Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Rājakesarin, year 12 opposite to one (year 13) author of digital edition Valérie Gillet Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INSMelKil00008

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AIM, southern shrine; upper inscription, on the eastern and middle wall sections of the northern façade of the ardha-maṇḍapa, engraved over the two consecutive wall sections; 12th regnal year opposite to one of Kōrājakesarivarman = probably Sundaracōḻa (circa 969 A.D.).

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svasti śrī

kō Irājakēcaripanmakku yāṇṭu 10 2-Āvatin etirām āṇṭu

kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu devadā ṉam Avaṉikandhavva-Īśvaragṛhattu devakanmikaḷōmum patipātamulattōmum paṭṭuṭaiyōmum camaiyattōmu maṟṟum Ittaḷi paṅkuṭaiyōm Eppērpaṭṭōmum Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar maṟavaṉ kaṇṭanār Aruḷiceyyum poykaikkuṟuviṭattu veṭṭakkuṭaiyāṉ kōvintaṉ kaṭampaṉukku kuṭi niīkkā deva tāṉam āka cantrātittavaṟ kāṇiceyti kuṭutta nilam Ittaḷi tēvadānam viṟaikkūṟṟattu pacuṅkuḷattūr veṭṭappeṟuṉap paṭa nilam Irupattunāl vēliyālum vēli nūṟṟirupatiṉ kalam kāṇikkaṭaṉāka vaṉta nellu Iruṇṭ' āyirattu eṇṇūṟṟu E ṇpatiṉ kalamum tiruvaiyāṟaṉōṭokku marakkālāl kār pātiyum picāṉam pātiyum vāṭākkaṭaṉ Eṅkaḷ taraviṉālēy pacuṅkuḷattūri lēy Aḷappat' ākavum

ivvūr viḷakk' eṇṇaic cey muṉpu kalmēl veṭṭiṉa niīkki Uṇṇilam oḻiviṉṟi vaḷaiyil cuṟṟu Uṭump' ōṭi y-āmai tava ḻnta nilamuṟṟum kārāṇkiḻamai Uṭpaṭa ciṟṟiṟai ciṟupaṅkum Ivaṉēy peṟuvat' ākavum

avurk kaḻañcum perumāḷ koḷḷil kōvintaṉ kaṭampaṉē ṉ tākavuvu kulaiyuṅ kurampuñ ceyvatākavum

pērppaṭṭatum Itt' ākavum

Iṟukka vanta ṉḷatu Eṅkaḷaic collātēy iṟuttuk kaṭamayilē y vaiccuk koḷḷap peṟuvat' ākavum

cāsaṉam peṟṟuṭaiyār peṟuvat' ellām peṟuvat' ākavum

Ipparicu cantrātittavat kuṭi niīkkā devadāṉam ākak kāṇi ceytu kuṭuttōm veṭṭakkuṭaiyāṉ kōvintaṉ kaṭampaṉukku devakanmikaḷōmum patipātamulattōmum paṭṭuṭaiyōmum camaiyattōmu maṟṟum Ittaḷi paṅkuṭai yōmum

Ivakaḷ paṇikka Eḻutiṉēṉ ivuvūr madhyastaṉ Eṟaṉ maḻavāṭiyāṉa brahmapṛyanēṉ Ivai Eṉ Eḻuttu .

ṉap ṉap This part is no longer legible. kāṇikkaṭaṉāka vaṉta kāṇikkaṭaṉāka vaṉta This part is no longer legible. veṭṭiṉa veṭṭiṉa This part is no longer legible. avurk vak I cannot make any sense of this word and do not see what it can refer to.

Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 12th year opposite to one etirāmāṇṭu of Kōirājakesarivarman. Of the temple gṛhattu of the Lord īśvara of Avaṉikandhavva, a devadāna of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, we the Devakanmikaḷs devakanmikaḷōm, we the Patipātamūlams patipātamūlamōmum, we the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs paṭṭuṭaiyōmum, we the Camaiyars camaiyattōmum,Devakanmikaḷ or Tēvakaṉmikaḷ: those who perform the religious duty of god/officials of god/ temple officials; Patipātamūlam: the root of the feet of the Lord/priests/officials of the main shrine; Paṭṭuṭaiyārs: some kind of priests or temple officials; Camaiyars: those of the religious creed camayam/the religious ones/those of the religious text-books. and, besides maṟṟum, whoever eppērppaṭṭōmum have shares in this temple ittaḷi paṅkuṭaiyōm; Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Maṟavaṉ Kaṇṭanār graciously ordered aruḷceyyum, lit. graciously made; to Veṭṭakkuṭaiyāṉ Kovintaṉ Kaṭampaṉ of Poykaikkuṟuviṭam, without removing the labourers kuṭi nīkkā,It is not settled whether there is a physical eviction of the previous tenants or if only their rights were revoked. On this question, see R. Tirumalai 1987: 93–98, Veluthat 2012: 160; 229–230. Heitzman 1997: 70–74 presents this term as “the former cultivators excluded” kuṭi nīkki and “without the exclusion of the cultivators” kuṭi nīṅkā. as a devadāna, having made it into a kāṇi as long as the sun and the moon endure, a land was given kuṭutta nilam; the land nilam which falls paṭa in Veṭṭapeṟuṉam, in Pacuṅkuḷattūr of Viṟaikkūṟṟam, a devadāna of this temple, for 120 kalams per vēli for all 24 vēlis, equal to 2880 kalams of paddy nellu accrued vaṉta > vanta as land-tax kāṇikkaṭaṉāka, we will have to measure aḷappatākavum in Pacuṅkuḷattūr from our own eṅkaḷ tax collection taraviṉālēy the vāṭākkaṭaṉ-tax for half pātiyum of the rainy season kār and half of the non-rainy season picāṉam pātiyum with the standard stone measure marakkālāl Tiruvaiyāraṉ tiruvaiyāṟaṉoṭokku; having removed nīkki what was engraved veṭṭiṉa on the stone kal mēl before muṉpu about the land cey for lamp oil viḷakkeṇṇai of this village ivvūr, having exempted oḻiviṉṟi the inner lands uṇṇilam, the complete muṟṟum uncultivated lit. where the turtles (āmai/yāmai crawl tavaḻnta and the lizzards uṭumpu run ōṭi) lands nila being included lit. surrounded (cuṟṟu in the circle vaḷaiyil), he himself avaṉē has to obtain peṟuvatākavum the small share tax ciṟupaṅkum, the ciṟṟirai-tax, including uḷpaṭa the kārāṇkiḻamai-tax, Kovintaṉ Kaṭampaṉ himself kaṭampaṉē, if the Lord Perumāḷ > the king? the god? gets koḷḷil all the gold kalañcum; grouping kulaiyum and bunds kurampum have to be made ceyvatākavum and that of whatever name eppērpaṭṭatum has to be placed ittākavum?; do not tell us eṅkaḷaic collātiyē which has come vanta to pay iṟukka; having paid iṟuttu, having placed vaiccu in the kaṭamai-tax, they/we? have to get peṟuvatākavum so that they take koḷḷa; they/we have to get peṟuvatākavum all they/we get peṟuvatu-ellām for those who get peṟṟuṭaiyār this order cāsaṉam. In this manner ipparicu, as long as the sun and the moon endure cantrātittavat, without removing the labourers kuṭi nikkā, as a devadāna, having made a kāṇi, we gave kuṭuttōm to Veṭṭakkuṭaiyāṉ Kovintaṉ Kaṭampaṉ, we the Devakaṉmikaḷs, we the Patipātamūlams, we the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs, we the Camaiyars, and whoever has shares in this temple besides these. When they ivaḷ ordered paṇikka, I have written eḻuttiṉēṉ, I the Madhyasthan of this village ivuvūr > ivvūr, Eraṉ Maḻavaṭi alias Brahmapṛyan, I have written these ivai.

Rājakesarin is probably Sundaracōḻa, during whose reign the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Maṟavaṉ Kaṇṭaṉār was ruling over Paḻuvūr.

The inscription is engraved over two consecutive wall sections.

This line was forgotten in the edition of South Indian Inscriptions.

Reported in (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/370).

Edited by (SII 13.236). Edited and translated in , based on autopsyand photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018).

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

126-127 236 141-142 8 73 C/1924 370