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<title>Tiruvicalūr, Śivayoganāthasvāmin temple, time of Kōṉēriṉmaikoṇṭāṉ, year 6, day 185</title>
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<resp>author of digital edition</resp>
<persName ref="part:nica">
<forename>Nicolas</forename>
<surname>Cane</surname>
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<persName ref="part:emfr">
<forename>Emmanuel</forename>
<surname>Francis</surname>
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<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Nicolas Cane.</p>
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<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no 809994).</p>
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<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī
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<p>
kōn-erI<g type="fleuron"/>ṉ<surplus>m</surplus>mai-koṇṭāṉ
maṇ<unclear>ṇi-nāṭ‡ṭu</unclear> <hi rend="grantha">prahma</hi>-teyam taṉiyūr vempaṟṟūr <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yārkku taṅkaḷūr mutal-āy varukiṉṟa ner
<lb n="2" break="no"/>vāya-cem-poṉ mu-v-āyirattu-t to<supplied reason="omitted">ḷ</supplied>ḷāyirat<unclear>tu-p</unclear> ‡ patiṉ kaḻañcē mu-k-kālēy muṉṟu mañcāṭiyilum
namakku yāṇṭu 6-vatu nāṉ nūṟṟ' eṇ
<lb n="3" break="no"/>-<unclear>pa</unclear>tt' aiñciṉāl
<list>
<item>
paḻaiyāṟṟu nam viṭṭiṉuḷḷāl nammācciy<supplied reason="omitted">ār</supplied> kōyili‡ṉ muṉpiṟkūṭattu nāmm irukka naṅ ka<unclear>ru</unclear>mam ārāykiṉṟa parittik=k-uṭaiyāṉ kotu
<lb n="4" break="no"/>kula-vaṉcāttaṉ-āṉa para-kēcari-mūvēntavēḷāṉ vempaṟṟūr-t tiru-vicalūr-t tēvarkku ‡ <hi rend="grantha">saṃ</hi>kirānti toṟu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> nūṟṟ' eṭṭu-k ‡ kalacam <unclear>ā</unclear>ṭiyar uḷavum nicata
<lb n="5" break="no"/>m <hi rend="grantha">A<reg>r</reg>ddha</hi>yāma nā-ṉāḻi y-ariciyāṟ pōṉakam Amurtu ceyt-aruḷavum namakk-āka namm āc‡ciy<supplied reason="omitted">ār</supplied> vempaṟṟūrilē-y ‡ nāṉkē-y mu-k-kāl nilam vi
<lb n="6" break="no"/>laikk-āka-k koṇṭu namak=ku yāṇṭu muṉṟ-āvatu muta‡l namaṉamāṭi y-aruḷuvi‡ttu Amutu ceyvittu vārā ni
<lb n="7" break="no"/>ṉṟātu In-nilam nāṉkē-y mu-k-kālum I‡v-vempaṟṟūr muṉ muta‡l-āy varukiṉṟa nervāyattil
<lb n="8"/>nāṟpatt' eḻu ka<supplied reason="omitted">ḻa</supplied>ñc' arai poṉ yāṇṭu Āṟ-ā‡vatu mutal curukki vēṇ‡ṭum eṉṟu namak=ku-c colla
</item>
<item>
<lb n="9"/>vempaṟṟūr tiru-vicalūr-t tēvar <hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>ṅkirānti to‡ṟum nūṟṟ' eṭṭu-k= kalacam ‡ namaṉamāṭi y-aruḷavum nica
<lb n="10" break="no"/><gap extent="unknown" reason="lost" unit="character"/> ṉāḻi y-ariciyiṉ pō<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>akam <gap extent="unknown" reason="lost" unit="character"/> <unclear>ce</unclear>‡yt-aruḷavum <gap extent="unknown" reason="lost" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap extent="unknown" reason="lost" unit="character"/> vempaṟṟūr <unclear>vi</unclear>laik=ku
<lb n="11" break="no"/>-k koṇṭa nilam nāṉ<unclear>ke-y</unclear> mu-k-kālum Iv=-vempaṟṟūr muṉ ‡ mutal-āy varukiṉṟa ner‡vāyattil nā<unclear>ṟ</unclear>patt' eḻu-<unclear>k= ka</unclear>ḻañ
<lb n="12" break="no"/>c' arai-y poṉ yāṇṭu Ā<unclear>ṟ-āva</unclear>tu muta<supplied reason="omitted">l</supplied> curukkiya-k koḷka v-eṉ‡ṟu nāñ colla
</item>
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namm ‡ {ō}<!--EF: why here?-->lai-y-eḻutuñ cēvakaṉ Aru
<lb n="13" break="no"/>ḷaṉṉuttamaṉiti-y-eḻuttiṉālu namm ō<choice><orig>ll</orig><reg>l</reg></choice>l<choice><orig>aiy</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice> nāya<unclear>ka</unclear>‡ṉ veḷāṉ-kaṇṭar-ātit‡taṉ-āṉa m<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>ṉavaṉ muvēnta
<lb n="14" break="no"/>vēḷāṉum veḷāṉaṇṇāṉumm oppiṭṭu-p puttakatti‡ṭiṉ paṭiyē-y va‡riyil iṭṭu-k koḷ<supplied reason="omitted">ka</supplied> v-eṉṟu
<lb n="15"/>nām colla</item>
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naṅ karumam ārāyum parittikk-uṭaiyāṉ ‡ kotukulavaṉ cātta‡ṉ-āṉa parakēcari-muvēntavē
<lb n="16" break="no"/>ḷāṉum ciṟṟiṅkaṇ-uṭaiyāṉ kōyi<unclear>l</unclear> mayilai-y-āṉa maturā‡ntaka-muvēntavē‡ḷāṉum Āṇattiyāl puravu
<lb n="17" break="no"/>-var<choice><orig>iy</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>-p-pottaka-kiḻavaṉ <unclear>A</unclear>ṭika<supplied reason="omitted">ḷ</supplied> nakkaṉum kiraikaḷḷ-uṭaiyāṉ ‡ Araiyaṉ kaṟpakam-āṉa ‡ virā-paraṇa-muvēntavēḷāṉum
<lb n="18"/>Aṉattūr-uṭaiyāṉ pallavaṉ mā-tēvaṉ-āṉa Irāca-cūlāmaṇi-m<unclear>ū</unclear>⌈‡vēntavēḷāṉum per-arai‡cūr-uṭaiyāṉ Ārur Utaiya ti
<lb n="19" break="no"/>vākaraṉum kompuruvi-Āṉa centakaṟāṭiyum vari-potta <gap extent="unknown" reason="lost" unit="character"/>
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<div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
<p n="1">
Prosperity! Fortune!
</p>
<p n="1-19">
Kōṉēriṉmaikoṇṭāṉ,
to the members of the assembly of ...
concerning<note>Expressed with locative.</note> the three thousand nine hundred ten <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s three quarters and three <foreign>mañcāṭi</foreign>s of refined gold
...,
sixth year of us, day one hundred eighty-five,
<list>
<item>
whereas
Parakēcari Mūvēntavēḷāṉ told/informed us <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>namakku colla</foreign></supplied> that <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṉṟu</foreign></supplied> ...
</item>
<item>
whereas
we told/ordered <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāñ colla</foreign></supplied> that ...
</item>
<item>
whereas
we told/ordered <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāñ colla</foreign></supplied> that ...</item>
</list>
Parakēcari Mūvēntavēḷāṉ ...
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<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Cane2017_01">
<p n="1">
Prospérité ! Fortune !
« Le Roi sans égal » <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kōn-ēr-iṉmai koṇṭāṉ</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">s'adresse</supplied> à ceux de l'assemblée de brahmanes de Vēmpaṟṟūr <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vēmpaṟṟūr sabhaiyārkku</foreign></supplied>, un <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> et <foreign>taṉiyūr</foreign> du district de Maṇṇi <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>maṇṇi-nāṭṭu prahmatēyam taṉiyūr</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">au sujet des</supplied> trois mille neuf cent dix <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> trois quarts et trois <foreign>mañcāṭi</foreign> d'or pur <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cempoṉ muvāyirattuttoḷḷāyirattuppatiṉ kaḻañcē mukkālēy mūṉṟu mañcāṭiyilum)</foreign></supplied> qui sont versés par votre village <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>taṅkaḷ-ūr mutalāy varukiṉṟa</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">au titre de</supplied> « la taxe sur l'approvisionnement en eau <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nērvāyam</foreign><note>Le <foreign>nērvāyam</foreign> (<foreign>nēr-vāyam</foreign>), qui figure parfois parmi les <foreign>parihāra</foreign> (« privilège », « immunité » ou exemption de taxe) dont le roi assortit les dons de terre, est ordinairement interprété comme une « taxe sur la consommation excessive d'eau » (cf. T. M. Srinivasan, 1991, p. 106-7). Seulement, si <foreign>vāyam</foreign> signifie bien « eau » (TL: 3601), « excès » n'est que l'une des acceptions du terme <foreign>nēr</foreign>. Parmi elles (TL: 2356), on recense « rectitude » (glosé <foreign>cevvai</foreign>) ; « droiture » (glosé <foreign>nīti</foreign>) ; « extension » (glosé <foreign>nīlam</foreign>) ; ainsi que « cours, direction » (glosé <foreign>kati</foreign>). De plus, dans le même champ lexical que <foreign>nēr</foreign>, on trouve notamment le verbe <foreign>nērkāṭṭutal</foreign> (Ibidem), « se diriger vers » (glosé <foreign>oruticai nōkkic celuttutal</foreign>), et surtout « conduire l'eau dans un canal d'irrigation » (glosé <foreign>nīrkkāl māṟṟutal</foreign>). C'est pourquoi nous postulons que <foreign>nervāyam</foreign>, désigne simplement une taxe sur « l'eau acheminée (par canaux) », c'est-à-dire sur « l'alimentation en eau » d'un village donné, et non une taxe sanctionnant la consommation excessive dudit village en eau.</note></supplied> ».
En <supplied reason="subaudible">ce</supplied> jour cent quatre
vingt-cinq de Notre 6e année <supplied reason="subaudible">de règne</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>namakku yāṇṭu 6vatu nāṉ
nūṟṟeṇpattaiñciṉāl</foreign></supplied>, tandis que Nous nous trouvons dans le pavillon <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kūṭattu nām-m-irukka</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">situé</supplied> devant les appartements de Notre Mère au sein de
Notre palais de Paḻaiyāṟu <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḻaiyāṟṟu nam viṭṭiṉ uḷḷāl nam-m-ācciy kōyiliṉ
muṉpil</foreign></supplied>, le seigneur Kōtukulavaṉ-Cāttaṉ de Parittikkuṭi <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parittikkuṭaiyāṉ
kōtukulavaṉ-cāttaṉāṉa</foreign></supplied> alias <supplied reason="subaudible">l'officier</supplied> Parakēcari-Mūvēntavēḷāṉ
« qui contrôle Nos affaires » <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>naṅ-karumam ārāykiṉṟa</foreign></supplied> Nous informant
<supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>namakku-c colla</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">d'une part</supplied> qu'après <supplied reason="subaudible">l'acquisition</supplied> par Notre Mère <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>namm-ācci</foreign></supplied> de quatre <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>vēli</foreign></supplied> trois quarts de terre, à Vēmpaṟṟūr même
<supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vēmpaṟṟūrilēy nāṉkey mukkāl nilam</foreign></supplied>, achetés afin que <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vilaikkāka-k
koṇṭu</foreign></supplied>, pour Notre mérite <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>namakkāka</foreign></supplied>, on accomplisse gracieusement au
profit du Dieu du glorieux <supplied reason="subaudible">site de</supplied> Vicalūr à Vēmpaṟṟūr <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vēmpaṟṟūr-t tiruvicalūr-
t-tēvarkku</foreign></supplied> la cérémonie du bain <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āṭi-y-aruḷa</foreign><note>Littéralement « on baigne
gracieusement ».</note></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">avec l'eau</supplied> de cent-huit pots <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nūṟṟeṭṭu-k kalacam</foreign></supplied> chaque
<supplied reason="subaudible">jour mensuel de</supplied> <foreign>saṅkrānti</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>saṃkirānti tōṟum</foreign></supplied> et que, quotidiennement
<supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nicatam</foreign></supplied>, l'on effectue gracieusement le <supplied reason="subaudible">service</supplied> de minuit <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>arddhayāma</foreign></supplied>
du repas divin de riz bouilli <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōṉakam-amurtu ceytaruḷavum</foreign></supplied> grâce à quatre
<foreign>nāḻi</foreign><note>Mesures.</note> de riz <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nā-ṉāḻi-y-ariciyāl</foreign></supplied>, la cérémonie du bain a été
gracieusement accomplie et la nourriture divine a été servie sans faillir à
compter de Notre troisième année <supplied reason="subaudible">de règne</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>namakku yāṇṭu mūṉṟāvatu
mutal namaṉam āṭiyaruḷuvittu amutu ceyvittu vārā niṉṟātu</foreign></supplied> ; <supplied reason="subaudible">et d'autre part</supplied>
qu'il est nécessaire <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vēṇṭum eṉṟu</foreign></supplied> qu'à compter de <supplied reason="subaudible">cette</supplied> sixième année <supplied reason="subaudible">de
règne</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yāṇṭu āṟāvatu mutal</foreign></supplied> les quarante-sept <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> et demi d'or que versait auparavant ce <supplied reason="subaudible">village de</supplied> Vēmpaṟṟūr au titre de la « <supplied reason="subaudible">taxe sur</supplied> l'approvisionnement en eau » <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>i-v-vēmpaṟṟūr muṉ mutalāy varukiṉṟa
nērvāyattil nāṟpattēḻu kaḻañcarai</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">sur</supplied> ces quatre <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>vēli</foreign></supplied> trois quarts de terre
<supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>i-n-nilam nāṉkēy mukkālum</foreign></supplied>, soient déduits <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>curukki vēṇṭum eṉṟu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">du reste de ladite taxe</supplied>,
Nous ordonnons <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāñ colla</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">ceci</supplied> : qu'à compter de <supplied reason="subaudible">cette</supplied>
sixième année, l'on entérine la déduction <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>curukkiya-k koḷka-v-eṉṟu</foreign></supplied> des
quarante-sept <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> et demi d'or que versait auparavant ce <supplied reason="subaudible">village de</supplied>
Vēmpaṟṟūr au titre de la « <supplied reason="subaudible">taxe sur</supplied> l'approvisionnement en eau » <supplied reason="subaudible">sur</supplied> les
quatre <supplied reason="subaudible">vēli</supplied> trois quarts de terre achetés à Vēmpaṟṟūr <gap reason="ellipsis"/>, la cérémonie du
bain <supplied reason="subaudible">avec l'eau</supplied>
de cent-huit pots <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nūṟṟeṭṭu-k kalacam</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">pour</supplied>] le Dieu du
glorieux <supplied reason="subaudible">site de</supplied> Vicalūr à Vēmpaṟṟūr chaque <supplied reason="subaudible">jour mensuel de</supplied> <foreign>saṅkrānti</foreign>
ainsi que le gracieux service quotidien <gap reason="ellipsis"/> repas de quatre <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> de riz <gap reason="lost"/>.
<supplied reason="subaudible">Ceci ayant été</supplied> rédigé par Notre scribe <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nam-m-ōlai-y-eḻutum</foreign><note>Littéralement « <supplied reason="subaudible">celui</supplied>
qui écrit Nos ôles ».</note></supplied> Cēvakaṉ-Aruḷaṉ Uttama-Nīti <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nam-m-ōlai-y-eḻutuñ
cēvakaṉ aruḷaṉ-ṉ-uttama-ṉīti-y-eḻuttiṉālum</foreign></supplied> ; approuvé <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>oppiṭṭu</foreign><note>Littéralement « ayant été comparé, authentifié ».</note></supplied> par Nos chanceliers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nam-m-ōlai-nāyakaṉ</foreign><note>Littéralement « Notre maître des ôles ».</note></supplied> Vēḷāṉ-Kaṇṭarātittaṉ alias <supplied reason="lost">l'officier</supplied> Mīṉavaṉ-Mūvēntavēḷāṉ et Vēḷāṉ-Aṇṇāṉ <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nam-m-ōlai-nāyakaṉ vēḷāṉ-kaṇṭarātittaṉāṉa mīṉavaṉ-mūvēntavēḷāṉum vēḷāṉ-aṇṇāṉum-m-oppiṭṭu</foreign></supplied> ;
Nous ordonnons que cet édit <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṭi</foreign></supplied> soit dressé <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puttakatt-iṭiṉ</foreign><note>Littéralement « mis en manuscrit ».</note></supplied>, entré
dans le registre des taxes <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vari</foreign></supplied>, puis mis en application <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puttakattiṭiṉ
paṭiyēy variyil iṭṭu-k koḷka-v-eṉṟu</foreign></supplied> avec, en charge de l'exécution <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āṇattiyāl</foreign></supplied>,
le seigneur Kōtukulavaṉ-Cāttaṉ de Parittikkuṭai alias <supplied reason="subaudible">l'officier</supplied>
Parakēcari-Mūvēntavēḷāṉ qui contrôle Nos affaires <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>naṅ-karumam-ārāyum
parittikkuṭaiyāṉ kōtukulavaṉ cāttaṉāṉa parakēcari-mūvēntavēḷāṉum</foreign></supplied>
et le seigneur Kōyil-Mayilai de Ciṟṟiṅkaṇ alias <supplied reason="subaudible">l'officier</supplied> Maturāntaka-Mūvēntavēḷāṉ <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ciṟṟiṅkaṇ-uṭaiyāṉ kōyil-mayilaiyāṉa maturāntakamūvēntavēḷāṉum</foreign></supplied>,
Aṭikaḷ-Nakkaṉ le chef <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiḻavaṉ</foreign></supplied> du « Registre de l'impôt
terrien » <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puravu-vari-p-pottakam</foreign></supplied> » <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puravu-vari-p-pottaka-kiḻavaṉ aṭikaḷ-nakkaṉum</foreign></supplied>, le seigneur Araiyaṉ-Kaṟpakam de Kiraikaḷ alias <supplied reason="subaudible">l'officier</supplied>
Vīrāparaṇa-Mūvēntavēḷāṉ <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiraikaḷ-ḷ-uṭaiyāṉ araiyaṉ-kaṟpakamāṉa
vīrāparaṇa-mūvēntavēḷāṉum</foreign></supplied>, le seigneur Pallavaṉ-Mātēvaṉ d'Aṉattūr
alias <supplied reason="subaudible">l'officier</supplied> Irācacūlāmaṇi-Mūvēntavēḷāṉ <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṉattūr-uṭaiyāṉ pallavaṉ-
mātēvaṉāṉa irācacūlāmaṇi-mūvēntavēḷāṉum</foreign></supplied>, Uṭaiya-Tivākaraṉ d'Ārūr
seigneur de Pēraraicūr <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pēraraicūr-uṭaiyāṉ ārur-utaiya-tivākaraṉum</foreign></supplied>,
Kompuruvi alias Cēntakaṟāṭi <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kompuruviāṉa cēntakaṟāṭiyum</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> du
Revenu sur l'impôt <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>varipotta[...]</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/>
</p>
</div>
<!--<div type="commentary"/>-->
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1995-1996"/></bibl> (ARIE/1995-1996/B/1995-1996/46).</p>
<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Swaminathan2012_01"/></bibl> (SII 32.2.32); edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cane2017_01"/></bibl> (no. 4), based on autopsy (2012-08).</p>
<p>Commented and translated into French in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cane2017_01"/><citedRange unit="page">299ff</citedRange></bibl>.</p>
<p>This digital edition of <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cane2017_01"/></bibl> (no. 4) curated by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="S">
<ptr target="bib:Swaminathan2012_01"/>
<citedRange unit="part">II</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page">TBC</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">32</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl n="C">
<ptr target="bib:Cane2017_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">764-766</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">4</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl>
<ptr target="bib:ARIE1995-1996"/>
<citedRange unit="page">46</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="appendix">B/1995-1996</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">46</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
<!--METADATA:
<foreign>vimāna</foreign>, wall, southern face-->