato (American English) or beef tomato (British English) is any of the largest varieties of cultivated tomatoes, some weighing 1 pound (450 g) or more. MANSFELD:6054 beefsteak tomato plant Corn salad is several species in the *Valeriana* genus (*Valerianella locusta* (Linnaeus), *Valerianella olitoria* (Moench), *Valeriana eriocarpa*, etc Desv. - the synonym Valeriana is obsolete but appears frequently in older texts). It is small dicot annual plants of the family *Valerianaceae*. It is also called Lewiston cornsalad, lamb's lettuce, fetticus, field salad, mâche, feldsalat, nut lettuce and rapunzel. WIKIPEDIA:Cornsalad http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13747 GRIN:317121 PLANTS:VALER2 http://eol.org/pages/4260 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4326 valerianella spp. Valerianella Valerianella Mill. Valerianella P. Mill. Valerianella sp. cornsalad plant obsolete: italian cornsalad plant true obsolete: narrowfruit cornsalad plant true A type of Cichorium intybus that looks rather like cos lettuce, with tightly packed leaves. sugarloaf sugar loaf chicory plant obsolete: agretti plant true obsolete: prickly saltwort plant true http://langual.org GRIN:301022 PLANTS:SALIC http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4332 Salicornia L. Salicornia sp. pickleweed salicornia spp. glasswort plant http://langual.org GRIN:412197 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4333 Salicornia europaea L. salicornia europaea common glasswort plant *Plantago major* ("broadleaf plantain" or "greater plantain") is a species of *Plantago*, family *Plantaginaceae*. The plant is native to most of Europe and northern and central Asia, but has widely naturalised elsewhere in the world. *Plantago major* is one of the most abundant and widely distributed medicinal crops in the world. A poultice of the leaves can be applied to wounds, stings, and sores in order to facilitate healing and prevent infection. WIKIPEDIA:Plantago_major http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12028 GRIN:28788 ITIS:32887 PLANTS:PLMA2 http://eol.org/pages/579221 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4334 Plantago major L. broadleaf plantain common plantain plantago major greater plantain plant obsolete: yellow gentian plant true *Anetholea anisata* (Vickery) Peter G.Wilson (formerly *Syzygium anisatum*, *Backhousia anisata*), ringwood or aniseed tree is a rare Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has an essential oil profile comparable to true aniseed. The leaf from cultivated plantations is used as a bushfood spice and distilled for the essential oil, and is known in the trade as aniseed myrtle or anise myrtle. WIKIPEDIA:Syzygium_anisatum http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4338 anetholea anisata aniseed tree backhousia anisata ringwood syzygium anisatum aniseed myrtle plant obsolete: kaffir lime plant true *Backhousia citriodora* (common names lemon myrtle, lemon scented myrtle, lemon scented ironwood) is a flowering plant in the family *Myrtaceae*, genus *Backhousia*. It is endemic to subtropical rainforests of central and south-eastern Queensland, Australia, with a natural distribution from Mackay to Brisbane. Other common names are sweet verbena tree, sweet verbena myrtle, lemon scented verbena, and lemon scented backhousia. WIKIPEDIA:Backhousia_citriodora http://langual.org GRIN:6250 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4340 Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. australian lemon myrtle backhousia citriodora lemon ironwood lemon scented backhousia lemon scented ironwood lemon scented myrtle lemon scented verbena sweet verbena myrtle sweet verbena tree lemon myrtle plant obsolete: european pennyroyal plant true *Satureja* is a genus of aromatic plants of the family *Lamiaceae*, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer savory and Winter savory are the most important in cultivation. WIKIPEDIA:Satureja http://langual.org GRIN:313197 PLANTS:SATUR http://eol.org/pages/4302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4342 satureja spp. Satureja L. Satureja sp. savory plant *Persicaria odorata*, the Vietnamese coriander, is an herb whose leaves are used in Southeast Asian cooking. Other English names for the herb include Vietnamese mint, Vietnamese cilantro, Cambodian mint and hot mint. http://langual.org GRIN:407755 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4343 Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak cambodian mint hot mint persicaria odorata vietnamese cilantro vietnamese mint vietnamese mint palm vietnamese coriander plant obsolete: white ginger plant true obsolete: winter cress plant true *Astrocaryum vulgare* (common names Tucum or Tucumã-do-Pará in Brazil, Aouara in French Guiana, Wara awara in Guyana, awarra in Suriname, Chontilla in Ecuador) is a palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation, typical of the Pará state in Brazil. This plant has edible fruit, which are also used for biodiesel production. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.[] http://langual.org GRIN:5941 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4346 Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. astrocaryum vulgare awarra palm tucuma tucum plant *Schinus* is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, *Anacardiaceae*. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. WIKIPEDIA:Schinus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12902 GRIN:300533 PLANTS:SCHIN http://eol.org/pages/4410 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4347 Schinus Schinus L. Schinus sp. pepper tree scinus spp. peppertree plant obsolete: peruvian peppertree true obsolete: west african pebber plant true obsolete: cubeb plant true *Aleurites moluccana*, the Candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, *Euphorbiaceae*, also known as Candleberry, Indian walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Nuez de la India, Buah keras or Kukui nut tree. WIKIPEDIA:Aleurites_moluccana http://langual.org ITIS:28208 PLANTS:ALMO2 http://eol.org/pages/4198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4351 Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. aleurites moluccana candleberry indian walnut kukui nut tree varnish tree candlenut plant This species is the chota or billi kichili of India and the Cleopatra mandarin of the United States. The tree is attractive, round-topped, symmetrical, and thornless, with small, dark-green leaves. The fruit is orange-red, small, oblate, and highly depressed at the apex, with thin, somewhat rough rind. The flesh texture is soft and juicy and the flavor is somewhat acid. Seeds are small, polyembryonic, and have green cotyledons. Considered to be native to India and said to have been introduced into Florida from Jamaica sometime prior to 1888, *Citrus reshni* is increasingly important as a rootstock in the United States and elsewhere. It is an attractive ornamental and bears fruit the year round. [http://websites.lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html] http://langual.org GRIN:314357 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4353 Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka citrus reshni spice mandarin cleopatra orange plant An orangelo (Spanish chironja) is a hybrid citrus fruit believed to have originated in Puerto Rico. The fruit, a cross between a grapefruit and an orange, had spontaneously appeared in the shade-providing trees grown on coffee plantations in the Puerto Rican highlands. WIKIPEDIA:Orangelo http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4354 chironja orangelo plant http://langual.org GRIN:314329 http://eol.org/pages/4414 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4355 Citrus tankan Hayata citrus tankan tankan mandarin plant *Vaccinium virgatum* (commonly known as either rabbit-eye blueberry or southern black blueberry) is a species of blueberry native to the Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas. WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_virgatum http://langual.org GRIN:41068 ITIS:505636 PLANTS:VAVI2 http://eol.org/pages/4267 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4356 Vaccinium virgatum Ait. Vaccinium virgatum Aiton blueberry, rabbiteye blueberry, smallflower blueberry, southern black smallflower blueberry southern black blueberry vaccinium virgatum rabbiteye blueberry plant *Sorbus* is a genus of about 100 - 200 species of trees and shrubs in the Rose family, *Rosaceae*. Species of *Sorbus* (s.l.) are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, service tree, and mountain-ash. WIKIPEDIA:Sorbus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29929 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4357 sorbus spp. sorbus plant obsolete: chinese persimmon plant true obsolete: bactrian camel true obsolete: dromedary camel true obsolete: mouflon true A ratite is any of a diverse group of large, flightless birds of Gondwanan origin, most of them now extinct. There is still some controversy regarding the systematics involved. Some sources state that Ratites are synonymous with *Struthioiniformes*, while other sources state that Ratites are the same group, only that the order *Struthioniformes* contains only the Ostrich and possibly the Elephant Bird. Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum - hence the name from the Latin ratis (for raft). Without this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not fly even if they were to develop suitable wings. WIKIPEDIA:Ratite http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8662 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4362 struthioniformes ratite Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, in the genus *Apteryx* and family *Apterygidae*. At around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any species of bird in the world. WIKIPEDIA:Kiwi http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8663 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4363 Apteryx Shaw, 1813 apteryx kiwi obsolete: northern bobwhite true obsolete: california quail true obsolete: common quail true obsolete: mallard true obsolete: muscovy duck true A breed of domesticated duck used primarily for egg and meat production. It was bred from the Mallard in China. Anas peking Anas platyrhynchos domestica anas platyrhynchos dom. long island duck american pekin duck The Mulard (or Moulard) is a hybrid variety of domestic duck produced by crossing a female Pekin with a male Muscovy Duck. Since the domestic Pekin is descended from the Mallard Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) and the Muscovy (*Cairina moschata*) is a separate species, all Mulards are sterile F1 hybrids. Most are bred through artificial insemination, and are sometimes also called "mule ducks". WIKIPEDIA:Mulard_duck http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4370 mule duck mulard duck obsolete: red deer true obsolete: japanese horse-chestnut tree true obsolete: common vetch plant true The biological subfamily *Bovinae* includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. WIKIPEDIA:Bovinae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2851454 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4374 bovinae bovine http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/103531 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4375 tragelaphus spp. spiral-horned bovine obsolete: nyala true obsolete: mountain nyala true obsolete: lesser kudu true obsolete: greater kudu true http://langual.org ITIS:625122 http://eol.org/pages/2851454 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4380 Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood, 1925 bubalus mephistopheles short-horned water buffalo A bovid (family *Bovidae*) is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with characteristic unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle. WIKIPEDIA:Bovidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7687 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4381 bovidae bovid Chinese mud carp (Cirrhinus chinensis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus. Chinese mud carp is an important food fish in Guangdong Province. It is also cultured in this area and Taiwan. Cantonese and Shunde cuisines often use this fish to make fish balls and dumplings. WIKIPEDIA:Cirrhinus_chinensis http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/3198 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4382 cirrhinus chinensis chinese mud carp obsolete: alaska plaice true obsolete: weathervane scallop true obsolete: snapping turtle true Achatina is a genus of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing, tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achatina http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4386 achatina giant snail obsolete: stevia plant true obsolete: cupuaçu plant true *Cucumis* is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the *Cucurbitaceae* family which includes the cucumber (*Cucumis sativus*), muskmelons (*Cucumis melo*, including cantaloupe and honeydew), the horned melon (*Cucumis metuliferus*), and the West Indian gherkin (*Cucumis anguria*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4459 cucumis species The *Cucurbitaceae*, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, the most important of which are: *Cucurbita* - squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds; *Lagenaria* - calabash, and others that are inedible; *Citrullus* - watermelon (*C. lanatus, C. colocynthis*) and others; *Cucumis* - cucumber (*C. sativus*), various melons; *Luffa* - luffa, loofah http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4460 cucurbitaceae gourd/squash family obsolete: golden-spoon plant true obsolete: morrito plant true obsolete: yellow pond lily plant true obsolete: Crateva religiosa tree true Chordates, members of the phylum *Chordata*, are deuterostome animals possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life cycles. Taxonomically, the phylum includes the subphyla *Vertebrata*, including mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds; *Tunicata*, including salps and sea squirts; and *Cephalochordata*, comprising the lancelets. WIKIPEDIA:Chordate Accidentally put in LanguaL. http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/694 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4465 obsolete: chordate true Tunicates, previously known as *Urochordata* or urochordates, are members of the *Tunicata*, a subphylum of the phylum *Chordata*. They are marine filter feeders with a saclike morphology. In their respiration and feeding they take in water through an incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through an excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile and attached to rocks or similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; others such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes swim in the pelagic zone as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts or sea pork. WIKIPEDIA:Tunicate http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4466 oopah sea squirt tunicata tunicate *Ascidiacea* (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a class in the Tunicata subphylum of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" made of the polysaccharide tunicin, as compared to other tunicates which are less rigid. WIKIPEDIA:Ascidiacea http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/1486 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4467 ascidiacea sea squirts ascidian obsolete: american black bear true obsolete: polar bear true The brown bear (*Ursus arctos*) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. Adult bears generally weigh between 100 and 635 kg (220 and 1,400 lb) and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator. There are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species. In North America, two types are generally recognized, the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear, and the two types could broadly define all brown bear subspecies. WIKIPEDIA:Brown_bear http://langual.org ITIS:180543 MSW3:14000970 http://eol.org/pages/328581 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4470 Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 ursus arctos brown bear The Kodiak bear (*Ursus arctos middendorffi*), also known as the Kodiak brown bear or the Alaskan grizzly bear or American brown bear, occupies the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in South-Western Alaska. Its name in the Alutiiq language is Taquka-aq. It is the largest subspecies of brown bear. WIKIPEDIA:Kodiak_Bear http://langual.org MSW3:14000982 http://eol.org/pages/7664 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4471 Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam, 1896 taquka-aq ursus arctos middendorffi kodiak bear The grizzly bear (*Ursus arctos horribilis*), also known as the silvertip bear, the grizzly, or the North American brown bear, is a subspecies of brown bear (Ursus arctos) that generally lives in the uplands of western North America. This subspecies is thought to descend from Ussuri brown bears which crossed to Alaska from eastern Russia 100,000 years ago, though they did not move south until 13,000 years ago. WIKIPEDIA:Grizzly_bear http://langual.org MSW3:14000979 http://eol.org/pages/7664 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4472 Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815 grizzly north american brown bear silvertip bear ursus arctos horribilis grizzly bear The California golden bear or California grizzly (*Ursus arctos californicus*) is an extinct subspecies of the brown bear. The California golden bear disappeared from the state of California in 1922, when the last one was shot in Tulare County. In 1866, a grizzly weighing 2,200 pounds was killed in Valley Center, California, the largest grizzly killed in California. WIKIPEDIA:California_golden_bear http://langual.org ITIS:726987 MSW3:14000974 http://eol.org/pages/7664 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4473 Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896 ursus arctos californicus california golden bear obsolete: alaska blueberry plant true obsolete: narrowleaf cattail plant true Chitons are small to large marine molluscs in the class *Polyplacophora*, which formerly was known as *Amphineura*. There are approximately 940 extant and 430 fossil species recognized. These molluscs are also sometimes commonly known as sea cradles or "coat-of-mail shells". They are also sometimes referred to more formally as loricates, polyplacophorans, and rarely as polyplacophores. Chitons have a dorsal shell which is composed of eight separate shell plates or valves. These plates overlap somewhat at the front and back edges, and yet the plates articulate well with one another. WIKIPEDIA:Polyplacophora http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2680 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4476 amphineura chiton chíton loricate polplacophore polyplacophora polyplacophoran obsolete: black katy chiton true obsolete: squashberry plant true The White-winged Scoter (*Melanitta deglandi* or *Melanitta fusca deglandi*) is a large sea duck. WIKIPEDIA:White-winged_scoter http://langual.org ITIS:175165 http://eol.org/pages/8027 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4479 Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850) melanitta deglandi melanitta fusca deglandi white-winged scoter obsolete: velvet scoter true *Umbridae* (mudminnows) are a family of *Actinopterygii*, ray-finned fish that inhabit freshwater environments in temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere. They are generally small fish, with the largest species reaching 33 centimetres (13 in) in length, and most less than half that. WIKIPEDIA:Umbridae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5508 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4481 umbridae mudminnow family obsolete: alaska blackfish true obsolete: alpine sweetvetch plant true obsolete: giant pacific octopus true obsolete: bearded seal true obsolete: beluga whale true obsolete: spotted seal true obsolete: bowhead whale true Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order *Strigiformes*, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the Northern Hawk Owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except Antarctica, most of Greenland and some remote islands. Though owls are typically solitary, the literary collective noun for a group of owls is a parliament. Owls are characterized by their small beaks and wide faces, and are divided into two families: the typical owls, *Strigidae*; and the barn-owls, *Tytonidae*. WIKIPEDIA:Strigiformes http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/696 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4489 strigiformes owl order True owl or Typical owl (family *Strigidae*) are one of the two generally accepted families of Owls, the other being the barn owls (*Tytonidae*). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the *Caprimulgiformes* with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily *Strigidae*. This is unsupported by more recent research (see *Cypselomorphae* for details), but the relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises around 189 living species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica. WIKIPEDIA:Strigidae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8660 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4490 strigidae typical owl family obsolete: great horned owl true obsolete: plains pricklypear plant true obsolete: prairie turnip plant true The *Polygonaceae* are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed-buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus *Polygonum*, and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; poly means many and goni means knee or joint. WIKIPEDIA:Polygonaceae http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4494 polygonaceae smartweed-buckwheat family knotweed family *Aconogonon alaskanum* is an Asian and North American species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family known by the common name Alaska wild-rhubarb. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconogonon_alaskanum] http://langual.org GRIN:455714 ITIS:20870 PLANTS:POAL11 http://eol.org/pages/4364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4495 Aconogonon alaskanum (Small) Sojak Polygonum alpinum All. aconogonon alaskanum polygonum alaskanum alaska wild rhubarb plant *Pangium edule* (Indonesian: keluak or keluwak;Malay: kepayang) is a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea). It produces a large poisonous fruit (the "football fruit") which can be made edible by fermentation. In Singapore and Malaysia, the seeds are best known as an essential ingredient in ayam (chicken) or babi (pork) buah keluak, a mainstay of Peranakan cuisine. Alternatively, the kernels may be ground up to form a thick black gravy called rawan (or rawon in parts of Indonesia). WIKIPEDIA:Pangium_edule http://langual.org GRIN:26427 PLANTS:PAED4 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4496 Pangium edule Reinw. Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume pangium edule rowal pangium edule plant obsolete: steller sea lion true obsolete: ringed seal true obsolete: arctic dock plant true *Spermophilus* is a genus of ground squirrels in the family *Sciuridae*. The majority of ground squirrel species, over 40 in total, are usually placed in this genus. However, *Spermophilus* in the broad sense has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues. WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/15104 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4500 spermophilus ground squirrel The Arctic ground squirrel (*Urocitellus parryii*) is a species of ground squirrel native to the Arctic. People in Alaska, particularly around the Aleutians, refer to them as "Parka" (pronounced "par'kee") squirrels. probably because their pelt is good for making the fur edging on the hoods of Parka style jackets. WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus_parryii http://langual.org ITIS:180146 http://eol.org/pages/8703 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4501 Spermophilus parryii (Richardson, 1825) spermophilus parryii urocitellus parryii arctic ground squirrel obsolete: tealeaf willow plant true obsolete: hedge mustard plant true obsolete: tahitian spinach plant true Pattypan squash, sunburst squash, cibleme in Cajun French, white squash, scallopini or yellow squash in Australian English, is a summer squash (species *Cucurbita pepo*) notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, somewhat resembling a small toy top, or flying saucer. WIKIPEDIA:Pattypan_squash http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4505 pattypan squash plant scallop squash plant obsolete: beaked hazel plant true Blue corn is a variety of Flint maize grown in northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States, particularly in the states of Arizona and New Mexico. WIKIPEDIA:Blue_corn http://langual.org GRIN:311987 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4507 Hopi maize Zea mays ssp. mays L. Zea mays subsp. mays Rio Grande Blue Tarahumara Maiz Azul Yoeme Blue zea mays indurata (not acc.) zea mays ssp. mays blue corn plant *Eriophorum* (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family *Cyperaceae*, the sedge family. They are found throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere in acid bog habitats, being particularly abundant in Arctic tundra regions. WIKIPEDIA:Cottongrass http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/29149 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4508 cotton-grass cottonsedge eriophorum mouse nuts cottongrass plant obsolete: new zealand lemon sole true obsolete: ceylon sago palm plant true Choy sum or choi sum also known as the Chinese Flowering Cabbage, literally means vegetable heart in Cantonese if directly translated. Chinese Flowering Cabbage (*Brassica rapa* var. *parachinensis* or *Brassica chinensis* var. *parachinensis*) is a member of the *Brassica* genus and the *Brassicaceae* (mustard) family. WIKIPEDIA:Choy_sum http://langual.org GRIN:319637 http://eol.org/pages/4219 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4514 Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt brassica rapa var. parachinensis chinese flowering cabbage choisum false pak-choi flowering white cabbage mock pak-choi choy sum plant Tatsoi (*Brassica narinosa* or *Brassica rapa* var. *rosularis*), also called Spinach mustard, Spoon mustard, or Rosette bok choy, is an Asian variety of *Brassica rapa* grown for greens. This plant has become popular in North American cuisine as well, and is now grown throughout the world. WIKIPEDIA:Tatsoi http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4515 brassica narinosa brassica rapa var. rosularis spinach mustard spoon mustard tatsoi plant Buttercup squash is one of the most common varieties of this winter squash, with a turban shape (a flattish top and dark green skin), weighing three to five pounds, and normally heavy with dense, yellow-orange flesh. WIKIPEDIA:Cucurbita_maxima http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4516 cucurbita maxima var. buttercup buttercup squash plant obsolete: common cattail plant true *Prunus virginiana*, commonly called bitter-berry, chokecherry, Virginia bird cherry and western chokecherry (also western chokecherry for *Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa*), is a species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south. WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_virginiana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12304 GRIN:30151 ITIS:24806 PLANTS:PRVI http://eol.org/pages/630083 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4518 Prunus virginiana L. bitter-berry chokeberry prunus virginiana virginia bird cherry virginia chokeberry common chokeberry plant Western Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana var. demissa) is a native tree or shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is fast growing and short-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 20 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer http://langual.org GRIN:30152 ITIS:529893 PLANTS:PRVID http://eol.org/pages/8097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4519 Cerisier du Pacifique western choke cherry Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. prunus virginiana var. demissa western chokeberry plant obsolete: prairie rose plant true obsolete: french rose plant true *Collocalia* is a genus of swifts, containing some of the smaller species termed "swiftlets". Formerly a catch-all genus for these, a number of its erstwhile members are now normally (though not by all authors) placed in *Aerodramus*. WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/18077 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4522 aerodramus collocalia swiftlet http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8023 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4523 apodidae swift obsolete: edible-nest swiftlet true obsolete: american ginseng plant true obsolete: chinese ginseng plant true obsolete: japanese ginseng plant true Marrowfat peas are green mature peas that have been allowed to dry out naturally in the field, rather than be harvested whilst still young like the normal garden pea. They are used to make mushy peas and also the snack food wasabi peas. Marrowfat is a traditional, starchy, large-seeded variety of pea (*Pisum sativum* var. *medullare*). The word was coined around 1730 from marrow + fat. WIKIPEDIA:Marrowfat_pea http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12013 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4528 Pisum sativum L. convar. medullare Alef. pisum sativum var. medullare marrowfat pea plant obsolete: chinese white olive plant true obsolete: indian gooseberry tree true obsolete: atlantic bobtail true http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2333 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4532 sepiolidae bobtail squid *Dipteryx alata* (Baru) is a species of legume in the family *Fabaceae*. It is a large tree, usually referred to as "Baruzeiro" (Baru tree) in Portuguese and its fruits or almond-like beans are known as Baru. Other names besides Baru are Cumaru, Cumbaru, Barujo, Coco-feijão, Cumarurana, Emburena-brava, Feijão-coco, and Pau-cumaru. It is found only in the Cerrado region of Brazil, and the Chiquitano region of eastern Bolivia, and is threatened by habitat loss. Historically it has been used as lumber, for charcoal production and for shade in pastures. The fruits are used as feed for cattle bovine and are also an important food source for small mammals, rodents, birds, bats, etc. They are also consumed by people. WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_alata http://langual.org GRIN:317431 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4544 Dipteryx alata Vogel barujo coco-feijão cumaru cumarurana cumbaru dipteryx alata emburena-brava feijão-coco pau-cumaru baru plant obsolete: pequi plant true *Anacardium othonianum* is a tree native from the tropical savanna (cerrado) region of Brazil, whose fruit is similar to (but smaller than) that of the common cashew tree (*Anacardium occidentale*) of the Brazilian Northeast. It is locally known by the Tupi-derived name cajuí, and by the Portuguese names caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado ("tree cashew of the cerrado"),[1] caju-vermelho-de-goiás ("red cashew from Goiás"),[2] cajuzinho-do-cerrado or just cajuzinho ("little cashew"). Anacardium othonianum Rizzini [The Plant List, KEW-2635918] WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_othonianum http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4546 anacardium othonianum caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado cajuzinho cajuzinho-do-cerrado cajuí little cashew caju-docerrado plant The rheas are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order *Rheiformes*, native to South America, related to the ostrich and emu. There are two extant species: the greater or American rhea and the lesser or Darwin's rhea. WIKIPEDIA:Rhea_(bird) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4556 pterocnemia pennata rhea americana rheidae rhea obsolete: greater rhea true obsolete: lesser rhea true Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the *Osteoglossoidei* and the *Notopteroidei*. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoglossiformes] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5386 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4559 bonytongues osteoglossiformes fish, osteoglossiform The mooneyes are a family, the *Hiodontidae*, of ray-finned fish comprising two living and three extinct species in the genus *Hiodon*. They are large-eyed, fork-tailed fish that physically resemble shads. Their common name comes from the metallic gold or silver shine of their eyes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooneye] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/5386 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4560 hiodontidae mooneye mooneye family obsolete: goldeye true obsolete: muskox true obsolete: narwhal true obsolete: harp seal true The fulmars are tubenosed seabirds of the family *Procellariidae*. The family consists of two extant species and two extinct fossils from the Miocene.</br>The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*) or just fulmar lives in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, whereas the southern fulmar, (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is, as its name implies, a bird of the Southern Ocean. Fulmars superficially resemble gulls, but are readily distinguished by their flight on stiff wings, and their tube noses. They breed on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge of bare rock. Outside the breeding season, they are pelagic, feeding on fish, squid and shrimp in the open ocean. WIKIPEDIA:Fulmar http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/19855 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4565 fulmarus spp. fulmar obsolete: northern fulmar true obsolete: southern fulmar true obsolete: black-headed gull true obsolete: lesser black-backed gull true obsolete: great black-backed gull true Balaenoptera, from the Latin *balaena* (whale) and *pteron* (fin), is a genus of *Balaenopteridae*, the rorquals, and contains eight extant species. The species *Balaenoptera omurai* was published in 2003. *Balaenoptera* is the most diverse genus of its family, the only other member being the Humpback Whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae*. WIKIPEDIA:Balaenoptera http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/7660 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4571 balaenoptera spp. baleen whale finback whale rorquals minke whale obsolete: northern minke whale true obsolete: antarctic minke whale true Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in saltwater, in other words marine gastropods. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4639 marine gastropod sea slug sea snail *Passiflora*, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 500 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family *Passifloraceae*. They are mostly vines, with some being shrubs, and a few species being herbaceous. For information about the fruit of the passiflora plant, see *PASSION FRUIT*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38402 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4670 passiflora spp. passionflower plant *Syzygium* is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, *Myrtaceae*. The genus comprises about 1200-1800 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific. Several species of *Syzygium* bear fruit that are edible for humans, many of which are named "roseapple". Fifty-two species are found in Australia and are generally known as lillipillies, brush cherries or satinash. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2508658 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4677 brush cherry lillipilli satinash syzygium spp. syzygium plant The *Cyperaceae* are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the Carex genus of "true sedges" with over 2,000 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperaceae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/8211 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4707 sedge plant *Typha* is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family *Typhaceae*. These plants have many common names. They may be known in British English as bulrush, or reedmace, in American English as cattail, punks, or corn dog grass, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand as raupõ. The rhizomes are edible. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/66364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4729 bulrush corn dog grass cumbungi punks typha spp. cattail plant *Lepidium* is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, *Brassicaceae*. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. It includes familiar species such as garden cress, maca, and dittander. General common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/38044 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4739 lepidium spp. peppercress peppergrass pepperwort pepperweed plant *Ipomoea* is the largest genus in the flowering plant family *Convolvulaceae*, with over 500 species. It is a large and diverse group with common names including morning glory, water convolvulus or kangkung, sweet potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipomoea] http://langual.org DPNL:10479 GRIN:300283 PLANTS:IPOMO http://eol.org/pages/4431 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4741 Ipomoea Ipomoea L. Ipomoea spp. birdweed ipomoea spp. kangkung moonflower sweet potato water convolvulus morning-glory family *Vigna* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, with a pantropical distribution. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/28229 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4742 vigna spp. cowpea family *Chenopodium* is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/37754 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4745 chenopodium spp. goosefoot family *Equus* is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, asses, and zebras. Within Equidae, Equus is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses. http://langual.org MSW3:14100003 http://eol.org/pages/1670 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4849 Equus Linnaeus, 1758 equidae equus equine animal Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum *Vertebrata*. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; jellyfish, and worms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate] Terrestrial invertebrates include ants, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and spiders. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_animal] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4899 insect invertebrate, land land snail terrestrial invertebrate The *Alosinae*, or the shads, are a subfamily of fishes in the herring family *Clupeidae*. The subfamily comprises seven genera worldwide, and about 30 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alosinae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/2777156 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4903 alosinae shads *Helicidae* is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including *Cornu aspersum* (formerly *Helix aspersa*) the brown or garden snail, and *Helix pomatia* the "escargot" Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicidae http://langual.org 2019-04-29T21:42:27Z http://eol.org/pages/57691 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4904 typical snail helicidae The *Solanaceae*, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many, including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell/chili peppers, and tobacco are widely used. The *Solanaceae* consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanaceae] http://langual.org http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4934 nightshade family solanaceae plant The *Annonaceae* are a family, the custard apple family, of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the *Magnoliales*. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably *Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia*, and *Uvaria*. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonaceae] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4972 annonaceae custard apple family *Canarium* is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family *Burseraceae*. The trees and their edible nuts have a large number of common names in their range. These include Pacific almond, canarium nut, pili nut, Java almond, Kenari nut, galip nut, nangai, and ngali. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium] http://langual.org GRIN:312271 PLANTS:CANAR2 http://eol.org/pages/4411 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5026 Canarium L. Canarium spp. canarium plant *Echinacea* is a genus, or group of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. The *Echinacea* genus has nine species, which are commonly called coneflowers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9439 GRIN:318214 PLANTS:ECHIN http://eol.org/pages/4206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5071 Echinacea Echinacea Moench Echinacea spp. echinacea purple coneflower plant *Lycium* is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, *Solanaceae*. Common names for the genus include box-thorn, desert-thorn, wolfberry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycium] http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10981 GRIN:403991 PLANTS:LYCIU http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5103 Lycium Lycium L. Lycium spp. lycium plant *Solanum* is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include two food crops of high economic importance, the potato and the tomato. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. *Solanum* species show a wide range of growing habits, such as annual and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like *Lycopersicon* (the tomatoes) and *Cyphomandra* are now included in *Solanum* as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500-2,000 species. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13160 GRIN:300568 PLANTS:SOLAN http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5104 Solanum Solanum L. Solanum spp. solanum plant Anatomical part of the plant or animal from which a food product or its major ingredient is derived. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0116 part of organism Bone, feathers, shell, skin or trim fat. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0122 nonmeat part of animal Includes carcass meat, organ meat, and nonmeat parts of animals, as well as the whole animal. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0127 animal body or body part part of animal Anatomical part of an animal; includes eggs and milk that, although separated from the animal, are produced as integral parts and are affected by the animal's food intake and metabolism. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0164 part of animal Food substance or component consisting predominantly of mixed glycerol esters of fatty acids and, in far lesser amounts, of fatty acids, sterols and pigments. A fat is a solid at room temperature, an oil is a liquid at room temperature (20 degrees C.). Excludes essential oils. Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-06-20T05:09:36Z SUBSET_SIREN:F15008 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0190 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0221 oil or fat subset_siren fat or oil A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0228 extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0238 bulb, root or tuber tuber, bulb or root root, tuber or bulb A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*. http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F5105 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=E0130 fluid food (liquid) food preservation process food preservation process biological_process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. biological_process hemopoiesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. hemopoiesis Insulin resistance Increased resistance towards insulin, that is, diminished effectiveness of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance Abnormal circulating lipid concentration Abnormal circulating lipid concentration conditional specification A directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived OBI_0000349 conditional specification measurement unit label Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term. 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot measurement unit label objective specification In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed." 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that. Answers the question, why did you do this experiment? PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Barry Smith PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel goal specification OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 objective specification Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n GROUP: IAO 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. datum label journal article Examples are articles published in the journals, Nature and Science. The content can often be cited by reference to a paper based encoding, e.g. Authors, Title of article, Journal name, date or year of publication, volume and page number. A report that is published in a journal. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000159 group:OBI journal article data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data data item symbol a serial number such as "12324X" a stop sign a written proper name such as "OBI" An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154). PERSON: James A. Overton PERSON: Jonathan Rees based on Oxford English Dictionary symbol information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity 1 1 10 feet. 3 ml. A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. 2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot scalar measurement datum An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters directive information entity rule example to be added A rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions. MSI PRS OBI_0500021 PRS rule algorithm PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. Philippe Rocca-Serra PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI_0000270 adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg) algorithm curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification report Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article. A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record). 2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include (only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the whole sentence is deleted. 2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so. 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON:Chris Stoeckert GROUP: OBI OBI_0000099 report data set Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves). A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000042 group:OBI data set data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification measurement datum Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay? person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000305 group:OBI measurement datum version number A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version GROUP: IAO version number conclusion textual entity that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660 A textual entity that expresses the results of reasoning about a problem, for instance as typically found towards the end of scientific papers. 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg: We need to work on the definition still Person:Alan Ruttenberg conclusion textual entity textual entity Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc. MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter text textual entity citation Verspoor, K., Cohen, KB., Hunter, L. Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar, BMC Bioinformatics 2009, 10:183. A textual entity intended to identify a particular publication. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter citation document A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document publication A journal article or book A document that has been accepted by a publisher PERSON: Lawrence Hunter publication publication about an investigation Most scientific journal articles A publication that is about an investigation PERSON: Lawrence Hunter scientific publication publication about an investigation supplementary material to a document supplementary material to a document A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case Person:Alan Ruttenberg time measurement datum email address Alan Ruttenberg 1/3/2012 - Provisional id, see issue at https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/130&thanks=130&ts=1325636583 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Chris Stoeckart email address author role A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot author role A planned process in which journal articles are read or processed and data items are extracted, typically for further analysis or indexing Person:Alan Ruttenberg data item extraction from journal article Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database. A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it. 6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape Bjoern Peters wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting documenting A new pubmed ID being created for a journal article, and the associated pubmed record containing information to the journal article. A license plate number registered at the DMV to be belonging to a specific vehicle and owner. Placing a barcode on a product and entering information in a database that this barcode is assigned. A planned process in which a new CRID is created, associated with an entity, and stored in the CRID registry thereby registering it as being associated with some entity 2014-05-05: It is the CRID registry that assigns CRIDs, not the users of the registry. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Bjoern Peters Person:Melanie Courtot assigning a CRID assigning a centrally registered identifier The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID symbol Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier symbol The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. 2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records'). Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation. Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles. A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID registry Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier registry ethical approval textual entity ethical approval textual entity informed consent form informed consent form signed informed consent form signed informed consent form contact person for questions about research contact person for questions about research kanadi kingfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:986 FAO ASFIS:KAK ITIS:202048 http://eol.org/pages/206788 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3984 Kanadi kingfish Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir 1966 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966 scomberomorus plurilineatus Scomberomorus plurilineatus Sicyoeae Benincaseae atlantic mud shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1245 FAO ASFIS:SKM ITIS:96005 http://eol.org/pages/347713 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3633 Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816) Solenocera membranacea Risso, 1816 solenocera membranacea Solenocera membranacea muskrat http://langual.org ITIS:180318 MSW3:13000330 http://eol.org/pages/313678 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1527 muskrat Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766 ondatra zibethicus Ondatra zibethicus queen scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1342 FAO ASFIS:QSC ITIS:79627 http://eol.org/pages/448743 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2715 Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus 1758) Chlamys opercularis Chlamys opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) aequipecten opercularis chlamys opercularis Aequipecten opercularis chilean strawberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9863 GRIN:246 ITIS:24625 PLANTS:FRCH http://eol.org/pages/230224 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3338 Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. Fragaria chiloënsis (L.) Mill. beach strawberry chiloe strawberry fragaria chiloensis Fragaria chiloensis virginia strawberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9866 GRIN:267 ITIS:24639 MANSFELD:8610 PLANTS:FRVI http://eol.org/pages/234385 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2949 Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Fragaria virginiana Mill. fragaria virginiana scarlet strawberry wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana Digitaria exilis, referred to as findi or fundi in areas of Africa, such as The Gambia, with English common names white fonio, fonio millet, and hungry rice or acha rice, is a grass species. fonio plant http://langual.org GRIN:14016 ITIS:40628 MANSFELD:35320 PLANTS:DIEX4 http://eol.org/pages/1114313 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2043 Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf hungry rice white fonio Digitaria exilis southeast pacific grunt http://langual.org CEC 1993:698 FAO ASFIS:GRP ITIS:630254 http://eol.org/pages/204763 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3946 Cabinza grunt Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830) Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830) Isacia conceptionis (Valenciennes, 1830) isacia conceptionis Isacia conceptionis humantin http://langual.org CEC 1993:70 FAO ASFIS:OXY ITIS:160690 http://eol.org/pages/223564 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4121 angular rough shark angular roughshark Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758) angular rough shark centrina shark oxynotus centrina prickly dogfish Oxynotus centrina The winter melon, also called ash gourd, white gourd, wax gourd, winter gourd, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, and Chinese preserving melon is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature. It is the only member of the genus *Benincasa*. The fruit is fuzzy when young. The immature melon has thick white flesh that is sweet when eaten. By maturity, the fruit loses its hairs and develops a waxy coating, giving rise to the name wax gourd, and providing a long shelf life.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_melon] fuzzy melon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7970 GRIN:6746 ITIS:505894 PLANTS:BEHI3 http://eol.org/pages/484058 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2518 ash gourd wax gourd winter melon Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. benincasa hispida var. chinese vegetable marrow hairy melon mogwa tallow gourd waxgourd winter melon Benincasa hispida Viruses Viruses Asteroideae Heliantheae Cardueae curled octopus http://langual.org CEC:1416 FAO ASFIS:EOI ITIS:82646 http://eol.org/pages/492409 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3681 curled octopus horned octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck 1798) Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck, 1798) eledone cirrhosa eledone cirrosa horned octopus Eledone cirrhosa isada krill http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:UFP ITIS:95502 http://eol.org/pages/509419 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3582 North Pacific krill Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911 euphausia pacifica Euphausia pacifica fox grape muscadine Vitis rotundifolia Concord grape Vitis labrusca A large species of frog found in mainland Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal. indian bullfrog http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FRT ITIS:586353 http://eol.org/pages/331125 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3460 Asean bullfrog Asia bullfrog Asian bullfrog Indus Valley bullfrog Indus valley bullfrog tiger frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802) Rana tigrina Daudin 1802 Rana tigrina Daudin, 1802 asiatic bullfrog hoplobatrachus rana tigrina Hoplobatrachus tigerinus japanese chestnut tree http://langual.org GRIN:9434 ITIS:506540 MANSFELD:17788 PLANTS:CACR27 http://eol.org/pages/1148515 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2417 Japanese chestnut kuri Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc. Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. castanea crenata LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *JAPANESE CHESTNUT [B2417]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Castanea crenata northern wild rice plant http://langual.org GRIN:42269 ITIS:505807 PLANTS:ZIPA3 http://eol.org/pages/1115563 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4247 Zizania palustris L. Zizania palustris Mycteroperca Lactuca sativa var. capitata Doryteuthis long-fin squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1406 FAO ASFIS:SQL ITIS:82372 http://eol.org/pages/448839 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3683 longfin inshore squid Loligo pealei Lesueur, 1821 Loligo pealeii Loligo pealeii Lesueur 1821 Loligo pealeii Lesueur, 1821 loligo pealei longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii arrow squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:OJO ITIS:82373 http://eol.org/pages/448891 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2683 Loligo plei Loligo plei Blainville, 1823 loligo plei slender inshore squid Doryteuthis pleii Cyperus esculentus (also called chufa sedge, nut grass, yellow nutsedge, tiger nut sedge, or earth almond) is a crop of the sedge family widespread across much of the world. yellow nutsedge plant http://langual.org 2019-11-22T16:43:57Z DPNL 2003:9124 ITIS:39888 MANSFELD:20613 PLANTS:CYES http://eol.org/pages/1121991 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2159 choufa plant chufa plant cyperus esculentus earth almond plant nutgrass plant purple nutsedge plant rush nut plant tiger nut plant tigernut plant zulu nut plant Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperus esculentus lemon sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1128 FAO ASFIS:LEM ITIS:172888 http://eol.org/pages/208740 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2647 lemon sole Microstomus kitt Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792) microstomus kitt Microstomus kitt Arcoidea Solenoidea chinese crabapple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11048 GRIN:23219 ITIS:25256 PLANTS:MABA http://eol.org/pages/230643 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3344 malus baccata shan jing zi Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. malus baccata var. baccata Malus baccata Manchurian crabapple plant (Malus baccata) is an Asian species of apple native to much of northern Asia, but is also grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for rootstock. It is used for bonsai. It bears plentiful fragrant white flowers and edible red to yellow fruit of about 1 cm diameter. manchurian crabapple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11051 GRIN:104672 ITIS:565975 PLANTS:MAMA37 http://eol.org/pages/2508061 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3345 Chinese crab apple plant Manchurian crab apple plant Siberian crab Siberian crab apple plant Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom. Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom. ex Skvortsov malus baccata var. mandshurica malus mandshurica Malus mandshurica red bream http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:512 FAO ASFIS:BXD ITIS:166155 http://eol.org/pages/211204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3829 alfonsino Beryx decadactylus Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829 Beryx decadactylus Cuvier, 1829 alfonsino beryx decadactylus Beryx decadactylus silver scabbardfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:946 FAO ASFIS:SFS ITIS:172391 http://eol.org/pages/216769 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2902 silver scabbardfish Lepidopus caudatus Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) lepidopus caudatus Lepidopus caudatus sharpnose skate http://langual.org CEC 1993:96 FAO ASFIS:RJK ITIS:564141 http://eol.org/pages/218418 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4088 sailray Dipturus linteus (Fries, 1838) Raja lintea Fries, 1838 Raja lintea Fries, 1839 dipturus lintea raja lintea sailray Dipturus linteus Chaceon big powan http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:CIJ ITIS:161969 http://eol.org/pages/206427 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4057 peled Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789) coregonus peled Coregonus peled red kingklip http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:918 FAO ASFIS:CUC ITIS:165002 http://eol.org/pages/1004129 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1859 red cusk-eel Genypterus chilensis Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot 1848) Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) genypterus chilensis kingklip, red red cusk-eel Genypterus chilensis Eriphiidae Cupuaçu (*Theobroma grandiflorum*), also spelled cupuassu, cupuazú, and copoasu, is a tropical rainforest tree related to cacao. Common throughout the Amazon basin, it is widely cultivated in the jungles of Colombia, Bolivia and Peru and in the north of Brazil, with the largest production in Pará, followed by Amazonas, Rondônia and Acre. cupuaçu plant WIKIPEDIA:Cupuacu http://langual.org The white pulp of the cupuaçu is uniquely fragrant (described as a mix of chocolate and pineapple), and it contains theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) instead of the xanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) found in cacao.[1] It is frequently used in desserts, juices and sweets. The juice tastes primarily like a pear, with a hint of banana. GRIN:101891 ITIS:506108 PLANTS:THGR7 http://eol.org/pages/482162 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4457 Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum. Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum. Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Sprengel) Schumann theobroma grandiflorum Theobroma grandiflorum *Chaerophyllum bulbosum* is a species of flowering plant from the carrot family and known by several common names, including turnip-rooted chervil, tuberous-rooted chervil, bulbous chervil, and parsnip chervil. It is native to Europe and Western Asia. It was a popular vegetable in the 19th century. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaerophyllum_bulbosum] bulbous chervil plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8552 GRIN:10020 ITIS:29615 PLANTS:CHBU5 http://eol.org/pages/581716 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3440 Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. chaerophyllum bulbosum turnip-rooted chervil Chaerophyllum bulbosum Pachyrhizus *Pachyrhizus erosus*, commonly known as Jícama, Yam, and Mexican Turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is one species in the genus Pachyrhizus. Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas. jicama plant WIKIPEDIA:Jicama http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11586 GRIN:26286 ITIS:26824 PLANTS:PAER3 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1738 jicama potato-bean yam-bean Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban mexican yam bean pachyrhizus erosus yam bean Pachyrhizus erosus donkeys ear abalone http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:LIY ITIS:69507 http://eol.org/pages/462648 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3541 Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 haliotis asinina Haliotis asinina rock bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:592 FAO ASFIS:AKR ITIS:168097 http://eol.org/pages/205064 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1362 Ambloplites rupestris Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque, 1817) ambloplites rupestris Ambloplites rupestris southern shortfin squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SQM ITIS:82523 http://eol.org/pages/451353 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3695 Illex coindetii Illex coindetii (Verany, 1839) broadtail shortfin squid illex coindetii Illex coindetii lesser flying squid http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:TDQ ITIS:205728 http://eol.org/pages/586269 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3703 Todaropsis eblanae (Ball 1841) Todaropsis eblanae (Ball, 1841) todaropsis eblanae Todaropsis eblanae chinese waterchestnut plant http://langual.org BASIS:126 GRIN:14976 ITIS:506699 MANSFELD:20690 http://eol.org/pages/1120264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1026 Chinese water-chestnut Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Hensch. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trinius ex Henschel Eleocharis dulcis (Burman f.) Trin. ex Henschel chinese water chestnut eleocharis dulcis ground-chestnut ma-tai water chestnut matting reed waternut Eleocharis dulcis green rock lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1250 FAO ASFIS:LOG ITIS:552957 http://eol.org/pages/128857 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3606 Jasus verreauxi Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851) Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1851) Jasus verreauxi (Milne Edwards, 1851) jasus verreauxi black persimmon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9318 GRIN:14280 ITIS:505968 PLANTS:DIDI15 http://eol.org/pages/483959 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3326 black persimmon Diospyros digyna Jacq. black sapote diospyros digyna Diospyros digyna *Eragrostis tef*, known as Xaafii, (Oromiffa), teff, taf, is an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to the northern Ethiopian Highlands of Northeast Africa. teff plant http://langual.org GRIN:15320 ITIS:40738 PLANTS:ERTE http://eol.org/pages/1114367 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2475 tef teff Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter eragrostis tef Eragrostis tef juan fernandez rock lobster http://langual.org CEC 1993:1247 FAO ASFIS:LOF ITIS:552952 http://eol.org/pages/317430 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3604 Jasus frontalis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Jasus frontalis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) Jasus frontalis (Milne Edwards, 1837) jasus frontalis Jasus frontalis st.paul rock lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:JSP ITIS:552955 http://eol.org/pages/347038 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3608 Jasus paulensis Jasus paulensis (Heller, 1862) jasus paulensis Jasus paulensis tristan rock lobster http://langual.org CEC 1993:1249 FAO ASFIS:LBT ITIS:552956 http://eol.org/pages/343861 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3605 Jasus tristani Holthuis, 1963 jasus tristani Jasus tristani Polygonoideae Rumiceae shortbarbel pangasius http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PGK ITIS:681708 http://eol.org/pages/206980 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3688 shortbarbel pangasius Pangasius micronemus Pangasius micronemus Bleeker, 1847 pangasius micronemus Pseudolais micronemus kanda http://langual.org ITIS:170422 http://eol.org/pages/994427 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2305 kanda Valamugil engeli (Bleeker, 1858-59) mugil kandavensis valamugil engeli Moolgarda engeli Penaeoidea greenland halibut http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1135 FAO ASFIS:GHL ITIS:172930 http://eol.org/pages/223542 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1589 Greenland flounder Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792) black halibut greenland turbot halibut, greenland reinhardtius hippoglossoides turbot, greenland Reinhardtius hippoglossoides common ground dove http://langual.org ITIS:177152 http://eol.org/pages/914623 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3482 common ground-dove Columbina passerina (Linnaeus, 1758) columbina passerina Columbina passerina smooth-hound http://langual.org CEC 1993:52 FAO ASFIS:SMD ITIS:160242 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3511 common smoothhound smooth-hound Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) mustelus mustelus smooth hound Mustelus mustelus starry smooth-hound http://langual.org CEC 1993:51 FAO ASFIS:SDS ITIS:160240 http://eol.org/pages/988269 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4104 starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1821 mustelus asterias stellate smooth-hound Mustelus asterias 2020-11-16T16:45:31Z domesticated barley hordeum distichum hordeum vulgare l. convar. distichon two-rowed barley Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare Polyprionidae Polyprion wreckfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:577 FAO ASFIS:WRF ITIS:167914 http://eol.org/pages/205261 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1432 wreckfish Polyprion americanus Polyprion americanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Polyprion americanus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) polyprion americanus Polyprion americanus Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia. wolfberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10982 GRIN:22939 ITIS:503599 PLANTS:LYBA4 http://eol.org/pages/487010 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4197 Duke of Argyll's teatree goji berry matrimony vine ning xia gou qi wolfberry Lycium barbarum L. chinese boxthorn common matrimonyvine gojiberry lycium barbarum lycium halimifolium Lycium barbarum Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia. chinese box thorn plant WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:10983 GRIN:22942 ITIS:30538 PLANTS:LYCH http://eol.org/pages/581046 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3411 Chinese boxthorn Chinese wolfberry gou qi kuko Lycium chinense Mill. Lycium chinense P. Mill. chinese boxthorn chinese desert-thorn chinese wolfberry lycium chinense Lycium chinense http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8651 GRIN:10542 ITIS:501522 PLANTS:CIEN http://eol.org/pages/488332 endive escarole Cichorium endivia L. cichorium endivia escarole Cichorium endivia *Scorzonera hispanica*, black salsify or Spanish salsify, also known as black oyster plant, serpent root, viper's herb, viper's grass or simply scorzonera, is a perennial member of the genus Scorzonera in the sunflower family (*Asteraceae*), cultivated as a root vegetable in the same way as purple salsify (*Tragopogon porrifolius*), also in the sunflower family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorzonera_hispanica] Damion Dooley black salsify plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12946 GRIN:33412 ITIS:505091 MANSFELD:32155 PLANTS:SCHI2 http://eol.org/pages/485033 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2962 black oysterplant black salsify common viper's-grass scorzonera hispanica spanish salsify Scorzonera hispanica L. Scorzonera hispanica *Prunus spinosa* (blackthorn, or sloe) is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa. It is also locally naturalised in New Zealand and eastern North America. The fruit is similar to a small damson or plum, suitable for preserves, but rather tart and astringent for eating, unless it is picked after the first few days of autumn frost. The juice is used in the manufacture of fake port wine, and used as an adulterant to impart roughness to genuine port. In rural Britain a liqueur is made by infusing gin with sloes and sugar. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_spinosa] sloe plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12299 GRIN:30116 ITIS:24802 PLANTS:PRSP http://eol.org/pages/632461 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3325 blackthorn Prunus spinosa L. blackthorn prunus spinosa Prunus spinosa west african goatfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:811 FAO ASFIS:GOA ITIS:620958 http://eol.org/pages/206766 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3919 West African goatfish Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier 1829) Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier, 1829) pseudupeneus prayensis Pseudupeneus prayensis brazilian codling http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:468 FAO ASFIS:HKU ITIS:164738 http://eol.org/pages/210306 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3873 Brazilian codling Urophycis brasiliensis Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858) brazilian hake urophycis brasiliensis Urophycis brasiliensis Hyphaene thebaica, with common names doum palm and gingerbread tree, is a type of palm tree with edible oval fruit. It is native to the Nile valley in Egypt and Sudan, and in riverine areas of northwestern Kenya. doum palm plant WIKIPEDIA:Hyphaene_thebaica http://langual.org GRIN:19615 ITIS:506725 PLANTS:HYTH2 http://eol.org/pages/1142755 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2782 Hyphaene thebaica (L.) C. Martius Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. corypha thebaica doom palm egyptian doum gingerbread palm gingerbread tree hyphaene dahomeensis hyphaene guineensis hyphaene thebaica hyphaene togoensis vegetable ivory palm Hyphaene thebaica Palinuroidea *Vigna subterranea* (also known by its common names: Bambara nut, Boro (Yoruba), Bambara groundnut, Bambara-bean, Congo goober, earth pea, ground-bean, or hog-peanut) is a member of the family *Fabaceae*. The plant originated in West Africa. Vigna subterranea ripens its pods underground, much like the peanut (also called a groundnut). They can be eaten fresh or boiled after drying.[] bambara groundnut plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:13838 GRIN:105107 ITIS:506274 PLANTS:VISU7 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3418 Bambara groundnut ground-bean hog-peanut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou. bambara bean bambara nut bambara-bean boro (yoruba) congo goober earth pea ground-bean hog-peanut vigna subterranea voandzeia subterranea Vigna subterranea southern quahog http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EKK ITIS:81499 http://eol.org/pages/448968 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3635 southern quahog Mercenaria campechiensis Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791) gulf quahog hard clam mercenaria campechiensis Mercenaria campechiensis Eubrachyura Heterotremata *Abelmoschus moschatus* (Abelmosk, Ambrette seeds, Annual hibiscus, Bamia Moschata, Galu Gasturi, Muskdana, Musk mallow, Musk okra, Musk seeds, Ornamental okra, Rose mallow seeds, Tropical jewel hibiscus, Yorka okra; syn. *Hibiscus abelmoschus* L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant in the *Malvaceae* family, which is native to India. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelmoschus_moschatus] muskmallow plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7007 GRIN:623 ITIS:21772 PLANTS:ABMO http://eol.org/pages/584456 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4284 gandapura kasturi musk okra Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. abelmoschus moschatus abelmosk annual hibiscus musk okra Abelmoschus moschatus california cockle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:80876 http://eol.org/pages/449114 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3649 Clinocardium californiense Clinocardium californiense (Deshayes, 1839) clinocardium californiense Euteleostomi bony vertebrates bony vertebrates Euteleostomi Rosoideae incertae sedis stalk celery plant http://langual.org GRIN:102051 ITIS:182185 MANSFELD:1236 PLANTS:APGRD http://eol.org/pages/1245043 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3729 celery stalk celery Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) DC. Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers. Apium graveolens var. dulce (P. Mill.) DC. apium graveolens var. dulce Apium graveolens Dulce Group *Aloe ferox*, also known as Cape Aloe, Bitter Aloe, Red Aloe and Tap Aloe, is a species of aloe indigenous to South Africa's Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Lesotho. cape aloe plant WIKIPEDIA:Cape_Aloe http://langual.org GRIN:2541 ITIS:505880 PLANTS:ALFE2 http://eol.org/pages/1085297 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4169 Aloe ferox Mill. Aloe ferox Miller aloe ferox Aloe ferox Dipturus Leucoraja rays Batoidea *Vanilla pompona* is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Mexico and northern South America, and is one of the sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_pompona] west indian vanilla plant http://langual.org GRIN:41112 ITIS:505646 PLANTS:VAPO2 http://eol.org/pages/1127944 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5043 Vanilla pompona Schiede vanilla pompona Vanilla pompona Palaemon Squalomorphii pike-conger http://langual.org ITIS:636199 http://eol.org/pages/204362 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2534 common pike conger Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822) muraenesox bagio Muraenesox bagio Galeoidea sharks Selachii *Cinnamomum cassia*, called Chinese cassia or Chinese cinnamon, is an evergreen tree originating in southern China, and widely cultivated there and elsewhere in southern and eastern Asia. It is one of several species of *Cinnamomum* used primarily for their aromatic bark, which is used as a spice. In the United States, Chinese cassia is the most common type of cinnamon used. The buds are also used as a spice, especially in India, and were once used by the ancient Romans. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia] chinese cinnamon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8666 GRIN:70182 ITIS:834866 MANSFELD:15074 PLANTS:CIAR8 http://eol.org/pages/483593 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1572 Chinese cinnamon cassia-bark chinese cinnamon Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don cassia, chinese cinnamomum aromaticum cinnamomum cassia Cinnamomum aromaticum Batavia cinnamon Cinnamomum burmannii The black-headed gull (*Chroicocephalus ridibundus*) is a small gull which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada. black-headed gull WIKIPEDIA:Black-headed_gull http://langual.org ITIS:824041 http://eol.org/pages/1049595 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4568 Lachmoewe black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766) chroicocephalus ridibundus common black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus sheepshead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:755 FAO ASFIS:SPH FDA RFE 2010:3 ITIS:169189 http://eol.org/pages/213714 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1422 sheepshead seabream Archosargus probatocephalus Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792) Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum, 1792) archosargus probatocephalus Archosargus probatocephalus Eugenia A plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to tropical South America’s east coast, ranging from Suriname, French Guiana to southern Brazil, as well as parts of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. The plant is relatively pest resistant, easy to grow and high in antioxidants. surinam cherry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9653 GRIN:16210 ITIS:27224 MANSFELD:12194 PLANTS:EUUN2 http://eol.org/pages/2508562 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1657 Brazil-cherry Surinam-cherry brazil cherry plant cayenne cherry plant eugenia michelii eugenia uniflora nagapiry pitanga pitanga plant ñangapirí Eugenia uniflora L. Eugenia uniflora Psidium guava Psidium guajava yellowbelly flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:172954 http://eol.org/pages/219431 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2675 yellowbelly flounder Rhombosolea leporina Rhombosolea leporina Günther, 1862 rhombosolea leporina Rhombosolea leporina sand flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1136 FAO ASFIS:RMP ITIS:172953 http://eol.org/pages/1012814 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2674 New Zealand flounder sand flounder Rhombosolea plebeia Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson, 1843) rhombosolea plebeia Rhombosolea plebeia pod razor http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1391 FAO ASFIS:EQE ITIS:81024 http://eol.org/pages/448704 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3638 Ensis ensis Ensis ensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ensis ensis Linnaeus, 1758 ensis ensis Ensis ensis A common vegetable in the cuisines of southern Italy (in particular Basilicata, Puglia, and Sicily), Galicia (northwestern Spain), Portugal, the Netherlands and China. The plant is a member of the tribe *Brassiceae* of the *Brassicaceae* (mustard family). ruvo kale plant WIKIPEDIA:Brassica_ruvo http://langual.org Rapini is classified scientifically as *Brassica rapa* subspecies *rapa*, in the same subspecies as the turnip, but has also been treated as *Brassica rapa ruvo*, *Brassica rapa rapifera*, *Brassica ruvo*, and *Brassica campestris ruvo*. DPNL 2003:8126 GRIN:100916 ITIS:506216 PLANTS:BRRU4 http://eol.org/pages/483604 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3720 brassica raab brassica rabe brassica ruvo broccoletti broccoletto broccoli di rape broccoli raab friarielli italian turnip broccoli nabana rapini rapini rappi ruvo kale saishin Brassica ruvo L. H. Bailey Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey Brassica ruvo L.H.Bailey rape Brassica rapa Broccoletto Group duckbill flathead http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:BMQ ITIS:170997 http://eol.org/pages/211203 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2531 duckbill flathead longnose duckbill Bembrops anatirostris Ginsburg, 1955 bembrops anatirostris Bembrops anatirostris goby flathead http://langual.org ITIS:170998 http://eol.org/pages/218751 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2532 goby duckbill goby flathead Bembrops gobioides (Goode, 1880) bembrops gobioides Bembrops gobioides mossy ark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RKM ITIS:79370 http://eol.org/pages/452058 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3549 mossy ark Arca imbricata Arca imbricata Bruguiere, 1789 arca imbricata Arca imbricata Pelophylax Rana Rana <subgenus> royal red shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1244 FAO ASFIS:RRS ITIS:95966 http://eol.org/pages/317682 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3632 Pleoticus robustus Pleoticus robustus (S. I. Smith, 1885) Pleoticus robustus (Smith, 1885) pleoticus robustus Pleoticus robustus common guitarfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:76 FAO ASFIS:RBX ITIS:160819 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4129 https://eol.org/pages/46560660 common guitarfish violinfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linnaeus, 1758) rhinobatos rhinobatos Rhinobatos rhinobatos japanese millet plant http://langual.org GRIN:317845 ITIS:506954 PLANTS:ECES http://eol.org/pages/1115636 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4320 Japanese barnyard millet Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz barnyard millet echinochloa esculenta LanguaL curation note: *JAPANESE MILLET* may refer to Echinochloa esculenta or Echinochloa frumentacea according to ITIS. Echinochloa esculenta *Prunus americana*, commonly called the American plum, wild plum, or Marshall's large yellow sweet plum, is a species of *Prunus* native to North America from Saskatchewan to New Mexico east to New Hampshire and Florida. american plum plant WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_americana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12260 GRIN:29831 ITIS:24763 PLANTS:PRAM http://eol.org/pages/301085 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2670 American red plum goose plum Prunus americana Marsh. Prunus americana Marshall august plum goose plum hog plum (prunus) prunus americana wild plum yellow plum Prunus americana *Prunus angustifolia*, known commonly as Chickasaw plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a North American species of plum-bearing tree. It was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. While *Prunus* is the classical name for European plums, *angustifolia* refers to its narrow leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_angustifolia] chickasaw plum plant http://langual.org ITIS:24768 PLANTS:PRAN3 PLANTS:PRANA PLANTS:PRANW http://eol.org/pages/231184 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2743 Chickasaw plum Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. angustifolia Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. watsonii (Sarg.) Waugh prunus angustifolia Prunus angustifolia brazil cherry plant http://langual.org GRIN:16148 ITIS:506183 PLANTS:EUBR7 http://eol.org/pages/2508574 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4237 Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. eugenia brasiliensis Eugenia brasiliensis Eurypterygia Acanthomorphata Euacanthomorphacea bigtooth rock crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KKM ITIS:98684 http://eol.org/pages/313334 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3562 Cancer amphioetus M. J. Rathbun, 1898 Cancer amphioetus Rathbun 1898 cancer amphioetus japanese rock crab Glebocarcinus amphioetus Chinese star-anise Illicium verum A species of squat lobster from the eastern Pacific Ocean. pelagic red crab https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuroncodes_planipes http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LQL ITIS:98056 http://eol.org/pages/1021195 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3615 langostilla red crab tuna crab Pleuroncodes planipes Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson, 1860 pelagic crab pleuroncodes planipes Pleuroncodes planipes neem plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7887 GRIN:6161 ITIS:29012 PLANTS:AZIN2 http://eol.org/pages/581909 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2444 Indian-lilac margosa neem neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica northern sand lance http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:922 ITIS:171674 http://eol.org/pages/206900 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4006 northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1837 Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1838 ammodytes dubius Ammodytes dubius northern kingfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:726 FAO ASFIS:KGF ITIS:169276 http://eol.org/pages/994840 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3903 northern kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) menticirrhus saxatilis Menticirrhus saxatilis muskellunge http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:162144 http://eol.org/pages/223145 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1165 muskellunge Esox masquinongy Esox masquinongy Mitchill, 1824 esox masquinongy Esox masquinongy cape gooseberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11898 GRIN:102390 ITIS:30606 MANSFELD:5607 PLANTS:PHPE4 http://eol.org/pages/581074 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1684 Cape-gooseberry goldenberry gooseberry-tomato Physalis peruviana L. groundcherry, peruvian physalis peruviana poha Physalis peruviana speckled flounder http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:YSW ITIS:616427 http://eol.org/pages/223364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2385 dappled flounder speckled flounder Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897 Paralichthys woolmani Jordan and Williams in Gilbert, 1897 paralichthys woolmani Paralichthys woolmani cunene horse mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:667 FAO ASFIS:HMZ ITIS:168595 http://eol.org/pages/224922 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3955 Cunene horse mackerel Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1949 Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950 trachurus trecae Trachurus trecae A tropical tree species of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) that produces edible fruit. longan tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9307 GRIN:14131 ITIS:506072 PLANTS:DILO7 http://eol.org/pages/590822 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1628 dimocarpus longan dragon eyes euphorbia longan longan longan lungan nephelium longanum Dimocarpus longan Lour. Dimocarpus longan *Cinnamomum verum*, called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family *Lauraceae*, native to Sri Lanka. Among other species, its inner bark is used to make cinnamon. The old botanical synonym for the tree-*Cinnamomum zeylanicum*-is derived from Sri Lanka's former name, Ceylon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_verum] true cinnamon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8668 GRIN:70183 ITIS:501529 MANSFELD:15093 PLANTS:CIVE2 http://eol.org/pages/490672 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4977 Ceylon cinnamon ceylon cinnamon cinnamomum verum cinnamomum zeylanicum cinnamon Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Cinnamomum verum naked sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GHM ITIS:172991 http://eol.org/pages/207495 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2288 North American naked sole naked sole zebra sole Gymnachirus melas Gymnachirus melas Nichols, 1916 gymnachirus melas Gymnachirus melas golden goatfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:807 ITIS:169417 http://eol.org/pages/207914 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3917 red goatfish Mullus auratus Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882 mullus auratus Mullus auratus garfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:409 FAO ASFIS:GAR ITIS:165594 ITIS:645292 ITIS:645293 ITIS:645294 http://eol.org/pages/212567 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3351 garpike Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) Belone belone acus Risso, 1827 Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 belone belone belone belone belone garpike Belone belone pacific saury http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:414 FAO ASFIS:SAP ITIS:165609 http://eol.org/pages/215392 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1890 Pacific saury Cololabis saira Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856) cololabis saira mackerel pike saury, pacific skipper (pacific saury) Cololabis saira atlantic saury http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:416 FAO ASFIS:SAU ITIS:165612 ITIS:645285 http://eol.org/pages/993264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1889 Atlantic saury Scomberesox saurus Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum, 1792) Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum, 1792) Scomberesox saurus scombroides Richardson, 1843 saury, atlantic scomberesox saurus skipper (atlantic saury) Scomberesox saurus california needlefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SXY ITIS:165555 http://eol.org/pages/211686 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1417 Californian needlefish Strongylura exilis Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854) Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854) needlefish, california strongylura exilis Strongylura exilis needlefish http://langual.org CEC 1993:411 FAO ASFIS:NFA ITIS:165551 http://eol.org/pages/204101 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1411 Atlantic needlefish Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792) atlantic needlefish strongylura marina Strongylura marina Cenchrinae alligators and others Crocodylia *Asimina triloba*, the papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, paw-paw, or common pawpaw, is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and Canada, producing a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit. It belongs to the genus *Asimina* in the same plant family (the *Annonaceae*) as the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang and soursop. Pawpaw fruits have a sweet, custardish flavor somewhat similar to banana, mango, and cantaloupe, and are commonly eaten raw, but are also used to make ice cream and baked desserts. The fruit of the pawpaw is a large, yellowish-green to brown berry, 2-6 in (5-16 cm) long and 1-3 in (3-7 cm) broad, weighing from 0.7-18 oz (20-500 g), containing several brown/black seeds 1/2 to 1 in (15-25 mm) in diameter embedded in the soft, edible fruit pulp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimina_triloba] pawpaw plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7770 GRIN:4485 ITIS:18117 PLANTS:ASTR http://eol.org/pages/1054816 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1202 pawpaw Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal asimina triloba dog banana indian banana Asimina triloba japanese littleneck clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:81477 http://eol.org/pages/395921 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2354 Japanese littleneck Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum Venerupis philippinarum (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850) asari manila clam tapes japonica tapes philippinarum venerupis philippinarum Ruditapes philippinarum western pacific gizzard shad http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:NCO ITIS:161803 http://eol.org/pages/213499 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3861 Western Pacific gizzard shad Nematalosa come (Richardson, 1846) nematalosa come Nematalosa come Cynoscion spotted seatrout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:716 FAO ASFIS:SWF ITIS:169239 http://eol.org/pages/357152 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1615 speckled trout spotted seatrout spotted weakfish Cynoscion nebulosus Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier 1830) Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830) Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1838) cynoscion nebulosus Cynoscion nebulosus *Allium chinense* (also known as Chinese onion, Chinese scallion, glittering chive, Japanese scallion, Kiangsi scallion, and Oriental onion) is an edible species of *Allium*, native to China and Korea, and cultivated in many other countries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_chinense] chinese onion plant http://langual.org GRIN:101417 ITIS:506482 PLANTS:ALCH5 http://eol.org/pages/1084367 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3417 Allium chinense Don. Allium chinense G. Don allium bakeri allium chinense chinese scallion rakkyo Allium chinense Atripliceae Chenopodioideae Salsoleae silver carp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:329 FAO ASFIS:SVC ITIS:163691 http://eol.org/pages/220327 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2254 silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) amur carp carp, silver hypophthalmichthys molitrix Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Lepomis bluegill http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LMM ITIS:168141 http://eol.org/pages/207661 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2079 bluegill bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819 lepomis macrochirus Lepomis macrochirus Piper sand goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1048 ITIS:171978 http://eol.org/pages/994642 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3931 sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) pomatoschistus minutus Pomatoschistus minutus Archelosauria chokecherry Prunus virginiana wahoo http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:950 FAO ASFIS:WAH ITIS:172451 http://eol.org/pages/211408 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1630 wahoo Acanthocybium solandri Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832) Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) acanthocybium solandri Acanthocybium solandri Annona Soursop is the fruit of Annona muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree. Damion Dooley soursop plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soursop http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Annona_muricata_1.jpg/360px-Annona_muricata_1.jpg DPNL 2003:7538 GRIN:3492 ITIS:18098 MANSFELD:28746 PLANTS:ANMU2 http://eol.org/pages/1054863 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1480 guanabana prickly custard apple soursop Annona muricata L. annona annona muricata prickly custard apple Annona muricata Auxis frigate tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:953 FAO ASFIS:FRI ITIS:172456 ITIS:613019 ITIS:613020 http://eol.org/pages/215170 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1787 frigate tuna Auxis thazard Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800) Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette and Aadland, 1996 Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800) auxis thazard tuna, frigate Auxis thazard Borage, (*Borago officinalis*), also known as a starflower, is an annual herb originating in Syria,[1] but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as Asia Minor, Europe, North Africa, and South America. Traditionally borage was cultivated for culinary and medicinal uses, although today commercial cultivation is mainly as an oilseed. Borage is used as either a fresh vegetable or a dried herb. borage plant WIKIPEDIA:Borago_officinalis http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8062 GRIN:7422 ITIS:31727 MANSFELD:25390 PLANTS:BOOF http://eol.org/pages/580765 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1735 Borago officinalis L. borago officinalis Borago officinalis atlantic seabob http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1218 FAO ASFIS:BOB ITIS:95750 http://eol.org/pages/317672 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2320 sea bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (C. Heller, 1862) Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) seabob xiphopenaeus kroyeri Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Penaeus great white shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:18 FAO ASFIS:WSH ITIS:159903 http://eol.org/pages/213726 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3525 great white shark white shark Carcharodon carcharias Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) carcharodon carcharias maneater Carcharodon carcharias Cichorium http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8653 GRIN:10543 ITIS:36763 MANSFELD:31958 PLANTS:CIIN http://eol.org/pages/467862 chicory radicchio succory witloof Cichorium intybus L. cichorium intybus cichorium intybus ssp. intybus Cichorium intybus Cinnamomum rock shell snail http://langual.org ITIS:568327 http://eol.org/pages/491110 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2322 Florida rocksnail oyster drill Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758) florida rocksnail stramonita haemastoma thaididae Stramonita haemastoma *Corylus cornuta* Marsh. is a deciduous shrubby hazel found in most of North America, from southern Canada south to Georgia and California. *Corylus cornuta* is named from its fruit, which is a nut enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension 2-4 cm (0.79-1.6 in) long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts, which are surrounded by a hard shell, are edible. There are two varieties: *Corylus cornuta* var. *cornuta* - Eastern Beaked Hazel; small shrub, 4 to 6 m tall; 'beak' longer, 3 cm or more. *Corylus cornuta* var. *californica* - Western Beaked Hazel or California Hazelnut; large shrub, 4 to 15 m tall; 'beak' shorter, usually less than 3 cm. beaked hazel plant WIKIPEDIA:Corylus_cornuta http://langual.org ITIS:19507 PLANTS:COCO6 PLANTS:COCOC PLANTS:COCOC2 http://eol.org/pages/1147594 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4506 beaked hazelnut corylus cornuta western hazel Corylus cornuta Marsh. Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. cornuta Corylus cornuta Alepocephalus baird's smmoth-head http://langual.org CEC 1993:221 FAO ASFIS:ALC ITIS:162315 http://eol.org/pages/224139 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3898 Baird's smooth-head Alepocephalus bairdii Goode & Bean, 1879 Alepocephalus bairdii Goode and Bean, 1879 alepocephalus bairdii Alepocephalus bairdii Diospyros Damion Dooley american persimmon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9321 GRIN:14329 ITIS:23855 PLANTS:DIVI5 http://eol.org/pages/595775 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3329 American persimmon common persimmon diospyros virginiana eastern persimmon possum apple Diospyros virginiana L. Diospyros virginiana pacific geoduck http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GEC ITIS:81779 http://eol.org/pages/440073 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2538 Pacific geoduck Panopea abrupta Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849) clam, pacific geoduck panopea abrupta Panopea abrupta Congrinae gooseberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12580 GRIN:31874 ITIS:504800 MANSFELD:17095 PLANTS:RIUV80 PLANTS:RIUVS http://eol.org/pages/489744 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1394 English gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa L. Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC. ribes uva-crispa Ribes uva-crispa sailfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1006 FAO ASFIS:SFA ITIS:172488 http://eol.org/pages/228441 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1521 Indo-Pacific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792) Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder, 1792) Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792) istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus platypterus murray cod WIKIPEDIA:Murray_cod) http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MCP ITIS:641894 http://eol.org/pages/357118 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3369 Murray cod Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell 1839) Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell, 1838) goodoo greenfish maccullochella peeli Maccullochella peelii golden perch http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MCA ITIS:641895 http://eol.org/pages/211386 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3501 golden perch Macquaria ambigua (Richardson, 1845) macquaria ambigua Macquaria ambigua The King George whiting, *Sillaginodes punctatus* (also known as the spotted whiting or spotted sillago), is a coastal marine fish of the smelt-whitings family *Sillaginidae*. The King George whiting is endemic to Australia, inhabiting the south coast of the country from Jurien Bay, Western Australia to Botany Bay, New South Wales in the east. The King George whiting is the only member of the genus *Sillaginodes* and the largest member of the smelt-whiting family *Sillaginidae*, growing to a length of 72 cm and 4.8 kg in weight. The species is readily distinguishable from other Australian whitings by its unique pattern of spots, as well as its highly elongate shape. King George whiting are often found in bays and protected waterways over sand and seagrass beds, also venturing out onto deep continental shelf reefs during adulthood. The species is a benthic carnivore, consuming a variety of crustaceans, polychaete worms, molluscs and fish. The King George whiting forms the basis of one of southern Australia's most important commercial fisheries, reportedly worth over five million Australian dollars per year. The species is also heavily targeted by recreational anglers, who value the whiting for its sporting and eating qualities. king george whiting WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginodes_punctatus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:330001 FAO ASFIS:SIV ITIS:551124 http://eol.org/pages/214420 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4312 Australian whiting King George whiting South Australian whiting spotted sillago spotted whiting Sillaginodes punctata (Cuvier, 1829) Sillaginodes punctata Cuvier, 1829 Sillaginodes punctatus Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) australian whiting sillaginodes punctatus south australian whiting spotted sillago spotted whiting Sillaginodes punctatus escolar http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LEC FDA RFE 2010:27 ITIS:172362 http://eol.org/pages/212279 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1821 escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) lepidocybium flavobrunneum Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Scomber The chub mackerel, Pacific mackerel, or Pacific chub mackerel (*Scomber japonicus*) is a species of fish in the family *Scombridae*, the tuna and mackerel family. This species of mackerel closely resembles the Atlantic chub mackerel. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chub_mackerel] chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:972 FAO ASFIS:MAS FDA RFE 2010:61 ITIS:172412 http://eol.org/pages/206784 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1570 Spanish mackerel chub mackerel chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 pacific mackerel scomber japonicus Scomber japonicus atlantic mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:973 FAO ASFIS:MAC ITIS:172414 http://eol.org/pages/206785 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1790 Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 mackerel, atlantic scomber scombrus Scomber scombrus Scomberomorus king mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:976 FAO ASFIS:KGM ITIS:172435 http://eol.org/pages/205100 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1516 king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829) scomberomorus cavalla Scomberomorus cavalla tibetian rhubarb plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12482 GRIN:31117 ITIS:506563 PLANTS:RHOF http://eol.org/pages/489444 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4230 yao yong da huang Rheum officinale Baill. Rheum officinale Baillon rheum officinale Rheum officinale chinese rhubarb plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12483 GRIN:31118 ITIS:506564 PLANTS:RHPA7 http://eol.org/pages/489443 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4229 Rheum palmatum L. rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum atlantic cutlassfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:949 FAO ASFIS:LHT FDA RFE 2010:91 ITIS:172385 http://eol.org/pages/219637 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2861 Atlantic cutlassfish largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 trichiurus lepturus Trichiurus lepturus Vaccinium Damion Dooley american cranberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13738 GRIN:41030 ITIS:23599 MANSFELD:18280 PLANTS:VAMA http://eol.org/pages/583674 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1508 American cranberry american cranberry large cranberry large cranberry oxycoccus macrocarpos vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Vaccinium macrocarpon The coconut palm, *Cocos nucifera*, is a member of the family *Arecaceae* (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus *Cocos*. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut, but a drupe. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word. coconut palm plant WIKIPEDIA:Cocos_nucifera http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8763 GRIN:11043 ITIS:42451 MANSFELD:10983 PLANTS:CONU http://eol.org/pages/1091712 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1536 coconut palm Cocos nucifera L. coconut cocos nucifera LanguaL curation note: When indexing the coconut palm fruit (drupe, seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Cocos nucifera fleshy prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1203 FAO ASFIS:FLP ITIS:551578 http://eol.org/pages/344332 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3627 fleshy prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) fenneropenaeus chinensis penaeus chinensis Penaeus chinensis morello cherry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12268 GRIN:29866 ITIS:24773 MANSFELD:9212 PLANTS:PRCE http://eol.org/pages/242597 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2506 pie cherry sour cherry Cerasus vulgaris Austera Group Prunus cerasus L. sour cherry Prunus cerasus lowfin pomfret http://langual.org ITIS:170292 http://eol.org/pages/356302 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3998 lesser bream Brama dussumieri Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831 brama dussumieri Brama dussumieri caranda plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:9159 ITIS:30164 PLANTS:CACA74 http://eol.org/pages/581122 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3388 Carissa carandas L. carissa carandas karanda Carissa carandas southern flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:YSH ITIS:172738 http://eol.org/pages/206758 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1881 southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884 Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan and Gilbert, 1884 flounder, southern paralichthys lethostigma Paralichthys lethostigma Bombay ducks Harpadontinae Saurida brushtooth lizardfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:385 FAO ASFIS:LIB ITIS:162417 http://eol.org/pages/993261 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3827 brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848) large-scale lizardfish saurida undosquamis Saurida undosquamis Monacanthidae Boreoeutheria Acrogymnospermae Mesangiospermae Petrosaviidae Pentapetalae spiny eel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NNN ITIS:161690 http://eol.org/pages/207980 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2527 largescale tapirfish spiny eel Notacanthus chemnitzii Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch, 1788 notacanthus chemnitzi Notacanthus chemnitzii rough redeye crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EHH ITIS:660607 http://eol.org/pages/341460 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2217 Eriphia smithii MacLaey, 1838 Eriphia smithii MacLeay, 1838 eriphia smithii orange-hand stone crab Eriphia smithii Helix aperta, commonly known as the green garden snail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. green garden snail https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_aperta http://langual.org ITIS:77905 http://eol.org/pages/449904 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3661 green garden snail Helix aperta Born, 1778 helix aperta Cantareus apertus *Attalea speciosa* (babassu, babassu palm, babaçu, cusi) is a palm native to the Amazon Rainforest region in South America. This plant has commercial value because its seeds produce an edible oil called babassu oil, which is also used in cleaners and skin care products. The fruit is used to produce products such as medicines, beauty aids, and beverages. Traditional communities of the Maranhão region also produce a flour from the fruit and this is commercialized as a nutritional supplement. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attalea_speciosa] babassu palm plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7866 GRIN:6067 ITIS:509373 PLANTS:ORBA5 http://eol.org/pages/1131651 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1707 motacu motacuchi Attalea speciosa Mart. Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. Orbignya barbosiana Burret babacu orbignya barbosiana orbignya speciosa Attalea speciosa freckled pike-conger http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:636218 http://eol.org/pages/221427 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2536 freckled pike-conger Hoplunnis macrura Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951 hoplunnis macrura Hoplunnis macrura Selar mackerel scad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:633 FAO ASFIS:MSD ITIS:168724 http://eol.org/pages/203982 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3962 mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833) Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) decapterus macarellus Decapterus macarellus indian scad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:636 FAO ASFIS:RUS ITIS:168730 http://eol.org/pages/211717 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3964 Indian scad Decapterus russelli Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830) decapterus russelli Decapterus russelli bigeye scad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BIS ITIS:168677 http://eol.org/pages/215191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2660 big-eyed scad bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) akule selar crumenophthalmus Selar crumenophthalmus raitt's sandeel http://langual.org CEC 1993:924 ITIS:171677 http://eol.org/pages/224136 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4008 lesser sand-eel Ammodytes marinus Raitt, 1934 ammodytes marinus Ammodytes marinus chinese persimmon plant http://langual.org GRIN:407718 ITIS:502078 PLANTS:DISI3 http://eol.org/pages/489615 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4358 Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Standl. Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urban) Standl. diospyros sintenisii Diospyros sintenisii dana swimming crab http://langual.org CEC 1993:1280 FAO ASFIS:CRZ ITIS:98698 http://eol.org/pages/313352 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3571 Dana swimming crab blue swimming crab Callinectes danae (Smith, 1869) Callinectes danae S. I. Smith, 1869 Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 callinectes danae dana swimcrab Callinectes danae Bambusoideae Pooideae Panicoideae PACMAD clade Chloridoideae Oryzeae Triticeae Paniceae Andropogoneae smallmouth bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:594 FAO ASFIS:MPJ ITIS:550562 http://eol.org/pages/207898 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2427 smallmouth bass smallmouth blackbass Micropterus dolomieu Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 Micropterus dolomieui Lacepède, 1802 Micropterus dolomieui Lacépède, 1801 micropterus dolomieui Micropterus dolomieu Trichodontidae sailfin sandfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:854 FAO ASFIS:JAS ITIS:170916 http://eol.org/pages/213715 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2568 sailfin sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner, 1881) arctoscopus japonicus Arctoscopus japonicus Osteoglossocephalai Euteleosteomorpha Clupeoidei Siluroidei Aulopoidei Zeiogadaria Gadoidei Berycimorphaceae Percomorphaceae tunas and others Scombriformes gouramies and others Anabantiformes Carangaria Carangaria incertae sedis billfishes and barracudas Istiophoriformes jacks and others Carangiformes Ovalentaria Atherinomorphae Eupercaria Eupercaria incertae sedis stargazers and others Uranoscopiformes wrasses Labriformes Terapontoidei Pempheriformes sunfishes and others Centrarchiformes Cottales australian spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1257 FAO ASFIS:LOA ITIS:552970 http://eol.org/pages/128255 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3614 western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus Panulirus cygnus George, 1962 panulirus cygnus Panulirus cygnus scalloped spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1258 FAO ASFIS:LOK ITIS:552973 http://eol.org/pages/343655 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2204 Indian spiny lobster Panulirus homarus Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) panulirus burgeri panulirus homarus trasnkei spiny lobster Panulirus homarus ornate spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NUR ITIS:552977 http://eol.org/pages/1022067 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2165 Panulirus ornatus Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) panulirus ornatus Panulirus ornatus pronghorn spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NUP ITIS:199949 http://eol.org/pages/1020641 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2202 Panulirus penicillatus Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791) panulirus penicillatus red lobster variegated crayfish Panulirus penicillatus royal spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1260 FAO ASFIS:LOY ITIS:552980 http://eol.org/pages/311324 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2208 Panulirus regius Panulirus regius De Brito Capello, 1864 Panulirus regius de Brito Capello, 1864 panulirus regius panulirus rissonii Panulirus regius painted spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NUV ITIS:552982 http://eol.org/pages/344165 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1948 South China Sea lobster painted rock lobster painted spiny lobster spiny blue lobster Panulirus versicolor Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804) painted crayfish panulirus versicolor Panulirus versicolor pygmy krill http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KRF ITIS:95517 http://eol.org/pages/509407 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3579 Euphausia frigida Hansen, 1911 euphausia frigida Euphausia frigida Epinephelini Xanthosoma lychee plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10889 GRIN:22399 ITIS:503504 MANSFELD:6914 PLANTS:LICH4 http://eol.org/pages/487032 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1212 litchee litchi litchi chinensis litchi nut litchi plant lychee nephelium litchi Litchi chinensis Sonn. Litchi chinensis A medium-sized, edible-fruit bearing tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. Damion Dooley rambutan tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11357 GRIN:25188 ITIS:506073 MANSFELD:6931 PLANTS:NELA7 http://eol.org/pages/595297 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1629 alectryon subcinereus euphorbia nephelium hairy lychee tree nephelium lappaceum rambutan rhambustan tree Nephelium lappaceum L. Nephelium lappaceum *Kali turgida* (Synonym *Salsola kali* subsp. *kali*), commonly known as prickly saltwort, or prickly glasswort, is an annual plant that grows in salty sandy coastal soils. Its distributional range is in Europe along the shores of Baltic Sea, North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In the Mediterranean and at dry inland places it is replaced by Kali tragus, which is less tolerant to salty soils, and has spread from Eurasia to other continents. Kali turgida does not seem to occur as an introduced species in America. prickly saltwort plant WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_kali http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12759 GRIN:310094 ITIS:20655 PLANTS:SAKA PLANTS:SAKAK PLANTS:SAKAP http://eol.org/pages/585945 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4331 common saltwort prickly saltwort Salsola kali L. Salsola kali L. ssp. kali Salsola kali L. ssp. pontica (Pall.) Mosyakin common saltwort prickly russian thistle russian thistle tumbleweed Kali turgidum red grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:572 FAO ASFIS:GPR ITIS:167702 http://eol.org/pages/212571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1757 red grouper Epinephelus morio Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828) epinephelus morio Epinephelus morio megrim http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1156 FAO ASFIS:MEG ITIS:172835 http://eol.org/pages/216881 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2710 megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792) lepidorhombus whiffiagonis whiff Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis Cirrhitioidei greenland cockle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:80879 http://eol.org/pages/449116 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3651 Serripes groenlandicus Serripes groenlandicus (Mohr, 1786) greenland smoothcockle serripes groenlandicus Serripes groenlandicus Genypterus golden kingklip http://langual.org CEC 1993:916 FAO ASFIS:CUS ITIS:165000 http://eol.org/pages/218108 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1858 pink cusk-eel Genypterus blacodes (Forster 1801) Genypterus blacodes (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Genypterus blacodes (Schneider, 1801) genypterus blacodes kingklip, golden Genypterus blacodes Galloanserae vimba bream http://langual.org CEC 1993:359 FAO ASFIS:VIV ITIS:639696 http://eol.org/pages/994546 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3871 vimba bream Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) vimba vimba Vimba vimba Rooibos, "red bush"; scientific name *Aspalathus linearis* is a broom-like member of the legume family of plants growing in South Africa's fynbos. The generic name comes from the plant Calicotome villosa, aspalathos in Greek. This plant has very similar growth and flowers to the redbush. The specific name linearis comes from the plant's linear growing structure and needle-like leaves. The plant is used to make a herbal tea called rooibos tea, bush tea (esp. Southern Africa), redbush tea (esp. UK), South African red tea, or red tea. The product has been popular in Southern Africa for generations and is now consumed in many countries. It is sometimes spelled rooibosch in accordance with the old Dutch etymology. rooibos plant WIKIPEDIA:Aspalathus_linearis http://langual.org GRIN:310979 ITIS:506239 PLANTS:ASLI14 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2057 rooibos Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren Aspalathus linearis (Burman f.) R. Dahlgren aspalathus linearis Aspalathus linearis Eriphia smooth redeye crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EQS ITIS:660606 http://eol.org/pages/312908 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2216 Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803) Eriphia sebana (Shaw and Nodder, 1803) eriphia sebana smooth redeyed crab Eriphia sebana The mung bean (*Vigna radiata*), alternatively known as the moong bean, green gram, or mung, mudga, is a plant species in the legume family. The mung bean is mainly cultivated in Pakistan, India, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. It is used as an ingredient in both savory and sweet dishes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mung_bean] mung bean plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13837 GRIN:312026 ITIS:506804 MANSFELD:27370 http://eol.org/pages/655074 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1395 mung bean Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek Vigna radiata var. radiata Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek golden gram bean green gram bean phaseolus aureus vigna radiata Vigna radiata indian jujube plant http://langual.org GRIN:42285 ITIS:28595 PLANTS:ZIMA http://eol.org/pages/582336 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2794 Chinese-date Indian-plum ber beri cottony jujube Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. ber cottony jujuba indian cherry indian plum (ziziphus) ziziphus abyssinicus ziziphus mauritiana ziziphus orthacantha Ziziphus mauritiana devilfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:112 FAO ASFIS:RMM ITIS:160999 http://eol.org/pages/213344 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2297 devil fish Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) mobula mobular Mobula mobular Americhelydia Limonia acidissima is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. Common names for the species in English include wood-apple and elephant-apple.Limonia acidissima is a large tree growing to 9 metres (30 ft) tall, with rough, spiny bark. Damion Dooley wood apple plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonia_acidissima http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10861 GRIN:22253 ITIS:506392 PLANTS:LIAC5 http://eol.org/pages/483559 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2845 Indian wood-apple elephant-apple Limonia acidissima L. elephant apple feronia limonia indian wood apple limonia acidissima Limonia acidissima purple passionflower plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11661 GRIN:26977 ITIS:504139 PLANTS:PAIN6 http://eol.org/pages/486617 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4198 Passiflora incarnata L. passiflora incarnata Passiflora incarnata wild rice Zizania coney http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CFJ FDA RFE 2010:10 ITIS:167740 http://eol.org/pages/206389 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2588 coney Cephalopholis fulva Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758) cephalopholis fulva Cephalopholis fulva gulf coney http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EFC ITIS:167749 http://eol.org/pages/205496 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2589 rooster hind Epinephelus acanthistius Epinephelus acanthistius (Gilbert, 1892) coney, gulf epinephelus acanthistius rooster hind Hyporthodus acanthistius spotted grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:567 FAO ASFIS:GPS ITIS:167697 http://eol.org/pages/206651 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4018 spotted grouper Epinephelus analogus Epinephelus analogus (Gill, 1863) Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863 epinephelus analogus Epinephelus analogus persian grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EPR ITIS:167737 http://eol.org/pages/204319 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1758 areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) epinephelus areolatus Epinephelus areolatus golden grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:566 FAO ASFIS:EEA ITIS:167709 http://eol.org/pages/597168 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4017 blacktip grouper Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus fasciatus Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775) Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) epinephelus alexandrinus epinephelus fasciatus Epinephelus fasciatus jewfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:570 FAO ASFIS:EET ITIS:167695 http://eol.org/pages/212570 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1756 itajara jewfish Epinephelus itajara Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) epinephelus itajara Epinephelus itajara nassau grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:574 FAO ASFIS:GPN ITIS:167706 http://eol.org/pages/1015634 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4022 Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792) epinephelus striatus Epinephelus striatus scamp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MKH ITIS:167763 http://eol.org/pages/207922 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2887 scamp Mycteroperca phenax Mycteroperca phenax Jordan & Swain, 1884 Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and Swain, 1884 mycteroperca phenax Mycteroperca phenax yellowfin grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MKV ITIS:167764 http://eol.org/pages/207352 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2390 yellowfin grouper Mycteroperca venenosa Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758) mycteroperca venenosa Mycteroperca venenosa silver bream http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:AKU ITIS:647905 http://eol.org/pages/206982 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3371 surf bream Acanthopagrus australis (Günther, 1859) acanthopagrus australis surf bream Acanthopagrus australis Chrysophylloideae brown tiger prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1205 FAO ASFIS:PRB ITIS:95625 http://eol.org/pages/344525 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3628 Penaeus esculentus Penaeus esculentus Haswell 1879 Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879 brown tiger shrimp penaeus esculentus Penaeus esculentus redtail prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1212 FAO ASFIS:REP ITIS:551581 http://eol.org/pages/993016 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2613 Fenneropenaeus penicillatus Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (Alcock, 1905) Penaeus penicillatus Alcock, 1905 fenneropenaeus penicillatus penaeus penicillatus Penaeus penicillatus western king prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1208 FAO ASFIS:WKP ITIS:551687 http://eol.org/pages/1021965 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3495 Melicertus latisulcatus Melicertus latisulcatus (Kishinouye, 1896) Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896 melicertus latisulcatus melicertus latisulcatus latisulcatus penaeus latisulcatus Penaeus latisulcatus eastern king prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PNP ITIS:551593 http://eol.org/pages/325036 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3491 Melicertus plebejus Melicertus plebejus (Hess, 1865) Penaeus plebejus Hess 1865 melicertus plebejus ocean king prawn penaeus plebejus Penaeus plebejus A cultivated plant of Beta vulgaris, a plant whose tuber contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other B. vulgaris cultivars such as beetroot and chard share a common wild ancestor, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris maritima). http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8006 GRIN:103151 GRIN:7057 ITIS:20681 MANSFELD:362 http://eol.org/pages/585884 beet beta vulgaris beta vulgaris var. altissima Beta vulgaris malabar grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:571 FAO ASFIS:MAR ITIS:551076 http://eol.org/pages/2793766 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4021 Malabar grouper Epinephelus malabaricus Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) epinephelus malabaricus Epinephelus malabaricus velvet tamarind plant http://langual.org GRIN:13792 ITIS:506249 PLANTS:DIGU2 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2773 Dialium guineense Willd. dialium guineense sierra leone tree velvet berry Dialium guineense Molva ling http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:456 FAO ASFIS:LIN ITIS:164760 http://eol.org/pages/211405 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2144 common ling ling Molva molva Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758) molva molva Molva molva tadpole fish http://langual.org CEC 1993:462 FAO ASFIS:RCR ITIS:164777 http://eol.org/pages/223615 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2707 tadpole fish Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758) forkbeard raniceps raninus Raniceps raninus Centrolophidae Arripis australian ruff http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RUF ITIS:168826 http://eol.org/pages/203864 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1941 Australian herring Australian ruff bull herring ruff sea herring tommy rough tommy ruff western herring Arripis georgianus Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes 1831) Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831) arripis georgianus Arripis georgianus Phaseoleae Trifolieae Fabeae Hordeinae Shortfin scad (Layang scad) is a one of the most common fishes in Vietnam seas, and belongs to the species Decapterus macrosoma. shortfin scad http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:DCC ITIS:168735 http://eol.org/pages/993841 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3961 layang scad shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851 decapterus macrosoma Decapterus macrosoma atlantic mudskipper http://langual.org ITIS:172058 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3928 Atlantic mudskipper Periophthalmus barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766) atlantic mudskipper periophthalmus barbarus Periophthalmus barbarus walnut family Juglandaceae walnuts Juglans black walnut tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10557 GRIN:20762 ITIS:19254 PLANTS:JUNI http://eol.org/pages/594611 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1071 black walnut Juglans nigra L. juglans nigra LanguaL curation note: When indexing the black walnut (drupe, seed) index both *BLACK WALNUT [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Juglans nigra brazilian pepper tree http://langual.org BASIS:256 GRIN:70672 ITIS:28812 http://eol.org/pages/582274 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2347 Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi christmas berry tree schinus terebinthifolia schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolia african mudfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:GPH ITIS:162844 http://eol.org/pages/211788 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2317 hingemouth Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger 1901 Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger, 1901 phractolaemus ansorgii Phractolaemus ansorgii Coryphoideae Cocoseae Attaleinae Borasseae Myrtoideae Myrteae darkie charlie http://langual.org CEC 1993:59 FAO ASFIS:SCK ITIS:160651 http://eol.org/pages/210896 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4116 kitefin shark Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) dalatias licha kitefin shark Dalatias licha pacific angel shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SUC ITIS:160785 http://eol.org/pages/206814 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3521 Pacific angelshark Squatina californica Squatina californica Ayres, 1859 california angel shark monkfish northern angelshark pacific angelshark squatina californica Squatina californica The kaffir lime (*Citrus × hystrix*, *Rutaceae*) is also known as combava, kieffer lime, limau purut, jeruk purut or makrut lime, Kabuyao (Cabuyao). It is a lime native to Indochinese and Malesian ecoregions in India, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, and adjacent countries. It is used in Southeast Asian cuisine. kaffir lime plant WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_hystrix http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8692 GRIN:10714 ITIS:825206 PLANTS:CIHY2 http://eol.org/pages/2906075 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4339 Makrut lime Mauritius papeda Thai lime Citrus hystrix DC. citrus hystrix mauritius papeda papeda Citrus hystrix Rangpur, Citrus × limonia, also known as lemandarin, is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon. It is a citrus fruit with a very acidic taste and an orange peel and flesh. mandarin lime plant WIKIPEDIA:Mandarin_Lime http://langual.org GRIN:10733 ITIS:501573 PLANTS:CILI3 http://eol.org/pages/488255 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4214 Canton lemon Rangpur lime hime lemon lemandarin li meng mandarin lime sharbati surkh nimboo yi mu zi Citrus X limonia Osbeck (pro sp.) Citrus limonia Osbeck Citrus ×limonia Osbeck (pro sp.) citrus × limonia lemandarin Citrus limonia The citron (*Citrus medica*) is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used widely in Asian cuisine, and also in traditional medicines, perfume, and for religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially prominent, notably lemons and many limes. citron plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8698 GRIN:10745 ITIS:28886 MANSFELD:7611 PLANTS:CIME3 http://eol.org/pages/582203 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1211 Buddha's hand citron Citrus medica L. Citrus medica L. var. medica citrus medica Citrus medica yellowleg shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1202 FAO ASFIS:YPS ITIS:551573 http://eol.org/pages/344236 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3624 Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900) Penaeus californiensis Holmes, 1900 farfantepenaeus californiensis penaeus californiensis Penaeus californiensis large-tooth flounders Paralichthyidae Amygdaloideae Rosoideae The cashew is a tree in the family *Anacardiaceae*. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples. The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as "marañón", it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5 to 11 cm long. It is edible, and has a strong "sweet" smell and a sweet taste. The pulp of the cashew apple is very juicy, but the skin is fragile, making it unsuitable for transport. In Latin America, a fruit drink is made from the cashew apple pulp which has a very refreshing taste and tropical flavor that can be described as having notes of mango, raw green pepper, and just a little hint of grapefruit-like citrus. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. The drupe develops first on the tree, and then the pedicel expands into the cashew apple. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the nut of the cashew is a seed. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid, a potent skin irritant chemically related to the more well known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy. Properly roasting cashews destroys the toxin, but it must be done outdoors as the smoke (not unlike that from burning poison ivy) contains urushiol droplets which can cause severe, sometimes life-threatening, reactions by irritating the lungs. cashew plant WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_occidentale http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7475 GRIN:3060 IT IS:28793 ITIS:28793 MANSFELD:28212 PLANTS:ANOC http://eol.org/pages/582263 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1221 cashew maranon Anacardium occidentale L. anacardium occidentale cashew apple LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PECAN [B1221]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Anacardium occidentale *Tilia cordata* is a species of *Tilia* native to much of Europe. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata] littleleaf linden plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13541 GRIN:36675 ITIS:505507 MANSFELD:4863 PLANTS:TICO2 http://eol.org/pages/486446 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2966 Small-leaf linden littleleaf linden small-leaved lime small-leaved linden tilia cordata Tilia cordata Mill. Tilia cordata Argyrosomus meagre http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:709 FAO ASFIS:MGR ITIS:169366 http://eol.org/pages/203937 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2863 meagre Argyrosomus regius Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) sciaena aquila Argyrosomus regius english sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FDA RFE 2010:50 ITIS:172921 http://eol.org/pages/210935 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1131 English sole Parophrys vetulus Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854 parophrys vetulus sole, english Parophrys vetulus winter skate http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:97 FAO ASFIS:RJT ITIS:564145 http://eol.org/pages/217218 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4093 winter skate Leucoraja ocellata Leucoraja ocellata (Mitchill, 1815) Raja ocellata Mitchill, 1815 big skate eyed skate leucoraja ocellata raja ocellata Leucoraja ocellata turkey wing http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RQZ ITIS:79368 http://eol.org/pages/452127 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3547 Arca zebra Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833) arca zebra Arca zebra blue runner http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:627 FAO ASFIS:RUB ITIS:168612 http://eol.org/pages/224449 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1778 blue runner Caranx crysos Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815) caranx crysos caranx fusus Caranx crysos green jack http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NXC ITIS:168611 http://eol.org/pages/207051 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2251 green jack Caranx caballus Caranx caballus Günther, 1868 caranx caballus jack, green jurel (green jack) jurel bonito Caranx caballus bar jack http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:630 FAO ASFIS:CXR ITIS:168615 http://eol.org/pages/221352 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2335 bar jack Carangoides ruber Carangoides ruber (Bloch, 1793) Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793) Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793) carangoides ruber caranx ruber carrang Carangoides ruber yellow jack http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NBR ITIS:168607 http://eol.org/pages/597832 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2384 yellow jack Carangoides bartholomaei Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833) Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833 carangoides bartholomaei caranx bartholomaei Carangoides bartholomaei round scad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:WEC ITIS:168725 http://eol.org/pages/205453 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2481 round scad Decapterus punctatus Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier, 1829) decapterus punctatus Decapterus punctatus rainbow runner http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:638 FAO ASFIS:RRU ITIS:168738 http://eol.org/pages/224373 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2382 Decapterus sp. BIN12386 Decapterus sp. MVM-2010-1 rainbow runner Elagatis bipinnulata Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) elagatis bipinnulata Elagatis bipinnulata Trachinotus palometa http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PPL ITIS:168710 http://eol.org/pages/356298 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2490 palometa Trachinotus goodei Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896 Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann, 1896 garrick glaucus great pompano trachinotus glaucus Trachinotus goodei florida pompano http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:654 FAO ASFIS:POM ITIS:168708 http://eol.org/pages/210301 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1780 Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) common pompano trachinotus carolinus Trachinotus carolinus leatherjacket http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:OLI ITIS:168673 http://eol.org/pages/205903 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3965 leatherjack Oligoplites saurus Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) oligoplites saurus Oligoplites saurus kodo millet plant http://langual.org GRIN:26917 GRIN:409667 GRIN:409668 ITIS:41040 PLANTS:PASC6 PLANTS:PASCB http://eol.org/pages/1114553 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2504 Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack. Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispicatum Hack. Paspalum scrobiculatum var. scrobiculatum indian paspalum koda millet kodra millet paspalum scrobiculatum ricegrass ricegrass paspalum Paspalum scrobiculatum *Amorphophallus paeoniifolius*, the Elephant foot yam or Whitespot giant arum or Stink lily, is a tropical tuber crop that offers excellent scope for adoption in the tropical countries as a cash crop due to its production potential and popularity as a vegetable in various delicious cuisines. whitespot giant arum plant WIKIPEDIA:Amorphophallus_paeoniifolius http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7462 GRIN:102457 ITIS:506752 PLANTS:AMPA13 http://eol.org/pages/1098928 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4274 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson amorphophallus paeoniifolius elephant foot yam elephant yam telinga-potato Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Lithodes golden king crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KAQ ITIS:660179 http://eol.org/pages/313428 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2343 Lithodes aequispina Benedict 1894 Lithodes aequispinus Lithodes aequispinus J. E. Benedict, 1895 lithodes aequispina Lithodes aequispinus stone king crab http://langual.org CEC 1993:1293 FAO ASFIS:KCT ITIS:97943 http://eol.org/pages/1021868 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3568 Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758) lithodes maia lithodes maja norway king crab Lithodes maja hanasaki crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KCY ITIS:97937 http://eol.org/pages/313373 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1093 Paralithodes brevipes Paralithodes brevipes (Benedict, 1894) Paralithodes brevipes (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1841) brown king crab paralithodes brevipes Paralithodes brevipes The redcurrant, or red currant (*Ribes rubrum*) is a member of the genus *Ribes* in the gooseberry family. It is native across western Europe. red currant plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redcurrant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12577 GRIN:31860 ITIS:504798 MANSFELD:17064 PLANTS:RIRU80 http://eol.org/pages/489743 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1055 northern red currant red currant Ribes rubrum L. cultivated currant garden currant garnetberry redcurrant ribes ruburm ribes sativum ribes sylvestre Ribes rubrum weakfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:717 FAO ASFIS:STG ITIS:169241 http://eol.org/pages/357147 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2375 gray seatrout gray weakfish Cynoscion regalis Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) acaupa cynoscion regalis cynoscion acoupa gray weakfish Cynoscion regalis dragon fruit Hylocereus undatus Syzygium marrow-stem kale plant Brassica oleracea L. var. medullosa Thell. Brassica oleracea L., convar, acephala (D.C.) Alef, var. medullosa Thell. Brassica oleracea var. medullosa Thell. marrow-stem cabbage marrow-stem kale Brassica oleracea var. medullosa Alectis alexandria pompano http://langual.org CEC 1993:624 FAO ASFIS:ALA ITIS:641972 http://eol.org/pages/343488 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3968 African threadfish Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817) alectis alexandrinus Alectis alexandrina african pompano http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LIJ ITIS:168602 http://eol.org/pages/213780 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2147 African pompano Alectis ciliaris Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787) alectis ciliaris threadfish Alectis ciliaris Carangoides rough scad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:659 FAO ASFIS:RSC ITIS:168587 http://eol.org/pages/356299 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3958 rough scad Trachurus lathami Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920 trachurus lathami Trachurus lathami dogtooth grouper http://langual.org CEC 1993:568 FAO ASFIS:EFJ ITIS:551046 http://eol.org/pages/209889 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4019 dogtooth grouper Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843) epinephelus caninus Epinephelus caninus *Epinephelus marginatus* (dusky grouper, merou) is the best known grouper of the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa coast. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephelus_marginatus] dusky sea perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:569 FAO ASFIS:GPD ITIS:551078 http://eol.org/pages/206618 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4020 dusky grouper Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758) Epinephelus marginatus Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) epinephelus gigas epinephelus guaza epinephelus marginatus Epinephelus marginatus white grouper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:565 FAO ASFIS:GPW ITIS:551036 http://eol.org/pages/215496 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4016 white grouper Epinephelus aeneus Epinephelus aeneus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817) epinephelus aeneus Epinephelus aeneus Mammea Chenopodiaceae bilberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13739 GRIN:41040 ITIS:23605 MANSFELD:18352 PLANTS:VAMY2 http://eol.org/pages/583633 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2013 bilberry bilberry whortleberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. vaccinium myrtillus whinberry whortleberry Vaccinium myrtillus *Vaccinium parvifolium* (Red Huckleberry) is a species of *Vaccinium* native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Indigenous peoples found the plant and its fruit very useful. The bright red, acidic berries were used extensively for food throughout the year. red huckleberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_parvifolium http://langual.org GRIN:41050 ITIS:23612 PLANTS:VAPA http://eol.org/pages/583641 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3489 red-huckleberry Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. vaccinium parvifolium Vaccinium parvifolium Vaccinium reticulatum, known as ʻōhelo ʻai in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the heather family, Ericaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. Damion Dooley oheloberry plant http://langual.org GRIN:41053 ITIS:23622 PLANTS:VARE http://eol.org/pages/583621 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1688 ʻōhelo ʻai Vaccinium reticulatum Sm. vaccinium reticulatum Vaccinium reticulatum Ophidiinae Allocyttus black oreo dory http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BOE ITIS:625296 http://eol.org/pages/596474 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2578 black oreo Allocyttus niger Allocyttus niger James, Inada & Nakamura, 1988 Allocyttus niger James, Inada and Nakamura, 1988 allocyttus niger oreo dory, black Allocyttus niger benjamin tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9803 GRIN:16785 ITIS:19083 PLANTS:FIBE http://eol.org/pages/594918 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3331 Java fig benjamin-tree Ficus benjamina L. ficus benjamina java fig javatree Ficus benjamina sycamore fig plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9825 GRIN:17000 ITIS:506546 PLANTS:FISY2 http://eol.org/pages/491538 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2779 mulberry fig sycamore fig Ficus sycomorus L. egyptian sycamore ficus gnaphalocarpa ficus sycomorus ficus trachophylla mulberry fig sycomorus ghaphalocarpa Ficus sycomorus Osmerinae mediterranean starry ray http://langual.org CEC 1993:94 FAO ASFIS:JRS ITIS:160879 http://eol.org/pages/215169 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4081 starry ray Raja asterias Delaroche 1809 Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809 raja asterias Raja asterias brown ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:JAI ITIS:160878 http://eol.org/pages/979293 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4090 brown ray Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 raja miraletus Raja miraletus long-nosed skate http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJO ITIS:564148 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4094 longnosed skate Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758 dipturus oxyrinchus long-nose skate raja oxyrinchus Dipturus oxyrinchus undulate ray http://langual.org CEC 1993:100 FAO ASFIS:RJU ITIS:160900 http://eol.org/pages/213487 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4099 undulate ray Raja undulata Lacepede, 1802 Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802 Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802 marbled ray painted ray raja undulata Raja undulata Abelmoschus The aibika (*Abelmoschus manihot*) is a flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae. It was formerly considered a species of *Hibiscus*, but is now classified in the genus *Abelmoschus*. The plant is also known as the sunset muskmallow, sunset hibiscus, or hibiscus manihot. In Japanese, this plant is known as tororo aoi and is used to make neri, a starchy substance used in making washi. In Korean, this plant is known as hwang chok kyu and is used to make dak pul, which assists in making hanji. sunset muskmallow plant WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_manihot http://langual.org GRIN:621 ITIS:21771 PLANTS:ABMA9 http://eol.org/pages/584457 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4283 aibika mbele sunset-hibiscus Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. abelmoschus manihot aibika hibiscus manihot sunset hibiscus Abelmoschus manihot Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a species of Hibiscus probably native to West Africa, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion, in which it may be known as carcade. roselle plant http://langual.org The roselle (*Hibiscus sabdariffa*) is a species of Hibiscus native to the Old World tropics, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion. It is an annual or perennial herb or woody-based subshrub, growing to 2-2.5 m (7-8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8-15 cm (3-6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems. The flowers are 8-10 cm (3-4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the base of each petal, and have a stout fleshy calyx at the base, 1-2 cm (0.39-0.79 in) wide, enlarging to 3-3.5 cm (1.2-1.4 in), fleshy and bright red as the fruit matures. It takes about six months to mature. [Wikipedia] DPNL 2003:10293 GRIN:19078 ITIS:503001 MANSFELD:13432 PLANTS:HISA2 http://eol.org/pages/487306 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1691 Sorrel of Guinea guinea-wort hibiscus sabdariffa jamaica sorrel red sorrel red-sorrel roselle sereni Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa four-spot flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1108 FAO ASFIS:YSO ITIS:172783 http://eol.org/pages/208245 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4038 American fourspot flounder Hippoglossina oblonga Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815) Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill, 1815) paralichthys oblongus Hippoglossina oblonga Peprilus Damion Dooley American butterfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1024 FAO ASFIS:BUT ITIS:172567 http://eol.org/pages/215092 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1410 American butterfish Atlantic butterfish Peprilus triacanthus dollar fish peprilus triacanthus pumpkin scad sheephead Peprilus triacanthus Peprilus triacanthus (Peck, 1804) Peprilus triacanthus (Peek, 1804) Peprilus triacanthus Urophycis red hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:469 FAO ASFIS:HKR ITIS:164730 http://eol.org/pages/210307 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1442 red hake Urophycis chuss Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792) urophycis chuss Urophycis chuss white hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:470 FAO ASFIS:HKW FDA RFE 2010:92 ITIS:164732 http://eol.org/pages/210308 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1840 white hake Urophycis tenuis Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill, 1814) hake, white urophycis tenuis Urophycis tenuis Chayote (Sechium edule) is an edible plant belonging to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae. chayote plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12955 GRIN:33453 ITIS:22441 PLANTS:SEED http://eol.org/pages/584297 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1730 chayote christophine pipinela Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. choko christophine mirliton squash plant sechium edule Sechium edule american sand lance http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:921 ITIS:171673 http://eol.org/pages/206899 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2383 American sand lance Ammodytes americanus Ammodytes americanus De Kay, 1842 Ammodytes americanus DeKay, 1842 ammodytes americanus Ammodytes americanus black sea bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:563 FAO ASFIS:BSB ITIS:167687 http://eol.org/pages/205158 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1438 black seabass Centropristis striata Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758) blackfish centropristis striata sea bass, black Centropristis striata peruvian sea bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:167835 http://eol.org/pages/1157259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1761 southern rock bass Paralabrax callaensis Paralabrax callaensis Starks, 1906 paralabrax callaensis sea bass, peruvian Paralabrax callaensis giant sea bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:584 FAO ASFIS:TEJ ITIS:167918 http://eol.org/pages/209697 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1765 giant sea bass Stereolepis gigas Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859 sea bass, giant stereolepis gigas Stereolepis gigas chain pickerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:284 ITIS:162143 http://eol.org/pages/223146 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2334 chain pickerel Esox niger Esox niger Lesueur, 1818 eastern pickerel esox niger esox reticulatus Esox niger european anchovy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:215 FAO ASFIS:ANE ITIS:161831 http://eol.org/pages/223061 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3837 European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) anchovy engraulis encrasiolus Engraulis encrasicolus desert indianwheat plant http://langual.org GRIN:28790 ITIS:504438 PLANTS:PLOV http://eol.org/pages/484480 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4200 blond psyllium ispaghul Plantago ovata Forsk. Plantago ovata Forssk. blond psyllium pantago ovata Plantago ovata arctic cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ATG ITIS:164704 http://eol.org/pages/223486 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3789 Arctic cod Arctogadus glacialis Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) arctogadus glacialis Arctogadus glacialis blue ling http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:454 FAO ASFIS:BLI ITIS:164761 http://eol.org/pages/215832 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2864 blue ling Molva dipterygia dipterygia (Pennant, 1784) Molva dypterygia Molva dypterygia (Pennant, 1784) molva dypterygia Molva dipterygia european pollock http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:460 FAO ASFIS:POL ITIS:164728 http://eol.org/pages/2788745 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3877 pollack Pollachius pollachius Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758) green pollack pollachius pollachius pollack lythe pollock Pollachius pollachius Acipenseroidei Actinopteri Clupeocephala Otophysi Otomorpha Scombrinae Scombrini Scomberomorini Thunnini offshore jack mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:662 FAO ASFIS:JAA ITIS:168593 http://eol.org/pages/206047 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3953 blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825) blue jack mackerel blue scad trachurus picturatus Trachurus picturatus american dewberry plant http://langual.org GRIN:104958 ITIS:24921 PLANTS:RUFL http://eol.org/pages/246464 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1490 American dewberry northern dewberry Rubus flagellaris Willd. rubus flagellaris Rubus flagellaris *Vaccinium ovalifolium* (commonly known as Alaska blueberry, early blueberry, oval-leaf bilberry, oval-leaf blueberry, and oval-leaf huckleberry) is a plant in the heath family having three varieties, all of which grow in northerly regions, including the subarctic. alaska blueberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_ovalifolium http://langual.org GRIN:41045 ITIS:23576 ITIS:23607 PLANTS:VAAL3 PLANTS:VAOV http://eol.org/pages/583635 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4474 alaska blueberry oval-leaf bilberry oval-leaf blueberry oval-leaf huckleberry vaccinium alaskaense vaccinium ovalifolium Vaccinium alaskaense Howell Vaccinium alaskaense T.J. Howell Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. Vaccinium ovalifolium bog bilberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13741 GRIN:41063 ITIS:23574 MANSFELD:18312 PLANTS:VAUL http://eol.org/pages/583654 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2970 bog bilberry bog bilberry bog blueberry Vaccinium uliginosum L. bog blueberry vaccinium uliginosum Vaccinium uliginosum black crowberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9514 GRIN:15127 ITIS:23743 PLANTS:EMNI PLANTS:EMNIH PLANTS:EMNIN http://eol.org/pages/586630 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4263 black crowberry crakeberry curlew-berry Empetrum nigrum L. Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Böcher Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum empetrum nigrum Empetrum nigrum black-bellied angler http://langual.org CEC 1993:1181 FAO ASFIS:ANK ITIS:164502 http://eol.org/pages/223471 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4074 black-bellied angler Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807 lophius budegassa Lophius budegassa greenland shark http://langual.org CEC 1993:62 FAO ASFIS:GSK ITIS:160611 http://eol.org/pages/205932 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4108 Greenland shark Greenland sleeper shark Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) ground shark sleeper shark somniosus microcephalus Somniosus microcephalus Lepidium chilean horse mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:661 FAO ASFIS:CJM ITIS:168597 http://eol.org/pages/224921 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2901 Inca scad Trachurus murphyi Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920 inca scad trachurus murphyi Trachurus murphyi Annoneae fire thorn plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12385 GRIN:30398 ITIS:25293 PLANTS:PYCO2 http://eol.org/pages/635933 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2349 scarlet firethorn Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Pyracantha coccinea M. Roemer Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem. pyracantha coccinea Pyracantha coccinea *Hippophae rhamnoides*, also known as common sea buckthorn is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeagnaceae, native to the cold-temperate regions of Europe and Asia. It is a spiny deciduous shrub. *H. rhamnoides* is a very versatile plant and the fruits as well as the leaves can be used. The fruits are processed and then used in the food industry, in traditional medicine, as part of drugs or in the cosmetic industry. The leaves can be used as feed, particularly for ruminants. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippophae_rhamnoides] sea buckthorn plant http://langual.org GRIN:19177 ITIS:503044 PLANTS:HIRH80 http://eol.org/pages/488204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2748 hippophae rhamnoides sallowthorn sea buckthorn sea-buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides L. Hippophae rhamnoides Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (Moraceae) originating in the South Pacific and eventually spreading to the rest of Oceania. breadfruit plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7742 GRIN:4319 ITIS:184181 PLANTS:ARAL7 http://eol.org/pages/594952 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1504 breadfruit Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg artocarpus altilis artocarpus incisa Artocarpus altilis *Brosimum alicastrum*, the breadnut or Maya nut, is a Brosimum tree species under the *Moraceae* family of flowering plants, whose other genera include fig and mulberries The plant is known by a range of names in indigenous Mesoamerican and other languages, including but not limited to: ramon,ojoche, ojite, ojushte, ujushte, ujuxte, capomo, mojo, ox, iximche , masica' in Honduras 'and uje in Michoacan Mexico. The fruit, the breadnut, is extremely high in fiber, calcium, potassium, folic acid, iron, zinc, protein and B vitamins. It has a low glycemic index (<50) and is very high in antioxidants. The fresh seeds can be cooked and eaten or can be set out to dry in the sun to roast and eaten later. Stewed the nut tastes like mashed potato, roasted it tastes like chocolate or coffee and can be prepared in numerous other dishes. In Petén, Guatemala, the breadnut is being cultivated for exportation and local consumption as powder, for hot beverages, and bread. breadnut plant WIKIPEDIA:Brosimum_alicastrum http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8147 GRIN:7895 ITIS:19075 PLANTS:BRAL3 http://eol.org/pages/596209 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1722 Brosimum alicastrum Sw. brosimum alicastrum maya nut LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit index both *BREADNUT [B1722]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Brosimum alicastrum great hammerhead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SPK ITIS:160515 http://eol.org/pages/224168 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2593 great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) hammerhead, great sphyrna mokarran Sphyrna mokarran smooth hammerhead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:47 FAO ASFIS:SPZ ITIS:160505 http://eol.org/pages/224170 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2595 smooth hammerhead Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) hammerhead, smooth sphyrna zygaena Sphyrna zygaena petrale sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1113 FAO ASFIS:EOJ FDA RFE 2010:15 ITIS:172868 http://eol.org/pages/211922 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1863 Petrale sole Eopsetta jordani Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879) eopsetta jordani sole, petrale Eopsetta jordani rex sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1115 FAO ASFIS:GLZ FDA RFE 2010:20 ITIS:172978 http://eol.org/pages/214299 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1864 Rex sole Glyptocephalus zachirus Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879 glyptocephalus zachirus Glyptocephalus zachirus pacific halibut http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1120 FAO ASFIS:HAP ITIS:172932 http://eol.org/pages/206715 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1876 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904 halibut, pacific hippoglossus stenolepis Hippoglossus stenolepis butter sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ISI ITIS:172919 http://eol.org/pages/995111 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1869 butter sole Isopsetta isolepis Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880) isopsetta isolepis pleuronectes isolepis sole, butter Isopsetta isolepis rock sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1121 FAO ASFIS:ROS ITIS:172917 http://eol.org/pages/225787 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1868 rock sole Lepidopsetta bilineata Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres 1855) Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855) lepidopsetta bilineata sole, rock Lepidopsetta bilineata yellowfin sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1122 FAO ASFIS:YES ITIS:172907 http://eol.org/pages/207428 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2581 yellowfin sole Limanda aspera Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1811) Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814) Limanda aspera Pallas, 1814 limanda aspera sole, yellowfin Limanda aspera slender sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LYW ITIS:172871 http://eol.org/pages/995149 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1865 slender sole Lyopsetta exilis Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) lyopsetta exilis sole, slender Lyopsetta exilis starry flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1130 FAO ASFIS:PWQ FDA RFE 2010:51 ITIS:172893 http://eol.org/pages/214641 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1874 starry flounder Platichthys stellatus Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787) Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1788) flounder, starry platichthys stellatus Platichthys stellatus sand sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:YSE ITIS:172928 http://eol.org/pages/210792 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1870 Pacific sand sole Psettichthys melanostictus Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854 fringe sole psettichthys melanostictus sole, sand Psettichthys melanostictus indian ocean flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1100 FAO ASFIS:HAI ITIS:172706 http://eol.org/pages/204502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1873 Indian spiny turbot Psettodes erumei Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Psettodes erumei (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) flounder, indian ocean indian halibut psettodes erumei Psettodes erumei kamchatka flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1110 FAO ASFIS:KAF ITIS:616027 http://eol.org/pages/340189 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1875 Kamchatka flounder Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks 1904 Atheresthes evermanni Jordan and Starks, 1904 Reinhardtius evermanni Reinhardtius evermanni (Jordan and Starks, 1904) atheresthes evermanni flounder, kamchatka Atheresthes evermanni Achiridae Trinectes hogchoker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:TMT ITIS:172982 http://eol.org/pages/203946 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2289 hogchoker Trinectes maculatus Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) trinectes maculatus Trinectes maculatus fantail sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:XYL ITIS:172800 http://eol.org/pages/210868 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1880 Xystreurys liolepis Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880 sole, fantail xystreurys liolepis Xystreurys liolepis spanish sardine http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SAA ITIS:161763 http://eol.org/pages/1000279 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2003 round sardinella Sardinella aurita Sardinella aurita Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847 Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 sardine, spanish sardinella anchovia sardinella aurita Sardinella aurita short-body sardinella http://langual.org CEC 1993:191 FAO ASFIS:SAE ITIS:161767 http://eol.org/pages/223233 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3859 Madeiran sardinella Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1839) sardinella maderensis Sardinella maderensis European sprat Sprattus sprattus *Neptunia oleracea*, commonly known in English as water mimosa or sensitive neptunia, is pantropical nitrogen-fixing perennial legume. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunia_oleracea] water mimosa plant http://langual.org GRIN:25212 ITIS:517536 http://eol.org/pages/417040 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2445 Neptunia oleracea Lour. neptunia prostrata Neptunia oleracea white river crayfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PCC ITIS:97492 http://eol.org/pages/344568 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3572 Procambarus acutus Procambarus acutus (Girard 1852) Procambarus acutus (Girard, 1852) procambarus acutus white crawfish Procambarus acutus oxeye scad http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:LRO ITIS:621131 http://eol.org/pages/993268 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3959 oxeye scad Selar boops (Cuvier 1833) Selar boops (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833) selar boops Selar boops Sapindoideae african plantain plant http://langual.org GRIN:316475 ITIS:32908 http://eol.org/pages/579236 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3713 French psyllium sand plantain Plantago afra L. Plantago psyllium L. plantago afra plantago psyllium psyllium Plantago indica small european locust lobster http://langual.org CEC 1993:1291 FAO ASFIS:SCY ITIS:97666 http://eol.org/pages/128511 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3585 Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758) lesser slipper lobster scyllarus arctus Scyllarus arctus common spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1253 FAO ASFIS:SLO ITIS:97657 http://eol.org/pages/1022068 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2203 Palinurus elephas Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) palinurus elephas palinurus vulgaris Palinurus elephas natal spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1252 FAO ASFIS:SLN ITIS:552964 http://eol.org/pages/128820 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3611 Palinurus delagoae Palinurus delagoae Barnard, 1926 palinurus delagoae Palinurus delagoae gilchrist spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1254 FAO ASFIS:SLS ITIS:552965 http://eol.org/pages/341287 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2167 Palinurus gilchristi Palinurus gilchristi Stebbing, 1900 palinurus gilchristi southern spiny lobster Palinurus gilchristi A species of ray in the family Mobulidae, and the largest type of ray in the world. Damion Dooley giant oceanic manta ray http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:110 FAO ASFIS:RMB ITIS:160992 http://eol.org/pages/206970 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4131 atlantic manta giant devil ray giant manta Manta birostris Manta birostris (Donndorff, 1798) Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792) manta birostris Until 2017, giant mantas were classified in the genus Manta, along with the smaller reef manta (Mobula alfredi). DNA testing revealed that both species are more closely related to rays of the genus Mobula than previously thought. As a result, giant mantas were renamed Mobula birostris to reflect the new classification. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_oceanic_manta_ray] Mobula birostris red deepsea crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CRR ITIS:620992 http://eol.org/pages/1037674 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1943 red deepsea crab Chaceon quinquedens Chaceon quinquedens (S. I. Smith, 1879) Chaceon quinquedens (Smith 1879) chaceon quinquedens geryon quinquedens Chaceon quinquedens mammea americana tree http://langual.org GRIN:23319 ITIS:21492 PLANTS:MAAM2 http://eol.org/pages/584884 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1685 mamey mammee-apple mammy apple tree Mammea americana L. mammea americana south american apricot Mammea americana garden valerian plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13745 GRIN:400139 ITIS:35363 PLANTS:VAOF http://eol.org/pages/488753 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4204 common valerian garden heliotrope Valeriana officinalis L. common valerian garden-heliotrope valerian valeriana officinalis Valeriana officinalis *Alpinia officinarum*, known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are valued for their sweet spicy flavor and aromatic scent. These are used throughout Asia in curries and perfumes, and were previously used widely in Europe. They are also used as an herbal remedy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum] lesser galangal plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7398 GRIN:101035 ITIS:506514 MANSFELD:3440 PLANTS:ALOF4 http://eol.org/pages/1126822 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2938 Chinese-ginger lesser galangal Alpinia officinarum Hance alpinia officinarum Alpinia officinarum Bacteria eubacteria Bacteria european flying squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1415 FAO ASFIS:SQE ITIS:205726 http://eol.org/pages/586266 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3702 Todarodes sagittatus Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798) Todarodes sagittatus sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798) ommastrephes sagittatus red squid sea squid todarodes sagittatus Todarodes sagittatus taimen http://langual.org ITIS:623484 http://eol.org/pages/212945 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4049 taimen Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773) hucho taimen Hucho taimen The white crappie, *Pomoxis annularis* Rafinesque, 1818, is native throughout the eastern half of Canada and the United States, and has been widely introduced in the west as well. The white crappie is generally deep-bodied and silvery in color, with darker vertical stripes. The dorsal fin of the white crappie has six spines. The maximum recorded length for a white crappie in 53.0 cm (21 in), with a maximum weight of almost 2.35 kg (more than 5.18 lb); it can live as long as thirty years. This species prefers slower-moving water, whether a backwater of a small creek or a large lake. Some sources say the White Crappie will overpopulate in lakes less than 1000 acres (4 km²). White Crappie often school around structure such as submerged trees. ( white crappie WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie) http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:596 FAO ASFIS:PXR ITIS:168166 http://eol.org/pages/218001 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3368 Pomoxis annularis Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, 1818 aspledinotus grunniens pomoxis annularis Pomoxis annularis Lutjaniformes wrasse http://langual.org CEC 1993:834 ITIS:170735 http://eol.org/pages/219191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2389 Labrus viridis Linnaeus, 1758 labrus viridis Labrus viridis hogfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:835 FAO ASFIS:LCX ITIS:170566 http://eol.org/pages/212275 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2482 hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792) capitan lachnolaimus maximus Lachnolaimus maximus tautog http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:843 FAO ASFIS:TAU ITIS:170479 http://eol.org/pages/204104 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2276 Tautoga onitis Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus, 1758) tautoga onitis Tautoga onitis The flowering tree *Crateva religiosa* is native to Japan, Australia, much of Southeast Asia and several south Pacific islands. It is grown elsewhere for fruit, especially in parts of the African continent. The fruit of the tree is edible. Damion Dooley Crateva religiosa tree WIKIPEDIA:Crateva_religiosa http://langual.org GRIN:12158 ITIS:505883 PLANTS:CRRE12 http://eol.org/pages/485000 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4464 abiyuch tree barna bidasi crateva religiosa garlic pear tree sacred barma tree sacred garlic pear tree sacred garlic-pear spider tree temple plant Crateva religiosa Forster f. Crateva religiosa G. Forst. Crateva religiosa greasy rockcod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EPT ITIS:167708 http://eol.org/pages/2793715 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1759 greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) epinephelus tauvina tauvina grouper Epinephelus tauvina A sea cucumber that can be found from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. california sea cucumber http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:TKG ITIS:158344 http://eol.org/pages/597386 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2433 giant California sea cucumber sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson, 1857) Parastichopus californicus Stimpson cucumaria spp. parastichopus californicus sea slug Apostichopus californicus Hedge mustard (*Sisymbrium officinale*) is a plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It is found on roadsides and wasteland, and as a weed of arable land. A native of Europe and North Africa, it is now well-established throughout the world. It is distinct from the Mustard plants which belong to the genus Brassica. hedge mustard plant WIKIPEDIA:Hedge_mustard http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13132 GRIN:34458 ITIS:23316 PLANTS:SIOF http://eol.org/pages/583773 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4503 hedge mustard hedge-mustard sisymbrium officinale Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Sisymbrium officinale ahipa plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11585 GRIN:26283 ITIS:506305 PLANTS:PAAH4 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4256 ajipa ajipo yam-bean Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) L. Parodi Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi andean yam bean pachyrhizus ahipa yam bean Pachyrhizus ahipa goitenyo plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11587 GRIN:26290 ITIS:506306 PLANTS:PATU7 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4255 jicama jiquima yam-bean Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Sprengel ajipo amazonian yam bean goiteño jacatupe nupe pachyrhizus tuberosus potato bean Pachyrhizus tuberosus pepino plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13167 GRIN:101310 ITIS:505840 PLANTS:SOMU5 http://eol.org/pages/595310 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2493 Peruvian pepino mataserrano melon-pear Solanum muricatum Aiton melon pear melon shrub pear melon solanum muricatum Solanum muricatum royal threadfin http://langual.org CEC 1993:547 FAO ASFIS:PET ITIS:170475 http://eol.org/pages/205258 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4034 Pentanemus quinquarius (Linnaeus, 1758) pentanemus quinquarius Pentanemus quinquarius Anatinae pacific sandfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:TDC ITIS:170919 http://eol.org/pages/338580 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4012 Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813) trichodon trichodon Trichodon trichodon Arrowroot, any of several species of the genus *Maranta*, members of the family *Marantaceae*, the rhizomes, or rootstocks, of which yield an edible starch. The most commonly used species is *Maranta arundinacea*, the source of genuine, or West Indies, arrowroot. [https://global.britannica.com/plant/arrowroot] arrowroot plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11088 GRIN:23393 ITIS:503694 PLANTS:MAAR3 http://eol.org/pages/1116525 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2400 Maranta arundinacea L. maranta arundinacea Maranta arundinacea four-finger threadfin http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:546 FAO ASFIS:FOT ITIS:645505 http://eol.org/pages/220322 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4033 Indian salmon blind tassel-fish blue salmon blue threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) eleutheronema tetradactylum Eleutheronema tetradactylum Castanea beech trees Fagus *Canarium pimela* is a tree species in the genus *Canarium* and the family *Burseraceae* found in Indo-China [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium_pimela] chinese black olive plant java-almond plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:409501 GRIN:8821 ITIS:506414 PLANTS:CAPI16 http://eol.org/pages/396430 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3390 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5027 Chinese black-olive wu lan Canarium pimela K. D. Koenig Canarium pimela K.D. Koenig Canarium pimela Koenig; syn: C. nigrum Engl.; Canarium album (Lour.) Taeusch. Canarium pimela Konig Canarium vulgare Leenh. canarium pimela canarium tramdenum canarium vulgare chinese olive kenarinut-tree Canarium pimela *Flacourtia indica* (syn. *Flacourtia ramontchi*), known commonly as ramontchi, governor's plum, batoko plum, Madagascar plum and Indian plum, is a species of flowering plant native to much of Africa and tropical and temperate parts of Asia. *F. indica* and *F. ramontchi* are sometimes treated as separate species. The Ramontchi fruit itself is a pome about an inch thick and red ripening purple. It is very fleshy and has 6 to 10 seeds in layered carpels. The pulp is yellow or white and sweet with an acidic tang. It is eaten raw or made into jelly or jam. It can be fermented to make wine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flacourtia_indica] governor's plum plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9837 GRIN:17118 ITIS:502628 PLANTS:FLIN http://eol.org/pages/487574 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2789 Madagascar plum batoko plum ramontchi Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Flacourtia indica (Burm. fil.) Merr. batoka plum flacourtia hirtiuscula flacourtia indica flacourtia latifolia flacourtia ramontchi flacourtia sepiaria gmelina indica indian plum madagascar plum Flacourtia indica Centrophorus gulper shark http://langual.org CEC 1993:57 FAO ASFIS:GUP ITIS:160633 http://eol.org/pages/214440 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4113 gulper shark Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) centrophorus granulosus rough shark Centrophorus granulosus sandy ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJI ITIS:564128 http://eol.org/pages/345060 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4084 sandy ray Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838) Raja circularis Couch 1838 leucoraja circularis raja circularis Leucoraja circularis Myzopsetta parore http://langual.org AFNS 2009 37:361007 FAO ASFIS:GIY ITIS:169518 http://eol.org/pages/1015618 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4280 luderick Girella tricuspidata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Girella tricuspidata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) Girella tricuspidata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 black bream blackfish girella tricuspidata luderick Girella tricuspidata Malvoideae Bombacoideae Brama pacific pomfret http://langual.org ITIS:170289 http://eol.org/pages/207041 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3997 Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878 brama japonica Brama japonica Larimichthys croceine croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LYC ITIS:646547 http://eol.org/pages/204617 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3914 croceine croaker large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846) Larimichthys croceus (Richardson, 1846) large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea Larimichthys crocea slender sunfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1176 FAO ASFIS:RZV ITIS:173417 http://eol.org/pages/214643 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4071 slender sunfish Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) ranzania laevis Ranzania laevis angolan flying squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SQG ITIS:555983 http://eol.org/pages/399986 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3699 Todarodes angolensis Todarodes angolensis Adam, 1962 todarodes angolensis Todarodes angolensis wellington flying squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1413 FAO ASFIS:TSQ ITIS:556164 http://eol.org/pages/591402 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3698 Sloane's squid arrow squid Nototodarus sloani (Gray, 1849) Nototodarus sloanii Nototodarus sloanii (Gray, 1849) arrow squid nototodarus sloani Nototodarus sloanii Neocoleoidea Decapodiformes Averrhoa Archaea Archaea Littorinimorpha Nepetoideae Mentheae bullet tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:952 FAO ASFIS:BLT ITIS:172455 ITIS:613017 http://eol.org/pages/208081 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1930 bullet tuna Auxis rochei Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) Auxis rochei eudorax Collette and Aadland, 1996 Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810) auxis bisus auxis rochei scomber rochei Auxis rochei Arbutoideae Multicrustacea anchoveta http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:VET ITIS:551340 http://eol.org/pages/206650 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3839 Anchoveta peruana Peruvian anchovy anchoveta Engraulis ringens Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842 engraulis ringens peruvian anchovy Engraulis ringens crucian carp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:314 FAO ASFIS:FCC ITIS:163352 http://eol.org/pages/205155 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3474 crucian carp Carassius carassius Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) carassius carassius Carassius carassius mints Mentha malabar snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MAL ITIS:168870 http://eol.org/pages/204627 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1805 Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) lutjanus malabaricus snapper, malabar red Lutjanus malabaricus narrow-barred mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:977 FAO ASFIS:COM ITIS:172441 http://eol.org/pages/205201 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2935 narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800) Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1802) narrow-barred king mackerel narrow-barred spanish mackerel scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus commerson Cichorieae water roseapple plant http://langual.org GRIN:50068 ITIS:506166 PLANTS:SYAQ http://eol.org/pages/2508664 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2777 Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston Syzygium aqueum (Burman f.) Alston eugenia aqua jambu fruit syzygium aqueum water apple water rose Syzygium aqueum mountain apple plant http://langual.org GRIN:70774 ITIS:505421 PLANTS:SYMA2 http://eol.org/pages/2508662 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2831 Malay-apple pomerac Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry eugenia malaccensis jambosa malaccensis malay apple malaysian apple mamiew pomerac ohia pinkapple pomerac roseapple (syzygium malaccense) saraek pomerac syzygium malaccense Syzygium malaccense star apple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8641 GRIN:10405 ITIS:23811 PLANTS:CHCA10 http://eol.org/pages/1148152 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2036 star apple Chrysophyllum cainito L. caimito chrysophyllum cainito Chrysophyllum cainito NPAAA clade 50 kb inversion clade porcupine fish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:DIY ITIS:173391 http://eol.org/pages/1012692 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2714 spot-fin porcupinefish Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 diodon hystrix Diodon hystrix sharptail mola http://langual.org CEC 1993:1174 FAO ASFIS:MRW ITIS:173419 http://eol.org/pages/205741 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2584 sharptail mola Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard, 1840) Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840) mola lanceolata Masturus lanceolatus IRL clade indigoferoid/millettioid clade rough ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:JAR ITIS:160898 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4096 rough ray rough skate Raja radula Delaroche, 1809 raja radula Raja radula blond ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJH ITIS:160880 http://eol.org/pages/218668 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4083 blonde ray Raja brachyura Lafont 1873 Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873 raja brachyura Raja brachyura painted ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJE ITIS:160882 http://eol.org/pages/1012918 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4089 small-eyed ray Raja microocellata Montagu 1818 Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818 raja microocellata small-eyed ray Raja microocellata cuckoo ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJN ITIS:564143 http://eol.org/pages/345058 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4092 cuckoo ray Leucoraja naevus (Müller and Henle, 1841) Raja naevus Müller & Henle 1841 butterfly skate leucoraja naevus raja naevus Leucoraja naevus shagreen ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJF ITIS:564134 http://eol.org/pages/345059 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4087 shagreen ray Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja fullonica Linnaeus, 1758 leucoraja fullonica raja fullonica Leucoraja fullonica sand perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PES ITIS:167793 http://eol.org/pages/205142 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2301 sand perch Diplectrum formosum Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus, 1766) diplectrum formosum Diplectrum formosum American quails New World quails Odontophoridae blueback herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:152 FAO ASFIS:BBH ITIS:161703 http://eol.org/pages/343491 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1852 blueback shad Alosa aestivalis Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814) alosa aestivalis blueback shad herring, blueback pomolobus aestivalis Alosa aestivalis Harengula scaled sardine http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HCG ITIS:161755 http://eol.org/pages/983544 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2173 scaled sardine Harengula jaguana Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865 harengula jaguana scaly sardine Harengula jaguana Brevoortia gulf menhaden http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:162 FAO ASFIS:MHG ITIS:161734 http://eol.org/pages/225829 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1848 Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878 brevoortia patronus menhaden, gulf Brevoortia patronus atlantic menhaden http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:164 FAO ASFIS:MHA ITIS:161732 http://eol.org/pages/213696 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1849 Atlantic menhaden mossbunker Brevoortia tyrannus Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802) brevoortia tyrannus menhaden, atlantic Brevoortia tyrannus Opisthonema atlantic thread herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:184 FAO ASFIS:THA ITIS:161748 http://eol.org/pages/213022 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1851 Atlantic thread herring Opisthonema oglinum Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818) Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) opisthonema oglinum thread herring, atlantic Opisthonema oglinum Etrumeus red-eyed round herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:177 FAO ASFIS:RRH ITIS:161743 http://eol.org/pages/205036 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3851 red-eye round herring round herring Etrumeus teres Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 1842) Etrumeus teres De Kay, 1842 etrumeus teres Etrumeus teres Anchoa bay anchovy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:207 FAO ASFIS:ANB ITIS:161839 http://eol.org/pages/223306 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3831 bay anchovy common anchovy Anchoa mitchilli Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848) anchoa mitchilli Anchoa mitchilli spotted bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MTT ITIS:168161 http://eol.org/pages/205773 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4030 spotted bass spotted blackbass Micropterus punctulatus Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque, 1819) micropterus punctulatus Micropterus punctulatus owl limpet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LQJ ITIS:69732 http://eol.org/pages/621237 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2357 owl limpet Lottia gigantea Lottia gigantea (Sowerby, 1934) Lottia gigantea G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 giant owl limpet limpet, giant owl lottia gigantea Lottia gigantea lingcod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1080 FAO ASFIS:CLI FDA RFE 2010:45 ITIS:167116 http://eol.org/pages/206859 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1384 Ophiodon elongatus Ophiodon elongatus Girard 1854 Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854 ophiodon elongatus Ophiodon elongatus freshwater drum http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:707 FAO ASFIS:AGR ITIS:169364 http://eol.org/pages/993240 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1796 freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque 1819 Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819 aplodinotus grunniens gaspergou Aplodinotus grunniens The pomegranate, *Punica granatum*, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall. pomegranate plant WIKIPEDIA:Punica_granatum http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12381 GRIN:30372 ITIS:27278 MANSFELD:7860 PLANTS:PUGR2 http://eol.org/pages/582971 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1162 granado grenadier pomegranate shi liu zakuro Punica granatum L. punica granatum punica malus Punica granatum waterchestnut plant http://langual.org GRIN:400138 ITIS:27170 MANSFELD:4856 http://eol.org/pages/582969 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3719 water chestnut Trapa natans L. Trapa natans L. var. natans caltrop trapa natans waternut Trapa natans naranjilla plant http://langual.org GRIN:101253 ITIS:30475 PLANTS:SOQU http://eol.org/pages/581206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2062 lulo naranjilla Solanum quitoense Lam. lulo quito orange solanum quitoense Solanum quitoense sablefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1082 FAO ASFIS:SAB ITIS:167123 http://eol.org/pages/206154 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1437 sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1811) Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814) anoplopoma fimbria Anoplopoma fimbria tangelo Citrus x tangelo coco plum plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8637 GRIN:10397 ITIS:25148 PLANTS:CHIC http://eol.org/pages/629655 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2763 Chrysobalanus icaco L. chrysobalanus chrysobalanus elipticus chrysobalanus icaco chrysobalanus orbicularis chrysobalanus purpureus cocoplum fat prof icaco Chrysobalanus icaco painted river prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1231 FAO ASFIS:MBK ITIS:96227 http://eol.org/pages/128503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3617 Macrobrachium carcinus Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758) bigclaw river shrimp macrobrachium carcinus Macrobrachium carcinus *Prunus serotina*, commonly called black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a deciduous woody plant species belonging to the genus Prunus. The species is widespread and common in North America and South America. Black cherry is closely related to the chokecherry (*Prunus virginiana*); chokecherry, however, is classified as a shrub or small tree and has smaller, less glossy leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_serotina] black cherry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12296 GRIN:30099 ITIS:24764 PLANTS:PRSE2 http://eol.org/pages/791911 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2479 black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. prunus serotina wild black cherry Prunus serotina http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12395 GRIN:30474 ITIS:25295 MANSFELD:8689 PLANTS:PYCO http://eol.org/pages/414311 pear Pyrus communis L. pyrus communis Pyrus communis bramble Rubus emperor snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LUB ITIS:168894 http://eol.org/pages/217110 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1931 emperor red snapper Lutjanus sebae Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816) lutjanus sebae Lutjanus sebae magnoliids Magnoliidae southern tanner crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CVB ITIS:98429 http://eol.org/pages/313720 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1182 Chionoecetes bairdi Chionoecetes bairdi M. J. Rathbun, 1924 Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1924 chionoecetes bairdi tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi canistel plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:12193 GRIN:102607 ITIS:23830 PLANTS:POCA23 http://eol.org/pages/1152194 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3393 canistel eggfruit-tree yellow sapote Pouteria campechiana (HBK.) Baenhi; this species includes former Lacuma nervosa A.DC. and L. salicifolia HBK. Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni egg-fruit tree pouteria campechiana yellow sapote Pouteria campechiana mamey sapote plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12194 GRIN:1303 ITIS:23836 PLANTS:POSA13 http://eol.org/pages/1151976 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4238 mammee sapote marmalade-plum sapote Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn pouteria sapota Pouteria sapota rue family Rutaceae soapberry family Sapindaceae *Viburnum edule*, the squashberry, mooseberry, pembina, pimbina, highbush cranberry, lowbush cranberry or moosomin in Cree language, is a small shrub species. squashberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Viburnum_edule http://langual.org GRIN:41348 ITIS:35261 PLANTS:VIED http://eol.org/pages/490019 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4478 mooseberry squashberry Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. highbush cranberry lowbush cranberry mooseberry moosomin pembina pimbina viburnum edule Viburnum edule smelt http://langual.org CEC 1993:542 FAO ASFIS:AHH ITIS:166023 http://eol.org/pages/206989 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3821 Mediterranean sand smelt Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 atherina hepsetus mediterranean sandsmelt sand-smelt silverside Atherina hepsetus atlantic silverside http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:545 FAO ASFIS:SSA ITIS:165994 http://eol.org/pages/205984 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3823 Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia Menidia menidia (Linnaeus, 1766) menidia menidia Menidia menidia northern anchovy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:217 FAO ASFIS:NPA ITIS:161828 http://eol.org/pages/207207 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1855 northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854 Engraulis mordax Girard, 1856 anchovy, northern californian anchoveta engraulis mordax north pacific anchovy Engraulis mordax pond smelt http://langual.org CEC 1993:264 FAO ASFIS:PSM ITIS:162031 http://eol.org/pages/220325 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2870 Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1811) Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814) hypomesus olidus Hypomesus olidus eulachon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:272 FAO ASFIS:EUL ITIS:162051 http://eol.org/pages/216656 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2654 eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836) thaleichthys pacificus Thaleichthys pacificus atlantic giant cockle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:DKR ITIS:80913 http://eol.org/pages/449039 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3650 Dinocardium robustum Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786) dinocardium robustum giant atlantic cockle Dinocardium robustum The greenbone or butterfish, *Odax pullus*, a cale of the genus *Odax*, is found around New Zealand. new zealand butterfish WIKIPEDIA:Greenbone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:OXP ITIS:614973 http://eol.org/pages/222798 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4289 greenbone Odax pullus Odax pullus (Forster 1801) Odax pullus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) butterfish greenbone odax pullus Odax pullus Apioideae apioid superclade Scandiceae Apieae Scandicinae spot-tail spiny turbot http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1098 FAO ASFIS:SOT ITIS:616137 http://eol.org/pages/988103 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4040 spottail spiny turbot Psettodes belcheri Psettodes belcheri Bennett, 1831 psettodes belcheri spottettail turbot Psettodes belcheri gafftopsail catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BEM ITIS:164159 http://eol.org/pages/204171 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2174 gafftopsail sea catfish Bagre marinus Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815) bagre marinus Bagre marinus smooth oreo dory http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SSO ITIS:625280 http://eol.org/pages/213217 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2579 Pseudocyttus maculatus Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906 Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist, 1906 oreo dory, smooth pseudocyttus maculatus Pseudocyttus maculatus goose barnacle http://langual.org ITIS:89566 http://eol.org/pages/1020447 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3552 Lepas anserifera Linnaeus, 1758 lepas anserifera Lepas anserifera bilimbi plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7882 GRIN:6157 ITIS:506370 PLANTS:AVBI http://eol.org/pages/483572 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2513 Averrhoa bilimbi L. averrhoa bilimbi blimbing cucumber tree tree sorrel Averrhoa bilimbi lookdown dory http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ZCT ITIS:625276 http://eol.org/pages/219069 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2903 Cyttus traversi Hutton, 1872 cyttus traversi Cyttus traversi warty dory http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ALL ITIS:166306 http://eol.org/pages/211947 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4079 Allocyttus verrucosus (Gilchrist, 1906) allocyttus verrucosus Allocyttus verrucosus italian cornsalad plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13751 GRIN:41091 ITIS:506066 PLANTS:VAER2 http://eol.org/pages/484990 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4327 italian corn salad valerianella eriocarpa Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. Valerianella eriocarpa eben tree http://langual.org GRIN:310587 ITIS:506419 PLANTS:DAED http://eol.org/pages/483480 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2768 Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam bush buttertree bushbutter dacryodes edulis pachylobus edulis Dacryodes edulis Lycium Physalis queensland school mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:987 FAO ASFIS:QUM ITIS:172447 http://eol.org/pages/222539 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3985 Queensland school mackerel Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943 scomberomorus queenslandicus Scomberomorus queenslandicus australian spotted mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:984 FAO ASFIS:ASM ITIS:202047 http://eol.org/pages/206787 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3982 Australian spotted mackerel Scomberomorus munroi Colette and Russo, 1980 Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo 1980 Scomberomorus munroi Collette and Russo, 1980 scomberomorus munroi Scomberomorus munroi broad-barred king mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:989 FAO ASFIS:BBM ITIS:172448 http://eol.org/pages/205209 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3987 broadbarred king mackerel Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883) Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1884) scomberomorus semifasciatus Scomberomorus semifasciatus hoki http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GRN ITIS:623193 http://eol.org/pages/212898 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1838 blue grenadier Macruronus novaezelandiae Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector 1871) Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector, 1871) macruronus novaezelandiae Macruronus novaezelandiae morid cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RIB ITIS:164687 http://eol.org/pages/214998 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2892 Mora moro Mora moro (Risso, 1810) common mora mora moro pseudophycis breviusculus Mora moro argentine anchovy http://langual.org CEC 1993:212 FAO ASFIS:ANA ITIS:551338 http://eol.org/pages/207205 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1554 Argentine anchovy Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini, 1935 Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935 Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini, 1935 anchoa engraulis engraulis anchoita Engraulis anchoita madder family Rubiaceae sword razor http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1392 FAO ASFIS:EQI ITIS:81026 http://eol.org/pages/448706 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4144 Ensis siliqua Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758) ensis siliqua Ensis siliqua margin jackknife http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1396 FAO ASFIS:RAE ITIS:81018 http://eol.org/pages/448701 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2716 Solen marginatus Solen marginatus (Pulteney, 1799) Solen vagina Linnaeus, 1758 european razor clam grooved razor razor clam solen marginatus solen vagina Solen marginatus roughscale flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CDJ ITIS:172864 http://eol.org/pages/212956 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2000 roughscale sole Clidoderma asperrimum Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) clidoderma asperrimum Clidoderma asperrimum Aloe amur pike http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:AMU ITIS:623349 http://eol.org/pages/1015234 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3500 Amur pike Esox reichertii Dybowski, 1869 blackspotted pike esox reichertii Esox reichertii canestrini's goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1047 ITIS:171984 http://eol.org/pages/223790 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3930 Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Ninni, 1883) pomatoschistus canestrinii Ninnigobius canestrinii barberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7987 GRIN:6992 ITIS:18837 MANSFELD:25732 PLANTS:BEVU http://eol.org/pages/596556 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2492 European barberry common barberry Berberis vulgaris L. berberis vulgaris Berberis vulgaris akee plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8051 GRIN:7271 ITIS:506071 PLANTS:BLSA2 http://eol.org/pages/483850 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1690 ackee akee aki Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig Blighia sapida Koenig ackee blighia sapida Blighia sapida Atractoscion white seabass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:711 FAO ASFIS:WEW ITIS:169387 http://eol.org/pages/137943 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1187 white weakfish Atractoscion nobilis Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860) atractoscion nobilis cynoscion nobilis Atractoscion nobilis deepbody thread herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:183 FAO ASFIS:THP ITIS:161750 http://eol.org/pages/222131 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1980 Pacific thread herring Opisthonema libertate Opisthonema libertate (Günther 1867) Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867) opisthonema libertate opisthonema oblieri Opisthonema libertate brasilian guava plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12336 GRIN:30208 ITIS:506172 MANSFELD:12292 PLANTS:PSGU3 http://eol.org/pages/2508601 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2958 Brazilian guava Guinea guava Psidium guineense Sw. psidium guineense Psidium guineense An evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae. Syzygium cumini plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13407 GRIN:36128 ITIS:505419 PLANTS:SYCU http://eol.org/pages/2508660 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1651 Java-plum black plum (syzyguim) eugenia jambolana jaman jambol jambolan jambolan plant jambolan plum jambul java plum syzygium cumini Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Syzygium cumini java apple plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:13410 GRIN:312990 ITIS:506170 PLANTS:SYSA3 http://eol.org/pages/2508668 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3395 Java-apple makopa wax jambu Eugenia javanica Lam; Syn: Syzigium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry eugenia javanica syzygium samarangense Syzygium samarangense longfin smelt http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:OSY ITIS:162049 http://eol.org/pages/205330 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1310 longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres 1860) Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860) osmerus thaleichthys spirinchus thaleichthys Spirinchus thaleichthys otaheite gooseberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11881 GRIN:28113 ITIS:28366 PLANTS:PHAC3 http://eol.org/pages/1153259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2360 Otaheite gooseberry cela usiri cerejeira-do-Taiti grosellero jumbilin sour gooseberry Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels mayom phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus acidus greek rudd http://langual.org CEC 1993:357 ITIS:690020 http://eol.org/pages/994590 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3870 Scardinius graecus (Stephanidis, 1937) Scardinius graecus Stephanidis, 1937 scardinius graecus Scardinius graecus grooved tanner crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:98431 http://eol.org/pages/1037977 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2223 Chionoecetes tanneri Chionoecetes tanneri M. J. Rathbun, 1893 chionoecetes tanneri Chionoecetes tanneri angel shark http://langual.org CEC 1993:67 FAO ASFIS:AGN ITIS:160788 http://eol.org/pages/212965 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4119 angelshark Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) angelfish monkfish squatina squatina Squatina squatina blood snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:168871 http://eol.org/pages/217109 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2256 bloodred snapper humphead snapper Lutjanus sanguineus Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) lutjanus sanguineus scarlet snapper Lutjanus sanguineus *Diplotaxis tenuifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name perennial wall-rocket. This plant is native to Europe and Western Asia. It can be found throughout much of the temperate world where it has naturalized. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplotaxis_tenuifolia] perennial wallrocket plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9330 GRIN:316651 ITIS:502098 MANSFELD:23755 PLANTS:DITE4 http://eol.org/pages/487913 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3737 Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. diplotaxis tenuifolia lincoln's-weed sand mustard sand rocket wall rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia Whippomorpha *Enteroctopus dofleini*, also known as the giant Pacific octopus or North Pacific giant octopus, is a large cephalopod belonging to the genus *Enteroctopus*. giant pacific octopus WIKIPEDIA:Enteroctopus_dofleini http://langual.org ITIS:557227 http://eol.org/pages/486386 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4484 North Pacific giant octopus giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) enteroctopus dofleini north pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini prairie rose plant http://langual.org GRIN:32081 ITIS:24815 PLANTS:ROAR3 http://eol.org/pages/631611 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4520 Rosa arkansana Porter arkansas rose prairie rose prairie wildrose rosa arkansana rosa pratincola wild rose Rosa suffulta ribworts Plantago GRIN:400470 PLANTS:ELCOA African finger millet eleusine coracana ssp. africana osgras Eleusine coracana ssp. africana (Kennedy & O'Byrne) Hilu & de Wet Eleusine coracana subsp. africana Marjoram (*Origanum majorana*) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus *Origanum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjoram] sweet marjoram plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11506 GRIN:25912 ITIS:32631 MANSFELD:16210 PLANTS:ORMA http://eol.org/pages/579365 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1609 sweet marjoram Origanum majorana L. marjoram marjoram, sweet origanum majorana sweet marjoram Origanum majorana Scurvy-grass (*Cochlearia* species; a.k.a. Scurvy grass, Scurvygrass, or Spoonwort) is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial herbs in the cabbage family *Brassicaceae*. They are widely distributed in temperate and arctic areas of the northern hemisphere, most commonly found in coastal regions, on cliff-tops and salt marshes where their high tolerance of salt enables them to avoid competition from larger, but less salt-tolerant plants; they also occur in alpine habitats in mountains and tundra. Scurvy-grass was extensively eaten in the past by sailors suffering from scurvy after returning from long voyages, as the leaves are rich in vitamin C, which cures this deficiency disease resulting from a lack of fresh vegetables in the diet. The leaves, which have a strong peppery taste similar to the related horseradish and watercress, are also sometimes used in salads. scurvy-grass plant WIKIPEDIA:Cochlearia http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8761 GRIN:11010 ITIS:22816 MANSFELD:23616 PLANTS:COOF4 http://eol.org/pages/584102 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2945 scurvy-grass spoonwort Cochlearia officinalis L. cochlearia officinalis scurvygrass spoonwort Cochlearia officinalis pumpkin-seed http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:593 FAO ASFIS:LEJ ITIS:168144 http://eol.org/pages/995125 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4029 pumpkinseed pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) lepomis gibbosus Lepomis gibbosus skilfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ESZ ITIS:167125 http://eol.org/pages/994967 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1807 Erilepis zonifer Erilepis zonifer (Lockington, 1880) erilepis zonifer Erilepis zonifer kahawai http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:675 FAO ASFIS:ASA ITIS:168827 http://eol.org/pages/204113 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2237 Australian salmon Arripis trutta Arripis trutta (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Arripis trutta (Forster, 1801) Arripis trutta (Schneider, 1801) arripis trutta australian salmon Arripis trutta Citrus giant gourami http://langual.org CEC 1993:1034 FAO ASFIS:FGG ITIS:638762 http://eol.org/pages/206862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3942 giant gourami Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801 Osphronemus goramy Lacépède, 1801 osphronemus goramy Osphronemus goramy Bembrops pacific jack mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:664 FAO ASFIS:PJM ITIS:168586 http://eol.org/pages/210305 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3954 Pacific jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855) trachurus symmetricus Trachurus symmetricus green-back horse mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:657 FAO ASFIS:HMG ITIS:168596 http://eol.org/pages/210303 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3956 greenback horse mackerel Trachurus declivis Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841 ) Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841) greenback scad trachurus declivis Trachurus declivis The yellowtail horse mackerel, *Trachurus novaezelandiae*, is a jack in the family *Carangidae* found around Australia and New Zealand at depths of up to 500 m. Its length is up to 50 cm. The yellowtail horse mackerel is very similar to the greenback horse mackerel but has 68 to 73 lateral line scutes, compared with 76 to 82 for the greenback horse mackerel. yellowtail horse mackerel WIKIPEDIA:Trachurus_novaezelandiae http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:337003 FAO ASFIS:TUZ ITIS:642029 http://eol.org/pages/206046 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4300 yellowtail horse mackerel Trachurus novaezelandiae Trachurus novaezelandiae (Richardson 1843) Trachurus novaezelandiae Richardson, 1843 trachurus novaezelandiae Trachurus novaezelandiae john's snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJH ITIS:168885 http://eol.org/pages/215845 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2313 John's snapper Lutjanus johnii Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) blackspot snapper lutjanus johnii plainscaled snapper thailand snapper Lutjanus johnii blue king crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KCI ITIS:97936 http://eol.org/pages/1021293 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2210 blue king crab Paralithodes platypus Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850 paralithodes platypus Paralithodes platypus kuruma prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1206 FAO ASFIS:KUP ITIS:551588 http://eol.org/pages/1022155 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3494 Marsupenaeus japonicus Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888) Penaeus japonicus Bate, 1888 japanese tiger shrimp kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus penaeus canaliculatus japonicus penaeus japonicus Penaeus japonicus Serraninae pintadilla http://langual.org CEC 1993:849 FAO ASFIS:HAW ITIS:645626 http://eol.org/pages/1004126 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3993 Cheilodactylus variegatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833) Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833 Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833 cheilodactylus variegatus Cheilodactylus variegatus spotted ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJM ITIS:160883 http://eol.org/pages/211505 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4091 spotted ray Raja montagui Fowler, 1910 homelyn ray raja montagui Raja montagui Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes eucaryotes eukaryotes Eukaryota Bovinae The bowhead whale (*Balaena mysticetus*) is a baleen whale of the right whale family *Balaenidae*, in suborder *Mysticeti* and genus *Balaena*. It lives entirely in fertile Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, unlike other whales that migrate to feed or reproduce to low latitude waters. It was also known as Greenland right whale or Arctic whale. American whalemen called it the steeple-top, polar whale, or Russia or Russian whale. bowhead whale WIKIPEDIA:Balaena_mysticetus http://langual.org CEC 1993:1468 FAO ASFIS:BMY ITIS:180533 MSW3:14300005 http://eol.org/pages/328577 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4488 Greenland right whale bowhead bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758 arctic right whale balaena mysticetus black right whale bowhead whale great polar whale greenland right whale Balaena mysticetus european sardine http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:187 FAO ASFIS:PIL ITIS:161813 http://eol.org/pages/213922 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1853 sardine Sardina pilchardus Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) european pilchard european sardine sardina pilchardus sardine Sardina pilchardus gudgeon http://langual.org CEC 1993:327 FAO ASFIS:GOG ITIS:163658 http://eol.org/pages/207392 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2705 gudgeon Gobio gobio (Berg 1949) Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) gobio gobio Gobio gobio Micropterus The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a carnivorous freshwater gamefish in the Centrarchidae (sunfish) family. largemouth bass American Fisheries Society http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:595 FAO ASFIS:MPS ITIS:168160 http://eol.org/pages/223475 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2182 Florida bass Florida largemouth Green trout Micropterus salmoides Oswego bass Potter's fish bigmouth bass black bass bucketmouth gilsdorf bass green bass large mouth bass largemouth bass largemouth blackbass largies northern largemouth southern largemouth widemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802) Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1801) black bass micropterus salmoides Micropterus salmoides tench http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:358 FAO ASFIS:FTE ITIS:163348 http://eol.org/pages/210300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1906 tench Tinca tinca Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) tinca tinca Tinca tinca snake mackerels Gempylidae cutlassfishes Trichiuridae sanddab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1125 FAO ASFIS:DAB ITIS:172881 http://eol.org/pages/993992 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2649 common dab dab Limanda limanda Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758) Limanda limanda Linnaeus, 1758 common dab dab dab, common limanda limanda Limanda limanda Coregonus searobins Triglidae hawksbill turtle http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:TTH ITIS:173836 http://eol.org/pages/455968 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3466 hawksbill sea turtle hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) carey eretmochelys imbricata eretmochelys imbricate hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata iceland scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1345 FAO ASFIS:ISC ITIS:79619 http://eol.org/pages/449763 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1947 Chlamys islandica Chlamys islandica (Muller, 1776) Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776) chlamys islandica Chlamys islandica allis shad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:153 FAO ASFIS:ASD ITIS:161708 http://eol.org/pages/225607 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3863 allis shad Alosa alosa Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) alewife allice shad alosa alosa alosa vulgaris clupea alosa rock herring Alosa alosa Myoida white-mouth croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CKM ITIS:169285 http://eol.org/pages/213345 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3910 whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) micropoginias furnieri Micropogonias furnieri Menticirrhus southern kingfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:724 FAO ASFIS:KGB ITIS:169274 http://eol.org/pages/994838 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3901 Carolina whiting king whiting southern kingcroaker southern kingfish Menticirrhus americanus Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) menticirrhus americanus Menticirrhus americanus gulf kingfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:725 FAO ASFIS:KGG ITIS:169275 http://eol.org/pages/994839 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3902 Gulf kingcroaker Gulf kingfish Gulf whiting channel mullet Menticirrhus littoralis Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook 1855) Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847) Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1855) gulf kingcroaker menticirrhus littoralis Menticirrhus littoralis Squaliformes Sander sauger http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:611 FAO ASFIS:SZC ITIS:650171 http://eol.org/pages/211301 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1670 sauger Sander canadensis Sander canadensis (Griffith & Smith 1834) Sander canadensis (Griffith and Smith, 1834) Stizostedion canadense (Smith, 1836) canadian pike stizostedion canadense Sander canadensis Damion Dooley pike perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:612 FAO ASFIS:FPP ITIS:650172 http://eol.org/pages/222787 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1399 pike-perch pike-perch pikeperch sander lucioperca stizostedion lucioperca Sander lucioperca Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) Sander lucioperca A freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the Northern United States. walleye pike http://langual.org CEC 1993:613 FAO ASFIS:STV ITIS:650173 http://eol.org/pages/211303 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1398 sander vitreus stizostedion vitreum stizostedion vitreum vitreum walleye walleye yellow pike Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818) Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill, 1818) Sander vitreus paradise apple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11052 GRIN:23261 ITIS:25262 PLANTS:MAPU http://eol.org/pages/629943 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3346 paradise apple ping guo Malus pumila Mill. Malus pumila P. Mill. malus pumila malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana malus sylvestris var. niedzwetskyana malus sylvestris var. paradisiaca Malus pumila spinycheek crayfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1269 FAO ASFIS:ORL ITIS:97423 http://eol.org/pages/344149 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4141 spinycheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) orconectes limosus Faxonius limosus Sardinops chilean pilchard http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:198 FAO ASFIS:CHP ITIS:161729 http://eol.org/pages/338628 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2192 South American pilchard pacific sardine peruvian sardine sardinops sagax sardinops sagax sagax south american sardine Sardinops sagax Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) Sardinops sagax de Buen, 1958 Sardinops sagax Aroideae malanga ocumo pomtajer tania yautia yautia blanco Xanthosoma sagittifolium rat-tail anchovy http://langual.org CEC 1993:210 FAO ASFIS:RAA ITIS:551439 http://eol.org/pages/357148 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3834 Osbeck's grenadier anchovy phoenix-tailed anchovy Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758) coilia mystus osbeck's grenadier anchovy Coilia mystus Alcidae black guillemot http://langual.org ITIS:176985 http://eol.org/pages/1049817 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3508 Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus, 1758) cepphus grylle guillemot Cepphus grylle Fratercula The Atlantic Puffin (*Fratercula arctica*) is a seabird species in the auk family. It is a pelagic bird that feeds primarily by diving for fish, but also eats other sea creatures, such as squid and crustaceans. Its most obvious characteristic during the breeding season is its brightly coloured bill. Also known as the Common Puffin, it is the only puffin species which is found in the Atlantic Ocean. The curious appearance of the bird, with its large colourful bill and its striking piebald plumage, has given rise to nicknames such as '"clown of the ocean" and "sea parrot". atlantic puffin WIKIPEDIA:Atlantic_Puffin http://langual.org ITIS:177025 http://eol.org/pages/1049938 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4294 Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) fratercula arctica Fratercula arctica The Horned Puffin (*Fratercula corniculata*) is an auk, similar in appearance to the Atlantic Puffin; this bird's bill is yellow at the base and red at the tip. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often with other auks. horned puffin WIKIPEDIA:Horned_Puffin http://langual.org ITIS:177029 http://eol.org/pages/1049960 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4295 Fratercula corniculata (Naumann, 1821) fratercula corniculata Fratercula corniculata common snook http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:555 FAO ASFIS:SNO ITIS:167648 http://eol.org/pages/205157 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1825 common snook Centropomus undecimalis Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792) centropomus undecimalis Centropomus undecimalis armoured lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFT ITIS:552932 http://eol.org/pages/324950 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3588 Metanephrops armatus Chan & Yu, 1991 Metanephrops armatus Chan and Yu, 1991 metanephrops armatus Metanephrops armatus european beech plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9762 GRIN:16557 ITIS:502590 PLANTS:FASY http://eol.org/pages/1143547 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4248 European beech Fagus sylvatica L. fagus sylvatica LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *EUROPEAN BEECH [B4248]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Fagus sylvatica carambola tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7883 GRIN:6158 ITIS:506371 MANSFELD:11132 PLANTS:AVCA http://eol.org/pages/483574 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1686 Averrhoa carambola L. averrhoa carambola star fruit tree Averrhoa carambola *Semecarpus anacardium* is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.It is known as bhallatak in India and was called "marking nut" by Europeans, because it was used by washermen to mark cloth and clothing before washing, as it imparted a water insoluble mark to the cloth. It is also known as ker beeja in Kannada and bibba in Marathi. oriental cashew plant WIKIPEDIA:Semecarpus_anacardium http://langual.org GRIN:33598 ITIS:506459 PLANTS:SEAN7 http://eol.org/pages/483492 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2517 Semecarpus anacardium L. f. markingnut tree semecarpus anacardium Semecarpus anacardium blue shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PNS ITIS:551681 http://eol.org/pages/1021452 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2233 blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874) Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson 1874 litopenaeus stylirostris pacific blue shrimp penaeus stylirostris Penaeus stylirostris pacific snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LWP FDA RFE 2010:32 ITIS:168897 http://eol.org/pages/221882 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2149 Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922) Lutjanus peru (Nichols and Murphy, 1922) lutjanus peru pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru brown rock shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1239 FAO ASFIS:RSH ITIS:96028 http://eol.org/pages/342178 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1098 Sicyonia brevirostris Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1871 Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1874 sicyonia brevirostris Sicyonia brevirostris The polar bear (*Ursus maritimus*) is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size. Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet. polar bear WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_maritimus http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:BPL ITIS:180542 MSW3:14000987 http://eol.org/pages/328580 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4469 polar bear white bear Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774 ursus maritimus Ursus maritimus shiba shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1195 FAO ASFIS:SHI ITIS:95829 http://eol.org/pages/343596 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3622 Metapenaeus joyneri (Miers, 1880) metapenaeus joyneri Metapenaeus joyneri Paullinia paulinia plant http://langual.org GRIN:27035 ITIS:28694 PLANTS:PAPI4 http://eol.org/pages/595739 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2813 timbo Paullinia pinnata L. barbasco bread and cheese paullinia pinnata Paullinia pinnata milkfish and others Gonorynchiformes milkfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:226 FAO ASFIS:MIL FDA RFE 2010:11 ITIS:162838 http://eol.org/pages/224731 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1909 milkfish Chanos chanos Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775) Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) chanos chanos Chanos chanos nile perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:558 FAO ASFIS:NIP ITIS:167670 http://eol.org/pages/204767 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1935 Nile perch Lates niloticus Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) lake victoria perch lates niloticus Lates niloticus spotted chub mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:971 FAO ASFIS:MAA ITIS:172415 http://eol.org/pages/206783 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1926 blue mackerel slimy mackerel southern mackerel spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus Scomber australasicus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832 Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1831 Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832 scomber antarcticus scomber australasicus scomber tapeinocephalus Scomber australasicus european smelt http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:268 FAO ASFIS:SME ITIS:162039 http://eol.org/pages/204828 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3498 European smelt Osmerus eperlanus Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Osmerus eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758 osmerus eperlanus Osmerus eperlanus Micropogonias atlantic croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:730 FAO ASFIS:CKA ITIS:169283 http://eol.org/pages/994841 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1795 Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) croaker, atlantic micropogonias undulatus Micropogonias undulatus mediterranean mussel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1361 FAO ASFIS:MSM ITIS:79456 http://eol.org/pages/449961 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3655 Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 mytilus galloprovincialis Mytilus galloprovincialis The Pacific oyster, Japanese oyster, or Miyagi oyster (*Magallana gigas*) (previously *Crassostrea gigas*), is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia. It has become an introduced species in North America, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_oyster] pacific giant oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1331 FAO ASFIS:OYG ITIS:79868 http://eol.org/pages/451579 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1979 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) crassostrea angulata crassostrea gigas magallana gigas pacific cupped oyster pacific oyster portuguese cupped oyster portuguese oyster Crassostrea gigas queen conch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:COO ITIS:72558 http://eol.org/pages/455238 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3668 pink conch queen conch Strombus gigas Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758 strombus gigas Strombus gigas grass shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PVV ITIS:96391 http://eol.org/pages/1021526 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2480 Palaemonetes vulgaris Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say, 1818) common american prawn common grass shrimp marsh grass shrimp marsh shrimp palaemonetes vulgaris Palaemon vulgaris Pennyroyal refers to two plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*. The European pennyroyal, *Mentha pulegium*, (also called Squaw Mint, Mosquito Plant, and Pudding Grass), is a plant in the mint genus, within the family *Lamiaceae*. Crushed Pennyroyal leaves exhibit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint. Pennyroyal is a traditional culinary herb, folk remedy, and abortifacient. The essential oil of pennyroyal is used in aromatherapy, and is also high in pulegone, a highly toxic volatile organic compound affecting liver and uterine function. european pennyroyal plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11152 GRIN:24079 ITIS:32270 PLANTS:MEPU http://eol.org/pages/579696 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4341 pennyroyoal Mentha pulegium L. mentha pulegium pennyroyal Mentha pulegium weathervane scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SCG ITIS:79757 http://eol.org/pages/449725 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4384 Patinopecten caurinus Patinopecten caurinus (Gould 1850) Patinopecten caurinus (Gould, 1850) patinopecten caurinus Patinopecten caurinus *Phyllanthus emblica* (syn. *Emblica officinalis*), the Indian gooseberry ... is a deciduous tree of the family *Phyllanthaceae*. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name. indian gooseberry tree WIKIPEDIA:Phyllanthus_emblica http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11883 GRIN:28119 ITIS:504352 PLANTS:PHEM2 http://eol.org/pages/1153040 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4530 Indian-gooseberry amla emblic Phyllanthus emblica L. aonla emblic emblic myrobalan indian-gooseberry phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthus emblica yellow guinea yam plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:14189 ITIS:506485 MANSFELD:18799 PLANTS:DICA25 http://eol.org/pages/1121127 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3399 Lagos yam twelve-months yam yellow Guinea yam yellow yam Dioscorea cayenensis Lam. twelve-months yam yellow yam Dioscorea cayennensis Spearmint (binomial *Mentha spicata*, synonym *Mentha viridis*), also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of mint native to much of Europe and Asia (Middle East, Himalayas, China etc.), and naturalized in parts of northern and western Africa, North America, and South America, as well as various oceanic islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearmint] spearmint plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11154 GRIN:24082 ITIS:32272 MANSFELD:16164 PLANTS:MESP3 http://eol.org/pages/579697 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1434 spearmint Mentha spicata L. Mentha spicata L. emend L. mentha spicata mentha viridis Mentha spicata arugula plant http://langual.org 2021-02-10T23:17:07Z DPNL 2003:9597 GRIN:15697 MANSFELD:24173 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2474 arugula garden rocket Eruca sativa Mill. Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) Thellung arugula eruca sativa eruca vesicaria sativa rocket-salad rugula Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa wine grape Vitis vinifera mango plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11082 GRIN:23351 ITIS:28803 MANSFELD:28253 PLANTS:MAIN3 http://eol.org/pages/582270 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1270 mango Mangifera indica L. indian mango mangifera indica Mangifera indica cart-track plant common plantain white-man's-foot Plantago major kegani crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HBZ ITIS:98665 http://eol.org/pages/128603 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1961 Erimacrus isenbeckii Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt, 1848) erimacrus isenbeckii hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii Cancroidea dungeness crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1275 FAO ASFIS:DUN ITIS:98675 http://eol.org/pages/328221 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1180 Dungeness crab Cancer magister Cancer magister Dana, 1852 cancer magister Metacarcinus magister *Canarium album* produces a fruit - sometimes called an "olive" or "white olive", but no relation to Olea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium_album] chinese white olive plant http://langual.org GRIN:8810 ITIS:506411 PLANTS:CAAL31 http://eol.org/pages/483517 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4529 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5028 Chinese white-olive Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. Canarium album (Lour.) Rausch. canarium album Canarium album narrowfruit cornsalad plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13750 GRIN:316856 ITIS:35390 PLANTS:VADE3 http://eol.org/pages/467518 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4328 Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich valerianella dentata Valerianella dentata A small, well-branched tree or shrub from the family Annonaceae that bears edible fruits called sugar-apples or sweetsops. It tolerates a tropical lowland climate better than its relatives Annona reticulata and Annona cherimola, helping make it the most widely cultivated of these species. Damion Dooley sweetsop plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7540 GRIN:3503 ITIS:18100 MANSFELD:28762 PLANTS:ANSQ http://eol.org/pages/1054831 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1477 annona squamosa ata custard-apple seet sop sugar apple sugar-apple sweetsop Annona squamosa L. Annona squamosa pond apple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7537 GRIN:3484 ITIS:18101 MANSFELD:28730 PLANTS:ANGL4 http://eol.org/pages/1054891 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2939 alligator-apple palo boboInOwlInOwl pond-apple Annona glabra L. Annona glabra Annona reticulata is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the plant family Annonaceae, native to south and central america. It is best known for its fruit, called custard apple, a common name it shares with fruits of several other species in the same genus. custard apple tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7539 GRIN:3498 ITIS:18099 MANSFELD:28755 PLANTS:ANRE http://eol.org/pages/1054845 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1689 anona corazon bullock's-heart maman Annona reticulata L. annona reticulata bullock's heart corazon jamaica apple Annona reticulata Mytilinae A large fish found predominantly in the Southern Ocean, but found in northern hemisphere waters during certain times of the year. yellowtail http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:651 FAO ASFIS:YTC FDA RFE 2010:81 ITIS:168695 http://eol.org/pages/206800 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1534 california yellowtail great amberjack seriola lalandei yellowtail amberjack yellowtail amberjack yellowtail fish yellowtail jack Seriola lalandei Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833 Seriola lalandi Ranoidea bandtail puffer http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:173300 http://eol.org/pages/215481 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2271 bandtail puffer Sphoeroides spengleri Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785) sphoeroides spengleri Sphoeroides spengleri sandsmelt http://langual.org CEC 1993:543 FAO ASFIS:ATP ITIS:166025 http://eol.org/pages/340190 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3822 sand smelt Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829 atherina presbyter Atherina presbyter carribean reef shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:160336 http://eol.org/pages/845614 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3530 Caribbean reef shark reef shark Carcharhinus perezii Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876) carcharhinus perezii Carcharhinus perezii night shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CCS ITIS:160413 http://eol.org/pages/203973 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3528 night shark Carcharhinus signatus Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868) carcharhinus signatus Carcharhinus signatus atlantic angel shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SUD ITIS:160787 http://eol.org/pages/206815 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3520 sand devil Squatina dumeril Squatina dumeril Lesueur, 1818 atlantic angelshark monkfish nurse fish sand devil squatina dumeril Squatina dumeril The tomatillo (*Physalis philadelphica*), also known as the Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical and green or green-purple fruit of the same name. mexican ground cherry plant http://langual.org GRIN:102411 ITIS:504374 PLANTS:PHPH2 http://eol.org/pages/4437 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2015 Mexican groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Lam. jamberry mexican groundcherry mexican husk tomato physalis ixocarpa physalis philadelphica tomatillo Physalis philadelphica The obscure snakehead, *Parachanna obscura*, is a medium-sized carnivorous fish that has an elongated shape tapered on both ends and is covered in medium circular scales (cycloid). The head, resembling a snake, is long and depressed anteriorly and covered with cycloid scales slightly larger than those scales on the body. This species is found in central Africa along the western coastline from as far north as Senegal to as far south as Zaire and into central Africa into southwest Sudan. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscure_snakehead] snakehead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:642606 http://eol.org/pages/204348 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2308 Parachanna obscura Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861) ophicephalus obscurus parachanna obscura snake-head Parachanna obscura shearwaters and petrels Procellariidae Fulmarus The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant sea bird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Fulmars come in one of two color morphs: a light one which is almost entirely white, and a dark one which is uniformly gray. Though similar in appearance to gulls, fulmars are in fact members of the *Procellariidae* family, which include petrels and shearwaters. It and the southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialodes*) together comprise the only extant species in the genus Fulmarus. northern fulmar WIKIPEDIA:Northern_fulmar http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FNO ITIS:174536 http://eol.org/pages/1047350 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4566 Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761) arctic fulmar fulmarus glacialis Fulmarus glacialis hardnose skates Rajidae ground sharks Carcharhiniformes leopard shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:56 FAO ASFIS:LES ITIS:160448 http://eol.org/pages/218711 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4111 leopard shark Triakis semifasciata Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1854 Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855 triakis semifasciata Triakis semifasciata Lamniformes sand tiger shark http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:CCT ITIS:159888 http://eol.org/pages/206680 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2718 sand tiger sand tiger shark Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 carcharias taurus odontaspis taurus sand shark Carcharias taurus The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired humped domestic bovine found in Tibet and throughout the Himalayan region of south central Asia. In Tibetan, the word yak refers only to the male of the species; a female is a dri or nak. In English, however, yak is usually used for both sexes. Wild yaks (Bos mutus) stand about two meters tall at the shoulder. Domestic yaks are about half that height. Both types have long shaggy hair to insulate them from the cold. Wild yaks can be either brown or black. Domesticated ones can also be white. Both males and females have horns. The word Yak is also used to describe an irritating or disagreeable individual. yak WIKIPEDIA:Yak http://langual.org ITIS:183840 MSW3:14200680 http://eol.org/pages/328700 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3365 domestic yak yak Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766 bos grunniens grunting ox Bos grunniens fallow deer http://langual.org ITIS:552472 MSW3:14200389 http://eol.org/pages/313992 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4159 Texas fallow deer Texas fallow deers fallow deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) Dama dama Linnaeus, 1758 dama dama Dama dama Little Millet (*Panicum sumatrense*, Syn.: *Panicum miliare* auct. non Lam.) is a species of millet in the family *Poaceae*. little millet plant WIKIPEDIA:Panicum_sumatrense http://langual.org GRIN:103520 ITIS:506649 PLANTS:PASU34 http://eol.org/pages/1115581 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4318 Panicum sumatrense Roth Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roemer & Schultes panicum sumatrense Panicum sumatrense brownspotted rockcod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EFH ITIS:643197 http://eol.org/pages/224316 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2694 brown spotted reef cod brownspotted grouper Epinephelus chlorostigma Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) epinephelus chlorostigma Epinephelus chlorostigma wild custard apple plant http://langual.org GRIN:3501 ITIS:506201 PLANTS:ANSE16 http://eol.org/pages/1054183 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2762 wild custard-apple Annona senegalensis Pers. annona chrysophylla annona porpetac annona senegalensis annona senegalensis var. latifolia annona senegalensis var. porpetac wild bullock's heart wild soursop Annona senegalensis california bay shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GQF ITIS:97114 http://eol.org/pages/1021223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3637 California bay shrimp Crangon franciscorum Crangon franciscorum Stimpson, 1856 california shrimp crangon franciscorum Crangon franciscorum Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Cyprinoidei morid cod morid cods Moridae *Opuntia polyacantha* is a common species of cactus known by the common names plains pricklypear, hairspine cactus, panhandle pricklypear, and starvation pricklypear. It is native to North America, where it is widespread in western Canada, the central and western United States, and northern Mexico. plains pricklypear plant WIKIPEDIA:Opuntia_polyacantha http://langual.org GRIN:314437 ITIS:19726 PLANTS:OPPO http://eol.org/pages/592880 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4492 hairspine cactus opuntia polyacantha panhandle pricklypear plains prickly pear plains pricklypear starvation prickle starvation pricklypear Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Opuntia polyacantha striped shore crab http://langual.org ITIS:99048 http://eol.org/pages/317367 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2221 Pachygrapsus crassipes J. W. Randall, 1840 lined shore crab pachygrapsus crassipes Pachygrapsus crassipes bonnetmouths grunts Haemulidae fusiliers snappers Lutjanidae goatfishes Mullidae croakers drums Sciaenidae sea basses Serranidae snakeheads Channidae threadfins Polynemidae chinese banyan plant http://langual.org GRIN:429040 ITIS:565194 PLANTS:FITH2 http://eol.org/pages/20701892 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2824 Ficus thonningii Blume ficus bongoensis ficus dekdekena ficus sassandrensis ficus spragueana ficus thonning ficus thonningii small figtree Ficus thonningii Pleuronectoidei Hippoglossoides flathead sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1117 FAO ASFIS:FTS ITIS:172875 http://eol.org/pages/206714 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1871 flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert, 1880 hippoglossoides elassodon sole, flathead Hippoglossoides elassodon soles Soleidae capelin http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:266 FAO ASFIS:CAP ITIS:162035 http://eol.org/pages/205084 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1903 capelin Mallotus villosus Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776) mallotus villosus Mallotus villosus cutthroat trout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:249 FAO ASFIS:ONC ITIS:161983 http://eol.org/pages/212910 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2869 cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson 1836) Oncorhynchus clarkii Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836) Salmo clarki Richardson, 1836 oncorhynchus clarki salmo clarki Oncorhynchus clarkii sablefishes Anoplopomatidae Pangasianodon mekong giant catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PNG ITIS:681698 http://eol.org/pages/848907 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3686 Mekong giant catfish giant catfish Pangasius gigas Pangasius gigas (Chevey, 1931) giant catfish pangasius gigas Pangasianodon gigas sea catfishes Ariidae pufferfishes and others Tetraodontiformes Tetraodontoidei molas Molidae sutchi catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PGS ITIS:639954 http://eol.org/pages/570181 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3685 Sutchi catfish Thailand catfish iridescent shark-catfish striped catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) pangasius hypophthalmus striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus dories and others Zeiformes oreos Oreosomatidae Argopecten bay scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1344 FAO ASFIS:SCB ITIS:79737 http://eol.org/pages/451516 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2459 bay scallop Argopecten irradians Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819) argopecten irradians Argopecten irradians common periwinkle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PEE ITIS:70419 http://eol.org/pages/619396 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2717 Littorina littorea Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) littorina littorea periwinkle, common Littorina littorea Laurasiatheria Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires Rodents and rabbits Glires black ruff http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1030 FAO ASFIS:CEO ITIS:172520 http://eol.org/pages/205156 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2895 blackfish Centrolophus niger Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788) Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) centrolophus niger Centrolophus niger Seriolella white warehou http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:SEU ITIS:642977 http://eol.org/pages/217245 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2894 white warehou Seriolella caerulea Guichenot, 1848 seriolella caerulea Seriolella caerulea blue warehou http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SEM ITIS:172531 http://eol.org/pages/1012799 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2304 common warehou Seriolella brama Seriolella brama (Günther, 1860) seriolella brama travelle Seriolella brama silverfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SEP ITIS:172534 http://eol.org/pages/1012800 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2488 silver warehou Seriolella punctata Seriolella punctata (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Seriolella punctata (Forster, 1801) polysteganus argyrosomus seriolella maculata seriolella punctata silver warehou Seriolella punctata Nematalosa pink spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1255 FAO ASFIS:PSL ITIS:552966 http://eol.org/pages/324107 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3613 Palinurus mauritanicus Palinurus mauritanicus Gruvel, 1911 palinurus mauritanicus Palinurus mauritanicus amarillo snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:681 FAO ASFIS:HUS ITIS:168851 http://eol.org/pages/221723 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1801 yellow snapper Lutjanus argentiventris Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869) lutjanus argentiventris snapper, amarillo Lutjanus argentiventris oxeye oreo http://langual.org ITIS:625294 http://eol.org/pages/222462 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4078 Allocyttus folletti Myers, 1960 allocyttus folletti Allocyttus folletti basketweave cusk-eel http://langual.org ITIS:164856 http://eol.org/pages/205861 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3884 basketweave cusk-eel Ophidion scrippsae (Hubbs, 1916) ophidion scrippsae Ophidion scrippsae california halibut http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:YSF ITIS:172743 http://eol.org/pages/217375 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1882 California flounder Paralichthys californicus Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859) halibut, california paralichthys californicus Paralichthys californicus shortfin corvina http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:YNP ITIS:169251 http://eol.org/pages/1012533 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2153 shortfin weakfish Cynoscion parvipinnis Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres 1861 Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres, 1861 cynoscion parvipinnis Cynoscion parvipinnis white croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:721 FAO ASFIS:KIC ITIS:169257 http://eol.org/pages/222012 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2281 white croaker Genyonemus lineatus Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855) croaker, white genyonemus lineatus Genyonemus lineatus california corbina http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MED ITIS:169280 http://eol.org/pages/995161 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1933 California corbina California kingcroaker Menticirrhus undulatus Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard 1854) Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard, 1854) menticirrhus undulatus Menticirrhus undulatus slender tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SLT ITIS:172460 http://eol.org/pages/224134 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2891 slender tuna Allothunnus fallai Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948 allothunnus fallai Allothunnus fallai bighead goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1046 ITIS:172071 http://eol.org/pages/356813 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3935 bighead goby Neogobius kessleri (Günther, 1861) neogobius kessleri Ponticola kessleri japanese spanish mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:985 FAO ASFIS:NPH ITIS:172446 http://eol.org/pages/205207 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3983 Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832) Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1831) Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832) scomberomorus niphonius Scomberomorus niphonius strawberry raspberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12669 GRIN:32354 ITIS:504856 PLANTS:RUIL http://eol.org/pages/239134 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4269 Rubus illecebrosus Focke rubus illecebrosus Rubus sorbifolius The pecan, *Carya illinoinensis*, is a species of hickory, native to south-central North America, in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracruz, in the United States from southern Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Indiana east to western Kentucky, southwestern Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and western Tennessee, south through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Florida, and west into New Mexico. "Pecan" is from an Algonquian word, meaning a nut requiring a stone to crack. In Mexico, pecans and walnuts share the same Spanish name, nuez, which is a cognate of the English word nut. pecan tree WIKIPEDIA:Pecan http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8402 GRIN:9253 ITIS:19234 MANSFELD:11946 PLANTS:CAIL2 http://eol.org/pages/594985 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1320 pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch carya illinoinensis carya pecan pecan nut LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupaceous nut) index both *PECAN [B1320]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms). Carya illinoinensis loquat plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9581 GRIN:15602 ITIS:502403 MANSFELD:8991 PLANTS:ERJA3 http://eol.org/pages/628975 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1244 loquat ErioboInOwltrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. erioboInOwltrya japonica japanese medlar japanese plum (erioboInOwltrya) Eriobotrya japonica lesser yam plant http://langual.org GRIN:14204 ITIS:502073 MANSFELD:18717 PLANTS:DIES2 http://eol.org/pages/1121044 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3327 Asiatic yam gan shu lesser yam Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill asiatic yam chinese sweet potato chinese yam dioscorea esculenta Dioscorea esculenta teleost fishes Teleostei Ostariophysi Elopomorpha Tetrapoda tetrapods tetrapods Tetrapoda Amniota amniotes amniotes Amniota diapsids Sauria mexican flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:172776 http://eol.org/pages/206641 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2285 Mexican flounder Cyclopsetta chittendeni Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895 cyclopsetta chittendeni Cyclopsetta chittendeni ginkgo tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10032 GRIN:17540 ITIS:183269 PLANTS:GIBI2 http://eol.org/pages/1156278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1260 ginkgo ginkgo biloba maidenhair tree Ginkgo biloba L. LanguaL curation note: When indexing the ginkgo fruit (nut) index both *GINGKO [B1260]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Ginkgo biloba A Rocotillo pepper (*Capsicum baccatum*) is a type of chile pepper that originated in Peru. Unripe rocotillos are green or yellow, but the color at maturity varies. Common colors are red, orange or brown. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocotillo_pepper] rocotillo pepper plant http://langual.org GRIN:8907 ITIS:510075 PLANTS:CABA29 http://eol.org/pages/8761714 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2562 Capsicum baccatum L. bishop's crown capsicum baccatum pepper, rocotillo Capsicum baccatum chinese lantern plant http://langual.org GRIN:102387 ITIS:30589 MANSFELD:5594 PLANTS:PHAL5 http://eol.org/pages/581063 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2955 Chinese-lantern Japanese lantern winter-cherry Physalis alkekengi L. Alkekengi officinarum Cress (*Lepidium sativum*), sometimes referred to as garden cress to distinguish it from similar plants also referred to as cress (from old Germanic cresso which means sharp, spicy), is a rather fast-growing, edible herb. Garden cress is genetically related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma. In some regions, garden cress is known as mustard and cress, garden pepper cress, pepperwort, pepper grass, or poor man's pepper.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_cress] garden cress plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10762 GRIN:21769 ITIS:22978 MANSFELD:23709 PLANTS:LESA2 http://eol.org/pages/585527 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2270 Lepidium sativum L. garden pepper cress lepidium sativum peppergrass pepperwort poor man's pepper Lepidium sativum *Papaver rhoeas* is a species of flowering plant in the family *Papaveraceae*. It has a variety of common names, including the Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Flanders Poppy, or Red Poppy, one of the many species and genera named poppy. The four petals are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. Its seed is a moderately useful commodity, used in bread dough, for example, and to decorate bread. The red petals are used to make syrups and alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks. Red poppy syrup is a traditional beverage of Mediterranean regions. [Wikipedia] corn poppy plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11623 GRIN:26703 ITIS:18893 PLANTS:PARH2 http://eol.org/pages/596241 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3709 Flanders poppy field poppy Papaver rhoeas L. common poppy coquelicot field poppy flanders poppy papaver rhoeas shirley poppy Papaver rhoeas *Phaseolus acutifolius*, the Tepary bean, is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico and has been grown there by the native peoples since pre-Columbian times. It is more drought-resistant than the common bean (*Phaseolus vulgaris*) and is grown in desert and semi-desert conditions from Arizona through Mexico to Costa Rica.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_acutifolius] tepary plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:27549 ITIS:26840 PLANTS:PHAC PLANTS:PHACA2 PLANTS:PHACL PLANTS:PHACT http://eol.org/pages/640456 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3402 tepary bean Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. acutifolius Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. tenuifolius A. Gray Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, var. latifolius Freem. escomite pavi pawi phaseolus acutifolius tepari yori mui yori muni yorimuni Phaseolus acutifolius Pinidae Opisthokonta Opisthokonta Bilateria Bilateria Protostomia Taraxacum kok-saghyz roseapple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13408 GRIN:50070 ITIS:505420 MANSFELD:12364 PLANTS:SYJA http://eol.org/pages/2508661 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2020 Malabar-plum jambos rose-apple Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston eugenia jambos jaman jambos jamrosade jamrose malabar plum pomarosa syzygium jambos Syzygium jambos Pinus pinea has been cultivated extensively for at least 6,000 years for the edible pine nuts. These have been trade items since early historic times. This cultivation throughout the Mediterranean region for so long that it has naturalized and is often considered native beyond its natural range. stone pine tree WIKIPEDIA:Stone_pine http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11981 GRIN:28527 ITIS:506604 MANSFELD:10031 PLANTS:PIPI7 http://eol.org/pages/999491 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1596 italian stone pine parasol pine pignolia-nut pine stone pine Pinus pinea L. pignolia pine nut pino nut pinon pinon nut pinus pinea umbrella pine LanguaL curation note: When indexing the stone pine fruit (seed) index both *STONE PINE [B1596]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms). Pinus pinea antarctic cutlerfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BWA ITIS:172514 http://eol.org/pages/219609 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2671 Antarctic butterfish Hyperoglyphe antarctica Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1819) hyperoglyphe antarctica Hyperoglyphe antarctica short mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:963 FAO ASFIS:RAB ITIS:172463 http://eol.org/pages/208603 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3976 short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1850) Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) rastrelliger brachysoma Rastrelliger brachysoma australian bonito http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:967 FAO ASFIS:BAU ITIS:202018 http://eol.org/pages/208606 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3972 Australian bonito Sarda australis Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880) Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881) sarda australis Sarda australis silver moonfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MOU ITIS:169467 http://eol.org/pages/206099 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1995 silver moony Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) monodactylus argenteus Monodactylus argenteus southern meagre http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:354001 CEC 1993:708 FAO ASFIS:KOB ITIS:646511 http://eol.org/pages/213034 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4308 Madagascar meagre Argyrosomus hololepidotus Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1801) Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacépède, 1801) Argyrosomus hololepidotus Lacépède, 1802 madagascar meagre Argyrosomus hololepidotus yellow croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CRY FDA RFE 2010:26 ITIS:646548 http://eol.org/pages/210576 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2487 yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877) larimichthys polyactis little yellow croaker pseudosciaena manchurica redlip croaker Larimichthys polyactis african weakfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:710 FAO ASFIS:AWE ITIS:169389 http://eol.org/pages/203945 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3907 geelbeck croaker Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830) Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830) atractoscion aequidens atractoscion atelodus Atractoscion aequidens groper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:578 FAO ASFIS:WHA ITIS:167915 http://eol.org/pages/205262 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1989 Polyprion oxygeneios Polyprion oxygeneios (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider & Forster, 1801) Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) polyprion oxygeneios Polyprion oxygeneios bluefin searobin http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1069 FAO ASFIS:KUG ITIS:167052 http://eol.org/pages/211548 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2249 bluefin gurnard red gurnard Chelidonichthys kumu Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829) Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson, 1829) chelidonichthys kumu Chelidonichthys kumu red rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:166844 http://eol.org/pages/216476 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2900 New Zealand red rock cod New Zealand scorpionfish red rock cod red scorpion-cod Scorpaena cardinalis Scorpaena cardinalis Solander and Richardson in Richardson, 1842 scorpaena cardinalis Scorpaena cardinalis Etmopterus leaf-scale gulper shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:58 FAO ASFIS:GUQ ITIS:160635 http://eol.org/pages/223207 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4114 leafscale gulper shark Centrophorus squamosus Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre 1788) Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) catshark centrophorus squamosus Centrophorus squamosus spotted estuary smooth-hound http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MTL ITIS:160258 http://eol.org/pages/2775242 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3513 spotted estuary smooth-hound Mustelus lenticulatus Mustelus lenticulatus Phillipps, 1932 lemonfish mustelus lenticulatus rig Mustelus lenticulatus shortnose spurdog http://langual.org CEC 1993:66 FAO ASFIS:DOP ITIS:160628 http://eol.org/pages/215099 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4118 Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881) squalus megalops Squalus megalops deuterostomes Deuterostomia The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (*Balaenoptera bonaerensis*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whale. Although first scientifically described in the mid-19th century, it wasn't recognized as a distinct species until the 1990s. Once ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it is now one of the mainstays of the whaling industry alongside its cosmopolitan counterpart the common minke. It is the most abundant baleen whale in the world, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. It is primarily restricted to the Southern Hemisphere (although vagrants have been reported in the North Atlantic) and feeds mainly on euphausiids. antarctic minke whale WIKIPEDIA:Antarctic_minke_whale http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:BFW ITIS:612592 MSW3:14300013 http://eol.org/pages/1053500 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4573 Antarctic minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867 balaenoptera bonaerensis southern minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis angiosperms flowering plants Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Magnoliales spanish plum plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13279 GRIN:35337 ITIS:28817 MANSFELD:28353 PLANTS:SPPU http://eol.org/pages/582278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2964 jocote ovo purple mombin red mombin Spondias purpurea L. hog-plum purple mombin red mombin spondias purpurea Spondias purpurea Round lime (*Citrus australis*), also known as Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree of a height of up to 12m. It grows in the Beenleigh area, Queensland, Australia. australian round lime plant WIKIPEDIA:Round_lime http://langual.org GRIN:24248 ITIS:506394 PLANTS:MIAU5 http://eol.org/pages/483562 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4304 Australian lime dooja Microcitrus australis (A. Cunn. ex Mudie) Swingle Microcitrus australis (Planch.) Swingle Microcitrus australis (Planchon) Swingle australian lime citrus australis microcitrus australis native lime Citrus australis *Aloe vera* is a species of succulent plant that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from *Aloe vera* are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties. Aloe vera is a plant species of the genus Aloe. barbados aloe plant WIKIPEDIA:Aloe_vera https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7384 GRIN:311403 ITIS:182653 PLANTS:ALVE2 http://eol.org/pages/1085598 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2348 Barbados aloe acibar aloe-vera babosa Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Aloë vera (L.) Burm. fil. aloe barbadensis aloe vera aloë vera Aloe vera Peppermint (*Mentha × piperita*, also known as *Mentha balsamea* Wild.) is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppermint] peppermint plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11157 GRIN:24078 ITIS:32275 MANSFELD:16122 PLANTS:MEPI http://eol.org/pages/579698 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1449 peppermint Mentha X piperita L. (pro. sp.) Mentha x piperita L. Mentha ×piperita L. (pro sp.) mentha piperita mentha x piperita Mentha x piperita garden orach plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7860 GRIN:6017 ITIS:20538 MANSFELD:553 PLANTS:ATHO http://eol.org/pages/586486 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2751 Atriplex hortensis L. atriplex hortensis mountain spinach orach Atriplex hortensis levant cotton plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10082 GRIN:17915 ITIS:506096 MANSFELD:13708 http://eol.org/pages/483662 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3738 Arabian cotton Gossypium herbaceum L. arabian cotton gossypium herbaceum maltese cotton short-staple cotton syrian cotton Gossypium herbaceum Laurales laurel family Lauraceae avocado Persea americana marsh marigold plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8266 GRIN:8657 ITIS:18454 PLANTS:CAPA5 http://eol.org/pages/596646 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3414 Caltha palustris L. caltha palustris cowflock cowslip Caltha palustris calico clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KSM ITIS:81578 http://eol.org/pages/440075 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2319 Macrocallista maculata Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) macrocallista maculata Macrocallista maculata Oegopsina *Katharina tunicata* (Wood, 1815) is commonly known as the Black Katy chiton, Black Leather chiton, Black chiton, or Leather chiton. Capable of growing up to 12 cm, the animal is generally described as being football-shaped with a black leathery girdle in which are embedded eight protective plates. The parts of the plates that are visible are sometimes (but not always) diamond-shaped in outline. The underside of the animal is dull orange or yellow. black katy chiton WIKIPEDIA:Katharina_tunicata http://langual.org ITIS:78979 http://eol.org/pages/450283 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4477 black chiton Katharina tunicata (W. Wood, 1815) black chiton black leather chiton gumboots katharina tunicata leather chiton leathery chiton Katharina tunicata Papaver opium poppy plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11624 GRIN:406377 ITIS:18894 PLANTS:PASO2 http://eol.org/pages/594796 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3710 opium poppy opium poppy papaver somniferum Papaver somniferum L. Papaver somniferum *Senna obtusifolia *(Chinese senna, American sicklepod or sicklepod) is a legume in the genus Senna, sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Diallobus. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places. The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called "kawal" which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute. The plant's seeds are a commercial source of cassia gum, a food additive usually used as a thickener and named for the Chinese Senna's former placement in the genus Cassia. Roasted and ground, the seeds have also been used as a substitute for coffee. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_obtusifolia] java-bean plant http://langual.org GRIN:100044 ITIS:505165 PLANTS:SEOB4 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4190 Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby senna obtusifolia Senna obtusifolia Alosa american shad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:159 FAO ASFIS:SHA ITIS:161702 http://eol.org/pages/205467 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1147 American shad Alosa sapidissima Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811) alosa sapidissima Alosa sapidissima alewife http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:158 FAO ASFIS:ALE ITIS:161706 http://eol.org/pages/205466 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1402 alewife Alosa pseudoharengus Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811) alosa pseudoharengus pomolobus pseudoharengus river herring Alosa pseudoharengus giant stargazer http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:STZ ITIS:171064 http://eol.org/pages/220079 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2877 Kathetostoma giganteum Kathetostoma giganteum Haast, 1873 kathetostoma giganteum Kathetostoma giganteum The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish. Damion Dooley dolphinfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:673 FAO ASFIS:DOL FDA RFE 2010:13 ITIS:168791 http://eol.org/pages/356300 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1917 common dolphinfish coryphaena hippurus dolphin fish dorado mahi mahi mahi mahi mahi fish Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 Coryphaena hippurus Morone striped bass American Fisheries Society http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:590 FAO ASFIS:STB ITIS:167680 http://eol.org/pages/211032 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2181 striped bass striped sea-bass Morone saxatilis Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) morone saxatilis Morone saxatilis american plaice http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1118 FAO ASFIS:PLA ITIS:172877 http://eol.org/pages/211041 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1862 American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) hippoglossoides platessoides plaice, american Hippoglossoides platessoides Glyptocephalus gray sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1114 FAO ASFIS:WIT FDA RFE 2010:19 ITIS:172873 http://eol.org/pages/216879 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1867 greysole witch Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) glyptocephalus cynoglossus sole, gray witch flounder Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Sebastes hemp plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8322 GRIN:8862 ITIS:19109 PLANTS:CASA3 http://eol.org/pages/594919 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2323 Cannabis sativa L. cannabis sativa marihuana plant Cannabis sativa mediterranean ling http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:455 FAO ASFIS:BVM ITIS:623033 http://eol.org/pages/220820 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3875 Molva dipterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810) Molva macrophthalma Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque 1810) Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810) molva dipterygia macrophthalma molva macrophthalma spanish ling Molva macrophthalma chamois http://langual.org ITIS:625159 http://eol.org/pages/331073 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2698 chamois Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) rupicapra rupicapra Rupicapra rupicapra mulberry family Moraceae large-bottom pollan http://langual.org CEC 1993:234 FAO ASFIS:CIQ ITIS:161936 http://eol.org/pages/994758 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4055 broad whitefish broad whitefish coregonus nasus Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776) Coregonus nasus houting http://langual.org CEC 1993:235 FAO ASFIS:HOU ITIS:161955 http://eol.org/pages/994186 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4056 houting Coregonus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) coregonus oxyrinchus Coregonus oxyrinchus Cervinae Artocarpus The Steller sea lion (*Eumetopias jubatus*) also known as the northern sea lion and Steller's sea lion, is a near threatened species of sea lion in the northern Pacific. steller sea lion WIKIPEDIA:Eumetopias_jubatus http://langual.org CEC 1993:1424 FAO ASFIS:SSL ITIS:180625 MSW3:14001011 http://eol.org/pages/328617 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4497 Steller sea lion northern sea lion Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber 1776) Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776) Eumetopias jubatus Schreber, 1776 eumetopias jubatus northern sea lion Eumetopias jubatus The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae). jackfruit tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7743 GRIN:70095 ITIS:184183 MANSFELD:12606 PLANTS:ARHE2 http://eol.org/pages/596411 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1545 jack tree jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. artocarpus heterophyllus artocarpus integrifolius Artocarpus heterophyllus Prunus avium x cerasus x canescens Prunus avium x P. cerasus x P. canescens Ficus fig trees figs Ficus <eudicots> australian anchovy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:213 ITIS:161834 http://eol.org/pages/205026 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3835 Australian anchovy Engraulis australis Engraulis australis (Shaw, 1790) Engraulis australis (White, 1790) engraulis australis Engraulis australis fig plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9805 GRIN:16801 ITIS:19093 MANSFELD:12757 PLANTS:FICA http://eol.org/pages/594632 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1302 common fig Ficus carica L. common fig edible fig ficus carica Ficus carica african striped grunt http://langual.org CEC 1993:700 FAO ASFIS:GRA ITIS:630262 http://eol.org/pages/221261 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3948 African striped grunt Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes 1833) Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833) Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes, 1833) parapristipoma octolineatum Parapristipoma octolineatum Plectorhinchus Pseudocaranx white trevally http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:644 FAO ASFIS:TRZ ITIS:168641 http://eol.org/pages/211642 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2238 hard-tail jack Pseudocaranx dentex Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) pseudocaranx dentex Pseudocaranx dentex atlantic pomfret http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:671 FAO ASFIS:POA ITIS:170290 http://eol.org/pages/203869 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1929 Atlantic pomfret Brama brama Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) black sea bream brama brama brama raji bream, black sea pomfret, atlantic ray's bream Brama brama angola dentex http://langual.org CEC 1993:762 FAO ASFIS:DEA ITIS:647934 http://eol.org/pages/206644 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4000 Angola dentex Dentex angolensis Poll & Maul, 1953 Dentex angolensis Poll and Maul, 1953 dentex angolensis Dentex angolensis bigeye cardinalfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:603 FAO ASFIS:EPI ITIS:168298 http://eol.org/pages/994787 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2885 black cardinal fish Epigonus telescopus Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810) epigonus telescopus Epigonus telescopus Morus mulberries mulberry trees Morus <eudicots> white mulberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11260 GRIN:24607 ITIS:19066 MANSFELD:12894 PLANTS:MOAL http://eol.org/pages/594885 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2954 white mulberry Morus alba L. morus alba Morus alba nettle family Urticaceae Stinging nettle or common nettle, *Urtica dioica*, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant, native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, and is the best-known member of the nettle genus *Urtica*. The plant has many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on its leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals. The plant has a long history of use as a medicine and as a food source. nettle plant WIKIPEDIA:Urtica_dioica http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13725 GRIN:40944 ITIS:19152 MANSFELD:7662 PLANTS:URDI http://eol.org/pages/595063 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1674 great nettle stinging nettle Urtica dioica L. stinging nettle urtica spp. Urtica dioica Fagales beech family Fagaceae Caryophyllales Pecora scup http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:800 FAO ASFIS:SCP ITIS:169182 http://eol.org/pages/212966 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2399 scup Stenotomus chrysops Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus, 1766) stenotomus chrysops Stenotomus chrysops Chenopodium *Chenopodium album* is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus *Chenopodium*. Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot and fat-hen, though the latter two are also applied to other species of the genus Chenopodium, for which reason it is often distinguished as white goosefoot.It is sometimes also called pigweed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_album] lamb's quarter plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8593 GRIN:10178 ITIS:20592 PLANTS:CHAL7 http://eol.org/pages/587522 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1681 lamb's quarter lamb's-quarters lambsquarters pigweed white goosefoot Chenopodium album L. chenopodium album fat-hen goosefoot, white melde pigweed white goosefoot Chenopodium album *Salsola soda*, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle, or Barilla Plant, is a small (to 0.7 m tall), annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin. It is a halophyte (a salt-tolerant plant) that typically grows in coastal regions and can be irrigated with salt water. The Italian name agretti is commonly used in English to refer to the edible leaves of *Salsola soda*. agretti plant WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_soda http://langual.org GRIN:32815 ITIS:504989 PLANTS:SASO3 http://eol.org/pages/485330 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4330 su da zhu mao cai Salsola soda L. barilla plant opposite leaved saltwort oppositeleaf russian thistle salsola soda Salsola soda A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems. spinach plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13251 GRIN:35256 ITIS:20709 MANSFELD:485 PLANTS:SPOL http://eol.org/pages/582002 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1420 Spinacea oleracea spinach Spinacia oleracea L. spinacia oleracea Spinacia oleracea *Allium fistulosum*, the Welsh onion, is a species of perennial plant very similar in taste and odor to the related common onion, *Allium cepa*, and hybrids between the two (tree onions) exist. A. fistulosum, however, does not develop bulbs, and possesses hollow leaves (fistulosum means "hollow") and scapes. Larger varieties of the *A. fistulosum* resemble the leek, such as the Japanese negi, whilst smaller varieties resemble chives. *A. fistulosum* can multiply by forming perennial evergreen clumps. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_fistulosum] Damion Dooley welsh onion plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7316 GRIN:2276 ITIS:185463 MANSFELD:126 PLANTS:ALFI4 http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2418 Japanese bunching onion Japanese bunching onion plant Welsh onion allium fistulosum bunching onion plant japanese bunching onion plant long green onion plant scallion plant spanish onion plant spring onion plant Allium fistulosum L. Allium fistulosum malabar nightshade plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7927 GRIN:6531 ITIS:192210 MANSFELD:25776 PLANTS:BAAL2 http://eol.org/pages/594519 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1150 Ceylon spinach Ceylon-spinach basella alba buffalo spinach ceylon spinach climbing spinach creeping spinach indian spinach malabar spinach red vine spinach vine spinach Basella alba L. Basella alba BEP clade BOP clade cactus family Cactaceae Vitis onderdonk grape plant http://langual.org GRIN:311851 ITIS:28607 PLANTS:VIAE http://eol.org/pages/582343 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2124 Vitis aestivalis Michx. onderdonk grape summer grape vitis aestivalis Vitis aestivalis painted sweetlips http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:PKP ITIS:630214 http://eol.org/pages/210376 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2566 trout sweetlips Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936) Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1936) diagramma pictum mother-in-law fish plectorhinchus pictus plectorhynchus pictus thicklip bream Plectorhinchus pictus urugavian lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MFS ITIS:552940 http://eol.org/pages/324944 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3597 Metanephrops rubellus Metanephrops rubellus (Moreira, 1903) metanephrops rubellus urugayian lobster Metanephrops rubellus red-banded lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MFH ITIS:552944 http://eol.org/pages/344964 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3601 Metanephrops thomsoni Metanephrops thomsoni (Bate, 1888) metanephrops thomsoni Metanephrops thomsoni tuberculate abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1313 FAO ASFIS:HLT ITIS:69508 http://eol.org/pages/620404 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3535 green ormer Haliotis tuberculata Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 haliotis tuberculata tube abalone Haliotis tuberculata buckwheat family Polygonaceae buckwheat plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9759 GRIN:16528 ITIS:502589 MANSFELD:9680 PLANTS:FAES2 http://eol.org/pages/487699 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1405 common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench fagopyrum esculentum fagopyrum sagittatum Fagopyrum esculentum Rumex vendace http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:227 FAO ASFIS:FVE ITIS:161963 http://eol.org/pages/223193 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2369 vendace Coregonus albula Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758) coregonus albula Coregonus albula lake herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:229 FAO ASFIS:CIS ITIS:623384 http://eol.org/pages/225402 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1118 cisco Coregonus artedi Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818 Coregonus artedii Lesueur, 1818 chub cisco coregonus artedii lake cisco lakefish tullibee Coregonus artedi Thymallus grayling http://langual.org CEC 1993:262 FAO ASFIS:TLV ITIS:162022 http://eol.org/pages/204590 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2711 grayling Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) thymallus thymallus Thymallus thymallus Rheum Rhubarb (*Rheum rhabarbarum*) is a species of plant in the family *Polygonaceae*. In culinary use, fresh raw leaf stalks (petioles) are crisp (similar to celery, although they do not share the same family) with a strong, tart taste. Although rhubarb is not a true fruit, in the kitchen it is usually prepared as if it were. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarb] garden rhubarb plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12484 GRIN:311395 ITIS:504747 PLANTS:RHRH2 http://eol.org/pages/485576 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4228 garden rhubarb rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum L. rheum rhabarbarum Rheum rhabarbarum Trachurus Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus bogue http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:757 FAO ASFIS:BOG ITIS:169218 http://eol.org/pages/203866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3370 bogue Boops boops Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) boops boops Boops boops kiwifruit plant (A. chinensis) http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7132 GRIN:1405 GRIN:420036 ITIS:506775 MANSFELD:26714 PLANTS:ACCH5 http://eol.org/pages/392751 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1664 Actinidia chinensis Planch. Actinidia chinensis Planchon Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis actinidia chinensis actinidia sinensis chinese gooseberry strawberry peach Actinidia chinensis *Senna tora *(originally described by Linnaeus as *Cassia tora*) is a dicot legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The whole plant as well as specific parts such as roots, leaves and seeds have been widely used in traditional Indian and South Asian medicine. The plant and seeds are edible. wild senna plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_tora http://langual.org GRIN:313456 ITIS:505182 PLANTS:SETO4 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4191 Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Cassia tora chakvad coffee pod foetid cassia senna tora sickle pod sickle senna sickle wild sensitive-plant thakara tora tovara Senna tora mallow family Malvaceae Gossypium upland cotton plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10083 GRIN:17917 ITIS:21711 MANSFELD:13760 PLANTS:GOHI http://eol.org/pages/584705 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3739 American cotton American upland cotton cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. american cotton american upland cotton bourbon cotton cotton gossypium hirsutum Gossypium hirsutum Apiineae The Brazil nut (*Bertholletia excelsa*) is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seed. While cooks classify the Brazil nut as a nut, botanists consider it to be a seed and not a nut, because in nuts the shell splits in half with the meat separate from the shell. brazil nut plant WIKIPEDIA:Bertholletia_excelsa http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8003 GRIN:7022 ITIS:21989 MANSFELD:14900 PLANTS:BEEX2 http://eol.org/pages/321258 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1463 Brazil nut Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. bertholletia excelsa brazilnut cream nut para nut LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit of the brazil nut (seed) index both *BRAZIL NUT [B1463]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Bertholletia excelsa Malpighiales papaya plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8382 GRIN:9147 ITIS:22324 MANSFELD:23437 PLANTS:CAPA23 http://eol.org/pages/585682 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1249 mamon papaya Carica papaya L. carica papaya hawaiian papaya lechoza melon tree pawpaw Carica papaya cucumber family Cucurbitaceae japanese sardinella http://langual.org CEC 1993:193 FAO ASFIS:JSS ITIS:551460 http://eol.org/pages/204826 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3860 Japanese sardinella Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854) sardinella zunasi Sardinella zunasi Engraulinae wild melon Citrullus lanatus Cucumis spot pangasius http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PGJ ITIS:681703 http://eol.org/pages/220771 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3687 spot pangasius Pangasius larnaudii Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866 pangasius larnaudii Pangasius larnaudii giant pangasius http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PNW ITIS:201966 http://eol.org/pages/212455 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3690 Chao Phraya giant catfish Paroon shark giant pangasius Pangasius sanitwongsei Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931 pangasius sanitwongsei Pangasius sanitwongsei Muskmelon (*Cucumis melo*) is a species of melon that has been developed into many cultivated varieties. These include smooth skinned varieties such as honeydew, crenshaw and casaba, and different netted cultivars (cantaloupe, Persian melon and Santa Claus or Christmas melon). http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9041 GRIN:12566 ITIS:22362 MANSFELD:3670 PLANTS:CUME http://eol.org/pages/584424 Oriental melon muskmelon Cucumis melo L. Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin Cucumis melo apricot Prunus armeniaca The rowans or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae. european rowan plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13207 GRIN:310534 ITIS:25320 MANSFELD:8932 PLANTS:SOAU http://eol.org/pages/241042 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2746 European mountain ash european mountain-ash quickbeam rowan rowan sorbus aucuparia Sorbus aucuparia L. Sorbus aucuparia marrows pumpkins squashes Cucurbita The fruit is a component of a cider-like drink which is still made in parts of Europe. Picked straight off the tree it tastes highly unpleasant. service tree WIKIPEDIA:Service_tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13211 GRIN:35018 ITIS:505296 MANSFELD:8924 PLANTS:SODO5 http://eol.org/pages/636879 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2963 Sorbus domestica L. sorbus domestica Cormus domestica The quince (*Cydonia oblonga *) is the sole member of the genus *Cydonia* in the family *Rosaceae *(which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits). It is a deciduous tree that bears a pome fruit, similar in appearance to a pear, and bright golden-yellow when mature. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quince] common quince plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9099 GRIN:12779 ITIS:25159 MANSFELD:8647 PLANTS:CYOB2 http://eol.org/pages/245489 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4219 quince wen po Cydonia oblonga Mill. Cydonia oblonga P. Mill. cydonia oblonga Cydonia oblonga A type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the bottom. When ripe, it turns increasingly deep orange, and becomes sweeter and richer. butternut squash plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9051 GRIN:12601 ITIS:22370 MANSFELD:4090 PLANTS:CUMO http://eol.org/pages/584408 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2509 Canada pumpkin ayote butternut pumpkin crookneck pumpkin crookneck winter squash cucurbita moschata cucurbita moschata var. butternut cushaw squash gramma lacayote Cucurbita moschata Duch. Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Cucurbita moschata http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9052 GRIN:12606 ITIS:22373 PLANTS:CUPE Cucurbita pepo L. Cucurbita pepo Luffa *Luffa aegyptiaca* is a species of Luffa. Commonly known as Smooth Luffa, Egyptian Luffa, sometimes under the obsolete name *Luffa cylindrica* and frequently misspelled *Luffa aegyptica*, it is cultivated and grown for its fruit. The fruit resembles a cucumber. Young fruit can be eaten as a vegetable while ripe fruits can be used to make bath sponges. sponge gourd plant WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_aegyptiaca http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10955 GRIN:22788 ITIS:503570 PLANTS:LUAE http://eol.org/pages/487006 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1721 dishcloth gourd loofa smooth loofah sponge gourd vegetable sponge Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Luffa aegyptiaca P. Mill. dishcloth gourd dishrag gourd loofah luffa luffa aegyptiaca luffa cylindrica rag gourd smooth loofah towel gourd vegetable sponge Luffa aegyptiaca *Momordica charantia*, known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, bitter squash, or balsam-pear, is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family *Cucurbitaceae*, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia] bitter melon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11229 GRIN:24520 ITIS:22399 PLANTS:MOCH2 http://eol.org/pages/584304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1101 balsam pear bitter gourd bitter melon Momordica charantia L. balsam pear bitter cucumber bitter gourd fu gwa la-kwa momordica charantia Momordica charantia passionflowers Passiflora giant granadilla plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11666 GRIN:27001 ITIS:22243 PLANTS:PAQU3 http://eol.org/pages/581884 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2785 giant granadilla granadilla Passiflora quadrangularis L. passiflora macrocarpa passiflora quadrangularis passiflora quadrangularis var. variegata Passiflora quadrangularis willow family Salicaceae sydney cupped oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1341 FAO ASFIS:CSC ITIS:79893 http://eol.org/pages/449497 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3674 small rock oyster Saccostrea cuccullata Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778) crassostrea commercialis saccostrea cuccullata Saccostrea cucullata Brassicales southern blue whiting http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:452 FAO ASFIS:POS ITIS:164775 http://eol.org/pages/338209 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1836 southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis Micromesistius australis Norman, 1937 micromesistius australis whiting, southern blue Micromesistius australis mustard family Brassicaceae Mullus blunt snouted mullet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:808 FAO ASFIS:MUT ITIS:169419 http://eol.org/pages/1156454 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3918 red mullet striped mullet Mullus barbatus Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 bluntsnouted mullet mullus barbatus striped goatfish Mullus barbatus Brassica The Sooty Shearwater (*Puffinus griseus*) is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family *Procellariidae*. In New Zealand it is also known by its Maori name titi and as "muttonbird", like its relatives the Wedge-tailed Shearwater *(P. pacificus*) and the Australian Short-tailed Shearwater (*P. tenuirostris*). sooty shearwater WIKIPEDIA:Sooty_Shearwater http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:PFG ITIS:174553 http://eol.org/pages/1047364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4297 Sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789) muttonbird puffinus griseus titi Ardenna grisea sharptail shortfin squid http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:IXO ITIS:82524 http://eol.org/pages/451354 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3697 Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu & Mangold 1969 Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu and Mangold, 1969 illex oxygonius Illex cf. oxygonius DBC-2006 Indian mustard brown mustard Brassica juncea black mustard plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8100 GRIN:7666 ITIS:23061 MANSFELD:24109 PLANTS:BRNI http://eol.org/pages/583895 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1127 black mustard Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch brassica nigra mustard, black Brassica nigra http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8120 DPNL 2003:8121 field mustard Brassica rapa L. Brassica rapa L. var. rapa Brassica rapa Kale or borecole is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group), green or purple, in which the central leaves do not form a head. Damion Dooley http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8103 DPNL 2003:8105 DPNL 2003:8110 DPNL 2003:8113 DPNL 2003:8114 DPNL 2003:8115 GRIN:311416 GRIN:319629 GRIN:319632 GRIN:7668 GRIN:7670 GRIN:7672 ITIS:23062 MANSFELD:23907 http://eol.org/pages/583899 Brassica oleracea L. wild cabbage Brassica oleracea L. var. conica DC. borecole brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica "It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables including broccoli, cauliflower, collard greens, and brussels sprouts. The cultivar group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically." - Wikipedia Brassica oleracea gai lan plant 2020-11-16T22:53:29Z Brassica alboglabra L.H. Bailey Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (L.H.Bailey) Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil Chinese broccoli Chinese kale brassica oleracea var. alboglabra chinese broccoli chinese broccoli plant chinese kale plant Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata cape verde spiny lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:NRH ITIS:552963 http://eol.org/pages/324109 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3612 Palinurus charlestoni Forest & Postel, 1964 Palinurus charlestoni Forest and Postel, 1964 palinurus charlestoni Palinurus charlestoni The muskox (*Ovibos moschatus*, also spelled musk ox and musk-ox) is an Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives. muskox WIKIPEDIA:Muskox http://langual.org ITIS:180708 MSW3:14200813 http://eol.org/pages/328656 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4562 musk ox musk-ox muskox Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780) Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann, 1780 musk ox musk-ox ovibos moschatus Ovibos moschatus The Velvet Scoter (*Melanitta fusca*), also called a Velvet Duck or whitewing (not to be confused with the white-winged scoter), is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and Asia west of the Yenisey basin. A small, isolated population nests in eastern Turkey. The East Siberian and North American White-winged Scoter is sometimes considered conspecific with the Velvet Scoter, and its two constituent subspecies are then known as *M. f. stejnegeri* and *M. f. deglandi*. Velvet and White-winged Scoter, along with the Surf Scoter, are placed in the subgenus *Melanitta*, distinct from the subgenus *Oidemia*, Black and Common Scoters. velvet scoter http://langual.org ITIS:175163 http://eol.org/pages/1048996 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4480 Velvet duck velvet scoter white-winged scoter whitewing Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus, 1758) melanitta fusca Melanitta fusca dove http://langual.org ITIS:676899 http://eol.org/pages/1064947 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1203 band-tailed pigeon Patagioenas fasciata (Say, 1823) band-tailed dove columba fasciata patagioenas fasciata Patagioenas fasciata An annual plant of the family *Brassicaceae*. Grown for its seeds, mustard, as fodder crop or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region. white mustard plant WIKIPEDIA:White_mustard http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13121 GRIN:33963 ITIS:23309 MANSFELD:24142 PLANTS:SIAL5 http://eol.org/pages/583812 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1148 Brassica alba Brassica hirta bai jie white mustard white mustard yellow mustard yellow mustard Sinapis alba L. Sinapis alba korean seerfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:980 FAO ASFIS:KOS ITIS:172443 http://eol.org/pages/205204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3979 Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915) Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915) ES carite coreano scomberomorus koreanus Scomberomorus koreanus juan fernandez trevally http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:SXC ITIS:621128 http://eol.org/pages/213914 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3971 Juan Fernandez trevally Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) pseudocaranx chilensis Pseudocaranx chilensis Sisymbrium buntan pomelo pummelo shaddock yu Citrus maxima sapodilla family Sapotaceae A long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. sapodilla plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11086 GRIN:102614 ITIS:23823 MANSFELD:6578 PLANTS:MAZA http://eol.org/pages/1154544 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1693 achras sapota chicle chicle tree chicozapote chikoo manilkara zapota naseberry nispero nispero tree sapodilla sapodilla sapota sapote Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen Manilkara zapota miracle fruit http://langual.org GRIN:36056 ITIS:505958 PLANTS:SYDU http://eol.org/pages/1149984 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2030 miracle fruit sweet berry Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.) Daniell Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumacher & Thonn.) Daniell synsepalum dulcificum Synsepalum dulcificum Rosales rose family Rosaceae Fragaria garden strawberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9868 GRIN:244 ITIS:24630 MANSFELD:8618 PLANTS:FRAN http://eol.org/pages/245515 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3336 strawberry Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne (pro sp.) Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.) cultivated strawberry fragaria x ananassa Fragaria x ananassa texas persimmon plant http://langual.org GRIN:14325 ITIS:23854 PLANTS:DITE3 http://eol.org/pages/583558 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4240 chapote Diospyros texana Scheele chapote diospyros texana mexican persimmon Diospyros texana Malus apple apple tree cultivated apple Malus domestica A small tree (2–6 m tall) in the Myrtaceae (myrtle) family. Damion Dooley strawberry guava plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12334 GRIN:30200 GRIN:312939 GRIN:312940 GRIN:312942 ITIS:27239 ITIS:530947 PLANTS:PSCA http://eol.org/pages/2508592 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1649 Cattley guava cherry guava psidium cattleianum strawberry guava Psidium cattleianum Sabine Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg Psidium cattleianum f. lucidum O. Deg. Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Sabine Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg Psidium cattleyanum Prunus A species of tree native to Iran and surrounding countries but widely cultivated elsewhere, which produces drupe fruit containing almond seed. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12276 DPNL 2003:12277 GRIN:29890 ITIS:24775 almond sweet almond Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. amara (DC.) Buchheim Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. dulcis Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber Prunus dulcis A species of Prunus (Prunus persica) native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit called a peach or nectarine. peach tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12289 GRIN:30065 ITIS:24765 MANSFELD:9402 PLANTS:PRPE3 PLANTS:PRPEP2 http://eol.org/pages/631649 peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica Cultivated peaches are divided into clingstones and freestones, depending on whether the flesh sticks to the stone or not; both can have either white or yellow flesh. Prunus persica european oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1337 FAO ASFIS:OYF ITIS:79885 http://eol.org/pages/449502 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3672 Colchester native oyster European flat oyster edible oyster mud oyster Ostrea edulis Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 edible oyster european flat oyster ostrea edulis Ostrea edulis Rosa mangrove cupped oyster http://langual.org CEC 1993:1332 FAO ASFIS:OYM ITIS:79881 http://eol.org/pages/449549 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3673 Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding crassostrea rhizophorae pacific cupped oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae grapefruit Citrus x paradisi pears Pyrus patagonian smooth-hound http://langual.org CEC 1993:53 FAO ASFIS:SDP ITIS:160265 http://eol.org/pages/988268 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4105 narrownose smooth-hound Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1940 mustelus schmitti Mustelus schmitti pyrus pyrifolia http://langual.org GRIN:104692 GRIN:30569 ITIS:25296 MANSFELD:8735 PLANTS:PYPY2 http://eol.org/pages/631563 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1523 asian pear tree chinese pear tree japanese pear tree nashi pear tree nashi tree oriental pear tree sand pear tree sha li Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. fil.) Nakai Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai Pyrus pyrifolia duck barnacle http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ESF ITIS:89561 http://eol.org/pages/1020694 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3553 Lepas anatifera Linnaeus 1767 Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758 lepas anatifera Lepas anatifera Ostrea Lepas Caniformia Ribes smooth venus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:567356 http://eol.org/pages/592405 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3640 Chionista fluctifraga Chionista fluctifraga (G. B. Sowerby II, 1853) chionista fluctifraga Chionista fluctifraga pea family Fabaceae Caesalpinioideae Indian corn Zea mays subsp. sacharata Zea mays var. sacharata corn maize Zea mays subsp. mays Papilionoideae gulf stone crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:98812 http://eol.org/pages/312903 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3557 Gulf stone crab Menippe adina Menippe adina A. B. Williams and Felder, 1986 menippe adina Menippe adina peanut plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7636 GRIN:3785 ITIS:26463 MANSFELD:29861 PLANTS:ARHY http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1337 goober ground-nut peanut Arachis hypogaea L. arachis hypogaea earthnut groundnut Arachis hypogaea The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae. Since its domestication in the Indian subcontinent at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. pigeon pea plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea http://langual.org GRIN:8319 MANSFELD:27597 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2010 cajanus cajan catjang pea pigeon pea red gram Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth gandules Cajanus cajan Canavalia *Canavalia ensiformis*, or (common) jack bean, is a legume which is used for animal fodder and human nutrition, especially in Brazil where it is called feijão-de-porco ("pig bean"). It is also the source of concanavalin A.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_ensiformis] jack-bean plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8316 GRIN:8827 ITIS:501179 PLANTS:CAEN4 http://eol.org/pages/655303 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3400 horse bean jack bean Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. giant stock-bean gotani bean jack bean seaside-bean sword bean wonder bean Canavalia ensiformis *Canavalia gladiata*, usually called sword bean, is a domesticated plant species in the legume (*Fabaceae*) family.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_gladiata] sword-bean plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8317 GRIN:882 GRIN:8829 ITIS:501181 PLANTS:CAGL15 http://eol.org/pages/655327 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3401 Japanese jack bean sword bean Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. dolichos gladiatus Canavalia gladiata The chickpea or chick pea (*Cicer arietinum*) is a legume of the family *Fabaceae*, subfamily *Faboideae*. Its different types are variously known as gram, or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, as well as the Egyptian pea. Its seeds are high in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes: 7,500-year-old remains have been found in the Middle East.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea] garbanzo bean plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8647 GRIN:10535 ITIS:26537 MANSFELD:30808 PLANTS:CIAR5 http://eol.org/pages/685208 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1172 chickpea garbanzo Cicer arietinum L. bengal gram bean chick bean chick pea cicer arietinum indian gram bean Cicer arietinum The Guar or cluster bean, with the botanical name *Cyamopsis tetragonoloba*, is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. It is also known as Gavar, Guwar, or Guvar bean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guar] guar plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9077 GRIN:12701 ITIS:506245 http://eol.org/pages/646821 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1334 cluster bean guar Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. cluster bean cyamopsis tetragonoloba cyamposis psoralioides Cyamopsis tetragonoloba island mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:964 FAO ASFIS:RAF ITIS:202055 http://eol.org/pages/592581 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3975 island mackerel Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967 rastrelliger faugni Rastrelliger faughni chinese seerfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:991 FAO ASFIS:CHY ITIS:172449 http://eol.org/pages/205210 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3988 Chinese seerfish Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800) Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacépède, 1800) scomberomorus sinensis Scomberomorus sinensis The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh. soybean plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean http://langual.org soya bean soybean DPNL 2003:10065 GRIN:17711 ITIS:26716 MANSFELD:27017 PLANTS:GLMA4 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1452 glycine max soybean soybeans Glycine max (L.) Merr. Glycine max bream http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:298 FAO ASFIS:FBM ITIS:163666 http://eol.org/pages/205715 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1763 bream common bream Abramis brama Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) abramis brama Abramis brama Lathyrus salmon shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:21 FAO ASFIS:LMD ITIS:159910 http://eol.org/pages/209379 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3524 Lamna ditropis Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947 Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett, 1947 lamna ditropis shark, salmon Lamna ditropis Sweet pea (*Lathyrus odoratus*) is a flowering plant in the genus *Lathyrus* in the family *Fabaceae* (legumes), native to the eastern Mediterranean. Unlike the edible pea, there is evidence that seeds of members of the genus *Lathyrus* are toxic if ingested in quantity. A related species, *Lathyrus sativus*, is grown for human consumption but when it forms a major part of the diet it causes symptoms of toxicity called lathyrism. sweet pea plant WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_odoratus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10712 GRIN:21596 ITIS:25864 PLANTS:LAOD http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1487 sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus L. lathyrus odoratus pea, sweet Lathyrus odoratus *Lathyrus sativus*, is a legume (family *Fabaceae*) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. Like other grain legumes, *Lathyrus sativus* produces a high-protein seed. The seeds also contain variable amounts of a neurotoxic amino acid ß-N-Oxalyl-L-a,ß-diaminopropionic acid or ODAP or BOAA. chickling vetch plant WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_sativus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10714 GRIN:21613 ITIS:25877 PLANTS:LASA2 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3356 chickling vetch white pea Lathyrus sativus L. cicerchia grass pea lathyrus sativus white pea Lathyrus sativus chinese alligator http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GTW ITIS:202209 http://eol.org/pages/796028 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3800 Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879 alligator sinensis Alligator sinensis tarry skate http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RJR ITIS:564149 http://eol.org/pages/217212 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4095 thorny skate Amblyraja radiata Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808) Raja radiata Donovan 1808 amblyraja radiata atlantic pricly skate raja radiata thorny skate Amblyraja radiata tortoise shell bamboo plant http://langual.org GRIN:28158 ITIS:565400 MANSFELD:19092 http://eol.org/pages/1115855 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3735 kikko-chiku mhousou moso bamboo mosochiku Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Houz. Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Lehaie Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. moso bamboo phyllostachys edulis pubescent bamboo Phyllostachys edulis The ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) is a tropical vine that grows primarily in tropical climates and is commonly found in the southern Indian states, where it forms a part of the local cuisine. ivy gourd plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2420 coccinea cordifolia coccinea grandis coccinea indica Coccinia grandis florida fighting conch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:72556 http://eol.org/pages/455232 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3665 Strombus alatus Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791 strombus alatus Strombus alatus milk conch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MBQ ITIS:72557 http://eol.org/pages/455239 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3667 Strombus costatus Strombus costatus Gmelin, 1791 strombus costatus Strombus costatus west indian fighting conch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RXU ITIS:72560 http://eol.org/pages/480624 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3670 Strombus pugilis Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758 strombus pugilis Strombus pugilis giant bamboo plant http://langual.org ITIS:506663 MANSFELD:19296 PLANTS:DEAS http://eol.org/pages/1115595 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3731 Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. f.) Backer ex Heyne dendrocalamus asper Dendrocalamus asper Poales Phaseolus lima bean Phaseolus lunatus French bean kidney bean string bean Phaseolus vulgaris *Gentiana lutea* (Great Yellow Gentian) is a species of gentian native to the mountains of central and southern Europe. Other names include 'Yellow Gentian', 'Bitter Root', 'Bitterwort', 'Centiyane', and 'Genciana'. Gentian root has a long history of use as a herbal bitter in the treatment of digestive disorders and is an ingredient of many proprietary medicines. yellow gentian plant WIKIPEDIA:Gentiana_lutea http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9966 GRIN:17392 ITIS:505985 PLANTS:GELU2 http://eol.org/pages/483956 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4335 yellow gentian Gentiana lutea L. gentian, yellow gentiana lutea great yellow gentian Gentiana lutea *Phaseolus coccineus*, known as runner bean, scarlet runner bean, or multiflora bean, is a plant in the legume or *Fabaceae* family. Another common name is butter bean, which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species. Damion Dooley scarlet runner bean plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11803 GRIN:27563 ITIS:26845 MANSFELD:27510 PLANTS:PHCO6 http://eol.org/pages/645287 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2009 butter bean plant multiflora bean plant phaseolus coccineus phaseolus multifloris runner bean plant scarlet bean plant scarlet runner bean Phaseolus coccineus L. Phaseolus coccineus The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit *Pisum sativum*. garden pea plant WIKIPEDIA:Pisum_sativum http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12010 GRIN:300472 ITIS:26867 PLANTS:PISA6 http://eol.org/pages/703192 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3484 dry pea plant english pea plant garden pea garden pea plant pea peas Pisum sativum L. Green "garden" peas, eaten immature and fresh, were an innovative luxury of Early Modern Europe. In England, the distinction between "field peas" and "garden peas" dates from the early 17th century. Pisum sativum The winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is a tropical legume plant native to New Guinea. It grows abundantly in the hot, humid equatorial countries of South and Southeast Asia. winged bean plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_bean http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12340 GRIN:30222 ITIS:506265 PLANTS:PSTE10 http://eol.org/pages/645581 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1726 Goa bean asparagus bean asparagus pea asparagus pea plant dragon bean plant four-angled bean plant four-cornered bean plant goa bean plant manila bean plant psophocarpus tetragonolobus winged bean winged beans Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Vicia broad bean faba bean fava bean Vicia faba *Vicia sativa*, known as the Common Vetch, Tare or simply "the vetch", is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant. Although considered a weed when found growing in a cultivated grainfield, this hardy plant is often grown as green manure or livestock fodder. common vetch plant WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_sativa http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13830 GRIN:300667 ITIS:26355 PLANTS:VISA http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4373 spring vetch tare Vicia sativa L. garden vetch narrowleaf vetch sweetpea (garden vetch) vicia sativa Vicia sativa The harp seal or saddleback seal is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean. harp seal WIKIPEDIA:Harp_seal http://langual.org CEC 1993:1433 ITIS:622022 MSW3:14001057 http://eol.org/pages/1052720 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4564 harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777) Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777 pagophilus groenlandicus saddleback seal Phoca groenlandica The spotted seal (*Phoca largha*, *Phoca vitulina largha*), also known as the larga or largha seal, is a member of the family *Phocidae*, and is considered a "true seal". It inhabits ice floes and waters of the north Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas. spotted seal WIKIPEDIA:Spotted_seal http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:SST ITIS:180642 MSW3:14001059 http://eol.org/pages/328628 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4487 spotted seal Phoca largha (Pallas, 1811) Phoca largha Pallas, 1811 larga seal phoca largha phoca vitulina largha Phoca largha Sphoeroides Vigna The adzuki bean (*Vigna angularis* (English: red mung bean) is an annual vine widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small (approximately 5 mm) bean. The cultivars most familiar in Northeast Asia have a uniform red colour, however, white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties also are known.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzuki_bean] adzuki bean plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13835 GRIN:312022 ITIS:505691 MANSFELD:27404 PLANTS:VIAN7 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1110 adzuki bean azuki bean Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi Vigna angularis var. angularis azuki bean phaseolus angularis red mung bean vigna angularis Vigna angularis *Vigna mungo*, black gram, urad bean, minapa pappu, mungo bean or black matpe bean is a bean grown in the Indian subcontinent. At one time it was considered to belong to the same species as the mung bean. The product sold as *black lentil* is usually the whole urad bean, whereas the split bean (the interior being white) is called *white lentil*. It should not to be confused with the much smaller true black lentil (*Lens culinaris*). black gram bean plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_mungo http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13836 GRIN:41621 ITIS:506273 MANSFELD:27363 PLANTS:VIMU7 http://eol.org/pages/654940 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1588 black gram black lentil matpe bean minapa pappu mungo bean urad urad dal urd urd-bean urdbean vigna mungo Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper phaseolus mungo Vigna mungo cowpea Vigna unguiculata marjorams oreganos Origanum *Vigna aconitifolia* is a drought-resistant legume, commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is commonly called mat bean, moth bean, matki, Turkish gram or dew bean. The pods, sprouts and protein rich seeds of this crop are commonly consumed in India. Moth bean can be grown on many soil types, and can also act as a pasture legume. moth bean plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_aconitifolia http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13834 GRIN:41595 ITIS:506271 PLANTS:VIAC4 http://eol.org/pages/648824 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1920 Turkish gram dew bean mat bean matki moth bean moth-bean Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal phaseolus aconitifolius vigna aconitifolia Vigna aconitifolia Guarana (*Paullinia cupana*, syn. *P. crysan*, *P. sorbilis*) is a climbing plant in the maple family, *Sapindaceae*, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil. Guarana features large leaves and clusters of flowers, and is best known for its fruit, which is about the size of a coffee bean. As a dietary supplement, guarana is an effective stimulant] it contains about twice the caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2 to 4.5% caffeine in guarana seeds compared to 1 to 2% for coffee beans).. guarana plant WIKIPEDIA:Guarana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11678 GRIN:27031 ITIS:506078 MANSFELD:6836 PLANTS:PACU7 http://eol.org/pages/483644 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2063 brazilian cocoa guarana paullinia cupana uabano Paullinia cupana Kunth Paullinia cupana loosestrife family Lythraceae Pulaka (*Cyrtosperma merkusii*), or swamp taro, is a crop grown in Oceania (especially Tuvalu) and an important source of carbohydrates for the area's inhabitants. It is a "swamp crop" similar to taro, but "with bigger leaves and larger, coarser roots." Pulaka roots need to be cooked for hours to reduce toxicity in the corms, but are rich in nutrients, especially calcium. Pulaka is an important part of Tuvalu cultural and culinary tradition, now under threat from rising sea level and displacement from the growing use of imported food products. pulaka plant WIKIPEDIA:Pulaka http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9149 GRIN:12943 ITIS:506754 PLANTS:CYME10 http://eol.org/pages/1094951 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4279 giant swamp taro Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott cyrtosperma merkusii giant swamp taro Cyrtosperma merkusii The bearded seal (*Erignathus barbatus*), also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean. Bearded seals are a primary food source for polar bears and for the Inuit of the Arctic coast. The Inuktitut name for the seal is Ugyuk or Oogrook or Oogruk. bearded seal WIKIPEDIA:Bearded_seal http://langual.org CEC 1993:1430 FAO ASFIS:SEB ITIS:180655 MSW3:14001032 http://eol.org/pages/328631 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4485 bearded seal Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777) Erignathus barbatus Erxleben, 1777 erignathus barbatus oogruk square flipper seal squareflipper ugruk Erignathus barbatus lemon balm plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11140 GRIN:24036 ITIS:32565 MANSFELD:16386 PLANTS:MEOF2 http://eol.org/pages/582374 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2621 common balm sweet balm Melissa officinalis L. balm lemon balm melissa officinalis Melissa officinalis Basil (*Ocimum basilicum*), also called great basil or Saint-Joseph's-wort, is a culinary herb of the family *Lamiaceae* (mints). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil] sweet basil plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11425 GRIN:25478 ITIS:32627 MANSFELD:15478 MANSFELD:15847 PLANTS:OCBA http://eol.org/pages/579364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1158 basil sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. basil ocimum basilicum sweet basil Ocimum basilicum Oregano (*Origanum vulgare*) is a flowering plant in the mint family (*Lamiaceae*). It is native to temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. It is sometimes called wild marjoram, and its close relative, *O. majorana*, is known as sweet marjoram. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregano] oregano plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11507 GRIN:25913 ITIS:32632 MANSFELD:16258 PLANTS:ORVU http://eol.org/pages/579367 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1542 Common oregano oregano Origanum vulgare L. european oregano marjoram, wild oregano, common oregano, european origanum origanum vulgare wild marjoram Origanum vulgare jonah crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1273 FAO ASFIS:CRJ ITIS:98678 http://eol.org/pages/342191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3560 Jonah crab Cancer borealis Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859 cancer borealis Cancer borealis labrador redfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:REN ITIS:166774 http://eol.org/pages/209603 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1768 Acadian redfish Sebastes fasciatus Sebastes fasciatus Storer 1856 Sebastes fasciatus Storer, 1854 redfish, labrador sebastes fasciatus Sebastes fasciatus norway haddock http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SFV ITIS:166779 http://eol.org/pages/209615 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3352 Norway redfish Sebastes viviparus Sebastes viviparus Krøyer, 1845 norway redfish sebastes viviparus Sebastes viviparus *Rumex arcticus*, commonly known as Arctic Dock or Sourdock, is a perennial flowering plant that is native to Alaska. Its leaves are an important part of the diet of native Alaskans such as the Yupik people, who include it in various dishes such as akutaq. arctic dock plant WIKIPEDIA:Rumex_arcticus http://langual.org GRIN:448242 ITIS:20935 PLANTS:RUAR6 http://eol.org/pages/585264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4499 Rumex arcticus Trautv. rumex arcticus sourdock Rumex arcticus humpback snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJG ITIS:168866 http://eol.org/pages/214442 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1806 humpback red snapper Lutjanus gibbus Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775) lutjanus gibbus snapper, humpback Lutjanus gibbus five-lined snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LWQ ITIS:550941 http://eol.org/pages/344908 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1981 five-lined snapper Lutjanus quinquelineatus Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) Lutjanus quinquelineatus Bloch, 1970 lutjanus quinquelineatus Lutjanus quinquelineatus brazilian catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BPT ITIS:639380 http://eol.org/pages/206134 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2155 Laulao catfish Brachyplatystoma vaillanti (Valenciennes, 1840) Brachyplatystoma vaillantii Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840) brachyplatystoma vaillanti Brachyplatystoma vaillantii triangle tanner crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:98430 http://eol.org/pages/1040602 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2224 Chionoecetes angulatus Chionoecetes angulatus M. J. Rathbun, 1924 chionoecetes angulatus Chionoecetes angulatus sidestriped shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NDD ITIS:96995 http://eol.org/pages/343371 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2888 Pandalopsis dispar Pandalopsis dispar M. J. Rathbun, 1902 Pandalopsis dispar M.J. Rathbun, 1902 pandalopsis dispar Pandalus dispar aesop shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1225 FAO ASFIS:AES ITIS:96971 http://eol.org/pages/344445 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3618 Pandalus montagui Leach ,1814 Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814 pandalus montagui Pandalus montagui jojoba plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13117 GRIN:105075 ITIS:28030 PLANTS:SICH http://eol.org/pages/582468 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1704 goatnut jojoba Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K.Schneid. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid. deer nut goat nut simmondsia chinensis Simmondsia chinensis tropical almond plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:36334 ITIS:27762 PLANTS:TECA http://eol.org/pages/582724 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3437 Indian almond badam kamani myrobalan tropical almond Terminalia catappa L. indian-almond malabar-almond sea-almond terminalia catappa Terminalia catappa flax plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10880 GRIN:22361 ITIS:29226 PLANTS:LIUS http://eol.org/pages/581568 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1700 flax Linum usitatissimum L. common flax cultivated flax flax, common flax, cultivated lin linum usitatissimum Linum usitatissimum sumac family Anacardiaceae frankincense family Burseraceae The narwhal, or narwhale (*Monodon monoceros*), is a medium-sized toothed whale and possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the *Monodontidae* family, along with the beluga whale. The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine. narwhal WIKIPEDIA:Narwhal http://langual.org CEC 1993:1461 FAO ASFIS:NAR ITIS:180485 MSW3:14300107 http://eol.org/pages/328542 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4563 narwhal Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758 monodon monoceros narwhale unicorn whale Monodon monoceros nasturtium Tropaeolum majus northern horse mussel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:DJO ITIS:79501 http://eol.org/pages/451577 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1037 northern horsemussel Modiolus modiolus Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) modiolus modiolus Modiolus modiolus A shrub native to South Africa. Damion Dooley natal plum plant http://langual.org GRIN:9163 ITIS:501290 PLANTS:CAMA37 http://eol.org/pages/488417 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1482 carissa macrocarpa Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. Carissa macrocarpa (Ecklon) A. DC. Carissa macrocarpa carrot family Apiaceae Queen Anne's lace carrot carrots Daucus carota Lutjanus mutton snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJN ITIS:168849 http://eol.org/pages/205784 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1802 mutton snapper Lutjanus analis Lutjanus analis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828) lutjanus analis snapper, mutton Lutjanus analis silk snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LTJ FDA RFE 2010:35 ITIS:168861 http://eol.org/pages/208595 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1800 silk snapper Lutjanus vivanus Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier, 1828) lutjanus vivanus snapper, silk Lutjanus vivanus gray snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJI FDA RFE 2010:31 ITIS:168848 http://eol.org/pages/214443 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1168 grey snapper Lutjanus griseus Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758) lutjanus griseus Lutjanus griseus blackfin snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJU ITIS:168852 http://eol.org/pages/216387 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1799 blackfin snapper Lutjanus buccanella Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier, 1828) lutjanus buccanella snapper, blackfin Lutjanus buccanella red snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:682 FAO ASFIS:SNR FDA RFE 2010:30 ITIS:168853 http://eol.org/pages/216388 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1089 northern red snapper red snapper Lutjanus campechanus Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860) lutjanus blackfordi lutjanus campechanus lutjanus pensacolae snapper, red Lutjanus campechanus queen snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EEO ITIS:168902 http://eol.org/pages/205033 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2151 queen snapper Etelis oculatus Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes, 1828) bleareyed snapper cachucho etelis oculatus night snapper Etelis oculatus Panax Cubeb (*Piper cubeba*), or tailed pepper, is a plant in genus *Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached - the "tails" in "tailed pepper". cubeb plant WIKIPEDIA:Piper_cubeba http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11995 GRIN:28578 ITIS:506521 PLANTS:PICU http://eol.org/pages/491342 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4350 Piper cubeba L. f. Piper cubeba L. fil. java pepper piper cubeba tailed pepper Piper cubeba *Panax ginseng* is available commercially as fresh, red, and white ginsengs; wild ginseng is used where available. chinese ginseng plant WIKIPEDIA:Panax_ginseng http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11602 GRIN:26379 ITIS:505938 PLANTS:PAGI2 http://eol.org/pages/1153396 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4526 Asiatic ginseng Chinese ginseng Korean ginseng ginseng hong shen insam jinso ninjin ren seng sansam Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. asian ginseng asiatic ginseng korean ginseng manchurian ginseng oriental ginseng panax ginseng Panax ginseng Gentianales Mammalia mammals Mammalia Solanales peppers Capsicum ancho pepper plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2550 C annuum Capsicum annuum WIKIPEDIA:Tomato http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10985 GRIN:101442 ITIS:521671 ITIS:529044 MANSFELD:6054 http://eol.org/pages/392557 tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill. Solanum lycopersicum L. lycopersicon esculentum Solanum lycopersicum barbel http://langual.org CEC 1993:307 FAO ASFIS:PTB ITIS:163619 http://eol.org/pages/211593 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2712 barbel Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758) barbus barbus Barbus barbus PlantLife [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/assets/saving-species/saving-species-dossier/Scandix_pecten-veneris_dossier.pdf] shepherd's needle plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12893 GRIN:70632 ITIS:29865 PLANTS:SCPE http://eol.org/pages/581457 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3714 Venus's comb shepherd's needle Scandix pecten-veneris L. scandix pecten-veneris shepherdsneedle venus'-comb Scandix pecten-veneris butter clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1385 FAO ASFIS:BCL ITIS:568268 http://eol.org/pages/491722 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1065 Saxidomus gigantea Saxidomus gigantea (Deshayes, 1839) Saxidomus giganteus (Deshayes, 1839) saxidomus giganteus Saxidomus gigantea nuttall cockle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KCL ITIS:80873 http://eol.org/pages/449112 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3652 Clinocardium nuttallii Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad 1837) Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad, 1837) basket cockle clinocardium nuttallii heart cockle Clinocardium nuttallii Solanum *Solanum nigrum* (European Black Nightshade or locally just "black nightshade", Duscle, Garden Nightshade, Hound's Berry, Petty Morel, Wonder Berry, Small-fruited black nightshade or popolo) is a species in the *Solanum* genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa. Parts of this plant can be highly toxic to livestock and humans, and it's considered a weed. Nonetheless, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales; and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine. black nightshade plant WIKIPEDIA:Solanum_nigrum http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:13168 GRIN:310124 ITIS:565525 PLANTS:SONI http://eol.org/pages/418543 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3409 black nightshade Solanum nigrum L. solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum potato potatoes Solanum tuberosum striped anchovy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:206 FAO ASFIS:ENP ITIS:161838 http://eol.org/pages/339468 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3830 broad-striped anchovy Anchoa hepsetus Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758) anchoa hepsetus broad-striped anchovy Anchoa hepsetus Ipomoea The sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, *Convolvulaceae*. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (*Solanum tuberosum*) and does not belong to the nightshade family, *Solanaceae*, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_potato] sweet potato plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10481 GRIN:20142 ITIS:30764 MANSFELD:21565 PLANTS:IPBA2 http://eol.org/pages/580962 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1106 batate sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poiret ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas Chionoecetes snow crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1298 FAO ASFIS:CRQ ITIS:621745 ITIS:98428 http://eol.org/pages/1025204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1497 Alaska Snow Crab snow crab Chionoecetes opilio Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788) Chionoecetes opilio (J. C. Fabricius, 1788) Chionoecetes opilio opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788) chionoecetes opilio queen crab Chionoecetes opilio Common sorrel or garden sorrel (*Rumex acetosa*), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family *Polygonaceae*. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or salad vegetable (pot herb). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrel] garden sorrel plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12694 GRIN:32518 ITIS:504901 MANSFELD:9486 PLANTS:RUAC2 http://eol.org/pages/485385 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4989 garden sorrel sour dock Rumex acetosa L. common sorrel rumex acetosa spinach dock Rumex acetosa mint family Lamiaceae Lamiales greater amberjack http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:650 FAO ASFIS:AMB ITIS:168689 http://eol.org/pages/993271 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2391 greater amberjack Seriola dumerili Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) amberjack, greater seriola dumerili Seriola dumerili sweet lime plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8693 GRIN:10730 ITIS:501572 PLANTS:CILI2 http://eol.org/pages/488252 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4215 Citrus limetta Risso bitter orange Citrus limetta *Calendula officinalis*, the pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold or Scotch marigold, is a plant in the genus *Calendula* of the family *Asteraceae*. Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add color to salads or added to dishes as a garnish and in lieu of saffron. The leaves are edible but are often not palatable. They have a history of use as a potherb and in salads. marigold plant (Calendula) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula_officinalis http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8238 GRIN:8457 ITIS:36910 PLANTS:CAOF http://eol.org/pages/467729 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3428 common marigold pot marigold Calendula officinalis L. calendula calendula officinalis ruddles scottish-marigold Calendula officinalis The Finger Lime plant, *Citrus australasica* (syn. *Microcitrus australasica*) is a thorny understorey shrub or small tree of lowland subtropical rainforest and dry rainforest in the coastal border region of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. The plant is 2-7 metres in height. Leaves are small, 1-6 cm long and 3-25 mm wide, glabrous, with a notched tip and crenate towards the apex. Flowers are white with petals 6-9 mm long. The fruit is cylindrical, 4-8 cm long, sometimes slightly curved, coming in different colours, including pink and green. Early settlers consumed the fruit and retained the trees when clearing for agriculture. Colonial botanists suggested that they should be cultivated. The finger lime has been recently popularised as a gourmet bushfood. The globular juice vesicles have been likened to a "lime caviar", which can be used as a garnish or added to various recipes. The fresh vesicles have the effect of a burst of effervescent tangy flavour as they are chewed. The fruit juice is acidic and similar to that of a lime. Marmalade and pickles are also made from finger lime. The finger lime peel can be dried and used as a flavouring spice. There is a wide range of different coloured variants of finger lime fruit, including green, yellow, orange, red, purple, black and brown. Finger lime is thought to have the widest range of colour variation within any *Citrus* species. australian finger lime plant WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_australasica http://langual.org GRIN:24247 ITIS:506393 PLANTS:MIAU4 http://eol.org/pages/483557 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4305 Australian finger-lime Microcitrus australasica (F. Muell.) Swingle citrus australasica microcitrus australasica Citrus australasica Neopterygii japanese pilchard http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:195 FAO ASFIS:JAP ITIS:551222 http://eol.org/pages/2776999 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1974 Sardinops melanostictus Sardinops melanostictus (Schlegel, 1846) Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) sardinops melanostictus sardinops sagax melanosticta Sardinops melanostictus Protacanthopterygii freshwater smelts and others Osmeriformes Ranunculales Sapindales Malvales Myrtales Ericales Dipsacales honeysuckle famly Caprifoliaceae Damion Dooley european elder plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12780 GRIN:32994 ITIS:35324 MANSFELD:23325 PLANTS:SANI4 http://eol.org/pages/488731 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1403 European elder elderberry sambucus nigra sambucus spp. Sambucus nigra L. black elderberry Sambucus nigra *Silene vulgaris* or Bladder Campion is a plant species of the genus *Silene*. The young shoots are edible, but saponin gives them a bitter flavor. bladder campion plant WIKIPEDIA:Silene_vulgaris http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13111 GRIN:105074 ITIS:20142 PLANTS:SIVU http://eol.org/pages/581986 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3708 bladder campion maiden's-tears Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke bladder silene cowbell maiden's tears maiden's-tears maidenstears rattleweed silene vulgaris Silene vulgaris white skate http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJA ITIS:564123 http://eol.org/pages/217968 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4080 bottlenosed skate Raja alba Lacepède, 1803 Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) raja alba rostroraja alba Rostroraja alba blue skate http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJB ITIS:564126 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4082 Dipturus batis 1 SPI-2007 blue grey skate blue skate common skate flapper skate gray skate grey skate Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja batis Linnaeus, 1758 blue skate common european skate dipturus batis flapper skate raja batis Dipturus batis Adoxaceae daisy family Asteraceae *Arctium lappa*, commonly called greater burdock, edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. Damion Dooley greater burdock plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7654 DPNL 2003:7655 GRIN:3857 ITIS:36545 PLANTS:ARLA3 http://eol.org/pages/468152 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2889 arctium lappa beggar's buttons edible burdock goboInOwl burdock great burdock greater burdock happy major lappa thorny burr Arctium lappa L. Arctium lappa L. var. edule (Siebold ex Miq.) Mansf. Arctium lappa safflower plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8398 GRIN:9243 ITIS:501305 PLANTS:CATI http://eol.org/pages/488433 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1548 safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. carthamus tinctorius false saffron Carthamus tinctorius sunflowers Helianthus sunflower plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10207 GRIN:27923 ITIS:36616 MANSFELD:32888 PLANTS:HEAN3 http://eol.org/pages/468106 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1547 common sunflower Helianthus annuus L. giant greystripe helianthus annuus Helianthus annuus jerusalem artichoke plant http://langual.org BASIS:145 GRIN:27946 ITIS:36691 MANSFELD:32904 http://eol.org/pages/468029 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1038 Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L. girasole helianthus tuberosus jerusalem sunflower Helianthus tuberosus adriatic sturgeon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:131 FAO ASFIS:AAA ITIS:161076 http://eol.org/pages/206887 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3816 Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte 1836 Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1830 Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836 acipenser naccarii Acipenser naccarii blackjack plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:7169 ITIS:35731 PLANTS:BIPI http://eol.org/pages/579063 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3410 beggar-ticks bur-marigold cuckold sticktight Bidens pilosa L. bidens pilosa hairy beggar-ticks spanish-needles Bidens pilosa date plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11866 GRIN:28046 ITIS:42458 MANSFELD:10700 PLANTS:PHDA4 http://eol.org/pages/1135088 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1209 date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. phoenix dactylifera Phoenix dactylifera Lactuca http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10657 DPNL 2003:10658 DPNL 2003:10659 DPNL 2003:10660 GRIN:21361 GRIN:21362 GRIN:404618 GRIN:404620 ITIS:36607 PLANTS:LASA3 http://eol.org/pages/468144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3343 cultivated lettuce garden lettuce Lactuca sativa L. Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L. H. Bailey Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L.H.Bailey Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L. Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam. lactuca sativa var. asparagina lactuca sativa var. cos leaf lettuce red coral lettuce Lactuca sativa Solanoideae Physaleae northern wolffish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:905 FAO ASFIS:CAB ITIS:550561 http://eol.org/pages/224968 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4036 northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer, 1845 anarhichas denticulatus Anarhichas denticulatus grey gurnard http://langual.org CEC 1993:1071 FAO ASFIS:GUG ITIS:167044 http://eol.org/pages/204772 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2703 grey gurnard Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758) chelidonichthys gurnardus trigla gurnardus Eutrigla gurnardus liza http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:538 FAO ASFIS:MUB ITIS:170338 http://eol.org/pages/356328 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2359 liza mullet Mugil liza Mugil liza Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836 Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 lebranche mullet mugil brasiliensis mugil liza Mugil liza cardoon plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9112 GRIN:12839 ITIS:37221 MANSFELD:31793 PLANTS:CYCA http://eol.org/pages/467498 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1727 cardoon cardoon cynara cardunculus wild artichoke Cynara cardunculus L. Cynara cardunculus Barbados cherry family Malpighiaceae *Byrsonima crassifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the acerola family, *Malpighiaceae*, that is native to tropical America. It is valued for its small, sweet, yellow fruit, which are strongly scented. Common names include nanche, nance, chacunga, changunga, craboo, kraabu, savanna serrette (or savanna serret) and golden spoon. golden-spoon plant WIKIPEDIA:Byrsonima_crassifolia http://langual.org GRIN:8222 ITIS:29263 PLANTS:BYCR http://eol.org/pages/592366 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4461 byrsonima crassifolia craboo craboo golden-spoon indano maricao cimun murici nance nance yoco Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Byrsonima crassifolia Atheresthes arrowtooth flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1111 FAO ASFIS:ARF FDA RFE 2010:55 ITIS:616029 http://eol.org/pages/203944 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1866 arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Atheresthes stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) Reinhardtius stomias Reinhardtius stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) atheresthes stomias Atheresthes stomias *Cornus mas* (Cornelian cherry, European cornel or Cornelian cherry dogwood) is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family *Cornaceae* native to Southern Europe and Southwestern Asia. The fruits when ripe on the plant bear a resemblance to coffee berries, and ripen in mid- to late summer. The fruit is edible (mainly consumed in Eastern Europe, UK, and Iran), but the unripe fruit is astringent. The fruit only fully ripens after it falls from the tree. When ripe, the fruit is dark ruby red or a bright yellow. It has an acidic flavour which is best described as a mixture of cranberry and sour cherry; it is mainly used for making jam, makes an excellent sauce similar to cranberry sauce when pitted and then boiled with sugar and orange, but also can be eaten dried. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornus_mas] cornelian cherry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8849 GRIN:11563 ITIS:565094 MANSFELD:24774 PLANTS:COMA21 http://eol.org/pages/591119 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2946 cornelian cherry Cornus mas L. cornus mas Cornus mas Engraulis japanese anchovy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:216 FAO ASFIS:JAN ITIS:161835 http://eol.org/pages/207206 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3838 Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus Engraulis japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1846 Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 engraulis japonicus Engraulis japonicus european bittersweet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1368 FAO ASFIS:GKL ITIS:79429 http://eol.org/pages/449946 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3645 Glycymeris glycymeris Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1758) Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1767) common european bittersweet dog cockle glycymeris glycymeris pectunculus glycymeris Glycymeris glycymeris arabian mummum plant http://langual.org GRIN:9161 ITIS:30165 PLANTS:CAED8 http://eol.org/pages/581123 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2796 Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl Carissa edulis Vahl carissa edulis carissa edulis var. candolleana carissa edulis var. cornifolia carissa edulis var. tomentosa egyptian carissa wild plum (carissa edulis) Carissa spinarum english holly plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10443 GRIN:19666 ITIS:503154 PLANTS:ILAQ80 http://eol.org/pages/486842 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1697 English holly Ilex aquifolium L. ilex aquifolium ilex spp. Ilex aquifolium mediterranean flagfin http://langual.org CEC 1993:383 FAO ASFIS:ULF ITIS:644695 http://eol.org/pages/211393 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3825 royal flagfin Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792) aulopus filamentosus Aulopus filamentosus anchovies Engraulidae The Tufted Puffin (*Fratercula cirrhata*) also known as Crested Puffin, is a relatively abundant medium-sized pelagic seabird in the auk (*Alcidae*) family found throughout the North Pacific Ocean. It is one of three species of puffin that make up the *Fratercula* genus and is easily recognizable by its thick red bill and yellow tufts. tufted puffin WIKIPEDIA:Tufted_Puffin http://langual.org ITIS:177032 http://eol.org/pages/1049982 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4293 Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas, 1769) crested puffin fratercula cirrhata Fratercula cirrhata heath family Ericaceae bombay duck http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:290 FAO ASFIS:BUC ITIS:162425 http://eol.org/pages/220324 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2499 Bombay duck Bombay duck fish Bombay-duck Harpadon nehereus Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) Harpadon nehereus Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822 bumalo bummalow harpadon nehereus Harpadon nehereus Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as great morinda, Indian mulberry, nunaakai (Tamil Nadu, India) , dog dumpling (Barbados), mengkudu (Indonesia and Malaysia), Kumudu (Balinese), pace (Javanese), beach mulberry, cheese fruit[1] or noni (from Hawaiian) is a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. indian mulberry tree WIKIPEDIA:Morinda_citrifolia http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11258 GRIN:318237 ITIS:35071 PLANTS:MOCI3 http://eol.org/pages/1095628 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3470 Indian mulberry awl tree Morinda citrifolia L. gret morinda hog apple indian mulberry morinda citrifolia noni rotten cheesefruit Morinda citrifolia black pomfret http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:POB FDA RFE 2010:49 ITIS:168785 http://eol.org/pages/994621 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2377 black pomfret Parastromateus niger Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) apolectus niger parastromateus niger Parastromateus niger indian threadfin http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LTD ITIS:168604 http://eol.org/pages/356345 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2188 Indian threadfish Alectis indicus Alectis indicus (Rüppell 1830) Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830) threadfin, indian Alectis indica Canarium Canarium <eudicots> Canarium ovatum, commonly known as pili, is a species of tropical tree belonging to the genus Canarium. It is one of approximately 600 species in the family Burseraceae. Pili are native to maritime Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and Northern Australia. They are commercially cultivated in the Philippines for their edible nuts. Damion Dooley pili tree WIKIPEDIA:Canarium_ovatum http://langual.org GRIN:8819 ITIS:506413 PLANTS:CAOV7 http://eol.org/pages/483518 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1289 canarium ovatum pili nut tree Canarium ovatum Engl. Canarium ovatum Engler LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pili fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PILI TREE [B1289]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Canarium ovatum *Quassia amara* is a species in the genus *Quassia*, with some botanists treating it as the sole species in the genus. It is famous and used for the bitterwood or quassia, its heartwood, used as a febrifuge; this contains quassin, a bitter-tasting substance (it is, in fact, the bitterest substance found in nature). Extracts of *Q. amara* bark containing quassinoids are used as insecticides, being particularly useful against aphids on crop plants. It is also used to flavor aperitifs and bitters which are added to cocktails. bitterwood plant WIKIPEDIA:Bitterwood http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12404 GRIN:30632 ITIS:28841 PLANTS:QUAM http://eol.org/pages/582215 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2793 quassia Quassia amara L. mafourere quassia amara quassia-wood surinam quassia Quassia amara Schinus Peruvian Pepper (*Schinus molle*, also known as American pepper, Peruvian peppertree, escobilla, false pepper, molle del Peru, pepper tree, peppercorn tree, Californian pepper tree, pirul and Peruvian mastic) is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters (50 feet). It is native to the Peruvian Andes. The bright pink fruits of Schinus molle are often sold as "pink peppercorns" although S. molle is unrelated to true pepper (Piper nigrum). Although not related to commercial pepper (*Piper nigrum*) the pink/red berries, like the berries of its close relative the Brazilian pepper (*Schinus terebinthifolius*), are sold as pink peppercorns and often blended with commercial pepper. peruvian peppertree WIKIPEDIA:Schinus_molle http://langual.org GRIN:70668 ITIS:28811 PLANTS:SCMO http://eol.org/pages/582275 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4348 Schinus molle L. schinus molle Schinus molle Spondias jewish plum plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13277 GRIN:35331 ITIS:182142 PLANTS:SPDU3 http://eol.org/pages/596822 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4234 Otaheite-apple Polynesian-plum ambarella golden-apple wi-tree yellow plum Spondias dulcis Parkinson Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson spondias dulcis Spondias dulcis water-lily family Nymphaeaceae southern pink shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1211 FAO ASFIS:SOP ITIS:551575 http://eol.org/pages/1033937 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3630 Farfantepenaeus notialis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) Penaeus notialis Perez Farfante, 1967 farfantepenaeus notialis penaeus notialis Penaeus notialis Seeds of prickly water-lily frequently cultivated in India and China. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euryale_ferox] euryale plant http://langual.org GRIN:16447 ITIS:506588 MANSFELD:11779 PLANTS:EUFE6 http://eol.org/pages/485242 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2524 Euryale ferox Salisb. euryale ferox fox nut gorgon nut Euryale ferox lotus plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11328 GRIN:25110 ITIS:18400 PLANTS:NENU2 http://eol.org/pages/596454 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1216 Indian lotus Indian lotus Nelumbo nucifera padma sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. nelumbo nucifera Nelumbo nucifera blue cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:855 FAO ASFIS:NEB ITIS:170968 http://eol.org/pages/223569 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2290 New Zealand blue cod blue cod Parapercis colias Parapercis colias (Bloch and Schneider, 1801 ) Parapercis colias (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801) australian cod new zealand cod parapercis colias Parapercis colias skipjack trevally http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:SXW ITIS:621129 http://eol.org/pages/211643 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3970 skipjack trevally Pseudocaranx wrighti (Whitley, 1931) pseudocaranx wrighti Pseudocaranx wrighti yelloweye mullet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MAD ITIS:170374 http://eol.org/pages/1012810 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2896 yellow-eye mullet Aldrichetta forsteri Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836) Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes, 1836) aldrichetta forsteri Aldrichetta forsteri Silver perch (*Bidyanus bidyanus*) is a medium sized freshwater fish endemic to the Murray-Darling river system in south-eastern Australia. The scientific name comes from an aboriginal name for the species recorded by Major Mitchell on his 1832 expedition. It is not a perch, being a grunter in the family *Terapontidae*. It is the largest of the Australian grunters, capable of growing to 40 cm and 8 kg, more usually around 30 cm and up to 1.5 kg. silver perch WIKIPEDIA:Bidyanus_bidyanus http://langual.org AFNS 2009 37:321008 FAO ASFIS:BYB ITIS:168040 http://eol.org/pages/205881 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4310 Bidyan perch Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838) Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838) Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell, 1838 bidyan perch bidyanus bidyanus Bidyanus bidyanus The rock cod (Lotella rhacina) is a temperate fish found off the coasts of southeastern Australia, Tasmania, the Great Australian Bight and northwards up the southwestern Australia coasts. They are also found around the coasts of New Zealand and California. rock cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:622984 http://eol.org/pages/214054 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2145 beardie lotella rhacina pacific rockfish physiculus barbatus rock cod Lotella rhacina Lotella rhacina (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Lotella rhacina brazilian duckbill http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:FLA ITIS:630413 http://eol.org/pages/203802 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1928 Percophis brasiliensis Percophis brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard 1825 Percophis brasiliensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825 percophis brasiliensis Percophis brasiliensis red cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NEC ITIS:550677 http://eol.org/pages/213429 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2179 red codling Pseudophycis bachus Pseudophycis bachus (Forster 1801) Pseudophycis bachus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) physiculus bachus pseudophycis bachus Pseudophycis bachus Rhombosolea tea plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8281 GRIN:8732 ITIS:506801 MANSFELD:4999 PLANTS:CASI16 http://eol.org/pages/482447 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1623 black tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze camellia sinensis camellia thea thea sinensis Camellia sinensis monocots monocotyledons Liliopsida Pleoticus argentine red shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1243 FAO ASFIS:LAA ITIS:95971 http://eol.org/pages/344949 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2614 Argentine red shrim Pleoticus muelleri Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) pleoticus muelleri Pleoticus muelleri crystal shrimp http://langual.org CEC:1201 FAO ASFIS:CSP ITIS:551572 http://eol.org/pages/1021967 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3626 crystal shrimp Farfantepenaeus brevirostris (Kingsley, 1878) Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley 1878 Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley, 1878 penaeus brevirostris Penaeus brevirostris deep-water rose shrimp FAO Species fact sheet [http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2598]. http://langual.org CEC 1993 :1199 FAO ASFIS:DPS ITIS:95733 http://eol.org/pages/343935 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3496 Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas 1846) Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) deepwater rose shrimp gamba neopenaeopsis paradoxus parapenaeus longirostris parapenaeus paradoxus penaeopsis paradoxus penaeus bocagei penaeus cocco penaeus longirostris Parapenaeus longirostris greater lizardfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:LIG ITIS:162414 http://eol.org/pages/215089 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3826 greater lizardfish Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) saurida tumbil Saurida tumbil pickhandle barracuda http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:526 FAO ASFIS:BAC ITIS:170433 http://eol.org/pages/211500 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2392 pickhandle barracuda Sphyraena jello Sphyraena jello Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829 Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 giant sea pike sphyraena jello Sphyraena jello arum family Araceae American ginseng (*Panax quinquefolius*) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, commonly used as Chinese or herbal medicine. An extract is sold as Cold-fX. It is native to eastern North America, though it is also cultivated in places such as China. american ginseng plant WIKIPEDIA:American_ginseng http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11606 GRIN:26381 ITIS:29399 PLANTS:PAQU http://eol.org/pages/1153392 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4525 Panax quinquefolius L. panax quinquefolius Panax quinquefolius Arca *Malva verticillata*, also known as the Chinese mallow or cluster mallow, is a species of the mallow genus *Malva* in the family of *Malvaceae* found in East Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva_verticillata] cluster mallow plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:23312 ITIS:21841 PLANTS:MAVE http://eol.org/pages/584649 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5075 MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L. Malva verticillata L. chinese mallow malva verticillata Malva verticillata japanese ginseng plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11603 GRIN:102778 ITIS:822354 http://eol.org/pages/1153395 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4527 Japanese ginseng chikusetu-ninjin satsuma-ninjin tochiba-ninjin Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Mey. Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey. Panax japonicus C.A.Mey panax japonicus Panax japonicus grass family Poaceae A species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). common oat plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7879 GRIN:6123 ITIS:41459 MANSFELD:33218 PLANTS:AVSA http://eol.org/pages/1114783 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1219 cultivated oat cultivated oats oat plant oats Avena sativa L. avena sativa Avena sativa Job's Tears, Coixseed, adlay, or adlai, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family *Poaceae* (grass family) native to East Asia and peninsular Malaysia but elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an annual. The variety *Coix lacryma-jobi* var. *ma-yuen* is harvested as a cereal crop and is used medicinally in parts of Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%27s_tears] job's tears plant http://langual.org GRIN:11129 ITIS:41586 MANSFELD:36435 PLANTS:COLA http://eol.org/pages/1114853 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2341 Job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi L. coix lacryma-jobi Coix lacryma-jobi *Eleusine coracana*, including African finger millet and caracan millet (koracan), is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. E. coracana is native to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is very adaptable to higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to 2,300 metres in elevation. DPNL 2003:9496 GRIN:14992 ITIS:41691 PLANTS:ELCO3 finger millet Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Eleusine coracana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10323 DPNL 2003:10324 DPNL 2003:10325 GRIN:19333 GRIN:317403 ITIS:40874 MANSFELD:37920 PLANTS:HOVU http://eol.org/pages/1114455 barley Hordeum vulgare L. Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare Hordeum vulgare sea-grape plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:10993 ITIS:21039 PLANTS:COUV http://eol.org/pages/585315 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3389 kino platter-leaf shore grape Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. Coccoloba uvifera Jacq. coccoloba uvifera jamaican kino platterleaf Coccoloba uvifera Gobius *Origanum onites*, the Cretan oregano, Turkish oregano, pot marjoram, is a plant species in the genus Origanum found in Sicily, Greece and Turkey. It has similar flavors as oregano. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origanum_onites] pot marjoram plant http://langual.org GRIN:405610 ITIS:506029 PLANTS:ORON2 http://eol.org/pages/483862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1097 origanum heracleoticum origanum onites pot marjoram turkish oregano Origanum onites L. Origanum onites Oryza red rice rice Oryza sativa new zealand spinach plant http://langual.org GRIN:36385 ITIS:19938 MANSFELD:23031 PLANTS:TETE3 http://eol.org/pages/595055 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1732 Tetragonia tetragonioides Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) Kuntze Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze new zealand spinach tetragonia expansa tetragonia tetragonoides Tetragonia tetragonoides *Oryza glaberrima*, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa, and was brought to the Americas by enslaved West African rice farmers. It is now largely a subsistence crop, rarely sold in markets even in West Africa. While it has been partly replaced by higher-yielding Asian rice, and the number of varieties grown is declining, it persists, making up an estimated 20% of rice grown in West Africa. By comparison to Asian rice, it is hardy, pest-resistant, low-labour, suited to a variety of African conditions, filling, and has a distinct nutty flavour. Crossbreeding between African and Asian rice is difficult, but there exist some crosses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryza_glaberrima] african rice plant http://langual.org GRIN:26062 ITIS:506651 PLANTS:ORGL2 http://eol.org/pages/1115583 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2512 African rice Oryza glaberrima Steud. Oryza glaberrima Steudel oryza glaberrima red rice rice, red Oryza glaberrima panicgrasses Panicum common millet plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11617 GRIN:317710 ITIS:40946 MANSFELD:34757 PLANTS:PAMI2 http://eol.org/pages/1114498 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1285 broom millet common millet proso millet Panicum miliaceum L. panicum miliaceum proso millet Panicum miliaceum white pomfret http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:642905 http://eol.org/pages/1156477 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1927 Pampus cinereus Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795) pampus cinereus stromateus cinereus Pampus cinereus caribbean red snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:683 FAO ASFIS:SNC FDA RFE 2010:33 ITIS:168859 http://eol.org/pages/356305 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2150 Carribean red snapper southern red snapper Lutjanus purpureus Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866) Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867 Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1876 lutjanus purpureus Lutjanus purpureus pearl millet plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11715 GRIN:27187 ITIS:565385 PLANTS:PEGL2 http://eol.org/pages/1115854 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2140 bulrush millet cattail millet pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. bulrush millet indian millet (pennisetum) pennisetum glaucum Cenchrus americanus common rye plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12952 GRIN:33443 ITIS:42090 MANSFELD:33999 PLANTS:SECE http://eol.org/pages/1115159 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2352 rye Secale cereale L. Secale cereale subsp. cereale rye, common secale cereale Secale cereale Okra (*Abelmoschus esculentus* Moench, known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world. okra plant WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_esculentus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7006 GRIN:619 ITIS:21770 PLANTS:ABES http://eol.org/pages/584458 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1241 gumbo kacang bendi lady's fingers lady's-fingers okra quiabo Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench abelmoschus esculentus gombo gumbo hibiscus esculentus lady's finger Abelmoschus esculentus spotted rose snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJS ITIS:168856 http://eol.org/pages/212586 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1803 spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) lutjanus guttatus snapper, spotted rose Lutjanus guttatus foxtail millet Setaria italica Sorghum A grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. http://langual.org 2021-02-11T22:01:08Z DPNL 2003:13225 GRIN:35092 ITIS:42108 MANSFELD:35798 PLANTS:SOBI2 http://eol.org/pages/1115166 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1448 broomcorn brown egyptian corn guinea corn indian millet milo red guinea corn sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench gooseneck sorgho kaffir kafir milo Brown durra is nearly identical with White durra except in having brown kernels with a nucellar layer present and in having awnless lemmas. Brown durra never became as poular as the white-seeded variety, owing to the bitterness of the seed. Synonym - Brown Egyptian corn. [Common Sorghum Varieties, Technical Bulletin 506, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture] Sorghum bicolor The pool frog is a European frog. It is one of only four amphibian species recognized by the UK government as protected under its Biodiversity Action Plan. pool frog http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FGL ITIS:775190 http://eol.org/pages/332998 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3465 pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) Rana lessonae Camerano 1882 Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882 pelophylax lessonae rana lessonae Pelophylax lessonae Triticum Canadian hard winter wheat bread wheat common wheat wheat Triticum aestivum Durum wheat, also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum),[4] is a tetraploid species of wheat. It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production. durum wheat plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13672 GRIN:406896 MANSFELD:34092 PLANTS:TRDU3 http://eol.org/pages/8223 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1079 durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. macaroni wheat pasta wheat triticum durum triticum ispahanicum ssp. durum triticum turgidum var. durum Triticum turgidum subsp. durum https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0381-3 Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat, *Triticum boeoticum* (the spelling baeoticum is also common), or to the domesticated form, *Triticum monococcum*. The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies of *T. monococcum*. Einkorn is a diploid species of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger. einkorn plant WIKIPEDIA:Einkorn http://langual.org GRIN:410367 ITIS:42241 PLANTS:TRMO22 http://eol.org/pages/1115242 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3506 einkorn wheat one-grained wheat small spelt Triticum monococcum L. Triticum monococcum Solanum dulcamara is a species of vine in the potato genus *Solanum*, family *Solanaceae*. It is native to Europe and Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere, including North America, where it is an invasive problem weed. Solanum dulcamara is a species of vine in the potato genus *Solanum*, family *Solanaceae*. It is native to Europe and Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere, including North America, where it is an invasive problem weed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_dulcamara] european bittersweet plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_dulcamara http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13163 GRIN:101313 ITIS:30414 PLANTS:SODU http://eol.org/pages/581116 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1076 climbing nightshade Solanum dulcamara L. amara dulcis bitter nightshade bittersweet bittersweet nightshade blue bindweed climbing nightshade fellenwort felonwood poisonberry poisonflower scarlet berry snakeberry solanum dulcamara trailing bittersweet trailing nightshade violet bloom woody nightshade Solanum dulcamara *Psoralea esculenta* (prairie turnip) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to prairies and dry woodlands of central North America, which bears a starchy tuberous root edible as a root vegetable. The plant is also known as *Pediomelum esculenta*. English names for the plant include tipsin, teepsenee, breadroot, breadroot scurf pea, and pomme blanche. The prairie turnip was a staple food of the Plains Indians. Damion Dooley prairie turnip plant WIKIPEDIA:Prairie_Turnip http://langual.org GRIN:312047 ITIS:504177 PLANTS:PEES http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4493 breadroot pediomelum esculentum prairie turnip prairie-turnip psoralea esculenta Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb. Pediomelum esculentum argentine sea bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:560 FAO ASFIS:BSZ ITIS:167953 http://eol.org/pages/205716 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1762 Argentine seabass Acanthistius brasilianus Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier, 1828) acanthistius brasilianus sea bass, argentine Acanthistius brasilianus river anchoita http://langual.org CEC 1993:219 FAO ASFIS:ANR ITIS:161865 http://eol.org/pages/207083 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3840 Atlantic sabretooth anchovy Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829) Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz, 1829) lycengraulis grossidens Lycengraulis grossidens argentine queenfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PAO ITIS:641991 http://eol.org/pages/205256 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1939 parona leatherjacket Parona signata Parona signata (Jenyns 1841) Parona signata (Jenyns, 1841) parona signata Parona signata silver warehou http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:SEO ITIS:172533 http://eol.org/pages/213832 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2678 choicy ruff cojinoba cojinoba del norte cojinova cojinova savorin Seriolella porosa Guichenot, 1848 seriolella porosa Seriolella porosa asian clam http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:CMA ITIS:81387 http://eol.org/pages/395903 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2646 asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Muller 1774) Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774) corbicula fluminea Corbicula fluminea winter-purslane plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8715 GRIN:316941 ITIS:20395 PLANTS:CLPE http://eol.org/pages/586874 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3420 claytonia perfoliata cuban-spinach miner's lettuce miner's-lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.; Montia perfoliata Howell Claytonia perfoliata Old World silversides Atherinopsidae pineapple plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7482 GRIN:3074 ITIS:42335 MANSFELD:25228 PLANTS:ANCO30 http://eol.org/pages/1126520 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1484 pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ananas comosus piña Ananas comosus Zingiberales white bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:589 FAO ASFIS:ROY ITIS:167682 http://eol.org/pages/204284 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1764 white bass Morone chrysops Morone chrysops (Rafinesque 1820) Morone chrysops (Rafinesque, 1820) bass, white morone chrysops Morone chrysops white perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:588 FAO ASFIS:PEW ITIS:167678 http://eol.org/pages/216654 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1152 white perch Morone americana Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789) morone americana Morone americana pacific littleneck clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PTS ITIS:81464 http://eol.org/pages/401135 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1035 Protothaca staminea Protothaca staminea (Conrad, 1837) native littleneck protothaca staminea steamer Leukoma staminea banana family Musaceae *Ensete ventricosum*, commonly known as the Ethiopian banana, Abyssinian banana, false banana, or ensete, is an herbaceous species of flowering plant in the banana family Musaceae.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensete_ventricosum] red banana plant (Ensete ventricosum) http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9520 GRIN:15184 ITIS:506498 PLANTS:ENVE2 http://eol.org/pages/1119982 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1561 Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheeseman Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman abyssinian banana ensete ensete ventricosum false banana red banana red-skinned banana Ensete ventricosum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002793 Musa dwarf banana plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11277 GRIN:24706 ITIS:42390 MANSFELD:12410 PLANTS:MUAC http://eol.org/pages/1116073 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1559 banana dessert bananas dwarf banana sweet banana Musa acuminata Colla chinese banana ladyfinger banana musa acuminata, var. dwarf cavendish musa cavendishii musa chinensis musa nana Musa acuminata ginger family Zingiberaceae The Edible-nest Swiftlet (*Aerodramus fuciphagus*) is a small bird of the swift family which is found in South-east Asia. Its nest is made of solidified saliva and is used to make bird's nest soup. edible-nest swiftlet WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia_fuciphaga http://langual.org ITIS:554970 http://eol.org/pages/1048602 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4524 edible-nest swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812) aerodramus fuciphagus collocalia fuciphaga Aerodramus fuciphagus curled lettuce leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa var. crispa yam, tropical (plant) http://langual.org GRIN:14175 MANSFELD:18574 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1181 Dioscorea species dioscorea alata greater yam guyana arrowroot water yam Dioscorea Allium http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7309 GRIN:2244 ITIS:42720 PLANTS:ALCE http://eol.org/pages/8187 onion Allium cepa L. pickling onion allium cepa Allium cepa A wild plant and member of the onion genus *Allium*. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries. Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-08-24T22:43:54Z DPNL 2003:7306 GRIN:2217 GRIN:400394 GRIN:405537 ITIS:185435 ITIS:42708 PLANTS:ALAM http://eol.org/pages/8790855 allium ampeloprasum leek levant garlic Allium ampeloprasum L. Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum Allium ampeloprasum L., var. kurrat Schweinf. ex Krause Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum wild leek Allium ampeloprasum has been differentiated into five cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic, pearl onion, kurrat, and Persian leek. Allium ampeloprasum Garlic (*Allium sativum*) is a species in the onion genus, *Allium*.Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to Central Asia and northeastern Iran, and has long been a common seasoning worldwide, with a history of several thousand years of human consumption and use. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic] garlic plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7327 GRIN:2368 GRIN:315611 ITIS:42652 MANSFELD:212 PLANTS:ALSA2 http://eol.org/pages/1084926 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1233 garlic Allium sativum L. allium sativum Allium sativum hickory shad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:156 FAO ASFIS:SHH ITIS:161704 http://eol.org/pages/343495 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3866 hickory shad Alosa mediocris Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814) alosa mediocris Alosa mediocris *Melilotus officinalis*, known as the yellow sweet clover, yellow melilot, ribbed melilot or common melilot is a species of legume native to Eurasia and introduced in North America, Africa and Australia. sweet clover plant WIKIPEDIA:Melilotus_officinalis http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11138 GRIN:24009 ITIS:26150 PLANTS:MEOF http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2332 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Melilotus officinalis Lam. melilot melilotus officinalis yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis palm family palms Arecaceae Phoenix senegal date palm plant http://langual.org GRIN:28054 ITIS:504334 PLANTS:PHRE http://eol.org/pages/1135083 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2786 Senegal date palm Phoenix reclinata Jacq. phoenix phoenix reclinata Phoenix reclinata saw palmetto plant http://langual.org GRIN:103108 ITIS:42508 PLANTS:SERE2 http://eol.org/pages/1130738 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4202 saw palmetto Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small serenoa repens Serenoa repens Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the wild lowbush blueberry, is a species of blueberry native to eastern and central Canada (from Manitoba to Newfoundland) and the northeastern United States, growing as far south as the Great Smoky Mountains and west to the Great Lakes region. lowbush blueberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13736 GRIN:40981 ITIS:23579 MANSFELD:18251 PLANTS:VAAN http://eol.org/pages/583661 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3741 lowbush blueberry lowbush blueberry sugar berry sweet lowbush blueberry vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton Vaccinium angustifolium *Allium canadense*, also known as Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion is a perennial plant native to eastern North America from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb. The plant is also reportedly naturalized in Cuba. *Allium canadense* has an edible bulb covered with a dense skin of brown fibers and tastes like an onion. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_canadense] canadian onion plant http://langual.org GRIN:316541 ITIS:42635 PLANTS:ALCA3 http://eol.org/pages/8187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4324 Allium canadense L. allium canadense canada onion wild garlic wild onion Allium canadense The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a euryhaline bottom-dwelling goby of the family Gobiidae, native to central Eurasia including the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Round gobies have established large non-native populations in the Baltic Sea, several major Eurasian rivers, and the North American Great Lakes. round goby http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NBU ITIS:172072 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3936 Black spotted goby Caspian round goby Ginger goby round goby Neogobius melanostomus Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) Neogobius melanostomus tubenose goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1049 FAO ASFIS:RSO ITIS:172080 http://eol.org/pages/218110 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3938 tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811) Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814) Proterorhinus marmoratus Typha *Typha latifolia* (bulrush, common bulrush, broadleaf cattail, common cattail, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus *Typha*. It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa. common cattail plant WIKIPEDIA:Typha_latifolia http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13705 GRIN:101629 ITIS:42326 PLANTS:TYLA http://eol.org/pages/526590 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4517 common cattail Typha latifolia L. broadleaf cattail bulrush common bulrush typha latifolia Typha latifolia rough-head grenadier http://langual.org CEC 1993:491 FAO ASFIS:RHG ITIS:165421 http://eol.org/pages/206738 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3897 onion-eye grenadier Macrourus berglax Lacepède 1801 Macrourus berglax Lacepède, 1801 Macrourus berglax Lacépède, 1801 macrourus berglax Macrourus berglax commelinids gold-striped snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJL ITIS:168888 http://eol.org/pages/596447 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1982 bigeye snapper Lutjanus lutjanus Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 lutjanus lutjanus Lutjanus lutjanus pacific sand lance http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:923 ITIS:171672 http://eol.org/pages/206901 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4007 Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1811 Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814 ammodytes hexapteru Ammodytes hexapterus swollenhead conger eel Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.441. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org ITIS:635910 http://eol.org/pages/223764 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2918 swollen-headed conger eel Bassanago bulbiceps Whitley, 1948 bassanago bulbiceps pseudoxenamystax bulbiceps Bassanago bulbiceps blue tilapia http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:OEA ITIS:553308 http://eol.org/pages/2798107 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1832 blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) oreochromis aureus tilapia aurea tilapia, blue Oreochromis aureus unicorn filefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ALM ITIS:173133 http://eol.org/pages/217015 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2186 unicorn leatherjacket Aluterus monoceros Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) aluterus monoceros andora Aluterus monoceros humpback whitefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:237 ITIS:161937 http://eol.org/pages/994760 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2284 humpback whitefish Coregonus pidschian Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789) Coregonus pidschianoides (Pravdin) arctic whitefish coregonus pidschian Coregonus pidschian african fan palm plant http://langual.org GRIN:7424 ITIS:506708 PLANTS:BOAE http://eol.org/pages/1123540 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2799 Borassus aethiopum C. Martius Borassus aethiopum Mart. borassus aethiopum palmyra palm Borassus aethiopum sweet fennel plant http://langual.org GRIN:102104 ITIS:29509 MANSFELD:1559 PLANTS:FOVU http://eol.org/pages/585008 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3334 fennel Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt. Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Battand. & Trabut foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. dulce roman fennel Foeniculum vulgare Lovage, *Levisticum officinale*, is a tall perennial plant, the sole species in the genus Levisticum in the family *Apiaceae*, subfamily *Apioideae*. The leaves can be used in salads, or to make soup or season broths, and the roots can be eaten as a vegetable or grated for use in salads. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovage] lovage plant http://langual.org GRIN:22014 ITIS:29673 MANSFELD:1731 PLANTS:LEOF http://eol.org/pages/467097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2952 lovage Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch Levisticum officinale W. Koch Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch garden lovage levisticum officinale Levisticum officinale *Caryocar brasiliense*, known as Pequi or "souari nut", like its congeners, is an edible fruit popular in some areas of Brazil, especially in Brazil's center-west region. pequi plant WIKIPEDIA:Caryocar_brasiliense http://langual.org GRIN:100466 ITIS:506783 PLANTS:CABR36 http://eol.org/pages/392753 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4545 Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. caryocar brasiliense souari nut Caryocar brasiliense Centella asiatica, commonly centella, is a small, herbaceous, annual plant of the family Mackinlayaceae or subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceae, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Asia.[1] It is used as a medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional African medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine. Botanical synonyms include *Hydrocotyle asiatica* L. and *Trisanthus cochinchinensis* (Lour.). asiatic pennywort plant WIKIPEDIA:Centella_asiatica http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8481 GRIN:9831 ITIS:29612 PLANTS:CEAS http://eol.org/pages/581713 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2442 Asiatic pennywort gotu kola ji xue cao sheep-rot thankuni Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban centella asiatica hydrocotyle hydrocotyle asiatica indian pennywort spadeleaf Centella asiatica ice krill http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KRC ITIS:95520 http://eol.org/pages/509402 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3578 ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias Holt & Tattersall, 1906 Euphausia crystallorophias Holt and Tattersall, 1906 euphausia crystallorophias Euphausia crystallorophias northern krill http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:KRV ITIS:95515 http://eol.org/pages/509430 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3580 Euphausia vallentini Stebbing, 1900 euphausia vallentini Euphausia vallentini norwegian krill http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1192 FAO ASFIS:NKR ITIS:95534 http://eol.org/pages/509431 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3577 Meganyctiphanes norvegica Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars 1857) Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857) Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Sars, 1857) meganyctiphanes norvegica Meganyctiphanes norvegica blackfin tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:998 FAO ASFIS:BLF ITIS:172427 http://eol.org/pages/223944 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1070 blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1830) Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831) thunnus atlanticus Thunnus atlanticus longtail tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1003 FAO ASFIS:LOT ITIS:172430 http://eol.org/pages/212863 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1004 longtail tuna northern bluefin tuna Thunnus tonggol Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, I851) neothunnus rarus northern bluefin tuna thunnus tonggol Thunnus tonggol flathead grey mullet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:537 FAO ASFIS:MUF ITIS:170335 http://eol.org/pages/206857 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1783 Formosan gray mullet Formosan grey mullet flathead mullet Mugil cephalus Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 mugil cephalus striped mullet Mugil cephalus white mullet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MGU ITIS:170336 http://eol.org/pages/344849 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1786 redeye mullet silver mullet white mullet Mugil curema Mugil curema Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836 Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 blueback mullet mugil curema mullet, white Mugil curema northern puffer http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1171 FAO ASFIS:PUF FDA RFE 2010:84 ITIS:173290 http://eol.org/pages/215834 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2239 Sphoeroides maculatus Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) sea squab sphoeroides maculatus Sphoeroides maculatus pigfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:699 FAO ASFIS:PIG ITIS:169077 http://eol.org/pages/356344 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3947 pigfish Orthopristis chrysoptera Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766) orthopristis chrysoptera Orthopristis chrysoptera warty crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EIK ITIS:199975 http://eol.org/pages/344746 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3555 Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775) Eriphia verrucosa (Forsskål, 1775) eriphia verrucosa Eriphia verrucosa american crocodile http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:YUU ITIS:174361 http://eol.org/pages/1056415 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3801 American crocodile Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807) Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 central-american alligator crocodylus acutus Crocodylus acutus eelpout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ELP ITIS:165324 http://eol.org/pages/220012 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2292 viviparous blenny Zoarces viviparus Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) zoarces viviparus Zoarces viviparus siberian roe deer http://langual.org ITIS:625064 MSW3:14200222 http://eol.org/pages/129573 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4158 Eastern roe deer Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771) Capreolus pygargus Pallas, 1771 capreolus pygargus eastern roe Capreolus pygargus roach (fish) http://langual.org CEC 1993:354 FAO ASFIS:FRO ITIS:163761 http://eol.org/pages/205274 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1925 roach minnow Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) rutilus rutilus Rutilus rutilus Ascomycota ascomycetes sac fungi Ascomycota *Tordylium apulum*, commonly known as the Mediterranean Hartwort, is an annual forb or herb. It is classified within the family *Apiaceae*, the carrot family. It is located in a range from Europe to west Asia, but was introduced to the United States. It is now found only in Arizona. The hartwort does have edible leaves. In Italy it is used as a condiment. hartwort plant WIKIPEDIA:Tordylium_apulum http://langual.org GRIN:36756 ITIS:505532 http://eol.org/pages/485022 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3711 Tordylium apulum L. Tordylium maximum L. tordylium apulum tordylium maximum Tordylium apulum porkfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:694 FAO ASFIS:HNR ITIS:169086 http://eol.org/pages/218029 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3944 porkfish Anisotremus virginicus Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758) anisostremus virginicus Anisotremus virginicus biglip grunt http://langual.org CEC 1993:701 FAO ASFIS:GBL ITIS:630211 http://eol.org/pages/219230 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3949 biglip grunt Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Boulenger, 1899) plectorhincus macrolepis Plectorhinchus macrolepis king threadfin http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:QSH ITIS:645493 http://eol.org/pages/207636 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3457 king threadfin Polydactylus macrochir (Günther, 1867) king salmon king threadfin salmon polydactylus macrochir polydactylus sheridani threadfin salmon Polydactylus macrochir bigeye grunt http://langual.org CEC 1993:695 FAO ASFIS:GRB ITIS:169108 http://eol.org/pages/211778 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3945 bigeye grunt Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832) Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes, 1831) brachydeuterus auritus Brachydeuterus auritus southern flounders Rhombosoleidae andaman lobster http://langual.org CEC 1993:1305 FAO ASFIS:NEA ITIS:552930 http://eol.org/pages/1021411 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3584 Andaman lobster Metanephrops andamanicus (Wood-Mason, 1891) metanephrops andamanicus southern langoustine Metanephrops andamanicus arafura lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFU ITIS:552931 http://eol.org/pages/1038468 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3587 Arafura lobster Metanephrops arafurensis (De Man, 1905) metanephrops arafurensis Metanephrops arafurensis northwest lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFL ITIS:552933 http://eol.org/pages/324948 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3589 northwest lobster Metanephrops australiensis (Bruce, 1966) metanephrops australiensis Metanephrops australiensis caribbean lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MFI ITIS:97323 http://eol.org/pages/343993 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3590 Caribbean lobsterette Metanephrops binghami Metanephrops binghami (Boone, 1927) carribean lobsterette metanephrops binghami Metanephrops binghami bight lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFO ITIS:552934 http://eol.org/pages/324946 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3591 bight lobster Metanephrops boschmai (Holthuis, 1964) metanephrops boschmai Metanephrops boschmai new zealand lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MEC ITIS:552935 http://eol.org/pages/346024 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3592 New Zealand lobster Metanephrops challengeri Metanephrops challengeri (Balss, 1914) Metanephrops challengeri (Blass, 1914) metanephrops challengeri Metanephrops challengeri formosa lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFM ITIS:552936 http://eol.org/pages/289777 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3593 Formosa lobster Metanephrops formosanus Chan & Yu 1987 Metanephrops formosanus Chan and Yu, 1987 metanephrops formosanus Metanephrops formosanus japanese lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFJ ITIS:552937 http://eol.org/pages/999954 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3594 Japanese lobster Metanephrops japonicus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1873) metanephrops japonicus Metanephrops japonicus neptune lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFN ITIS:552939 http://eol.org/pages/324947 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3596 Neptune lobster Metanephrops neptunus (Bruce, 1965) metanephrops neptunus Metanephrops neptunus sculpted lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFQ ITIS:552941 http://eol.org/pages/324945 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3598 sculpted lobster Metanephrops sagamiensis (Parisi, 1917) metanephrops sagamiensis okinawa sculptured lobster Metanephrops sagamiensis siboga lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFK ITIS:552942 http://eol.org/pages/1038421 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3599 Siboga lobster Metanephrops sibogae (De Man, 1916) metanephrops sibogae Metanephrops sibogae china lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFD ITIS:552943 http://eol.org/pages/324949 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3600 China lobster Metanephrops sinensis (Bruce, 1966) metanephrops sinensis Metanephrops sinensis velvet lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MFV ITIS:552945 http://eol.org/pages/1038467 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3602 velvet lobster Metanephrops velutinus Chan & Yu 1991 Metanephrops velutinus Chan and Yu, 1991 metanephrops velutinus Metanephrops velutinus common shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1237 FAO ASFIS:CSH ITIS:97118 http://eol.org/pages/1039673 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2874 Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) brown shrimp crangon crangon crangon vulgaris Crangon crangon small scaled brown slickhead Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:AVS ITIS:162312 http://eol.org/pages/344799 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2908 small scaled brown slickhead Alepocephalus australis Barnard 1923 Alepocephalus australis Barnard, 1923 alepocephalus australis Alepocephalus australis *Salvia hispanica*, commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. Chia is grown commercially for its seed, a food that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Chia seeds are typically small ovals with a diameter of about 1 mm (0.039 in). They are mottle-colored with brown, gray, black and white. The seeds are hydrophilic, absorbing up to 12 times their weight in liquid when soaked. While soaking, the seeds develop a mucilaginous gel-like coating that gives chia-based beverages a distinctive texture. chia plant WIKIPEDIA:Salvia_hispanica http://langual.org GRIN:32939 ITIS:32718 PLANTS:SAHI6 http://eol.org/pages/578468 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1723 Salvia hispanica L. salvia chia salvia columbariae salvia hispanica Salvia hispanica Emmer wheat (*Triticum dicoccum*), also known as farro especially in Italy, is a low yielding, awned wheat. It was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. emmer plant WIKIPEDIA:Emmer http://langual.org ITIS:506639 http://eol.org/pages/1114086 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3505 cultivated emmer wheat Triticum dicoccon Schrank farro triticum dicoccum ttiticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon Triticum dicoccon cherimoya tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7535 GRIN:3479 ITIS:506198 MANSFELD:28726 PLANTS:ANCH9 http://eol.org/pages/1054913 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1687 cherimoya chirimoya custard apple Annona cherimola Mill. Annona cherimola Miller annona cherimola Annona cherimola Saccharomyces cerevisiae S. cerevisiae baker's yeast brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cetengraulis Gobiinae Taraxacum striped weakfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:WKS ITIS:646597 http://eol.org/pages/210895 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2380 South American striped weakfish Cynoscion striatus Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829) cynoscion striatus south american striped weakfish Cynoscion striatus snake mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:941 FAO ASFIS:SNK ITIS:172372 http://eol.org/pages/212632 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2185 barracouta snoek Thyrsites atun Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791) Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen,l791) barracouta snoek thyrsites atun Thyrsites atun argentine stiletto shrimp http://langual.org CEC 1993:1193 FAO ASFIS:ASH ITIS:95781 http://eol.org/pages/1039896 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3621 Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888 artemesia longinaris Artemesia longinaris Sonchus *Sonchus asper* (Sharp-fringed Sow Thistle, Prickly Sow Thistle, Spiny Sow Thistle, or Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle) is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath. The base of the leaf surrounds the stem. The plant can reach 180 cm (6 ft) in height. The leaves and stems emit a milky sap when cut. The flowers grow in clusters and the end of the stems. This plant is native to Europe, but is also a common weed in North American roadsides, landscapes, and pastures. Its edible leaves make a palatable and nutritious leaf vegetable. spinu sowthistle plant WIKIPEDIA:Sonchus_asper http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13193 GRIN:34933 ITIS:38424 PLANTS:SOAS http://eol.org/pages/492388 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4299 prickly sow-thistle Sonchus asper (L.) Hill prickly sow thistle rough sow thistle sharp-fringed sow thistle sonchus asper spiny leaved sow thistle spiny-leaf sow thistle spiny-leaf sowthistle Sonchus asper Sow thistles have been used as fodder, particularly for rabbits, hence the other common names of "hare thistle" or "hare lettuce". They are also edible to humans as a leaf vegetable; old leaves and stalks can be bitter but young leaves have a flavour similar to lettuce. Going by the name puha or rareke (raraki) it is frequently eaten in New Zealand as a vegetable, particularly by the native Maori. When cooked it tastes a little similar to chard. [Wikipedia] annual sowthistle plant sowthistle plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:13194 GRIN:34939 ITIS:38427 PLANTS:SOOL http://eol.org/pages/492350 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3415 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3715 common sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus L. annual sow thistle common sow thistle common sowthistle hare's lettuce sonchus oleraceus sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus dandelion Taraxacum officinale Anabantoidei Ameiurus variegated scallop http://langual.org CEC 1993:1346 FAO ASFIS:VSC ITIS:79628 http://eol.org/pages/449769 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4147 Chlamys varia Chlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758) chlamys varia Mimachlamys varia redfinger rubble crab http://langual.org ITIS:98888 http://eol.org/pages/1040970 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3554 Eriphia gonagra (J. C. Fabricius, 1781) eriphia gonagra warty crab Eriphia gonagra whitefishes Coregoninae trouts, salmons & chars Salmoninae winter cress Barbarea land cress plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7917 GRIN:105428 ITIS:22743 PLANTS:BAVE http://eol.org/pages/584060 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2873 early winter cress Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers. american cress american winter cress barbarea verna creecy greens early winter cress early yellowrocket normandy cress upland cress Barbarea verna *Barbarea vulgaris*, also called as bittercress, herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus *Barbarea*, belonging to the family *Brassicaceae*. winter cress plant WIKIPEDIA:Barbarea_vulgaris http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7918 GRIN:6491 ITIS:22741 PLANTS:BAVU http://eol.org/pages/584058 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4345 upland cress winter cress yellow rocket Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton barbarea vulgaris rocket cress yellow rocket Barbarea vulgaris *Trichosanthes cucumerina* is a tropical or subtropical vine; its variety *T. cucumerina* var. *anguina* raised for its strikingly long fruit, in Asia eaten immature as a vegetable much like the summer squash, and in Africa, the reddish pulp of its mature fruit is used as an economical substitute of tomato. Common names of the cultivated variety include snake gourd, serpent gourd [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichosanthes_cucumerina] snake gourd plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:13615 GRIN:12569 GRIN:40106 ITIS:505900 PLANTS:TRCU3 http://eol.org/pages/595306 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3434 snake gourd Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Trichosanthes cucumerina L.; syn: T. anguina L. cucumis melo flexuosus serpent gourd serpent melon snake melon trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes cucumerina pandora http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:783 FAO ASFIS:PAC ITIS:169215 http://eol.org/pages/223570 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2871 common pandora Pagellus erythrinus Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) pagellus erythrinus Pagellus erythrinus black skipjack http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:957 FAO ASFIS:BKJ ITIS:172405 http://eol.org/pages/206690 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1112 black skipjack Euthynnus lineatus Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920 euthynnus lineatus Euthynnus lineatus greater sandeel http://langual.org CEC 1993:929 ITIS:171682 http://eol.org/pages/344930 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4010 great sand-eel Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage, 1824) hyperoplus lanceolatus Hyperoplus lanceolatus The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus *Myristica*. The most important commercial species is *Myristica fragrans*, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia. The nutmeg tree is important for two spices derived from the fruit: nutmeg and mace. Nutmeg is the actual seed of the tree, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or aril of the seed. nutmeg plant WIKIPEDIA:Nutmeg http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11300 GRIN:24855 ITIS:18125 MANSFELD:12036 PLANTS:MYFR3 http://eol.org/pages/596922 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1214 mace nutmeg Myristica fragrans Houtt. myristica fragrans LanguaL curation note: When indexing the spice mace made from nutmeg, use *NUTMEG [B1214]* and *ARIL [C0287]*. Myristica fragrans West African Pepper, also known as Ashanti Pepper, Benin Pepper, False Cubeb, Guinea Cubeb, Uziza Pepper or (ambiguously) "Guinea pepper", called locally kale, kukauabe, masoro, sasema and soro wisa, is a West African spice that corresponds to the dried fruit of *Piper guineense*. west african pebber plant WIKIPEDIA:Piper_guineense http://langual.org GRIN:28582 ITIS:506522 PLANTS:PIGU3 http://eol.org/pages/402261 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4349 Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn. Piper guineense Schumacher & Thonn. Piper guineense Thonn. ashanti pepper benin pepper guinea cubeb piper guineense Piper guineense Vanilla *Vanilla planifolia* is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Mexico and Central America, and is one of the primary sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. Common names are flat-leaved vanilla, Tahitian vanilla, and West Indian vanilla (also used for the Pompona vanilla, *V. pompona*). Often, it is simply referred to as "the vanilla". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_planifolia] bourbon vanilla plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13765 GRIN:41111 ITIS:43719 PLANTS:VAPL2 http://eol.org/pages/1127948 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5045 cultivated vanilla Vanilla planifolia Andrews Vanilla planifolia Jacks. Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews flat-leaved vanilla vanilla vanilla fragrans vanilla planifolia Vanilla planifolia *Juglans regia*, the Persian walnut, English walnut, or especially in Great Britain, Common walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species native to the region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the Himalayas and southwest China. The whole fruit, including the husk, falls in autumn; the seed is large, with a relatively thin shell, and edible, with a rich flavor. english walnut tree WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_regia http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10558 GRIN:20772 ITIS:503244 MANSFELD:11850 PLANTS:JURE80 http://eol.org/pages/487229 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1130 English walnut Juglans regia L. juglans regia persian walnut LanguaL curation note: When indexing the English walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Juglans regia *Xanthosoma brasiliense* (Desf.) Engl. This particular taro was developed for its yield of edible leaves and stems rather than its roots. Food: the leaves and leaf stems are eaten as a cooked, green vegetable; the stems are widely used as a celery substitute in tropical areas. [http://greenharvest.com.au/Plants/Information/TahitianSpinach.html] tahitian spinach plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13952 GRIN:42083 ITIS:42583 PLANTS:XABR http://eol.org/pages/1127778 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4504 Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl. tahitian taro xanthosoma brasiliense Xanthosoma brasiliense agile frog http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FGM ITIS:665296 http://eol.org/pages/1019739 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3461 agile frog Rana dalmatina Bonaparte 1840 Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1839 rana dalmatina Rana dalmatina antarctic flying squid http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:TFP ITIS:555986 http://eol.org/pages/491913 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3700 Todarodes filippovae Adam 1975 Todarodes filippovae Adam, 1975 todarodes filippovae Todarodes filippovae queenfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EHU ITIS:169362 http://eol.org/pages/224897 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2280 Seriphus politus Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860 corvineta reina seriphus politus Seriphus politus European cranberry mossberry Vaccinium oxycoccos *Elaeis guineensis* is a species of palm commonly called African oil palm or macaw-fat. It is the principal source of palm oil. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis] african oil palm plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9485 GRIN:14936 ITIS:506719 PLANTS:ELGU http://eol.org/pages/1095470 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3330 African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. elaeis guineensis Elaeis guineensis atlantic anchoveta http://langual.org CEC 1993:208 FAO ASFIS:AVA ITIS:161861 http://eol.org/pages/211953 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3832 Atlantic anchoveta tarpon fry toothless anchovy whalebone anchovy Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829) cetengraulis edentulus Cetengraulis edentulus whitehead's round herring http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:WRR ITIS:551211 http://eol.org/pages/207276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3852 Whitehead's round herring Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983 etrumeus whiteheadi Etrumeus whiteheadi cabezon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SMQ ITIS:692068 http://eol.org/pages/212214 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1788 cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854) scorpaenichthys marmoratus Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Asafoetida is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of *Ferula*. As its name suggests, asafoetida has a fetid smell, but in cooked dishes, it delivers a smooth flavour reminiscent of leeks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asafoetida] asafoetida plant http://langual.org GRIN:102100 GRIN:16603 ITIS:505943 PLANTS:FEAS2 http://eol.org/pages/482107 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2171 asafoetida Ferula assa-foetida L. Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel asafoetida devil's dung ferula assa-foetida ferula foetida Ferula assa-foetida Ajwain, ajowan *Trachyspermum ammi*, also known as Ajowan caraway, Oomam in Tamil, bishop's weed or carom, is an annual herb in the family *Apiaceae*. It originated in India. Both the leaves and the fruit (often mistakenly called seeds) of the plant are consumed by humans. The plant is also called bishop's weed, but this is a common name it shares with some other different plants. The "seed" (i.e., the fruit) is often confused with lovage "seed".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajwain] ajowan plant http://langual.org GRIN:36803 ITIS:522739 PLANTS:TRAM13 http://eol.org/pages/477954 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2515 Apiaceae Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill aiwain ajawain ajowan caraway ajwain ajwan bishop's weed carom carum copticum ooman trachyspermum copticum Trachyspermum ammi sneep http://langual.org CEC 1993:318 FAO ASFIS:HON ITIS:639383 http://eol.org/pages/339806 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3476 Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) chondrostoma nasus Chondrostoma nasus spiny turbot http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PSB ITIS:616138 http://eol.org/pages/211693 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4041 spiny turbot Psettodes bennettii Psettodes bennettii Steindachner, 1870 psettodes bennetti spring turbot Psettodes bennettii The southern lemon sole, *Pelotretis flavilatus*, is a righteye flounder, the only species in the genus *Pelotretis*, found around New Zealand in enclosed waters such as estuaries, harbours, mudflats, and sandflats, in waters less than 385 m in depth. Their length is from 25 to 50 cm. new zealand lemon sole WIKIPEDIA:Pelotretis_flavilatus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:461796 FAO ASFIS:EOL ITIS:172951 http://eol.org/pages/214951 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4512 southern lemon sole Pelotretis flavilatus Pelotretis flavilatus Waite, 1911 flounder pelotretis flavilatus southern lemon sole Pelotretis flavilatus new zealand sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:616113 http://eol.org/pages/214952 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2680 New Zealand sole Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Günther, 1862 peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Scophthalmidae Scophthalmus turbot http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1158 CEC 1993:1159 FAO ASFIS:TUR ITIS:616195 http://eol.org/pages/213913 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1240 turbot Psetta maxima Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) Psetta maxima maeotica (Pallas, 1811) psetta maxima scophthalmus maximus Scophthalmus maximus incense tree http://langual.org GRIN:310568 ITIS:506415 PLANTS:CASC28 http://eol.org/pages/484974 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2840 Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. Canarium schweinfurthii Engler canarium schweinfurthii papo canary tree Canarium schweinfurthii Echinacea Echinacea <eudicots> pale purple cone-flower plant http://langual.org GRIN:70237 ITIS:37279 PLANTS:ECPA http://eol.org/pages/467542 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4192 Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. echinacea pallida pale echinacea Echinacea pallida eastern purple coneflower plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9441 GRIN:14799 ITIS:37281 PLANTS:ECPU http://eol.org/pages/467544 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4193 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench echinacea purpurea Echinacea purpurea *Dipteryx odorata* (commonly known as "cumaru" or "kumaru") is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, *Fabaceae*, that is native to the Orinoco region of northern South America. Its seeds are known as tonka beans. They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth, brown interior. Their fragrance is reminiscent of vanilla, almonds, cinnamon, and cloves. tonka bean plant WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_odorata http://langual.org GRIN:14393 ITIS:506251 PLANTS:DIOD2 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1039 cumaru sarrapia tonga-bean Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd. cumaru dipteryx odorata kumaru Dipteryx odorata Senna chaste tree http://langual.org GRIN:41813 ITIS:32221 PLANTS:VIAG http://eol.org/pages/579727 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4205 chasteberry chastetree Vitex agnus-castus L. abraham's balm chasteberry monk's pepper vitex agnus-castus Vitex agnus-castus bleak http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ALR ITIS:163663 http://eol.org/pages/203970 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3472 bleak Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) alburnus alburnus Alburnus alburnus The smooth leatherjacket or velvet leatherjacket, *Meuschenia scaber*, is a filefish of the family *Monacanthidae*, found off eastern Australia and all around New Zealand to depths of about 100 m, on rocky weedy reef areas. Its length is between 25 and 35 cm. In New Zealand it is simply known as leatherjacket as it is the only fish of this family commonly found there. velvet leatherjacket WIKIPEDIA:Velvet_Leatherjacket http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:465005 FAO ASFIS:PKB ITIS:646154 http://eol.org/pages/217899 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4290 velvet leatherjacket Meuschenia scaber Meuschenia scaber (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Meuschenia scaber Forster, 1801 Parika scaber (Forster, 1801) meuschenia scaber new zealand leatherjacket parika scaber Meuschenia scaber The goldeye, *Hiodon alosoides*, is a species of fish in the mooneye family (Hiodontidae). It occurs from as far down the Mackenzie River as Aklavik in the north to Mississippi in the south, and from Alberta in the west to Ohio south of the Great Lakes, with an isolated population south of James Bay. It is notable for a conspicuous golden iris in the eyes. goldeye WIKIPEDIA:Goldeye http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:161905 http://eol.org/pages/994821 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4561 goldeye Hiodon alosoides Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819) hiodon alosoides laquaiche aux yeux d'or Hiodon alosoides little squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1404 FAO ASFIS:OUM ITIS:556291 http://eol.org/pages/591526 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3682 Alloteuthis media (Linnaeus, 1758) Loligo media Loligo media (Linnaeus, 1758) alloteuthis media loligo media Alloteuthis media hardshell clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:TCL ITIS:81472 http://eol.org/pages/493294 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3636 Protothaca thaca Protothaca thaca (Molina, 1782) hardshell protothaca thaca quahog Protothaca thaca devil anglerfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1183 FAO ASFIS:MVO ITIS:690539 http://eol.org/pages/218352 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4075 Cape monk Lophius upsicephalus A. Smith, 1841 Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837 Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes, 1837 cape monk lophius upsicephalus lophius vomerinus Lophius vomerinus Sundaland noodlefishes herrings Clupeidae menhadens shads Alosinae Teuthida Squatina date plum plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9320 GRIN:14296 ITIS:505971 PLANTS:DILO8 http://eol.org/pages/482113 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3328 date-plum guiaca jun qian zi mamegaki Diospyros lotus L. date-plum diospyros lotus lotus persimmon lotus tree Diospyros lotus The pistachio, *Pistacia vera* in the *Anacardiaceae* family, is a small tree originally from Persia (Iran), which now can also be found in to regions of Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sicily and possibly Afghanistan (especially in the provinces of Samangan and Badghis). The fruit is a drupe, containing an elongated seed, which is the edible portion. The seed, commonly thought of as a nut, is a culinary nut, not a botanical nut. pistachio plant WIKIPEDIA:Pistachio http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12006 GRIN:28655 ITIS:506470 MANSFELD:28393 PLANTS:PIVE3 http://eol.org/pages/483483 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1416 pistachio Pistacia vera L. pistacia vera LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pistachio fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PISTACHIO [B1416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Pistacia vera *Dioscorea cayennensis* subsp. *rotundata*, the "white yam", sometimes sold as "Guinea yam" or "white ñame", is a subspecies of yam native to Africa. It is one of the most important cultivated yams.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea_cayennensis_subsp._rotundata] white guinea yam plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:14249 ITIS:43376 MANSFELD:18876 PLANTS:DIRO http://eol.org/pages/1294852 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3398 Guinea yam eboe yam white guinea yam white yam Dioscorea rotundata Poir. common yam dioscorea cayennensis subsp. rotundata dioscorea rotundata eight-months yam guinea yam white yam Dioscorea rotundata cush-cush yam plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:14263 ITIS:43378 PLANTS:DITR3 http://eol.org/pages/1120635 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3397 aja cush-cush cush-cush yam mapuey name sacha papa tabena yampee yampi Dioscorea trifida L. Dioscorea trifida L. f. dioscorea trifida indian yam Dioscorea trifida *Stevia* is a genus of about 240 species of herbs and shrubs in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America. The species *Stevia rebaudiana*, commonly known as sweetleaf, sweet leaf, sugarleaf, or simply stevia, is widely grown for its sweet leaves. As a sweetener and sugar substitute, stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, although some of its extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations. With its steviol glycoside extracts having up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar, stevia has garnered attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternatives. stevia plant WIKIPEDIA:Stevia_rebaudiana http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13323 GRIN:35581 ITIS:505914 PLANTS:STRE2 http://eol.org/pages/483967 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4455 Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni candyleaf stevia rebaudiana sugarleaf sweet leaf sweetleaf Stevia rebaudiana spanish lime plant http://langual.org GRIN:70440 ITIS:28691 PLANTS:MEBI http://eol.org/pages/582291 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1468 Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. genip (melicoccus) honeyberry mamoncillo melicoccus bijugatus Melicoccus bijugatus Cardiidae common cockle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1373 FAO ASFIS:COC ITIS:80901 http://eol.org/pages/395985 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3647 Cerastoderma edule Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758) cerastoderma edule Cerastoderma edule pacific deep sea crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:HNX ITIS:620998 http://eol.org/pages/318608 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2229 Chaceon granulatus (Sakai, 1978) chaceon granulatus geryon granulatus japanese deep sea crab Chaceon granulatus spiny-tail skate http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:80 FAO ASFIS:RJQ ITIS:160932 http://eol.org/pages/1156433 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4097 spinetail ray Bathyraja spinicauda Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914) bathyraja spinicauda Bathyraja spinicauda The Great Horned Owl, (*Bubo virginianus*), also known as the Tiger Owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas. great horned owl WIKIPEDIA:Bubo_virginianus http://langual.org ITIS:177884 http://eol.org/pages/914958 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4491 great horned owl Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788) bubo virginianus Bubo virginianus woodcock http://langual.org ITIS:176580 http://eol.org/pages/1049378 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2119 American woodcock Scolopax minor Gmelin, 1789 philohela minor scolopax minor Scolopax minor *Luffa acutangula* (Angled luffa, Ridged luffa, Vegetable Gourd, Silk squash, Sin qua) is a species of *Luffa*. It is commercially grown for its unripe fruits as a vegetable. Mature fruits are used to make cleaning sponges. Its fruit slightly resembles a cucumber with ridges. It ranges from central Asia and eastern Asia to southeastern Asia. angled loofah plant WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_acutangula http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10954 GRIN:22787 ITIS:503569 PLANTS:LUAC2 http://eol.org/pages/487004 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3488 angled luffa ribbed gourd ribbed luffa ridged gourd silky gourd singkwa towel gourd Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. chinese-okra luffa acutangula ribbed gourd ribbed loofah ridged gourd silky gourd Luffa acutangula bloch's gizzard shad http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:CNS ITIS:161807 http://eol.org/pages/204183 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2370 Bloch's gizzard shad Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795) gizzard shad nematalosa nasus Nematalosa nasus *Hedysarum alpinum* is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name alpine sweetvetch. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America it is widespread in Canada and the northernmost United States, including Alaska. alpine sweetvetch plant WIKIPEDIA:Hedysarum_alpinum http://langual.org GRIN:18594 ITIS:26723 PLANTS:HEAL http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4483 alpine sweetvetch Hedysarum alpinum L. hedysarum alpinum Hedysarum alpinum red clover plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13634 GRIN:300623 ITIS:26313 PLANTS:TRPR2 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2333 peavine clover purple clover red clover rotklee Trifolium pratense L. trifolium pratense Trifolium pratense cape lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:HCW ITIS:677531 http://eol.org/pages/345041 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3583 Cape lobster Homarinus capensis (Herbst, 1792) Homarus capensis (Herbst 1792) homarus capensis Homarinus capensis ruffe http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ACC ITIS:168520 http://eol.org/pages/203972 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3478 ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758) gymnocephalus cernuus Gymnocephalus cernua European strawberry alpine strawberry wild strawberry wood strawberry Fragaria vesca cloudberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12665 GRIN:32286 ITIS:24850 MANSFELD:8377 PLANTS:RUCH http://eol.org/pages/623525 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2029 Rubus chamaemorus L. baked apple berry malka rubus chamaemorus salmonberry yellowberry Rubus chamaemorus shortfin mako shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SMA FDA RFE 2010:24 ITIS:159924 http://eol.org/pages/356797 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2471 shortfin mako shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 isurus oxyrinchus Isurus oxyrinchus seed plants Spermatophyta *Cycas rumphii*, commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus *Cycas* native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a palm. ceylon sago palm plant WIKIPEDIA:Cycas_rumphii http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9084 GRIN:12728 ITIS:899532 http://eol.org/pages/630988 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4513 Cycas rumphii Miq. cykas circinalis cykas rumphii false sago palm queen sago queen sago palm Cycas rumphii *Juniperus communis*, the common juniper, is a species of conifer in the genus *Juniperus*, in the family *Cupressaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus_communis] juniper plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10567 GRIN:20821 ITIS:194820 PLANTS:JUCO6 http://eol.org/pages/1061674 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2040 common juniper Juniperus communis L. juniperus communis Juniperus communis Decapterus japanese scad http://langual.org CEC 1993:634 FAO ASFIS:RSA ITIS:168729 http://eol.org/pages/205139 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3963 Japanese scad Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) decapterus maruadsi Decapterus maruadsi mangosteen tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9931 GRIN:71011 ITIS:21484 MANSFELD:16944 PLANTS:GAMA10 http://eol.org/pages/584879 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2037 garcinia mangostana mangosteen purple mangosteen tree Garcinia mangostana L. Garcinia mangostana pink minnow http://langual.org CEC 1993:346 FAO ASFIS:PXP ITIS:163596 http://eol.org/pages/204013 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3869 Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) phoxinus phoxinus Phoxinus phoxinus amur bitterling http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ROR ITIS:163607 http://eol.org/pages/204542 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3473 Amur bitterling Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas 1776) Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) rhodeus sericeus Rhodeus sericeus marmalade box plant http://langual.org GRIN:395 ITIS:34995 PLANTS:GEAM http://eol.org/pages/1096067 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2662 Genipa americana L. genipa americana genipap Genipa americana atlantic jackknife http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1390 FAO ASFIS:CLR ITIS:81022 http://eol.org/pages/448700 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3634 Ensis directus Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) Ensis directus Conrad, 1843 atlantic jackknife clam ensis directus Ensis directus goldsaddle goatfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RPY ITIS:169456 http://eol.org/pages/211691 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3922 goldsaddle goatfish Parupeneus cyclostomus Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède 1801) Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801) parupeneus cyclostomus Parupeneus cyclostomus sand shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:GQS ITIS:97110 http://eol.org/pages/342524 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2575 Crangon septemspinosa Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818 crangon septemspinosa shrimp, sand Crangon septemspinosa tamarind plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13434 GRIN:36219 ITIS:26980 MANSFELD:17761 PLANTS:TAIN2 http://eol.org/pages/639027 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1695 tamarind Tamarindus indica L. indian tamarind tamarindus indica Tamarindus indica Phyllanthus Phyllanthus <eudicots> Spelt (*Triticum spelta; Triticum dicoccum*), also known as dinkel wheat or hulled wheat, is a species of wheat cultivated since approximately 5000 BC. Damion Dooley spelt plant http://langual.org Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and northern Spain, and has also found a new market as a 'health food'. Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat (*Triticum aestivum*), in which case its botanical name is considered to be *Triticum aestivum* subsp. *spelta*. It is a hexaploid wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.[wikipedia] DPNL 2003:13673 GRIN:406903 ITIS:42243 MANSFELD:34190 PLANTS:TRSP3 http://eol.org/pages/1115243 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2917 spelt Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. Triticum spelta L. german wheat triticum aestivum subsp. spelta triticum aestivum, spelta group triticum spelta Triticum spelta manchurian wild rice plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13990 GRIN:42268 ITIS:41320 PLANTS:ZILA3 http://eol.org/pages/1114724 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4246 Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf zizania latifolia Zizania latifolia *Typha angustifolia* L., ( also Lesser Bulrush or Narrowleaf Cattail or Lesser Reedmace), is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus *Typha*. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations. Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots. The edible stem is called bòn bòn in Vietnam. narrowleaf cattail plant WIKIPEDIA:Typha_angustifolia http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13704 GRIN:40799 ITIS:42325 PLANTS:TYAN http://eol.org/pages/526430 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4475 narrow-leaf cattail Typha angustifolia L. lesser bulrush lesser reedmace narrow-leaf cat-tail narrowleaf cattail typha angustifolia Typha angustifolia sea catfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:AUC ITIS:680765 http://eol.org/pages/223949 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2374 Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840 Nemapteryx nenga (Hamilton, 1822) arius caelatus arius upsulonothorus felichthys felis galeichthys felis nemapteryx nenga tachysurus caelatus Nemapteryx nenga Valerianella lamb's lettuce plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13752 GRIN:80009 ITIS:35392 MANSFELD:2570 PLANTS:VALO http://eol.org/pages/467207 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1754 European cornsalad lamb's-lettuce Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat. Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. common cornsalad cornsalad european cornsalad valerianella locusta Valerianella locusta ocean quahog http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1370 FAO ASFIS:CLQ ITIS:81343 http://eol.org/pages/493164 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2193 Arctica islandica Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767) arctica islandica hard clam ocean quahog Arctica islandica Damion Dooley common whitefish http://langual.org whitefish CEC 1993:232 FAO ASFIS:PLN ITIS:161950 http://eol.org/pages/267571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2687 common whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) Coregonus lavaretus Dybowski 1874 baltic whitefish coregonus lavaretus Coregonus lavaretus inconnu http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SDL ITIS:162006 http://eol.org/pages/205332 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2302 inconnu Stenodus leucichthys Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772) shee fish stenodus leucichthys stenodus makenii Stenodus leucichthys *Rubus parviflorus*, commonly called thimbleberry or salmonberry, is a species of *Rubus*, native to western and northern North America. Thimbleberry fruits are larger, flatter, and softer than raspberries, and have many small seeds. Because the fruit is so soft, it does not pack or ship well, so thimbleberries are rarely cultivated commercially. However, wild thimbleberries make an excellent jam which is sold as a local delicacy. The fruits can be eaten raw or dried. thimbleberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_parviflorus http://langual.org GRIN:32408 ITIS:25007 PLANTS:RUPA PLANTS:RUPAP2 PLANTS:RUPAV http://eol.org/pages/237187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4260 Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. parviflorus Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. velutinus (Hook. & Arn.) Greene rubus parviflorus salmonberry Rubus parviflorus *Rubus spectabilis* (Salmonberry) is a species of *Rubus* native to the west coast of North America from west central Alaska to California. Salmonberries are edible and share the fruit structure of the raspberry, with the fruit pulling away from its receptacle. Books often call the fruit "insipid", but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw and when processed into jam, candy, jelly and wine. They were an important food for indigenous peoples. Traditionally, the berries were eaten with salmon or mixed with oolichan grease or salmon roe. They were not dried because of their high moisture content. salmonberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Salmonberry http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12677 GRIN:32449 ITIS:25051 PLANTS:RUSP http://eol.org/pages/244454 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4259 Rubus spectabilis Pursh rubus spectabilis Rubus spectabilis picton herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:196 FAO ASFIS:SRP ITIS:551223 http://eol.org/pages/2777000 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3857 Sardinops neopilchardus Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879) sardinops neopilchardus Sardinops neopilchardus southern african pilchard http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PIA ITIS:551224 http://eol.org/pages/2777001 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3858 Sardinops ocellatus Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe, 1853) sardinops ocellatus Sardinops ocellatus Metanephrops mozambique lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:NEM ITIS:552938 http://eol.org/pages/324954 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3595 Metanephrops mozambicus Macpherson, 1990 african lobster metanephrops mozambicus Metanephrops mozambicus longlegged spiny lobster http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:LOJ ITIS:552976 http://eol.org/pages/324103 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2169 Panulirus longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) Panulirus longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) panulirus longipes Panulirus longipes spot croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:722 FAO ASFIS:SPT ITIS:169267 http://eol.org/pages/206726 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1256 spot spot croaker Leiostomus xanthurus Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802 Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, 1803 leiostomus xanthurus Leiostomus xanthurus lake whitefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:230 FAO ASFIS:WHL ITIS:161941 http://eol.org/pages/211716 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1907 lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818) coregonus clupeaformis coregonus makwi whitefish, lake Coregonus clupeaformis south american silverside http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ODR ITIS:630683 http://eol.org/pages/205948 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1885 Chilean silverside Odontesthes regia Odontesthes regia (Humboldt in Humboldt and Valenciennes, 1821) Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1821) argentine silverside chilean silverside odontesthes regia silverside, south american Odontesthes regia silver gemfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:939 FAO ASFIS:GEM ITIS:550883 http://eol.org/pages/205865 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2676 common gemfish eastern gemfish hake king barracouta silver gemfish silver kingfish southern kingfish Rexea solandri Rexea solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832) Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1831 ) Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832) rexea solandri Rexea solandri The Chinese Chestnut (*Castanea mollissima*) is a species of chestnut native to China. The fruit is a densely spiny cupule 4-8 cm diameter, containing two or three glossy brown nuts. chinese chestnut tree WIKIPEDIA:Chinese_chestnut http://langual.org GRIN:9442 ITIS:501318 MANSFELD:17775 PLANTS:CAMO83 http://eol.org/pages/1148512 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2416 Chinese chestnut Castanea mollissima Blume castanea mollissima chinese hairy chestnut LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHINESE CHESTNUT [B2416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Castanea mollissima american beech plant http://langual.org GRIN:100831 ITIS:19462 PLANTS:FAGR http://eol.org/pages/1143553 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4249 American beech Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. fagus grandifolia LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *AMERICAN BEECH [B4249]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Fagus grandifolia ayu http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:263 FAO ASFIS:PCA ITIS:162027 http://eol.org/pages/994386 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2516 ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) plecoglossus altivelis Plecoglossus altivelis new zealand long-finned eel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:AAQ ITIS:635476 http://eol.org/pages/217086 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2672 New Zealand longfin eel Anguilla dieffenbachii Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842 Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, 1842 anguilla dieffenbachii new zealand longfin eel Anguilla dieffenbachii indian frankincense plant http://langual.org GRIN:7458 ITIS:506410 PLANTS:BOSE5 http://eol.org/pages/483516 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4188 Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. boswellia boswellia serrata Boswellia serrata european sturgeon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:APU ITIS:161072 http://eol.org/pages/206890 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3812 sturgeon Acipenser sturio Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 acipenser sturio common sturgeon sturgeon Acipenser sturio black snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ASX ITIS:168899 http://eol.org/pages/356304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1099 black snapper Apsilus dentatus Apsilus dentatus Guichenot, 1853 apsilus dentatus Apsilus dentatus blue ring octopus http://langual.org ITIS:556175 http://eol.org/pages/591395 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1054 Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883) hapalochlaena maculosa octopus maculosus Hapalochlaena maculosa An annual vine in the cucumber and melon family. horned melon plant WIKIPEDIA:Cucumis_metuliferus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9045 ITIS:501835 PLANTS:CUME3 http://eol.org/pages/488083 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2842 African horned cucumber plant African horned melon African horned melon plant English tomato plant cherie plant cucumis metuliferus hedged gourd plant jelly melon plant melano plant Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin kiwano plant Cucumis metulifer fringe-barbel sturgeon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:AAN ITIS:161077 http://eol.org/pages/206888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3815 fringebarbel sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828 Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky, 1828 acipenser nudiventris ship Acipenser nudiventris beluga http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:137 FAO ASFIS:HUH ITIS:161084 http://eol.org/pages/994822 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2528 beluga Huso huso Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) huso huso Huso huso danube salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:240 FAO ASFIS:HUC ITIS:162024 http://eol.org/pages/204854 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1612 huchen Hucho hucho Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758) hucho hucho Hucho hucho arctic hare http://langual.org ITIS:552511 http://eol.org/pages/988114 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4162 Arctic hare Lepus arcticus Ross, 1819 Lepus arcticus olympia flat oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1338 FAO ASFIS:OFO ITIS:79883 http://eol.org/pages/449515 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1958 Ostrea lurida Ostrea lurida Carpenter Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864 ostrea lurida western oyster yaquina oyster Ostrea lurida Macrourinae smooth rattail Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:CQS ITIS:550599 http://eol.org/pages/209566 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2906 rough-head whiptail Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite 1911 Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite, 1911 caelorinchus aspercephalus Coelorinchus aspercephalus kaiyomaru rattail Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified. http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MCK ITIS:550608 http://eol.org/pages/216574 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2905 Campbell whiptail Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai & Iwamoto 1979 Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai and Iwamoto, 1979 caelorinchus kaiyomaru Coelorinchus kaiyomaru The ridge scaled rattail, *Macrourus carinatus*, is a rattail of the genus *Macrourus*, found in the Great Southern Ocean at depths of between 200 and 1,200 m. Its length is between 30 to 65 cm, although Fishbase records lengths up to 1 m. ridge scaled rattail WIKIPEDIA:Macrourus_carinatus http://langual.org AFNS 2009 37:232036 FAO ASFIS:MCC ITIS:550628 http://eol.org/pages/1002768 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4286 ridge scaled rattail Macrourus carinatus (Günther 1878) Macrourus carinatus (Günther, 1878) Macrourus carinatus Günther, 1878 macrourus carinatus Macrourus carinatus Quinoa (*Chenopodium quinoa*) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds. Because it is not a grass, it is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal. Quinoa is closely related to the edible plants beetroot, spinach, and amaranth (*Amaranthus* spp.), another pseudocereal which it closely resembles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoa] quinoa plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8598 GRIN:10194 ITIS:506567 MANSFELD:410 PLANTS:CHQU http://eol.org/pages/489447 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2027 quinoa Chenopodium quinoa Willd. chenopodium quinoa Chenopodium quinoa Aframomum melegueta is a species in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, and closely related to cardamom. Its seeds are used as a spice (ground or whole). grains-of-paradise plant WIKIPEDIA:Aframomum_melegueta http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7215 GRIN:101012 ITIS:506501 MANSFELD:3309 PLANTS:AFME http://eol.org/pages/1127012 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2061 Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. Aframomum melegueta Schum. Aframomum melegueta Schumann aframomum melegueta amomum granum-paradisii amomum melegueta Aframomum melegueta boldo plant http://langual.org GRIN:27471 ITIS:506789 PLANTS:PEBO5 http://eol.org/pages/392758 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4199 Peumus boldus Molina peumus boldus Peumus boldus Zeus european john dory http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:518 FAO ASFIS:JOD FDA RFE 2010:94 ITIS:166287 http://eol.org/pages/210208 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2278 Atlantic John dory John dory doorkeeper's fish Zeus faber Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 galilee fish st. peter's fish zeus faber zeus japonicus Zeus faber longhead dab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:EOR ITIS:172911 http://eol.org/pages/222399 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1860 longhead dab Limanda proboInOwlscidea Limanda proboInOwlscidea Gilbert 1896 Limanda proboInOwlscidea Gilbert, 1896 dab, longhead limanda proboInOwlscidea Myzopsetta proboscidea Alaska plaice (*Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus*) is a saltwater fish that live in the North Pacific Ocean. Like most flatfish, they live on the bottom of the continental shelf, up to 600 metres deep. Their geographic range is from the Gulf of Alaska in the east, to the Chukchi Sea in the north, to the Sea of Japan in the west. alaska plaice WIKIPEDIA:Pleuronectes_quadrituberculatus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1132 ITIS:172901 http://eol.org/pages/221039 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4383 Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas, 1814 pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Percinae climbing perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1028 FAO ASFIS:FPC ITIS:172585 http://eol.org/pages/222264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2529 climbing perch Anabas testudineus Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795) anabas testudineus Anabas testudineus *Channa striata*, the striped snakehead, is a species of snakehead fish. It is also known as the common snakehead, chevron snakehead and snakehead murrel. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, and has been introduced to some Pacific Islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channa_striata] striped snakehead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:FSS ITIS:166667 http://eol.org/pages/205160 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2307 banded snakehead chevron snakehead snakehead murrel striped snakehead Channa striata Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) channa channa striata ophicephalus striatus snakehead murrel Channa striata gila trout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ONG ITIS:161985 http://eol.org/pages/213575 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4062 Gila trout Oncorhynchus gilae Oncorhynchus gilae (Miller, 1950) oncorhynchus gilae Oncorhynchus gilae florida crayfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RQA ITIS:97498 http://eol.org/pages/344648 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3573 Procambarus alleni (Faxon 1884) Procambarus alleni (Faxon, 1884) procambarus alleni Procambarus alleni witch prawn http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EKU ITIS:551589 http://eol.org/pages/128591 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3625 Melicertus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811) Penaeus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811) melicertus canaliculatus penaeus canaliculatus Penaeus canaliculatus northern pink shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1204 FAO ASFIS:APS ITIS:551574 http://eol.org/pages/325037 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2580 pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad, 1939 farfantepenaeus duorarum penaeus duorarum shrimp, pink Penaeus duorarum green tiger prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1213 FAO ASFIS:TIP ITIS:95644 http://eol.org/pages/321430 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3493 Penaeus semisulcatus Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844 penaeus semisulcatus Penaeus semisulcatus northern white shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1214 FAO ASFIS:PST ITIS:551680 http://eol.org/pages/128564 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1149 white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767) Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767) litopenaeus setiferus penaeus setiferus white shrimp Penaeus setiferus molluscs mollusks Mollusca gastropods Gastropoda common prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1234 FAO ASFIS:CPR ITIS:96451 http://eol.org/pages/1022774 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2880 Palaemon serratus Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777) leander serratus palaemon serratus Palaemon serratus Haliotis pink abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HJV ITIS:69499 http://eol.org/pages/620395 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3539 abalone pink abalone Haliotis corrugata Haliotis corrugata Gray, 1828 Haliotis corrugata W. Wood, 1828 haliotis corrugata Haliotis corrugata red abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ABF ITIS:69497 http://eol.org/pages/620396 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3538 California red abalone red abalone Haliotis rufescens Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822 haliotis rufescens Haliotis rufescens black abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HAZ ITIS:69498 http://eol.org/pages/620397 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3537 black abalone Haliotis cracherodii Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814 haliotis cracherodii Haliotis cracherodii green abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HRW ITIS:69500 http://eol.org/pages/620393 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3536 green abalone Haliotis fulgens Haliotis fulgens Philippi, 1845 haliotis fulgens southern green abalone Haliotis fulgens pinto abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:69494 http://eol.org/pages/620425 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3545 Haliotis kamtschatkana Haliotis kamtschatkana Jonas, 1845 haliotis kamtschatkana Haliotis kamtschatkana white abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HSW ITIS:69502 http://eol.org/pages/462646 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3540 white abalone Haliotis sorenseni Haliotis sorenseni Bartsch, 1940 haliotis sorenseni Haliotis sorenseni lindens Tilia flat abalone http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:69501 http://eol.org/pages/620394 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3544 flat abalone Haliotis walallensis Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899 haliotis walallensis Haliotis walallensis mexican golden trout http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ONY ITIS:161992 http://eol.org/pages/204570 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4061 Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham & Gard 1964) Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham and Gard, 1964) oncorhynchus chrysogaster Oncorhynchus chrysogaster velvet belly http://langual.org CEC 1993:60 FAO ASFIS:ETX ITIS:160670 http://eol.org/pages/215489 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4117 velvet belly lantern shark Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) black centrina etmopterus spinax lantern shark Etmopterus spinax brill http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1162 FAO ASFIS:BLL ITIS:172749 http://eol.org/pages/994475 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2708 brill Scophthalmus rhombus Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758) scophthalmus rhombus Scophthalmus rhombus Helicidae Helix Garden snail is the common name for the species Cornu aspersum (formerly *Helix aspersa*), a land snail. As such it is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae, which includes some of the most commonly familiar land snails. garden snail https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu_aspersum http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/269px-Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpg ITIS:77906 http://eol.org/pages/449907 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3662 Cornu aspersum brown garden snail brown garden snail Helix aspersa Muller, 1774 Helix aspersa Helix aspersa *Lepidium campestre* (field pepperwort or field pepperweed) is an annual plant in the *Brassicaceae* or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_campestre] field cress plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10761 GRIN:21763 ITIS:22954 PLANTS:LECA5 http://eol.org/pages/584503 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1082 bastard cress field peppergrass field pepperweed pepperwort Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f. Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton cream-anther field pepperwort field peppergrass plant field pepperweed plant field pepperwort plant lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre Escargot is the common name of Helix pomatia, a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Helicidae. escargot http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg/320px-Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:77907 http://eol.org/pages/449906 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3663 Burgundy snail Roman snail Roman snail edible snail edible snail Helix pomatia Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 helix pomatia Helix pomatia bivalves Bivalvia Pteriomorphia Mytilidae Mytilus california mussel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MUJ ITIS:79455 http://eol.org/pages/449960 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1046 California mussel Mytilus californianus Mytilus californianus Conrad, 1837 mytilus californianus Mytilus californianus blue mussel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1360 FAO ASFIS:MUS ITIS:79454 http://eol.org/pages/449959 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2875 blue mussel edible mussel Mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758 common mussel edible mussel mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis northern blue mussel http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:YUS ITIS:567928 http://eol.org/pages/578868 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3659 bay mussel common blue mussel Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850 foolish mussel mytilus trossulus Mytilus trossulus ark shells Arcidae perforate st. john's-wort plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10419 GRIN:19600 ITIS:21454 PLANTS:HYPE http://eol.org/pages/584888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4196 Hypericum perforatum L. hypericum perforatum Hypericum perforatum oysters Ostreidae Crassostrea eastern oyster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1334 FAO ASFIS:OYA ITIS:79872 http://eol.org/pages/449554 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1951 eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) american cupped oyster american oyster blue point oyster crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica scallops Pectinidae spotted wolffish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:907 FAO ASFIS:CAS ITIS:171342 http://eol.org/pages/224648 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3350 spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1772 anarhichas minor Anarhichas minor sea scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1353 FAO ASFIS:SCA ITIS:79718 http://eol.org/pages/448745 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1050 sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791) Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1792) american sea scallop placopecten magellanicus Placopecten magellanicus A northeast Atlantic species of scallop, an edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae. This is the type species of the genus. This species may be conspecific with Pecten jacobaeus, the pilgrim's scallop, which has a much more restricted distribution. great atlantic scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1348 FAO ASFIS:SCE ITIS:79683 http://eol.org/pages/449733 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3481 St James shell escallop king scallop Pecten maximus Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) coquille saint-jacques pecten maximus Pecten maximus Veneroida atlantic surfclam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1376 FAO ASFIS:CLB ITIS:80944 http://eol.org/pages/448794 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1959 Atlantic surf clam Atlantic surf-clam Spisula solidissima Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817) bar clam sea clam spisula solidissima surf clam Spisula solidissima Ensis venus clams Veneridae Macrocallista sunray venus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KSN ITIS:81579 http://eol.org/pages/440077 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3641 sun-ray clam sunray clam Macrocallista nimbosa Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786) macrocallista nimbosa Macrocallista nimbosa Mercenaria northern quahog http://langual.org CEC:1380 FAO ASFIS:CLH ITIS:81496 http://eol.org/pages/492162 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1068 northern quahog Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758) Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) cherrystone clam clam, cherrystone hardshell littleneck mercenaria mercenaria venus mercenaria Mercenaria mercenaria softshell clam http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1398 FAO ASFIS:CLS ITIS:81692 http://eol.org/pages/492903 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2356 softshell Mya arenaria Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 maninose clam mya arenaria steamer Mya arenaria common cuttlefish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1401 FAO ASFIS:CTC ITIS:82363 http://eol.org/pages/448836 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3678 common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758 sepia officinalis Sepia officinalis smalleye hammerhead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SPQ ITIS:160519 http://eol.org/pages/225538 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2596 great hammerhead smalleye hammerhead Sphyrna tudes Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822) hammerhead, smalleye shark, smalleye hammerhead sphyrna tudes Sphyrna tudes Loliginidae roughy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:TPT ITIS:166145 http://eol.org/pages/211315 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2327 sandpaper fish Paratrachichthys trailli Paratrachichthys trailli (Hutton, 1875) hoplostethus paratrachichthys sandpaper fish Paratrachichthys trailli common squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1408 FAO ASFIS:SQR ITIS:82375 http://eol.org/pages/451497 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3692 Loligo vulgaris Loligo vulgaris Lamarck 1798 Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798 loligo vulgaris Loligo vulgaris arrow squids Ommastrephidae Illex argentine shortfin squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1410 FAO ASFIS:SQA ITIS:556070 http://eol.org/pages/591440 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3694 Argentinian squid Illex argentinus Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960) illex argentinus Illex argentinus northern shortfin squid http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1412 FAO ASFIS:SQI ITIS:82521 http://eol.org/pages/451352 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3696 Illex illecebrosus Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1821) illex illecebrosus Illex illecebrosus Nototodarus gould's flying squid http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:NDG ITIS:556308 http://eol.org/pages/491462 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3704 Gould's flying squid Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy 1888) Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888) nototodarus gouldi Nototodarus gouldi Todarodes japanese flying squid http://langual.org CEC 1993:1414 FAO ASFIS:SQJ ITIS:557230 http://eol.org/pages/590939 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3701 Japanese flying squid Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup, 1880) todarodes pacificus Todarodes pacificus climbing fig plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9819 GRIN:16951 ITIS:502618 PLANTS:FIPU2 http://eol.org/pages/489706 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3332 climbing fig creeping fig creeping rubber plant Ficus pumila L. ficus pumila Ficus pumila Eledone white octopus http://langual.org CEC:1417 FAO ASFIS:EDT ITIS:556275 http://eol.org/pages/491494 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3679 musky octopus Eledone moschata (Lamarck 1798) Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798) eledone moschata Eledone moschata nyala http://langual.org ITIS:625128 MSW3:14200727 http://eol.org/pages/1038786 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4376 nyala Tragelaphus angasii Angas, 1848 Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849 tragelaphus angasii Tragelaphus angasii common octopus http://langual.org CEC:1421 FAO ASFIS:OCC ITIS:82603 http://eol.org/pages/492280 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3680 common octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuvier 1797 Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 octopus vulgaris Octopus vulgaris Octopodidae crustaceans Crustacea durian tree (Durio zibethinus) http://langual.org durian tree DPNL 2003:9418 GRIN:14755 ITIS:506099 MANSFELD:25525 PLANTS:DUZI http://eol.org/pages/483665 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2448 durian Durio zibethinus L. Durio zibethinus Murray durio zibethinus Durio zibethinus annatto plant http://langual.org CCPR: GRIN:7249 ITIS:22251 PLANTS:BIOR http://eol.org/pages/584439 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3392 achiote annatto arnatto lipstick tree roucou urucum Bixa orellana L. annato arnatto lipsticktree Bixa orellana red-brown ark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:79380 http://eol.org/pages/450168 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3546 Barbatia cancellaria Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819) barbatia cancellaria Barbatia cancellaria summer flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1105 FAO ASFIS:FLS ITIS:172735 http://eol.org/pages/204043 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1883 summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766) flounder, summer paralichthys dentatus Paralichthys dentatus Eucarida Decapoda penaeid shrimps Penaeidae giant tiger prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1210 FAO ASFIS:GIT ITIS:95638 http://eol.org/pages/1024670 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2612 black tiger shrimp giant tiger prawn tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 black tiger prawn penaeus monodon tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food. whiteleg shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1216 FAO ASFIS:PNV ITIS:551682 http://eol.org/pages/1036948 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2234 Litopenaeus vannamei Pacific white shrimp Pacific white shrimp Vannamei prawn Vannamei shrimp king prawn white Pacific shrimp white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 pacific white shrimp penaeus vannamei Penaeus vannamei white catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ITC ITIS:164037 http://eol.org/pages/995102 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2183 white catfish Ameiurus catus Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus, 1758) ictalurus catus Ameiurus catus yellow bullhead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ITN ITIS:164041 http://eol.org/pages/995105 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2607 yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819) catfish, yellow bullhead ictalurus natalis yellow catfish Ameiurus natalis blue catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ITF FDA RFE 2010:22 ITIS:163997 http://eol.org/pages/995103 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1900 blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840) Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840) catfish, blue ictalurus furcatus Ictalurus furcatus Pleocyemata Caridea palaemonid shrimps Palaemonidae Macrobrachium A species of flowering plant in the willow family, it is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The species is also found in northern British Columbia, and occurs in Russia. tealeaf willow plant WIKIPEDIA:Salix_pulchra http://langual.org Salix pulchra* is one of the least bitter-tasting willows in Alaska, and in the springtime, young leaves may be harvested for human consumption. The leaves and shoots were eaten by the Eskimo raw and dried, or stored in seal oil for future use. The leaves were also used to brew tea and make soup. At Nunivak Island, parts of this plant were chewed to treat ailments such as mouth sores and pain. This willow also provides a good source of vitamin C. ITIS:22488 PLANTS:SAPU15 http://eol.org/pages/585411 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4502 diamondleaf willow salix pulchra tealeaf willow thin red willow Salix pulchra Cham. Salix pulchra Vanilla x tahitensis Vanilla x tahitensis Pandalus northern shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1224 FAO ASFIS:PRA ITIS:96967 http://eol.org/pages/318602 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1970 northern red shrimp northern shrimp Pandalus borealis Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838 Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838 cold-water prawn coldwater prawn deepwater prawn pandalus borealis Pandalus borealis clawed lobsters Nephropidae Homarus american lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1303 FAO ASFIS:LBA ITIS:97314 http://eol.org/pages/318853 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1949 American lobster Homarus americanus Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837 homarus americanus northern lobster Homarus americanus european lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1304 FAO ASFIS:LBE ITIS:97315 http://eol.org/pages/1039672 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1950 European lobster Homarus gammarus Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758) astacus europaeus astacus marinus cancer gammarus homarus gammarus homarus marinus homarus vulgaris Homarus gammarus Benthophilinae Ponticolini true lobsters and crayfishes Astacidea *Astacus astacus*, the European crayfish, noble crayfish or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe. Like other crayfish, The European crayfish is restricted to freshwater, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers and lakes. It is found from France throughout central Europe, to the Balkan peninsula, and north as far as parts of the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the western parts of the former Soviet Union. *Astacus astacus* is susceptible to the crayfish plague carried by the invasive American species *Pacifastacus leniusculus*, and is therefore listed as "vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Citation: Sket, B. 1996. Astacus astacus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 January 2007. noble crayfish WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_astacus http://langual.org CEC 1993:1263 FAO ASFIS:AAS ITIS:97333 http://eol.org/pages/1021866 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3453 broad-fingered crayfish noble crayfish Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) astacus astacus braod-fingered crayfish european crayfish Astacus astacus crayfish Astacoidea Procambarus red swamp crayfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RCW ITIS:97491 http://eol.org/pages/344571 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2231 red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) crawfish, red swamp louisiana crawfish louisiana crayfish procambarus clarkii Procambarus clarkii spiny lobsters Palinuridae Palinurus Panulirus japanese spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NUJ ITIS:552975 http://eol.org/pages/324110 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2168 Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824) panulirus japonicus Panulirus japonicus caribbean spiny lobster WIKIPEDIA:Panulirus_argus http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1256 FAO ASFIS:SLC ITIS:97648 http://eol.org/pages/344167 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2164 Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) florida lobster panulirus argus Panulirus argus hermit crabs Anomura stone and king crabs Lithodidae Paralithodes red king crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:KCD ITIS:97935 http://eol.org/pages/342038 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2211 Kamchatka crab red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) alaska deepsea crab japanese crab king crab paralithodes camtschaticus Paralithodes camtschaticus short-tailed crabs true crabs Brachyura rock crabs Cancridae Cancer edible rock crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1276 FAO ASFIS:CRE ITIS:98681 http://eol.org/pages/1022230 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1960 edible crab rock crab Cancer pagurus Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758 cancer pagurus edible crab Cancer pagurus atlantic rock crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1274 FAO ASFIS:CRK ITIS:98679 http://eol.org/pages/1021309 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2350 Atlantic rock crab Cancer irroratus Cancer irroratus Say, 1817 cancer irroratus Cancer irroratus swimming crabs Portunidae Callinectes blue crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1281 FAO ASFIS:CRB FDA RFE 2010:6 ITIS:98696 http://eol.org/pages/312939 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1648 blue crab Callinectes sapidus Callinectes sapidus M. J. Rathbun, 1896 Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 callinectes sapidus Callinectes sapidus Portunoidea The California Quail, *Callipepla californica*, also known as the California Valley Quail or Valley Quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is the state bird of California. california quail WIKIPEDIA:California_Quail http://langual.org ITIS:175876 http://eol.org/pages/1049189 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4365 California quail Callipepla californica (Shaw, 1798) callipepla californica Callipepla californica Menippe black stone crab florida stone crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1279 FAO ASFIS:STC ITIS:98811 http://eol.org/pages/1021778 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1944 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4136 Florida stone crab Menippe mercenaria Menippe mercenaria (Say, 1818) black stone crab menippe menippe mercenaria stone crab Menippe mercenaria hairy sponge crab http://langual.org ITIS:621718 http://eol.org/pages/1019397 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2227 Cryptodromiopsis antillensis (Stimpson, 1858) cryptodromiopsis antillensis decorator crab velvet crab Dromidia antillensis *Crescentia alata* (variously called Mexican Calabash, Jicaro, Morrito, Winged Calabash) is a species in the trumpet-flower family *Bignoniaceae*, native to southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. The seeds are edible and high in protein with a licorice-like sweet taste, used in Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua to make a kind of horchata called Semilla de Jicaro. morrito plant WIKIPEDIA:Morro_seed http://langual.org GRIN:12207 ITIS:506047 PLANTS:CRAL11 http://eol.org/pages/483784 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4462 Crescentia alata Kunth crescentia alata jicaro morro tecomate Crescentia alata Euphausiidae Euphausia antarctic krill http://langual.org CEC 1993:1190 FAO ASFIS:KRI ITIS:95514 http://eol.org/pages/509426 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1954 Euphausia superba Dana, 1852 euphausia spp. euphausia superba krill, antarctic Euphausia superba norway lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1306 FAO ASFIS:NEP ITIS:97317 http://eol.org/pages/128512 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1956 Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758) langoustine nephrops norvegicus scampi Nephrops norvegicus nursehound http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:33 FAO ASFIS:SYT ITIS:160067 http://eol.org/pages/994481 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3517 nursehound Scyliorhinus stellaris Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) greater spotted dogfish large spotted dogfish scyliorhinus stellaris squalus stellaris Scyliorhinus stellaris siamese crocodile http://langual.org CEC 1993:1486 FAO ASFIS:CDS ITIS:202202 http://eol.org/pages/795275 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3805 Siamese crocodile Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801 crocodylus siamensis siamese freshwater crocodile Crocodylus siamensis Macrourus white sapote plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8412 GRIN:9292 ITIS:506385 PLANTS:CAED6 http://eol.org/pages/483587 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4241 Mexican-apple matasano white sapote Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex. Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex. casimiroa edulis Casimiroa edulis indian lettuce plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10654 GRIN:21341 ITIS:505918 PLANTS:LAIN13 http://eol.org/pages/590834 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3342 Lactuca indica L. lactuca indica chola guitarfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:74 FAO ASFIS:GUD ITIS:160817 http://eol.org/pages/208605 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4127 Chola guitarfish Rhinobatos percellens (Walbaum, 1792) Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792 rhinobatos percellens Pseudobatos percellens baobab plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7138 GRIN:1433 ITIS:21591 PLANTS:ADDI3 http://eol.org/pages/584789 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2759 baobab Adansonia digitata L. adansonia digitata adansonia somalensis adansonia sphaerocarpa adansonia sulcata dead-rat tree monkey-bread tree upside-down tree Adansonia digitata peruvian menhaden http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:173 FAO ASFIS:MES ITIS:551294 http://eol.org/pages/205035 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2176 Pacific menhaden Ethmidium maculatum Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847) Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847) brevoortia maculate chilcae ethmidium chilcae ethmidium maculatum machuelo Ethmidium maculatum Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a North American species of blueberry which has become a food crop of significant economic importance. highbush blueberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13737 GRIN:41002 ITIS:23573 MANSFELD:1753 PLANTS:VACO http://eol.org/pages/484405 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2026 American blueberry american blueberry highbush blueberry highbush blueberry southern blueberry swamp blueberry vaccinium corymbosum vaccinium formosum (non acceptable) Vaccinium corymbosum L. Vaccinium corymbosum mountain nyala http://langual.org ITIS:625129 MSW3:14200728 http://eol.org/pages/1038787 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4377 mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni (Lydekker, 1910) Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910 tragelaphus buxtoni Tragelaphus buxtoni Caenogastropoda Strombus colorado snapper http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LJC ITIS:168867 http://eol.org/pages/207856 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1804 colorado snapper pargo colorado pargo rojo Lutjanus colorado Lutjanus colorado Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 Lutjanus colorado Jordan and Gilbert, 1882 lutjanus colorado snapper, colorado Lutjanus colorado ide http://langual.org CEC 1993:337 FAO ASFIS:FID ITIS:163576 http://eol.org/pages/207288 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2713 ide orfe silver orfe Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) golden orfes leuciscus idus Leuciscus idus silver catfish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:HIY ITIS:164087 http://eol.org/pages/223144 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2316 Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758) schilbe mystus Schilbe mystus burbot http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:446 FAO ASFIS:FBU ITIS:164725 http://eol.org/pages/204768 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1627 burbot Lota lota Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) lota lota lota maculosa Lota lota fantail mullet http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MMW ITIS:170339 http://eol.org/pages/356292 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1784 fantail mullet silver mullet white mullet Mugil trichodon Poey, 1875 mugil trichodon mullet, fantail Mugil trichodon false herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HCC ITIS:161753 http://eol.org/pages/206572 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3854 false herring Harengula clupeola Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) false herring harengula clupeola Harengula clupeola redear sardine http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HCU ITIS:161754 http://eol.org/pages/206573 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3855 redear herring redear sardine Harengula humeralis Harengula humeralis (Cuvier, 1829) harengula humeralis redear herring Harengula humeralis plumed scorpionfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SGN ITIS:166820 http://eol.org/pages/209579 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2608 plumed scorpionfish Scorpaena grandicornis Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829 Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier, 1829 lionfish scorpaena grandicornis turkeyfish Scorpaena grandicornis *Sepiola atlantica*, also known as the Atlantic bobtail, is a species of bobtail squid native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean (65ºN to 35ºN), from Iceland, the Faroe Islands and western Norway to the Moroccan coast. There is a single record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea. atlantic bobtail WIKIPEDIA:Sepiola_atlantica http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:IOT ITIS:82357 http://eol.org/pages/448833 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4531 Sepiola atlantica D'Orbigny, 1839-1842 Sepiola atlantica d’Orbigny, 1839 little cuttle sepiola atlantica Sepiola atlantica arctic grayling http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:TLA ITIS:162016 http://eol.org/pages/204794 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2860 Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus Thymallus arcticus (Pallas 1776) Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776) thymallus arcticus Thymallus arcticus Rastrelliger indian mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:965 FAO ASFIS:RAG ITIS:172462 http://eol.org/pages/208604 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2934 Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) rastrelliger kanagurta Rastrelliger kanagurta Asteridae asterids rosids *Sisymbrium altissimum* is a species of *Sisymbrium*. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America. Edible Parts: Leaves, Seed. Edible Uses: Condiment. Young leaves and shoots - raw or cooked. A somewhat hot flavour, they can be used as a flavouring in salads or cooked as a potherb. Seed - ground into a powder and used as a gruel or as a mustard-like flavouring in soups etc. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sisymbrium+altissimum] tumble mustard plant WIKIPEDIA:Sisymbrium_altissimum http://langual.org GRIN:34451 ITIS:23312 PLANTS:SIAL2 http://eol.org/pages/583815 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1737 tall rocket Sisymbrium altissimum L. sisymbrium altissimum Sisymbrium altissimum pinkspotted shrimp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PNB ITIS:551571 http://eol.org/pages/1021950 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1957 pinkspotted shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817 farfantepenaeus brasiliensis penaeus brasiliensis Penaeus brasiliensis caramote prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1207 FAO ASFIS:TGS ITIS:551590 http://eol.org/pages/999884 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3490 Melicertus kerathurus Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775) Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål 1775) Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål, 1775) melicertus kerathurus penaeus caramote penaeus kerathurus penaeus trisulcatus tripple-grooved shrimp Penaeus kerathurus banana prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1209 FAO ASFIS:PBA ITIS:551580 http://eol.org/pages/344689 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3629 Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1888) Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888 Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888 fenneropenaeus merguiensis penaeus merguiensis Penaeus merguiensis pacific anchoveta http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:209 FAO ASFIS:VEP ITIS:161862 http://eol.org/pages/211952 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3833 Pacific anchoveta Pacific anchovy Cetengraulis mysticetus Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867) cetengraulis mystecetus Cetengraulis mysticetus The White ginger lily (*Hedychium coronarium*) is originally from the Himalayas region of Nepal and India where it is known as dolan champa. white ginger plant WIKIPEDIA:Hedychium_coronarium http://langual.org GRIN:18576 ITIS:42396 PLANTS:HECO11 http://eol.org/pages/1118165 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4344 Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Hedychium coronarium Koenig hedychium coronarium Hedychium coronarium acerola plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11046 GRIN:23206 ITIS:565291 MANSFELD:14412 PLANTS:MAGL6 http://eol.org/pages/398658 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1360 Barbados cherry acerola huesito Malpighia glabra L. barbados cherry malpighia glabra malpighia marginata west indian cherry Malpighia glabra saccharomyceta saccharomyceta pacific ocean perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1059 FAO ASFIS:OPP FDA RFE 2010:66 ITIS:166707 http://eol.org/pages/994486 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1034 Pacific ocean perch Sebastes alutus Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890) sebastes alutus Sebastes alutus splitnose rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SFD ITIS:166716 http://eol.org/pages/203882 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2669 splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa Sebastes diploproa (Gilbert, 1890) sebastes diploproa Sebastes diploproa widow rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1061 FAO ASFIS:WRO FDA RFE 2010:69 ITIS:166719 http://eol.org/pages/994488 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1776 widow rockfish Sebastes entomelas Sebastes entomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Sebastes entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) rockfish, widow sebastes entomelas Sebastes entomelas yellowtail rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1062 FAO ASFIS:YRO FDA RFE 2010:70 ITIS:166720 http://eol.org/pages/994489 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1777 yellowtain rockfish Sebastes flavidus Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862) rockfish, yellowtail sebastes flavidus Sebastes flavidus chilipepper (fish) http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SGO FDA RFE 2010:71 ITIS:166722 http://eol.org/pages/207353 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1769 chilipepper Sebastes goodei Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890) Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890) sebastes goodei Sebastes goodei cowcod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:166754 http://eol.org/pages/207356 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1767 cowcod Sebastes levis Sebastes levis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889) sebastes levis Sebastes levis black rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RMG ITIS:166727 http://eol.org/pages/209605 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1770 black rockfish Sebastes melanops Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856 rockfish, black sebastes melanops Sebastes melanops vermilion rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SFW ITIS:166729 http://eol.org/pages/211616 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1766 vermillion rockfish Sebastes miniatus Sebastes miniatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Sebastes miniatus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) rockfish, vermilion sebastes miniatus Sebastes miniatus blue rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SFY ITIS:166730 http://eol.org/pages/211617 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2667 blue rockfish Sebastes mystinus Sebastes mystinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881) Sebastes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881) sebastes mystinus Sebastes mystinus speckled rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:166757 http://eol.org/pages/211618 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1775 speckled rockfish Sebastes ovalis Sebastes ovalis (Ayres, 1862) rockfish, speckled sebastes ovalis Sebastes ovalis bocaccio http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SBC ITIS:166733 http://eol.org/pages/209611 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1682 bocaccio Sebastes paucispinis Sebastes paucispinis Ayres, 1854 sebastes paucispinis Sebastes paucispinis canary rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SPG FDA RFE 2010:75 ITIS:166734 http://eol.org/pages/211620 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1774 canary rockfish Sebastes pinniger Sebastes pinniger (Gill, 1864) rockfish, canary sebastes pinniger Sebastes pinniger yelloweye rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RRV FDA RFE 2010:77 ITIS:166740 http://eol.org/pages/203887 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1773 yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895) Sebastes ruberrimus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) rockfish, yelloweye sebastes ruberrimus Sebastes ruberrimus bank rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:166761 http://eol.org/pages/211627 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1772 bank rockfish Sebastes rufus Sebastes rufus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890) rockfish, bank sebastes rufus Sebastes rufus stripetail rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RVT ITIS:166741 http://eol.org/pages/207358 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2668 stripetail rockfish Sebastes saxicola Sebastes saxicola (Gilbert, 1890) sebastes saxicola Sebastes saxicola olive rockfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SED ITIS:166763 http://eol.org/pages/207360 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1771 olive rockfish Sebastes serranoides Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890) Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890) rockfish, olive sebastes serranoides Sebastes serranoides Scorpaena Maleae barred grunt http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:696 FAO ASFIS:BRG ITIS:169090 http://eol.org/pages/357150 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3943 barred grunt cro-cro grunt yellow cro-cro Conodon nobilis Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) conodon nobilis Conodon nobilis scrawled sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:172983 http://eol.org/pages/217131 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2287 scrawled sole Trinectes inscriptus Trinectes inscriptus (Gosse, 1851) trinectes inscriptus Trinectes inscriptus devil ray http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:RMH ITIS:160997 http://eol.org/pages/986006 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2296 Atlantic devil ray lesser devil ray small devilfish Mobula hypostoma Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831) mobula hypostoma Mobula hypostoma *Senna alexandrina *(Alexandrian senna) is an ornamental plant in the genus Senna. It is used in herbalism. It grows natively in lower Egypt, especially in the Nubian region, and near Khartoum (Sudan), where it is cultivated commercially. It is also grown elsewhere, notably in India and Somalia. Historically, Senna alexandrina was used in the form of senna pods, or as herbal tea made from the leaves, as a laxative. It also serves as a fungicide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_alexandrina] true senna plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13050 GRIN:100067 ITIS:505142 PLANTS:SEAL5 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4189 Indian senna casse jalelo Senna alexandrina Mill. Senna alexandrina P. Mill. alexandrian senna senna alexandrina Senna alexandrina Cambarinae Pachygrapsus mottled shore crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:YGT ITIS:99047 http://eol.org/pages/344572 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3566 mottled shore crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) african matchbox crab pachygrapsus transversus Pachygrapsus transversus Asparagales Euheterodonta starry skate http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:99 FAO ASFIS:RFT ITIS:160854 http://eol.org/pages/211773 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4098 starry skate Raja stellulata Raja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Raja stellulata Jordan and Gilbert, 1880 raja stellulata Raja stellulata cape dory Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ZCP ITIS:625289 http://eol.org/pages/213647 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2184 Cape dory Zeus capensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835 Zeus capensis Valenciennes, 1835 zeus capensis Zeus capensis Carduinae chilean croaker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:IAG ITIS:646585 http://eol.org/pages/216364 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1814 corvina corvina drum Cilus gilberti Cilus gilberti (Abbott 1899) Cilus gilberti (Abbott, 1899) chilean grunt cilus gilberti corvina Cilus gilberti french rose plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12615 GRIN:5351 ITIS:24827 PLANTS:ROGA http://eol.org/pages/635719 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4521 French rose apothecary rose red-rose-of-Lancaster Rosa gallica L. apothecary rose hungarian rose officinal rose red rose red-rose-of-lancaster rosa gallica Rosa gallica dog rose plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12609 GRIN:5309 ITIS:24819 PLANTS:ROCA3 http://eol.org/pages/234403 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2961 dog briar Rosa canina L. rosa canina Rosa canina chive Allium schoenoprasum chinook salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:247 FAO ASFIS:CHI FDA RFE 2010:44 ITIS:161980 http://eol.org/pages/205252 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1132 Chinook salmon king salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792) king salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha salmon, chinook spring salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha horse-eye jack http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:NXL ITIS:168610 http://eol.org/pages/356288 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2178 horse-eye jack Caranx latus Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 Caranx latus Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1831 caranx latus jack, horse-eye jurel (horse-eye jack) Caranx latus bluefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:BLU ITIS:168559 http://eol.org/pages/205264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1512 blue fish Pomatomus saltatrix Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) pomatomus saltatrix Pomatomus saltatrix european dewberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12664 GRIN:32278 ITIS:24898 PLANTS:RUCA http://eol.org/pages/623336 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4208 Rubus caesius L. rubus caesius Rubus caesius black raspberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12672 GRIN:32401 ITIS:24854 PLANTS:RUOC http://eol.org/pages/244604 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1618 black raspberry Rubus occidentalis L. rubus occidentalis Rubus occidentalis purple-flowered raspberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12673 GRIN:32402 ITIS:24997 PLANTS:RUOD http://eol.org/pages/628233 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4268 flowering raspberry Rubus odoratus L. rubus odoratus Rubus odoratus *Rubus phoenicolasius* (Japanese Wineberry, Wineberry, or Wine Raspberry) is a species of raspberry (*Rubus* subgenus *Idaeobatus*) native to northern China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become naturalised and sometimes invasive in parts of Europe and eastern North America. wineberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_phoenicolasius http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12674 GRIN:32416 ITIS:25017 PLANTS:RUPH http://eol.org/pages/632717 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4261 Japanese wineberry duo xian xuan gou zi wine raspberry Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. japanese wineberry rubus phoenicolasius wine raspberry Rubus phoenicolasius *Rubus ulmifolius* is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name zarzamora. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and it is widely known elsewhere as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is a brambly shrub with compound leaves and small, white or pink flowers. The fruit is a blackberry. elmleaf blackberry plant WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_ulmifolius http://langual.org GRIN:313548 ITIS:504890 PLANTS:RUUL http://eol.org/pages/625649 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4298 Rubus ulmifolius Schott rubus ulmifolius thornless blackberry zarzamora Rubus ulmifolius california blackberry plant http://langual.org GRIN:32482 GRIN:415605 GRIN:415606 ITIS:25073 ITIS:524637 ITIS:524638 ITIS:530962 ITIS:566767 ITIS:566768 PLANTS:RUUR PLANTS:RUURM PLANTS:RUURS PLANTS:RUURU PLANTS:RUURU2 http://eol.org/pages/244332 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4207 California blackberry Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. sirbenus (L.H. Bailey) J.T. Howell Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. ursinus Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde Rubus ursinus ssp. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. Rubus ursinus subsp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde Rubus ursinus subsp. ursinus Rubus ursinus var. sirbenus (Bailey) J.T. Howell Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schldl. Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. pacific blackberry pacific dewberry rubus ursinus Rubus ursinus flathead catfish species http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:IPO ITIS:164029 http://eol.org/pages/221296 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2582 flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818) catfish, flathead pylodictis olivaris Pylodictis olivaris red hawaiian porgy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FDA RFE 2010:12 ITIS:169231 http://eol.org/pages/344840 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1815 cockney snapper eastern snapper golden snapper old man red snapper old man snapper queen red bream silver seabream squirefish western bream Chrysophrys auratus Chrysophrys auratus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) australia red seabream chrysophrys auratus porgy, red hawaiian Pagrus auratus canadian wild rice plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13989 GRIN:42267 ITIS:41319 PLANTS:ZIAQ http://eol.org/pages/1114723 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4245 Canadian wild rice Zizania aquatica L. annual wild rice annual wildrice zizania aquatica Zizania aquatica Alaska blackfish are found in swamps, ponds, lakes, and streams with vegetation for cover, in tundra and forested locations not far inland. Their range includes Alaska and the Bering Sea islands. Alaska Natives once ate these fish and fed them to their dogs, catching them in the fall and freezing them for use over winter. alaska blackfish WIKIPEDIA:Dallia_pectoralis http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:DAP ITIS:162159 http://eol.org/pages/1012685 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4482 Alaska blackfish Dallia pectoralis Bean, 1880 dallia pectoralis Dallia pectoralis prickly lettuce plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10661 GRIN:21365 ITIS:36608 MANSFELD:32046 PLANTS:LASE http://eol.org/pages/468149 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2951 Lactuca scariola compass-plant prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola L. Lactuca serriola Echinozoa neet (fish) http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:NRN ITIS:649174 http://eol.org/pages/570862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2318 poor man's tropheus Neetroplus nematopus Günther, 1867 hypsophrys nematopus neetroplus nematopus poor man's tropheus LanguaL curation note: Renamed from NEAT (FISH), LanguaL 2009 (spelling mistake). Hypsophrys nematopus red drum http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:749 FAO ASFIS:RDM FDA RFE 2010:60 ITIS:169290 http://eol.org/pages/993263 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2460 channel bass red drum redfish spottail bass Sciaenops ocellatus Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766) sciaenops ocellatus Sciaenops ocellatus sea urchin http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1501 FAO ASFIS:URS ITIS:157949 http://eol.org/pages/599659 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2107 Echinus esculentus Echinus esculentus Linnaeus 1758 Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758 echinus esculentus evechinus chloroticus heliocidaris spp. loxechimus spp. paracentrotus lividus pseudocentrotus spp. strongylocentrotus spp. Echinus esculentus black kingklip http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CUB ITIS:165003 http://eol.org/pages/1004130 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1857 Genypterus maculatus Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi 1846) Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846) black cusk-eel genypterus maculatus kingklip, black Genypterus maculatus Cheilodactylidae Nemadactylus The porae or blue morwong, *Nemadactylus douglasii*, is a morwong of the genus *Nemadactylus*, found around south eastern Australia and the north eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand at depths of about 10 to 100 metres, on sandy and rocky coasts. Its length is between 40 and 100 cm. Max weight is at least 12 kg. porae WIKIPEDIA:Nemadactylus_douglasii http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:377002 FAO ASFIS:CDD ITIS:645482 http://eol.org/pages/224006 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4287 porae Nemadactylus douglasii Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector 1875) Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector, 1875) Nemadactylus douglasii Hector, 1875 grey morwong nemadactylus douglasii Nemadactylus douglasii tarakihi http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:850 FAO ASFIS:TAK ITIS:170262 http://eol.org/pages/205589 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1910 tarakihi Nemadactylus macropterus Nemadactylus macropterus (Block and Schneider, 1801) Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster, 1801) jackass morwong morwong, jackass nemadactylus macropterus Nemadactylus macropterus round kumquat plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:9854 GRIN:237 ITIS:502643 MANSFELD:7544 PLANTS:FOJA http://eol.org/pages/483556 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2775 marumi kumquat meiwa kumquat Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle fortunella japonica marumi kumquat Citrus japonica *Nuphar lutea* (Yellow Water-lily) is an aquatic plant of the family *Nymphaeaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. Root - raw or cooked. The root can be soaked in water in order to remove a bitter taste. After long boiling, it has a taste like sheep's liver. The root can also be dried and ground into a powder then used as a thickener in soups, or can be added to cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc. Seed - raw or cooked. It can be roasted, then ground into a powder and eaten raw or used to thicken soups etc. The seed can also be toasted like popcorn. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Nuphar+lutea] yellow pond lily plant WIKIPEDIA:Nuphar_lutea http://langual.org Use Food: Native people gathered the thick rootstocks in winter and spring, boiled or roasted them for several hours, then peeled them to expose their sweet, gluey contents. Rootstocks were also sliced, dried and ground into meal or flour. The starchy seeds can be difficult to remove, so the tribes rotted the fruits until the pods became soft. The heated seeds swell like poor-quality popcorn, making a crunchy snack. (Kershaw) [https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=nulu DPNL 2003:11411 GRIN:416165 ITIS:503968 PLANTS:NULU http://eol.org/pages/486680 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4463 brandy-bottle yellow pond lily yellow pond-lily yellow water lily yellow water-lily Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. nuphar lutea yellow water-lily Nuphar lutea Vertebrata <vertebrates> Vertebrata vertebrates Vertebrata vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> sea lamprey http://langual.org CEC 1993:6 FAO ASFIS:LAU ITIS:159722 http://eol.org/pages/580535 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2704 marine lamprey sea lamprey sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758 petromyzon marinus Petromyzon marinus giant goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1041 FAO ASFIS:GBC ITIS:171841 http://eol.org/pages/2802148 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3925 giant goby Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1811 Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814 gobius cobitis Gobius cobitis Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> cartilaginous fishes fish fishes Chondrichthyes elasmobranchs Elasmobranchii Raja thornback ray http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:RJC ITIS:160901 http://eol.org/pages/209174 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4085 thornback ray Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 raja clavata Raja clavata little skate http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:95 FAO ASFIS:RJD ITIS:564130 http://eol.org/pages/217228 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4086 little skate Leucoraja erinacea Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825) Raja erinacea (Mitchill 1852) Raja erinacea Mitchill, 1825 leucoraja erinacea raja erinacea Leucoraja erinacea Squalus dogfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:64 FAO ASFIS:DGS ITIS:160617 http://eol.org/pages/206805 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1913 spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 dogfish, spiny greyfish piked dogfish spiny dogfish squalus acanthias Squalus acanthias requiem sharks Carcharhinidae gray sharks Carcharhinus dusky shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:39 FAO ASFIS:DUS ITIS:160268 http://eol.org/pages/212281 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3531 dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) carcharhinus obscurus Carcharhinus obscurus sandbar shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:40 FAO ASFIS:CCP ITIS:160289 http://eol.org/pages/218733 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3527 sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) carcharhinus plumbeus Carcharhinus plumbeus smalltail shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CCR ITIS:160340 http://eol.org/pages/212086 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3529 smalltail shark Carcharhinus porosus Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1840) carcharhinus porosus Carcharhinus porosus Mustelus dusky smooth-hound http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CTI ITIS:160230 http://eol.org/pages/994610 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2312 smooth dogfish Mustelus canis Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815) gummy shark mustelus canis smooth dogfish smooth hound Mustelus canis gummy shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:50 FAO ASFIS:CTU ITIS:160249 http://eol.org/pages/988264 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3512 gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus Mustelus antarcticus Günther, 1870 lemonfish mustelus antarcticus Mustelus antarcticus passion fruit http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11657 DPNL 2003:11658 DPNL 2003:11659 GRIN:26962 ITIS:22223 PLANTS:PAED http://eol.org/pages/584518 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1634 passion fruit Passiflora edulis Sims Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O.Deg. granadilla passiflora edulis purple granadilla Passiflora edulis hammerheads Sphyrna scalloped hammerhead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SPL ITIS:160508 http://eol.org/pages/994497 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2592 scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) hammerhead, scalloped sphyrna lewini Sphyrna lewini bonnethead http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SPJ ITIS:160502 http://eol.org/pages/224169 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2594 bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) sphyrna tiburo Sphyrna tiburo Scyliorhinus small-spotted catshark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:31 FAO ASFIS:SYC ITIS:160065 http://eol.org/pages/994476 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3518 smaller spotted catshark smaller spotted dogfish spotted catshark spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) rock salmon scyliorhinus canicula Scyliorhinus canicula houndsharks Triakidae mackerel sharks Lamninae Isurus longfin mako shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:20 FAO ASFIS:LMA ITIS:159926 http://eol.org/pages/206719 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2472 longfin mako longfin mako shark Isurus paucus Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966 isurus paucus Isurus paucus Lamna porbeagle http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:22 FAO ASFIS:POR ITIS:159911 http://eol.org/pages/205461 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1978 Lamna nasus Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) lamna cornubica lamna nasus Lamna nasus The blackcurrant (*Ribes nigrum*) is a woody shrub in the family *Grossulariaceae* grown for its piquant berries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackcurrant] black currant plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12576 GRIN:31845 ITIS:24488 MANSFELD:17044 PLANTS:RINI http://eol.org/pages/583204 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1192 European black currant Ribes nigrum L. blackcurrent ribes nigrum Ribes nigrum atlantic calico scallop http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1343 FAO ASFIS:SCC ITIS:79734 http://eol.org/pages/448753 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1945 Argopecten gibbus Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) aequipecten gibbus argopecten gibbus calico scallop pecten gibbus Argopecten gibbus Trigonella foenumgraecum fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum skates Rajiformes guitarfishes Rhinobatidae chimaeras Chimaeriformes elephant fish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:CHB ITIS:564644 http://eol.org/pages/211440 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2269 Australian ghost shark elephant fish elephant shark ghost shark makorepe plownose chimaera reperepe Callorhinchus milii Callorhinchus milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823) Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823 callorhynchus millii elephant shark silver trumpeter Callorhinchus milii ratfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:121 FAO ASFIS:CMO ITIS:161022 http://eol.org/pages/227516 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2878 rabbit fish Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 chimaera monstrosa hydrolagus novaezelandiae hydrolagus spp. Chimaera monstrosa sturgeons Acipenseridae Acipenser russian sturgeoun http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:APG ITIS:161073 http://eol.org/pages/356566 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3811 Caspian sturgeon Russian sturgeon osietra Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeberg 1833 Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833 acipenser gueldenstaedti acipenser güldenstädti danube sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii sevruga http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:APE ITIS:161078 http://eol.org/pages/206889 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3813 sevruga starry sturgeon stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 acipenser stellatus starry surgeon Acipenser stellatus white sturgeon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:136 FAO ASFIS:APN ITIS:161068 http://eol.org/pages/223783 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1973 white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836 acipenser transmontanus Acipenser transmontanus sterlet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:APR ITIS:161079 http://eol.org/pages/211359 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3814 sterlet Acipenser ruthenus Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 acipenser ruthenus siberian sterlet Acipenser ruthenus green sturgeon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:130 FAO ASFIS:AAM ITIS:161067 http://eol.org/pages/206886 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1972 green sturgeon short-nose sturgeon Acipenser medirostris Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854 acipenser medirostris Acipenser medirostris paddlefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PAM ITIS:161088 http://eol.org/pages/208600 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1412 Mississippi paddlefish North American paddlefish Polyodon spathula Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792) polyodon spathula Polyodon spathula bowfin http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:140 FAO ASFIS:AAC ITIS:161104 http://eol.org/pages/223782 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2436 bowfin Amia calva Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766 amia calva mudfish Amia calva true eels Anguilliformes Anguilla european eel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:389 FAO ASFIS:ELE ITIS:161128 http://eol.org/pages/356349 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2706 European eel European freshwater eel Anguilla anguilla Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) anguilla anguilla Anguilla anguilla japanese eel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:392 FAO ASFIS:ELJ ITIS:161134 http://eol.org/pages/206835 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3497 Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1847 Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 anguilla japonica Anguilla japonica american eel http://langual.org freshwater eel 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:393 FAO ASFIS:ELA ITIS:161127 http://eol.org/pages/203862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2177 American eel Anguilla rostrata Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817) anguilla rostrata Anguilla rostrata short-finned eel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:390 FAO ASFIS:ELU ITIS:161133 http://eol.org/pages/221873 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2673 Australian eel Australian shortfin eel Anguilla australis Anguilla australis Richardson, 1841 anguilla australis Anguilla australis Muraenesox daggertooth pike-conger http://langual.org CEC 1993:400 FAO ASFIS:DPC ITIS:161296 http://eol.org/pages/205526 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3817 daggertooth pike conger pike eel Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) muraenesox cinereus sharp-toothed eel Muraenesox cinereus Clupeinae Clupea atlantic herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:166 FAO ASFIS:HER ITIS:161722 ITIS:161724 http://eol.org/pages/847095 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1586 Atlantic herring Clupea harengus Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758 Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus, 1758 atlantic sardine clupea harengus clupea harengus harengus herring, atlantic Clupea harengus carps and others Cypriniformes Cyprinidae grass carp http://langual.org CEC 1993:324 ITIS:163537 http://eol.org/pages/212044 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2867 grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844) Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) ctenopharyngodon idella Ctenopharyngodon idella The common carp or European carp (*Cyprinus carpio*) is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. It gives its name to the carp family *Cyprinidae. Cyprinus carpio* is the number 3 fish of aquaculture after Grass carp and Silver carp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_carp] common carp http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:326 FAO ASFIS:FCP ITIS:163344 http://eol.org/pages/985921 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1228 carp common carp fancy carp koi mirror carp Cyprinus carpio Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758 chub (carp) cyprinus carpio Cyprinus carpio The southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, *Fulmarus glacialis*, it belongs to the fulmar genus *Fulmarus* in the family *Procellariidae*, the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar. southern fulmar WIKIPEDIA:Southern_fulmar http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FUG ITIS:174540 http://eol.org/pages/1049463 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4567 Fulmarus glacialoides (A. Smith, 1840) antarctic fulmar fulmarus glacialoides silver-grey fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides giant freshwater prawn http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1232 FAO ASFIS:PRF ITIS:96343 http://eol.org/pages/344690 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1263 giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) giant freshwater shrimp giant river prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii Macrobrachium rosenbergii silver hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:477 FAO ASFIS:HKS ITIS:164791 http://eol.org/pages/205098 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2645 silver hake Merluccius bilinearis Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814) merluccius bilinearis Merluccius bilinearis white sucker http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ATO ITIS:553273 http://eol.org/pages/224315 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2402 white sucker Catostomus commersoni (Lacepède 1803) Catostomus commersonii Catostomus commersonii (Lacepède, 1803) buffalo fish (catostomus) catostomus commersoni Catostomus commersonii common verbena plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13787 GRIN:41164 ITIS:32110 PLANTS:VEOF http://eol.org/pages/579851 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3480 Common verbena common verbena common vervain kumatsuzura ma bian cao pigeon's-grass verbena officinalis Verbena officinalis L. Verbena officinalis North American freshwater catfishes bullhead catfishes Ictaluridae Ictalurus channel catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:380 FAO ASFIS:ITP FDA RFE 2010:23 ITIS:163998 http://eol.org/pages/204762 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1899 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) catfish, channel ictalurus punctatus Ictalurus punctatus Pangasiidae Pangasius pangas catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PGP ITIS:681712 http://eol.org/pages/205253 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3689 Pangas catfish yellowtail catfish Pangasius pangasius Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) pangasius pangasius yellowtail catfish Pangasius pangasius pikes and mudminnows Esociformes Esox northern pike http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:282 FAO ASFIS:FPI ITIS:162139 http://eol.org/pages/206652 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1143 northern pike Esox lucius Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 esox lucius Esox lucius smelts Osmeridae Osmerus rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax salmonids Salmonidae Oncorhynchus pink salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:PIN FDA RFE 2010:41 ITIS:161975 http://eol.org/pages/205246 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1116 humpback salmon pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) oncorhynchus gorbuscha salmon, pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha chum salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:242 FAO ASFIS:CHU ITIS:161976 http://eol.org/pages/205247 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1115 chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792) keta salmon oncorhynchus keta salmon, chum Oncorhynchus keta coho salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:243 FAO ASFIS:COH FDA RFE 2010:42 ITIS:161977 http://eol.org/pages/205248 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1117 coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) cohoe salmon medium red salmon oncorhynchus kisutch salmon, coho silver salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch cherry salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:244 FAO ASFIS:CHE ITIS:161978 http://eol.org/pages/205249 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1108 Japanese salmon cherry salmon masu salmon salmon trout Oncorhynchus masou Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856) Oncorhynchus masou (Jordan & Oshima 1919) Oncorhynchus masu (Brevoort, 1856) masou salmon oncorhynchus masou Oncorhynchus masou rainbow trout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:245 FAO ASFIS:TRR FDA RFE 2010:43 ITIS:161989 http://eol.org/pages/205250 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1109 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) oncorhynchus mykiss salmo gairdneri salmo irideus steelhead trout trout, rainbow Oncorhynchus mykiss sockeye salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SOC ITIS:161979 http://eol.org/pages/205251 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1128 sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792) blueback salmon oncorhynchus nerka red salmon redfish, little salmon, sockeye Oncorhynchus nerka Salmo The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and, due to human introduction, in the north Pacific Ocean. atlantic salmon http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:251 FAO ASFIS:SAL FDA RFE 2010:58 ITIS:161996 http://eol.org/pages/206776 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1587 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 salmo salar Salmo salar river trout Salmo trutta Salvelinus hog plum plant http://langual.org GRIN:35334 ITIS:28816 MANSFELD:28347 PLANTS:SPMO http://eol.org/pages/582279 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1307 Jamaica-plum hog-plum imbu joboInOwlInOwl ubos yellow mombin Spondias mombin L. ashanti plum jamaica-plum joboInOwl spondias lutea spondias mombin yellow mombin Spondias mombin arctic char http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:257 FAO ASFIS:ACH ITIS:162001 http://eol.org/pages/1156463 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1332 Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) char, alpine salvelinus alpinus Salvelinus alpinus The habanero chili was disseminated by Spanish colonists to other areas of the world, to the point that 18th-century taxonomists mistook China for its place of origin and called it *Capsicum chinense* ("the Chinese pepper"). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habanero] habanero pepper plant http://langual.org GRIN:8910 ITIS:30494 PLANTS:CACH30 http://eol.org/pages/581097 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2555 Scotch bonnet bonnet pepper habanero piri piri rocotillo Capsicum chinense Jacq. capsicum chinense pepper, habanero Capsicum chinense brook trout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:258 FAO ASFIS:SVF ITIS:162003 http://eol.org/pages/205276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1077 brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815) salvelinus fontinalis speckled trout Salvelinus fontinalis dolly varden http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:259 FAO ASFIS:VAR ITIS:162000 http://eol.org/pages/225241 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1683 Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma Salvelinus malma (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792) Salvelinus malma Taranetz 1933 salvelinus malma Salvelinus malma Lake trout (*Salvelinus namaycush*) is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, and grey trout. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_trout] lake trout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:260 FAO ASFIS:LAT ITIS:162002 http://eol.org/pages/205277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1503 lake trout Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792) cristivomer namaycush lake trout salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus namaycush Hucho cods and others Gadiformes cods tadpole cod Gadidae Gadus atlantic cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:441 FAO ASFIS:COD FDA RFE 2010:18 ITIS:164712 http://eol.org/pages/206692 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1842 Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 cod, atlantic gadus morhua Gadus morhua greenland cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:442 FAO ASFIS:GRC ITIS:164717 http://eol.org/pages/206695 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2865 Greenland cod Gadus ogac Gadus ogac Richardson, 1836 gadus ogac Gadus ogac haddock http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:447 FAO ASFIS:HAD FDA RFE 2010:37 ITIS:164744 http://eol.org/pages/212899 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1441 haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) gadus aeglifinus melanogrammus aeglefinus Melanogrammus aeglefinus european whiting http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:448 CEC 1993:449 FAO ASFIS:WHG ITIS:164758 http://eol.org/pages/216882 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2644 whiting Merlangius merlangus Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830) gadus merlangus merlangius merlangus Merlangius merlangus Pollachius saithe http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:461 FAO ASFIS:POK FDA RFE 2010:53 ITIS:164727 http://eol.org/pages/994633 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1440 pollock saithe Pollachius virens Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758) black cod black pollack coalfish gadus pollachius gadus virens lythe pollachius virens pollack pollock saithe sea salmon sillock Pollachius virens merluccid hakes southern hakes Merlucciidae Merluccius european hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:481 FAO ASFIS:HKE ITIS:164795 http://eol.org/pages/208465 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3892 Atlantic hake European hake chat densack seapike Merluccius merluccius Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) merluccius merluccius Merluccius merluccius sand seatrout http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:YNR ITIS:169243 http://eol.org/pages/1012532 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1104 sand weakfish Cynoscion arenarius Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930 cynoscion arenarius white seatrout Cynoscion arenarius Lophius pacific cod http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:440 FAO ASFIS:PCO FDA RFE 2010:17 ITIS:164711 http://eol.org/pages/206691 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1841 Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810 cod, pacific gadus macrocephalus Gadus macrocephalus norway pout http://langual.org CEC 1993:465 FAO ASFIS:NOP ITIS:164756 http://eol.org/pages/206050 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3354 Norway pout Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855) Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855) pout, norway trisopterus esmarkii Trisopterus esmarkii goosefish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1180 FAO ASFIS:ANG ITIS:164499 http://eol.org/pages/206727 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4073 American angler American goosefish anglerfish Lophius americanus Lophius americanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837 Lophius americanus Valenciennes, 1837 amercan angler lophius americanus Lophius americanus monkfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1182 FAO ASFIS:MON ITIS:164501 http://eol.org/pages/206728 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2401 allmouth goosefish angler Lophius piscatorius Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 allmouth anglerfish frogfish lophius piscatorius Lophius piscatorius Atheriniformes blue swimming crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SCD ITIS:199965 http://eol.org/pages/343654 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2213 blue swimmer crab sand crab Portunus pelagicus Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758 bluey portunus pelagicus Portunus pelagicus Cottioidei lumpfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1093 FAO ASFIS:LUM ITIS:167612 http://eol.org/pages/1011820 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1823 lumpfish lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus, 1758 cyclopterus lumpus lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus Scorpaenoidei perches and others Perciformes cichlids Cichlidae mozambique tilapia http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:823 FAO ASFIS:TLM FDA RFE 2010:46 ITIS:170015 http://eol.org/pages/356342 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1833 Hawaiian perch Hawaiian sunfish Java tilapia Mozambique cichlid Mozambique tilapia largemouth tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) oreochromis mossambicus tilapia mossambica tilapia, mozambique Oreochromis mossambicus nile tilapia http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:824 FAO ASFIS:TLN FDA RFE 2010:47 ITIS:553310 http://eol.org/pages/356343 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1834 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Oreochromis niloticus Trewavas 1983 oreochromis niloticus tilapia nilotica tilapia, nile Oreochromis niloticus Opah (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish, kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic *Lampriform* fish comprising the small family *Lampridae* (also spelled *Lamprididae*). moonfish WIKIPEDIA:Opah http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:268001 AFNS 2009 37:268900 CEC 1993:503 FAO ASFIS:LAG ITIS:166326 http://eol.org/pages/212278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4285 Jerusalem haddock North Atlantic opah opah Lampris guttatus Lampris guttatus & Lampris immaculatus Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) Lampris guttatus Brunnich, 1788 jerusalem haddock kingfish lampris guttatus opah redfin ocean pan sunfish Lampris guttatus Oreochromis Synodontidae atlantic lizardfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:387 FAO ASFIS:SDR ITIS:162380 http://eol.org/pages/212055 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3828 Atlantic lizardfish Synodus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758) lizardfish synodus saurus Synodus saurus jacks pompanos Carangidae Caranx Seriola temperate perches Percichthyidae Micromesistius blue whiting http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:453 FAO ASFIS:WHB ITIS:164774 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1837 Couch's whiting blue whiting poutassou Micromesistius poutassou Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1826) Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) micromesistius poutassou poutassou Micromesistius poutassou cusk http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:435 FAO ASFIS:USK FDA RFE 2010:5 ITIS:164740 http://eol.org/pages/205187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2143 tusk Brosme brosme Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772) brosme brosme brosmius brosme moonfish tusk Brosme brosme japan sea bass http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:591 FAO ASFIS:BAJ ITIS:167951 http://eol.org/pages/204582 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1760 Japanese seabass suzuki Lateolabrax japonicus Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier, 1828) lateolabrax japonicus sea bass, japanese Lateolabrax japonicus cuskfishes rocklings Lotidae perches Percidae Perca The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), commonly referred to as perch, is a freshwater perciform fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch was described in 1814 by Samuel Latham Mitchill from New York. It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch (Perca fluviatilis). yellow perch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:607 FAO ASFIS:FPY ITIS:168469 http://eol.org/pages/205259 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1177 American perch Dodd fish Perca flavescens coontail lake perch raccoon perch ring-tail perch ringed perch striped perch yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814) perca flavescens Perca flavescens eurasian perch http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:608 FAO ASFIS:FPE ITIS:168470 http://eol.org/pages/223357 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2336 European perch Perca fluviatilis european perch perca fluviatilis perch redfin Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 river perch Perca fluviatilis porgies Sparidae Pagrus red porgy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:797 FAO ASFIS:RPG ITIS:169207 http://eol.org/pages/204040 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2283 common sea bream common seabream red porgy Pagrus pagrus Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758) pagrus pagrus pagrus sedicem Pagrus pagrus gilt headed bream http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:793 FAO ASFIS:SBG ITIS:647901 http://eol.org/pages/587825 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2858 gilthead bream gilthead seabream silver seabream Sparus aurata Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 sparus aurata Sparus aurata sunfishes Centrarchidae Pomoxis The black crappie, *Pomoxis nigromaculatus* (Lesueur, 1829), is very similar to *P. annularis* in size, shape, and habits, except that it is darker, with a pattern of black spots. The black crappie has 7-8 spines on its dorsal fin. The number of spines on the dorsal fin, is occasionally the only way to differeniate between a juvenile black crappie and a white crappie. The black crappie tends to prefer clearer water than the white crappie does. Its native range is uncertain, since it has been so widely transplanted, but it is presumed to be similar to the white crappie's. The black crappie is also known as the strawberry bass or Oswego bass. ( black crappie WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie) http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:597 FAO ASFIS:PXG ITIS:168167 http://eol.org/pages/225242 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1819 black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829) crappie, black pomoxis nigromaculatus Pomoxis nigromaculatus snooks Centropomidae Lates The barramundi or Asian sea bass, is a species of catadromous fish in the family Latidae of the order Perciformes. The species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region from South Asia to Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia. The fish is known as pla kapong in Thai and as bhetki in Bengali. barramundi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barramundi http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:557 FAO ASFIS:GIP ITIS:167669 http://eol.org/pages/204766 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2872 Asian sea bass Asian seabass Barramundi perch barramundi barramundi perch bekti bhetki cockup giant perch nairfish palmer pla kapong silver barramundi Lates calcarifer Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) lates calcarifer Lates calcarifer https://www.seafoodsource.com/seafood-handbook/finfish/barramundi mullets Mugilidae Mugil Zoarcales Anarhichas atlantic wolffish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:906 FAO ASFIS:CAA FDA RFE 2010:2 ITIS:171341 http://eol.org/pages/222376 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1817 Atlantic wolffish wolf-fish Anarhichas lupus Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus, 1758 anarhichas lupus wolffish, atlantic Anarhichas lupus burrowing gobies gobies wormfishes Gobiidae Euthynnus skipjack tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:961 FAO ASFIS:SKJ FDA RFE 2010:25 ITIS:172401 http://eol.org/pages/205769 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1376 bonito skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) euthynnus pelamis katsuwonus pelamis thynnus pelamis Katsuwonus pelamis kawakawa http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:955 FAO ASFIS:KAW FDA RFE 2010:16 ITIS:172403 http://eol.org/pages/223063 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1546 eastern little tuna island bonito island skipjack kawakawa Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) euthynnus affinis euthynnus yaito Euthynnus affinis spotted tunny http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:956 FAO ASFIS:LTA ITIS:172402 http://eol.org/pages/223064 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1111 little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) euthynnus alletteratus Euthynnus alletteratus Sarda striped bonito http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:969 FAO ASFIS:BIP ITIS:172410 http://eol.org/pages/211444 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2189 striped bonito Sarda orientalis Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) sarda orientalis sarda velox Sarda orientalis pacific bonito http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:968 FAO ASFIS:BEP FDA RFE 2010:59 ITIS:172408 ITIS:613015 ITIS:613016 http://eol.org/pages/208607 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1791 Pacific bonito Sarda chiliensis Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832) Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832) Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, I831) Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832) Sarda chiliensis lineolata (Girard, 1858) bonito, pacific eastern pacific bonito sarda chiliensis Sarda chiliensis atlantic bonito http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:970 FAO ASFIS:BON ITIS:172409 http://eol.org/pages/356355 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1792 Atlantic bonito Sarda sarda Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) bonito, atlantic pelamys sardis sarda sarda scomber mediterraneus scomber palamitus Sarda sarda Thunnus albacore http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:996 FAO ASFIS:ALB FDA RFE 2010:89 ITIS:172419 http://eol.org/pages/205933 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1506 albacore Thunnus alalunga Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) thunnus alalunga thunnus germo Thunnus alalunga The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. yellowfin tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:997 FAO ASFIS:YFT FDA RFE 2010:90 ITIS:172423 http://eol.org/pages/205934 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1074 ahi tuna ahi tuna fish yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) neothunnus macropterus thunnus albacares tuna, yellowfin Thunnus albacares bluefin tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1002 FAO ASFIS:BFT ITIS:172421 http://eol.org/pages/223943 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1120 Atlantic bluefin tuna bluefin tuna northern bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) thunnus thynnus Thunnus thynnus southern bluefin tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SBF ITIS:172431 http://eol.org/pages/212861 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1003 southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872) thunnus maccoyii Thunnus maccoyii bigeye tuna http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1000 FAO ASFIS:BET ITIS:172428 http://eol.org/pages/212862 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1069 bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) ahi parathunnus mebachi thunnus obesus Thunnus obesus *Tilia platyphyllos* is a species of flowering plant in the family *Malvaceae (Tiliaceae)*. It is a deciduous tree, native to much of Europe, including locally in southwestern Great Britain, growing on lime-rich soils. The common names largeleaf linden and large-leaved linden are in standard use throughout the English-speaking world except in the British Isles, where it is widely, but not universally, known as large-leaved lime. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_platyphyllos] bigleaf linden plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13542 GRIN:36695 ITIS:21541 MANSFELD:4863 PLANTS:TIPL http://eol.org/pages/584812 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2967 broad-leaved lime Tilia platyphyllos Scop. tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos swordfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SWO FDA RFE 2010:93 ITIS:172482 http://eol.org/pages/206878 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1427 swordfish Xiphias gladius Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 xiphias gladius Xiphias gladius parrotfishes wrasses Labridae flatfishes Pleuronectiformes saffron plant http://langual.org GRIN:12265 MANSFELD:14971 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1459 saffron crocus Crocus sativus L. crocus sativus Crocus sativus Paralichthys olive flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1106 FAO ASFIS:BAH ITIS:172744 http://eol.org/pages/224379 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4039 Japanese flounder bastard halibut false halibut olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) bastard halibut paralichthys olivaceus Paralichthys olivaceus righteye flounders Pleuronectidae Limanda yellowtail flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1123 FAO ASFIS:YEL FDA RFE 2010:28 ITIS:172909 http://eol.org/pages/205418 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1872 yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839) flounder, yellowtail limanda ferruginea Myzopsetta ferruginea Platichthys european flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1129 FAO ASFIS:FLE ITIS:172894 http://eol.org/pages/994631 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3353 European flounder Platichthys flesus Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) flounder, european platichthys flesus Platichthys flesus Pleuronectes european plaice http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1131 FAO ASFIS:PLE ITIS:172902 http://eol.org/pages/208483 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1861 European plaice plaice Pleuronectes platessa Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758 plaice, european pleuronectes platessa Pleuronectes platessa blackback flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1134 FAO ASFIS:FLW FDA RFE 2010:54 ITIS:172905 http://eol.org/pages/220101 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1971 winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792) Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum, 1792 pleuronectes americanus pseudopleuronectes americanus Pseudopleuronectes americanus conger eel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:403 FAO ASFIS:COE ITIS:161341 http://eol.org/pages/215394 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2299 European conger Conger conger Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) conger conger sea eel Conger conger Hippoglossus atlantic halibut http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1119 FAO ASFIS:HAL ITIS:172933 http://eol.org/pages/206587 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1877 Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) halibut, atlantic hippoglossus hippoglossus Hippoglossus hippoglossus european chub http://langual.org CEC 1993:335 FAO ASFIS:LUH ITIS:163581 http://eol.org/pages/2778689 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3475 European chub chub Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) leuciscus cephalus Squalius cephalus *Aesculus turbinata*, common name "Japanese horse-chestnut" is native to Japan but cultivated elsewhere. It is a tree up to 30 m tall. Flowers are white to pale yellowish with red spots. Capsules are dark brown, obovoid to pyriform. The seeds were traditionally eaten, after leaching, by the Jomon people of Japan over about four millennia, until 300 AD. japanese horse-chestnut tree WIKIPEDIA:Aesculus_turbinata http://langual.org GRIN:1637 ITIS:506070 PLANTS:AETU http://eol.org/pages/483851 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4372 Japanese horse-chestnut Aesculus turbinata Blume aesculus turbinata japanese horse chestnut Aesculus turbinata Coelorinchus japanese jack mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:658 FAO ASFIS:JJM ITIS:642012 http://eol.org/pages/210304 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3957 Japanese horse mackerel Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845) japanese horse mackerel japanese scad trachurus japonicus Trachurus japonicus ramie plant http://langual.org GRIN:7290 ITIS:19122 PLANTS:BONI2 http://eol.org/pages/594795 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2447 Chinese silk-plant ramie zhu ma Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. boehmeria nivea china grass chinese grass chinese silk plant white ramie Boehmeria nivea riparian frogs true frogs Ranidae american bullfrog http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FOK ITIS:775084 http://eol.org/pages/330963 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3459 American bullfrog bullfrog bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802 lithobates catesbeianus rana catesbeiana Lithobates catesbeianus strawberry tree http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7647 GRIN:3849 ITIS:23629 MANSFELD:18141 PLANTS:ARUN4 http://eol.org/pages/583608 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2761 strawberry tree Arbutus unedo L. arbutus arbutus unedo cane apple Arbutus unedo bearberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:7658 GRIN:3866 ITIS:23530 PLANTS:ARUV http://eol.org/pages/583640 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3404 bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. arctostaphylos uva-ursi bear-grape hog-cranberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi marsh frog http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FGI ITIS:775195 http://eol.org/pages/320013 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3464 European green frog laughing frog marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 pelophylax ridibundus rana ridibunda Pelophylax ridibundus common frog http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:FGT ITIS:173444 http://eol.org/pages/331133 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3462 European common frog common frog Rana temporaria Linnaeus 1758 Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 european frog rana temporaria Rana temporaria sand lances Ammodytidae Ammodytes sandeel http://langual.org CEC 1993:926 FAO ASFIS:ABZ ITIS:171676 http://eol.org/pages/224138 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4009 small sandeel Ammodytes tobianus Linnaeus, 1758 ammodytes tobianus Ammodytes tobianus cuban stone crab http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:MIQ ITIS:98813 http://eol.org/pages/1021197 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3556 Cuban stone crab Menippe nodifrons Stimpson 1859 Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 lumpy stone crab menippe nodifrons Menippe nodifrons rohu http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:LRH ITIS:163681 http://eol.org/pages/216382 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3469 Jayanti rohu rohu Labeo rohita Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) catla catla indian carp labeo calbassa labeo rohita Labeo rohita sea turtles Cheloniidae loggerhead turtle http://langual.org CEC 1993:1476 FAO ASFIS:TTL ITIS:173830 http://eol.org/pages/1056566 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3467 Loggerhead turtle loggerhead red sea turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) caretta caretta thalasochelys caretta Caretta caretta solenocerid shrimps Solenoceridae green turtle http://langual.org CEC 1993:1477 FAO ASFIS:TUG ITIS:173833 http://eol.org/pages/454546 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2412 Green sea turtle green seaturtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) chelonia mydas Chelonia mydas The common snapping turtle (*Chelydra serpentina*) is a large freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia and Florida and as far southwest as northeastern Mexico. This species and the larger alligator snapping turtle are the only two species in this family found in North America (though the common snapping turtle, as its name implies, is much more widespread). snapping turtle WIKIPEDIA:Chelydra_serpentina http://langual.org ITIS:173752 http://eol.org/pages/795409 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4385 Common snapping turtle snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) chelydra serpentina Chelydra serpentina Carissa Archosauria Alligator american alligator http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1480 FAO ASFIS:AGM ITIS:551771 http://eol.org/pages/796029 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3799 American alligator Alligator mississippiensis Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1801) Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1803) Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1802 alligator mississippiensis gator Alligator mississippiensis Crocodylus nile crocodile http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:CRI ITIS:202200 http://eol.org/pages/795278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3804 African crocodile Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768 crocodylus niloticus mamba Crocodylus niloticus estuarine crocodile http://langual.org CEC 1993:1485 FAO ASFIS:CDP ITIS:174364 http://eol.org/pages/454963 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3803 Australian saltwater crocodile estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801) Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801 Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 crocodylus porosus saltie saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus new guinea crocodile http://langual.org CEC 1993:1484 FAO ASFIS:CNG ITIS:174363 http://eol.org/pages/795276 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3802 New Guinea crocodile Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928) Crocodylus novaeguineae Schmidt, 1928 crocodylus novaeguineae new guinea freshwater crocodile Crocodylus novaeguineae green iguana http://langual.org ITIS:173930 http://eol.org/pages/793235 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3806 Common green iguana common iguana Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) common green iguana iguana iguana Iguana iguana black mulberry plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11261 GRIN:24619 ITIS:19069 MANSFELD:12919 PLANTS:MONI http://eol.org/pages/596202 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2776 black mulberry morus nigra Morus nigra L. Morus nigra Pouteria golden goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1040 ITIS:171838 http://eol.org/pages/211551 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3924 golden goby Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 gobius auratus Gobius auratus black goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1042 FAO ASFIS:GBN ITIS:171850 http://eol.org/pages/206703 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3926 black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 gobius niger Gobius niger rock goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1043 FAO ASFIS:GON ITIS:171854 http://eol.org/pages/2802153 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3927 rock goby Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 gobius paganellus Gobius paganellus lagoon goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1045 ITIS:172140 http://eol.org/pages/356819 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3933 Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) knipowitschia pannizzae Knipowitschia panizzae grass goby http://langual.org CEC 1993:1050 FAO ASFIS:GBO ITIS:172086 http://eol.org/pages/1012834 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3940 grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1811) Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) zosterisessor ophiocephalus Zosterisessor ophiocephalus brine shrimp http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:AMS ITIS:83691 http://eol.org/pages/1020243 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2464 Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758 artemia salina Artemia salina mandarin orange tangerine Citrus reticulata tope shark http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:49 FAO ASFIS:GAG ITIS:160181 http://eol.org/pages/217962 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2525 tope shark Galeorhinus galeus Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) galeorhinus galeus grey shark greyboy school shark Galeorhinus galeus lake neuchâtel whitefish http://langual.org CEC 1993:233 FAO ASFIS:CIR ITIS:623416 http://eol.org/pages/845285 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4054 Coregonus macrophthalmus (Nusslin, 1882) Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin 1882 Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin, 1882 coregonus macrophthalmus Coregonus macrophthalmus blue whitefish http://langual.org CEC 1993:239 FAO ASFIS:CIG ITIS:623435 http://eol.org/pages/1156777 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4058 Coregonus wartmanni Coregonus wartmanni (Bloch, 1784) coregonus wartmanni Coregonus wartmanni bramble shark http://langual.org CEC 1993:71 FAO ASFIS:SHB ITIS:160713 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4123 bramble shark spinous shark spiny shark Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788) echinorhinus brucus spinous shark spiny shark Echinorhinus brucus new zealand lanternshark http://langual.org FISHBASE:54017 ITIS:160674 http://eol.org/pages/994319 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2910 New Zealand lanternshark Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957 baxters dogfish etmopterus baxteri Etmopterus baxteri Mobula Cactineae long-finned eel http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:EWN ITIS:161131 http://eol.org/pages/222625 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3451 mottled eel Anguilla nebulosa McClelland, 1844 anguilla nebulosa mottled eel Anguilla nebulosa *Vigna umbellata* (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi, previously *Phaseolus calcaratus*, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean. rice bean plant WIKIPEDIA:Rice_bean http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13839 GRIN:41643 ITIS:506275 PLANTS:VIUM2 http://eol.org/pages/4277 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1702 mambi-bean rice bean Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi phaseolus calcaratus red bean vigna umbellata Vigna umbellata flatiron herring http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:HCT ITIS:161757 http://eol.org/pages/206574 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2152 Pacific flatiron herring Harengula thrissina Harengula thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) harengula thrissina Harengula thrissina red mullet http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:810 FAO ASFIS:MUR ITIS:169418 http://eol.org/pages/207915 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2567 striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 mullet, red mullus surmuletus Mullus surmuletus salema http://langual.org CEC 1993:791 FAO ASFIS:SLM ITIS:182942 http://eol.org/pages/205278 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3502 salema Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) boops salpa sarpa salpa sparus salpa Sarpa salpa Atherina boyer's sandsmelt http://langual.org CEC 1993:541 FAO ASFIS:ATB ITIS:166024 http://eol.org/pages/206981 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3820 big-scale sand smelt Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 atherina boyeri capsian sandsmelt small sandsmelt Atherina boyeri birds avian Aves Palaeognathae The Emu, *Dromaius novaehollandiae*, is the largest bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the genus *Dromaius*. It is the second-largest extant bird in the world by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. There are three subspecies of Emus in Australia. The Emu is common over most of mainland Australia, although it avoids heavily populated areas, dense forest, and arid areas. emu WIKIPEDIA:Dromaius_novaehollandiae http://langual.org ITIS:174385 http://eol.org/pages/1178369 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2719 emu Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) dromaius novaehollandiae Dromaius novaehollandiae Rheidae Darwin's rhea (*Rhea pennata*), also known as the lesser rhea, is a large flightless bird, but the smaller of the two extant species of rheas. It is found in the Altiplano and Patagonia in South America. lesser rhea WIKIPEDIA:Darwin%27s_rhea http://langual.org ITIS:696083 http://eol.org/pages/130164 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4558 lesser rhea Pterocnemia pennata (Orbigny, 1834) darwin's rhea pterocnemia pennata rhea pennata Pterocnemia pennata greater rhea http://langual.org ITIS:174379 http://eol.org/pages/1178370 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4557 common rhea greater rhea Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758) american rhea rhea americana Rhea americana The Ostrich, or Common Ostrich (*Struthio camelus*), is one or two species of large flightless birds native to Africa, the only living member(s) of the genus *Struthio* that is in the ratite family. Some analyses indicate that the Somali Ostrich may be better considered a full species apart from the Common Ostrich, but most taxonomists consider it to be a subspecies. ostrich WIKIPEDIA:Struthio_camelus http://langual.org ITIS:174375 http://eol.org/pages/1178371 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2118 African ostrich ostrich Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 common ostrich struthio camelus Struthio camelus harvestfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1021 FAO ASFIS:ERP ITIS:172566 http://eol.org/pages/614554 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2286 American harvestfish Peprilus paru Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758) northern harvestfish peprilus alepidotus peprilus paru Peprilus paru *Prunus salicina* (syn. *Prunus triflora* or *Prunus thibetica*), commonly called the Japanese plum or Chinese plum, is a small deciduous tree native to China. It is now also grown in fruit orchards in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Australia. The fruit is a drupe 4-7 cm in diameter with yellow-pink flesh; it can be harvested in the summer. When fully ripe it can be eaten raw. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_salicina] japanese plum plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:12294 GRIN:30091 ITIS:506232 MANSFELD:9360 PLANTS:PRSA3 http://eol.org/pages/231338 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2736 Japanese plum su-momo Prunus salicina Lindl. Prunus salicina Lindley prunus salicina susina Prunus salicina pacific rock crab red rock crab http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:ROC ITIS:98672 http://eol.org/pages/317369 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3561 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3563 red rock crab Cancer productus Cancer productus J. W. Randall, 1840 Cancer productus Randall, 1839 california red rock crab cancer productus red rock crab Cancer productus *Chenopodium pallidicaule*, sometimes known as Cañihua, Canihua, Kañiwa, Cañahua is a species of goosefoot, similar in character and uses to the closely related quinoa. canihua plant WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_pallidicaule http://langual.org GRIN:10193 ITIS:506566 PLANTS:CHPA23 http://eol.org/pages/489446 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3408 Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen cañahua cañihua chenopodium pallidicaule kañiwa Chenopodium pallidicaule Neognathae The Mallard or Wild Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand and Australia. This duck belongs to the subfamily *Anatinae* of the waterfowl family *Anatidae*. mallard http://langual.org ITIS:175063 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4367 duck mallard mallard duck mallard ducks Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 anas platyrhynchos duck, wild wild duck Anas platyrhynchos The Muscovy Duck (*Cairina moschata*) is a large duck native to Mexico, Central, and South America. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the United States, particularly in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, as well as in many other parts of North America, including southern Canada. Feral Muscovy Ducks have also been reported in parts of Europe. muscovy duck WIKIPEDIA:Muscovy_Duck http://langual.org ITIS:175246 http://eol.org/pages/1048537 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4368 Muscovy duck muscovy musky duck Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) barbary duck cairina moschata Cairina moschata Beryx The splendid alfonsino, *Beryx splendens*, is an alfonsino of the genus *Beryx*, found around the world at depths of between 25 and 1,300 m. Their length is between 30 and 70 cm. It is known as kinmedai in sushi and Japanese cuisine. splendid alfonsino WIKIPEDIA:Splendid_alfonsino http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: AFNS 2009 37:258002 FAO ASFIS:BYS ITIS:166156 http://eol.org/pages/207037 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4275 splendid alfonsino Beryx splendens Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834 beryx splendens Beryx splendens Cyttus boar fish http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:ZCU ITIS:166292 http://eol.org/pages/206432 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4077 Cyttus australis (Richardson, 1843) cyttus australis silver dory Cyttus australis Microstomus slime flounder http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MJC ITIS:172890 http://eol.org/pages/205412 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1975 slime flounder Microstomus achne Microstomus achne (Jordan & Starks 1904) Microstomus achne (Jordan and Starks, 1904) microstomus achne Microstomus achne dover sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:MIP FDA RFE 2010:38 ITIS:172887 http://eol.org/pages/223477 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1511 Dover sole Microstomus pacificus Microstomus pacificus (Lockington 1879) Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879) microstomus pacificus sole, dover Microstomus pacificus shorebirds and others Charadriiformes gulls Laridae Larus The great black-backed gull (*Larus marinus*), also known as the greater black-backed gull or, informally, as the black-back, is the largest member of the gull family. It breeds on the European and North American coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and is fairly sedentary, though some black-backs move farther south or inland to large lakes or reservoirs. great black-backed gull WIKIPEDIA:Great_black-backed_gull http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:LVU ITIS:176815 http://eol.org/pages/1049577 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4570 great black-backed gull Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758 greater black-backed gull larus marinus Larus marinus The lesser black-backed gull (*Larus fuscus*) is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. It is a regular winter visitor to the east coast of North America, probably from the breeding population in Iceland. lesser black-backed gull WIKIPEDIA:Lesser_black-backed_gull http://langual.org FAO ASFIS:LOW ITIS:176821 http://eol.org/pages/1049580 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4569 lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 larus fuscus Larus fuscus http://langual.org DPNL 2003:11278 GRIN:70453 ITIS:42391 MANSFELD:12425 PLANTS:MUPA3 banana plantain Musa X paradisiaca L. (pro sp.) Musa x paradisiaca L. Musa ×paradisiaca L. (pro sp.) musa paradisiaca musa x paradisiaca Musa x paradisiaca pigeons Columbidae asian water buffalo http://langual.org ITIS:552476 MSW3:14200694 http://eol.org/pages/311907 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2095 domestic water buffalo river buffalo water buffalo Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758 bubalus bubalis water buffalo, asian Bubalus bubalis chinese swamp cabbage plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:10480 GRIN:20138 ITIS:30759 MANSFELD:21561 PLANTS:IPAQ http://eol.org/pages/580959 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2462 Chinese water-spinach Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. chinese water spinach ipomoea aquatica swamp morning glory swamp morning-glory swamp morningglory water spinach Ipomoea aquatica landfowls Galliformes offshore silver hake http://langual.org CEC 1993:475 FAO ASFIS:HOF ITIS:164793 http://eol.org/pages/212900 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3887 offshore hake Merluccius albidus (Mitchill 1818) Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1817) Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1818) merluccius albidus Merluccius albidus southern hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:476 FAO ASFIS:HKN ITIS:164797 http://eol.org/pages/205985 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3888 southern hake Merluccius australis Merluccius australis (Hutton 1872) Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872) merluccius australis Merluccius australis cape hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:478 FAO ASFIS:HKK ITIS:164798 http://eol.org/pages/207888 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3889 shallow-water Cape hake south african hake stock fish Merluccius capensis Merluccius capensis Castelnau 1861 Merluccius capensis Castelnau, 1861 merluccius capensis shallow-water hake Merluccius capensis chilean hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:479 FAO ASFIS:PHA ITIS:164799 http://eol.org/pages/357052 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3890 Southern Pacific hake Merluccius gayi Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848) merluccius gayi Merluccius gayi argentine hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:480 FAO ASFIS:HKP ITIS:164800 http://eol.org/pages/589820 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3891 Argentine hake southwest atlantic hake Merluccius hubbsi Merluccius hubbsi Marini 1933 Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1932 Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 merluccius hubbsi Merluccius hubbsi deepwater hake http://langual.org CEC 1993:482 FAO ASFIS:HKO ITIS:164796 http://eol.org/pages/207889 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3893 deep-water Cape hake Merluccius paradoxus Franca 1960 Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960 merluccius paradoxus Merluccius paradoxus benguela hake http://langual.org CEC 1993:483 FAO ASFIS:HKB ITIS:550664 http://eol.org/pages/338207 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3894 Benguela hake Merluccius polli Cadenat 1950 Merluccius polli Cadenat, 1950 merluccius polli Merluccius polli north pacific hake http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:484 FAO ASFIS:NHA ITIS:164792 http://eol.org/pages/205099 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3895 North Pacific hake Merluccius productus Merluccius productus (Ayres 1855) Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855) merluccius productus Merluccius productus senegalese hake http://langual.org CEC 1993:485 FAO ASFIS:HKM ITIS:550665 http://eol.org/pages/338208 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3896 Senegalese hake Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat 1950 Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat, 1950 black hake merluccius senegalensis Merluccius senegalensis turkeys Phasianidae yellow sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1142 FAO ASFIS:GSM ITIS:173021 http://eol.org/pages/205189 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2489 solenette Buglossidium luteum Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810) buglossidium luteum Buglossidium luteum thickback sole http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1147 FAO ASFIS:MKG ITIS:173026 http://eol.org/pages/211403 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2709 thickback sole Microchirus variegatus Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) microchirus variegatus Microchirus variegatus The Northern Bobwhite, Virginia Quail or (in its home range) Bobwhite Quail (*Colinus virginianus*) is a ground-dwelling bird native to the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It is a member of the group of species known as New World quails (*Odontophoridae*). They were initially placed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family (*Phasianidae*), but are not particularly closely related. The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic whistling call. northern bobwhite WIKIPEDIA:Bobwhite_Quail http://langual.org ITIS:175863 http://eol.org/pages/1049187 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4364 bobwhite quail common bobwhite northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758) bobwhite quail colinus virginianus virginia quail Colinus virginianus bantam Gallus gallus *Camelina sativa*, usually known in English as camelina, gold-of-pleasure, or false flax, also occasionally wild flax, linseed dodder, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed, is a flowering plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It has been traditionally cultivated as an oilseed crop to produce vegetable oil and animal feed. The crop is now being researched due to its exceptionally high levels (up to 45%) of omega-3 fatty acids, which is uncommon in vegetable sources. gold-of-pleasure plant WIKIPEDIA:Camelina_sativa http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8278 GRIN:8700 ITIS:22600 PLANTS:CASA2 PLANTS:CASAA PLANTS:CASAS2 http://eol.org/pages/584191 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4257 false flax gold-of-pleasure Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. alyssum (Mill.) E. Schmid Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. sativa big-seed camelina camelina sativa false flax Camelina sativa The Common Quail, *Coturnix coturnix*, is a small bird in the pheasant family *Phasianidae*. It is widespread and is found in parts of Europe, (should not be confused with the domesticated Japanese Quail, *Coturnix japonica*, original from Asia that although visually similar have very distinct calls). common quail WIKIPEDIA:Common_Quail http://langual.org ITIS:553871 http://eol.org/pages/914847 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4366 Common quail Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) coturnix coturnix Coturnix coturnix The ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula. A relative of the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), it was sometimes previously treated in a genus of its own (Agriocharis), but the differences between the two turkeys are currently considered too small to justify generic segregation. Damion Dooley ocellated turkey http://langual.org ITIS:553897 http://eol.org/pages/915307 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4167 ocellated turkey Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, 1820 meleagris ocellata Meleagris ocellata Meleagris wild turkey http://langual.org 2019-08-12T20:54:03Z ITIS:176136 http://eol.org/pages/1049266 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4166 common turkey turkey wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758 meleagris gallopavo Meleagris gallopavo Heliantheae alliance butternut tree http://langual.org GRIN:20732 ITIS:19250 PLANTS:JUCI http://eol.org/pages/596229 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1453 Juglans cinerea L. juglans cinerea noix juglans cinerea LanguaL curation note: When indexing the butternut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *BUTTERNUT [B1453]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Juglans cinerea whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. Artiodactyla fabids malvids campanulids lamiids Macruronus patagonian grenadier http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:471 FAO ASFIS:GRM ITIS:550662 http://eol.org/pages/206739 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3885 Patagonian grenadier Macruronus magellanicus Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907 macruronus magellanicus Macruronus magellanicus blessed milkthistle plant http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13113 GRIN:33952 ITIS:38413 PLANTS:SIMA3 http://eol.org/pages/509366 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4203 holy thistle lady's thistle milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. silybum marianum Silybum marianum taiwan giant bamboo plant http://langual.org GRIN:13523 ITIS:556521 MANSFELD:19310 PLANTS:SILA23 http://eol.org/pages/490702 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3732 Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure dendrocalamus latiflorus ma bamboo sinocalamus latifloru sweet bamboo sweet giant bamboo wideleaf bamboo Lycoteuthis lorigera *Metroxylon sagu* (true sago palm) is a species of palm in the genus *Metroxylon*, native to tropical southeastern Asia in Indonesia (western New Guinea, and the Moluccas), Papua New Guinea, Malaysia (both Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) and possibly also the Philippines (though may have been introduced there). It is also naturalised in Thailand, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and the Solomon Islands. sago palm plant WIKIPEDIA:Metroxylon_sagu http://langual.org GRIN:103025 ITIS:506732 PLANTS:MESA7 http://eol.org/pages/1138337 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2139 metroxylon sagu sago palm true sago palm Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Metroxylon sagu greek sheatfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:375 ITIS:681957 http://eol.org/pages/1156756 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4068 Aristotle's catfish Silurus aristotelis (Agassiz, 1856) Silurus aristotelis Garman, 1890 silurus aristotelis Silurus aristotelis longnose spurdog http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:65 FAO ASFIS:QUB ITIS:160621 http://eol.org/pages/339916 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3514 longnose spurdog Squalus blainville Squalus blainville (Risso, 1827) Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826) Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1827) northern spurdog squalus blainville Squalus blainville Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus *Corchorus*, which has been classified in the family *Tiliaceae*, or more recently in *Malvaceae*. However, it has been reclassified within the family *Sparrmanniaceae*. Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres. nalta jute plant WIKIPEDIA:Corchorus_olitorius http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8823 GRIN:11458 ITIS:21516 PLANTS:COOL http://eol.org/pages/584868 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1731 Nalta jute jute Corchorus olitorius L. corchorus olitorius jew's mallow jute mallow jute, nalta molokhia tossa jute Corchorus olitorius The Kola tree (Cola acuminata) belongs to a of family *Sterculiaceae* and genus (Cola) of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa**. Damion Dooley kola tree WIKIPEDIA:Cola_acuminata http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8778 GRIN:101905 ITIS:506101 MANSFELD:5440 PLANTS:COAC4 http://eol.org/pages/486399 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1279 Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl. Cola acuminata (P.Beauv.) Schott & Endl. abata cola abatacola cola acuminata colatree kola nut Cola acuminata Epinephelus ocean sunfish http://langual.org CEC 1993:1175 FAO ASFIS:MOX ITIS:173414 http://eol.org/pages/213810 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4070 ocean sunfish Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) mola mola Mola mola Psettodes butterfishes Stromateidae pacific round herring http://langual.org ITIS:161745 http://eol.org/pages/219520 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1850 Etrumeus micropus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) etrumeus micropus herring, round Etrumeus micropus ginger Zingiber officinale pachira tree http://langual.org GRIN:26276 ITIS:21605 PLANTS:PAIN7 http://eol.org/pages/584766 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3405 Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny malabar chestnut pachira insignis pachira nut wild chestnut LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *WILD CHESTNUT [B3405]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms). Pachira insignis south american rock mussel http://langual.org CEC 1993:1366 FAO ASFIS:MSL ITIS:568077 http://eol.org/pages/468743 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4153 Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1767) perna perna Perna perna needlefishes sauries Belonidae Strongylura Dentex common dentex http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:765 FAO ASFIS:DEC ITIS:169224 http://eol.org/pages/205454 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3999 common dentex Dentex dentex Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) dentex dentex Dentex dentex Silurus wels catfish http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:376 FAO ASFIS:SOM ITIS:164068 http://eol.org/pages/224550 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2431 Danube catfish European catfish Wels catfish Silurus glanis Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 sheatfish silurus glanis Silurus glanis Jasus red rock lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1246 FAO ASFIS:LOR ITIS:660225 http://eol.org/pages/324114 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3603 red rock lobster Jasus edwardsii Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) jasus edwardsii Jasus edwardsii Homo sapiens human human being man Homo sapiens Ursus The (North) American black bear (*Ursus americanus*) is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most common bear species. Although they all live in North America, American black bears are not closely related to brown bears and polar bears; genetic studies reveal that they split from a common ancestor 5.05 million years ago. Both American and Asiatic black bears are considered sister taxa, and are more closely related to each other than to other species of bear american black bear WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_americanus http://langual.org ITIS:180544 MSW3:14000953 http://eol.org/pages/328582 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4468 American black bear Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780 baribal ursus americanus Ursus americanus brown bear grizzly bear Ursus arctos roughies slimeheads Trachichthyidae orange roughy http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:513 FAO ASFIS:ORY FDA RFE 2010:21 ITIS:166139 http://eol.org/pages/206716 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2328 orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889 deep sea perch hoplostethus atlanticus Hoplostethus atlanticus Sardinella fringescale sardinella http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:189 FAO ASFIS:FRS ITIS:161768 http://eol.org/pages/206984 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2648 fringescale sardinella Sardinella fimbriata Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847) Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847) sardinella fimbriata Sardinella fimbriata oil sardine http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:190 FAO ASFIS:IOS ITIS:551453 http://eol.org/pages/1000282 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1966 Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847 Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 sardinella longiceps tamban Sardinella longiceps walrus http://langual.org CEC 1993:1427 FAO ASFIS:WAL ITIS:180639 MSW3:14001024 http://eol.org/pages/328627 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2090 walrus Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Odobenus rosmarus Linnaeus, 1758 odobenus rosmarus Odobenus rosmarus crawling seals earless seals seal seals true seals Phocidae bastard trumpeter http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:853 FAO ASFIS:BMO ITIS:170268 http://eol.org/pages/1012817 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1936 blue moki Latridopsis ciliaris Latridopsis ciliaris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster, 1801) latridopsis ciliaris moki Latridopsis ciliaris Phoca The ringed seal (*Pusa hispida*), also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal (family: Phocidae) inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions... Ringed seals occur throughout the Arctic Ocean. They can be found in the Baltic Sea, the Bering Sea and the Hudson Bay. They prefer to rest on ice floe and will move farther north for denser ice. One subspecies can be found in freshwater. ringed seal WIKIPEDIA:Pusa_hispida http://langual.org ITIS:622018 http://eol.org/pages/1052724 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4498 Ringed seal Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775) jar seal pusa hispida Pusa hispida cetaceans whale whales whales, dolphins, and porpoises Cetacea Monodontidae The beluga or white whale, *Delphinapterus leucas*, is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family *Monodontidae*, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus *Delphinapterus*. This marine mammal is commonly referred to simply as the beluga or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter. Using the term "white whale" to refer to belugas is, in the strictest sense, erroneous, as the term "whale" is usually applied to the *Mysticeti* (baleen whales) and not to toothed cetaceans which belong to the suborder *Odontoceti*, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ] beluga whale WIKIPEDIA:Beluga_whale http://langual.org CEC 1993:1460 FAO ASFIS:BEL ITIS:180483 MSW3:14300105 http://eol.org/pages/328541 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4486 beluga beluga whale white whale Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776) Delphinapterus leucas Pallas, 1776 delphinapterus leucas white whale Delphinapterus leucas baleen whales Mysticeti Balaenoptera The common minke whale or northern minke whale (*Balaenoptera acutorostrata*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest member of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century. As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat. It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry. There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere. northern minke whale WIKIPEDIA:Common_minke_whale http://langual.org CEC 1993:1462 FAO ASFIS:MIW ITIS:180524 MSW3:14300012 http://eol.org/pages/328570 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4572 lesser rorqual minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepède, 1804 Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1800 Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804 balaenoptera acutorostrata common minke whale minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Equus Equus <genus> zebra http://langual.org ITIS:202401 MSW3:14100033 http://eol.org/pages/129474 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2097 mountain zebra Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758 equus zebra Equus zebra African ass African wild ass Somali wild ass ass domestic ass donkey Equus asinus domestic horse equine horse Equus caballus Crangon Brassiceae A suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa. Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2020-04-01T23:10:20Z common wild pig pig pigs swine wild boar wild pig wild swine Sus scrofa hippopotamus http://langual.org ITIS:625024 MSW3:14200106 http://eol.org/pages/311532 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2130 hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 common hippopotamus hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus amphibius Camelidae Camelus The Bactrian camel (*Camelus bactrianus*) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of central Asia. The Bactrian camel has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped dromedary camel. bactrian camel WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_bactrianus http://langual.org ITIS:625026 MSW3:14200112 http://eol.org/pages/344581 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4359 Bactrian camel camel domestic Bactrian camel two-humped camel Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758 camelus bactrianus Camelus bactrianus The dromedary camel or Arabian camel (*Camelus dromedarius*) is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The dromedary camel is the second largest member of the camel family after the larger Bactrian camel. dromedary camel WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_dromedarius http://langual.org ITIS:625027 MSW3:14200115 http://eol.org/pages/309019 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4360 Arabian camel camel dromedaries dromedary dromedary camel one-humped camel Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 arabian camel camelus dromedarius Camelus dromedarius llama http://langual.org ITIS:625028 http://eol.org/pages/309018 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2741 llama Lama glama (Linnaeus, 1758) guanaco lama glama Lama glama deer Cervidae moose http://langual.org ITIS:180703 MSW3:14200208 http://eol.org/pages/328654 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1257 Eurasian elk elk european elk, moose Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758) Alces alces Linnaeus, 1758 alces alces eurasian elk Alces alces Capreolus european roe deer http://langual.org ITIS:625063 MSW3:14200217 http://eol.org/pages/308479 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4157 Western roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 capreolus capreolus Capreolus capreolus Cervus The red deer (*Cervus elaphus*) is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa. red deer http://langual.org ITIS:180695 MSW3:14200352 http://eol.org/pages/328649 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4371 red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 "[it is] the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source." - Wikipedia. Cervus elaphus Cyperoideae sika deer http://langual.org ITIS:180696 MSW3:14200371 http://eol.org/pages/328650 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1621 sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 cervus nippon Cervus nippon reindeer http://langual.org ITIS:180701 MSW3:14200328 http://eol.org/pages/328653 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1509 caribou reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758 caribou rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus Odocoileus mule deer http://langual.org ITIS:180698 MSW3:14200267 http://eol.org/pages/328651 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1622 mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817) Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque, 1817 odocoileus hemionus Odocoileus hemionus white-tailed deer http://langual.org ITIS:180699 MSW3:14200278 http://eol.org/pages/328652 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1537 white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 odocoileus virginianus Odocoileus virginianus Odocoileinae canary dentex http://langual.org CEC 1993:763 FAO ASFIS:DEN ITIS:169223 http://eol.org/pages/211147 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4001 Canary dentex Dentex canariensis Steindachner, 1881 dentex canariensis Dentex canariensis pink dentex http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:766 FAO ASFIS:DEP ITIS:169222 http://eol.org/pages/210976 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4003 pink dentex Dentex gibbosus Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque, 1810) dentex gibbosus Dentex gibbosus large-eyed dentex http://langual.org CEC 1993:767 FAO ASFIS:DEL ITIS:169221 http://eol.org/pages/205455 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4004 large-eye dentex Dentex macrophthalmus (Bloch, 1791) dentex macrophtalmus Dentex macrophthalmus morocco dentex http://langual.org CEC 1993:768 FAO ASFIS:DEM ITIS:169220 http://eol.org/pages/211146 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4005 Morocco dentex Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830 Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes, 1830 dentex maroccanus Dentex maroccanus Bovidae Bison american bison http://langual.org ITIS:180706 MSW3:14200669 http://eol.org/pages/328109 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4154 American bison Bison Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) Bison bison Linnaeus, 1758 american buffalo bison bison Bison bison european bison http://langual.org ITIS:183836 MSW3:14200670 http://eol.org/pages/328110 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4155 European bison bison wisent Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bison bonasus Linnaeus, 1758 bison bonasus wisent Bison bonasus oxen, cattle Bos *Glebionis coronaria*, formerly called *Chrysanthemum coronarium*, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. *Glebionis coronaria* is used as a leaf vegetable. English language common names include garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum greens, edible chrysanthemum, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, chop suey green, crown daisy, and Japanese-green. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glebionis_coronaria] garland chrysanthemum plant http://langual.org CCPR: DPNL 2003:8628 GRIN:417417 ITIS:35796 ITIS:780351 PLANTS:GLCO6 http://eol.org/pages/469139 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1740 Garland chrysanthemum crown daisy Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev chrysanthemum coronarium chrysanthemum, garland crown daisy glebionis coronarium japanese-green kor tongho shungiku Glebionis coronaria Cattle (colloquially cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily *Bovinae*, are the most widespread species of the genus *Bos*, and are most commonly classified collectively as *Bos taurus*... with three subspecies: *Bos taurus primigenius, Bos taurus indicus, Bos taurus taurus*. cattle ITIS:183838 MSW3:14200687 Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow Bos taurus http://langual.org ITIS:180715 MSW3:14200776 http://eol.org/pages/328660 domestic goat goat goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 capra hircus Capra hircus natal orange plant http://langual.org GRIN:35855 ITIS:505393 PLANTS:STSP8 http://eol.org/pages/482140 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2787 Strychnos spinosa Lam. brehmia spinosa elephant orange kaffir orange monkey ball strychnos laxa strychnos spinosa Strychnos spinosa monterey spanish mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:978 FAO ASFIS:MOS ITIS:172438 http://eol.org/pages/205202 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3977 Monterey Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus concolor Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879) scomberomorus concolor Scomberomorus concolor indo-pacific king mackerel http://langual.org CEC 1993:979 FAO ASFIS:GUT ITIS:172442 http://eol.org/pages/205203 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3978 Indo-Pacific king mackerel Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) scomberomorus guttatus Scomberomorus guttatus atlantic spanish mackerel http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:982 FAO ASFIS:SSM ITIS:172436 http://eol.org/pages/2804347 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1571 Spanish mackerel Spanish mackerel scomberomorus maculatus seer Scomberomorus maculatus Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815) Scomberomorus maculatus cero http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:988 FAO ASFIS:CER ITIS:172437 http://eol.org/pages/205208 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3986 cero Scomberomorus regalis Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793) scomberomorus regalis Scomberomorus regalis pacific sierra http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: FAO ASFIS:SIE FDA RFE 2010:62 ITIS:172440 http://eol.org/pages/222540 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1793 Pacific sierra Scomberomorus sierra Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895 Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks in Jordan, 1895 scomberomorus sierra sierra, pacific Scomberomorus sierra The mouflon (*Ovis aries orientalis* group) is a subspecies group of the wild sheep *Ovis aries*. Populations of *Ovis aries* can be partitioned into the mouflons (*orientalis* group) and urials or arkars (*vignei* group). The mouflon is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds. mouflon WIKIPEDIA:Ovis_aries_orientalis http://langual.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Muffelwild12.4.2008_007.jpg/640px-Muffelwild12.4.2008_007.jpg ITIS:552475 MSW3:14200833 http://eol.org/pages/311906 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4361 mouflon Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 Ovis aries orientalis Gmelin, 1774 moufflon ovis aries orientalis Ovis aries musimon Tragelaphus greater kudu http://langual.org ITIS:625134 MSW3:14200746 http://eol.org/pages/1038792 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4379 greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766) Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas, 1766 tragelaphus strepsiceros Tragelaphus strepsiceros lesser kudu http://langual.org ITIS:625131 MSW3:14200730 http://eol.org/pages/1038789 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4378 lesser kudu Tragelaphus imberbis (Blyth, 1869) Tragelaphus imberbis Blyth, 1869 tragelaphus imberbis Tragelaphus imberbis cape spiny lobster http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: CEC 1993:1248 FAO ASFIS:LBC ITIS:552953 http://eol.org/pages/317431 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2166 South African cape rock lobster South African spiny lobster west coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii Jasus lalandii (H. Milne Edwards 1837) Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards 1837) cape rock lobster jasus lalandii panulirus lalandii Jasus lalandii Caprinae The African buffalo, affalo, nyati, mbogo or Cape buffalo (*Syncerus caffer*), is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild Asian water buffalo, but its ancestry remains unclear. Owing to its unpredictable nature, which makes it highly dangerous to humans, it has not been domesticated unlike its Asian counterpart the domestic Asian water buffalo. african buffalo WIKIPEDIA:Syncerus_caffer http://langual.org ITIS:183847 MSW3:14200707 http://eol.org/pages/328707 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4156 African buffalo Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779 cape buffalo syncerus caffer Syncerus caffer western australian gizzard shad http://langual.org 2010 FDA Seafood List: ITIS:161808 http://eol.org/pages/204185 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2324 Western Australian gizzard shad Nematalosa vlaminghi Nematalosa vlaminghi (Munro, 1956) bony bream fluvialosa vlaminghi nematalosa vlaminghi perth herring western australia river gizzard shad Nematalosa vlaminghi hares Lepus european hare http://langual.org ITIS:552501 http://eol.org/pages/118009 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4161 European hare Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 brown hare lepus europaeus Lepus europaeus rodent Rodentia woodchuck http://langual.org ITIS:180137 http://eol.org/pages/327979 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1576 groundhog woodchuck woodchucks Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758) groundhog marmota monax Marmota monax Mammea africana is a tree that occurs from Senegal east to western Uganda, and south to DR Congo and northern Angola, and is used for wood and fruit products. mammea africana tree http://langual.org GRIN:311301 ITIS:506122 PLANTS:MAAF2 http://eol.org/pages/483625 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2810 african mammee-apple tree african mammyapple tree mammea africana Mammea africana Sabine Mammea africana species species Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation ClinicalTrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov Body Fat Percentage Body Fat Percentage Follow-Up Follow-Up Sampling Sampling Adherence Adherence Control Type Control Type Random Sampling Random Sampling Simple Random Sampling Simple Random Sampling Convenience Sampling Convenience Sampling Study Name Study Name Stratified Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling Judgment Sampling Judgment Sampling Multi-Stage Sampling Multi-Stage Sampling Drink Drink Study Objective Description Study Objective Description Study Protocol Version Acronym Study Protocol Version Acronym Clinical Trial Registry Identifier Clinical Trial Registry Identifier data collection data collection randomization sampling design randomization sampling design data matrix data matrix data collection from literature data collection from literature transformed data item transformed data item form filling form filling filled patient questionnaire filled patient questionnaire patient questionnaire patient questionnaire smoking end date smoking end date planned process planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) planned process biological feature identification objective Biological_feature_identification_objective is an objective role carried out by the proposition defining the aim of a study designed to examine or characterize a particular biological feature. Jennifer Fostel biological feature identification objective processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg processed material chromatography device A device that facilitates the separation of mixtures. The function of a chromatography device involves passing a mixture dissolved in a ""mobile phase"" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. Frank Gibson chromatography instrument http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography open tracker https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2881353&group_id=177891&atid=886178 chromatography device mass spectrometer LCQ Fleet Ion Trap MSn manufactured by thermo fisher scientific A mass spectrometer is an instrument which is used to measure the mass to charge ratio of ions. All mass spectrometers consist of three basic parts: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector system. The stages within the mass spectrometer are: 1. Production of ions from the sample 2. Separation of ions with different masses 3. Detection of the number of ions of each mass produced 4.Collection of data to generate the mass spectrum Frank Gibson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry mass spectrometer investigation Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s). Bjoern Peters OBI branch derived Could add specific objective specification Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding "achieves objective of drawing conclusion" as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS study investigation evaluant role When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source. a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is) examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected") GROUP: Role Branch OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. evaluant role assay Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch measuring scientific observation OBI branch derived study assay any method assay sample preparation for assay A sample_preparation_for_assay is a protocol_application including material_enrollments and biomaterial_transformations. definition_source: OBI. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch study OBI branch derived sample preparation for assay diagnosis textual entity diagnosis is an assessment of a disease or injury, its likely prognosis and treatment. Jennifer Fostel diagnosis textual entity culture medium A growth medium or culture medium is a substance in which microorganisms or cells can grow. Wikipedia, growth medium, Feb 29, 2008 a processed material that provides the needed nourishment for microorganisms or cells grown in vitro. changed from a role to a processed material based on on Aug 22, 2011 dev call. Details see the tracker item: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3325270&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Modification made by JZ. Person: Jennifer Fostel, Jie Zheng OBI culture medium reagent role Buffer, dye, a catalyst, a solvating agent. A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer. PERSON:Matthew Brush reagent PERSON:Matthew Brush Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. May 28 2013. Updated definition taken from ReO based on discussions initiated in Philly 2011 workshop. Former defnition described a narrower view of reagents in chemistry that restricts bearers of the role to be chemical entities ("a role played by a molecular entity used to produce a chemical reaction to detect, measure, or produce other substances"). Updated definition allows for broader view of reagents in the domain of biomedical research to include larger materials that have parts that participate chemically in a molecular reaction or interaction. (copied from ReO) Reagents are distinguished from instruments or devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in or have parts that participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during their intended participation in some technique. By contrast, instruments do not participate in a chemical reaction/interaction during the technique. Reagents are distinguished from study subjects/evaluants in that study subjects and evaluants are that about which conclusions are drawn and knowledge is sought in an investigation - while reagents, by definition, are not. It should be noted, however, that reagent and study subject/evaluant roles can be borne by instances of the same type of material entity - but a given instance will realize only one of these roles in the execution of a given assay or technique. For example, taq polymerase can bear a reagent role or an evaluant role. In a DNA sequencing assay aimed at generating sequence data about some plasmid, the reagent role of the taq polymerase is realized. In an assay to evaluate the quality of the taq polymerase itself, the evaluant/study subject role of the taq is realized, but not the reagent role since the taq is the subject about which data is generated. In regard to the statement that reagents are 'distinct' from the specified outputs of a technique, note that a reagent may be incorporated into a material output of a technique, as long as the IDENTITY of this output is distinct from that of the bearer of the reagent role. For example, dNTPs input into a PCR are reagents that become part of the material output of this technique, but this output has a new identity (ie that of a 'nucleic acid molecule') that is distinct from the identity of the dNTPs that comprise it. Similarly, a biotin molecule input into a cell labeling technique are reagents that become part of the specified output, but the identity of the output is that of some modified cell specimen which shares identity with the input unmodified cell specimen, and not with the biotin label. Thus, we see that an important criteria of 'reagent-ness' is that it is a facilitator, and not the primary focus of an investigation or material processing technique (ie not the specified subject/evaluant about which knowledge is sought, or the specified output material of the technique). reagent role patient role a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778 a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider GROUP:Role Branch patient OBI, CDISC CDISC definition: patient. Person under a physician's care for a particular disease or condition. NOTE: A subject in a clinical trial is not necessarily a patient, but a patient in a clinical trial is a subject. See also subject, trial subject, healthy volunteer. Often used interchangeably patient role material processing A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra material transformation OBI branch derived material processing protocol testing objective Protocol_testing_objective is a methodology_testing_objective role describing a study designed to examine the effects of using different protocols. Jennifer Fostel protocol testing objective study subject role Human subjects in a clinical trial, rats in a toxicogenomics study, tissue cutlures subjected to drug tests, fish observed in an ecotoxicology study. Parasite example: people are infected with a parasite which is then extracted; the particpant under investigation could be the parasite, the people, or a population of which the people are members, depending on the nature of the study. Lake example: a lake could realize this role in an investigation that assays pollution levels in samples of water taken from the lake. A role that is realized through the execution of a study design in which the bearer of the role participates and in which data about that bearer is collected. A participant can realize both "specimen role" and "participant under investigation role" at the same time. However "participant under investigation role" is distinct from "specimen role", since a specimen could somehow be involved in an investigation without being the thing that is under investigation. GROUP: Role Branch OBI Following OBI call November 2012,26th: 1. it was decided there was no need for moving the children class and making them siblings of study subject role. 2. it also settles the disambiguation about 'study subject'. This is about the individual participating in the investigation/study, Not the 'topic' (as in 'toxicity study') of the investigation/study This note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS participant under investigation role responsible party role he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study Person: Jennifer Fostel responsible party OBI responsible party role principal investigator role a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study Person: Jennifer Fostel principal investigator CDISC definition: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator. 2. The individual principal investigator. 2. The individual under whose immediate direction the test article is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, a subject, or, in the event of an investigation conducted by a team of individuals, is See also sponsor-investigator.; Leiter der klinischen Prufung.Under the German Drug Law, the physician who is head of the clinical investigation (CDISC): coordinating investigator (CDISC) (also study coordinator, MUSC); sponsor-investigator. An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject.NOTE: The term does not include any person other than an individual, hence not a corporation, agency (CDISC) principal investigator role specimen role liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient. a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen. parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject. GROUP: Role Branch OBI specimen role intervention design PMID: 18208636.Br J Nutr. 2008 Jan 22;:1-11.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone and vitamin D status among Pakistani immigrants in Denmark: a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled intervention study. An intervention design is a study design in which a controlled process applied to the subjects (the intervention) serves as the independent variable manipulated by the experimentalist. The treatment (perturbation or intervention) defined can be defined as a combination of values taken by independent variable manipulated by the experimentalists are applied to the recruited subjects assigned (possibly by applying specific methods) to treatment groups. The specificity of intervention design is the fact that independent variables are being manipulated and a response of the biological system is evaluated via response variables as monitored by possibly a series of assays. Philppe Rocca-Serra OBI branch derived intervention design baseline participant role Subject at time = 0; subject before a stress test. a reference participant role which is realized by making the reference to qualities at the start of the study or intervention Person: Jennifer Fostel baseline participant baseline participant role filter paper A device manufacture with the intent to provide a porous unsized paper used for filtering. Frank Gibson sep:00107 filter paper crossover population role a role realized when a participant serves as reference to itself Person: Jennifer Fostel crossover population crossover population role study group role The group of randomized participants that are assigned to a treatment arm of the trial a study population role where the bearer is a population of material entities and the role is realized in the implementation of a study design wherein the entities bearing the study population role are observed or subjected to intervention according to the study design and are biological replicates, i.e. they receive the same treatment under the protocol Jennifer Fostel study group population study group role population PMID12564891. Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jan 15;37(2):223-8. Effects of historic PCB exposures on the reproductive success of the Hudson River striped bass population. a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area 1/28/2013, BP, on the call it was raised that we may want to switch to an external ontology for all populatin terms: http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/ PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from Oxford English Dictionnary rem1: collection somehow always involve a selection process population biological replicate role A member of a dose-time group; a patient in a given arm of a trial a reference participant role realized by equivalent treatment of participants Person:Jennifer Fostel biological replicate OBI biological replicate role investigation agent role The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress. A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing. Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen. Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) GROUP: Role Branch investigator OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. study person role Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) investigation agent role methodology testing objective Methodology_testing_objective is an objective role carried out by a proposition defining the aim of the study is to examine the effect of using different methodologies. Jennifer Fostel methodology testing objective reference subject role Saline treated rat; one of three identically-treated subjects a reference subject role which inheres in an organism or entity of organismal origin so that the characteristics or responses of the participant playing the reference participant role are used for comparison or reference Jennifer Fostel reference participant OBI reference subject role organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization technical replicate role Aliquots of a tissue subjected to parallel assays technical replicate role is realized when two portions from one evaluant are used in replicate runs of an assay Person: Jennifer Fostel technical replicate technical replicate role cohort role In statistics and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects - most often humans from a given population - defined by experiencing an event (typically birth) in a particular time span. Wikipedia "cohort", Feb 29 2008 a cohort role is a biological replicate role played by a group of study participants who share a common characteristic of interest to the study. Jennifer Fostel WEB:http://www.sceoc.com/glossaryofterms/ # a group of individuals having a statistical factor (as age or class membership) in common in a demographic study, such as a cohort of students. WEB:http://www.thebody.org/content/treat/art2612.html # a group of individuals in a study who share a demographic, clinical, or other statistical characteristic (eg, age, study site). WEB:http://www.uhhospitals.org/tabid/591/Default.aspx # A cohort is a group of people with a common characteristic that is studied over a period of time as part of a scientific or medical investigation. cohort role plan The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol. A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc. AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS branch derived plan protocol PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR. A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29) study protocol protocol adding a material entity into a target Injecting a drug into a mouse. Adding IL-2 to a cell culture. Adding NaCl into water. is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'. Class was renamed from 'administering substance', as this is commonly used only for additions into organisms. BP branch derived adding a material entity into a target analyte role Glucose in blood (measured in an assay to determine the concentration of glucose). A measurand role borne by a molecular entity or an atom and realized in an analyte assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the analyte in the entity bearing evaluant role. interestingly, an analyte is still an analyte even if it is not detected. for this reason it does not bear a specified input role pH (technically the inverse log of [H+]) may be considered a quality; this remains to be tested. qualities such as weight, color are not assayed but measured, so they do not fall into this category. GROUP: Role Branch OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. analyte role material to be added role drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal; material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process Role Branch OBI 9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch material to be added role interpreting data Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene. A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel Bjoern Peters drawing a conclusion based on data planning The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software. a process of creating or modifying a plan specification 7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters Plans and Planned Processes Branch planning mass analyzer The mass analyzer of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation A Mass analyzer is a device that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. All mass spectrometers are based on dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields in vacuum where the two laws of Lorentz force law and Newton's second law of motion apply. Frank Gibson PERSON: Daniel Schober http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Mass_analyzer mass analyzer ion source The ion source of a Voyager-DE??? STR Biospectrometry Workstation An ion source is a device that is part of a mass spectrometer that ionizes the material under analysis. The ions are then transported by magnetic or electric fields to the mass analyzer. Techniques for ionization have been key to determining what types of samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Electron ionization and chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors. In chemical ionization sources, the material is ionized by chemical ion-molecule reactions during collisions in the source. Two techniques often used with liquid and solid biological samples include electrospray ionization (due to John Fenn PMID 2675315.) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI, due to M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp (Measuring Mass: From Positive Rays to Proteins by Michael A. Grayson (Editor) (ISBN 0-941901-31-9))). Frank Gibson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Ion_source ion source ion detector The ion detector of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation An ion detector is a device that measures and records the charge induced or current produced when an ion passes by or hits a surface. Example: In a scanning instrument the signal produced in the detector during the course of the scan versus where the instrument is in the scan (at what m/Q) will produce a mass spectrum, a record of ions as a function of m/Q. Frank Gibson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Detector ion detector contain function A syringe, a beaker A contain function is a function to constrain a material entities location in space Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot contain function heat function A heat function is a function that increases the internal kinetic energy of a material Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot heat function material separation function A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot material separation function filter function A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through Frank Gibson filter function ionization function The ion source in amass spectrometer An ionization function is a function to physically convert an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization ionization function cool function A cool function is a function to decrease the internal kinetic energy of a material below the initial kinetic energy of that type of material. Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot cool function environment control function An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot environment control function measuring glucose concentration in blood serum assay Measuring glucose concentration in blood from a mouse. See Figure 2 of the 2016 OBI paper, PMID: 27128319. An assay that determines the concentration of glucose molecules in a blood serum sample Bjoern Peters OBI measuring glucose concentration in blood serum assay extract Up-regulation of inflammatory signalings by areca nut extract and role of cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G>a polymorphism reveal risk of oral cancer. Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;68(20):8489-98. PMID: 18922923 an extract is a material entity which results from an extraction process PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra extracted material GROUP: OBI Biomatrial Branch extract adding material objective creating a mouse infected with LCM virus is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity BP adding material objective analyte measurement objective The objective to measure the concentration of glucose in a blood sample an assay objective to determine the presence or concentration of an analyte in the evaluant PERSON: Bjoern Peters PPPB branch analyte measurement objective assay objective the objective to determine the weight of a mouse. an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role) PPPB branch PPPB branch assay objective analyte assay example of usage: In lab test for blood glucose, the test is the assay, the blood bears evaluant_role and glucose bears the analyte role. The evaluant is considered an input to the assay and the information entity that records the measurement of glucose concentration the output An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration, or amount of an analyte in an evaluant. Alan Ruttenberg Bjoern Peters Helen Parkinson Philippe Rocca-Serra Alan Ruttenberg Bjoern Peters Helen Parkinson OBI Planned process branch Philippe Rocca-Serra analyte assay target of material addition role peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application. target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role. GROUP: Role Branch OBI target of material addition role normalized data set A data set that is produced as the output of a normalization data transformation. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot normalized data set measure function A glucometer measures blood glucose concentration, the glucometer has a measure function. Measure function is a function that is borne by a processed material and realized in a process in which information about some entity is expressed relative to some reference. PERSON: Daniel Schober PERSON: Helen Parkinson PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON:Frank Gibson measure function material transformation objective The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS. an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra artifact creation objective GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch material transformation objective study design execution injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design. a planned process that carries out a study design removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired. branch derived 6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation. study design execution clinical chemistry assay Influence of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.4) administration on hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. An analyte assay which uses analytical methods to produce measurements and data on the concentration of chemical parameters (analytes) present in a bodily fluid collected from an organism. Philippe Rocca-Serra chemical pathology detection of analyte in blood sample url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_chemistry clinical chemistry assay scattered molecular aggregate the sodium and chloride ions in a glass of salt water a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg Collective Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 scattered molecular aggregate hematology assay Co-associations between insulin sensitivity and measures of liver function, subclinical inflammation, and hematology._PMID:18702943 An assay that studies blood and blood producing organs using a variety of techniques and instruments Philippe Rocca-Serra blood analysis haematology OBI branch derived hematology assay material separation objective The objective to obtain multiple aliquots of an enzyme preparation. The objective to obtain cells contained in a sample of blood. is an objective to transform a material entity into spatially separated components. PPPB branch PPPB branch material separation objective urine specimen a portion of urine collected from an organism 4/10/2011BP: It seems to me that the editor notes refer to a previous version, and are no longer relevant. This could be instead a kind of collection of secreted stuff. Among secreted stuff there is passive, and active. urine is secreted, passiv. lavage is secreted, active are we happy calling collection of urine a material separation? urine specimen material combination Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS. is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output. created at workshop as parent class for 'adding material into target', which is asymmetric, while combination encompasses all addition processes. bp bp material combination blood specimen blood drawn from a human for glucose assay a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters blood specimen specimen collection process drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role. Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process. label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/ Bjoern Peters specimen collection 5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession 6/9/09: used at workshop specimen collection process sample from organism a material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole 5/29: This is a helper class for now we need to work on this: Is taking a urine sample a material separation process? If not, we will need to specify what 'taking a sample from organism' entails. We can argue that the objective to obtain a urine sample from a patient is enough to call it a material separation process, but it could dilute what material separation was supposed to be about. sample from organism portioning objective The objective to obtain multiple aliquots of an enzyme preparation. A material separation objective aiming to separate material into multiple portions, each of which contains a similar composition of the input material. portioning objective separation into different composition objective The objective to obtain cells contained in a sample of blood. A material separation objective aiming to separate a material entity that has parts of different types, and end with at least one output that is a material with parts of fewer types (modulo impurities). We should be using has the grain relations or concentrations to distinguish the portioning and other sub-objectives separation into different composition objective specimen collection objective The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient. A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters specimen collection objective material combination objective is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials. PPPB branch bp material combination objective glucose tolerance test PMID: 19527607 An assay that measures glucose clearance from blood over time by repeated glucose measurement in blood serum or plasma after the administration of a glucose bolus in-vivo. This assay can be used to evaluate the severity of insulin resistance or the efficiency of glucose clearance. Philippe Rocca-Serra NuGO OBI plan branch glucose tolerance test host role In biology, a host is an organism that harbors a virus or parasite, or a mutual or commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology) 30 March 09 host role is a role played by an organism and realized by providing nourishment, shelter or a means of reproduction to another organism within the organism playing the host role 30Mar09 virus reproducing inside a cell; bacteria causing a disease, host can be harmed or not. we want to avoid a cat sitting on my lap and an animal care technician; these are not examples or hosts; dental cares = on tooth, but part of outer layer of tooth, so covered by "within" in the definition GROUP: Role Branch 30 Mar09 submitted by vaccine community OBI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology) host role material sample role a role borne by a portion of blood taken to represent all the blood in an organism; the role borne by a population of humans with HIV enrolled in a study taken to represent patients with HIV in general. A material sample role is a specimen role borne by a material entity that is the output of a material sampling process. 7/13/09: Note that this is a relational role: between the sample taken and the 'sampled' material of which the sample is thought to be representative off. material sample role material sample blood drawn from patient to measure his systemic glucose level. A population of humans with HIV enrolled in a study taken to represent patients with HIV in general. A material entity that has the material sample role OBI: workshop sample population sample material sample independent variable specification In a study in which gene expression is measured in patients between 8 month to 4 years old that have mild or severe malaria and in which the hypothesis is that gene expression in that age group is a function of disease status, disease status is the independent variable. a directive information entity that is part of a study design. Independent variables are entities whose values are selected to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled 2/2/2009 Original definition - In the design of experiments, independent variables are those whose values are controlled or selected by the person experimenting (experimenter) to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled. In the Philly 2013 workshop the label was chosen to distinguish it from "dependent variable" as used in statistical modelling. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_modeling PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Chris Stoeckert experimental factor independent variable Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify thisdefinition please notify OBI. study factor study design independent variable material maintenance objective An objective specification maintains some or all of the qualities of a material over time. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Bjoern Peters material maintenance objective informed consent process A planned process in which a person or their legal representative is informed about key facts about potential risks and benefits of a process and makes a documented decision as to whether the person in question will participate. 09/28/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: This is made a subclass of the higher level processual entity in BFO because I don't want to take a stand on whether it is a process aggregate. Analogous to the situation with Material entity. Person:Alan Ruttenberg http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/info/glossary#informed 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case informed consent process to be treated with active ingredient role Role of a patient in a group treated with an active substance in a clinical trial A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive active ingredient, and is realized in a study execution in which they receive the active ingredient Person:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Helen Parkinson 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case to be treated with active ingredient role to be treated with placebo role A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive a placebo, and realized in a study execution in which they receive the placebo Person:Alan Ruttenberg 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case to be treated with placebo role research organization The SALK institute is a research organization. An organization formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations Person:Bjoern Peters research organization measurement device A ruler, a microarray scanner, a Geiger counter. A device in which a measure function inheres. GROUP:OBI Philly workshop OBI measurement device material maintenance a process with that achieves the objective to maintain some or all of the characteristics of an input material over time material maintenance study intervention the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study PERSON: Bjoern Peters GROUP: OBI study intervention material separation device flow cytometer A device with a separation function realized in a planed process material separation device service consumer role A biologist who uses a sequencing services fulfills the role of a service consumer a role which inheres in a person who uses a service Person:Helen Parkinson OBI service consumer role service provider role Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer. is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person PERSON:Helen Parkinson service provider role compound treatment design an intervention design in which the treatment is the administration of a compound This is meant to include all kinds of material administrations, including vaccinations, chemical compounds etc. PERSON: Bjoern Peters MO_555 compound_treatment_design compound treatment design processed specimen A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells. A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. processed specimen container A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time 03/21/2010: Added to allow classification of children (similar to what we want to do for 'measurement device'. Lookint at what classifies here, we may want to reconsider a contain function assigned to a part of an entity is necessarily also a function of the whole (e.g. is a centrifuge a container because it has test tubes as parts?) PERSON: Bjoern Peters container device A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function. An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure. A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. 2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform. 2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example: (1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part. (2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay. (3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel. In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay. PERSON: Helen Parkinson instrument OBI development call 2012-12-17. device dose specification a protocol specifying to administer 1 ml of vaccine to a mouse a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target dose specification sequence data example of usage: the representation of a nucleotide sequence in FASTA format used for a sequence similarity search. A measurement datum that representing the primary structure of a macromolecule(it's sequence) sometimes associated with an indicator of confidence of that measurement. Person:Chris Stoeckert GROUP: OBI sequence data dose An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses. dose performing a diagnosis Diagnosing that a patient has pneumonia based on information on measurements of temperature, sound of breathing, and patient complaining about a headache. The interpretation of the information available about bodily features (clinical picture) of a patient resulting in a diagnosis performing a diagnosis administration of material to specimen Staining cells in a tissue slice with a dye. The directed combination of a material entity with a specimen. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters administration of material to specimen questionnaire A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is)) PERSON: Jessica Turner Merriam-Webster questionnaire nucleic acid extract An extract that is the output of an extraction process in which nucleic acid molecules are isolated from a specimen. PERSON: Jie Zheng UPenn Group nucleic acid extract environmental control device A growth chamber is an environmental control device. An environmental control device is a device which has the function to control some aspect of the environment such as temperature, or humidity. Helen Parkinson OBI environmental control device nucleic acid sequencer An device that is used to determine the order of nucleotides in nucleic acid sequences. PERSON: Erik Segerdell PERSON: Erik Segerdell nucleic acid sequencer protein sequencer An device that is used to determine the order of amino acids in protein sequences. PERSON: Erik Segerdell PERSON: Erik Segerdell protein sequencer service providing a training course for UCSD employees how to run a DNA sequencer; sequencing a DNA sample provided by a service consumer restricted to non-human samples; giving access to tissue samples in a biobank within OHSU; JAX shipping mice from their colony A planned process in which a service provider performs a task (i.e. a planned process) for a service consumer. Carlo; Matt OBI workshop San Diego 2011 service quality control testing design A study design in which some aspects of the experiment is quality controlled for the purposes of quality assurance. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng MO_981 quality_control_testing_design quality control testing design dose response design A study design that examines the relationship between the size of the administered dose and the extent of the response. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng MO_485 dose_response_design dose response design specimen from organism A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm). PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng tissue specimen MO_954 organism_part specimen from organism material maintenance service model organism colony maintanance A material processing service in which a service provider makes physical modifications to a specified input material, such that at least one of the specified outputs of this process is a modified version of a specified input material. PERSON: Carlo Torniai PERSON: Matthew Brush PERSON: Matthew Brush Here we need to go back to the defintoin of storage process. It has object specification which is material maintenance. Not necessareley a material maintenance is needed in a storage process. material maintenance service material service A service performing DNA sequencing, a service preforming cell analysis. A service performing cell line immortalization A service which has a material entity as specified input and/or specified output. PERSON: Carlo Torniai PERSON: Matthew Brush PERSON: Carlo Torniai material service material analysis service Services performing DNA sequencing or Cell Analysis A service in which a service consumer provides some input material and a service provider performs some analysis of this material to generate data that is returned to the service consumer. PERSON: Carlo Torniai PERSON: Matthew Brush PERSON: Matthew Brush material analysis service material storage service A service that offers liquid nitrogen stroage. A storage service in which a service consumer provides some material as input which a service provider stores and returns as output. PERSON: Carlo Torniai PERSON: Matthew Brush PERSON: Matthew Brush material storage service investigation description A textual entity that describes an investigation. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group study description project description NIAID GSCID-BRC investigation description specimen identifier A CRID symbol denotes a specimen and used to distinguish one specimen from another in an investigation. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng specimen ID NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen ID NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen identifier 1 PubMed ID A CRID symbol that is sufficient to look up a citation from the PubMed, a literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. Edits was made on Aug 24, 2016 based on OBI dev call, details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/819/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng PMID PubMed Identifier Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PMID Publication Citation NIAID GSCID-BRC PubMed ID investigation title A textual entity that denotes an investigation. Person:Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group study title project title NIAID GSCID-BRC investigation title Bioinformatics Resource Center An organization that is one of the Internet-based research centers established and funded by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases). The Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) were formed in response to the threats posed by emerging and re-emerging pathogens, particularly CDC Category A, B, and C pathogens, and their potential use in bioterrorism. The intention of NIAID in funding these bioinformatics centers is to assist researchers involved in the experimental characterization of such pathogens and the formation of drugs, vaccines, or diagnostic tools to combat them. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng BRC Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Resource_Centers NIAID GSCID-BRC Bioinformatics Resource Center country name A textual entity that denotes a geographic location that is a site or part of a site that is identified as a country in the political geography. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country Specimen Collection Location - Country NIAID GSCID-BRC country name investigation identifier A CRID symbol used to identify an investigation. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zhneg NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group project ID NIAID GSCID-BRC investigation identifier grant identifier A CRID symbol used to identify a grant. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group grant ID NIAID GSCID-BRC grant identifier analytical chromatography analytical chromatography grant A plan specification of organization A to give money to organization B so that B conducts investigations. Organization A has funder role and Organization B has research organization role. Discussed on Feb 13, 2012 dev call. Details see the tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3483338&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Group: OBI OBI AR: Grant isn't a plan specification, it has a part which is a plan specification. See tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3483338&group_id=177891&atid=886178 grant contact representative role A role inhering in a person who represents an institution, organization, or service provider and realized when communication is directed at them about the entity they represent. Discussed on May 7, 2012 dev call propose:contact role, type of organization role, and create shortcut relation between 'organization role' and 'organization' ? Whether it works for communicating author in manuscript or not? Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3512891&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person: Chris Stoeckert NIAID GSCID-BRC contact representative role selection criterion rats should be aged between 6 and 8 weeks and weight between 180-250grams A directive information entity which defines and states a principle of standard by which selection process may take place. Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra selection rule OBI discussion summarized under the following tracker item : http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/678/ selection criterion specimen collector role An Investigation agent role borne by a person or organization which is realized in a specimen collection process. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert Penn Group NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen collector role drawing a conclusion Concluding that the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the square root of the sum of squares of the other two sides in a right-triangle. Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. A planned process in which new information is inferred from existing information. drawing a conclusion organization of specimen provider principal investigator An organization that is the affiliation of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Provider PI's Institution NIAID GSCID-BRC organization of specimen provider principal investigator organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person An organization that is the affiliation of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's Institution NIAID GSCID-BRC organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person A person who is the contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact Name NIAID GSCID-BRC Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person specimen-based scope of investigation specification Some examples of specimen scope are Monoisolate, Multiisolate, Multi-species, Environment, or Synthetic. A plan specification which specifies the scope of an investigation based on the heterogeneity of organisms or type of material that are the specified input of specimen collection. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Scope NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen-based scope of investigation specification specimen repository organization An organization that provides a service to store and distribute specimens PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Repository NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen repository organization email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person An email address of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's email NIAID GSCID-BRC email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person sequencing facility contact person A person who is the contact representative at the sequencing facility PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility Contact Name NIAID GSCID-BRC sequencing facility contact person specimen provider principal investigator A person who is a principal investigator and provides the specimen PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Provider Principal Investigator (PI) Name NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen provider principal investigator email address of specimen collector An email address of the person collecting the specimen PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Collector's email NIAID GSCID-BRC email address of specimen collector sequencing facility organization An organization that provides sequence determination service PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility NIAID GSCID-BRC sequencing facility organization organization of specimen collector An organization that is the affiliation of the person collecting the specimen PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Collector's Institution NIAID GSCID-BRC organization of specimen collector email address of sequencing facility contact person An email address of the contact representative at the sequencing facility PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility Contact's email NIAID GSCID-BRC email address of sequencing facility contact person specimen collector A person who collects the specimen PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Collector Name NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen collector investigation assay specification Some examples of Project Method are Sequence, Array, Mass Spectrometry A plan specification which indicates the assay type used to obtain data. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Project Method NIAID GSCID-BRC investigation assay specification organization of sequencing facility contact person An organization that is the affiliation of the contact representative at the sequencing facility PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility Contact's Institution NIAID GSCID-BRC organization of sequencing facility contact person comment on investigation A textual entity that is about any of the aspects of an investigation worth noting PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Comments NIAID GSCID-BRC comment on investigation specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository A specimen identifier which is assigned by a specimen repository PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Repository Sample ID NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility A specimen identifier which is assigned by a sequencing facility PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample ID - Sequencing Facility NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility sample preparation for sequencing assay A sample preparation for assay that preparation of nucleic acids for a sequencing assay PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Nucleic Acid Preparation Method NIAID GSCID-BRC sample preparation for sequencing assay email address of specimen provider principal investigator An email address of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Provider PI's email NIAID GSCID-BRC email address of specimen provider principal investigator sequencing service A service provides sequencing service which is the realization of some sequencing such as RNA and DNA sequencing in which the service provider role is realized. Person: Jie Zheng Adpated from 'DNA sequencing service' NIAID GSCID-BRC sequencing service testable hypothesis that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660 An information content entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested. In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "hypothesis textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group hypothesis Group:2013 Philly Workshop group testable hypothesis conclusion based on data The conclusion that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. The conclusion that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. The conclusion that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime". An information content entity that is inferred from data. In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group Group:2013 Philly Workshop group conclusion based on data cell freezing medium A processed material that serves as a liquid vehicle for freezing cells for long term quiescent stroage, which contains chemicls needed to sustain cell viability across freeze-thaw cycles. PERSON: Matthew Brush cell freezing medium selection PMID: 24023800. In this study, a set of eleven genes (VATP16, 60 S, UQCC, SMD3, EF1α, UBQ, SAND, GAPDH, ACT, PsaB, PTB2) was evaluated to identify reference genes during the first hours of interaction (6, 12, 18 and 24 hpi) between two V. vinifera genotypes and P. viticola. Two analyses were used for the selection of reference genes: direct comparison of susceptible, Trincadeira, and resistant, Regent, V. vinifera cultivars at 0 h, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post inoculation with P. viticola (genotype effect); and comparison of each genotype with mock inoculated samples during inoculation time-course (biotic stress effect). Three statistical methods were used, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, allowing to identify UBQ, EF1α and GAPDH as the most stable genes for the genotype effect. A planned process which results in the creation of group of entity from a larger group by the application of predefined criteria. this term refers to a planned process and therefore is distinct from the notion of 'natural selection', a process covering the operation of natural causes by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to the environment tend to be preserved and to transmit their characters, while those less adapted die out, so that in the course of generations the degree of adaptation to the environment tends progressively to increase. (as defined by Oxford English Dictionary) Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra selection process OBI selection 1 1 scalar value specification A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label PERSON:Bjoern Peters scalar value specification comparing prediction to measurement A planned process in which predicted values for some thing are compared to measured values for that thing. comparing prediction to measurement value specification The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass. An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement. PERSON:Bjoern Peters value specification predicted value an information content entity that has been generated by a prediction process in which an estimate of a value of an entity is made which can be measured but without performing such a measurement. The value specification is intended to be close to the value a measurement process would produce modulo a prediction error. PERSON:Bjoern Peters predicted value grant agency An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations. PERSON: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert funding organization NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group NIAID GSCID-BRC grant agency 'funding organization' http://vivoweb.org/ontology/core#FundingOrganization collection of specimens Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study. A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng OBIB, OBI Biobank collection of specimens specimen set collection process Collection of both blood and urine specimens in one clinical visit; Taking out liver and brain specimens during an autopsy. A specimen collection process that generates multiple specimens from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time. Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng OBIB, OBI specimen set collection process specimens collected in one encounter Both blood and urine specimens collected in one clinical visit; liver and brain specimens taken during an autopsy. A collection of specimens that is collected from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng specimen set OBIB, OBI Biobank specimens collected in one encounter human specimen set A specimen set that is collected from one person during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng Duke Biobank, OBIB, OBI Biobank human specimen set specimens collected longitudinally A collection of specimens that was derived from the same source material entity at different time points in order to observe changes in that entity. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert Bjoern Peters, OBI specimens collected longitudinally physical store a freezer. a humidity controlled box. A container with an environmental control function. For details see tracker item: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/793/ Chris Stoeckert Duke Biobank, OBIB physical store digital object identifier The doi symbol: "10.1109/5.771073" resolves to ieee website: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=771073 A centrally registered identifier symbol used to uniquely identify objects given by International DOI Foundation. The DOI system is particularly used for electronic documents such as journal articles. Discussed on Aug 22, 2016 OBI dev call. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/818/ OBI developers DOI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier https://www.doi.org/ digital object identifier high performance liquid chromotography assay high performance liquid chromotography assay molecular analysis facility organization An analysis facility that includes analysis of molecular metabolites, as well as the various DNAs and RNAs. An organization that provides molecular analysis service. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis MAF NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB molecular analysis facility organization measurand role A role borne by a material entity and realized in an assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the measurand in the entity bearing evaluant role. Person: Alan Ruttenberg, Jie Zheng https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/measurand https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/778 measurand role bile specimen A specimen that is derived from bile. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank bile specimen feces specimen A specimen that is derived from feces. Chris Stoeckert stool specimen Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank feces specimen digestive system fluid or secretion specimen A specimen that is derived from digestive system fluid or secretion. Chris Stoeckert gastric fluid specimen Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank digestive system fluid or secretion specimen milk specimen A specimen that is derived from milk. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank milk specimen saliva specimen A specimen that is derived from saliva. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank saliva specimen sputum specimen A specimen that is derived from sputum. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank sputum specimen sweat specimen A specimen that is derived from sweat. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank sweat specimen blood plasma specimen PMID: 18217225.Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jan;35(1):55-60. Review.Human immunodeficiency virus viral load in blood plasma and semen: review and implications of empirical findings. a material entity which corresponds to the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. 03/21/2010: BP, blood plasma is defined as the output of certain separation processes, so this is in the domain of OBI, not FMA. PERSON: Maura Gasparetto PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra plasma WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma blood plasma specimen blood serum specimen PMID: 18229666.Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:204-6.Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy. A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors. PERSON: Maura Gasparetto PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma blood serum specimen organism animal fungus plant virus A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism organism specimen Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen. A material entity that has the specimen role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch specimen cultured cell population A cultured cell population applied in an experiment: "293 cells expressing TrkA were serum-starved for 18 hours and then neurotrophins were added for 10 min before cell harvest." (Lee, Ramee, et al. "Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins." Science 294.5548 (2001): 1945-1948). A cultured cell population maintained in vitro: "Rat cortical neurons from 15 day embryos are grown in dissociated cell culture and maintained in vitro for 8–12 weeks" (Dichter, Marc A. "Rat cortical neurons in cell culture: culture methods, cell morphology, electrophysiology, and synapse formation." Brain Research 149.2 (1978): 279-293). A processed material comprised of a collection of cultured cells that has been continuously maintained together in culture and shares a common propagation history. 2013-6-5 MHB: This OBI class was formerly called 'cell culture', but label changed and definition updated following CLO alignment efforts in spring 2013, during which the intent of this class was clarified to refer to portions of a culture or line rather than a complete cell culture or line. PERSON:Matthew Brush cell culture sample PERSON:Matthew Brush The extent of a 'cultured cell population' is restricted only in that all cell members must share a propagation history (ie be derived through a common lineage of passages from an initial culture). In being defined in this way, this class can be used to refer to the populations that researchers actually use in the practice of science - ie are the inputs to culturing, experimentation, and sharing. The cells in such populations will be a relatively uniform population as they have experienced similar selective pressures due to their continuous co-propagation. And this population will also have a single passage number, again owing to their common passaging history. Cultured cell populations represent only a collection of cells (ie do not include media, culture dishes, etc), and include populations of cultured unicellular organisms or cultured multicellular organism cells. They can exist under active culture, stored in a quiescent state for future use, or applied experimentally. cultured cell population glucose in solution Glucose present in blood A scattered aggregate of glucose molecules in a liquid PERSON: Jie Zheng glucose molecules glucose in solution data transformation The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value. A planned process that produces output data from input data. Elisabetta Manduchi Helen Parkinson James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra Richard Scheuermann Ryan Brinkman Tina Hernandez-Boussard data analysis data processing Branch editors data transformation data transformation objective normalize objective An objective specification to transformation input data into output data Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop James Malone PERSON: James Malone data transformation objective data normalization objective Quantile transformation which has normalization objective can be used for expression microarray assay normalization and it is referred to as "quantile normalization", according to the procedure described e.g. in PMID 12538238. A normalization objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to remove systematic sources of variation to put the data on equal footing in order to create a common base for comparisons. Elisabetta Manduchi Helen Parkinson James Malone PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: Helen Parkinson PERSON: James Malone data normalization objective normalization data transformation A normalization data transformation is a data transformation that has objective normalization. James Malone PERSON: James Malone normalization data transformation scaling objective Scaling gene expression data for cross platform analysis http://www.springerprotocols.com/Abstract/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-454-4_13 is a data transformation objective where all, or some of a data set is adjusted by some data transformation according to some scale, for example a user defined minimum or maximum Awaiting English definition from Monnie McGee James Malone Person:Helen Parkinson scaling objective sequential design PMID: 17710740.Pharm Stat. 2007 Aug 20.Sequential design approaches for bioequivalence studies with crossover designs. Any design in which the decision as to whether to enroll the next patient, pair of patients, or block of patients is determined by whether the cumulative treatment difference for all previous patients is within specified limits. Enrollment is continued if the difference does not exceed the limits. It is terminated if it does Philippe Rocca-Serra MUSC Provenance: OCI sequential design observation design PMID: 12387964.Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1144-9.Deficiency of antibacterial peptides in patients with morbus Kostmann: an observation study. observation design is a study design in which subjects are monitored in the absence of any active intervention by experimentalists. Philippe Rocca-Serra OBI branch derived observation design pool of specimens A pool of specimens is a mixture of a population of samples which have been gathered from one or more sample populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish. check with advisors as to how to represent multiple instances of any class? a set of specimens which have been gathered from one or more sample_populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish PERSON: Jennifer Fostel GROUP: CEBS pool of specimens validated information PMID: 20084519: "..Three of four interactions were validated via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an independent sample of healthy controls;..." an information content entity which results from a validation process aimed at confirming a claim, a finding or a predicted information entity about a material entity or a process by experimental means. Person:Philippe Rocca-Serra OBI validated information curated information PMID: 17344875: A curated compendium of phosphorylation motifs.Nat Biotechnol. 2007 Mar;25(3):285-6. A information content entity that has undergone a digital curation performed by a curator for accuracy checks and compliance with curation requirements. Information which has been assessed for accuracy by domain experts. 2009-11-10 Bjoern Peters. Need to check if this was intended. overlap with 'edited information', and has the same logical restrictions. 2010-01-31 Philippe Rocca-Serra: restriction now changed to be the output of a digital curation process + reflected in example of usage and reference Person:Bjoern Peters Person:Philippe Rocca-Serra OBI curated information randomized group participant role A person enrolled in a randomized clinical trial bears a randomized group participant role a role that borne by an organism and realized by some group randomization process Person:Helen Parkinson Philippe Rocca-Serra randomized group participant role extraction nucleic acid extraction using phenol chloroform A material separation in which a desired component of an input material is separated from the remainder Current the output of material processing defined as the molecular entity, main component in the output material entity, rather than the material entity that have grain molecular entity. 'nucleic acid extract' is the output of 'nucleic acid extraction' and has grain 'nucleic acid'. However, the output of 'nucleic acid extraction' is 'nucleic acid' rather than 'nucleic acid extract'. We are aware of this issue and will work it out in the future. Person:Bjoern Peters Philippe Rocca-Serra extraction filtration PMID: 18524968.Filtration of CSF improves isolation of Mycobacteria.J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Jun 4. filtration is a process which separates components suspended in a fluid based on granularity properties relying on a filter device Philippe Rocca-Serra OBI-Branch: adapted from wikipedia and wordnet filtration centrifugation PMID: 18428461.Purification of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors using immunomagnetic separation and Percoll gradient centrifugation. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2001 May;Chapter 3:Unit 3.12. centrifugation is a process separating molecules by size or density using centrifugal forces generated by a spinning rotor. G-forces of several hundred thousand times gravity are generated in ultracentrifugation Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm centrifugation storage PMID: 18550121.Total Prostate Specific Antigen Stability Confirmed After Long-Term Storage of Serum at -80C. J Urol. 2008 Jun 10. A maintenance process by which material entities that are not actively metabolizing are placed in well identified location and possibly under controlled environment in ad-hoc devices/structures in order to preserve and protect them from decay/alteration and maintain availability Philippe Rocca-Serra OBI-Branch storage group randomization PMID: 18349405. Randomization reveals unexpected acute leukemias in Southwest Oncology Group prostate cancer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 20;26(9):1532-6. A group assignment which relies on chance to assign materials to a group of materials in order to avoid bias in experimental set up. Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomization] group randomization document editing document editing validation PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16. a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from wordnet (wkipedia) validation digital curation PMID: 16901087. Supporting the curation of biological databases with reusable text mining.Genome Inform. 2005;16(2):32-44. Digital curation is the process of establishing and developing long term repositories of digital assets for current and future reference by researchers, scientists, and historians, and scholars generally. Philippe Rocca-Serra wikipedia digital curation DNA sequencer ABI 377 DNA Sequencer, ABI 310 DNA Sequencer A DNA sequencer is an instrument that determines the order of deoxynucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. Trish Whetzel MO DNA sequencer centrifuge A device with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents Melanie Courtot Person: Jennifer Fostel Trish Whetzel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge centrifuge study design a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design. A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution. Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert experimental design rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol. study design clinical study design PMID: 17655677.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007 Aug;18(9):965-71.Biventricular versus right ventricular pacing in patients with AV block (BLOCK HF): clinical study design and rationale. Plan for the precise procedure to be followed in a clinical trial, including planned and actual timing of events, choice of control group, method of allocating treatments, blinding methods; assigns a subject to pass through one or more epochs in the course of a trial. Specific design elements, e.g., crossover, parallel; dose-escalation [Modified from Pocock, Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach] The definition needs to be extended to other things than simply patients PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group clinical study design repeated measure design PMID: 10959922.J Biopharm Stat. 2000 Aug;10(3):433-45.Equivalence in test assay method comparisons for the repeated-measure, matched-pair design in medical device studies: statistical considerations. a study design which use the same individuals and exposure them to a set of conditions. The effect of order and practice can be confounding factor in such designs PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm repeated measure design cross over design PMID: 17601993-Objective: HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy (HIV-lipodystrophy) are insulin resistant and have elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying FFA-induced insulin resistance in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy. Research Design and Methods: Using a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design, we studied the effects of an overnight acipimox-induced suppression of FFA on glucose and FFA metabolism by using stable isotope labelled tracer techniques during basal conditions and a two-stage euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp (20 mU insulin/m(2)/min; 50 mU insulin/m(2)/min) in nine patients with nondiabetic HIV-lipodystrophy. All patients received antiretroviral therapy. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained during each stage of the clamp. Results: Acipimox treatment reduced basal FFA rate of appearance by 68.9% (52.6%-79.5%) and decreased plasma FFA concentration by 51.6 % (42.0%-58.9%), (both, P < 0.0001). Endogenous glucose production was not influenced by acipimox. During the clamp the increase in glucose-uptake was significantly greater after acipimox treatment compared to placebo (acipimox: 26.85 (18.09-39.86) vs placebo: 20.30 (13.67-30.13) mumol/kg/min; P < 0.01). Insulin increased phosphorylation of Akt (Thr(308)) and GSK-3beta (Ser(9)), decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) site 3a+b and increased GS-activity (I-form) in skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). Acipimox decreased phosphorylation of GS (site 3a+b) (P < 0.02) and increased GS-activity (P < 0.01) in muscle. Conclusion: The present study provides direct evidence that suppression of lipolysis in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy improves insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose-uptake. The increased glucose-uptake may in part be explained by increased dephosphorylation of GS (site 3a+b) resulting in increased GS activity. a repeated measure design which ensures that experimental units receive, in sequence, the treatment (or the control), and then, after a specified time interval (aka *wash-out periods*), switch to the control (or treatment). In this design, subjects (patients in human context) serve as their own controls, and randomization may be used to determine the ordering which a subject receives the treatment and control Philippe Rocca-Serra (source: http://www.sbu.se/Filer/Content0/publikationer/1/literaturesearching_1993/glossary.html) cross over design n-to-1 design N-of-1 design is a cross-over design in which the same patient is repeatedly randomised to receive either the experimental treatment or its control (Senn, 1993). Philippe Rocca-Serra Adapted from http://www.childrens-mercy.org/stats/definitions/crossover.htm and source:http://symptomresearch.nih.gov/chapter_6/sec1/csss1pg1.htm) n-to-1 design matched pairs design PMID: 17288613-BSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physicians in Canadian emergency departments (EDs) annually treat 185,000 alert and stable trauma victims who are at risk for cervical spine (C-spine) injury. However, only 0.9% of these patients have suffered a cervical spine fracture. Current use of radiography is not efficient. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is designed to allow physicians to be more selective and accurate in ordering C-spine radiography, and to rapidly clear the C-spine without the need for radiography in many patients. The goal of this phase III study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an active strategy to implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule into physician practice. Specific objectives are to: 1) determine clinical impact, 2) determine sustainability, 3) evaluate performance, and 4) conduct an economic evaluation. METHODS: We propose a matched-pair cluster design study that compares outcomes during three consecutive 12-months before, after, and decay periods at six pairs of intervention and control sites. These 12 hospital ED sites will be stratified as teaching or community hospitals, matched according to baseline C-spine radiography ordering rates, and then allocated within each pair to either intervention or control groups. During the after period at the intervention sites, simple and inexpensive strategies will be employed to actively implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule. The following outcomes will be assessed: 1) measures of clinical impact, 2) performance of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and 3) economic measures. During the 12-month decay period, implementation strategies will continue, allowing us to evaluate the sustainability of the effect. We estimate a sample size of 4,800 patients in each period in order to have adequate power to evaluate the main outcomes. DISCUSSION: Phase I successfully derived the Canadian C-Spine Rule and phase II confirmed the accuracy and safety of the rule, hence, the potential for physicians to improve care. What remains unknown is the actual change in clinical behaviors that can be affected by implementation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and whether implementation can be achieved with simple and inexpensive measures. We believe that the Canadian C-Spine Rule has the potential to significantly reduce health care costs and improve the efficiency of patient flow in busy Canadian EDs. A matched pair design is a study design which use groups of individuals associated (hence matched) to each other based on a set of criteria, one member going to one treatment, the other member receiving the other treatment. Philippe Rocca-Serra http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm matched pairs design parallel group design PMID: 17408389-Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most important reason for blindness following retinal detachment. Presently, vitreous tamponades such as gas or silicone oil cannot contact the lower part of the retina. A heavier-than-water tamponade displaces the inflammatory and PVR-stimulating environment from the inferior area of the retina. The Heavy Silicone Oil versus Standard Silicone Oil Study (HSO Study) is designed to answer the question of whether a heavier-than-water tamponade improves the prognosis of eyes with PVR of the lower retina. Methods: The HSO Study is a multicentre, randomized, prospective controlled clinical trial comparing two endotamponades within a two-arm parallel group design. Patients with inferiorly and posteriorly located PVR are randomized to either heavy silicone oil or standard silicone oil as a tamponading agent. Three hundred and fifty consecutive patients are recruited per group. After intraoperative re-attachment, patients are randomized to either standard silicone oil (1000 cSt or 5000 cSt) or Densiron((R)) as a tamponading agent. The main endpoint criteria are complete retinal attachment at 12 months and change of visual acuity (VA) 12 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative VA. Secondary endpoints include complete retinal attachment before endotamponade removal, quality of life analysis and the number of retina affecting re-operation within 1 year of follow-up. Results: The design and early recruitment phase of the study are described. Conclusions: The results of this study will uncover whether or not heavy silicone oil improves the prognosis of eyes with PVR. A parallel group design or independent measure design is a study design which uses unique experimental unit each experimental group, in other word no two individuals are shared between experimental groups, hence also known as parallel group design. Subjects of a treatment group receive a unique combination of independent variable values making up a treatment Philippe Rocca-Serra independent measure design http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm parallel group design randomized complete block design http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html,(A researcher is carrying out a study of the effectiveness of four different skin creams for the treatment of a certain skin disease. He has eighty subjects and plans to divide them into 4 treatment groups of twenty subjects each. Using a randomised blocks& design, the subjects are assessed and put in blocks of four according to how severe their skin condition is; the four most severe cases are the first block, the next four most severe cases are the second block, and so on to the twentieth block. The four &members of each block are then randomly assigned, one to each of the four treatment groups. http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#rbd)) A randomized complete block design is_a study design which assigns randomly treatments to block. The number of units per block equals the number of treatment so each block receives each treatment exactly once (hence the qualifier 'complete'). The design was originally devised from field trials used in agronomy and agriculture. The analysis assumes that there is no interaction between block and treatment. The method was then used in other settings So The randomised complete block design is a design in which the subjects are matched according to a variable which the experimenter wishes to control. The subjects are put into groups (blocks) of the same size as the number of treatments. The members of each block are then randomly assigned to different treatment groups. Philippe Rocca-Serra http://www.tufts.edu/~gdallal/ranblock.htm randomized complete block design balanced incomplete block design PMID: 7622388.Health Educ Q. 1995 May;22(2):201-10.Balanced incomplete block design: description, case study, and implications for practice. balanced incomplete block design is a kind of factorial design where all treatment pairs occur together within a block an equal number ?? times. ??ii' is the number of times treatment i occurs with i' Philippe Rocca-Serra http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_design and http://www.stat.psu.edu/~jglenn/stat503/05_factorial/02_factorial_IBD.html balanced incomplete block design loop design PMID: 12933549 A loop experiment design is where labeled extracts are compared in consecutive pairs. synonym: circular design Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO MO_912 loop design reference design PMID: 12933549 A reference experiment design type is where all samples are compared to a common reference. Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO MO_699 reference design latin square design PMID: 17582121-Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: DCAD of -3, 22, or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM), and 16 or 19% CP on a DM basis. Linear increases with DCAD occurred in DM intake, milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk true protein, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat. Milk production itself was unaffected by DCAD. Jugular venous blood pH, base excess and HCO3(-) concentration, and urine pH increased, but jugular venous blood Cl- concentration, urine titratable acidity, and net acid excretion decreased linearly with increasing DCAD. An elevated ratio of coccygeal venous plasma essential AA to nonessential AA with increasing DCAD indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Cows fed 16% CP had lower urea N in milk than cows fed 19% CP; the same was true for urea N in coccygeal venous plasma and urine. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and acid-base status did not differ between the 16 and 19% CP treatments. It was concluded that DCAD affected DM intake and performance of dairy cows in early lactation. Feeding 16% dietary CP to cows in early lactation, compared with 19% CP, maintained lactation performance while reducing urea N excretion in milk and urine. Latin square design is_a study design which allows in its simpler form controlling 2 levels of nuisance variables (also known as blocking variables).he 2 nuisance factors are divided into a tabular grid with the property that each row and each column receive each treatment exactly once. Philippe Rocca-Serra Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and latin square design graeco latin square design PMID: 6846242-Beaton et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:2546-59) reported on the partitioning of variance in 1-day dietary data for the intake of energy, protein, total carbohydrate, total fat, classes of fatty acids, cholesterol, and alcohol. Using the same food intake data and the expanded National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute food composition data base, these analyses of sources of variance have been expanded to include classes of carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, total ash, caffeine, and crude fiber. The analyses relate to observed intakes (replicated six times) of 30 adult males and 30 adult females obtained under a paired Graeco-Latin square design with sequence of interview, interviewer, and day of the week as determinants. Neither sequence nor interviewer made consistent contribution to variance. In females, day of the week had a significant effect for several nutrients. The major partitioning of variance was between interindividual variation (between subjects) and intraindividual variation (within subjects) which included both true day-to-day variation in intake and methodological variation. For all except caffeine, the intraindividual variability of 1-day data was larger than the interindividual variability. For vitamin A, almost all of the variance was associated with day-to-day variability. One day data provide a very inadequate estimate of usual intake of individuals. In the design of nutrition studies it is critical that the intended use of dietary data be a major consideration in deciding on methodology. There is no ideal dietary method. There may be preferred methods for particular purposes. Greco-Latin square design is a study design which relates to Latin square design Philippe Rocca-Serra Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and only 2 articles in pubmed ->probably irrelevant graeco latin square design hyper graeco latin square design PRS to do Philippe Rocca-Serra Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and no example found in pubmed->not in use in the community hyper graeco latin square design factorial design PMID: 17582121-Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: DCAD of -3, 22, or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM), and 16 or 19% CP on a DM basis. Linear increases with DCAD occurred in DM intake, milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk true protein, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat. Milk production itself was unaffected by DCAD. Jugular venous blood pH, base excess and HCO3(-) concentration, and urine pH increased, but jugular venous blood Cl- concentration, urine titratable acidity, and net acid excretion decreased linearly with increasing DCAD. An elevated ratio of coccygeal venous plasma essential AA to nonessential AA with increasing DCAD indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Cows fed 16% CP had lower urea N in milk than cows fed 19% CP; the same was true for urea N in coccygeal venous plasma and urine. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and acid-base status did not differ between the 16 and 19% CP treatments. It was concluded that DCAD affected DM intake and performance of dairy cows in early lactation. Feeding 16% dietary CP to cows in early lactation, compared with 19% CP, maintained lactation performance while reducing urea N excretion in milk and urine. factorial design is_a study design which is used to evaluate two or more factors simultaneously. The treatments are combinations of levels of the factors. The advantages of factorial designs over one-factor-at-a-time experiments is that they are more efficient and they allow interactions to be detected. In statistics, a factorial design experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or levels, and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. Such an experiment allows studying the effect of each factor on the response variable, as well as the effects of interactions between factors on the response variable. Philippe Rocca-Serra http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#facdes And from wikipedia (01/03/2007): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_experiment) factorial design 2x2 factorial design PMID: 17561240-The present experiment evaluates the effects of intermittent exposure to a social stimulus on ethanol and water drinking in rats. Four groups of rats were arranged in a 2x2 factorial design with 2 levels of Social procedure (Intermittent Social vs Continuous Social) and 2 levels of sipper Liquid (Ethanol vs Water). Intermittent Social groups received 35 trials per session. Each trial consisted of the insertion of the sipper tube for 10 s followed by lifting of the guillotine door for 15 s. The guillotine door separated the experimental rat from the conspecific rat in the wire mesh cage during the 60 s inter-trial interval. The Continuous Social groups received similar procedures except that the guillotine door was raised during the entire duration of the session. For the Ethanol groups, the concentrations of ethanol in the sipper [3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16% (vol/vol)] increased across sessions, while the Water groups received 0% ethanol (water) in the sipper throughout the experiment. Both Social procedures induced more intake of ethanol than water. The Intermittent Social procedure induced more ethanol intake at the two highest ethanol concentration blocks (10-12% and 14-16%) than the Continuous Social procedure, but this effect was not observed with water. Effects of social stimulation on ethanol drinking are discussed. a factorial design which has 2 experimental factors (aka independent variables) and 2 factor levels per experimental factors Philippe Rocca-Serra PMID: 17561240 2x2 factorial design fractional factorial design A fractional factorial design is_a study design in which only an adequately chosen fraction of the treatment combinations required for the complete factorial experiment is selected to be run Philippe Rocca-Serra http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri334.htm From ASQC (1983) Glossary & Tables for Statistical Quality Control fractional factorial design dye swap design PMID: 17411393-Dye-specific bias effects, commonly observed in the two-color microarray platform, are normally corrected using the dye swap design. This design, however, is relatively expensive and labor-intensive. We propose a self-self hybridization design as an alternative to the dye swap design. In this design, the treated and control samples are labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 (or Cy3 and Cy5), respectively, without dye swap, along with a set of self-self hybridizations on the control sample. We compare this design with the dye swap design through investigation of mouse primary hepatocytes treated with three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists at three dose levels. Using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were determined for both the self-self hybridization and dye swap designs. The DEG concordance between the two designs was over 80% across each dose treatment and chemical. Furthermore, 90% of DEG-associated biological pathways were in common between the designs, indicating that biological interpretations would be consistent. The reduced labor and expense for the self-self hybridization design make it an efficient substitute for the dye swap design. For example, in larger toxicogenomic studies, only about half the chips are required for the self-self hybridization design compared to that needed in the dye swap design. An experiment design type where the label orientations are reversed. exact synonym: flip dye, dye flip Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO MO_858 dye swap design replicate design A replicate experimental design type is where a series of replicates are performed to evaluate reproducibility or as a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of replicates for a subsequent experiments. Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO MO_885 replicate design self vs self design PMID: 17411393-Dye-specific bias effects, commonly observed in the two-color microarray platform, are normally corrected using the dye swap design. This design, however, is relatively expensive and labor-intensive. We propose a self-self hybridization design as an alternative to the dye swap design. In this design, the treated and control samples are labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 (or Cy3 and Cy5), respectively, without dye swap, along with a set of self-self hybridizations on the control sample. We compare this design with the dye swap design through investigation of mouse primary hepatocytes treated with three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists at three dose levels. Using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were determined for both the self-self hybridization and dye swap designs. The DEG concordance between the two designs was over 80% across each dose treatment and chemical. Furthermore, 90% of DEG-associated biological pathways were in common between the designs, indicating that biological interpretations would be consistent. The reduced labor and expense for the self-self hybridization design make it an efficient substitute for the dye swap design. For example, in larger toxicogenomic studies, only about half the chips are required for the self-self hybridization design compared to that needed in the dye swap design. A study design that investigates variance and error estimates in the experimental system, and is where the same extract is compared. Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO MO_490 self vs self design time series design PMID: 14744830-Microarrays are powerful tools for surveying the expression levels of many thousands of genes simultaneously. They belong to the new genomics technologies which have important applications in the biological, agricultural and pharmaceutical sciences. There are myriad sources of uncertainty in microarray experiments, and rigorous experimental design is essential for fully realizing the potential of these valuable resources. Two questions frequently asked by biologists on the brink of conducting cDNA or two-colour, spotted microarray experiments are 'Which mRNA samples should be competitively hybridized together on the same slide?' and 'How many times should each slide be replicated?' Early experience has shown that whilst the field of classical experimental design has much to offer this emerging multi-disciplinary area, new approaches which accommodate features specific to the microarray context are needed. In this paper, we propose optimal designs for factorial and time course experiments, which are special designs arising quite frequently in microarray experimentation. Our criterion for optimality is statistical efficiency based on a new notion of admissible designs; our approach enables efficient designs to be selected subject to the information available on the effects of most interest to biologists, the number of arrays available for the experiment, and other resource or practical constraints, including limitations on the amount of mRNA probe. We show that our designs are superior to both the popular reference designs, which are highly inefficient, and to designs incorporating all possible direct pairwise comparisons. Moreover, our proposed designs represent a substantial practical improvement over classical experimental designs which work in terms of standard interactions and main effects. The latter do not provide a basis for meaningful inference on the effects of most interest to biologists, nor make the most efficient use of valuable and limited resources. Groups of assays that are related as part of a time series. Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO MO_887 time series design stopping rule PMID: 17591081-BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the viral kinetics of Chinese CHC patients received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin and examine the impact of HCV genotypes and severity of liver disease. METHODOLOGY: 65 treatment-naove CHC patients who finished a 24-week therapy with peginterferon (alpha-2b (1.5 mcg/kg/week) plus ribavirin (1000-1200 mg /day) and 24 weeks of follow-up were enrolled. Hepatic fibrosis was graded by the METAVIR scoring system. Serum quantitative HCV RNA was determined by Versant HCV RNA 3.0 assay (Bayer Inc.). RESULTS: Genotype non-1 patients responded quickly and a higher percentage of them achieved undetectable HCV RNA (< 615 IU/mL) at week 4 compared with genotype 1 patients (93% vs. 69%, p = 0.018). Degree of hepatic fibrosis significantly affected end-of-treatment and sustained response (SVR). For patients who did not achieve early virological response (EVR), the negative predictive value for SVR was 100%. In genotype 1 patients, undetectable HCV RNA by week 4 was a good marker to predict treatment response, with a positive predictive value of 84% and a negative predictive value of 82%. CONCLUSIONS: EVR can be applied to Chinese patients as an early stopping rule. A 24-week duration of pegylated IFN/ribavirin might be adequate for genotype 1 patients who rapidly responded to therapy. a stopping rule (criterion) is_a *rule* which causes a *stopping process* to happen PRS PRS stopping rule compliance rule a compliance rule is a rule which ensures a compliance process occurs PRS PRS compliance rule standard compliance rule a standard compliance rule is a compliance rule which defines conformity to a representation standard PRS PRS standard compliance rule ethical standard compliance rule an ethical standard compliance rule is_a *compliance rule* which enable a *ethical compliance process* to occur PRS PRS ethical standard compliance rule eligibility criterion PMID: 17579629 -Eligibility criteria included: untreated ED-SCLC; age >/=70 and performance status 0-2, or age <70 and PS 3. an eligibility criterion (rule) is_a selection criterion which defines and states the requirements (positive or negative) for an entity to be considered as suitable for a given task or participation in a process. Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra eligibility rule Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group eligibility criterion inclusion criterion PMID: 23979341-The major inclusion criterion was patients in whom severe cerebral embolism was diagnosed at age 75 or younger (more than 9 in the NIHSS score on day 7 after the onset of stroke) . an inclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity suitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, inclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects MUST meet to be eligible for participation in a study. Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra inclusion condition inclusion rule Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group inclusion criterion exclusion rule PMID: 17600285-Exclusion criteria included the use of any topical ophthalmic or topical oral medication and/or history of ocular or oral surgery within the past six months. an exclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity unsuitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, exclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects SHOULD NOT meet to be eligible for participation in a study Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group exclusion criterion performing a clinical assessment A protocol application during which a series of tests are made of a patient leading to determination of disease state, or condition. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch clinical diagnosis OBI branch derived performing a clinical assessment human subject enrollment enlisting familiy members of HIV patients into a study A planned process with the objective to obtain a population of human subjects to participate in an investigation by determining eligibility of subjects and obtaining informed consent. As with group assignment, should the specified output here be an organism which bears a role Bjoern Peters IEDB criteria come from plan / clinical trial branch human subject enrollment collecting specimen from organism taking a sputum sample from a cancer patient, taking the spleen from a killed mouse, collecting a urine sample from a patient a process with the objective to obtain a material entity that was part of an organism for potential future use in an investigation PERSON:Bjoern Peters IEDB collecting specimen from organism 1 administering substance in vivo Balb/c mice received an intracameral or subconjunctival injection of trinitrophenylated spleen cells injecting mice with 10 ug morphine intranasally, a patient taking two pills of 1 mg aspirin orally A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance. 2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893050&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Different routes and means of administration should go as children underneath this Update the definition based on the discussion. Details see the tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/738/ needs roles such as perturber and perturbee (children of input role). Perturb is too strong. Host might be the name for one role. Others considered: Doner, Donated, Acceptor. Bjoern Peters Person:Bjoern Peters IEDB administering substance in vivo material component separation Using a cell sorter to separate a mixture of T cells into two fractions; one with surface receptor CD8 and the other lacking the receptor, or purification a material processing in which components of an input material become segregated in space Bjoern Peters IEDB material component separation group assignment Assigning' to be treated with active ingredient role' to an organism during group assignment. The group is those organisms that have the same role in the context of an investigation group assignment is a process which has an organism as specified input and during which a role is assigned Philippe Rocca-Serra cohort assignment study assignment OBI Plan group assignment maintaining cell culture When harvesting blood from a human, isolating T cells, and then limited dilution cloning of the cells, the maintaining_cell_culture step comprises all steps after the initial dilution and plating of the cells into culture, e.g. placing the culture into an incubator, changing or adding media, and splitting a cell culture a protocol application in which cells are kept alive in a defined environment outside of an organism. part of cell_culturing PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived maintaining cell culture 'establishing cell culture' a process through which a new type of cell culture or cell line is created, either through the isolation and culture of one or more cells from a fresh source, or the deliberate experimental modification of an existing cell culture (e.g passaging a primary culture to become a secondary culture or line, or the immortalization or stable genetic modification of an existing culture or line). PERSON:Matthew Brush PERSON:Matthew Brush A 'cell culture' as used here referes to a new lineage of cells in culture deriving from a single biological source.. New cultures are established through the initial isolation and culturing of cells from an organismal source, or through changes in an existing cell culture or line that result in a new culture with unique characteristics. This can occur through the passaging/selection of a primary culture into a secondary culture or line, or experimental modifications of an existing cell culture or line such as an immortalization process or other stable genetic modification. This class covers establishment of cultures of either multicellular organism cells or unicellular organisms. establishing cell culture sequencing assay The use of the Sanger method of DNA sequencing to determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA template An assay the uses chemical or biochemical means to infer the sequence of a biomaterial PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived sequencing assay dialysis the use of a dialysis bag of select pore size to remove salt from collagen isolated from mouse cartilage a protocol application that uses diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane to separate an input material into two fractions of different composition PERSON:Kevin Clancy OBI branch derived dialysis nucleic acid extraction Phenol / chlorophorm extraction disolvation of protein content folllowed by ethanol precipitation of the nucleic acid fraction over night in the fridge followed by centrifugation to obtain a nucleic acid pellet. a material separation to recover the nucleic acid fraction of an input material PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived requested by Helen Parkinson for MO. Could be defined class nucleic acid extraction disposition to cause an allergic reaction The role borne by a material entity that is realized when it is recognized by the immune system and results in the occurrence of an allergic disease. IEDB allergenic disposition IEDB disposition to cause an allergic reaction allergic reaction an allergic reaction is an pathologic immune response by an organism to a non-self entity that is normally harmless(the allergen) IEDB IEDB allergic reaction occurrence of allergy The process of an allergic disease occurring in an organism. IEDB IEDB occurrence of allergy infectious disease is a disease caused by an infectious agent IEDB IEDB infectious disease allergy is a disease in which an abnormally strong inflammatory immune response is triggered against non-self entities, and the immune response has no protective effect IEDB IEDB allergy cancer A disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division IEDB IEDB cancer autoimmune disease Is a disease characterized by an immune response of an organism against parts of itself IEDB IEDB autoimmune disease blood harvesting A material separation where blood is taken from an organism. IEDB IEDB blood harvesting pathologic process abnormal, harmful processes caused by or associated with a disease IEDB IEDB pathologic process allergen Birch pollen is an allergen A material entity bearing the disposition to cause an allergic reaction IEDB IEDB allergen bodily fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from some bodily fluid Mark A. Miller|ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066|Christian Stoeckert|ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller|ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066|Christian Stoeckert|ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X bodily fluid specimen clinical finding clinical finding clinical history A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family. clinical history laboratory finding laboratory finding phenotype A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. phenotype disease A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. disease clinical laboratory test clinical laboratory test physical examination physical examination disease course The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. replace 'OBI:occurrence of disease', need to add logical definition The axioms of OBI occurence of disease: Equivalent classes: realizes some disease Superclasses: 'has part' some 'pathologic process' 'has participant' some (organism and ('has role' some 'host of immune response role')) biological_process realizes some 'host of immune response role' disease course diagnosis diagnosis treatment A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process treatment prognosis prognosis human microbiome human microbiome microbiome microbiome microbiome in human gastrointestinal system microbiome in human gastrointestinal system human gut microbiome human gut microbiome sample collection or study aim description sample collection or study aim description study proper name study proper name number of total human study participant objective number of total human study participant objective legal person role legal person role age A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age biological sex An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. biological sex morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. length mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass temperature A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature time A quality in which events occur in sequence. time behavioral quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. behavioral quality female A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. female male A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. male volume A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. physical quality pressure A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. physical object quality mixed sex A biological sex quality inhering in a population of multiple sexes. mixed sex 3-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3-D extent phenotypic sex An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. phenotypic sex organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality population quality A quality that inheres in an entire population or part of a population. population quality A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure protein antithrombin III is a protein An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. protein region A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids. primary structure of sequence macromolecule sequence region population stratification prior to sampling population stratification prior to sampling stratification rule stratification rule stratum population stratum population mouth The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). mouth blood A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. blood organism substance Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. organism substance organism substance material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. multicellular organism anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. anatomical cluster tissue Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. tissue stomach An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. stomach adipose tissue Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue adipose tissue urine Excretion that is the output of a kidney urine sweat Secretion produced by a sweat gland. sweat colon Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. colon saliva A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. saliva milk An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0235 mammal milk milk bile vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. bile feces Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified] feces Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. female organism bodily fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid bodily fluid respiratory system fluid/secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. respiratory system fluid/secretion digestive system secreted substance digestive system secreted substance A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage. adult organism sputum Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. sputum length unit A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. length unit mass unit A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object. mass unit time unit A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. time unit temperature unit temperature unit substance unit substance unit concentration unit concentration unit volume unit volume unit frequency unit frequency unit pressure unit pressure unit volumetric flow rate unit volumetric flow rate unit rate unit rate unit vaccine A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine. vaccine vaccination a process of administering substance in vivo that involves in adding a vaccine into a host (e.g., human) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective or therapeutic adaptive immune response. vaccination start date start date question question identifier identifier description description inclusion criterion inclusion criterion exclusion criterion exclusion criterion article article address address affiliation affiliation personal name personal name conclusion conclusion website website objective objective number number time measurement time measurement study group study group endpoint endpoint country country start time start time end time end time institute institute URL URL subject role subject role standard operating procedure standard operating procedure ethnicity ethnicity recipe recipe study study control group control group email address email address cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus duration duration hypertension hypertension treatment treatment energy intake energy intake physical activity physical activity smoking behavior smoking behavior alcohol drinking alcohol drinking body weight body weight body height body height waist circumference waist circumference hip circumference hip circumference sample collection protocol sample collection protocol increased risk increased risk cigarettes per day measurement cigarettes per day measurement Obsolete Class example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion ## Elucidation This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally' ## How to interpret (informal) First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation. ## Example Class: nucleus SubClassOf: part_of some cell forall t : forall n : instance_of(n,Nucleus,t) implies exists c : instance_of(c,Cell,t) part_of(n,c,t) ## Notes This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation axiom holds for all times en Ontology for Biomedical Investigations Advisors for this project come from the IFOMIS group, Saarbruecken and from the Co-ODE group in Manchester Alan Ruttenberg Allyson Lister Barry Smith Bill Bug Bjoern Peters Carlo Torniai Chris Mungall Chris Stoeckert Chris Taylor Christian Bolling Cristian Cocos Daniel Rubin Daniel Schober Dawn Field Dirk Derom Elisabetta Manduchi Eric Deutsch Frank Gibson Gilberto Fragoso Helen C. Causton Helen Parkinson Holger Stenzhorn James A. Overton James Malone Jay Greenbaum Jeffrey Grethe Jennifer Fostel Jessica Turner Jie Zheng Joe White John Westbrook Kevin Clancy Larisa Soldatova Lawrence Hunter Liju Fan Luisa Montecchi Matthew Brush Matthew Pocock Melanie Courtot Melissa Haendel Mervi Heiskanen Monnie McGee Norman Morrison Philip Lord Philippe Rocca-Serra Pierre Grenon Richard Bruskiewich Richard Scheuermann Robert Stevens Ryan R. Brinkman Stefan Wiemann Susanna-Assunta Sansone Tanya Gray Tina Hernandez-Boussard Trish Whetzel Yongqun He 2009-07-31 The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is build in a collaborative, international effort and will serve as a resource for annotating biomedical investigations, including the study design, protocols and instrumentation used, the data generated and the types of analysis performed on the data. This ontology arose from the Functional Genomics Investigation Ontology (FuGO) and will contain both terms that are common to all biomedical investigations, including functional genomics investigations and those that are more domain specific. OWL-DL An ontology for the annotation of biomedical and functional genomics experiments. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ontology for Biomedical Investigations Please cite the OBI consortium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi where traditional citation is called for. However it is adequate that individual terms be attributed simply by use of the identifying PURL for the term, in projects that refer to them. 2020-12-16 A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location. geographic location kilogram kilogram gram gram minute minute hour hour day day week week year year 2021-03-11 FoodOn (http://foodon.org) is a consortium-driven project to build a comprehensive and easily accessible global farm-to-fork ontology about food, that accurately and consistently describes foods commonly known in cultures from around the world. Damion Dooley Food Ontology