vocabulary
ENTSO-E CIM EG
This vocabulary is describing the dynamics profile from IEC 61970-600-2.
ENTSO-E
Copyright
Dynamics Vocabulary
DynamicsProfile
Base
Content of the base CIM published as IEC 61970-301.
Dynamics
The CIM dynamic model definitions reflect the most common IEEE or, in the case of wind models, IEC, representations of models as well as models included in some of the transient stability software widely used by utilities. These dynamic models are intended to ensure interoperability between different vendors’ software products currently in use by electric utility energy companies, utilities, Transmission System Operators (TSOs), Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs), and Independent System Operators (ISOs). It is important to note that each vendor is free to select its own internal implementation of these models. Differences in vendor results, as long as they are within accepted engineering practice, caused by different internal representations, are acceptable. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the following modelling conventions are followed: - limited integrators are of the non-windup type; - it shall be possible to enter a time constant of zero (where it makes sense).
Domain
The domain package defines primitive datatypes that are used by classes in other packages. Stereotypes are used to describe the datatypes. The following stereotypes are defined: <<enumeration>> A list of permissible constant values. <<Primitive>> The most basic data types used to compose all other data types. <<CIMDatatype>> A datatype that contains a value attribute, an optional unit of measure and a unit multiplier. The unit and multiplier may be specified as a static variable initialized to the allowed value. <<Compound>> A composite of Primitive, enumeration, CIMDatatype or other Compound classes, as long as the Compound classes do not recurse. For all datatypes both positive and negative values are allowed unless stated otherwise for a particular datatype.
ActivePower
Product of RMS value of the voltage and the RMS value of the in-phase component of the current.
value
Float
A floating point number. The range is unspecified and not limited.
multiplier
UnitMultiplier
The unit multipliers defined for the CIM. When applied to unit symbols, the unit symbol is treated as a derived unit. Regardless of the contents of the unit symbol text, the unit symbol shall be treated as if it were a single-character unit symbol. Unit symbols should not contain multipliers, and it should be left to the multiplier to define the multiple for an entire data type. For example, if a unit symbol is "m2Pers" and the multiplier is "k", then the value is k(m**2/s), and the multiplier applies to the entire final value, not to any individual part of the value. This can be conceptualized by substituting a derived unit symbol for the unit type. If one imagines that the symbol "Þ" represents the derived unit "m2Pers", then applying the multiplier "k" can be conceptualized simply as "kÞ". For example, the SI unit for mass is "kg" and not "g". If the unit symbol is defined as "kg", then the multiplier is applied to "kg" as a whole and does not replace the "k" in front of the "g". In this case, the multiplier of "m" would be used with the unit symbol of "kg" to represent one gram. As a text string, this violates the instructions in IEC 80000-1. However, because the unit symbol in CIM is treated as a derived unit instead of as an SI unit, it makes more sense to conceptualize the "kg" as if it were replaced by one of the proposed replacements for the SI mass symbol. If one imagines that the "kg" were replaced by a symbol "Þ", then it is easier to conceptualize the multiplier "m" as creating the proper unit "mÞ", and not the forbidden unit "mkg".
micro
none
No multiplier or equivalently multiply by 1.
unit
UnitSymbol
The derived units defined for usage in the CIM. In some cases, the derived unit is equal to an SI unit. Whenever possible, the standard derived symbol is used instead of the formula for the derived unit. For example, the unit symbol Farad is defined as "F" instead of "CPerV". In cases where a standard symbol does not exist for a derived unit, the formula for the unit is used as the unit symbol. For example, density does not have a standard symbol and so it is represented as "kgPerm3". With the exception of the "kg", which is an SI unit, the unit symbols do not contain multipliers and therefore represent the base derived unit to which a multiplier can be applied as a whole. Every unit symbol is treated as an unparseable text as if it were a single-letter symbol. The meaning of each unit symbol is defined by the accompanying descriptive text and not by the text contents of the unit symbol. To allow the widest possible range of serializations without requiring special character handling, several substitutions are made which deviate from the format described in IEC 80000-1. The division symbol "/" is replaced by the letters "Per". Exponents are written in plain text after the unit as "m3" instead of being formatted as "m" with a superscript of 3 or introducing a symbol as in "m^3". The degree symbol "°" is replaced with the letters "deg". Any clarification of the meaning for a substitution is included in the description for the unit symbol. Non-SI units are included in list of unit symbols to allow sources of data to be correctly labelled with their non-SI units (for example, a GPS sensor that is reporting numbers that represent feet instead of meters). This allows software to use the unit symbol information correctly convert and scale the raw data of those sources into SI-based units. The integer values are used for harmonization with IEC 61850.
Dimension less quantity, e.g. count, per unit, etc.
Mass in kilograms. Note: multiplier “k” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
mol
deg
rad
degC
Relative temperature in degrees Celsius. In the SI unit system the symbol is °C. Electric charge is measured in coulomb that has the unit symbol C. To distinguish degree Celsius from coulomb the symbol used in the UML is degC. The reason for not using °C is that the special character ° is difficult to manage in software.
ohm
Magnetic flux density in teslas (Wb/m2).
Real power in watts (J/s). Electrical power may have real and reactive components. The real portion of electrical power (I²R or VIcos(phi)), is expressed in Watts. See also apparent power and reactive power.
Pressure in pascals (N/m²). Note: the absolute or relative measurement of pressure is implied with this entry. See below for more explicit forms.
mPers
mPers2
Acceleration in metres per second squared (m/s²).
m3Pers
Volumetric flow rate in cubic metres per second (m³/s).
mPerm3
Fuel efficiency in metres per cubic metres (m/m³).
kgm
Moment of mass in kilogram metres (kg·m) (first moment of mass). Note: multiplier “k” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
kgPerm3
Density in kilogram/cubic metres (kg/m³). Note: multiplier “k” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
m2Pers
Viscosity in square metres / second (m²/s).
WPermK
Thermal conductivity in watt/metres kelvin.
JPerK
ppm
rotPers
Rotations per second (1/s). See also Hz (1/s).
radPers
Angular velocity in radians per second (rad/s).
WPerm2
Heat flux density, irradiance, watts per square metre.
JPerm2
Insulation energy density, joules per square metre or watt second per square metre.
SPerm
KPers
Temperature change rate in kelvins per second.
PaPers
Pressure change rate in pascals per second.
JPerkgK
Specific heat capacity, specific entropy, joules per kilogram Kelvin.
Apparent power in volt amperes. See also real power and reactive power.
VAr
Reactive power in volt amperes reactive. The “reactive” or “imaginary” component of electrical power (VIsin(phi)). (See also real power and apparent power). Note: Different meter designs use different methods to arrive at their results. Some meters may compute reactive power as an arithmetic value, while others compute the value vectorially. The data consumer should determine the method in use and the suitability of the measurement for the intended purpose.
cosPhi
Power factor, dimensionless. Note 1: This definition of power factor only holds for balanced systems. See the alternative definition under code 153. Note 2 : Beware of differing sign conventions in use between the IEC and EEI. It is assumed that the data consumer understands the type of meter in use and the sign convention in use by the utility.
A2s
Ampere squared time in square amperes (A²s).
VAh
VArh
Reactive energy in volt ampere reactive hours.
VPerHz
HzPers
Rate of change of frequency in hertz per second.
character
charPers
Data rate (baud) in characters per second.
kgm2
Moment of mass in kilogram square metres (kg·m²) (Second moment of mass, commonly called the moment of inertia). Note: multiplier “k” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
Sound pressure level in decibels. Note: multiplier “d” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
WPers
lPers
Volumetric flow rate in litres per second.
dBm
Power level (logarithmic ratio of signal strength , Bel-mW), normalized to 1mW. Note: multiplier “d” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
min
ohmm
APerm
A/m, magnetic field strength, amperes per metre.
V2h
A2h
Ampere-squared hour, ampere-squared hour.
count
ft3
m3Perh
Volumetric flow rate, cubic metres per hour.
gal
Volume in gallons, US gallon (1 gal = 231 in3 = 128 fl ounce).
Btu
Volume in litres, litre = dm3 = m3/1000.
lPerh
lPerl
Concentration, The ratio of the volume of a solute divided by the volume of the solution. Note: Users may need use a prefix such a ‘µ’ to express a quantity such as ‘µL/L’.
gPerg
Concentration, The ratio of the mass of a solute divided by the mass of the solution. Note: Users may need use a prefix such a ‘µ’ to express a quantity such as ‘µg/g’.
molPerm3
Concentration, The amount of substance concentration, (c), the amount of solvent in moles divided by the volume of solution in m³.
molPermol
Concentration, Molar fraction, the ratio of the molar amount of a solute divided by the molar amount of the solution.
molPerkg
Concentration, Molality, the amount of solute in moles and the amount of solvent in kilograms.
sPers
Time, Ratio of time. Note: Users may need to supply a prefix such as ‘µ’ to show rates such as ‘µs/s’.
HzPerHz
Frequency, rate of frequency change. Note: Users may need to supply a prefix such as ‘m’ to show rates such as ‘mHz/Hz’.
VPerV
Voltage, ratio of voltages. Note: Users may need to supply a prefix such as ‘m’ to show rates such as ‘mV/V’.
APerA
Current, ratio of amperages. Note: Users may need to supply a prefix such as ‘m’ to show rates such as ‘mA/A’.
VPerVA
Power factor, PF, the ratio of the active power to the apparent power. Note: The sign convention used for power factor will differ between IEC meters and EEI (ANSI) meters. It is assumed that the data consumers understand the type of meter being used and agree on the sign convention in use at any given utility.
rev
kat
JPerkg
m3Uncompensated
Volume, cubic metres, with the value uncompensated for weather effects.
m3Compensated
Volume, cubic metres, with the value compensated for weather effects.
WPerW
Signal Strength, ratio of power. Note: Users may need to supply a prefix such as ‘m’ to show rates such as ‘mW/W’.
therm
onePerm
m3Perkg
Specific volume, cubic metres per kilogram, v.
Pas
NPerm
radPers2
Angular acceleration, radians per second squared.
JPerm3
VPerm
Electric field strength, volts per metre.
CPerm3
Electric charge density, coulombs per cubic metre.
CPerm2
Surface charge density, coulombs per square metre.
FPerm
HPerm
JPermol
JPermolK
Molar entropy, molar heat capacity, joules per mole kelvin.
CPerkg
Exposure (x rays), coulombs per kilogram.
GyPers
WPersr
WPerm2sr
Radiance, watts per square metre steradian.
katPerm3
Catalytic activity concentration, katals per cubic metre.
anglemin
anglesec
tonne
Mass in tons, “tonne” or “metric ton” (1000 kg = 1 Mg).
bar
mmHg
Pressure, millimetres of mercury (1 mmHg is approximately 133.3 Pa).
Magnetic flux, maxwells (1 Mx = 10-8 Wb).
Magnetic flux density, gausses (1 G = 10-4 T).
Magnetic field in oersteds, (1 Oe = (103/4p) A/m).
WPerA
Active power per current flow, watts per Ampere.
onePerHz
VPerVAr
ohmPerm
Electric resistance per length in ohms per metre ((V/A)/m).
kgPerJ
Weight per energy in kilograms per joule (kg/J). Note: multiplier “k” is included in this unit symbol for compatibility with IEC 61850-7-3.
JPers
AngleDegrees
ApparentPower
Product of the RMS value of the voltage and the RMS value of the current.
Area
Frequency
Length
Unit of length. It shall be a positive value or zero.
Per Unit - a positive or negative value referred to a defined base. Values typically range from -10 to +10.
Seconds
Temperature
Value of temperature in degrees Celsius.
VolumeFlowRate
Boolean
A type with the value space "true" and "false".
Date
Date as "yyyy-mm-dd", which conforms with ISO 8601. UTC time zone is specified as "yyyy-mm-ddZ". A local timezone relative UTC is specified as "yyyy-mm-dd(+/-)hh:mm".
Integer
An integer number. The range is unspecified and not limited.
String
A string consisting of a sequence of characters. The character encoding is UTF-8. The string length is unspecified and unlimited.
DroopSignalFeedbackKind
electricalPower
Electrical power feedback (connection indicated as 1 in the block diagrams of models, e.g. GovCT1, GovCT2).
No droop signal feedback, is isochronous governor.
fuelValveStroke
Fuel valve stroke feedback (true stroke) (connection indicated as 2 in the block diagrams of model, e.g. GovCT1, GovCT2).
governorOutput
Governor output feedback (requested stroke) (connection indicated as 3 in the block diagrams of models, e.g. GovCT1, GovCT2).
ExcIEEEST1AUELselectorKind
Types of connections for the UEL input used in ExcIEEEST1A.
ignoreUELsignal
inputHVgateVoltageOutput
UEL input HV gate with voltage regulator output.
inputHVgateErrorSignal
inputAddedToErrorSignal
ExcREXSFeedbackSignalKind
fieldVoltage
The voltage regulator output voltage is used. It is the same as exciter field voltage.
fieldCurrent
outputVoltage
The output voltage of the exciter is used.
ExcST6BOELselectorKind
Types of connections for the OEL input used for static excitation systems type 6B.
noOELinput
No OEL input is used. Corresponds to OELin not = 1 and not = 2 on the ExcST6B diagram. Original ExcST6B model would have called this OELin = 0.
beforeUEL
The connection is before UEL. Corresponds to OELin = 1 on the ExcST6B diagram.
afterUEL
The connection is after UEL. Corresponds to OELin = 2 on the ExcST6B diagram.
ExcST7BOELselectorKind
Types of connections for the OEL input used for static excitation systems type 7B.
No OEL input is used. Corresponds to OELin not = 1 and not = 2 and not = 3 on the ExcST7B diagram. Original ExcST7B model would have called this OELin = 0.
addVref
The signal is added to Vref. Corresponds to OELin = 1 on the ExcST7B diagram.
inputLVgate
The signal is connected into the input LVGate. Corresponds to OELin = 2 on the ExcST7B diagram.
outputLVgate
The signal is connected into the output LVGate. Corresponds to OELin = 3 on the ExcST7B diagram.
ExcST7BUELselectorKind
Types of connections for the UEL input used for static excitation systems type 7B.
noUELinput
No UEL input is used. Corresponds to UELin not = 1 and not = 2 and not = 3 on the ExcST7B diagram. Original ExcST7B model would have called this UELin = 0.
The signal is added to Vref. Corresponds to UELin = 1 on the ExcST7B diagram.
inputHVgate
The signal is connected into the input HVGate. Corresponds to UELin = 2 on the ExcST7B diagram.
outputHVgate
The signal is connected into the output HVGate. Corresponds to UELin = 3 on the ExcST7B diagram.
FrancisGovernorControlKind
Governor control flag for Francis hydro model.
mechanicHydrolicTachoAccelerator
Mechanic-hydraulic regulator with tacho-accelerometer (Cflag = 1).
mechanicHydraulicTransientFeedback
Mechanic-hydraulic regulator with transient feedback (Cflag=2).
electromechanicalElectrohydraulic
Electromechanical and electrohydraulic regulator (Cflag=3).
GenericNonLinearLoadModelKind
exponentialRecovery
loadAdaptive
GovHydro4ModelKind
simple
francisPelton
kaplan
IfdBaseKind
ifag
ifnl
iffl
InputSignalKind
Types of input signals. In dynamics modelling, commonly represented by the j parameter.
rotorSpeed
Input signal is rotor or shaft speed (angular frequency).
rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation
Input signal is rotor or shaft angular frequency deviation.
busFrequency
Input signal is bus voltage frequency. This could be a terminal frequency or remote frequency.
busFrequencyDeviation
Input signal is deviation of bus voltage frequency. This could be a terminal frequency deviation or remote frequency deviation.
generatorElectricalPower
Input signal is generator electrical power on rated S.
generatorAcceleratingPower
Input signal is generator accelerating power.
busVoltage
Input signal is bus voltage. This could be a terminal voltage or remote voltage.
busVoltageDerivative
Input signal is derivative of bus voltage. This could be a terminal voltage derivative or remote voltage derivative.
branchCurrent
Input signal is amplitude of remote branch current.
Input signal is generator field current.
generatorMechanicalPower
Input signal is generator mechanical power.
RemoteSignalKind
Type of input signal coming from remote bus.
remoteBusVoltageFrequency
Input is voltage frequency from remote terminal bus.
remoteBusVoltageFrequencyDeviation
Input is voltage frequency deviation from remote terminal bus.
remoteBusFrequency
Input is frequency from remote terminal bus.
remoteBusFrequencyDeviation
Input is frequency deviation from remote terminal bus.
remoteBusVoltageAmplitude
Input is voltage amplitude from remote terminal bus.
remoteBusVoltage
Input is voltage from remote terminal bus.
remoteBranchCurrentAmplitude
Input is branch current amplitude from remote terminal bus.
remoteBusVoltageAmplitudeDerivative
Input is branch current amplitude derivative from remote terminal bus.
remotePuBusVoltageDerivative
Input is PU voltage derivative from remote terminal bus.
RotorKind
roundRotor
Round rotor type of synchronous machine.
salientPole
Salient pole type of synchronous machine.
StaticLoadModelKind
exponential
This model is an exponential representation of the load. Exponential equations for active and reactive power are used and the following attributes are required: kp1, kp2, kp3, kpf, ep1, ep2, ep3 kq1, kq2, kq3, kqf, eq1, eq2, eq3.
zIP1
This model integrates the frequency-dependent load (primarily motors). ZIP1 equations for active and reactive power are used and the following attributes are required: kp1, kp2, kp3, kpf kq1, kq2, kq3, kqf.
zIP2
This model separates the frequency-dependent load (primarily motors) from other load. ZIP2 equations for active and reactive power are used and the following attributes are required: kp1, kp2, kp3, kq4, kpf kq1, kq2, kq3, kq4, kqf.
constantZ
The load is represented as a constant impedance. ConstantZ equations are used for active and reactive power and no attributes are required.
SynchronousMachineModelKind
Type of synchronous machine model used in dynamic simulation applications.
subtransient
subtransientTypeF
WECC type F variant of subtransient synchronous machine model.
subtransientTypeJ
WECC type J variant of subtransient synchronous machine model.
subtransientSimplified
Simplified version of subtransient synchronous machine model where magnetic coupling between the direct- and quadrature- axes is ignored.
subtransientSimplifiedDirectAxis
Simplified version of a subtransient synchronous machine model with no damper circuit on the direct-axis.
WindLookupTableFunctionKind
prr
Power versus speed change (negative slip) lookup table (prr(deltaomega)). It is used for the rotor resistance control model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.3.
omegap
Power vs. speed lookup table (omega(p)). It is used for the P control model type 3, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.4.
ipmax
Lookup table for voltage dependency of active current limits (ipmax(uWT)). It is used for the current limitation model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.8.
iqmax
Lookup table for voltage dependency of reactive current limits (iqmax(uWT)). It is used for the current limitation model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.8.
pwp
Power vs. frequency lookup table (pWPbias(f)). It is used for the wind power plant frequency and active power control model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, Annex D.
tcwdu
Crowbar duration versus voltage variation look-up table (TCW(du)). It is a case-dependent parameter. It is used for the type 3B generator set model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.3.3.
tduwt
Lookup table to determine the duration of the power reduction after a voltage dip, depending on the size of the voltage dip (Td(uWT)). It is a type-dependent parameter. It is used for the pitch control power model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.1.
qmaxp
Lookup table for active power dependency of reactive power maximum limit (qmaxp(p)). It is used for the QP and QU limitation model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.10.
qminp
Lookup table for active power dependency of reactive power minimum limit (qminp(p)). It is used for the QP and QU limitation model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.10.
qmaxu
Lookup table for voltage dependency of reactive power maximum limit (qmaxu(p)). It is used for the QP and QU limitation model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.10.
qminu
Lookup table for voltage dependency of reactive power minimum limit (qminu(p)). It is used for the QP and QU limitation model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.10.
tuover
Disconnection time versus over-voltage lookup table (Tuover(uWT)). It is used for the grid protection model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.6.
tuunder
Disconnection time versus under-voltage lookup table (Tuunder(uWT)). It is used for the grid protection model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.6.
tfover
Disconnection time versus over-frequency lookup table (Tfover(fWT)). It is used for the grid protection model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.6.
tfunder
Disconnection time versus under-frequency lookup table (Tfunder(fWT)). It is used for the grid protection model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.6.
qwp
Look up table for the UQ static mode (qWP(uerr)). It is used for the voltage and reactive power control model, IEC 61400-27-1:2015, Annex D.
WindPlantQcontrolModeKind
reactivePower
powerFactor
uqStatic
voltageControl
WindQcontrolModeKind
General wind turbine Q control modes MqG.
voltage
Voltage control (MqG equals 0).
Reactive power control (MqG equals 1).
openLoopReactivePower
Open loop reactive power control (only used with closed loop at plant level) (MqG equals 2).
Power factor control (MqG equals 3).
openLooppowerFactor
Open loop power factor control (MqG equals 4).
WindUVRTQcontrolModeKind
UVRT Q control modes MqUVRT.
mode0
Voltage-dependent reactive current injection (MqUVRT equals 0).
mode1
Reactive current injection controlled as the pre-fault value plus an additional voltage dependent reactive current injection (MqUVRT equals 1).
mode2
Reactive current injection controlled as the pre-fault value plus an additional voltage-dependent reactive current injection during fault, and as the pre-fault value plus an additional constant reactive current injection post fault (MqUVRT equals 2).
Core
Contains the core PowerSystemResource and ConductingEquipment entities shared by all applications plus common collections of those entities. Not all applications require all the Core entities. This package does not depend on any other package except the Domain package, but most of the other packages have associations and generalizations that depend on it.
ACDCTerminal
An electrical connection point (AC or DC) to a piece of conducting equipment. Terminals are connected at physical connection points called connectivity nodes.
ConductingEquipment
The parts of the AC power system that are designed to carry current or that are conductively connected through terminals.
The conducting equipment of the terminal. Conducting equipment have terminals that may be connected to other conducting equipment terminals via connectivity nodes or topological nodes.
Terminals
Conducting equipment have terminals that may be connected to other conducting equipment terminals via connectivity nodes or topological nodes.
Equipment
The parts of a power system that are physical devices, electronic or mechanical.
IdentifiedObject
This is a root class to provide common identification for all classes needing identification and naming attributes.
description
The description is a free human readable text describing or naming the object. It may be non unique and may not correlate to a naming hierarchy.
mRID
Master resource identifier issued by a model authority. The mRID is unique within an exchange context. Global uniqueness is easily achieved by using a UUID, as specified in RFC 4122, for the mRID. The use of UUID is strongly recommended. For CIMXML data files in RDF syntax conforming to IEC 61970-552, the mRID is mapped to rdf:ID or rdf:about attributes that identify CIM object elements.
name
The name is any free human readable and possibly non unique text naming the object.
PowerSystemResource
A power system resource (PSR) can be an item of equipment such as a switch, an equipment container containing many individual items of equipment such as a substation, or an organisational entity such as sub-control area. Power system resources can have measurements associated.
Terminal
An AC electrical connection point to a piece of conducting equipment. Terminals are connected at physical connection points called connectivity nodes.
Remote terminal with which this input signal is associated.
RemoteInputSignal
Wires
An extension to the Core and Topology package that models information on the electrical characteristics of Transmission and Distribution networks. This package is used by network applications such as State Estimation, Load Flow and Optimal Power Flow.
AsynchronousMachine
A rotating machine whose shaft rotates asynchronously with the electrical field. Also known as an induction machine with no external connection to the rotor windings, e.g. squirrel-cage induction machine.
Asynchronous machine to which this asynchronous machine dynamics model applies.
AsynchronousMachineDynamics
Asynchronous machine dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this asynchronous machine.
EnergyConnection
A connection of energy generation or consumption on the power system model.
EnergyConsumer
Generic user of energy - a point of consumption on the power system model. EnergyConsumer.pfixed, .qfixed, .pfixedPct and .qfixedPct have meaning only if there is no LoadResponseCharacteristic associated with EnergyConsumer or if LoadResponseCharacteristic.exponentModel is set to False.
Energy consumer to which this dynamics load model applies.
LoadDynamics
Load dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this energy consumer.
PowerElectronicsConnection
A connection to the AC network for energy production or consumption that uses power electronics rather than rotating machines.
The power electronics connection associated with this wind turbine type 3 or type 4 dynamics model.
WindTurbineType3or4Dynamics
The wind turbine type 3 or type 4 dynamics model associated with this power electronics connection.
RegulatingCondEq
A type of conducting equipment that can regulate a quantity (i.e. voltage or flow) at a specific point in the network.
RotatingMachine
A rotating machine which may be used as a generator or motor.
StaticVarCompensator
A facility for providing variable and controllable shunt reactive power. The SVC typically consists of a stepdown transformer, filter, thyristor-controlled reactor, and thyristor-switched capacitor arms. The SVC may operate in fixed MVar output mode or in voltage control mode. When in voltage control mode, the output of the SVC will be proportional to the deviation of voltage at the controlled bus from the voltage setpoint. The SVC characteristic slope defines the proportion. If the voltage at the controlled bus is equal to the voltage setpoint, the SVC MVar output is zero.
Static Var Compensator to which Static Var Compensator dynamics model applies.
StaticVarCompensatorDynamics
Static Var Compensator dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this Static Var Compensator.
SynchronousMachine
An electromechanical device that operates with shaft rotating synchronously with the network. It is a single machine operating either as a generator or synchronous condenser or pump.
Synchronous machine to which synchronous machine dynamics model applies.
SynchronousMachineDynamics
Synchronous machine dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this synchronous machine.
This package contains model for direct current equipment and controls.
ACDCConverter
A unit with valves for three phases, together with unit control equipment, essential protective and switching devices, DC storage capacitors, phase reactors and auxiliaries, if any, used for conversion.
CsConverter
DC side of the current source converter (CSC). The firing angle controls the dc voltage at the converter, both for rectifier and inverter. The difference between the dc voltages of the rectifier and inverter determines the dc current. The extinction angle is used to limit the dc voltage at the inverter, if needed, and is not used in active power control. The firing angle, transformer tap position and number of connected filters are the primary means to control a current source dc line. Higher level controls are built on top, e.g. dc voltage, dc current and active power. From a steady state perspective it is sufficient to specify the wanted active power transfer (ACDCConverter.targetPpcc) and the control functions will set the dc voltage, dc current, firing angle, transformer tap position and number of connected filters to meet this. Therefore attributes targetAlpha and targetGamma are not applicable in this case. The reactive power consumed by the converter is a function of the firing angle, transformer tap position and number of connected filter, which can be approximated with half of the active power. The losses is a function of the dc voltage and dc current. The attributes minAlpha and maxAlpha define the range of firing angles for rectifier operation between which no discrete tap changer action takes place. The range is typically 10-18 degrees. The attributes minGamma and maxGamma define the range of extinction angles for inverter operation between which no discrete tap changer action takes place. The range is typically 17-20 degrees.
CSConverter
Current source converter to which current source converter dynamics model applies.
CSCDynamics
Current source converter dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this converter.
VsConverter
DC side of the voltage source converter (VSC).
Voltage source converter to which voltage source converter dynamics model applies.
VSCDynamics
Voltage source converter dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this converter.
StandardInterconnections
This subclause describes the standard interconnections for various types of equipment. These interconnections are understood by the application programs and can be identified based on the presence of one of the key classes with a relationship to the static power flow model: SynchronousMachineDynamics, AsynchronousMachineDynamics, EnergyConsumerDynamics or WindTurbineType3or4Dynamics. The relationships between classes expressed in the interconnection diagrams are intended to support dynamic behaviour described by either standard models or user-defined models. In the interconnection diagrams, boxes which are black in colour represent function blocks whose functionality can be provided by one of many standard models or by a user-defined model. Blue boxes represent specific standard models. A dashed box means that the function block or specific standard model is optional.
Supports connection to a terminal associated with a remote bus from which an input signal of a specific type is coming.
remoteSignalType
Remote input signal used by this discontinuous excitation control system model.
DiscontinuousExcitationControlDynamics
Discontinuous excitation control model using this remote input signal.
Remote input signal used by this wind generator type 1 or type 2 model.
WindTurbineType1or2Dynamics
Wind generator type 1 or type 2 model using this remote input signal.
Remote input signal used by this power system stabilizer model.
PowerSystemStabilizerDynamics
Power system stabilizer model using this remote input signal.
Remote input signal used by this underexcitation limiter model.
UnderexcitationLimiterDynamics
Underexcitation limiter model using this remote input signal.
Remote input signal used by this power factor or VAr controller type 1 model.
PFVArControllerType1Dynamics
Power factor or VAr controller type 1 model using this remote input signal.
Remote input signal used by this voltage compensator model.
VoltageCompensatorDynamics
Voltage compensator model using this remote input signal.
WindPlantDynamics
The remote signal with which this power plant is associated.
Wind turbine type 3 or type 4 models using this remote input signal.
Remote input signal used by these wind turbine type 3 or type 4 models.
StandardModels
This subclause contains standard dynamic model specifications grouped into packages by standard function block (type of equipment being modelled). In the CIM, standard dynamic models are expressed by means of a class named with the standard model name and attributes reflecting each of the parameters necessary to describe the behaviour of an instance of the standard model.
DynamicsFunctionBlock
Abstract parent class for all Dynamics function blocks.
enabled
Function block used indicator. true = use of function block is enabled false = use of function block is disabled.
RotatingMachineDynamics
Abstract parent class for all synchronous and asynchronous machine standard models.
damping
Damping torque coefficient (D) (>= 0). A proportionality constant that, when multiplied by the angular velocity of the rotor poles with respect to the magnetic field (frequency), results in the damping torque. This value is often zero when the sources of damping torques (generator damper windings, load damping effects, etc.) are modelled in detail. Typical value = 0.
inertia
Inertia constant of generator or motor and mechanical load (H) (> 0). This is the specification for the stored energy in the rotating mass when operating at rated speed. For a generator, this includes the generator plus all other elements (turbine, exciter) on the same shaft and has units of MW x s. For a motor, it includes the motor plus its mechanical load. Conventional units are PU on the generator MVA base, usually expressed as MW x s / MVA or just s. This value is used in the accelerating power reference frame for operator training simulator solutions. Typical value = 3.
saturationFactor
Saturation factor at rated terminal voltage (S1) (>= 0). Not used by simplified model. Defined by defined by S(E1) in the SynchronousMachineSaturationParameters diagram. Typical value = 0,02.
saturationFactor120
Saturation factor at 120% of rated terminal voltage (S12) (>= RotatingMachineDynamics.saturationFactor). Not used by the simplified model, defined by S(E2) in the SynchronousMachineSaturationParameters diagram. Typical value = 0,12.
statorLeakageReactance
Stator leakage reactance (Xl) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,15.
statorResistance
Stator (armature) resistance (Rs) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,005.
UserDefinedModels
This subclause contains user-defined dynamic model classes to support the exchange of both proprietary and explicitly defined user-defined models. Proprietary models represent behaviour which, while not defined by a standard model class, is mutually understood by the sending and receiving applications based on the name passed in the .name attribute of the appropriate xxxUserDefined class. Proprietary model parameters are passed as general attributes using as many instances of the ProprietaryParameterDynamics class as there are parameters. Explicitly defined models describe dynamic behaviour in detail in terms of control blocks and their input and output signals. Note that the classes to support explicitly defined modelling are not currently defined - it is future work intended to also be supported by the family of xxxUserDefined classes. Both types of user-defined models use the family of xxxUserDefined classes, which allow a user-defined model to be used: - as the model for an individual standard function block (such as a turbine-governor or power system stabilizer) in a standard interconnection model whose other function blocks could be either standard or user-defined. For an illustration of this form of usage for a proprietary model, see the ExampleFunctionBlockProprietaryModel diagram in subclause 5.5. - as the complete representation of a dynamic behaviour model (for an entire synchronous machine, for example) where standard function blocks and standard interconnections are not used at all. For an illustration of this form of usage for a proprietary model, see the ExampleCompleteProprietaryModel diagram in subclause 5.5.
CSCUserDefined
Current source converter (CSC) function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
proprietary
Behaviour is based on a proprietary model as opposed to a detailed model. true = user-defined model is proprietary with behaviour mutually understood by sending and receiving applications and parameters passed as general attributes false = user-defined model is explicitly defined in terms of control blocks and their input and output signals.
ProprietaryParameterDynamics
Parameter of this proprietary user-defined model.
Proprietary user-defined model with which this parameter is associated.
SVCUserDefined
Static var compensator (SVC) function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
VSCUserDefined
Voltage source converter (VSC) function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
WindPlantUserDefined
Wind plant function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
WindType1or2UserDefined
Wind type 1 or type 2 function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
WindType3or4UserDefined
Wind type 3 or type 4 function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
SynchronousMachineUserDefined
Synchronous machine whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
AsynchronousMachineUserDefined
Asynchronous machine whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
TurbineGovernorUserDefined
Turbine-governor function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
TurbineLoadControllerUserDefined
Turbine load controller function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
MechanicalLoadUserDefined
Mechanical load function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
ExcitationSystemUserDefined
Excitation system function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
OverexcitationLimiterUserDefined
Overexcitation limiter system function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
UnderexcitationLimiterUserDefined
Underexcitation limiter function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
PowerSystemStabilizerUserDefined
Power system stabilizer function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
DiscontinuousExcitationControlUserDefined
Discontinuous excitation control function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
PFVArControllerType1UserDefined
Power factor or VAr controller type 1 function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
VoltageAdjusterUserDefined
Voltage adjuster function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
PFVArControllerType2UserDefined
Power factor or VAr controller type 2 function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
VoltageCompensatorUserDefined
Voltage compensator function block whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
LoadUserDefined
Load whose dynamic behaviour is described by a user-defined model.
Supports definition of one or more parameters of several different datatypes for use by proprietary user-defined models. This class does not inherit from IdentifiedObject since it is not intended that a single instance of it be referenced by more than one proprietary user-defined model instance.
parameterNumber
Sequence number of the parameter among the set of parameters associated with the related proprietary user-defined model.
booleanParameterValue
Boolean parameter value. If this attribute is populated, integerParameterValue and floatParameterValue will not be.
integerParameterValue
Integer parameter value. If this attribute is populated, booleanParameterValue and floatParameterValue will not be.
floatParameterValue
Floating point parameter value. If this attribute is populated, booleanParameterValue and integerParameterValue will not be.
For conventional power generating units (e.g., thermal, hydro, combustion turbine), a synchronous machine model represents the electrical characteristics of the generator and the mechanical characteristics of the turbine-generator rotational inertia. Large industrial motors or groups of similar motors can be represented by individual motor models which are represented as generators with negative active power in the static (power flow) data. The interconnection with the electrical network equations can differ among simulation tools. The tool only needs to know the synchronous machine to establish the correct interconnection. The interconnection with the motor’s equipment could also differ due to input and output signals required by standard models.
SynchronousMachineSimplified
The simplified model represents a synchronous generator as a constant internal voltage behind an impedance (Rs + jXp) as shown in the Simplified diagram. Since internal voltage is held constant, there is no Efd input and any excitation system model will be ignored. There is also no Ifd output. This model should not be used for representing a real generator except, perhaps, small generators whose response is insignificant. The parameters used for the simplified model include: - RotatingMachineDynamics.damping (D); - RotatingMachineDynamics.inertia (H); - RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance (used to exchange jXp for SynchronousMachineSimplified); - RotatingMachineDynamics.statorResistance (Rs).
Synchronous machine whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model expressed in one of the following forms: - simplified (or classical), where a group of generators or motors is not modelled in detail; - detailed, in equivalent circuit form; - detailed, in time constant reactance form; or - by definition of a user-defined model. It is a common practice to represent small generators by a negative load rather than by a dynamic generator model when performing dynamics simulations. In this case, a SynchronousMachine in the static model is not represented by anything in the dynamics model, instead it is treated as an ordinary load. Parameter details: Synchronous machine parameters such as Xl, Xd, Xp etc. are actually used as inductances in the models, but are commonly referred to as reactances since, at nominal frequency, the PU values are the same. However, some references use the symbol L instead of X.
HighPressureSynchronousMachineDynamics
High-pressure synchronous machine with which this cross-compound turbine governor is associated.
CrossCompoundTurbineGovernorDyanmics
The cross-compound turbine governor with which this high-pressure synchronous machine is associated.
LowPressureSynchronousMachineDynamics
Low-pressure synchronous machine with which this cross-compound turbine governor is associated.
CrossCompoundTurbineGovernorDynamics
The cross-compound turbine governor with which this low-pressure synchronous machine is associated.
Synchronous machine model with which this mechanical load model is associated. MechanicalLoadDynamics shall have either an association to SynchronousMachineDynamics or AsynchronousMachineDyanmics.
MechanicalLoadDynamics
Mechanical load model associated with this synchronous machine model.
Synchronous machine model with which this excitation system model is associated.
ExcitationSystemDynamics
Excitation system model associated with this synchronous machine model.
Synchronous machine model with which this turbine-governor model is associated. TurbineGovernorDynamics shall have either an association to SynchronousMachineDynamics or to AsynchronousMachineDynamics.
TurbineGovernorDynamics
Turbine-governor model associated with this synchronous machine model. Multiplicity of greater than one is intended to support hydro units that have multiple turbines on one generator.
Standard synchronous machine out of which current flow is being compensated for.
GenICompensationForGenJ
Compensation of voltage compensator's generator for current flow out of this generator.
SynchronousMachineDetailed
All synchronous machine detailed types use a subset of the same data parameters and input/output variables. The several variations differ in the following ways: - the number of equivalent windings that are included; - the way in which saturation is incorporated into the model; - whether or not “subtransient saliency” (X''q not = X''d) is represented. It is not necessary for each simulation tool to have separate models for each of the model types. The same model can often be used for several types by alternative logic within the model. Also, differences in saturation representation might not result in significant model performance differences so model substitutions are often acceptable.
saturationFactorQAxis
Quadrature-axis saturation factor at rated terminal voltage (S1q) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
saturationFactor120QAxis
Quadrature-axis saturation factor at 120% of rated terminal voltage (S12q) (>= SynchonousMachineDetailed.saturationFactorQAxis). Typical value = 0,12.
efdBaseRatio
Ratio (exciter voltage/generator voltage) of Efd bases of exciter and generator models (> 0). Typical value = 1.
ifdBaseType
Excitation base system mode. It should be equal to the value of WLMDV given by the user. WLMDV is the PU ratio between the field voltage and the excitation current: Efd = WLMDV x Ifd. Typical value = ifag.
SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance
Synchronous machine detailed modelling types are defined by the combination of the attributes SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.modelType and SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.rotorType. Parameter details: The “p” in the time-related attribute names is a substitution for a “prime” in the usual parameter notation, e.g. tpdo refers to T'do. The parameters used for models expressed in time constant reactance form include: - RotatingMachine.ratedS (MVAbase); - RotatingMachineDynamics.damping (D); - RotatingMachineDynamics.inertia (H); - RotatingMachineDynamics.saturationFactor (S1); - RotatingMachineDynamics.saturationFactor120 (S12); - RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance (Xl); - RotatingMachineDynamics.statorResistance (Rs); - SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.ks (Ks); - SynchronousMachineDetailed.saturationFactorQAxis (S1q); - SynchronousMachineDetailed.saturationFactor120QAxis (S12q); - SynchronousMachineDetailed.efdBaseRatio; - SynchronousMachineDetailed.ifdBaseType; - .xDirectSync (Xd); - .xDirectTrans (X'd); - .xDirectSubtrans (X''d); - .xQuadSync (Xq); - .xQuadTrans (X'q); - .xQuadSubtrans (X''q); - .tpdo (T'do); - .tppdo (T''do); - .tpqo (T'qo); - .tppqo (T''qo); - .tc.
rotorType
modelType
Saturation loading correction factor (Ks) (>= 0). Used only by type J model. Typical value = 0.
xDirectSync
Direct-axis synchronous reactance (Xd) (>= SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xDirectTrans). The quotient of a sustained value of that AC component of armature voltage that is produced by the total direct-axis flux due to direct-axis armature current and the value of the AC component of this current, the machine running at rated speed. Typical value = 1,8.
xDirectTrans
Direct-axis transient reactance (unsaturated) (X'd) (>= SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xDirectSubtrans). Typical value = 0,5.
xDirectSubtrans
Direct-axis subtransient reactance (unsaturated) (X''d) (> RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance). Typical value = 0,2.
xQuadSync
Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance (Xq) (>= SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xQuadTrans). The ratio of the component of reactive armature voltage, due to the quadrature-axis component of armature current, to this component of current, under steady state conditions and at rated frequency. Typical value = 1,6.
xQuadTrans
Quadrature-axis transient reactance (X'q) (>= SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xQuadSubtrans). Typical value = 0,3.
xQuadSubtrans
Quadrature-axis subtransient reactance (X''q) (> RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance). Typical value = 0,2.
tpdo
Direct-axis transient rotor time constant (T'do) (> SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.tppdo). Typical value = 5.
tppdo
Direct-axis subtransient rotor time constant (T''do) (> 0). Typical value = 0,03.
tpqo
Quadrature-axis transient rotor time constant (T'qo) (> SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.tppqo). Typical value = 0,5.
tppqo
Quadrature-axis subtransient rotor time constant (T''qo) (> 0). Typical value = 0,03.
Damping time constant for “Canay” reactance (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
SynchronousMachineEquivalentCircuit
The electrical equations for all variations of the synchronous models are based on the SynchronousEquivalentCircuit diagram for the direct- and quadrature- axes. Equations for conversion between equivalent circuit and time constant reactance forms: Xd = Xad + Xl X’d = Xl + Xad x Xfd / (Xad + Xfd) X”d = Xl + Xad x Xfd x X1d / (Xad x Xfd + Xad x X1d + Xfd x X1d) Xq = Xaq + Xl X’q = Xl + Xaq x X1q / (Xaq + X1q) X”q = Xl + Xaq x X1q x X2q / (Xaq x X1q + Xaq x X2q + X1q x X2q) T’do = (Xad + Xfd) / (omega0 x Rfd) T”do = (Xad x Xfd + Xad x X1d + Xfd x X1d) / (omega0 x R1d x (Xad + Xfd) T’qo = (Xaq + X1q) / (omega0 x R1q) T”qo = (Xaq x X1q + Xaq x X2q + X1q x X2q) / (omega0 x R2q x (Xaq + X1q) Same equations using CIM attributes from SynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance class on left of "=" and SynchronousMachineEquivalentCircuit class on right (except as noted): xDirectSync = xad + RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance xDirectTrans = RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance + xad x xfd / (xad + xfd) xDirectSubtrans = RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance + xad x xfd x x1d / (xad x xfd + xad x x1d + xfd x x1d) xQuadSync = xaq + RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance xQuadTrans = RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance + xaq x x1q / (xaq+ x1q) xQuadSubtrans = RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance + xaq x x1q x x2q / (xaq x x1q + xaq x x2q + x1q x x2q) tpdo = (xad + xfd) / (2 x pi x nominal frequency x rfd) tppdo = (xad x xfd + xad x x1d + xfd x x1d) / (2 x pi x nominal frequency x r1d x (xad + xfd) tpqo = (xaq + x1q) / (2 x pi x nominal frequency x r1q) tppqo = (xaq x x1q + xaq x x2q + x1q x x2q) / (2 x pi x nominal frequency x r2q x (xaq + x1q) These are only valid for a simplified model where "Canay" reactance is zero.
xad
rfd
xfd
r1d
Direct-axis damper 1 winding resistance.
x1d
Direct-axis damper 1 winding leakage reactance.
xf1d
Differential mutual (“Canay”) reactance.
xaq
r1q
Quadrature-axis damper 1 winding resistance.
x1q
Quadrature-axis damper 1 winding leakage reactance.
r2q
Quadrature-axis damper 2 winding resistance.
x2q
Quadrature-axis damper 2 winding leakage reactance.
An asynchronous machine model represents a (induction) generator or motor with no external connection to the rotor windings, e.g. a squirrel-cage induction machine. The interconnection with the electrical network equations can differ among simulation tools. The program only needs to know the terminal to which this asynchronous machine is connected in order to establish the correct interconnection. The interconnection with the motor’s equipment could also differ due to input and output signals required by standard models. The asynchronous machine model is used to model wind generators type 1 and type 2. For these, normal practice is to include the rotor flux transients and neglect the stator flux transients.
Asynchronous machine whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model expressed in either time constant reactance form or equivalent circuit form or by definition of a user-defined model. Parameter details: Asynchronous machine parameters such as Xl, Xs, etc. are actually used as inductances in the model, but are commonly referred to as reactances since, at nominal frequency, the PU values are the same. However, some references use the symbol L instead of X.
Asynchronous machine model with which this turbine-governor model is associated. TurbineGovernorDynamics shall have either an association to SynchronousMachineDynamics or to AsynchronousMachineDynamics.
Turbine-governor model associated with this asynchronous machine model.
Asynchronous machine model with which this mechanical load model is associated. MechanicalLoadDynamics shall have either an association to SynchronousMachineDynamics or to AsynchronousMachineDynamics.
Mechanical load model associated with this asynchronous machine model.
Asynchronous machine model with which this wind generator type 1 or type 2 model is associated.
Wind generator type 1 or type 2 model associated with this asynchronous machine model.
AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance
Parameter details: If X'' = X', a single cage (one equivalent rotor winding per axis) is modelled. The “p” in the attribute names is a substitution for a “prime” in the usual parameter notation, e.g. tpo refers to T'o. The parameters used for models expressed in time constant reactance form include: - RotatingMachine.ratedS (MVAbase); - RotatingMachineDynamics.damping (D); - RotatingMachineDynamics.inertia (H); - RotatingMachineDynamics.saturationFactor (S1); - RotatingMachineDynamics.saturationFactor120 (S12); - RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance (Xl); - RotatingMachineDynamics.statorResistance (Rs); - .xs (Xs); - .xp (X'); - .xpp (X''); - .tpo (T'o); - .tppo (T''o).
Synchronous reactance (Xs) (>= AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xp). Typical value = 1,8.
Transient reactance (unsaturated) (X') (>= AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xpp). Typical value = 0,5.
xpp
Subtransient reactance (unsaturated) (X'') (> RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance). Typical value = 0,2.
tpo
Transient rotor time constant (T'o) (> AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.tppo). Typical value = 5.
tppo
Subtransient rotor time constant (T''o) (> 0). Typical value = 0,03.
AsynchronousMachineEquivalentCircuit
The electrical equations of all variations of the asynchronous model are based on the AsynchronousEquivalentCircuit diagram for the direct- and quadrature- axes, with two equivalent rotor windings in each axis. Equations for conversion between equivalent circuit and time constant reactance forms: Xs = Xm + Xl X' = Xl + Xm x Xlr1 / (Xm + Xlr1) X'' = Xl + Xm x Xlr1 x Xlr2 / (Xm x Xlr1 + Xm x Xlr2 + Xlr1 x Xlr2) T'o = (Xm + Xlr1) / (omega0 x Rr1) T''o = (Xm x Xlr1 + Xm x Xlr2 + Xlr1 x Xlr2) / (omega0 x Rr2 x (Xm + Xlr1) Same equations using CIM attributes from AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance class on left of "=" and AsynchronousMachineEquivalentCircuit class on right (except as noted): xs = xm + RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance xp = RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance + xm x xlr1 / (xm + xlr1) xpp = RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance + xm x xlr1 x xlr2 / (xm x xlr1 + xm x xlr2 + xlr1 x xlr2) tpo = (xm + xlr1) / (2 x pi x nominal frequency x rr1) tppo = (xm x xlr1 + xm x xlr2 + xlr1 x xlr2) / (2 x pi x nominal frequency x rr2 x (xm + xlr1).
rr1
xlr1
rr2
xlr2
The turbine-governor model is linked to one or two synchronous generators and determines the shaft mechanical power (Pm) or torque (Tm) for the generator model. Unlike IEEE standard models for other function blocks, the three IEEE turbine-governor standard models (GovHydroIEEE0, GovHydroIEEE2, and GovSteamIEEE1) are documented in IEEE Transactions, not in IEEE standards. For that reason, diagrams are supplied for those models. A 2012 IEEE report, Dynamic Models for Turbine-Governors in Power System Studies, provides updated information on a variety of models including IEEE, vendor and reliability authority models. Fully incorporating the results of that report into the CIM dynamics model is a future effort.
Turbine-governor cross-compound function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
Turbine-governor function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
Turbine-governor controlled by this turbine load controller.
TurbineLoadControllerDynamics
Turbine load controller providing input to this turbine-governor.
GovHydroIEEE0
IEEE simplified hydro governor-turbine model. Used for mechanical-hydraulic and electro-hydraulic turbine governors, with or without steam feedback. Typical values given are for mechanical-hydraulic turbine-governor. Reference: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, November/December 1973, Volume PAS-92, Number 6, Dynamic Models for Steam and Hydro Turbines in Power System Studies, page 1904.
mwbase
Base for power values (MWbase) (> 0). Unit = MW.
Governor lag time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,25.
Governor lead time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Gate actuator time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Water starting time (T4) (>= 0).
pmax
Gate maximum (Pmax) (> GovHydroIEEE0.pmin).
pmin
Gate minimum (Pmin) (< GovHydroIEEE.pmax).
GovHydroIEEE2
IEEE hydro turbine governor model represents plants with straightforward penstock configurations and hydraulic-dashpot governors. Reference: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, November/December 1973, Volume PAS-92, Number 6, Dynamic Models for Steam and Hydro Turbines in Power System Studies, page 1904.
Gate servo time constant (Tg) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Pilot servo valve time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,03.
Maximum gate opening velocity (Uo). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,1.
Maximum gate closing velocity (Uc) (<0). Typical value = -0,1.
Maximum gate opening (Pmax) (> GovHydroIEEE2.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening (Pmin) (<GovHydroIEEE2.pmax). Typical value = 0.
rperm
Permanent droop (Rperm). Typical value = 0,05.
rtemp
Temporary droop (Rtemp). Typical value = 0,5.
Dashpot time constant (Tr) (>= 0). Typical value = 12.
Water inertia time constant (Tw) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
kturb
Turbine gain (Kturb). Typical value = 1.
aturb
Turbine numerator multiplier (Aturb). Typical value = -1.
bturb
Turbine denominator multiplier (Bturb) (> 0). Typical value = 0,5.
gv1
Nonlinear gain point 1, PU gv (Gv1). Typical value = 0.
pgv1
Nonlinear gain point 1, PU power (Pgv1). Typical value = 0.
gv2
Nonlinear gain point 2, PU gv (Gv2). Typical value = 0.
pgv2
Nonlinear gain point 2, PU power (Pgv2). Typical value = 0.
gv3
Nonlinear gain point 3, PU gv (Gv3). Typical value = 0.
pgv3
Nonlinear gain point 3, PU power (Pgv3). Typical value = 0.
gv4
Nonlinear gain point 4, PU gv (Gv4). Typical value = 0.
pgv4
Nonlinear gain point 4, PU power (Pgv4). Typical value = 0.
gv5
Nonlinear gain point 5, PU gv (Gv5). Typical value = 0.
pgv5
Nonlinear gain point 5, PU power (Pgv5). Typical value = 0.
gv6
Nonlinear gain point 6, PU gv (Gv6). Typical value = 0.
pgv6
Nonlinear gain point 6, PU power (Pgv6). Typical value = 0.
GovSteamIEEE1
IEEE steam turbine governor model. Reference: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, November/December 1973, Volume PAS-92, Number 6, Dynamic Models for Steam and Hydro Turbines in Power System Studies, page 1904.
Governor gain (reciprocal of droop) (K) (> 0). Typical value = 25.
Governor lag time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Valve positioner time constant (T3) (> 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Maximum valve opening velocity (Uo) (> 0). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 1.
Maximum valve closing velocity (Uc) (< 0). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -10.
Maximum valve opening (Pmax) (> GovSteamIEEE1.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum valve opening (Pmin) (>= 0 and < GovSteamIEEE1.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Inlet piping/steam bowl time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Fraction of HP shaft power after first boiler pass (K1). Typical value = 0,2.
Fraction of LP shaft power after first boiler pass (K2). Typical value = 0.
Time constant of second boiler pass (T5) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
Fraction of HP shaft power after second boiler pass (K3). Typical value = 0,3.
Fraction of LP shaft power after second boiler pass (K4). Typical value = 0.
Time constant of third boiler pass (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Fraction of HP shaft power after third boiler pass (K5). Typical value = 0,5.
Fraction of LP shaft power after third boiler pass (K6). Typical value = 0.
Time constant of fourth boiler pass (T7) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Fraction of HP shaft power after fourth boiler pass (K7). Typical value = 0.
Fraction of LP shaft power after fourth boiler pass (K8). Typical value = 0.
GovCT1
General model for any prime mover with a PID governor, used primarily for combustion turbine and combined cycle units. This model can be used to represent a variety of prime movers controlled by PID governors. It is suitable, for example, for the representation of: gas turbine and single shaft combined cycle turbines diesel engines with modern electronic or digital governors steam turbines where steam is supplied from a large boiler drum or a large header whose pressure is substantially constant over the period under study simple hydro turbines in dam configurations where the water column length is short and water inertia effects are minimal. Additional information on this model is available in the 2012 IEEE report, Dynamic Models for Turbine-Governors in Power System Studies, 3.1.2.3 pages 3-4 (GGOV1).
Permanent droop (R). Typical value = 0,04.
rselect
Feedback signal for droop (Rselect). Typical value = electricalPower.
tpelec
Electrical power transducer time constant (Tpelec) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
maxerr
Maximum value for speed error signal (maxerr) (> GovCT1.minerr). Typical value = 0,05.
minerr
Minimum value for speed error signal (minerr) (< GovCT1.maxerr). Typical value = -0,05.
kpgov
Governor proportional gain (Kpgov). Typical value = 10.
kigov
Governor integral gain (Kigov). Typical value = 2.
kdgov
Governor derivative gain (Kdgov). Typical value = 0.
tdgov
Governor derivative controller time constant (Tdgov) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
vmax
Maximum valve position limit (Vmax) (> GovCT1.vmin). Typical value = 1.
vmin
Minimum valve position limit (Vmin) (< GovCT1.vmax). Typical value = 0,15.
tact
Actuator time constant (Tact) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Turbine gain (Kturb) (> 0). Typical value = 1,5.
wfnl
No load fuel flow (Wfnl). Typical value = 0,2.
Turbine lag time constant (Tb) (> 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Turbine lead time constant (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
wfspd
Switch for fuel source characteristic to recognize that fuel flow, for a given fuel valve stroke, can be proportional to engine speed (Wfspd). true = fuel flow proportional to speed (for some gas turbines and diesel engines with positive displacement fuel injectors) false = fuel control system keeps fuel flow independent of engine speed. Typical value = true.
teng
Transport time delay for diesel engine used in representing diesel engines where there is a small but measurable transport delay between a change in fuel flow setting and the development of torque (Teng) (>= 0). Teng should be zero in all but special cases where this transport delay is of particular concern. Typical value = 0.
tfload
Load-limiter time constant (Tfload) (> 0). Typical value = 3.
kpload
Load limiter proportional gain for PI controller (Kpload). Typical value = 2.
kiload
Load limiter integral gain for PI controller (Kiload). Typical value = 0,67.
ldref
Load limiter reference value (Ldref). Typical value = 1.
Speed sensitivity coefficient (Dm). Dm can represent either the variation of the engine power with the shaft speed or the variation of maximum power capability with shaft speed. If it is positive it describes the falling slope of the engine speed verses power characteristic as speed increases. A slightly falling characteristic is typical for reciprocating engines and some aero-derivative turbines. If it is negative the engine power is assumed to be unaffected by the shaft speed, but the maximum permissible fuel flow is taken to fall with falling shaft speed. This is characteristic of single-shaft industrial turbines due to exhaust temperature limits. Typical value = 0.
ropen
Maximum valve opening rate (Ropen). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0.10.
rclose
Minimum valve closing rate (Rclose). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -0,1.
kimw
Power controller (reset) gain (Kimw). The default value of 0,01 corresponds to a reset time of 100 s. A value of 0,001 corresponds to a relatively slow-acting load controller. Typical value = 0,01.
aset
Acceleration limiter setpoint (Aset). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,01.
Acceleration limiter gain (Ka). Typical value = 10.
Acceleration limiter time constant (Ta) (> 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Speed governor deadband in PU speed (db). In the majority of applications, it is recommended that this value be set to zero. Typical value = 0.
tsa
Temperature detection lead time constant (Tsa) (>= 0). Typical value = 4.
tsb
Temperature detection lag time constant (Tsb) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
rup
Maximum rate of load limit increase (Rup). Typical value = 99.
rdown
Maximum rate of load limit decrease (Rdown). Typical value = -99.
GovCT2
General governor with frequency-dependent fuel flow limit. This model is a modification of the GovCT1 model in order to represent the frequency-dependent fuel flow limit of a specific gas turbine manufacturer.
Permanent droop (R). Typical value = 0,05.
Electrical power transducer time constant (Tpelec) (>= 0). Typical value = 2,5.
Maximum value for speed error signal (Maxerr) (> GovCT2.minerr). Typical value = 1.
Minimum value for speed error signal (Minerr) (< GovCT2.maxerr). Typical value = -1.
Governor proportional gain (Kpgov). Typical value = 4.
Governor integral gain (Kigov). Typical value = 0,45.
Maximum valve position limit (Vmax) (> GovCT2.vmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum valve position limit (Vmin) (< GovCT2.vmax). Typical value = 0,175.
Actuator time constant (Tact) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,4.
Turbine gain (Kturb). Typical value = 1,9168.
No load fuel flow (Wfnl). Typical value = 0,187.
Turbine lag time constant (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Switch for fuel source characteristic to recognize that fuel flow, for a given fuel valve stroke, can be proportional to engine speed (Wfspd). true = fuel flow proportional to speed (for some gas turbines and diesel engines with positive displacement fuel injectors) false = fuel control system keeps fuel flow independent of engine speed. Typical value = false.
Load limiter time constant (Tfload) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Load limiter proportional gain for PI controller (Kpload). Typical value = 1.
Load limiter integral gain for PI controller (Kiload). Typical value = 1.
Maximum valve opening rate (Ropen). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 99.
Minimum valve closing rate (Rclose). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -99.
Power controller (reset) gain (Kimw). The default value of 0,01 corresponds to a reset time of 100 seconds. A value of 0,001 corresponds to a relatively slow-acting load controller. Typical value = 0.
Acceleration limiter setpoint (Aset). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 10.
Acceleration limiter time constant (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Temperature detection lead time constant (Tsa) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Temperature detection lag time constant (Tsb) (>= 0). Typical value = 50.
prate
Ramp rate for frequency-dependent power limit (Prate). Typical value = 0,017.
flim1
Frequency threshold 1 (Flim1). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 59.
plim1
Power limit 1 (Plim1). Typical value = 0,8325.
flim2
Frequency threshold 2 (Flim2). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim2
Power limit 2 (Plim2). Typical value = 0.
flim3
Frequency threshold 3 (Flim3). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim3
Power limit 3 (Plim3). Typical value = 0.
flim4
Frequency threshold 4 (Flim4). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim4
Power limit 4 (Plim4). Typical value = 0.
flim5
Frequency threshold 5 (Flim5). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim5
Power limit 5 (Plim5). Typical value = 0.
flim6
Frequency threshold 6 (Flim6). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim6
Power limit 6 (Plim6). Typical value = 0.
flim7
Frequency threshold 7 (Flim7). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim7
Power limit 7 (Plim7). Typical value = 0.
flim8
Frequency threshold 8 (Flim8). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim8
Power limit 8 (Plim8). Typical value = 0.
flim9
Frequency threshold 9 (Flim9). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim9
Power Limit 9 (Plim9). Typical value = 0.
flim10
Frequency threshold 10 (Flim10). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
plim10
Power limit 10 (Plim10). Typical value = 0.
GovGAST
Permanent droop (R) (>0). Typical value = 0,04.
Governor mechanism time constant (T1) (>= 0). T1 represents the natural valve positioning time constant of the governor for small disturbances, as seen when rate limiting is not in effect. Typical value = 0,5.
Turbine power time constant (T2) (>= 0). T2 represents delay due to internal energy storage of the gas turbine engine. T2 can be used to give a rough approximation to the delay associated with acceleration of the compressor spool of a multi-shaft engine, or with the compressibility of gas in the plenum of a free power turbine of an aero-derivative unit, for example. Typical value = 0,5.
Turbine exhaust temperature time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Ambient temperature load limit (Load Limit). Typical value = 1.
Temperature limiter gain (Kt). Typical value = 3.
Maximum turbine power, PU of MWbase (Vmax) (> GovGAST.vmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum turbine power, PU of MWbase (Vmin) (< GovGAST.vmax). Typical value = 0.
dturb
Turbine damping factor (Dturb). Typical value = 0,18.
GovGAST1
Turbine power time constant (T2) (>= 0). T2 represents delay due to internal energy storage of the gas turbine engine. T2 can be used to give a rough approximation to the delay associated with acceleration of the compressor spool of a multi-shaft engine, or with the compressibility of gas in the plenum of the free power turbine of an aero-derivative unit, for example. Typical value = 0,5.
Turbine exhaust temperature time constant (T3) (>= 0). T3 represents delay in the exhaust temperature and load limiting system. Typical value = 3.
lmax
Ambient temperature load limit (Lmax). Lmax is the turbine power output corresponding to the limiting exhaust gas temperature. Typical value = 1.
Maximum turbine power, PU of MWbase (Vmax) (> GovGAST1.vmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum turbine power, PU of MWbase (Vmin) (< GovGAST1.vmax). Typical value = 0.
fidle
Fuel flow at zero power output (Fidle). Typical value = 0,18.
rmax
Maximum fuel valve opening rate (Rmax). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 1.
loadinc
Valve position change allowed at fast rate (Loadinc). Typical value = 0,05.
tltr
Valve position averaging time constant (Tltr) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
ltrate
Maximum long term fuel valve opening rate (Ltrate). Typical value = 0,02.
Turbine power time constant numerator scale factor (a). Typical value = 0,8.
Turbine power time constant denominator scale factor (b) (>0). Typical value = 1.
db1
Intentional dead-band width (db1). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
eps
Intentional db hysteresis (eps). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
db2
Unintentional dead-band (db2). Unit = MW. Typical value = 0.
Nonlinear gain point 2,PU gv (Gv2). Typical value = 0.
Governor gain (Ka). Typical value = 0.
Governor lead time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Governor lag time constant (T5) (>= 0). If = 0, entire gain and lead-lag block is bypassed. Typical value = 0.
GovGAST2
Governor gain (1/droop) on turbine rating (W).
Governor lead time constant (X) (>= 0).
Governor lag time constant (Y) (> 0).
Governor mode (Z). 1 = droop 0 = isochronous.
etd
Turbine and exhaust delay (Etd) (>= 0).
tcd
Compressor discharge time constant (Tcd) (>= 0).
trate
Turbine rating (Trate). Unit = MW.
Fuel control time constant (T) (>= 0).
tmax
Maximum turbine limit (Tmax) (> GovGAST2.tmin).
tmin
Minimum turbine limit (Tmin) (< GovGAST2.tmax).
ecr
Combustion reaction time delay (Ecr) (>= 0).
Fuel system time constant (Tf) (>= 0).
Radiation shield time constant (T3) (>= 0).
Thermocouple time constant (T4) (>= 0).
Temperature controller integration rate (Tt) (>= 0).
Temperature control time constant (T5) (>= 0).
af1
Exhaust temperature parameter (Af1). Unit = PU temperature. Based on temperature in degrees C.
bf1
(Bf1). Bf1 = E(1 - W) where E (speed sensitivity coefficient) is 0,55 to 0,65 x Tr. Unit = PU temperature. Based on temperature in degrees C.
af2
Coefficient equal to 0,5(1-speed) (Af2).
bf2
Turbine torque coefficient Khhv (depends on heating value of fuel stream in combustion chamber) (Bf2).
cf2
Coefficient defining fuel flow where power output is 0% (Cf2). Synchronous but no output. Typically 0,23 x Khhv (23% fuel flow).
Rated temperature (Tr). Unit = °C depending on parameters Af1 and Bf1.
Temperature control (Tc). Unit = °F or °C depending on parameters Af1 and Bf1.
GovGAST3
Generic turbogas with acceleration and temperature controller.
Droop (bp). Typical value = 0,05.
Time constant of speed governor (Tg) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
rcmx
Maximum fuel flow (RCMX). Typical value = 1.
rcmn
Minimum fuel flow (RCMN). Typical value = -0,1.
Coefficient of transfer function of fuel valve positioner (Ky). Typical value = 1.
Time constant of fuel valve positioner (Ty) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
tac
Fuel control time constant (Tac) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
kac
Fuel system feedback (KAC). Typical value = 0.
Compressor discharge volume time constant (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
bca
Acceleration limit set-point (Bca). Unit = 1/s. Typical value = 0,01.
kca
Acceleration control integral gain (Kca). Unit = 1/s. Typical value = 100.
dtc
Exhaust temperature variation due to fuel flow increasing from 0 to 1 PU (deltaTc). Typical value = 390.
Minimum fuel flow (Ka). Typical value = 0,23.
tsi
Time constant of radiation shield (Tsi) (>= 0). Typical value = 15.
ksi
Gain of radiation shield (Ksi). Typical value = 0,8.
ttc
Time constant of thermocouple (Ttc) (>= 0). Typical value = 2,5.
tfen
Turbine rated exhaust temperature correspondent to Pm=1 PU (Tfen). Typical value = 540.
Temperature controller derivative gain (Td) (>= 0). Typical value = 3,3.
Temperature controller integration rate (Tt). Typical value = 250.
mxef
Fuel flow maximum positive error value (MXef). Typical value = 0,05.
mnef
Fuel flow maximum negative error value (MNef). Typical value = -0,05.
GovGAST4
Time constant of fuel valve positioner (Ty) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Maximum gate opening velocity (TA) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Maximum gate closing velocity (TC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
tcm
Fuel control time constant (Tcm) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
ktm
Compressor gain (Ktm). Typical value = 0.
Compressor discharge volume time constant (Tm) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
rymx
Maximum valve opening (RYMX). Typical value = 1,1.
rymn
Minimum valve opening (RYMN). Typical value = 0.
GovGASTWD
Woodward™ gas turbine governor. [Footnote: Woodward gas turbines are an example of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these products.]
kdroop
Maximum Turbine limit (Tmax) (> GovGASTWD.tmin).
Minimum turbine limit (Tmin) (< GovGASTWD.tmax).
Exhaust temperature parameter (Af1).
(Bf1). Bf1 = E(1-w) where E (speed sensitivity coefficient) is 0,55 to 0,65 x Tr.
Coefficient defining fuel flow where power output is 0 % (Cf2). Synchronous but no output. Typically 0,23 x Khhv (23 % fuel flow).
Power transducer time constant (Td) (>= 0).
GovHydro1
Permanent droop (R) (> 0). Typical value = 0,04.
Temporary droop (r) (> GovHydro1.rperm). Typical value = 0,3.
Washout time constant (Tr) (> 0). Typical value = 5.
Filter time constant (Tf) (> 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Gate servo time constant (Tg) (> 0). Typical value = 0,5.
velm
Maximum gate velocity (Vlem) (> 0). Typical value = 0,2.
gmax
Maximum gate opening (Gmax) (> 0 and > GovHydro.gmin). Typical value = 1.
gmin
Minimum gate opening (Gmin) (>= 0 and < GovHydro1.gmax). Typical value = 0.
Water inertia time constant (Tw) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Turbine gain (At) (> 0). Typical value = 1,2.
Turbine damping factor (Dturb) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
qnl
No-load flow at nominal head (qnl) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
hdam
Turbine nominal head (hdam). Typical value = 1.
GovHydro2
IEEE hydro turbine governor with straightforward penstock configuration and hydraulic-dashpot governor.
Maximum gate closing velocity (Uc) (< 0). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -0,1.
Maximum gate opening (Pmax) (> GovHydro2.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening (Pmin) (< GovHydro2.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Intentional deadband width (db1). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0.
Unintentional deadband (db2). Unit = MW. Typical value = 0.
GovHydro3
Modified IEEE hydro governor-turbine. This model differs from that defined in the IEEE modelling guideline paper in that the limits on gate position and velocity do not permit "wind up" of the upstream signals.
Maximum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmax) (> GovHydro3.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmin) (< GovHydro3.pmax). Typical value = 0.
governorControl
Governor control flag (Cflag). true = PID control is active false = double derivative control is active. Typical value = true.
rgate
Steady-state droop, PU, for governor output feedback (Rgate). Typical value = 0.
relec
Steady-state droop, PU, for electrical power feedback (Relec). Typical value = 0,05.
Input filter time constant (Td) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Washout time constant (Tf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Gate servo time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
velop
Maximum gate opening velocity (Velop). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,2.
velcl
Maximum gate closing velocity (Velcl). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -0,2.
Derivative gain (K1). Typical value = 0,01.
Double derivative gain, if Cflag = -1 (K2). Typical value = 2,5.
Integral gain (Ki). Typical value = 0,5.
Gate servo gain (Kg). Typical value = 2.
Power feedback time constant (Tt) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Water inertia time constant (Tw) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 1.
Turbine gain (At) (>0). Typical value = 1,2.
Turbine damping factor (Dturb). Typical value = 0,2.
No-load turbine flow at nominal head (Qnl). Typical value = 0,08.
Turbine nominal head (H0). Typical value = 1.
GovHydro4
Hydro turbine and governor. Represents plants with straight-forward penstock configurations and hydraulic governors of the traditional 'dashpot' type. This model can be used to represent simple, Francis/Pelton or Kaplan turbines.
Pilot servo time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Max gate opening velocity (Uo). Typical value = 0,2.
Max gate closing velocity (Uc). Typical value = 0,2.
Maximum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Gmax) (> GovHydro4.gmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Gmin) (< GovHydro4.gmax). Typical value = 0.
Permanent droop (Rperm) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Temporary droop (Rtemp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Dashpot time constant (Tr) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
Turbine gain (At). Typical value = 1,2.
Turbine damping factor (Dturb). Unit = delta P (PU of MWbase) / delta speed (PU). Typical value for simple = 0,5, Francis/Pelton = 1,1, Kaplan = 1,1.
Head available at dam (hdam). Typical value = 1.
No-load flow at nominal head (Qnl). Typical value for simple = 0,08, Francis/Pelton = 0, Kaplan = 0.
gv0
Nonlinear gain point 0, PU gv (Gv0) (= 0 for simple). Typical for Francis/Pelton = 0,1, Kaplan = 0,1.
pgv0
Nonlinear gain point 0, PU power (Pgv0) (= 0 for simple). Typical value = 0.
Nonlinear gain point 1, PU gv (Gv1) (= 0 for simple, > GovHydro4.gv0 for Francis/Pelton and Kaplan). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,4, Kaplan = 0,4.
Nonlinear gain point 1, PU power (Pgv1) (= 0 for simple). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,42, Kaplan = 0,35.
Nonlinear gain point 2, PU gv (Gv2) (= 0 for simple, > GovHydro4.gv1 for Francis/Pelton and Kaplan). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,5, Kaplan = 0,5.
Nonlinear gain point 2, PU power (Pgv2) (= 0 for simple). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,56, Kaplan = 0,468.
Nonlinear gain point 3, PU gv (Gv3) (= 0 for simple, > GovHydro4.gv2 for Francis/Pelton and Kaplan). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,7, Kaplan = 0,7.
Nonlinear gain point 3, PU power (Pgv3) (= 0 for simple). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,8, Kaplan = 0,796.
Nonlinear gain point 4, PU gv (Gv4) (= 0 for simple, > GovHydro4.gv3 for Francis/Pelton and Kaplan). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,8, Kaplan = 0,8.
Nonlinear gain point 4, PU power (Pgv4) (= 0 for simple). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,9, Kaplan = 0,917.
Nonlinear gain point 5, PU gv (Gv5) (= 0 for simple, < 1 and > GovHydro4.gv4 for Francis/Pelton and Kaplan). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,9, Kaplan = 0,9.
Nonlinear gain point 5, PU power (Pgv5) (= 0 for simple). Typical value for Francis/Pelton = 0,97, Kaplan = 0,99.
bgv0
Kaplan blade servo point 0 (Bgv0) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 0.
bgv1
Kaplan blade servo point 1 (Bgv1) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 0.
bgv2
Kaplan blade servo point 2 (Bgv2) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 0,1.
bgv3
Kaplan blade servo point 3 (Bgv3) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 0,667.
bgv4
Kaplan blade servo point 4 (Bgv4) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 0,9.
bgv5
Kaplan blade servo point 5 (Bgv5) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 1.
bmax
Maximum blade adjustment factor (Bmax) (= 0 for simple, = 0 for Francis/Pelton). Typical value for Kaplan = 1,1276.
tblade
Blade servo time constant (Tblade) (>= 0). Typical value = 100.
model
The kind of model being represented (simple, Francis/Pelton or Kaplan).
GovHydroDD
Double derivative hydro governor and turbine.
Base for power values (MWbase) (>0). Unit = MW.
Maximum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmax) (> GovHydroDD.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmin) (> GovHydroDD.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Steady state droop (R). Typical value = 0,05.
Input filter time constant (Td) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Gate servo time constant (Tp) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,35.
Maximum gate opening velocity (Velop). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,09.
Maximum gate closing velocity (Velcl). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -0,14.
Single derivative gain (K1). Typical value = 3,6.
Double derivative gain (K2). Typical value = 0,2.
Integral gain (Ki). Typical value = 1.
Gate servo gain (Kg). Typical value = 3.
tturb
Turbine time constant (Tturb) (>= 0). See parameter detail 3. Typical value = 0,8.
Turbine numerator multiplier (Aturb) (see parameter detail 3). Typical value = -1.
Turbine denominator multiplier (Bturb) (see parameter detail 3). Typical value = 0,5.
Power feedback time constant (Tt) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,02.
Maximum gate opening (Gmax) (> GovHydroDD.gmin). Typical value = 0.
Minimum gate opening (Gmin) (< GovHydroDD.gmax). Typical value = 0.
inputSignal
Input signal switch (Flag). true = Pe input is used false = feedback is received from CV. Flag is normally dependent on Tt. If Tt is zero, Flag is set to false. If Tt is not zero, Flag is set to true. Typical value = true.
GovHydroFrancis
Detailed hydro unit - Francis model. This model can be used to represent three types of governors. A schematic of the hydraulic system of detailed hydro unit models, such as Francis and Pelton, is provided in the DetailedHydroModelHydraulicSystem diagram.
Opening section SEFF at the maximum efficiency (Am). Typical value = 0,7.
av0
Area of the surge tank (AV0). Unit = m2. Typical value = 30.
av1
Area of the compensation tank (AV1). Unit = m2. Typical value = 700.
Droop (Bp). Typical value = 0,05.
etamax
Maximum efficiency (EtaMax). Typical value = 1,05.
Governor control flag (Cflag). Typical value = mechanicHydrolicTachoAccelerator.
Head of compensation chamber water level with respect to the level of penstock (H1). Unit = km. Typical value = 0,004.
Head of surge tank water level with respect to the level of penstock (H2). Unit = km. Typical value = 0,040.
Rated hydraulic head (Hn). Unit = km. Typical value = 0,250.
Penstock loss coefficient (due to friction) (Kc). Typical value = 0,025.
Water tunnel and surge chamber loss coefficient (due to friction) (Kg). Typical value = 0,025.
Washout gain (Kt). Typical value = 0,25.
qc0
No-load turbine flow at nominal head (Qc0). Typical value = 0,1.
Rated flow (Qn). Unit = m3/s. Typical value = 250.
Derivative gain (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Washout time constant (Td) (>= 0). Typical value = 6.
Gate servo time constant (Ts) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
twnc
Water inertia time constant (Twnc) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
twng
Water tunnel and surge chamber inertia time constant (Twng) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Derivative feedback gain (Tx) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Maximum gate opening velocity (Va). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,06.
valvmax
Maximum gate opening (ValvMax) (> GovHydroFrancis.valvmin). Typical value = 1,1.
valvmin
Minimum gate opening (ValvMin) (< GovHydroFrancis.valvmax). Typical value = 0.
Maximum gate closing velocity (Vc). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -0,06.
waterTunnelSurgeChamberSimulation
Water tunnel and surge chamber simulation (Tflag). true = enable of water tunnel and surge chamber simulation false = inhibit of water tunnel and surge chamber simulation. Typical value = false.
zsfc
Head of upper water level with respect to the level of penstock (Zsfc). Unit = km. Typical value = 0,025.
GovHydroPelton
Detailed hydro unit - Pelton model. This model can be used to represent the dynamic related to water tunnel and surge chamber. The DetailedHydroModelHydraulicSystem diagram, located under the GovHydroFrancis class, provides a schematic of the hydraulic system of detailed hydro unit models, such as Francis and Pelton.
Intentional dead-band width of valve opening error (DB2). Unit = Hz. Typical value = 0,01.
No-load turbine flow at nominal head (Qc0). Typical value = 0,05.
simplifiedPelton
Simplified Pelton model simulation (Sflag). true = enable of simplified Pelton model simulation false = enable of complete Pelton model simulation (non-linear gain). Typical value = true.
staticCompensating
Static compensating characteristic (Cflag). It should be true if simplifiedPelton = false. true = enable of static compensating characteristic false = inhibit of static compensating characteristic. Typical value = false.
Derivative gain (accelerometer time constant) (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Gate servo time constant (Ts) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,15.
Servomotor integrator time constant (Tv) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Electronic integrator time constant (Tx) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Maximum gate opening (ValvMax) (> GovHydroPelton.valvmin). Typical value = 1,1.
Minimum gate opening (ValvMin) (< GovHydroPelton.valvmax). Typical value = 0.
vav
Maximum servomotor valve opening velocity (Vav). Typical value = 0,1.
vcv
Maximum servomotor valve closing velocity (Vcv). Typical value = -0,1.
GovHydroPID
Maximum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmax) (> GovHydroPID.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmin) (< GovHydroPID.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Derivative gain (Kd). Typical value = 1,11.
Proportional gain (Kp). Typical value = 0,1.
Integral gain (Ki). Typical value = 0,36.
Gate servo gain (Kg). Typical value = 2,5.
Turbine numerator multiplier (Aturb) (see parameter detail 3). Typical value -1.
GovHydroPID2
Hydro turbine and governor. Represents plants with straightforward penstock configurations and "three term" electro-hydraulic governors (i.e. WoodwardTM electronic). [Footnote: Woodward electronic governors are an example of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these products.]
treg
Speed detector time constant (Treg) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Permanent drop (Rperm). Typical value = 0.
Proportional gain (Kp). Typical value = 0.
Reset gain (Ki). Unit = PU/s. Typical value = 0.
Derivative gain (Kd). Typical value = 0.
Controller time constant (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Gate servo time constant (Tb) (> 0).
velmax
Maximum gate opening velocity (Velmax) (< GovHydroPID2.velmin). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0.
velmin
Maximum gate closing velocity (Velmin) (> GovHydroPID2.velmax). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0.
Maximum gate opening (Gmax) (> GovHydroPID2.gmin). Typical value = 0.
Minimum gate opening (Gmin) (> GovHydroPID2.gmax). Typical value = 0.
Water inertia time constant (Tw) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Turbine damping factor (D). Unit = delta P / delta speed. Typical value = 0.
Gate opening at speed no load (G0). Typical value = 0.
Intermediate gate opening (G1). Typical value = 0.
Power at gate opening G1 (P1). Typical value = 0.
Intermediate gate opening (G2). Typical value = 0.
Power at gate opening G2 (P2). Typical value = 0.
Power at full opened gate (P3). Typical value = 0.
atw
Factor multiplying Tw (Atw). Typical value = 0.
feedbackSignal
Feedback signal type flag (Flag). true = use gate position feedback signal false = use Pe.
GovHydroR
Fourth order lead-lag governor and hydro turbine.
Maximum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmax) (> GovHydroR.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum gate opening, PU of MWbase (Pmin) (< GovHydroR.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Steady-state droop (R). Typical value = 0,05.
Lead time constant 1 (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,5.
Lag time constant 1 (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Lead time constant 2 (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,5.
Lag time constant 2 (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Lead time constant 3 (T5) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lag time constant 3 (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Lead time constant 4 (T7) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lag time constant 4 (T8) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Maximum governor output (Gmax) (> GovHydroR.gmin). Typical value = 1,05.
Minimum governor output (Gmin) (< GovHydroR.gmax). Typical value = -0,05.
Power feedback time constant (Tt) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
GovHydroWEH
WoodwardTM electric hydro governor. [Footnote: Woodward electric hydro governors are an example of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these products.]
rpg
Permanent droop for governor output feedback (R-Perm-Gate).
rpp
Permanent droop for electrical power feedback (R-Perm-Pe).
tpe
Electrical power droop time constant (Tpe) (>= 0).
Derivative controller Integral gain (Ki).
Derivative controller derivative gain (Kd).
Derivative controller time constant (Td) (>= 0). Limits the derivative characteristic beyond a breakdown frequency to avoid amplification of high-frequency noise.
Pilot valve time lag time constant (Tp) (>= 0).
tdv
Distributive valve time lag time constant (Tdv) (>= 0).
Value to allow the distribution valve controller to advance beyond the gate movement rate limit (Tg) (>= 0).
gtmxop
Maximum gate opening rate (Gtmxop).
gtmxcl
Maximum gate closing rate (Gtmxcl).
Maximum gate position (Gmax) (> GovHydroWEH.gmin).
Minimum gate position (Gmin) (< GovHydroWEH.gmax).
Turbine damping factor (Dturb). Unit = delta P (PU of MWbase) / delta speed (PU).
Water inertia time constant (Tw) (> 0).
dpv
Value to allow the pilot valve controller to advance beyond the gate limits (Dpv).
dicn
Value to allow the integral controller to advance beyond the gate limits (Dicn).
Feedback signal selection (Sw). true = PID output (if R-Perm-Gate = droop and R-Perm-Pe = 0) false = electrical power (if R-Perm-Gate = 0 and R-Perm-Pe = droop) or false = gate position (if R-Perm-Gate = droop and R-Perm-Pe = 0). Typical value = false.
Gate 1 (Gv1). Gate Position value for point 1 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
Gate 2 (Gv2). Gate Position value for point 2 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
Gate 3 (Gv3). Gate Position value for point 3 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
Gate 4 (Gv4). Gate Position value for point 4 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
Gate 5 (Gv5). Gate Position value for point 5 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
fl1
Flowgate 1 (Fl1). Flow value for gate position point 1 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
fl2
Flowgate 2 (Fl2). Flow value for gate position point 2 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
fl3
Flowgate 3 (Fl3). Flow value for gate position point 3 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
fl4
Flowgate 4 (Fl4). Flow value for gate position point 4 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
fl5
Flowgate 5 (Fl5). Flow value for gate position point 5 for lookup table representing water flow through the turbine as a function of gate position to produce steady state flow.
fp1
Flow P1 (Fp1). Turbine flow value for point 1 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp2
Flow P2 (Fp2). Turbine flow value for point 2 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp3
Flow P3 (Fp3). Turbine flow value for point 3 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp4
Flow P4 (Fp4). Turbine flow value for point 4 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp5
Flow P5 (Fp5). Turbine flow value for point 5 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp6
Flow P6 (Fp6). Turbine flow value for point 6 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp7
Flow P7 (Fp7). Turbine flow value for point 7 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp8
Flow P8 (Fp8). Turbine flow value for point 8 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp9
Flow P9 (Fp9). Turbine flow value for point 9 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
fp10
Flow P10 (Fp10). Turbine flow value for point 10 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss1
Pmss flow P1 (Pmss1). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 1 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss2
Pmss flow P2 (Pmss2). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 2 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss3
Pmss flow P3 (Pmss3). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 3 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss4
Pmss flow P4 (Pmss4). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 4 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss5
Pmss flow P5 (Pmss5). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 5 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss6
Pmss flow P6 (Pmss6). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 6 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss7
Pmss flow P7 (Pmss7). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 7 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss8
Pmss flow P8 (Pmss8). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 8 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss9
Pmss flow P9 (Pmss9). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 9 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
pmss10
Pmss flow P10 (Pmss10). Mechanical power output for turbine flow point 10 for lookup table representing PU mechanical power on machine MVA rating as a function of turbine flow.
GovHydroWPID
WoodwardTM PID hydro governor. [Footnote: Woodward PID hydro governors are an example of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these products.]
Speed detector time constant (Treg) (>= 0).
reg
Reset gain (Ki). Typical value = 0,36.
Gate servo time constant (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Maximum gate opening velocity (Velmax) (> GovHydroWPID.velmin). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0.
Maximum gate closing velocity (Velmin) (< GovHydroWPID.velmax). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0.
gatmax
Gate opening limit maximum (Gatmax) (> GovHydroWPID.gatmin).
gatmin
Gate opening limit minimum (Gatmin) (< GovHydroWPID.gatmax).
Maximum power output (Pmax) (> GovHydroWPID.pmin).
Minimum power output (Pmin) (< GovHydroWPID.pmax).
Turbine damping factor (D). Unit = delta P / delta speed.
Output at Gv1 PU of MWbase (Pgv1).
Output at Gv2 PU of MWbase (Pgv2).
Output at Gv3 PU of MWbase (Pgv3).
GovSteam0
Steam bowl time constant (T1) (> 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Maximum valve position, PU of mwcap (Vmax) (> GovSteam0.vmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum valve position, PU of mwcap (Vmin) (< GovSteam0.vmax). Typical value = 0.
Numerator time constant of T2/T3 block (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Reheater time constant (T3) (> 0). Typical value = 10.
Turbine damping coefficient (Dt). Unit = delta P / delta speed. Typical value = 0.
GovSteam1
Steam turbine governor, based on the GovSteamIEEE1 (with optional deadband and nonlinear valve gain added).
Maximum valve opening (Pmax) (> GovSteam1.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum valve opening (Pmin) (>= 0 and < GovSteam1.pmax). Typical value = 0.
sdb1
Intentional deadband indicator. true = intentional deadband is applied false = intentional deadband is not applied. Typical value = true.
sdb2
Unintentional deadband location. true = intentional deadband is applied before point "A" false = intentional deadband is applied after point "A". Typical value = true.
valve
Nonlinear valve characteristic. true = nonlinear valve characteristic is used false = nonlinear valve characteristic is not used. Typical value = true.
Nonlinear gain valve position point 1 (GV1). Typical value = 0.
Nonlinear gain power value point 1 (Pgv1). Typical value = 0.
Nonlinear gain valve position point 2 (GV2). Typical value = 0,4.
Nonlinear gain power value point 2 (Pgv2). Typical value = 0,75.
Nonlinear gain valve position point 3 (GV3). Typical value = 0,5.
Nonlinear gain power value point 3 (Pgv3). Typical value = 0,91.
Nonlinear gain valve position point 4 (GV4). Typical value = 0,6.
Nonlinear gain power value point 4 (Pgv4). Typical value = 0,98.
Nonlinear gain valve position point 5 (GV5). Typical value = 1.
Nonlinear gain power value point 5 (Pgv5). Typical value = 1.
Nonlinear gain valve position point 6 (GV6). Typical value = 0.
Nonlinear gain power value point 6 (Pgv6). Typical value = 0.
GovSteam2
Governor gain (reciprocal of droop) (K). Typical value = 20.
dbf
Frequency deadband (DBF). Typical value = 0.
Governor lag time constant (T1) (> 0). Typical value = 0,45.
Maximum fuel flow (PMAX) (> GovSteam2.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum fuel flow (PMIN) (< GovSteam2.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Fuel flow maximum positive error value (MXEF). Typical value = 1.
Fuel flow maximum negative error value (MNEF). Typical value = -1.
GovSteamBB
fcut
Frequency deadband (fcut) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,002.
Gain (Ks). Typical value = 21,0.
kls
Gain (Kls) (> 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Time constant (T1). Typical value = 0,05.
Time constant (Tn) (> 0). Typical value = 1,0.
Time constant (Td) (> 0). Typical value = 1,0.
High power limit (Pmax) (> GovSteamBB.pmin). Typical value = 1,0.
Low power limit (Pmin) (< GovSteamBB.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Time constant (T4). Typical value = 0,15.
Gain (K2). Typical value = 0,75.
Time constant (T5). Typical value = 12,0.
Time constant (T6). Typical value = 0,75.
peflag
Electric power input selection (Peflag). true = electric power input false = feedback signal. Typical value = false.
GovSteamCC
Cross compound turbine governor. Unlike tandem compound units, cross compound units are not on the same shaft.
pmaxhp
Maximum HP value position (Pmaxhp). Typical value = 1.
rhp
HP governor droop (Rhp) (> 0). Typical value = 0,05.
t1hp
HP governor time constant (T1hp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t3hp
HP turbine time constant (T3hp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t4hp
HP turbine time constant (T4hp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t5hp
HP reheater time constant (T5hp) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
fhp
Fraction of HP power ahead of reheater (Fhp). Typical value = 0,3.
dhp
HP damping factor (Dhp). Typical value = 0.
pmaxlp
Maximum LP value position (Pmaxlp). Typical value = 1.
rlp
LP governor droop (Rlp) (> 0). Typical value = 0,05.
t1lp
LP governor time constant (T1lp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t3lp
LP turbine time constant (T3lp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t4lp
LP turbine time constant (T4lp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t5lp
LP reheater time constant (T5lp) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
flp
Fraction of LP power ahead of reheater (Flp). Typical value = 0,7.
dlp
LP damping factor (Dlp). Typical value = 0.
GovSteamEU
Simplified boiler and steam turbine with PID governor.
Power transducer time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,07.
Gain of the power controller (Ke). Typical value = 0,65.
tip
Integral time constant of the power controller (Tip) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
tdp
Derivative time constant of the power controller (Tdp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tfp
Time constant of the power controller (Tfp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Frequency transducer time constant (Tf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
kfcor
Gain of the frequency corrector (Kfcor). Typical value = 20.
Deadband of the frequency corrector (db1). Typical value = 0.
wfmax
Upper limit for frequency correction (Wfmax) (> GovSteamEU.wfmin). Typical value = 0,05.
wfmin
Lower limit for frequency correction (Wfmin) (< GovSteamEU.wfmax). Typical value = -0,05.
Maximal active power of the turbine (Pmax). Typical value = 1.
ten
Electro hydraulic transducer (Ten) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Speed transducer time constant (Tw) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
komegacor
Gain of the speed governor (Kwcor). Typical value = 20.
Deadband of the speed governor (db2). Typical value = 0,0004.
wwmax
Upper limit for the speed governor (Wwmax) (> GovSteamEU.wwmin). Typical value = 0,1.
wwmin
Lower limit for the speed governor frequency correction (Wwmin) (< GovSteamEU.wwmax). Typical value = -1.
wmax1
Emergency speed control lower limit (wmax1). Typical value = 1,025.
wmax2
Emergency speed control upper limit (wmax2). Typical value = 1,05.
tvhp
Control valves servo time constant (Tvhp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
cho
Control valves rate opening limit (Cho). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,17.
chc
Control valves rate closing limit (Chc). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -3,3.
hhpmax
Maximum control valve position (Hhpmax). Typical value = 1.
tvip
Intercept valves servo time constant (Tvip) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,15.
cio
Intercept valves rate opening limit (Cio). Typical value = 0,123.
cic
Intercept valves rate closing limit (Cic). Typical value = -2,2.
simx
Intercept valves transfer limit (Simx). Typical value = 0,425.
thp
High pressure (HP) time constant of the turbine (Thp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,31.
trh
Reheater time constant of the turbine (Trh) (>= 0). Typical value = 8.
tlp
Low pressure (LP) time constant of the turbine (Tlp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,45.
prhmax
Maximum low pressure limit (Prhmax). Typical value = 1,4.
khp
Fraction of total turbine output generated by HP part (Khp). Typical value = 0,277.
klp
Fraction of total turbine output generated by HP part (Klp). Typical value = 0,723.
Boiler time constant (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 100.
GovSteamFV2
Steam turbine governor with reheat time constants and modelling of the effects of fast valve closing to reduce mechanical power.
Alternate base used instead of machine base in equipment model if necessary (MWbase) (> 0). Unit = MW.
Governor time constant (T1) (>= 0).
Fraction of the turbine power developed by turbine sections not involved in fast valving (K).
Reheater time constant (T3) (>= 0).
Time constant with which power falls off after intercept valve closure (Tt) (>= 0).
Time after initial time for valve to close (Ta) (>= 0).
Time after initial time for valve to begin opening (Tb) (>= 0).
Time after initial time for valve to become fully open (Tc) (>= 0).
GovSteamFV3
Simplified GovSteamIEEE1 steam turbine governor with Prmax limit and fast valving.
Governor gain, (reciprocal of droop) (K). Typical value = 20.
Governor lead time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Governor lag time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Valve positioner time constant (T3) (> 0). Typical value = 0.
Maximum valve opening velocity (Uo). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 0,1.
Maximum valve closing velocity (Uc). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = -1.
Maximum valve opening, PU of MWbase (Pmax) (> GovSteamFV3.pmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum valve opening, PU of MWbase (Pmin) (< GovSteamFV3.pmax). Typical value = 0.
Inlet piping/steam bowl time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Fraction of turbine power developed after first boiler pass (K1). Typical value = 0,2.
Time constant of second boiler pass (i.e. reheater) (T5) (> 0 if fast valving is used, otherwise >= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Fraction of turbine power developed after second boiler pass (K2). Typical value = 0,2.
Time constant of crossover or third boiler pass (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Fraction of hp turbine power developed after crossover or third boiler pass (K3). Typical value = 0,6.
Time to close intercept valve (IV) (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,97.
Time until IV starts to reopen (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,98.
Time until IV is fully open (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,99.
prmax
Max. pressure in reheater (Prmax). Typical value = 1.
GovSteamFV4
Detailed electro-hydraulic governor for steam unit.
kf1
Frequency bias (reciprocal of droop) (Kf1). Typical value = 20.
kf3
Frequency control (reciprocal of droop) (Kf3). Typical value = 20.
lps
Maximum positive power error (Lps). Typical value = 0,03.
lpi
Maximum negative power error (Lpi). Typical value = -0,15.
Upper limit for frequency correction (MXEF). Typical value = 0,05.
Lower limit for frequency correction (MNEF). Typical value = -0,05.
crmx
Maximum value of regulator set-point (Crmx). Typical value = 1,2.
crmn
Minimum value of regulator set-point (Crmn). Typical value = 0.
kpt
Proportional gain of electro-hydraulic regulator (Kpt). Typical value = 0,3.
kit
Integral gain of electro-hydraulic regulator (Kit). Typical value = 0,04.
rvgmx
Maximum value of integral regulator (Rvgmx). Typical value = 1,2.
rvgmn
Minimum value of integral regulator (Rvgmn). Typical value = 0.
svmx
Maximum regulator gate opening velocity (Svmx). Typical value = 0,0333.
svmn
Maximum regulator gate closing velocity (Svmn). Typical value = -0,0333.
srmx
Maximum valve opening (Srmx). Typical value = 1,1.
srmn
Minimum valve opening (Srmn). Typical value = 0.
kpp
Proportional gain of pressure feedback regulator (Kpp). Typical value = 1.
kip
Integral gain of pressure feedback regulator (Kip). Typical value = 0,5.
rsmimx
Maximum value of integral regulator (Rsmimx). Typical value = 1,1.
rsmimn
Minimum value of integral regulator (Rsmimn). Typical value = 0.
kmp1
First gain coefficient of intercept valves characteristic (Kmp1). Typical value = 0,5.
kmp2
Second gain coefficient of intercept valves characteristic (Kmp2). Typical value = 3,5.
srsmp
Intercept valves characteristic discontinuity point (Srsmp). Typical value = 0,43.
Control valves rate opening time (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,8.
Control valves rate closing time (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Control valves servo time constant (Ty) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
yhpmx
Maximum control valve position (Yhpmx). Typical value = 1,1.
yhpmn
Minimum control valve position (Yhpmn). Typical value = 0.
tam
Intercept valves rate opening time (Tam) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,8.
Intercept valves rate closing time (Tcm) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
ympmx
Maximum intercept valve position (Ympmx). Typical value = 1,1.
ympmn
Minimum intercept valve position (Ympmn). Typical value = 0.
Coefficient of linearized equations of turbine (Stodola formulation) (Y). Typical value = 0,13.
High pressure (HP) time constant of the turbine (Thp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,15.
Reheater time constant of the turbine (Trh) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
tmp
Low pressure (LP) time constant of the turbine (Tmp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,4.
Fraction of total turbine output generated by HP part (Khp). Typical value = 0,35.
pr1
First value of pressure set point static characteristic (Pr1). Typical value = 0,2.
pr2
Second value of pressure set point static characteristic, corresponding to Ps0 = 1,0 PU (Pr2). Typical value = 0,75.
psmn
Minimum value of pressure set point static characteristic (Psmn). Typical value = 1.
kpc
Proportional gain of pressure regulator (Kpc). Typical value = 0,5.
kic
Integral gain of pressure regulator (Kic). Typical value = 0,0033.
kdc
Derivative gain of pressure regulator (Kdc). Typical value = 1.
tdc
Derivative time constant of pressure regulator (Tdc) (>= 0). Typical value = 90.
cpsmx
Maximum value of pressure regulator output (Cpsmx). Typical value = 1.
cpsmn
Minimum value of pressure regulator output (Cpsmn). Typical value = -1.
krc
Maximum variation of fuel flow (Krc). Typical value = 0,05.
tf1
Time constant of fuel regulation (Tf1) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
tf2
Time constant of steam chest (Tf2) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Boiler time constant (Tv) (>= 0). Typical value = 60.
ksh
Pressure loss due to flow friction in the boiler tubes (Ksh). Typical value = 0,08.
GovSteamSGO
Controller lead compensation (T2) (>= 0).
Delay due to steam inlet volumes associated with steam chest and inlet piping (T4) (>= 0).
Reheater delay including hot and cold leads (T5) (>= 0).
Delay due to IP-LP turbine, crossover pipes and LP end hoods (T6) (>= 0).
Upper power limit (Pmax) (> GovSteamSGO.pmin).
Lower power limit (Pmin) (>= 0 and < GovSteamSGO.pmax).
A turbine load controller acts to maintain turbine power at a set value by continuous adjustment of the turbine governor speed-load reference.
Turbine load controller function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
TurbLCFB1
Turbine load controller model developed by WECC. This model represents a supervisory turbine load controller that acts to maintain turbine power at a set value by continuous adjustment of the turbine governor speed-load reference. This model is intended to represent slow reset 'outer loop' controllers managing the action of the turbine governor.
speedReferenceGovernor
Type of turbine governor reference (Type). true = speed reference governor false = load reference governor. Typical value = true.
Controller deadband (db). Typical value = 0.
emax
Maximum control error (Emax) (see parameter detail 4). Typical value = 0,02.
Frequency bias gain (Fb). Typical value = 0.
Integral gain (Ki). Typical value = 0.
fbf
Frequency bias flag (Fbf). true = enable frequency bias false = disable frequency bias. Typical value = false.
pbf
Power controller flag (Pbf). true = enable load controller false = disable load controller. Typical value = false.
Power transducer time constant (Tpelec) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
irmax
Maximum turbine speed/load reference bias (Irmax) (see parameter detail 3). Typical value = 0.
pmwset
Power controller setpoint (Pmwset) (see parameter detail 1). Unit = MW. Typical value = 0.
A mechanical load represents the variation in a motor's shaft torque or power as a function of shaft speed.
Mechanical load function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
MechLoad1
Speed to the exponent coefficient (d).
The excitation system model provides the field voltage (Efd) for a synchronous machine model. It is linked to a specific generator (synchronous machine). The representation of all limits used by the models (not including IEEE standard models) shall comply with the representation defined in the Annex E of the IEEE 421.5-2005, unless specified differently in the documentation of the model. The parameters are different for each excitation system model; the same parameter name can have different meaning in different models.
Excitation system function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
Excitation system model with which this voltage compensator is associated.
Voltage compensator model associated with this excitation system model.
Excitation system model with which this overexcitation limiter model is associated.
OverexcitationLimiterDynamics
Overexcitation limiter model associated with this excitation system model.
Excitation system model with which this power factor or VAr controller type 2 is associated.
PFVArControllerType2Dynamics
Power factor or VAr controller type 2 model associated with this excitation system model.
Excitation system model with which this discontinuous excitation control model is associated.
Discontinuous excitation control model associated with this excitation system model.
Excitation system model with which this power system stabilizer model is associated.
Power system stabilizer model associated with this excitation system model.
Excitation system model with which this underexcitation limiter model is associated.
Undrexcitation limiter model associated with this excitation system model.
Excitation system model with which this power actor or VAr controller type 1 model is associated.
Power factor or VAr controller type 1 model associated with this excitation system model.
ExcIEEEAC1A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC1A model. The model represents the field-controlled alternator-rectifier excitation systems designated type AC1A. These excitation systems consist of an alternator main exciter with non-controlled rectifiers. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.1.
Voltage regulator time constant (TB) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Voltage regulator time constant (TC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 400.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,02.
vamax
Maximum voltage regulator output (VAMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 14,5.
vamin
Minimum voltage regulator output (VAMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -14,5.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 0,8.
Excitation control system stabilizer gains (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,03.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (TF) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,38.
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (KE). Typical value = 1.
ve1
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE1) (> 0). Typical value = 4,18.
seve1
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
ve2
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE2) (> 0). Typical value = 3,14.
seve2
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE2, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,03.
vrmax
Maximum voltage regulator outputs (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 6,03.
vrmin
Minimum voltage regulator outputs (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -5,43.
ExcIEEEAC2A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC2A model. The model represents a high initial response field-controlled alternator-rectifier excitation system. The alternator main exciter is used with non-controlled rectifiers. The type AC2A model is similar to that of type AC1A except for the inclusion of exciter time constant compensation and exciter field current limiting elements. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.2.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VAMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 8.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VAMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -8.
Second stage regulator gain (KB) (> 0). Typical value = 25.
Maximum voltage regulator outputs (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 105.
Minimum voltage regulator outputs (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -95.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 0,6.
vfemax
Exciter field current limit reference (VFEMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 4,4.
Exciter field current feedback gain (KH) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,28.
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,35.
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (KE) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE1) (> 0). Typical value = 4,4.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,037.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE2) (> 0). Typical value = 3,3.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE2, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,012.
ExcIEEEAC3A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC3A model. The model represents the field-controlled alternator-rectifier excitation systems designated type AC3A. These excitation systems include an alternator main exciter with non-controlled rectifiers. The exciter employs self-excitation, and the voltage regulator power is derived from the exciter output voltage. Therefore, this system has an additional nonlinearity, simulated by the use of a multiplier whose inputs are the voltage regulator command signal, Va, and the exciter output voltage, Efd, times KR. This model is applicable to excitation systems employing static voltage regulators. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.3.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 45,62.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,013.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VAMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VAMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -0,95.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 1,17.
vemin
Minimum exciter voltage output (VEMIN) (<= 0). Typical value = 0.
Constant associated with regulator and alternator field power supply (KR) (> 0). Typical value = 3,77.
Excitation control system stabilizer gains (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,143.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KN) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
efdn
Value of Efd at which feedback gain changes (EFDN) (> 0). Typical value = 2,36.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,104.
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,499.
Exciter field current limit reference (VFEMAX) (>= 0). Typical value = 16.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE1) (> 0). Typical value = 6,24.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,143.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE2) (> 0). Typical value = 4,68.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE2, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
ExcIEEEAC4A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC4A model. The model represents type AC4A alternator-supplied controlled-rectifier excitation system which is quite different from the other types of AC systems. This high initial response excitation system utilizes a full thyristor bridge in the exciter output circuit. The voltage regulator controls the firing of the thyristor bridges. The exciter alternator uses an independent voltage regulator to control its output voltage to a constant value. These effects are not modelled; however, transient loading effects on the exciter alternator are included. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.4.
vimax
Maximum voltage regulator input limit (VIMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 10.
vimin
Minimum voltage regulator input limit (VIMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -10.
Voltage regulator time constant (TC) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator time constant (TB) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 200.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,015.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 5,64.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -4,53.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ExcIEEEAC5A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC5A model. The model represents a simplified model for brushless excitation systems. The regulator is supplied from a source, such as a permanent magnet generator, which is not affected by system disturbances. Unlike other AC models, this model uses loaded rather than open circuit exciter saturation data in the same way as it is used for the DC models. Because the model has been widely implemented by the industry, it is sometimes used to represent other types of systems when either detailed data for them are not available or simplified models are required. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.5.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 7,3.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -7,3.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (TF1) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (TF2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
tf3
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (TF3) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
efd1
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD1) (> 0). Typical value = 5,6.
seefd1
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD1 (SE[EFD1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,86.
efd2
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD2) (> 0). Typical value = 4,2.
seefd2
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD2 (SE[EFD2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
ExcIEEEAC6A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC6A model. The model represents field-controlled alternator-rectifier excitation systems with system-supplied electronic voltage regulators. The maximum output of the regulator, VR, is a function of terminal voltage, VT. The field current limiter included in the original model AC6A remains in the 2005 update. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.6.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 536.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,086.
Voltage regulator time constant (TK) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,18.
Voltage regulator time constant (TB) (>= 0). Typical value = 9.
Voltage regulator time constant (TC) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VAMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 75.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VAMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -75.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 44.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -36.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Exciter field current limiter gain (KH) (>= 0). Typical value = 92.
Exciter field current limiter time constant (TJ) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Exciter field current limiter time constant (TH) (> 0). Typical value = 0,08.
vfelim
Exciter field current limit reference (VFELIM) (> 0). Typical value = 19.
vhmax
Maximum field current limiter signal reference (VHMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 75.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,173.
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,91.
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (KE). Typical value = 1,6.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE1) (> 0). Typical value = 7,4.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,214.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE2) (> 0). Typical value = 5,55.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE2, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,044.
ExcIEEEAC7B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC7B model. The model represents excitation systems which consist of an AC alternator with either stationary or rotating rectifiers to produce the DC field requirements. It is an upgrade to earlier AC excitation systems, which replace only the controls but retain the AC alternator and diode rectifier bridge. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.7. Note, however, that in IEEE 421.5-2005, the [1 / sTE] block is shown as [1 / (1 + sTE)], which is incorrect.
kpr
Voltage regulator proportional gain (KPR) (> 0 if ExcIEEEAC7B.kir = 0). Typical value = 4,24.
kir
Voltage regulator integral gain (KIR) (>= 0). Typical value = 4,24.
kdr
Voltage regulator derivative gain (KDR) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tdr
Lag time constant (TDR) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 5,79.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -5,79.
kpa
Voltage regulator proportional gain (KPA) (> 0 if ExcIEEEAC7B.kia = 0). Typical value = 65,36.
kia
Voltage regulator integral gain (KIA) (>= 0). Typical value = 59,69.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (KP) (> 0). Typical value = 4,96.
Exciter field voltage lower limit parameter (KL). Typical value = 10.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 1,1.
Exciter field current limit reference (VFEMAX). Typical value = 6,9.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,18.
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KF1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,212.
kf2
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KF2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KF3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE1) (> 0). Typical value = 6,3.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,44.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE2) (> 0). Typical value = 3,02.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE2, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,075.
ExcIEEEAC8B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type AC8B model. This model represents a PID voltage regulator with either a brushless exciter or DC exciter. The AVR in this model consists of PID control, with separate constants for the proportional (KPR), integral (KIR), and derivative (KDR) gains. The representation of the brushless exciter (TE, KE, SE, KC, KD) is similar to the model type AC2A. The type AC8B model can be used to represent static voltage regulators applied to brushless excitation systems. Digitally based voltage regulators feeding DC rotating main exciters can be represented with the AC type AC8B model with the parameters KC and KD set to 0. For thyristor power stages fed from the generator terminals, the limits VRMAX and VRMIN should be a function of terminal voltage: VT x VRMAX and VT x VRMIN. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 6.8.
Voltage regulator proportional gain (KPR) (> 0 if ExcIEEEAC8B.kir = 0). Typical value = 80.
Voltage regulator integral gain (KIR) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
Voltage regulator derivative gain (KDR) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Lag time constant (TDR) (> 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 35.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (<= 0). Typical value = 0.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 1,2.
Exciter field current limit reference (VFEMAX). Typical value = 6.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,55.
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,1.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE1) (> 0). Typical value = 6,5.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (VE2) (> 0). Typical value = 9.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, VE2, back of commutating reactance (SE[VE2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
ExcIEEEDC1A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type DC1A model. This model represents field-controlled DC commutator exciters with continuously acting voltage regulators (especially the direct-acting rheostatic, rotating amplifier, and magnetic amplifier types). Because this model has been widely implemented by the industry, it is sometimes used to represent other types of systems when detailed data for them are not available or when a simplified model is required. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 5.1.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 46.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,06.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> ExcIEEEDC1A.vrmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0 and < ExcIEEEDC1A.vrmax). Typical value = -0,9.
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (KE). Typical value = 0.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 0,46.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.1.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD1) (> 0). Typical value = 3,1.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD1 (SE[EFD1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.33.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD2) (> 0). Typical value = 2,3.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD2 (SE[EFD2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
uelin
UEL input (uelin). true = input is connected to the HV gate false = input connects to the error signal. Typical value = true.
exclim
(exclim). IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output. true = a lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = a lower limit of zero is not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.
ExcIEEEDC2A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type DC2A model. This model represents field-controlled DC commutator exciters with continuously acting voltage regulators having supplies obtained from the generator or auxiliary bus. It differs from the type DC1A model only in the voltage regulator output limits, which are now proportional to terminal voltage VT. It is representative of solid-state replacements for various forms of older mechanical and rotating amplifier regulating equipment connected to DC commutator exciters. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 5.2.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD1) (> 0). Typical value = 3,05.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD2) (> 0). Typical value = 2,29.
(exclim). IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output. Typical value = - 999 which means that there is no limit applied.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 300.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD1 (SE[EFD1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,279.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD2 (SE[EFD2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,117.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,01.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 1,33.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (TF) (> 0). Typical value = 0,675.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX)(> ExcIEEEDC2A.vrmin). Typical value = 4,95.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0 and < ExcIEEEDC2A.vrmax). Typical value = -4,9.
ExcIEEEDC3A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type DC3A model. This model represents older systems, in particular those DC commutator exciters with non-continuously acting regulators that were commonly used before the development of the continuously acting varieties. These systems respond at basically two different rates, depending upon the magnitude of voltage error. For small errors, adjustment is made periodically with a signal to a motor-operated rheostat. Larger errors cause resistors to be quickly shorted or inserted and a strong forcing signal applied to the exciter. Continuous motion of the motor-operated rheostat occurs for these larger error signals, even though it is bypassed by contactor action. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 5.3.
Rheostat travel time (TRH) (> 0). Typical value = 20.
Fast raise/lower contact setting (KV) (> 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (TE) (> 0). Typical value = 0,5.
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (KE). Typical value = 0,05.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD1) (> 0). Typical value = 3,375.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD1 (SE[EFD1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,267.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD2) (> 0). Typical value = 3,15.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD2 (SE[EFD2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,068.
ExcIEEEDC4B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type DC4B model. These excitation systems utilize a field-controlled DC commutator exciter with a continuously acting voltage regulator having supplies obtained from the generator or auxiliary bus. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 5.4.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Regulator proportional gain (KP) (>= 0). Typical value = 20.
Regulator integral gain (KI) (>= 0). Typical value = 20.
Regulator derivative gain (KD) (>= 0). Typical value = 20.
Regulator derivative filter time constant (TD) (> 0 if ExcIEEEDC4B.kd > 0). Typical value = 0,01.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> ExcIEEEDC4B.vrmin). Typical value = 2,7.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (<= 0 and < ExcIEEEDC4B.vrmax). Typical value = -0,9.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (TF) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD1) (> 0). Typical value = 1,75.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD1 (SE[EFD1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (EFD2) (> 0). Typical value = 2,33.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, EFD2 (SE[EFD2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,27.
oelin
OEL input (OELin). true = LV gate false = subtract from error signal. Typical value = true.
UEL input (UELin). true = HV gate false = add to error signal. Typical value = true.
ExcIEEEST1A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST1A model. This model represents systems in which excitation power is supplied through a transformer from the generator terminals (or the unit’s auxiliary bus) and is regulated by a controlled rectifier. The maximum exciter voltage available from such systems is directly related to the generator terminal voltage. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.1.
ilr
Exciter output current limit reference (ILR). Typical value = 0.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 190.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
Excitation control system stabilizer gains (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
klr
Exciter output current limiter gain (KLR). Typical value = 0.
pssin
Selector of the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) input (PSSin). true = PSS input (Vs) added to error signal false = PSS input (Vs) added to voltage regulator output. Typical value = true.
tb1
Voltage regulator time constant (TB1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tc1
Voltage regulator time constant (TC1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Selector of the connection of the UEL input (UELin). Typical value = ignoreUELsignal.
Maximum voltage regulator input limit (VIMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 999.
Minimum voltage regulator input limit (VIMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -999.
Maximum voltage regulator outputs (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 7,8.
Minimum voltage regulator outputs (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -6,7.
ExcIEEEST2A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST2A model. Some static systems use both current and voltage sources (generator terminal quantities) to comprise the power source. The regulator controls the exciter output through controlled saturation of the power transformer components. These compound-source rectifier excitation systems are designated type ST2A and are represented by ExcIEEEST2A. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.2.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). Typical value = 120.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (> 0). Typical value = 0,15.
Maximum voltage regulator outputs (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Minimum voltage regulator outputs (VRMIN) (<= 0). Typical value = 0.
Excitation control system stabilizer gains (KF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (KP) (>= 0). Typical value = 4,88.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (KI) (>= 0). Typical value = 8.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,82.
efdmax
Maximum field voltage (EFDMax) (>= 0). Typical value = 99.
ExcIEEEST3A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST3A model. Some static systems utilize a field voltage control loop to linearize the exciter control characteristic. This also makes the output independent of supply source variations until supply limitations are reached. These systems utilize a variety of controlled-rectifier designs: full thyristor complements or hybrid bridges in either series or shunt configurations. The power source can consist of only a potential source, either fed from the machine terminals or from internal windings. Some designs can have compound power sources utilizing both machine potential and current. These power sources are represented as phasor combinations of machine terminal current and voltage and are accommodated by suitable parameters in model type ST3A which is represented by ExcIEEEST3A. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.3.
Maximum voltage regulator input limit (VIMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Minimum voltage regulator input limit (VIMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -0,2.
Voltage regulator gain (KA) (> 0). This is parameter K in the IEEE standard. Typical value = 200.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 10.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -10.
Forward gain constant of the inner loop field regulator (KM) (> 0). Typical value = 7,93.
Forward time constant of inner loop field regulator (TM) (> 0). Typical value = 0,4.
vmmax
Maximum inner loop output (VMMax) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
vmmin
Minimum inner loop output (VMMin) (<= 0). Typical value = 0.
Feedback gain constant of the inner loop field regulator (KG) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (KP) (> 0). Typical value = 6,15.
thetap
Potential circuit phase angle (thetap). Typical value = 0.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (KI) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Reactance associated with potential source (XL) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,081.
vbmax
Maximum excitation voltage (VBMax) (> 0). Typical value = 6,9.
vgmax
Maximum inner loop feedback voltage (VGMax) (>= 0). Typical value = 5,8.
ExcIEEEST4B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST4B model. This model is a variation of the type ST3A model, with a proportional plus integral (PI) regulator block replacing the lag-lead regulator characteristic that is in the ST3A model. Both potential and compound source rectifier excitation systems are modelled. The PI regulator blocks have non-windup limits that are represented. The voltage regulator of this model is typically implemented digitally. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.4.
Voltage regulator proportional gain (KPR). Typical value = 10,75.
Voltage regulator integral gain (KIR). Typical value = 10,75.
Voltage regulator time constant (TA) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -0,87.
kpm
Voltage regulator proportional gain output (KPM). Typical value = 1.
kim
Voltage regulator integral gain output (KIM). Typical value = 0.
Maximum inner loop output (VMMax) (> ExcIEEEST4B.vmmin). Typical value = 99.
Minimum inner loop output (VMMin) (< ExcIEEEST4B.vmmax). Typical value = -99.
Feedback gain constant of the inner loop field regulator (KG) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (KP) (> 0). Typical value = 9,3.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,113.
Reactance associated with potential source (XL) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,124.
Maximum excitation voltage (VBMax) (> 0). Typical value = 11,63.
ExcIEEEST5B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST5B model. The type ST5B excitation system is a variation of the type ST1A model, with alternative overexcitation and underexcitation inputs and additional limits. The block diagram in the IEEE 421.5 standard has input signal Vc and does not indicate the summation point with Vref. The implementation of the ExcIEEEST5B shall consider summation point with Vref. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.5.
Regulator gain (KR) (> 0). Typical value = 200.
Firing circuit time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,004.
Rectifier regulation factor (KC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,004.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 5.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -4.
Regulator lead time constant (TC1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,8.
Regulator lag time constant (TB1) (>= 0). Typical value = 6.
tc2
Regulator lead time constant (TC2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
tb2
Regulator lag time constant (TB2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01.
toc1
OEL lead time constant (TOC1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
tob1
OEL lag time constant (TOB1) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
toc2
OEL lead time constant (TOC2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
tob2
OEL lag time constant (TOB2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
tuc1
UEL lead time constant (TUC1) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
tub1
UEL lag time constant (TUB1) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
tuc2
UEL lead time constant (TUC2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
tub2
UEL lag time constant (TUB2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
ExcIEEEST6B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST6B model. This model consists of a PI voltage regulator with an inner loop field voltage regulator and pre-control. The field voltage regulator implements a proportional control. The pre-control and the delay in the feedback circuit increase the dynamic response. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.6.
Exciter output current limit reference (ILR) (> 0). Typical value = 4,164.
kci
Exciter output current limit adjustment (KCI) (> 0). Typical value = 1,0577.
kff
Pre-control gain constant of the inner loop field regulator (KFF). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator integral gain (KIA) (> 0). Typical value = 45,094.
Exciter output current limiter gain (KLR) (> 0). Typical value = 17,33.
Forward gain constant of the inner loop field regulator (KM). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator proportional gain (KPA) (> 0). Typical value = 18,038.
OEL input selector (OELin). Typical value = noOELinput.
Feedback time constant of inner loop field voltage regulator (TG) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VAMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 4,81.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VAMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -3,85.
Maximum voltage regulator output (VRMAX) (> 0). Typical value = 4,81.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -3,85.
ExcIEEEST7B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type ST7B model. This model is representative of static potential-source excitation systems. In this system, the AVR consists of a PI voltage regulator. A phase lead-lag filter in series allows the introduction of a derivative function, typically used with brushless excitation systems. In that case, the regulator is of the PID type. In addition, the terminal voltage channel includes a phase lead-lag filter. The AVR includes the appropriate inputs on its reference for overexcitation limiter (OEL1), underexcitation limiter (UEL), stator current limiter (SCL), and current compensator (DROOP). All these limitations, when they work at voltage reference level, keep the PSS (VS signal from PSS) in operation. However, the UEL limitation can also be transferred to the high value (HV) gate acting on the output signal. In addition, the output signal passes through a low value (LV) gate for a ceiling overexcitation limiter (OEL2). Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 7.7.
High-value gate feedback gain (KH) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator integral gain (KIA) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Low-value gate feedback gain (KL) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator proportional gain (KPA) (> 0). Typical value = 40.
Regulator lag time constant (TB) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Regulator lead time constant (TC) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Feedback time constant of inner loop field voltage regulator (TG) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
tia
Feedback time constant (TIA) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
UEL input selector (UELin). Typical value = noUELinput.
Maximum voltage reference signal (VMAX) (> 0 and > ExcIEEEST7B.vmin). Typical value = 1,1.
Minimum voltage reference signal (VMIN) (> 0 and < ExcIEEEST7B.vmax). Typical value = 0,9.
Minimum voltage regulator output (VRMIN) (< 0). Typical value = -4,5.
ExcAC1A
Modified IEEE AC1A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with different rate feedback source.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (Kf1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (Kf2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (Ks) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
hvlvgates
Indicates if both HV gate and LV gate are active (HVLVgates). true = gates are used false = gates are not used. Typical value = true.
ExcAC2A
Modified IEEE AC2A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with different field current limit.
Second stage regulator gain (Kb) (> 0). Exciter field current controller gain. Typical value = 25.
kb1
Second stage regulator gain (Kb1). It is exciter field current controller gain used as alternative to Kb to represent a variant of the ExcAC2A model. Typical value = 25.
Exciter field current limit reference (Vfemax) (>= 0). Typical value = 4,4.
Exciter field current limiter gain (Kl). Typical value = 10.
vlr
Maximum exciter field current (Vlr) (> 0). Typical value = 4,4.
kl1
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (Kl1). Typical value = 1.
hvgate
Indicates if HV gate is active (HVgate). true = gate is used false = gate is not used. Typical value = true.
lvgate
Indicates if LV gate is active (LVgate). true = gate is used false = gate is not used. Typical value = true.
ExcAC3A
Modified IEEE AC3A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with different field current limit.
Constant associated with regulator and alternator field power supply (Kr) (> 0). Typical value =3,77.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (Kn) (>= 0). Typical value =0,05.
klv
Gain used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop (Klv). Typical value = 0,194.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (Kf1). Typical value = 1.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (Kf2). Typical value = 0.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (Ks). Typical value = 0.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (Ve1) (> 0). Typical value = 6.24.
vlv
Field voltage used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop (Vlv). Typical value = 0,79.
ExcAC4A
Modified IEEE AC4A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with different minimum controller output.
ExcAC5A
Modified IEEE AC5A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with different minimum controller output.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vrmin) (< 0). Typical value =-7,3.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,8.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (a). Typical value = 1.
ExcAC6A
Modified IEEE AC6A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with speed input.
ExcAC8B
Modified IEEE AC8B alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with speed input and input limiter.
inlim
Input limiter indicator. true = input limiter Vimax and Vimin is considered false = input limiter Vimax and Vimin is not considered. Typical value = true.
Voltage regulator proportional gain (Kpr) (> 0 if ExcAC8B.kir = 0). Typical value = 80.
pidlim
PID limiter indicator. true = input limiter Vpidmax and Vpidmin is considered false = input limiter Vpidmax and Vpidmin is not considered. Typical value = true.
Lag time constant (Tdr) (> 0 if ExcAC8B.kdr > 0). Typical value = 0,1.
telim
Selector for the limiter on the block (1/sTe). See diagram for meaning of true and false. Typical value = false.
Input signal maximum (Vimax) (> ExcAC8B.vimin). Typical value = 35.
Input signal minimum (Vimin) (< ExcAC8B.vimax). Typical value = -10.
vpidmax
PID maximum controller output (Vpidmax) (> ExcAC8B.vpidmin). Typical value = 35.
vpidmin
PID minimum controller output (Vpidmin) (< ExcAC8B.vpidmax). Typical value = -10.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vrmin) (< 0). Typical value = 0.
vtmult
Multiply by generator's terminal voltage indicator. true =the limits Vrmax and Vrmin are multiplied by the generator’s terminal voltage to represent a thyristor power stage fed from the generator terminals false = limits are not multiplied by generator's terminal voltage. Typical value = false.
ExcANS
Italian excitation system. It represents static field voltage or excitation current feedback excitation system.
AVR gain (K3). Typical value = 1000.
Exciter gain (K2). Typical value = 20.
kce
Ceiling factor (KCE). Typical value = 1.
Time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,6.
Time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 20.
blint
Governor control flag (BLINT). 0 = lead-lag regulator 1 = proportional integral regulator. Typical value = 0.
kvfif
Rate feedback signal flag (KVFIF). 0 = output voltage of the exciter 1 = exciter field current. Typical value = 0.
ifmn
Minimum exciter current (IFMN). Typical value = -5,2.
ifmx
Maximum exciter current (IFMX). Typical value = 6,5.
vrmn
Minimum AVR output (VRMN). Typical value = -5,2.
vrmx
Maximum AVR output (VRMX). Typical value = 6,5.
krvecc
Feedback enabling (KRVECC). 0 = open loop control 1 = closed loop control. Typical value = 1.
Exciter time constant (TB) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,04.
ExcAVR1
Italian excitation system corresponding to IEEE (1968) type 1 model. It represents an exciter dynamo and electromechanical regulator.
AVR gain (KA). Typical value = 500.
Minimum AVR output (VRMN). Typical value = -6.
Maximum AVR output (VRMX). Typical value = 7.
AVR time constant (TA) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
AVR time constant (TB) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter time constant (TE) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Field voltage value 1 (E1). Typical value = 4.18.
se1
Saturation factor at E1 (S[E1]). Typical value = 0,1.
Field voltage value 2 (E2). Typical value = 3,14.
se2
Saturation factor at E2 (S[E2]). Typical value = 0,03.
Rate feedback gain (KF). Typical value = 0,12.
Rate feedback time constant (TF) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ExcAVR2
Italian excitation system corresponding to IEEE (1968) type 2 model. It represents an alternator and rotating diodes and electromechanic voltage regulators.
AVR time constant (TA) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Field voltage value 1 (E1). Typical value = 4,18.
Saturation factor at E1 (S[E1]). Typical value = 0.1.
Rate feedback time constant (TF1) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Rate feedback time constant (TF2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ExcAVR3
Italian excitation system. It represents an exciter dynamo and electric regulator.
AVR gain (KA). Typical value = 100.
Minimum AVR output (VRMN). Typical value = -7,5.
Maximum AVR output (VRMX). Typical value = 7,5.
AVR time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 20.
AVR time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,6.
AVR time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,66.
AVR time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,07.
ExcAVR4
Italian excitation system. It represents a static exciter and electric voltage regulator.
AVR gain (KA). Typical value = 300.
Minimum AVR output (VRMN). Typical value = 0.
Maximum AVR output (VRMX). Typical value = 5.
AVR time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 4,8.
AVR time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,5.
AVR time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
AVR time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter gain (KE). Typical value = 1.
vfmx
Maximum exciter output (VFMX). Typical value = 5.
vfmn
Minimum exciter output (VFMN). Typical value = 0.
kif
Exciter internal reactance (KIF). Typical value = 0.
tif
Exciter current feedback time constant (TIF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
t1if
Exciter current feedback time constant (T1IF) (>= 0). Typical value = 60.
imul
AVR output voltage dependency selector (IMUL). true = selector is connected false = selector is not connected. Typical value = true.
ExcAVR5
Manual excitation control with field circuit resistance. This model can be used as a very simple representation of manual voltage control.
rex
Effective output resistance (Rex). Rex represents the effective output resistance seen by the excitation system.
ExcAVR7
Gain (K1). Typical value = 1.
Lead coefficient (A1). Typical value = 0,5.
Lag coefficient (A2). Typical value = 0,5.
Lead time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Lag time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
vmax1
Lead-lag maximum limit (Vmax1) (> ExcAVR7.vmin1). Typical value = 5.
vmin1
Lead-lag minimum limit (Vmin1) (< ExcAVR7.vmax1). Typical value = -5.
Gain (K3). Typical value = 3.
Lead coefficient (A3). Typical value = 0,5.
Lag coefficient (A4). Typical value = 0,5.
Lead time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Lag time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
vmax3
Lead-lag maximum limit (Vmax3) (> ExcAVR7.vmin3). Typical value = 5.
vmin3
Lead-lag minimum limit (Vmin3) (< ExcAVR7.vmax3). Typical value = -5.
Gain (K5). Typical value = 1.
Lead coefficient (A5). Typical value = 0,5.
Lag coefficient (A6). Typical value = 0,5.
Lead time constant (T5) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Lag time constant (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
vmax5
Lead-lag maximum limit (Vmax5) (> ExcAVR7.vmin5). Typical value = 5.
vmin5
Lead-lag minimum limit (Vmin5) (< ExcAVR7.vmax5). Typical value = -2.
ExcBBC
Transformer fed static excitation system (static with ABB regulator). This model represents a static excitation system in which a gated thyristor bridge fed by a transformer at the main generator terminals feeds the main generator directly.
Controller time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 6.
Controller time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Lead/lag time constant (T3) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,05.
Lead/lag time constant (T4) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,01.
Steady state gain (K) (not = 0). Typical value = 300.
Minimum control element output (Vrmin) (< ExcBBC.vrmax). Typical value = -5.
Maximum control element output (Vrmax) (> ExcBBC.vrmin). Typical value = 5.
efdmin
Minimum open circuit exciter voltage (Efdmin) (< ExcBBC.efdmax). Typical value = -5.
Maximum open circuit exciter voltage (Efdmax) (> ExcBBC.efdmin). Typical value = 5.
Effective excitation transformer reactance (Xe) (>= 0). Xe models the regulation of the transformer/rectifier unit. Typical value = 0,05.
switch
Supplementary signal routing selector (switch). true = Vs connected to 3rd summing point false = Vs connected to 1st summing point (see diagram). Typical value = false.
ExcCZ
Regulator proportional gain (Kp).
Regulator integral time constant (Tc) (>= 0).
Voltage regulator maximum limit (Vrmax) (> ExcCZ.vrmin).
Voltage regulator minimum limit (Vrmin) (< ExcCZ.vrmax).
Regulator time constant (Ta) (>= 0).
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (Ke).
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (Te) (>= 0).
Exciter output maximum limit (Efdmax) (> ExcCZ.efdmin).
Exciter output minimum limit (Efdmin) (< ExcCZ.efdmax).
ExcDC1A
Modified IEEE DC1A direct current commutator exciter with speed input and without underexcitation limiters (UEL) inputs.
Maximum voltage regulator output (Vrmax) (> ExcDC1A.vrmin). Typical value = 1.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vrmin) (< 0 and < ExcDC1A.vrmax). Typical value = -0,9.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, Efd1 (Se[Eefd1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,33.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, Efd2 (Se[Eefd2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Minimum voltage exciter output limiter (Efdmin) (< ExcDC1A.edfmax). Typical value = -99.
Maximum voltage exciter output limiter (Efdmax) (> ExcDC1A.efdmin). Typical value = 99.
ExcDC2A
Modified IEEE DC2A direct current commutator exciter with speed input, one more leg block in feedback loop and without underexcitation limiters (UEL) inputs. DC type 2 excitation system model with added speed multiplier, added lead-lag, and voltage-dependent limits.
Maximum voltage regulator output (Vrmax) (> ExcDC2A.vrmin). Typical value = 4,95.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vrmin) (< 0 and < ExcDC2A.vrmax). Typical value = -4,9.
Exciter constant related to self-excited field (Ke). If Ke is entered as zero, the model calculates an effective value of Ke such that the initial condition value of Vr is zero. The zero value of Ke is not changed. If Ke is entered as non-zero, its value is used directly, without change. Typical value = 1.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
vtlim
(Vtlim). true = limiter at the block (Ka / [1 + sTa]) is dependent on Vt false = limiter at the block is not dependent on Vt. Typical value = true.
ExcDC3A
Modified IEEE DC3A direct current commutator exciter with speed input, and deadband. DC old type 4.
Deadband (Kr). Typical value = 0.
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (Te) (> 0). Typical value = 1,83.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (Efd1) (> 0). Typical value = 2,6.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, Efd1 (Se[Efd1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (Efd2) (> 0). Typical value = 3,45.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, Efd2 (Se[Efd2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,35.
(exclim). IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output. true = a lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = a lower limit of zero not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.
Maximum voltage exciter output limiter (Efdmax) (> ExcDC3A.efdmin). Typical value = 99.
Minimum voltage exciter output limiter (Efdmin) (< ExcDC3A.efdmax). Typical value = -99.
efdlim
(Efdlim). true = exciter output limiter is active false = exciter output limiter not active. Typical value = true.
ExcDC3A1
Modified old IEEE type 3 excitation system.
Maximum voltage regulator output (Vrmax) (> ExcDC3A1.vrmin). Typical value = 5.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vrmin) (< 0 and < ExcDC3A1.vrmax). Typical value = 0.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,675.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (Kp) (>= 0). Typical value = 4,37.
Potential circuit gain coefficient (Ki) (>= 0). Typical value = 4,83.
Available exciter voltage limiter (Vbmax) (> 0). Typical value = 11,63.
(exclim). true = lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = lower limit of zero not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.
vb1max
Available exciter voltage limiter (Vb1max) (> 0). Typical value = 11,63.
vblim
Vb limiter indicator. true = exciter Vbmax limiter is active false = Vb1max is active. Typical value = true.
ExcELIN1
Static PI transformer fed excitation system ELIN (VATECH) - simplified model. This model represents an all-static excitation system. A PI voltage controller establishes a desired field current set point for a proportional current controller. The integrator of the PI controller has a follow-up input to match its signal to the present field current. A power system stabilizer with power input is included in the model.
tfi
Current transducer time constant (Tfi) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tnu
Controller reset time constant (Tnu) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
vpu
Voltage controller proportional gain (Vpu). Typical value = 34,5.
vpi
Current controller gain (Vpi). Typical value = 12,45.
vpnf
Controller follow up gain (Vpnf). Typical value = 2.
dpnf
Controller follow up deadband (Dpnf). Typical value = 0.
tsw
Stabilizer parameters (Tsw) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
efmin
Minimum open circuit excitation voltage (Efmin) (< ExcELIN1.efmax). Typical value = -5.
efmax
Maximum open circuit excitation voltage (Efmax) (> ExcELIN1.efmin). Typical value = 5.
Excitation transformer effective reactance (Xe) (>= 0). Xe represents the regulation of the transformer/rectifier unit. Typical value = 0,06.
ks1
Stabilizer gain 1 (Ks1). Typical value = 0.
ks2
Stabilizer gain 2 (Ks2). Typical value = 0.
ts1
Stabilizer phase lag time constant (Ts1) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ts2
Stabilizer filter time constant (Ts2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
smax
Stabilizer limit output (smax). Typical value = 0,1.
ExcELIN2
Detailed excitation system ELIN (VATECH). This model represents an all-static excitation system. A PI voltage controller establishes a desired field current set point for a proportional current controller. The integrator of the PI controller has a follow-up input to match its signal to the present field current. Power system stabilizer models used in conjunction with this excitation system model: PssELIN2, PssIEEE2B, Pss2B.
Voltage regulator input gain (K1). Typical value = 0.
k1ec
Voltage regulator input limit (K1ec). Typical value = 2.
kd1
Voltage controller derivative gain (Kd1). Typical value = 34,5.
Voltage controller derivative washout time constant (Tb1) (>= 0). Typical value = 12,45.
pid1max
Controller follow up gain (PID1max). Typical value = 2.
ti1
Controller follow up deadband (Ti1). Typical value = 0.
iefmax2
Minimum open circuit excitation voltage (Iefmax2). Typical value = -5.
ketb
Gain (Ketb). Typical value = 0,06.
upmax
Limiter (Upmax) (> ExcELIN2.upmin). Typical value = 3.
upmin
Limiter (Upmin) (< ExcELIN2.upmax). Typical value = 0.
Time constant (Te) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Excitation transformer effective reactance (Xp). Typical value = 1.
te2
Time Constant (Te2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ke2
Gain (Ke2). Typical value = 0,1.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (Ve1) (> 0). Typical value = 3.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, Ve1, back of commutating reactance (Se[Ve1]) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (Ve2) (> 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, Ve2, back of commutating reactance (Se[Ve2]) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
tr4
Time constant (Tr4) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ti3
Time constant (Ti3) (>= 0). Typical value = 3.
ti4
Time constant (Ti4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
iefmax
Limiter (Iefmax) (> ExcELIN2.iefmin). Typical value = 1.
iefmin
Limiter (Iefmin) (< ExcELIN2.iefmax). Typical value = 1.
efdbas
Gain (Efdbas). Typical value = 0,1.
ExcHU
Hungarian excitation system, with built-in voltage transducer.
Filter time constant (Tr) (>= 0). If a voltage compensator is used in conjunction with this excitation system model, Tr should be set to 0. Typical value = 0,01.
Major loop PI tag integration time constant (Te) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,154.
imin
Major loop PI tag output signal lower limit (Imin) (< ExcHU.imax). Typical value = 0,1.
imax
Major loop PI tag output signal upper limit (Imax) (> ExcHU.imin). Typical value = 2,19.
Major loop PI tag gain factor (Ae). Typical value = 3.
emin
Field voltage control signal lower limit on AVR base (Emin) (< ExcHU.emax). Typical value = -0,866.
Field voltage control signal upper limit on AVR base (Emax) (> ExcHU.emin). Typical value = 0,996.
Current base conversion constant (Ki). Typical value = 0,21428.
Minor loop PI tag gain factor (Ai). Typical value = 22.
Minor loop PI control tag integration time constant (Ti) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01333.
atr
AVR constant (Atr). Typical value = 2,19.
Voltage base conversion constant (Ke). Typical value = 4,666.
ExcNI
Bus or solid fed SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier) bridge excitation system model type NI (NVE).
busFedSelector
Fed by selector (BusFedSelector). true = bus fed (switch is closed) false = solid fed (switch is open). Typical value = true.
Time constant (Tr) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Voltage regulator gain (Ka) (> 0). Typical value = 210.
Maximum voltage regulator ouput (Vrmax) (> ExcNI.vrmin). Typical value = 5,0.
Minimum voltage regulator ouput (Vrmin) (< ExcNI.vrmax). Typical value = -2,0.
Excitation control system stabilizer gain (Kf) (> 0). Typical value 0,01.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf2) (> 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf1) (> 0). Typical value = 1,0.
rc / rfd (R) (>= 0). 0 means exciter has negative current capability > 0 means exciter does not have negative current capability. Typical value = 5.
ExcOEX3T
Modified IEEE type ST1 excitation system with semi-continuous and acting terminal voltage limiter.
Time constant (T1) (>= 0).
Time constant (T2) (>= 0).
Time constant (T3) (>= 0).
Time constant (T4) (>= 0).
Time constant (T5) (>= 0).
Time constant (T6) (>= 0).
Limiter (VRMAX) (> ExcOEX3T.vrmin).
Limiter (VRMIN) (< ExcOEX3T.vrmax).
Time constant (TE) (>= 0).
Time constant (TF) (>= 0).
Saturation parameter (E1).
see1
Saturation parameter (SE[E1]).
Saturation parameter (E2).
see2
Saturation parameter (SE[E2]).
ExcPIC
Proportional/integral regulator excitation system. This model can be used to represent excitation systems with a proportional-integral (PI) voltage regulator controller.
PI controller gain (Ka). Typical value = 3,15.
ta1
PI controller time constant (Ta1) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
vr1
PI maximum limit (Vr1). Typical value = 1.
vr2
PI minimum limit (Vr2). Typical value = -0,87.
ta2
Voltage regulator time constant (Ta2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01.
ta3
Lead time constant (Ta3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ta4
Lag time constant (Ta4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Voltage regulator maximum limit (Vrmax) (> ExcPIC.vrmin). Typical value = 1.
Voltage regulator minimum limit (Vrmin) (< ExcPIC.vrmax). Typical value = -0,87.
Rate feedback gain (Kf). Typical value = 0.
Rate feedback time constant (Tf1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Rate feedback lag time constant (Tf2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter maximum limit (Efdmax) (> ExcPIC.efdmin). Typical value = 8.
Exciter minimum limit (Efdmin) (< ExcPIC.efdmax). Typical value = -0,87.
Exciter constant (Ke). Typical value = 0.
Exciter time constant (Te) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Field voltage value 1 (E1). Typical value = 0.
Saturation factor at E1 (Se1). Typical value = 0.
Field voltage value 2 (E2). Typical value = 0.
Saturation factor at E2 (Se2). Typical value = 0.
Potential source gain (Kp). Typical value = 6,5.
Current source gain (Ki). Typical value = 0.
Exciter regulation factor (Kc). Typical value = 0,08.
ExcREXS
General purpose rotating excitation system. This model can be used to represent a wide range of excitation systems whose DC power source is an AC or DC generator. It encompasses IEEE type AC1, AC2, DC1, and DC2 excitation system models.
Field voltage value 1 (E1). Typical value = 3.
Field voltage value 2 (E2). Typical value = 4.
Rate feedback signal flag (fbf). Typical value = fieldCurrent.
flimf
Limit type flag (Flimf). Typical value = 0.
Rectifier regulation factor (Kc). Typical value = 0,05.
Exciter regulation factor (Kd). Typical value = 2.
Exciter field proportional constant (Ke). Typical value = 1.
kefd
Field voltage feedback gain (Kefd). Typical value = 0.
Rate feedback gain (Kf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Field voltage controller feedback gain (Kh). Typical value = 0.
kii
Field current regulator integral gain (Kii). Typical value = 0.
Field current regulator proportional gain (Kip). Typical value = 1.
kvi
Voltage regulator integral gain (Kvi). Typical value = 0.
kvp
Voltage regulator proportional gain (Kvp). Typical value = 2800.
kvphz
V/Hz limiter gain (Kvphz). Typical value = 0.
nvphz
Pickup speed of V/Hz limiter (Nvphz). Typical value = 0.
Saturation factor at E1 (Se1). Typical value = 0,0001.
Saturation factor at E2 (Se2). Typical value = 0,001.
Voltage regulator time constant (Ta) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,01.
Lag time constant (Tb1) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Lag time constant (Tb2) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Lead time constant (Tc1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead time constant (Tc2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Exciter field time constant (Te) (> 0). Typical value = 1,2.
Rate feedback time constant (Tf) (>= 0). If = 0, the feedback path is not used. Typical value = 1.
Feedback lead time constant (Tf1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Feedback lag time constant (Tf2) (>= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Field current bridge time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
vcmax
Maximum compounding voltage (Vcmax). Typical value = 0.
vfmax
Maximum exciter field current (Vfmax) (> ExcREXS.vfmin). Typical value = 47.
vfmin
Minimum exciter field current (Vfmin) (< ExcREXS.vfmax). Typical value = -20.
Voltage regulator input limit (Vimax). Typical value = 0,1.
Maximum controller output (Vrmax) (> ExcREXS.vrmin). Typical value = 47.
Minimum controller output (Vrmin) (< ExcREXS.vrmax). Typical value = -20.
Exciter compounding reactance (Xc). Typical value = 0.
ExcRQB
Excitation system type RQB (four-loop regulator, r?gulateur quatre boucles, developed in France) primarily used in nuclear or thermal generating units. This excitation system shall be always used together with power system stabilizer type PssRQB.
ki0
Voltage reference input gain (Ki0). Typical value = 12,7.
ki1
Voltage input gain (Ki1). Typical value = -16,8.
Lead lag time constant (TE) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,22.
Lead lag time constant (TC) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
klir
OEL input gain (KLIR). Typical value = 12,13.
ucmin
Minimum voltage reference limit (UCMIN) (< ExcRQB.ucmax). Typical value = 0,9.
ucmax
Maximum voltage reference limit (UCMAX) (> ExcRQB.ucmin). Typical value = 1,1.
lus
Setpoint (LUS). Typical value = 0,12.
klus
Limiter gain (KLUS). Typical value = 50.
mesu
Voltage input time constant (MESU) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
t4m
Input time constant (T4M) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
lsat
Integrator limiter (LSAT). Typical value = 5,73.
Exciter time constant (TF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01.
ExcSCRX
Simple excitation system with generic characteristics typical of many excitation systems; intended for use where negative field current could be a problem.
tatb
Gain reduction ratio of lag-lead element ([Ta / Tb]). The parameter Ta is not defined explicitly. Typical value = 0.1.
Denominator time constant of lag-lead block (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Gain (K) (> 0). Typical value = 200.
Time constant of gain block (Te) (> 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Minimum field voltage output (Emin) (< ExcSCRX.emax). Typical value = 0.
Maximum field voltage output (Emax) (> ExcSCRX.emin). Typical value = 5.
cswitch
Power source switch (Cswitch). true = fixed voltage of 1.0 PU false = generator terminal voltage.
rcrfd
Ratio of field discharge resistance to field winding resistance ([rc / rfd]). Typical value = 0.
ExcSEXS
Gain reduction ratio of lag-lead element ([Ta / Tb]). Typical value = 0,1.
Gain (K) (> 0). Typical value = 100.
Time constant of gain block (Te) (> 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Minimum field voltage output (Emin) (< ExcSEXS.emax). Typical value = -5.
Maximum field voltage output (Emax) (> ExcSEXS.emin). Typical value = 5.
PI controller gain (Kc) (> 0 if ExcSEXS.tc > 0). Typical value = 0,08.
PI controller phase lead time constant (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Field voltage clipping minimum limit (Efdmin) (< ExcSEXS.efdmax). Typical value = -5.
Field voltage clipping maximum limit (Efdmax) (> ExcSEXS.efdmin). Typical value = 5.
ExcSK
Slovakian excitation system. UEL and secondary voltage control are included in this model. When this model is used, there cannot be a separate underexcitation limiter or VAr controller model.
Field voltage clipping upper level limit (Efdmax) (> ExcSK.efdmin).
Field voltage clipping lower level limit (Efdmin) (< ExcSK.efdmax).
Maximum field voltage output (Emax) (> ExcSK.emin). Typical value = 20.
Minimum field voltage output (Emin) (< ExcSK.emax). Typical value = -20.
Parameter of underexcitation limit (K1). Typical value = 0,1364.
Parameter of underexcitation limit (K2). Typical value = -0,3861.
PI controller gain (Kc). Typical value = 70.
Rectifier regulation factor (Kce). Typical value = 0.
Exciter internal reactance (Kd). Typical value = 0.
kgob
P controller gain (Kgob). Typical value = 10.
PI controller gain (Kp). Typical value = 1.
kqi
PI controller gain of integral component (Kqi). Typical value = 0.
kqob
Rate of rise of the reactive power (Kqob).
kqp
PI controller gain (Kqp). Typical value = 0.
Deadband of reactive power (nq). Determines the range of sensitivity. Typical value = 0,001.
qconoff
Secondary voltage control state (Qc_on_off). true = secondary voltage control is on false = secondary voltage control is off. Typical value = false.
Desired value (setpoint) of reactive power, manual setting (Qz).
remote
Selector to apply automatic calculation in secondary controller model (remote). true = automatic calculation is activated false = manual set is active; the use of desired value of reactive power (Qz) is required. Typical value = true.
sbase
Apparent power of the unit (Sbase) (> 0). Unit = MVA. Typical value = 259.
PI controller phase lead time constant (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 8.
Time constant of gain block (Te) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
PI controller phase lead time constant (Ti) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
Time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
Voltage transducer time constant (Tr) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01.
uimax
Maximum error (UImax) (> ExcSK.uimin). Typical value = 10.
uimin
Minimum error (UImin) (< ExcSK.uimax). Typical value = -10.
urmax
Maximum controller output (URmax) (> ExcSK.urmin). Typical value = 10.
urmin
Minimum controller output (URmin) (< ExcSK.urmax). Typical value = -10.
vtmax
Maximum terminal voltage input (Vtmax) (> ExcSK.vtmin). Determines the range of voltage deadband. Typical value = 1,05.
vtmin
Minimum terminal voltage input (Vtmin) (< ExcSK.vtmax). Determines the range of voltage deadband. Typical value = 0,95.
Maximum output (Yp). Typical value = 1.
ExcST1A
Modification of an old IEEE ST1A static excitation system without overexcitation limiter (OEL) and underexcitation limiter (UEL).
Maximum voltage regulator outputs (Vrmax) (> 0) . Typical value = 7,8.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (Kc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Maximum voltage regulator output (Vamax) (> 0). Typical value = 999.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vamin) (< 0). Typical value = -999.
Excitation xfmr effective reactance (Xe). Typical value = 0,04.
ExcST2A
Modified IEEE ST2A static excitation system with another lead-lag block added to match the model defined by WECC.
Minimum voltage regulator outputs (Vrmin) (< 0). Typical value = -1.
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (Tf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,7.
UEL input (UELin). true = HV gate false = add to error signal. Typical value = false.
ExcST3A
Modified IEEE ST3A static excitation system with added speed multiplier.
AVR gain (Kj) (> 0). Typical value = 200.
Voltage regulator time constant (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 6,67.
Maximum AVR output (Efdmax) (>= 0). Typical value = 6,9.
Forward gain constant of the inner loop field regulator (Km) (> 0). Typical value = 7,04.
Forward time constant of inner loop field regulator (Tm) (> 0). Typical value = 1.
Minimum voltage regulator output (Vrmin) (< 0). Typical value = -1.
Potential source gain (Kp) (> 0). Typical value = 4,37.
Potential circuit phase angle (thetap). Typical value = 20.
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (Kc) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,1.
Reactance associated with potential source (Xl) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,09.
Maximum excitation voltage (Vbmax) (> 0). Typical value = 8,63.
Maximum inner loop feedback voltage (Vgmax) (>= 0). Typical value = 6,53.
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (Ks1). Typical value = 0.
ExcST4B
Modified IEEE ST4B static excitation system with maximum inner loop feedback gain Vgmax.
Maximum inner loop output (Vmmax) (> ExcST4B.vmmin). Typical value = 99.
Minimum inner loop output (Vmmin) (< ExcST4B.vmmax). Typical value = -99.
uel
Selector (UEL). true = UEL is part of block diagram false = UEL is not part of block diagram. Typical value = false.
Selector (LVGate). true = LVGate is part of the block diagram false = LVGate is not part of the block diagram. Typical value = false.
ExcST6B
Modified IEEE ST6B static excitation system with PID controller and optional inner feedback loop.
Selector (K1). true = feedback is from Ifd false = feedback is not from Ifd. Typical value = true.
kcl
Exciter output current limit adjustment (Kcl) (> 0). Typical value = 1,0577.
Exciter output current limit adjustment (Kcl) (> 0). Typical value = 17,33.
kvd
Voltage regulator derivative gain (Kvd). Typical value = 0.
OEL input selector (OELin). Typical value = noOELinput (corresponds to OELin = 0 on diagram).
Rectifier firing time constant (Ts) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tvd
Voltage regulator derivative gain (Tvd) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
vilim
Selector (Vilim). true = Vimin-Vimax limiter is active false = Vimin-Vimax limiter is not active. Typical value = true.
Maximum voltage regulator input limit (Vimax) (> ExcST6B.vimin). Typical value = 10.
Minimum voltage regulator input limit (Vimin) (< ExcST6B.vimax). Typical value = -10.
vmult
Selector (vmult). true = multiply regulator output by terminal voltage false = do not multiply regulator output by terminal voltage. Typical value = true.
Excitation source reactance (Xc). Typical value = 0,05.
ExcST7B
Modified IEEE ST7B static excitation system without stator current limiter (SCL) and current compensator (DROOP) inputs.
Maximum voltage reference signal (Vmax) (> 0 and > ExcST7B.vmin)). Typical value = 1,1.
Minimum voltage reference signal (Vmin) (> 0 and < ExcST7B.vmax). Typical value = 0,9.
Overexcitation limiters (OELs) are also referred to as maximum excitation limiters and field current limiters. The possibility of voltage collapse in stressed power systems increases the importance of modelling these limiters in studies of system conditions that cause machines to operate at high levels of excitation for a sustained period, such as voltage collapse or system-islanding. Such events typically occur over a long time frame compared with transient or small-signal stability simulations.
Overexcitation limiter function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
OverexcLimIEEE
The over excitation limiter model is intended to represent the significant features of OELs necessary for some large-scale system studies. It is the result of a pragmatic approach to obtain a model that can be widely applied with attainable data from generator owners. An attempt to include all variations in the functionality of OELs and duplicate how they interact with the rest of the excitation systems would likely result in a level of application insufficient for the studies for which they are intended. Reference: IEEE OEL 421.5-2005, 9.
itfpu
OEL timed field current limiter pickup level (ITFPU). Typical value = 1,05.
ifdmax
OEL instantaneous field current limit (IFDMAX). Typical value = 1,5.
ifdlim
OEL timed field current limit (IFDLIM). Typical value = 1,05.
hyst
OEL pickup/drop-out hysteresis (HYST). Typical value = 0,03.
kcd
OEL cooldown gain (KCD). Typical value = 1.
kramp
OEL ramped limit rate (KRAMP). Unit = PU / s. Typical value = 10.
OverexcLim2
Different from LimIEEEOEL, LimOEL2 has a fixed pickup threshold and reduces the excitation set-point by means of a non-windup integral regulator. Irated is the rated machine excitation current (calculated from nameplate conditions: Vnom, Pnom, CosPhinom).
koi
Gain Over excitation limiter (KOI). Typical value = 0,1.
voimax
Maximum error signal (VOIMAX) (> OverexcLim2.voimin). Typical value = 0.
voimin
Minimum error signal (VOIMIN) (< OverexcLim2.voimax). Typical value = -9999.
Limit value of rated field current (IFDLIM). Typical value = 1,05.
OverexcLimX1
efdrated
Rated field voltage (EFDRATED). Typical value = 1,05.
Low voltage point on the inverse time characteristic (EFD1). Typical value = 1,1.
Time to trip the exciter at the low voltage point on the inverse time characteristic (TIME1) (>= 0). Typical value = 120.
Mid voltage point on the inverse time characteristic (EFD2). Typical value = 1,2.
Time to trip the exciter at the mid voltage point on the inverse time characteristic (TIME2) (>= 0). Typical value = 40.
efd3
High voltage point on the inverse time characteristic (EFD3). Typical value = 1,5.
Time to trip the exciter at the high voltage point on the inverse time characteristic (TIME3) (>= 0). Typical value = 15.
efddes
Desired field voltage (EFDDES). Typical value = 0,9.
kmx
Gain (KMX). Typical value = 0,01.
vlow
Low voltage limit (VLOW) (> 0).
OverexcLimX2
Field voltage or current overexcitation limiter designed to protect the generator field of an AC machine with automatic excitation control from overheating due to prolonged overexcitation.
(m). true = IFD limiting false = EFD limiting.
Rated field voltage if m = false or rated field current if m = true (EFDRATED). Typical value = 1,05.
Low voltage or current point on the inverse time characteristic (EFD1). Typical value = 1,1.
Time to trip the exciter at the low voltage or current point on the inverse time characteristic (TIME1) (>= 0). Typical value = 120.
Mid voltage or current point on the inverse time characteristic (EFD2). Typical value = 1,2.
Time to trip the exciter at the mid voltage or current point on the inverse time characteristic (TIME2) (>= 0). Typical value = 40.
High voltage or current point on the inverse time characteristic (EFD3). Typical value = 1,5.
Time to trip the exciter at the high voltage or current point on the inverse time characteristic (TIME3) (>= 0). Typical value = 15.
Desired field voltage if m = false or desired field current if m = true (EFDDES). Typical value = 1.
Gain (KMX). Typical value = 0,002.
Underexcitation limiters (UELs) act to boost excitation. The UEL typically senses either a combination of voltage and current of the synchronous machine or a combination of real and reactive power. Some UELs utilize a temperature or pressure recalibration feature, in which the UEL characteristic is shifted depending upon the generator cooling gas temperature or pressure.
Underexcitation limiter function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
UnderexcLimIEEE1
Type UEL1 model which has a circular limit boundary when plotted in terms of machine reactive power vs. real power output. Reference: IEEE UEL1 421.5-2005, 10.1.
kur
UEL radius setting (KUR). Typical value = 1,95.
kuc
UEL centre setting (KUC). Typical value = 1,38.
kuf
UEL excitation system stabilizer gain (KUF). Typical value = 3,3.
vurmax
UEL maximum limit for radius phasor magnitude (VURMAX). Typical value = 5,8.
vucmax
UEL maximum limit for operating point phasor magnitude (VUCMAX). Typical value = 5,8.
kui
UEL integral gain (KUI). Typical value = 0.
kul
UEL proportional gain (KUL). Typical value = 100.
vuimax
UEL integrator output maximum limit (VUIMAX) (> UnderexcLimIEEE1.vuimin).
vuimin
UEL integrator output minimum limit (VUIMIN) (< UnderexcLimIEEE1.vuimax).
tu1
UEL lead time constant (TU1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tu2
UEL lag time constant (TU2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
tu3
UEL lead time constant (TU3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tu4
UEL lag time constant (TU4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
vulmax
UEL output maximum limit (VULMAX) (> UnderexcLimIEEE1.vulmin). Typical value = 18.
vulmin
UEL output minimum limit (VULMIN) (< UnderexcLimIEEE1.vulmax). Typical value = -18.
UnderexcLimIEEE2
Type UEL2 underexcitation limiter which has either a straight-line or multi-segment characteristic when plotted in terms of machine reactive power output vs. real power output. Reference: IEEE UEL2 421.5-2005, 10.2 (limit characteristic lookup table shown in Figure 10.4 (p 32)).
tuv
Voltage filter time constant (TUV) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
tup
Real power filter time constant (TUP) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
tuq
Reactive power filter time constant (TUQ) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
UEL integral gain (KUI). Typical value = 0,5.
UEL proportional gain (KUL). Typical value = 0,8.
UEL integrator output maximum limit (VUIMAX) (> UnderexcLimIEEE2.vuimin). Typical value = 0,25.
UEL integrator output minimum limit (VUIMIN) (< UnderexcLimIEEE2.vuimax). Typical value = 0.
UEL excitation system stabilizer gain (KUF). Typical value = 0.
kfb
Gain associated with optional integrator feedback input signal to UEL (KFB). Typical value = 0.
tul
Time constant associated with optional integrator feedback input signal to UEL (TUL) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
UEL lag time constant (TU2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
UEL output maximum limit (VULMAX) (> UnderexcLimIEEE2.vulmin). Typical value = 0,25.
UEL output minimum limit (VULMIN) (< UnderexcLimIEEE2.vulmax). Typical value = 0.
Real power values for endpoints (P0). Typical value = 0.
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q0). Typical value = -0,31.
Real power values for endpoints (P1). Typical value = 0,3.
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q1). Typical value = -0,31.
Real power values for endpoints (P2). Typical value = 0,6.
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q2). Typical value = -0,28.
Real power values for endpoints (P3). Typical value = 0,9.
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q3). Typical value = -0,21.
Real power values for endpoints (P4). Typical value = 1,02.
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q4). Typical value = 0.
Real power values for endpoints (P5).
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q5).
Real power values for endpoints (P6).
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q6).
Real power values for endpoints (P7).
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q7).
Real power values for endpoints (P8).
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q8).
Real power values for endpoints (P9).
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q9).
p10
Real power values for endpoints (P10).
q10
Reactive power values for endpoints (Q10).
UEL terminal voltage exponent applied to real power input to UEL limit look-up table (k1). Typical value = 2.
UEL terminal voltage exponent applied to reactive power output from UEL limit look-up table (k2). Typical value = 2.
UnderexcLim2Simplified
Simplified type UEL2 underexcitation limiter. This model can be derived from UnderexcLimIEEE2. The limit characteristic (look –up table) is a single straight-line, the same as UnderexcLimIEEE2 (see Figure 10.4 (p 32), IEEE 421.5-2005 Section 10.2).
Segment Q initial point (Q0). Typical value = -0,31.
Segment Q end point (Q1). Typical value = -0,1.
Segment P initial point (P0). Typical value = 0.
Segment P end point (P1). Typical value = 1.
Gain Under excitation limiter (KUI). Typical value = 0,1.
Minimum error signal (VUIMIN) (< UnderexcLim2Simplified.vuimax). Typical value = 0.
Maximum error signal (VUIMAX) (> UnderexcLim2Simplified.vuimin). Typical value = 1.
UnderexcLimX1
Allis-Chalmers minimum excitation limiter.
Differential gain (KF2).
Differential time constant (TF2) (>= 0).
Minimum excitation limit gain (KM).
Minimum excitation limit time constant (TM) (>= 0).
melmax
Minimum excitation limit value (MELMAX).
Minimum excitation limit slope (K) (> 0).
UnderexcLimX2
Westinghouse minimum excitation limiter.
Excitation centre setting (QO).
The power system stabilizer (PSS) model provides an input (Vs) to the excitation system model to improve damping of system oscillations. A variety of input signals can be used depending on the particular design.
Power system stabilizer function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
PssIEEE1A
IEEE 421.5-2005 type PSS1A power system stabilizer model. PSS1A is the generalized form of a PSS with a single input signal. Reference: IEEE 1A 421.5-2005, 8.1.
inputSignalType
Type of input signal (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, generatorElectricalPower, or busFrequencyDeviation). Typical value = rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation.
PSS signal conditioning frequency filter constant (A1). Typical value = 0,061.
PSS signal conditioning frequency filter constant (A2). Typical value = 0,0017.
Lead/lag time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Lead/lag time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,03.
Lead/lag time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Lead/lag time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,03.
Washout time constant (T5) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Transducer time constant (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01.
Stabilizer gain (Ks). Typical value = 5.
Maximum stabilizer output (Vrmax) (> PssIEEE1A.vrmin). Typical value = 0,05.
Minimum stabilizer output (Vrmin) (< PssIEEE1A.vrmax). Typical value = -0,05.
PssIEEE2B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type PSS2B power system stabilizer model. This stabilizer model is designed to represent a variety of dual-input stabilizers, which normally use combinations of power and speed or frequency to derive the stabilizing signal. Reference: IEEE 2B 421.5-2005, 8.2.
inputSignal1Type
Type of input signal #1 (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, busFrequencyDeviation). Typical value = rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation.
inputSignal2Type
Type of input signal #2 (generatorElectricalPower). Typical value = generatorElectricalPower.
vsi1max
Input signal #1 maximum limit (Vsi1max) (> PssIEEE2B.vsi1min). Typical value = 2.
vsi1min
Input signal #1 minimum limit (Vsi1min) (< PssIEEE2B.vsi1max). Typical value = -2.
tw1
First washout on signal #1 (Tw1) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
tw2
Second washout on signal #1 (Tw2) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
vsi2max
Input signal #2 maximum limit (Vsi2max) (> PssIEEE2B.vsi2min). Typical value = 2.
vsi2min
Input signal #2 minimum limit (Vsi2min) (< PssIEEE2B.vsi2max). Typical value = -2.
tw3
First washout on signal #2 (Tw3) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
tw4
Second washout on signal #2 (Tw4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,12.
Lead/lag time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Lead/lag time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Time constant on signal #1 (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Time constant on signal #2 (T7) (>= 0). Typical value = 2.
Lead of ramp tracking filter (T8) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Lag of ramp tracking filter (T9) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
t10
Lead/lag time constant (T10) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
t11
Lead/lag time constant (T11) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Stabilizer gain (Ks1). Typical value = 12.
Gain on signal #2 (Ks2). Typical value = 0,2.
ks3
Gain on signal #2 input before ramp-tracking filter (Ks3). Typical value = 1.
Order of ramp tracking filter (N). Typical value = 1.
Denominator order of ramp tracking filter (M). Typical value = 5.
vstmax
Stabilizer output maximum limit (Vstmax) (> PssIEEE2B.vstmin). Typical value = 0,1.
vstmin
Stabilizer output minimum limit (Vstmin) (< PssIEEE2B.vstmax). Typical value = -0,1.
PssIEEE3B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type PSS3B power system stabilizer model. The PSS model PSS3B has dual inputs of electrical power and rotor angular frequency deviation. The signals are used to derive an equivalent mechanical power signal. This model has 2 input signals. They have the following fixed types (expressed in terms of InputSignalKind values): the first one is of rotorAngleFrequencyDeviation type and the second one is of generatorElectricalPower type. Reference: IEEE 3B 421.5-2005, 8.3.
Transducer time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,012.
Transducer time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,012.
Washout time constant (Tw1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Washout time constant (Tw2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Washout time constant (Tw3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,6.
Gain on signal # 1 (Ks1). Typical value = -0,602.
Gain on signal # 2 (Ks2). Typical value = 30,12.
Notch filter parameter (A1). Typical value = 0,359.
Notch filter parameter (A2). Typical value = 0,586.
Notch filter parameter (A3). Typical value = 0,429.
Notch filter parameter (A4). Typical value = 0,564.
Notch filter parameter (A5). Typical value = 0,001.
Notch filter parameter (A6). Typical value = 0.
Notch filter parameter (A7). Typical value = 0,031.
Notch filter parameter (A8). Typical value = 0.
Stabilizer output maximum limit (Vstmax) (> PssIEEE3B.vstmin). Typical value = 0,1.
Stabilizer output minimum limit (Vstmin) (< PssIEEE3B.vstmax). Typical value = -0,1.
PssIEEE4B
IEEE 421.5-2005 type PSS4B power system stabilizer. The PSS4B model represents a structure based on multiple working frequency bands. Three separate bands, respectively dedicated to the low-, intermediate- and high-frequency modes of oscillations, are used in this delta omega (speed input) PSS. There is an error in the in IEEE 421.5-2005 PSS4B model: the Pe input should read –Pe. This implies that the input Pe needs to be multiplied by -1. Reference: IEEE 4B 421.5-2005, 8.4. Parameter details: This model has 2 input signals. They have the following fixed types (expressed in terms of InputSignalKind values): the first one is of rotorAngleFrequencyDeviation type and the second one is of generatorElectricalPower type.
bwh1
Notch filter 1 (high-frequency band): three dB bandwidth (Bwi).
bwh2
Notch filter 2 (high-frequency band): three dB bandwidth (Bwi).
bwl1
Notch filter 1 (low-frequency band): three dB bandwidth (Bwi).
bwl2
Notch filter 2 (low-frequency band): three dB bandwidth (Bwi).
High band gain (KH). Typical value = 120.
kh1
High band differential filter gain (KH1). Typical value = 66.
kh11
High band first lead-lag blocks coefficient (KH11). Typical value = 1.
kh17
High band first lead-lag blocks coefficient (KH17). Typical value = 1.
kh2
High band differential filter gain (KH2). Typical value = 66.
Intermediate band gain (KI). Typical value = 30.
Intermediate band differential filter gain (KI1). Typical value = 66.
ki11
Intermediate band first lead-lag blocks coefficient (KI11). Typical value = 1.
ki17
Intermediate band first lead-lag blocks coefficient (KI17). Typical value = 1.
ki2
Intermediate band differential filter gain (KI2). Typical value = 66.
Low band gain (KL). Typical value = 7.5.
Low band differential filter gain (KL1). Typical value = 66.
kl11
Low band first lead-lag blocks coefficient (KL11). Typical value = 1.
kl17
Low band first lead-lag blocks coefficient (KL17). Typical value = 1.
kl2
Low band differential filter gain (KL2). Typical value = 66.
omeganh1
Notch filter 1 (high-frequency band): filter frequency (omegani).
omeganh2
Notch filter 2 (high-frequency band): filter frequency (omegani).
omeganl1
Notch filter 1 (low-frequency band): filter frequency (omegani).
omeganl2
Notch filter 2 (low-frequency band): filter frequency (omegani).
th1
High band time constant (TH1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01513.
th10
High band time constant (TH10) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th11
High band time constant (TH11) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th12
High band time constant (TH12) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th2
High band time constant (TH2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01816.
th3
High band time constant (TH3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th4
High band time constant (TH4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th5
High band time constant (TH5) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th6
High band time constant (TH6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
th7
High band time constant (TH7) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,01816.
th8
High band time constant (TH8) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02179.
th9
High band time constant (TH9) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Intermediate band time constant (TI1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,173.
ti10
Intermediate band time constant (TI10) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ti11
Intermediate band time constant (TI11) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ti12
Intermediate band time constant (TI12) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ti2
Intermediate band time constant (TI2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2075.
Intermediate band time constant (TI3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Intermediate band time constant (TI4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ti5
Intermediate band time constant (TI5) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ti6
Intermediate band time constant (TI6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ti7
Intermediate band time constant (TI7) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2075.
ti8
Intermediate band time constant (TI8) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2491.
ti9
Intermediate band time constant (TI9) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl1
Low band time constant (TL1) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,73.
tl10
Low band time constant (TL10) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl11
Low band time constant (TL11) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl12
Low band time constant (TL12) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl2
Low band time constant (TL2) (>= 0). Typical value = 2,075.
tl3
Low band time constant (TL3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl4
Low band time constant (TL4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl5
Low band time constant (TL5) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl6
Low band time constant (TL6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
tl7
Low band time constant (TL7) (>= 0). Typical value = 2,075.
tl8
Low band time constant (TL8) (>= 0). Typical value = 2,491.
tl9
Low band time constant (TL9) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
High band output maximum limit (VHmax) (> PssIEEE4B.vhmin). Typical value = 0,6.
vhmin
High band output minimum limit (VHmin) (< PssIEEE4V.vhmax). Typical value = -0,6.
Intermediate band output maximum limit (VImax) (> PssIEEE4B.vimin). Typical value = 0,6.
Intermediate band output minimum limit (VImin) (< PssIEEE4B.vimax). Typical value = -0,6.
vlmax
Low band output maximum limit (VLmax) (> PssIEEE4B.vlmin). Typical value = 0,075.
vlmin
Low band output minimum limit (VLmin) (< PssIEEE4B.vlmax). Typical value = -0,075.
PSS output maximum limit (VSTmax) (> PssIEEE4B.vstmin). Typical value = 0,15.
PSS output minimum limit (VSTmin) (< PssIEEE4B.vstmax). Typical value = -0,15.
Pss1
Italian PSS with three inputs (speed, frequency, power).
komega
Shaft speed power input gain (Komega). Typical value = 0.
Frequency power input gain (KF). Typical value = 5.
kpe
Electric power input gain (KPE). Typical value = 0,3.
Minimum power PSS enabling (Pmin). Typical value = 0,25.
PSS gain (Ks). Typical value = 1.
vsmn
Stabilizer output maximum limit (VSMN). Typical value = -0,06.
vsmx
Stabilizer output minimum limit (VSMX). Typical value = 0,06.
Electric power filter time constant (TPE) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
Washout (T5) (>= 0). Typical value = 3,5.
Filter time constant (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (T7) (>= 0). If = 0, both blocks are bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (T8) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (T9) (>= 0). If = 0, both blocks are bypassed. Typical value = 0.
vadat
Signal selector (VADAT). true = closed (generator power is greater than Pmin) false = open (Pe is smaller than Pmin). Typical value = true.
Pss1A
Single input power system stabilizer. It is a modified version in order to allow representation of various vendors' implementations on PSS type 1A.
Type of input signal (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, busFrequencyDeviation, generatorElectricalPower, generatorAcceleratingPower, busVoltage, or busVoltageDerivative).
Notch filter parameter (A1).
Notch filter parameter (A2).
Lead/lag time constant (T1) (>= 0).
Lead/lag time constant (T2) (>= 0).
Lead/lag time constant (T3) (>= 0).
Lead/lag time constant (T4) (>= 0).
Washout time constant (T5) (>= 0).
Transducer time constant (T6) (>= 0).
Stabilizer gain (Ks).
Maximum stabilizer output (Vrmax) (> Pss1A.vrmin).
Minimum stabilizer output (Vrmin) (< Pss1A.vrmax).
vcu
Stabilizer input cutoff threshold (Vcu).
vcl
Stabilizer input cutoff threshold (Vcl).
Notch filter parameter (A3).
Notch filter parameter (A4).
Notch filter parameter (A5).
Notch filter parameter (A6).
Notch filter parameter (A7).
Notch filter parameter (A8).
Selector (Kd). true = e-sTdelay used false = e-sTdelay not used.
tdelay
Time constant (Tdelay) (>= 0).
Pss2B
Modified IEEE PSS2B. Extra lead/lag (or rate) block added at end (up to 4 lead/lags total).
Input signal #1 maximum limit (Vsi1max) (> Pss2B.vsi1min). Typical value = 2.
Input signal #1 minimum limit (Vsi1min) (< Pss2B.vsi1max). Typical value = -2.
Input signal #2 maximum limit (Vsi2max) (> Pss2B.vsi2min). Typical value = 2.
Input signal #2 minimum limit (Vsi2min) (< Pss2B.vsi2max). Typical value = -2.
ks4
Gain on signal #2 input after ramp-tracking filter (Ks4). Typical value = 1.
Stabilizer output maximum limit (Vstmax) (> Pss2B.vstmin). Typical value = 0,1.
Stabilizer output minimum limit (Vstmin) (< Pss2B.vstmax). Typical value = -0,1.
Numerator constant (a). Typical value = 1.
Lead constant (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lag time constant (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Pss2ST
PTI microprocessor-based stabilizer type 1.
Type of input signal #1 (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, busFrequencyDeviation, generatorElectricalPower, generatorAcceleratingPower, busVoltage, or busVoltageDerivative - shall be different than Pss2ST.inputSignal2Type). Typical value = rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation.
Type of input signal #2 (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, busFrequencyDeviation, generatorElectricalPower, generatorAcceleratingPower, busVoltage, or busVoltageDerivative - shall be different than Pss2ST.inputSignal1Type). Typical value = busVoltageDerivative.
Time constant (T7) (>= 0).
Time constant (T8) (>= 0).
Time constant (T9) (>= 0).
lsmax
Limiter (LSMAX) (> Pss2ST.lsmin).
lsmin
Limiter (LSMIN) (< Pss2ST.lsmax).
Cutoff limiter (VCU).
Cutoff limiter (VCL).
Pss5
Frequency/shaft speed input gain (KF). Typical value = 5.
isfreq
Selector for frequency/shaft speed input (isFreq). true = speed (same meaning as InputSignaKind.rotorSpeed) false = frequency (same meaning as InputSignalKind.busFrequency). Typical value = true (same meaning as InputSignalKind.rotorSpeed).
kpss
PSS gain (KPSS). Typical value = 1.
ctw2
Selector for second washout enabling (CTW2). true = second washout filter is bypassed false = second washout filter in use. Typical value = true.
First washout (TW1) (>= 0). Typical value = 3,5.
Second washout (TW2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (TL1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (TL2) (>= 0). If = 0, both blocks are bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (TL3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead/lag time constant (TL4) (>= 0). If = 0, both blocks are bypassed. Typical value = 0.
Stabilizer output maximum limit (VSMN). Typical value = -0,1.
Stabilizer output minimum limit (VSMX). Typical value = 0,1.
deadband
Stabilizer output deadband (DEADBAND). Typical value = 0.
Signal selector (VadAtt). true = closed (generator power is greater than Pmin) false = open (Pe is smaller than Pmin). Typical value = true.
PssELIN2
Power system stabilizer typically associated with ExcELIN2 (though PssIEEE2B or Pss2B can also be used).
Time constant (Ts1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Time constant (Ts2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ts3
Time constant (Ts3) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
ts4
Time constant (Ts4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
ts5
Time constant (Ts5) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
ts6
Time constant (Ts6) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Gain (Ks2). Typical value = 0,1.
ppss
Coefficient (p_PSS) (>= 0 and <= 4). Typical value = 0,1.
apss
Coefficient (a_PSS). Typical value = 0,1.
psslim
PSS limiter (psslim). Typical value = 0,1.
PssPTIST1
Time constant (Tf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Time constant (Tp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,3.
Time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,2.
Time constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,05.
dtf
Time step frequency calculation (deltatf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,025.
Time step related to activation of controls (deltatc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,025.
dtp
Time step active power calculation (deltatp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,0125.
PssPTIST3
PTI microprocessor-based stabilizer type 3.
Time step frequency calculation (deltatf) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,025 (0,03 for 50 Hz).
Time step related to activation of controls (deltatc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,025 (0,03 for 50 Hz).
Time step active power calculation (deltatp) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,0125 (0,015 for 50 Hz).
athres
Threshold value above which output averaging will be bypassed (Athres). Typical value = 0,005.
lthres
isw
Digital/analogue output switch (Isw). true = produce analogue output false = convert to digital output, using tap selection table.
nav
Number of control outputs to average (NAV) (1 <= NAV <= 16). Typical value = 4.
ncl
Number of counts at limit to active limit function (NCL) (> 0).
ncr
Number of counts until reset after limit function is triggered (NCR).
PssRQB
Power system stabilizer type RQB. This power system stabilizer is intended to be used together with excitation system type ExcRQB, which is primarily used in nuclear or thermal generating units.
Speed input gain (Ki2). Typical value = 3,43.
ki3
Electrical power input gain (Ki3). Typical value = -11,45.
ki4
Mechanical power input gain (Ki4). Typical value = 11,86.
tomd
Speed delay (TOMD) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
tomsl
Speed time constant (TOMSL) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,04.
t4mom
Speed time constant (T4MOM) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,27.
sibv
Speed deadband (SIBV). Typical value = 0,006.
kdpm
Lead lag gain (KDPM). Typical value = 0,185.
t4f
Lead lag time constant (T4F) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,045.
PssSB4
Time constant (Tt) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,18.
tx2
Time constant (Tx2) (>= 0). Typical value = 5,0.
Time constant (Ta) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,37.
tx1
Reset time constant (Tx1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,035.
Time constant (Tb) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,37.
Time constant (Tc) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,035.
Time constant (Td) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,0.
Time constant (Te) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,0169.
vsmax
Limiter (Vsmax) (> PssSB4.vsmin). Typical value = 0,062.
vsmin
Limiter (Vsmin) (< PssSB4.vsmax). Typical value = -0,062.
PssSH
SiemensTM “H infinity” power system stabilizer with generator electrical power input. [Footnote: Siemens "H infinity" power system stabilizers are an example of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these products.]
Main gain (K). Typical value = 1.
Gain 0 (K0). Typical value = 0,012.
Gain 1 (K1). Typical value = 0,488.
Gain 2 (K2). Typical value = 0,064.
Gain 3 (K3). Typical value = 0,224.
Gain 4 (K4). Typical value = 0,1.
Input time constant (Td) (>= 0). Typical value = 10.
Time constant 1 (T1) (> 0). Typical value = 0,076.
Time constant 2 (T2) (> 0). Typical value = 0,086.
Time constant 3 (T3) (> 0). Typical value = 1,068.
Time constant 4 (T4) (> 0). Typical value = 1,913.
Output maximum limit (Vsmax) (> PssSH.vsmin). Typical value = 0,1.
Output minimum limit (Vsmin) (< PssSH.vsmax). Typical value = -0,1.
PssSK
Gain P (K1). Typical value = -0,3.
Denominator time constant (T1) (> 0,005). Typical value = 0,3.
Filter time constant (T2) (> 0,005). Typical value = 0,35.
Denominator time constant (T3) (> 0,005). Typical value = 0,22.
Filter time constant (T4) (> 0,005). Typical value = 0,02.
Denominator time constant (T5) (> 0,005). Typical value = 0,02.
Filter time constant (T6) (> 0,005). Typical value = 0,02.
Stabilizer output maximum limit (VSMAX) (> PssSK.vsmin). Typical value = 0,4.
Stabilizer output minimum limit (VSMIN) (< PssSK.vsmax). Typical value = -0.4.
PssSTAB2A
Power system stabilizer part of an ABB excitation system. [Footnote: ABB excitation systems are an example of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these products.]
Gain (K3). Typical value = 0,25.
Gain (K4). Typical value = 0,075.
Time constant (T2). Typical value = 4,0.
Time constant (T3). Typical value = 2,0.
Time constant (T5). Typical value = 4,5.
hlim
Stabilizer output limiter (HLIM). Typical value = 0,5.
PssWECC
Dual input power system stabilizer, based on IEEE type 2, with modified output limiter defined by WECC (Western Electricity Coordinating Council, USA).
Type of input signal #1 (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, busFrequencyDeviation, generatorElectricalPower, generatorAcceleratingPower, busVoltage, or busVoltageDerivative - shall be different than PssWECC.inputSignal2Type). Typical value = rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation.
Type of input signal #2 (rotorAngularFrequencyDeviation, busFrequencyDeviation, generatorElectricalPower, generatorAcceleratingPower, busVoltage, busVoltageDerivative - shall be different than PssWECC.inputSignal1Type). Typical value = busVoltageDerivative.
Input signal 1 gain (K1). Typical value = 1,13.
Input signal 1 transducer time constant (T1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,037.
Input signal 2 gain (K2). Typical value = 0,0.
Input signal 2 transducer time constant (T2) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,0.
Stabilizer washout time constant (T3) (>= 0). Typical value = 9,5.
Stabilizer washout time lag constant (T4) (>= 0). Typical value = 9,5.
Lead time constant (T5) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,7.
Lag time constant (T6) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,5.
Lead time constant (T7) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,7.
Lag time constant (T8) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,5.
Lag time constant (T10) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Lead time constant (T9) (>= 0). Typical value = 0.
Maximum output signal (Vsmax) (> PssWECC.vsmin). Typical value = 0,05.
Minimum output signal (Vsmin) (< PssWECC.vsmax). Typical value = -0,05.
Maximum value for voltage compensator output (VCU). Typical value = 0.
Minimum value for voltage compensator output (VCL). Typical value = 0.
In certain system configurations, continuous excitation control with terminal voltage and power system stabilizing regulator input signals does not ensure that the potential of the excitation system for improving system stability is fully exploited. For these situations, discontinuous excitation control signals can be employed to enhance stability following large transient disturbances. For additional information please refer to IEEE 421.5-2005, 12.
Discontinuous excitation control function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A
IEEE type DEC1A discontinuous excitation control model that boosts generator excitation to a level higher than that demanded by the voltage regulator and stabilizer immediately following a system fault. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 12.2.
vtlmt
Voltage reference (VTLMT). Typical value = 1,1.
vomax
Limiter (VOMAX) (> DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vomin). Typical value = 0,3.
vomin
Limiter (VOMIN) (< DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vomax). Typical value = 0,1.
ketl
Terminal voltage limiter gain (KETL). Typical value = 47.
vtc
Terminal voltage level reference (VTC). Typical value = 0,95.
val
Regulator voltage reference (VAL). Typical value = 5,5.
esc
Speed change reference (ESC). Typical value = 0,0015.
kan
Discontinuous controller gain (KAN). Typical value = 400.
tan
Discontinuous controller time constant (TAN) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
tw5
DEC washout time constant (TW5) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
Limiter (VSMAX)(> DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vsmin). Typical value = 0,2.
Limiter (VSMIN) (< DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vsmax). Typical value = -0,066.
Time constant (TD) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,03.
Time constant (TL1) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,025.
Time constant (TL2) (>= 0). Typical value = 1,25.
vtm
Voltage limits (VTM). Typical value = 1,13.
vtn
Voltage limits (VTN). Typical value = 1,12.
vanmax
Limiter for Van (VANMAX).
DiscExcContIEEEDEC2A
IEEE type DEC2A model for discontinuous excitation control. This system provides transient excitation boosting via an open-loop control as initiated by a trigger signal generated remotely. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005 12.3.
Discontinuous controller input reference (VK).
td1
Discontinuous controller time constant (TD1) (>= 0).
td2
Discontinuous controller washout time constant (TD2) (>= 0).
vdmin
Limiter (VDMIN) (< DiscExcContIEEEDEC2A.vdmax).
vdmax
Limiter (VDMAX) (> DiscExcContIEEEDEC2A.vdmin).
DiscExcContIEEEDEC3A
IEEE type DEC3A model. In some systems, the stabilizer output is disconnected from the regulator immediately following a severe fault to prevent the stabilizer from competing with action of voltage regulator during the first swing. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005 12.4.
Terminal undervoltage comparison level (VTMIN).
Reset time delay (TDR) (>= 0).
Excitation systems for synchronous machines are sometimes supplied with an optional means of automatically adjusting generator output reactive power (VAr) or power factor (PF) to a user-specified value. This can be accomplished with either a reactive power or power factor controller or regulator. A reactive power or power factor controller is defined as a PF/VAr controller in IEEE 421.1 as “a control function that acts through the reference adjuster to modify the voltage regulator set point to maintain the synchronous machine steady-state power factor or reactive power at a predetermined value.” For additional information please refer to IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.
Power factor or VAr controller type 1 function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
Power factor or VAr controller type 1 model with which this voltage adjuster is associated.
VoltageAdjusterDynamics
Voltage adjuster model associated with this power factor or VAr controller type 1 model.
PFVArType1IEEEPFController
IEEE PF controller type 1 which operates by moving the voltage reference directly. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.2.
ovex
Overexcitation Flag (OVEX) true = overexcited false = underexcited.
tpfc
PF controller time delay (TPFC) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
vitmin
Minimum machine terminal current needed to enable pf/var controller (VITMIN).
vpf
Synchronous machine power factor (VPF).
vpfcbw
PF controller deadband (VPFC_BW). Typical value = 0,05.
vpfref
PF controller reference (VPFREF).
vvtmax
Maximum machine terminal voltage needed for pf/var controller to be enabled (VVTMAX) (> PFVArType1IEEEPFController.vvtmin).
vvtmin
Minimum machine terminal voltage needed to enable pf/var controller (VVTMIN) (< PFVArType1IEEEPFController.vvtmax).
PFVArType1IEEEVArController
IEEE VAR controller type 1 which operates by moving the voltage reference directly. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.3.
tvarc
Var controller time delay (TVARC) (>= 0). Typical value = 5.
vvar
Synchronous machine power factor (VVAR).
vvarcbw
Var controller deadband (VVARC_BW). Typical value = 0,02.
vvarref
Var controller reference (VVARREF).
Maximum machine terminal voltage needed for pf/VAr controller to be enabled (VVTMAX) (> PVFArType1IEEEVArController.vvtmin).
Minimum machine terminal voltage needed to enable pf/var controller (VVTMIN) (< PVFArType1IEEEVArController.vvtmax).
A voltage adjuster is a reference adjuster that uses inputs from a reactive power or power factor controller to modify the voltage regulator set point to maintain the synchronous machine steady-state power factor or reactive power at a predetermined value. For additional information please refer to IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.
Voltage adjuster function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
VAdjIEEE
IEEE voltage adjuster which is used to represent the voltage adjuster in either a power factor or VAr control system. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.1.
vadjf
Set high to provide a continuous raise or lower (VADJF).
adjslew
Rate at which output of adjuster changes (ADJ_SLEW). Unit = s / PU. Typical value = 300.
vadjmax
Maximum output of the adjuster (VADJMAX) (> VAdjIEEE.vadjmin). Typical value = 1,1.
vadjmin
Minimum output of the adjuster (VADJMIN) (< VAdjIEEE.vadjmax). Typical value = 0,9.
taon
Time that adjuster pulses are on (TAON) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
taoff
Time that adjuster pulses are off (TAOFF) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,5.
A var/pf regulator is defined as “a synchronous machine regulator that functions to maintain the power factor or reactive component of power at a predetermined value.” For additional information please refer to IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.
Power factor or VAr controller type 2 function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
PFVArType2IEEEPFController
IEEE PF controller type 2 which is a summing point type controller making up the outside loop of a two-loop system. This controller is implemented as a slow PI type controller. The voltage regulator forms the inner loop and is implemented as a fast controller. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.4.
pfref
Power factor reference (PFREF).
vref
Voltage regulator reference (VREF).
vclmt
Maximum output of the pf controller (VCLMT). Typical value = 0,1.
Proportional gain of the pf controller (KP). Typical value = 1.
Integral gain of the pf controller (KI). Typical value = 1.
Generator sensing voltage (VS).
exlon
Overexcitation or under excitation flag (EXLON) true = 1 (not in the overexcitation or underexcitation state, integral action is active) false = 0 (in the overexcitation or underexcitation state, so integral action is disabled to allow the limiter to play its role).
PFVArType2IEEEVArController
IEEE VAR controller type 2 which is a summing point type controller. It makes up the outside loop of a two-loop system. This controller is implemented as a slow PI type controller, and the voltage regulator forms the inner loop and is implemented as a fast controller. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 11.5.
qref
Reactive power reference (QREF).
Maximum output of the pf controller (VCLMT).
Proportional gain of the pf controller (KP).
Integral gain of the pf controller (KI).
PFVArType2Common1
Power factor / reactive power regulator. This model represents the power factor or reactive power controller such as the Basler SCP-250. The controller measures power factor or reactive power (PU on generator rated power) and compares it with the operator's set point. [Footnote: Basler SCP-250 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of this product.]
Selector (J). true = control mode for reactive power false = control mode for power factor.
max
ref
Reference value of reactive power or power factor (Ref). The reference value is initialised by this model. This initialisation can override the value exchanged by this attribute to represent a plant operator's change of the reference setting.
Synchronous machine terminal voltage transducer and current compensator models adjust the terminal voltage feedback to the excitation system by adding a quantity that is proportional to the terminal current of the generator. It is linked to a specific generator (synchronous machine). Several types of compensation are available on most excitation systems. Synchronous machine active and reactive current compensation are the most common. Either reactive droop compensation and/or line-drop compensation can be used, simulating an impedance drop and effectively regulating at some point other than the terminals of the machine. The impedance or range of adjustment and type of compensation should be specified for different types. Care shall be taken to ensure that a consistent PU system is utilized for the compensator parameters and the synchronous machine current base. For further information see IEEE 421.5-2005, 4.
Voltage compensator function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
VCompIEEEType1
Terminal voltage transducer and load compensator as defined in IEEE 421.5-2005, 4. This model is common to all excitation system models described in the IEEE Standard. Parameter details: If Rc and Xc are set to zero, the load compensation is not employed and the behaviour is as a simple sensing circuit. If all parameters (Rc, Xc and Tr) are set to zero, the standard model VCompIEEEType1 is bypassed. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005 4.
Resistive component of compensation of a generator (Rc) (>= 0).
Reactive component of compensation of a generator (Xc) (>= 0).
Time constant which is used for the combined voltage sensing and compensation signal (Tr) (>= 0).
VCompIEEEType2
Terminal voltage transducer and load compensator as defined in IEEE 421.5-2005, 4. This model is designed to cover the following types of compensation: reactive droop; transformer-drop or line-drop compensation; reactive differential compensation known also as cross-current compensation. Reference: IEEE 421.5-2005, 4.
VcompIEEEType2
The standard IEEE type 2 voltage compensator of this compensation.
Compensation of this voltage compensator's generator for current flow out of another generator.
Resistive and reactive components of compensation for generator associated with IEEE type 2 voltage compensator for current flow out of another generator in the interconnection.
rcij
Resistive component of compensation of generator associated with this IEEE type 2 voltage compensator for current flow out of another generator (Rcij).
xcij
Reactive component of compensation of generator associated with this IEEE type 2 voltage compensator for current flow out of another generator (Xcij).
WindDynamics
Wind turbines are generally divided into four types, which are currently significant in power systems. The four types have the following characteristics: - type 1: wind turbine with directly grid connected asynchronous generator with fixed rotor resistance (typically squirrel cage); - type 2: wind turbine with directly grid connected asynchronous generator with variable rotor resistance; - type 3: wind turbines with doubly-fed asynchronous generators (directly connected stator and rotor connected through power converter); - type 4: wind turbines connected to the grid through a full size power converter. Models included in this package are according to IEC 61400-27-1:2015.
WindAeroConstIEC
Constant aerodynamic torque model which assumes that the aerodynamic torque is constant. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.1.1.
Wind aerodynamic model associated with this wind turbine type 1A model.
WindGenTurbineType1aIEC
Wind turbine type 1A model with which this wind aerodynamic model is associated.
WindAeroOneDimIEC
One-dimensional aerodynamic model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.1.2.
Aerodynamic gain (ka). It is a type-dependent parameter.
thetaomega
Initial pitch angle (thetaomega0). It is a case-dependent parameter.
Wind aerodynamic model associated with this wind generator type 3 model.
WindTurbineType3IEC
Wind turbine type 3 model with which this wind aerodynamic model is associated.
WindAeroTwoDimIEC
Two-dimensional aerodynamic model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.1.3.
dpomega
Partial derivative of aerodynamic power with respect to changes in WTR speed (dpomega). It is a type-dependent parameter.
dptheta
Partial derivative of aerodynamic power with respect to changes in pitch angle (dptheta). It is a type-dependent parameter.
dpv1
Partial derivative (dpv1). It is a type-dependent parameter.
omegazero
Rotor speed if the wind turbine is not derated (omega0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
pavail
Available aerodynamic power (pavail). It is a case-dependent parameter.
thetazero
Pitch angle if the wind turbine is not derated (theta0). It is a case-dependent parameter.
thetav2
Blade angle at twice rated wind speed (thetav2). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind aerodynamic model associated with this wind turbine type 3 model.
WindContCurrLimIEC
Current limitation model. The current limitation model combines the physical limits and the control limits. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.8.
Maximum continuous current at the wind turbine terminals (imax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
imaxdip
Maximum current during voltage dip at the wind turbine terminals (imaxdip). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kpqu
Partial derivative of reactive current limit (Kpqu) versus voltage. It is a type-dependent parameter.
mdfslim
Limitation of type 3 stator current (MDFSLim). MDFSLim = 1 for wind turbines type 4. It is a type-dependent parameter. false= total current limitation (0 in the IEC model) true=stator current limitation (1 in the IEC model).
mqpri
Prioritisation of Q control during UVRT (Mqpri). It is a project-dependent parameter. true = reactive power priority (1 in the IEC model) false = active power priority (0 in the IEC model).
tufiltcl
Voltage measurement filter time constant (Tufiltcl) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
upqumax
Wind turbine voltage in the operation point where zero reactive current can be delivered (upqumax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
WindTurbineType3or4IEC
Wind turbine type 3 or type 4 model with which this wind control current limitation model is associated.
Wind control current limitation model associated with this wind turbine type 3 or type 4 model.
WindDynamicsLookupTable
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this current control limitation model.
The current control limitation model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
WindContPitchAngleIEC
Pitch angle control model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.2.
dthetamax
Maximum pitch positive ramp rate (dthetamax) (> WindContPitchAngleIEC.dthetamin). It is a type-dependent parameter. Unit = degrees / s.
dthetamin
Maximum pitch negative ramp rate (dthetamin) (< WindContPitchAngleIEC.dthetamax). It is a type-dependent parameter. Unit = degrees / s.
Power PI controller integration gain (KIc). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kiomega
Speed PI controller integration gain (KIomega). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Power PI controller proportional gain (KPc). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kpomega
Speed PI controller proportional gain (KPomega). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kpx
Pitch cross coupling gain (KPX). It is a type-dependent parameter.
thetamax
Maximum pitch angle (thetamax) (> WindContPitchAngleIEC.thetamin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
thetamin
Minimum pitch angle (thetamin) (< WindContPitchAngleIEC.thetamax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
ttheta
Pitch time constant (ttheta) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind control pitch angle model associated with this wind turbine type 3.
Wind turbine type 3 model with which this pitch control model is associated.
WindContPType3IEC
P control model type 3. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.4.
dpmax
Maximum wind turbine power ramp rate (dpmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
dprefmax
Maximum ramp rate of wind turbine reference power (dprefmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
dprefmin
Minimum ramp rate of wind turbine reference power (dprefmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
Ramp limitation of torque, required in some grid codes (dtmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
dthetamaxuvrt
Limitation of torque rise rate during UVRT (dthetamaxUVRT). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kdtd
Gain for active drive train damping (KDTD). It is a type-dependent parameter.
PI controller integration parameter (KIp). It is a type-dependent parameter.
PI controller proportional gain (KPp). It is a type-dependent parameter.
mpuvrt
Enable UVRT power control mode (MpUVRT). It is a project-dependent parameter. true = voltage control (1 in the IEC model) false = reactive power control (0 in the IEC model).
omegaoffset
Offset to reference value that limits controller action during rotor speed changes (omegaoffset). It is a case-dependent parameter.
pdtdmax
Maximum active drive train damping power (pDTDmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tdvs
Time delay after deep voltage sags (TDVS) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
thetaemin
Minimum electrical generator torque (temin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
thetauscale
Voltage scaling factor of reset-torque (tuscale). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tomegafiltp3
Filter time constant for generator speed measurement (Tomegafiltp3) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tpfiltp3
Filter time constant for power measurement (Tpfiltp3) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tpord
Time constant in power order lag (Tpord). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tufiltp3
Filter time constant for voltage measurement (Tufiltp3) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tomegaref
Time constant in speed reference filter (Tomega,ref) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
udvs
Voltage limit for hold UVRT status after deep voltage sags (uDVS). It is a project-dependent parameter.
updip
Voltage dip threshold for P-control (uPdip). Part of turbine control, often different (e.g 0.8) from converter thresholds. It is a project-dependent parameter.
omegadtd
Active drive train damping frequency (omegaDTD). It can be calculated from two mass model parameters. It is a type-dependent parameter.
zeta
Coefficient for active drive train damping (zeta). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind control P type 3 model associated with this wind turbine type 3 model.
Wind turbine type 3 model with which this wind control P type 3 model is associated.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this P control type 3 model.
The P control type 3 model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
WindContPType4aIEC
P control model type 4A. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.5.
dpmaxp4a
Maximum wind turbine power ramp rate (dpmaxp4A). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tpordp4a
Time constant in power order lag (Tpordp4A) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tufiltp4a
Voltage measurement filter time constant (Tufiltp4A) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
WindTurbineType4aIEC
Wind turbine type 4A model with which this wind control P type 4A model is associated.
Wind control P type 4A model associated with this wind turbine type 4A model.
WindContPType4bIEC
P control model type 4B. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.6.
dpmaxp4b
Maximum wind turbine power ramp rate (dpmaxp4B). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tpaero
Time constant in aerodynamic power response (Tpaero) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tpordp4b
Time constant in power order lag (Tpordp4B) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tufiltp4b
Voltage measurement filter time constant (Tufiltp4B) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
WindTurbineType4bIEC
Wind turbine type 4B model with which this wind control P type 4B model is associated.
Wind control P type 4B model associated with this wind turbine type 4B model.
WindContQIEC
iqh1
Maximum reactive current injection during dip (iqh1). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Maximum reactive current injection (iqmax) (> WindContQIEC.iqmin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
iqmin
Minimum reactive current injection (iqmin) (< WindContQIEC.iqmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
iqpost
Post fault reactive current injection (iqpost). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiq
Reactive power PI controller integration gain (KI,q). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kiu
Voltage PI controller integration gain (KI,u). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kpq
Reactive power PI controller proportional gain (KP,q). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kpu
Voltage PI controller proportional gain (KP,u). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kqv
Voltage scaling factor for UVRT current (Kqv). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tpfiltq
Power measurement filter time constant (Tpfiltq) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
rdroop
Resistive component of voltage drop impedance (rdroop) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tufiltq
Voltage measurement filter time constant (Tufiltq) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tpost
Length of time period where post fault reactive power is injected (Tpost) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tqord
Time constant in reactive power order lag (Tqord) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
udb1
Voltage deadband lower limit (udb1). It is a type-dependent parameter.
udb2
Voltage deadband upper limit (udb2). It is a type-dependent parameter.
umax
Maximum voltage in voltage PI controller integral term (umax) (> WindContQIEC.umin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
umin
Minimum voltage in voltage PI controller integral term (umin) (< WindContQIEC.umax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
uqdip
Voltage threshold for UVRT detection in Q control (uqdip). It is a type-dependent parameter.
uref0
User-defined bias in voltage reference (uref0). It is a case-dependent parameter.
windQcontrolModesType
Types of general wind turbine Q control modes (MqG). It is a project-dependent parameter.
windUVRTQcontrolModesType
Types of UVRT Q control modes (MqUVRT). It is a project-dependent parameter.
xdroop
Inductive component of voltage drop impedance (xdroop) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
Wind turbine type 3 or type 4 model with which this reactive control model is associated.
WIndContQIEC
Wind control Q model associated with this wind turbine type 3 or type 4 model.
WindContQLimIEC
Constant Q limitation model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.9.
qmax
Maximum reactive power (qmax) (> WindContQLimIEC.qmin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
qmin
Minimum reactive power (qmin) (< WindContQLimIEC.qmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind generator type 3 or type 4 model with which this constant Q limitation model is associated.
Constant Q limitation model associated with this wind generator type 3 or type 4 model.
WindContQPQULimIEC
QP and QU limitation model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.10.
tpfiltql
Power measurement filter time constant for Q capacity (Tpfiltql) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tufiltql
Voltage measurement filter time constant for Q capacity (Tufiltql) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind generator type 3 or type 4 model with which this QP and QU limitation model is associated.
QP and QU limitation model associated with this wind generator type 3 or type 4 model.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this QP and QU limitation model.
The QP and QU limitation model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
WindContRotorRIEC
Rotor resistance control model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.3.
kirr
Integral gain in rotor resistance PI controller (KIrr). It is a type-dependent parameter.
komegafilt
Filter gain for generator speed measurement (Komegafilt). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kpfilt
Filter gain for power measurement (Kpfilt). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kprr
Proportional gain in rotor resistance PI controller (KPrr). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Maximum rotor resistance (rmax) (> WindContRotorRIEC.rmin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
rmin
Minimum rotor resistance (rmin) (< WindContRotorRIEC.rmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tomegafiltrr
Filter time constant for generator speed measurement (Tomegafiltrr) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tpfiltrr
Filter time constant for power measurement (Tpfiltrr) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
The rotor resistance control model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this rotor resistance control model.
WindGenTurbineType2IEC
Wind turbine type 2 model with whitch this wind control rotor resistance model is associated.
Wind control rotor resistance model associated with wind turbine type 2 model.
Look up table for the purpose of wind standard models.
input
Input value (x) for the lookup table function.
lookupTableFunctionType
output
Output value (y) for the lookup table function.
sequence
Sequence numbers of the pairs of the input (x) and the output (y) of the lookup table function.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this frequency and active power wind plant model.
WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC
The frequency and active power wind plant control model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this grid protection model.
WindProtectionIEC
The grid protection model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this voltage and reactive power wind plant model.
WindPlantReactiveControlIEC
The voltage and reactive power wind plant control model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this generator type 3B model.
WindGenType3bIEC
The generator type 3B model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
WindPitchContPowerIEC
The pitch control power model with which this wind dynamics lookup table is associated.
The wind dynamics lookup table associated with this pitch control power model.
Wind turbine IEC type 1A. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.5.2.2.
WindGenTurbineType1bIEC
Wind turbine IEC type 1B. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.5.2.3.
Wind turbine type 1B model with which this pitch control power model is associated.
Pitch control power model associated with this wind turbine type 1B model.
Wind turbine IEC type 2. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.5.3.
Wind turbine type 2 model with which this pitch control power model is associated.
Pitch control power model associated with this wind turbine type 2 model.
WindGenType3aIEC
IEC type 3A generator set model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.3.2.
Current PI controller proportional gain (KPc). It is a type-dependent parameter.
tic
Current PI controller integration time constant (TIc) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
WindTurbineType4IEC
Wind turbine type 4 model with which this wind generator type 3A model is associated.
Wind generator type 3A model associated with this wind turbine type 4 model.
IEC type 3B generator set model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.3.3.
mwtcwp
Crowbar control mode (MWTcwp). It is a case-dependent parameter. true = 1 in the IEC model false = 0 in the IEC model.
Current generation time constant (Tg) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
two
Time constant for crowbar washout filter (Two) (>= 0). It is a case-dependent parameter.
WindGenType3IEC
Parent class supporting relationships to IEC wind turbines type 3 generator models of IEC type 3A and 3B.
dipmax
Maximum active current ramp rate (dipmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
diqmax
Maximum reactive current ramp rate (diqmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
Electromagnetic transient reactance (xS). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind turbine type 3 model with which this wind generator type 3 is associated.
Wind generator type 3 model associated with this wind turbine type 3 model.
WindGenType4IEC
IEC type 4 generator set model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.3.4.
diqmin
Minimum reactive current ramp rate (diqmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
Time constant (Tg) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind turbine type 4A model with which this wind generator type 4 model is associated.
Wind generator type 4 model associated with this wind turbine type 4A model.
Wind turbine type 4B model with which this wind generator type 4 model is associated.
Wind generator type 4 model associated with this wind turbine type 4B model.
WindMechIEC
cdrt
Drive train damping (cdrt). It is a type-dependent parameter.
hgen
Inertia constant of generator (Hgen) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
hwtr
Inertia constant of wind turbine rotor (HWTR) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
kdrt
Drive train stiffness (kdrt). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind mechanical model associated with this wind turbine type 3 model.
Wind turbine type 3 model with which this wind mechanical model is associated.
WindTurbineType1or2IEC
Wind generator type 1 or type 2 model with which this wind mechanical model is associated.
Wind mechanical model associated with this wind generator type 1 or type 2 model.
Wind turbine type 4B model with which this wind mechanical model is associated.
Wind mechanical model associated with this wind turbine type 4B model.
Pitch control power model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.5.1.
Rate limit for increasing power (dpmax) (> WindPitchContPowerIEC.dpmin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
dpmin
Rate limit for decreasing power (dpmin) (< WindPitchContPowerIEC.dpmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Minimum power setting (pmin). It is a type-dependent parameter.
pset
If pinit < pset then power will be ramped down to pmin. It is (pset) in the IEC 61400-27-1:2015. It is a type-dependent parameter.
Lag time constant (T1) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Voltage measurement time constant (Tr) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
uuvrt
Dip detection threshold (uUVRT). It is a type-dependent parameter.
Parent class supporting relationships to wind turbines type 3 and type 4 and wind plant IEC and user-defined wind plants including their control models.
The wind turbine type 3 or type 4 associated with this wind plant.
The wind plant with which the wind turbines type 3 or type 4 are associated.
Frequency and active power controller model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, Annex D.
Maximum ramp rate of pWTref request from the plant controller to the wind turbines (dprefmax) (> WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.dprefmin). It is a case-dependent parameter.
Minimum (negative) ramp rate of pWTref request from the plant controller to the wind turbines (dprefmin) (< WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.dprefmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
dpwprefmax
Maximum positive ramp rate for wind plant power reference (dpWPrefmax) (> WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.dpwprefmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
dpwprefmin
Maximum negative ramp rate for wind plant power reference (dpWPrefmin) (< WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.dpwprefmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
prefmax
Maximum pWTref request from the plant controller to the wind turbines (prefmax) (> WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.prefmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
prefmin
Minimum pWTref request from the plant controller to the wind turbines (prefmin) (< WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.prefmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiwpp
Plant P controller integral gain (KIWPp). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiwppmax
Maximum PI integrator term (KIWPpmax) (> WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.kiwppmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiwppmin
Minimum PI integrator term (KIWPpmin) (< WindPlantFreqPcontrolIEC.kiwppmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kpwpp
Plant P controller proportional gain (KPWPp). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kwppref
Power reference gain (KWPpref). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tpft
Lead time constant in reference value transfer function (Tpft) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tpfv
Lag time constant in reference value transfer function (Tpfv) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
twpffiltp
Filter time constant for frequency measurement (TWPffiltp) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
twppfiltp
Filter time constant for active power measurement (TWPpfiltp) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
WindPlantIEC
Wind plant model with which this wind plant frequency and active power control is associated.
Wind plant frequency and active power control model associated with this wind plant.
Simplified IEC type plant level model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, Annex D.
Wind plant reactive control model associated with this wind plant.
Wind plant model with which this wind reactive control is associated.
Simplified plant voltage and reactive power control model for use with type 3 and type 4 wind turbine models. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, Annex D.
dxrefmax
Maximum positive ramp rate for wind turbine reactive power/voltage reference (dxrefmax) (> WindPlantReactiveControlIEC.dxrefmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
dxrefmin
Maximum negative ramp rate for wind turbine reactive power/voltage reference (dxrefmin) (< WindPlantReactiveControlIEC.dxrefmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiwpx
Plant Q controller integral gain (KIWPx). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiwpxmax
Maximum reactive power/voltage reference from integration (KIWPxmax) (> WindPlantReactiveControlIEC.kiwpxmin). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kiwpxmin
Minimum reactive power/voltage reference from integration (KIWPxmin) (< WindPlantReactiveControlIEC.kiwpxmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kpwpx
Plant Q controller proportional gain (KPWPx). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kwpqref
Reactive power reference gain (KWPqref). It is a project-dependent parameter.
kwpqu
Plant voltage control droop (KWPqu). It is a project-dependent parameter.
tuqfilt
Filter time constant for voltage-dependent reactive power (Tuqfilt) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
twppfiltq
Filter time constant for active power measurement (TWPpfiltq) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
twpqfiltq
Filter time constant for reactive power measurement (TWPqfiltq) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
twpufiltq
Filter time constant for voltage measurement (TWPufiltq) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
txft
Lead time constant in reference value transfer function (Txft) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
txfv
Lag time constant in reference value transfer function (Txfv) (>= 0). It is a project-dependent parameter.
uwpqdip
Voltage threshold for UVRT detection in Q control (uWPqdip). It is a project-dependent parameter.
windPlantQcontrolModesType
Reactive power/voltage controller mode (MWPqmode). It is a case-dependent parameter.
xrefmax
Maximum xWTref (qWTref or delta uWTref) request from the plant controller (xrefmax) (> WindPlantReactiveControlIEC.xrefmin). It is a case-dependent parameter.
xrefmin
Minimum xWTref (qWTref or delta uWTref) request from the plant controller (xrefmin) (< WindPlantReactiveControlIEC.xrefmax). It is a project-dependent parameter.
The grid protection model includes protection against over- and under-voltage, and against over- and under-frequency. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.6.
dfimax
Maximum rate of change of frequency (dFmax). It is a type-dependent parameter.
fover
Wind turbine over frequency protection activation threshold (fover). It is a project-dependent parameter.
funder
Wind turbine under frequency protection activation threshold (funder). It is a project-dependent parameter.
mzc
Zero crossing measurement mode (Mzc). It is a type-dependent parameter. true = WT protection system uses zero crossings to detect frequency (1 in the IEC model) false = WT protection system does not use zero crossings to detect frequency (0 in the IEC model).
tfma
Time interval of moving average window (TfMA) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
uover
Wind turbine over voltage protection activation threshold (uover). It is a project-dependent parameter.
uunder
Wind turbine under voltage protection activation threshold (uunder). It is a project-dependent parameter.
Wind generator type 3 or type 4 model with which this wind turbine protection model is associated.
Wind turbune protection model associated with this wind generator type 3 or type 4 model.
Wind generator type 1 or type 2 model with which this wind turbine protection model is associated.
Wind turbune protection model associated with this wind generator type 1 or type 2 model.
WindRefFrameRotIEC
Reference frame rotation model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.6.3.5.
tpll
Time constant for PLL first order filter model (TPLL) (>= 0). It is a type-dependent parameter.
upll1
Voltage below which the angle of the voltage is filtered and possibly also frozen (uPLL1). It is a type-dependent parameter.
upll2
Voltage (uPLL2) below which the angle of the voltage is frozen if uPLL2 is smaller or equal to uPLL1 . It is a type-dependent parameter.
Wind turbine type 3 or type 4 model with which this reference frame rotation model is associated.
Reference frame rotation model associated with this wind turbine type 3 or type 4 model.
Parent class supporting relationships to wind turbines type 1 and type 2 and their control models. Generator model for wind turbine of type 1 or type 2 is a standard asynchronous generator model.
Parent class supporting relationships to IEC wind turbines type 1 and type 2 including their control models. Generator model for wind turbine of IEC type 1 or type 2 is a standard asynchronous generator model. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.5.2 and 5.5.3.
Parent class supporting relationships to IEC wind turbines type 3 including their control models.
Parent class supporting relationships to wind turbines type 3 and type 4 and wind plant including their control models.
Parent class supporting relationships to IEC wind turbines type 3 and type 4 including their control models.
Wind turbine IEC type 4A. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.5.5.2.
Wind turbine IEC type 4B. Reference: IEC 61400-27-1:2015, 5.5.5.3.
Parent class supporting relationships to IEC wind turbines type 4 including their control models.
Dynamic load models are used to represent the dynamic real and reactive load behaviour of a load from the static power flow model. Dynamic load models can be defined as applying either to a single load (energy consumer) or to a group of energy consumers. Large industrial motors or groups of similar motors can be represented by a synchronous machine model (SynchronousMachineDynamics) or an asynchronous machine model (AsynchronousMachineDynamics), which are usually represented as generators with negative active power output in the static (power flow) data.
LoadComposite
Combined static load and induction motor load effects. The dynamics of the motor are simplified by linearizing the induction machine equations.
epvs
Active load-voltage dependence index (static) (Epvs). Typical value = 0,7.
epfs
Active load-frequency dependence index (static) (Epfs). Typical value = 1,5.
eqvs
Reactive load-voltage dependence index (static) (Eqvs). Typical value = 2.
eqfs
Reactive load-frequency dependence index (static) (Eqfs). Typical value = 0.
epvd
Active load-voltage dependence index (dynamic) (Epvd). Typical value = 0,7.
epfd
Active load-frequency dependence index (dynamic) (Epfd). Typical value = 1,5.
eqvd
Reactive load-voltage dependence index (dynamic) (Eqvd). Typical value = 2.
eqfd
Reactive load-frequency dependence index (dynamic) (Eqfd). Typical value = 0.
lfac
Loading factor (Lfac). The ratio of initial P to motor MVA base. Typical value = 0,8.
Inertia constant (H) (>= 0). Typical value = 2,5.
pfrac
Fraction of constant-power load to be represented by this motor model (PFRAC) (>= 0,0 and <= 1,0). Typical value = 0,5.
LoadGenericNonLinear
Generic non-linear dynamic (GNLD) load. This model can be used in mid-term and long-term voltage stability simulations (i.e., to study voltage collapse), as it can replace a more detailed representation of aggregate load, including induction motors, thermostatically controlled and static loads.
genericNonLinearLoadModelType
Time constant of lag function of active power (TP) (> 0).
Time constant of lag function of reactive power (TQ) (> 0).
Steady state voltage index for active power (LS).
Transient voltage index for active power (LT).
Steady state voltage index for reactive power (BS).
Transient voltage index for reactive power (BT).
Load whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model. A standard feature of dynamic load behaviour modelling is the ability to associate the same behaviour to multiple energy consumers by means of a single load definition. The load model is always applied to individual bus loads (energy consumers).
LoadAggregate
Aggregate loads are used to represent all or part of the real and reactive load from one or more loads in the static (power flow) data. This load is usually the aggregation of many individual load devices and the load model is an approximate representation of the aggregate response of the load devices to system disturbances. Standard aggregate load model comprised of static and/or dynamic components. A static load model represents the sensitivity of the real and reactive power consumed by the load to the amplitude and frequency of the bus voltage. A dynamic load model can be used to represent the aggregate response of the motor components of the load.
Aggregate load to which this aggregate motor (dynamic) load belongs.
LoadMotor
Aggregate motor (dynamic) load associated with this aggregate load.
Aggregate load to which this aggregate static load belongs.
LoadStatic
Aggregate static load associated with this aggregate load.
General static load. This model represents the sensitivity of the real and reactive power consumed by the load to the amplitude and frequency of the bus voltage.
staticLoadModelType
Type of static load model. Typical value = constantZ.
kp1
First term voltage coefficient for active power (Kp1). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kp2
Second term voltage coefficient for active power (Kp2). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kp3
Third term voltage coefficient for active power (Kp3). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kp4
Frequency coefficient for active power (Kp4) (not = 0 if .staticLoadModelType = zIP2). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = zIP2.
ep1
First term voltage exponent for active power (Ep1). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = exponential.
ep2
Second term voltage exponent for active power (Ep2). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = exponential.
ep3
Third term voltage exponent for active power (Ep3). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = exponential.
kpf
Frequency deviation coefficient for active power (Kpf). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kq1
First term voltage coefficient for reactive power (Kq1). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kq2
Second term voltage coefficient for reactive power (Kq2). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kq3
Third term voltage coefficient for reactive power (Kq3). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
kq4
Frequency coefficient for reactive power (Kq4) (not = 0 when .staticLoadModelType = zIP2). Used only when .staticLoadModelType - zIP2.
eq1
First term voltage exponent for reactive power (Eq1). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = exponential.
eq2
Second term voltage exponent for reactive power (Eq2). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = exponential.
eq3
Third term voltage exponent for reactive power (Eq3). Used only when .staticLoadModelType = exponential.
kqf
Frequency deviation coefficient for reactive power (Kqf). Not used when .staticLoadModelType = constantZ.
Aggregate induction motor load. This model is used to represent a fraction of an ordinary load as "induction motor load". It allows a load that is treated as an ordinary constant power in power flow analysis to be represented by an induction motor in dynamic simulation. This model is intended for representation of aggregations of many motors dispersed through a load represented at a high voltage bus but where there is no information on the characteristics of individual motors. Either a "one-cage" or "two-cage" model of the induction machine can be modelled. Magnetic saturation is not modelled. This model treats a fraction of the constant power part of a load as a motor. During initialisation, the initial power drawn by the motor is set equal to Pfrac times the constant P part of the static load. The remainder of the load is left as a static load. The reactive power demand of the motor is calculated during initialisation as a function of voltage at the load bus. This reactive power demand can be less than or greater than the constant Q component of the load. If the motor's reactive demand is greater than the constant Q component of the load, the model inserts a shunt capacitor at the terminal of the motor to bring its reactive demand down to equal the constant Q reactive load. If an induction motor load model and a static load model are both present for a load, the motor Pfrac is assumed to be subtracted from the power flow constant P load before the static load model is applied. The remainder of the load, if any, is then represented by the static load model.
Fraction of constant-power load to be represented by this motor model (Pfrac) (>= 0,0 and <= 1,0). Typical value = 0,3.
Synchronous reactance (Ls). Typical value = 3,2.
Transient reactance (Lp). Typical value = 0,15.
lpp
Subtransient reactance (Lpp). Typical value = 0,15.
Stator resistance (Ra). Typical value = 0.
Transient rotor time constant (Tpo) (>= 0). Typical value = 1.
Subtransient rotor time constant (Tppo) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,02.
Inertia constant (H) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,4.
Damping factor (D). Unit = delta P/delta speed. Typical value = 2.
Voltage threshold for tripping (Vt). Typical value = 0,7.
Voltage trip pickup time (Tv) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,1.
tbkr
Circuit breaker operating time (Tbkr) (>= 0). Typical value = 0,08.
HVDCDynamics
High voltage direct current (HVDC) models.
CSC function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
HVDC whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
VSC function block whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.
Static var compensator whose behaviour is described by reference to a standard model or by definition of a user-defined model.