Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Parakesarivarman, year 15 author of digital edition Valérie Gillet Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INSMelKil00019

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Valérie Gillet.

2019-2025
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AIM, southern shrine; on the two wall sections on the eastern side of the niche of Śiva on the southern façade of the sanctuary and on the southernmost wall section of the eastern façade of the sanctuary; c) personally located and read in situ; SII 19, no. 378 [lines 1 to 37]; SII 32, part 2, no. 166 [lines 1 to 37]; Āvaṇam 3.2 [complete inscription]; 15th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman = probably Uttamacōḻa (circa 986 A.D.); the inscription is not engraved continuously: I have given the details in the edition itself. Lines 38–96 record a list of signatures which may have been added later, because the script is slightly different from the first part (lines 1–37).

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svasti śrī

kō-p-parakēcari-paṉmaṟkku yā ṇṭu 10 5-Āvatu

kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ ṭōmukku Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar kaṇṭaṉ ma ṟavaṉār Ināṭṭu Uṟattūraip paḻam perum paḻaṅ kuṭiyum niīkki karuppūr-u ṭaiya vēṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ-āṉa cem piyaṉ viṟaināṭṭu kōnārkku janma bhuūmi-y-āka-k karuppūr eṉṉum pēriṉāl kā ṇi ceytu Itukku Āṭṭai-vaṭṭam tāla c cemmai poṉ Irupattaiyṅ kaḻañ cum cantrādityaval nilai Iṟaiy-āvat' ākavum

ṭu tarañ ceyyum pōtu Irupattaiykaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat tarañ ceyyāta t' ākavum

Ipparicu candrādittavat kāṇi -y-ākac ceytu kuṭuttōm nāṭṭār niṅ kaḷum Ipparicu ceytu kuṭuṅkaḷ eṉṟ' aruḷi c-ceyya nāṭṭōmum

Iṉṉāṭṭu Uṟattū rai paḻam perum paḻaṅ kuṭiyu niīkki karuppū r eṉṉum pēyar ākki Āṭṭai-vaṭṭam nilai y-iṟai tālac cemmai poṉ Irupattai yṅ kaḻañc' ākki nāṭṭōm tarañ ceyum po ṉ Irupattaiyṅ kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat ta rañ ceyyātat' ākavum

I pparicu karuppūr-uṭaiya vē ṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ-āṉa cempiyaṉ viṟaināṭ ṭu kōṉārkku janmapūmi-y-āka karuppūr eṉṉum yariṉāl cantrātittaval kāṇi-y-āka A ṟai-y-ōlai ceytu kuṭut tōm kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ ṭōm ciṟṟiṟaiyum Aṇa

Ivai paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ kaṇṭaṉ maṟa vaṉēṉ Ivai Eṉṉ eḻuttu Ipparicu I caintōm marutūr-uṭaiya kāṭaṉ māṟuyaṉē ṉ Ivaiy eṉṉ eḻuttu

ṉaḷaṭṭār Aṟaiyō la l eḻutt' eḻutaṉārai y-eḻutiya mallūr-uṭaiya caṅkaṉ nāke kamāṉṉ eṉ Eḻuttup puttūr-u ṭaiya tūcaṭi kōṉe Eṉaḻuttu Āṟaṇitallūr-Uṭaiya ceruvan Uta comitēvaṉ cuvāmi Eḻuttu cāttaṉūr-uṭaiya tiṇeyāṉ mā yilaṭṭi Eḻuttu mēlmarut ttūr-uṭaiya tiṇaiyāṉ kuṭitara ṅki Eḻuttu paṭṭ-uṭaiya ciṅka ṉeyyoṟaṉ eḻuttu Umapaḷakkāṉattūr-uṭai ya Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ eḻu ttu Āṇpāṉ cukūr-u ṭaiya cāttaṉ nampaṉ e ḻuttu kuṟṟūr-uṭaiyaṉ ṉe ttu vākūr-uṭaiya Oṉeṉ pampal eḻuttu Alimi Uṭaiya velitaraṅki Eḻuttu Āttūr-uṭaiya cāttaṉ tara Eḻuttu . kuḷattūr-uṭaiya Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ eḻuttu varākupāṭi-Uṭaiya māṉtaṉp peraiyaṉ eḻuttu

caṅkaṇamūr-uṭaiya kāramu kaṉ Eḻuttu -Uṭaiya vaṭukaṉ pūti y-eḻuttu . timmi y-uṭaiya cuntaracōḻapperunti ai y-eḻuttu . puttūr-uṭaiya Ā ramālakkōṉ peraiya ṉ eḻuttu peraṟconi-y-u ṭaiya Araiyaṉāccaṉ e ḻuttu . ciṅkaraṉattūr-uṭai ya perumāṉ maḻapāṭi y-eḻu ttu ppati-Uṭaiya kaliyiva y-eḻut tu . kūṟaṅ ṭaiya maṟava ko ṉ peruna ṇai Eḻuttu kaṟakāṭṭur-uṭaiya vempa ṉuḷveli Eḻuttu pokaḻi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭama laiyamaṉ eḻuttu kiḷiy-uṭaiya nāraṇaṉā ṅkay eḻuttu ṇi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭap pe ṉ eḻuttu ciṅkaṇamūr-uṭai ya paṭaipperaiyaṉaddhayāṟa ṉ eḻuttu . Aruṅkarayil-u ṭaiya Āccaṉ nakkaṉ e ḻuttu Āṉaiñallū r-uṭaiya nakkaṉ kumaraṉ eḻut tu vaṭavacukūr-uṭaiya nirupava kacaramalaiya eḻuttu mālvāyil-uṭaiya mana vakōṉ peraiyaṉ eḻu ttu .

Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 15th year of Kōpparakesarivarman. To us, the Nāṭṭār of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉār ordered: having removed nīkki the old paḻaṅ cultivators kuṭiyum and the old paḻam name pērum of Uṟattūr of this nāṭu, as birth-land janma bhūmiyai to the chieftain kōṉār of Viṟaināṭu, lord uṭaiyaṉ of Karuppūr, Veṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ alias Cempiyaṉ, having made it into a kāṇi kaṇi-ceytu with the name pēriṉāl of Karuppūr karuppūr eṉṉum; to this itukku, every year āṭṭai-vaṭṭam, twenty five irupattayaṅ kaḻancus of wordly tālamtāla is clearly legible but it is very difficult to make sense of it here in relation with gold. It means, besides “earth” and “world”, “Palmyra tree, metal plate, tongue”. fine gold cemmai poṉ, as long as the sun and the moon endure, are set āvatākavum as a permanent tax nilai iṟai; having come pōtu to make ceyyum the assessment tarañ of this nāṭu, the assessment tarañ should not be made ceyyātākavum more than allatu ēṟa, lit. so that it does not rise above twenty five kaḻañcus; in this manner ipparicu, having made ceytu it into a kāṇi kāṇiyāka, as long as the sun and the moon endure, we gave kuṭuttōm; when heThe Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar is probably the one uttering the order. graciously ordered aruḷicceyya, lit. graciously made “you also niṅkaḷum the Nāṭṭār, having made ceytu in this manner ipparicu, you give kuṭuṅkaḷeṉṟu, we, all the Nāṭṭār nāṭṭōmum, having removed nīkki the old paḻaṅ cultivators kuṭiyum and the old paḻam name pērum of Uṟattūr of this nāṭu, having taken ākki, lit. having become the name pēyar of Karuppūr karuppūr eṉṉum, having fixed ākki, lit. having become twenty five kaḻañcus of wordly tāla fine cemmai gold poṉ for permanent tax nilai iṟai every year āṭṭai-vaṭṭam, we the Nāṭṭar nāṭṭōm, when making ceyyum the assessment tarañ, we should not make ceyyātatākavum the assessment tarañ above ēṟa that which is not allatu twenty five kaḻañcus of gold poṉ; in this manner ipparicu, as birth-land janma-pūmiyāka to the chieftain kōṉār of Viṟaināṭu, lord uṭaiya of Karuppūr, Veṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ alias Cempiyaṉ, as kāṇi kāṇiyāka, as long and the sun and the moon endure, with the name Karuppūr, having made ceytu the palm-leaf ōlai drum-beating aṟai,It is traditionally considered that they were reciting the text inscribed of the palm-leaf along with the beating of the drum, and hereaṟai-tal should be taken as referring to the beating of the drum. we gave kuṭuttōm, we the Nāṭṭār nāṭṭōm of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam; all small taxes ciṟṟiṟaiyum

These ivai, I Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉ, I have written eṉṉ-eḻuttu these ivai; we have agreed icaintōm in this manner ipparicu; I the Lord uṭaiya of Marutūr, Kāṭaṉ Māṟuyaṉ, I have written eṉṉ-eḻuttu these ivai.

That which is signed eḻutiya, lit. written by the signatories eḻutaṉār-ai, having signed eḻuttu I, lord uṭaiya of mallūr, Caṅkaṉ Nakekamāṉ, have signed eḻuttu; I, lord of Puttūr, Tūcaṭikōṉ, have signed eṉattu > eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Āraṇitallūr, Ceruvanuta Cōmitēvaṉ Cuvāmi, has signed ettu > eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Cāttaṉūr, Tiṇeyāṉ Māyilaṭṭi, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Mēlmaruttūr, Tiṇaiyāṉ Kuṭitaraṅki, has signed eḻuttu; the Paṭṭuṭaiyāṉ Ciṅkaṉeyyoṟaṉ has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Umapaḷakkāṉattūr, Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Āṇpāṉcukūr, Cāttaṉ Nampaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Kuṟṟūr, Ne ; the lord uṭaiya of Vākūr, Oṉeṉvampal, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of , Velitaraṅki, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Āttūr, Cāttaṉ Tara, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Kuḷattūr, Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Varākupāṭi, Māṉtaṉpperaiyaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Caṅkaṇamur, Kāramukaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of , Vaṭukaṉ Pūti, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Timmi, Cuntara Cōḻapperuntiṇai, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Puttūr, Āramālakkōṉ Peraiyaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Peraṟconi, Araiyaṉāccaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Ciṅkaraṉattūr, Perumāṉ Maḻapāṭi, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of ppaṭi, Kaliyiva, has signed eḻuttu; the Lord uṭaiya of Kūraṅku, Maṟava Kōṉ Peruntiṇai, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Kaṟakāṭṭur, Vempaṉuḷveli, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Pokaḻi, Kaṇṭamalaiyamaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Kiḷi, Nāraṇaṉāṅkay, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of , Kaṇṭappe, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Ciṅkaṇamur, Paṭaipperaiyaṉ Addhayāṟaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Aruṅkarayil, Āccaṉ Nakkaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the Lord uṭaiya of Āṉaiñallūr, Nakkaṉ Kumaraṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the Lord uṭaiya of Vaṭavacukūr, Nirupa/va Kacaramalaiyaṉ, has signed eḻuttu; the lord uṭaiya of Mālvāyil, Manavakōṉ Peraiyaṉ, has signed eḻuttu.

The epigraph is inscribed on 3 wall sections: A and B on the eastern side of the main niche of the southern façade; C on southernmost wall section of the eastern façade. Moreover, it is not inscribed continuously: from lines 1 to 22, inscribed from the middle of wall section A; from lines 23 to 33, inscribed on the bottom of wall section B; lines 34 to 37, inscribed on top of wall section A; lines 38 to 64, inscribed on the upper part of wall section B; lines 65 to 96, inscribed on the wall section C. From the line 34, this is a series of signatures. The editions in SII do not consider the signatures after the line 37. Only the revised edition in Āvaṇam includes them.

Reported in (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/356).

Edited (36 lines) in (SII 19.378), in (SII 32.2.166). Edited (93 lines), in (Āvaṇam 3.2). Edited and translated in , based on autopsyand photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018).

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

197-198 378 II 292-294 166 73 C/1924 356