SII 3.207: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri FIVE CHOLA COPPER-PLATES FROM TIRUKKALAR. No. 207.—TIRUKKALAR PLATE OF RAJENDRA-CHOLA I. author of digital edition Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris, CEIAS DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0207 DHARMAbase

These are five copper-plates belonging to the Pārijātavanēśvara temple at Tirukkaḷar, a village ten miles south-east of Mannārguḍi in the Tanjore districtSewell's Lists of Antiquities, Vol. I, p. 280.. A short notice of these appeared in Dr. Hultzsch's Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1902—03, paragraph 17. The report also contains a list of 23 stone inscriptions which were copied from the same temple.Nos. 642 to 655 of the Madras Epigraphical collection for 1902. They belong to the reigns of the Chōḷa kings Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājādhirāja, Rājarāja, Vīrarājēndra and Kulōttuṅga, the Pāṇḍya kings Jaṭāvarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Śrīvallabha and Māṟavarman Kulaśēkhara and the Vijayanagara sovereigns Viruppaṇṇa and Vīra-Bhūpati. These five copper-plates, strung on a copper-ring of 5" diameter, have flat rims, measure 1'(7/8)" x 5(1/2)" each, weigh together 566 tolas and have ring-holes bored in the middle of the left margin about an inch from the edge. They contain in them five complete inscriptions of different Chōḷa kings. The first of them, which is also the earliest, is a record of Parakēsarivarman Rājēndra-Chōḷa I who ascended the Chōḷa throne in A.D. 1012. It begins with the king's usual historical introduction commencing with the words tiru maṉṉi vaḷara, enumerates his conquests up to the capture of Kaḍāram, is dated in the 18th year of his reign and registers the extent of the dēvadāna lands belong-ing to the temple of Mahādēva at Tirukkaḷar which is said to be a village in Puṟaṅgarambai-nāḍu, a subdivision of Arumoḻidēva-vaḷanāḍu.

Compared with the inscription of this king found at TirumalaiEdited in Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, pp. 229 ff., dated in the 13th year of reign and his Tanjore epigraphAbove, Vol. II, pp. 105 ff. No. 20., dated in the 19th year of reign, the present inscription furnishes a few differences in reading which are noticed in foot-notes.

The identification of all the place names occurring in the historical introduction has been made by Professor HultzschEp. Ind., Vol. IX, pp. 230-1., and it remains to note here only a few facts in this connection. Iḍaituṟai-nāḍu which has been taken to be Yeḍatore, a small village in the Mysore district by Mr. Rice, has since been shown by Dr. Fleet to be identical with the territorial division Eḍedoṟe, two thousand, a tract of country lying between the rivers Kṛishṇā on the north and Tuṅgabhadrā on the south, comprising a large part of the present Raichur districtIbid, Vol. XII, p. 296.. The Kanyākumāri inscription of Vīrarājēndra shows that Maṇṇaikaḍakkam is not to be identified with Maṇṇe in the Nelamaṅgala taluk of the Bangalore district but is the same as Mānyakhēṭa, which Rājēndra-Chōḷa is said to have made a playground for his armiesTrav. Arch. Series, Vol. III, pp. 119 and 156.. Chakkara-kōṭṭam has been satisfactorily identified by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal with Chitrakūṭa or ºkōṭa, eight miles from Rājapura in the Bastar State: he has also adduced epigraphical evidence to show that its king was really Dhārāvarsha in A.D. 1111Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, p. 179. Mr. Hira Lal would substitute “Kulōttuṅga conquered king Dhārāvarsha at Chakrakōṭṭa” for “Kulōttuṅga conquered the king of Dhārā at Chakrakōṭṭam”: See foot-note 2., as stated in the epigraphs of Kulōttuṅga I. Dakshiṇa-Lāḍam has been taken to be Dakashiṇa-Virāṭa or Southern Berars; but it looks likely that it is identical with Dakshiṇa-Rāḍha in BengalMemoirs of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. LXI, p. 7 ff.. Śrī-Vijaya appears under the form Śrī-Vishaya in a Kaṇḍiyūr inscriptionAnnual Report on Epigraphy for 1894-5, paragraph 12. of the same king; and the large Leyden grant states that Māravijayōt-tuṅgavarman was the overlord of this territoryArch. Survey of Southern India, Vol. IV, p. 218.. This has been taken to be the same as San-fotsai of the Chinese annals and has been identified with Palembang, a residency of SumatraEncyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. XXVI, p. 73 and Ep. Ind., Vol. XVII, p. 313..

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svasti śrī . tiru maṉṉi vaḷara Irunilamaṭantaiyum porccayappāvaiyum cīrtta ṉic celviyun taṉ perunteviyarāki yiṉpuṟa neṭitiya lūḻiyu ḷiṭaituṟai nāṭum tuṭarvaṉavelip paṭar vaṉavāciyum cūuḷḷic cūḻūmatiṭ koḷḷippākkaiyu m naṇṇaṟ karumaraṇ maṇṇai kkaṭakkamum porutaṭarīḻattaraiyarta muṭiyu māṅkavar teviya roṅkeḻiṉmuṭiyu muṉṉavar pakkaṟ ṟeṉṉavar vaitta cuntaramuṭiyu mintiranāramun te ṇṭirai yīḻamaṇṭala muḻuvatum Eṟipaṭaik keraḷar muṟaimaiyiṟ cūṭuṅ kulataṉa mākiya palar pukaḻ muṭiyum ceṅkatirmālaiyum caṅkatir velait tolpe ruṅkāvaṟ pala paḻantīvum ceruviṟ ciṉavi lirupattorukā laraicukaḷai kaṭṭa paracurā maṉ mevaruñ cāntimattīvaraṇ karuti yiruttiya cempoṟ ṟiruttaku muṭiyum payaṅko ṭu paḻi mika muyaṅkiyil mutukiṭṭoḷitta cayaciṅkaṉ Aḷapperum pukaḻoṭu piṭiyialiraṭṭapāṭi yeḻa rai yilakkamum navaṉetikkulapperumalaikaḷum vīikkiramavīrar cakkarakoṭṭamu mutirvaṭavallai matu ra maṇṭalamum kāmiṭaivaḷa nāmaṇaiykkoṇaiyum veñcilai vīrar pañcappaḷḷiyum pācaṭaippa ḻaṉa mācuṇitecamum Ayarvilvaṇpūrttiyaiyātiñakaravaiyiṟ cantiraṉ ṟolkulattintirātaṉai vi ḷaiyamarkkaḷattuk kiḷaiyoṭum piṭittup palataṉattoṭu niṟaikulataṉakkuvaiyum kiṭ ṭaruñce

ṟimiḷai yoṭṭaviṣaiyamum pūcurar cer nalk kocalaiñāṭum taṉmapālaṉai vemmuṉai yaḻittu va ṇṭuṟai colait taṇṭaputtiyum Iraṇacūraṉai muraṇuka ttākkit tikkaṇai kīrttit takkaṇalāṭamum ko vintacantaṉ māviḻintoṭat taṅkāta cāral vaṅkāḷatecamum toṭukaḻaṟ caṅkuvoṭṭal mayipālaṉai ve ñcamar viḷākat tañcuvittaruḷi yoṇṭiṟal yāṉaiyum peṇṭir paṇṭāramum nittila neṭuṅkaṭalu ttiralāṭamum veṟimalarttīrat teṟipuṉaṟ kaṅkaiyum Alaikaṭaṉaṭuvaṭ palakalañ celuttic caṅkirāma vijaiyottuṅkapaṉmaṉākiya kaṭārattaraiyaṉai vākaiyam porukaṭakkumpakkari yoṭu makappaṭut turimaiyiṟ piṟakkiya perunetip piṟakkamum Ārttavaṉakaṉakarp po rttoḻil vācalil viccātara totoraṇamu moyttoḷir puṉaimaṇipputavamum kaṉa maṇikkatavamum niṟai śrīvijaiyamum tuṟainīrppaṉṉaiyu maṉmalaiyūreyiṟ ṟoṉ malai rum Āḻkaṭalakaḻcūḻ māyiruṭiṅkamum kalaṅkā valviṉai yilaṅkācopamum kāppuṟu niṟai puṉal māppappāḷamum kāvalampuricai mevilimpaṅkamum viḷaippain tūṟuṭai vaḷaippaintū ṟum kalaittakkor pukaḻ talaittakkolamum tīyatamāvalviṉai mātamaliṅkamuṅ kalāmutir kaṭuntiṟal Ilāmu ritecamum teṉakkalar poḻil māṉakkavāramun toṭukaḻaṟkāvaṟ kaṭumuraṭ kaṭāramu māpporu taṇṭāṟ koṭa ko pparakecaripaṉmarāṉa Uṭaiyār śrīrājentiracoḻatevarkku yāṇṭu patiṉeṭṭāvatu Arumoḻitevava ḷanāṭṭu puṟaṅkarampai nāṭṭu veṅkūrkkaḷa tirukkaḷar mahādevar devatānam nilam 1/2 10 9 khamapanṉilam vaḷaiyiṟcuṟṟu mikiutikkuṟaivu Uḷḷaṭaṅka . .

yiṉpuṟa Tr. reads iṉpuṟu. Here and in the following foot-notes, Tr. denotes the Tirumalai inscription of Rājēndra-Chōḷa I, published in Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, pp. 229 ff. neṭitiyal Here and in the following foot-notes, Tj. denotes the Tanjore inscription of Rājēndra-Chōḷa I published in Vol. II, above, pp. 105 ff. Tj. and Tr. read neṭutiyal. cūḻū° cūḻ is the reading in Tr. and Tj. karumaraṇ muraṇ is the reading in Tr. and Tj. porutaṭa This reading occurs in Nos. 9, 10 and 82 of South-Ind. Inscrs., Vol. II. muyaṅkiyil Tr. has mucaṅkiyal, while Tj. reads muyaṅkiyal. The change of ca and ya is quite ordinary. Aḷapperum Tj. has Aḷapparum. piṭiyial Tr. and Tj. read piṭiyal. Correct piṭiyil into piṭiyal mutir Tr. reads paṭa. vaḷa nāmaṇaiykkoṇaiyum In place of vaḷa nāmaṇaiykkoṇaiyum, Tr. reads vaḷaiy nāmaṇaikkoṇamum, but Tj. has vaḷanāmaṇai kkoṇaiyum. veñcilai For veñcilai (= of fierce arrow) of Tr. and Tk., Tj. has veñciṉa (= of fierce anger). pācaṭaippa ḻaṉa mācuṇitecamum For pācaṭai paḻaṇamācuṇi tecamum of Tj. and Tk., Tr. has pācuṭai paḻanaṉ mācuṇitecamum. vaṇpūrttiyaiyātiñakara vaṇpūrttiyai yātiñakar of the Tk., generally occurs as vaṇkirtti āti nakar (Tr. and Tj.). The change of nakar into ñakar is correct. kulattintirātaṉai For kulattintirātaṉai of Tj. and Tk., Tr. has kulattirataṉai where ntira is perhaps omitted before rataṉai. kiṭ ṭaruñ For kiṭṭaruñ of Tj. and Tk., Tr. has ciṭṭarum which is perhaps an engraver's mistake. muraṇuka For muṟaṇuka of Tj. and Tk., Tr. has muraṇuṟa. toṭukaḻaṟ caṅkuvoṭṭal The reading toṭu kaḻaṟ caṅkuvoṭṭal agrees with that given in Tj., but Tr. has caṅku koṭṭaṉ. veṟimalarttīrat teṟipuṉaṟ kaṅkaiyum While Tj. reads veṟimalarttīrttat teṟipuṉalkkaṅkai, Tr. has veṟimaṇaṟṟīrttat teṟipuṉaṟkaṅkai; and Tk. veṟimalarttīrat teṟipuṉaṟkaṅkai. ṉaṭuvaṭ For ṉaṭuvaṭ of Tk., ṉaṭuvuṭ is the reading in Tj. Both are correct. vākaiyam While Tk. reads vākaiyam, Tj. has vākayam. porukaṭakkumpakkari In place of kaṭakkumpakkari, an Uttaramallūr inscription reads kaṭal kumpakkari. (see note 6 on page 107 above). viccātara A different reading of this is viccātira: see South-Ind. Inscrs., Vol. II, p. 107. śrīvijaiyamum Tj. reads śrīvicaiyamum and one of the Tirupvallam inscritions reads cīrvicaiyamum. maṉmalai Tj. reads vaṉmalai. yilaṅkācopamum Read Ilaṅkācokamum as in Tj. viḷaippain tū Tj. reads viḷaippantū. vaḷaippaintū Tj. reads vaḷaippantū. tīyata Tj. has tita. mātamaliṅkamuṅ mātamaliṅkamum occurs as mātamāliṅkamum in Tj. teṉakkalar For teṉakkalar, Tj. has teṉakkavār. kaḻaṟkāvaṟ kaṭalkkāval is the reading in Tj.

Hail! Prosperity! In the eighteenth year (of the reign of) king Parakēsari-varman alias Uḍaiyār Śrī-Rājēndra-Chōḷadēva, in (his) life of high pros-perity, while Tiru (Lakshmī), having become constant, was increasing, (and) while the goddess of the great earth, the goddess of victory in battle, and the matchless goddess of fame rejoiced to have become his great queens,—conquered with (his) great, warlike army (the following):

Iḍaiduṟai-nāḍu, Vanavāsi, whose unbroken hedge of forest (trees) was extending; Koḷḷippākkai, whose walls were surrounded with brushwood; Maṇṇaikkaḍakkam, whose fortification was unapproachable; the crown of the king of Īḻam who came to close quarters in fighting; the exeedingly fine crowns of the queens of that (king); the beautiful crown and Indra's pearl necklace, which the king of the south (i.e., the Pāṇḍya) had previously deposited with that (king of Īḻam); the whole Īḻa-maṇḍala (on) the transparent sea; the crown praised by many and the garland emitting beautiful rays, family treasures, which the (kings of) Kēraḷa, whose armies possessing missile weapons, rightfully wore; many ancient islands whose old, great guard was the ocean which resounds with its conches; the crown of pure gold, worthy of Tiru (Lakshmī) which Paraśurāma, having considered the fortifications of Śāndimattīvu impregnable, had deposited (there), when, in anger (he) bound the kings twenty-one times in battle; the seven and a half lakshas of Iraṭṭapāḍi (which was) strong by nature, (and which he took), together with immeasurable fame, (from) Jayasiṁha, who, out of fear, turned his back at Muśaṅgi and hid himself (thus earning) great infame; the principal great mountains (which contained) the nine treasures (of Kubēra); Śakkarakōṭṭam (guarded by) brave warriors; the ancient and strong northern Madura-maṇḍala; Nāmaṇaikkōṇam, which was surrounded by dense groves; Pañchapaḷḷi (protected by) warriors (who bore) cruel bows; the moth (-grown) ancient Māśuṇidēśa; a large heap of family-treasures, together with many (other) treasures (which he carried away) after having captured Indraratha of the old race of the moon, together with (his) family, in a fight which took place in the beautiful city of Ādinagar, filled with unceasing abundance; Oḍḍa-vishaya, which was difficult to approach, (and which he subdued in) close fight; the good Kōśalai-nāḍu, where Brāhmaṇas abounded; Daṇḍabutti, in whose gardens beetles abounded (and which he acquired) after having destroyed Dharmapāla (in) a hot battle; Takkaṇa-Lāḍam, whose fame reached (all) directions (and which he occupied) after having forcibly attacked Raṇaśūra; Vaṅgāḷa-dēśa, where the rain-wind never stopped (and from which) Gōvindachandra fled, having descended (from his) male elephant; elephants of rare strength and treasures of women, (which he seized), after having been pleased to put to fright on a hot battle-field, Mahīpāla, decked (as he was) with ear-rings, slippers and bracelets; Uttira-Lāḍam in the neighbourhood of the expansive ocean abounding in pearls; and the Gaṅgā, whose waters dashed against the banks filled with fragrant flowers; and (who), having despatched many ships in the midst of the rolling sea and having caught Samgrāma-vijayōttuṅgavarman, the king of Kaḍāram, along with (his) rutting elephants, which put up rare fight and brought victory,—(took) the large heap of treasures, which (that king) had rightfully accumulated; the (arch called) Vidyādhara-tōraṇa put up at the “gate” of his wide inland city provided with accoutrements of war; the “jewel-gate”, adorned with great splendour; the “gate of large jewels” the prosperous Śrī-Vishaiya; Paṉṉai with a ghat of (bathing) water; the ancient Malaiyūr (with) a fort situated on a fine hill; Māyiruḍiṅgam, surrounded by the deep sea (as) a moat; Ilaṅgāśōgam (i.e., Laṅkāśōka) undaunted (in) fierce battles; Māppappāḷam, having abundant high waters as defence; Mēvilimbaṅgam, having fine walls as defence; Vaḷaippandūṟu, possessing (both) cultivated land (?) and jungle; the principal (city of) Takkōlam, praised by great men (versed in) the sciences; the island of Mādamaliṅgam, of strong battlements; Ilāmuri-dēśam, provided with scientifically ripe excessive strength; the great Nakkavāram, whose gardens (abounded in) flowers dribbling honey; and Kaḍāram, of fierce strength, protected by foot-soldiers wearing kaḻal; the dēvadāna lands (belonging to the temple) of the Mahādēva at Veṅgūrkkaḷa-Tirukkaḷar in Puṟaṅgarambai-nāḍu (a sub-division) of Arumoḻidēva-vaḷanāḍu, measured (1/2) (vēli) 19(1/4), (1/160) and . . . Here is a figure resembling pa.. This land was inclusive of excess and deficiency (in measurement) of the surrounding parts.

Digital edition of SII 3.207 by converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

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