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<title>Uttiramērūr, time of Kampavarman, year 8</title>
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<forename>Emmanuel</forename>
<surname>Francis</surname>
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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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<forename>Emmanuel</forename>
<surname>Francis</surname>
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<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
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<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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<summary>Sale-deed.</summary>
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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
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<div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
<!--Add milestones for blocks-->
<ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī
</ab>
<p>
kō-vic<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>>ai</reg></choice>ya-kampa-vik<choice><sic><hi rend="grantha">kri</hi></sic><corr>ki</corr></choice>rama-parumarkku yāṇṭu Eṭṭ-āvatu
</p>
<p>
kāliyūr-k-kōṭṭattu taṉ k<unclear>ū</unclear>ṟṟu Uttaramēru-c-catu<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg>vve</hi>ti-maṅkalattu <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm nila-vilai-y āvaṇa-k kai-<choice><orig>yy</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>-eḻuttu
</p>
<p>
Emm-<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r-k kaṟikai-k-kuṭṭattiṉ cuṟṟum
<lb n="2"/>kōliṭu n<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>kki Ik-kōliṭṭ-ōṭum y-aṭaiya Arai-k-kōl Akalattāl I<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>-ēri-karaiyiṉ vaḷaiyil cuṟṟum mañcikkam-āy iṉ-nilam i<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>-ērikkē <hi rend="grantha">bahi</hi>r<hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi>-y ākavum maṭam eṭukka-vēṇṭu-nilamum i<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>ūr y-āḷu<surplus>m</surplus>
<lb n="3" break="no"/>-ṅ kaṇattār<surplus>ar</surplus>-uḷ-k kuravaciri rāma<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>va-<hi rend="grantha">bhaṭṭa</hi>ṉum Ivaṉ <choice><orig>ṟṟ</orig><reg>ṟ</reg></choice>ampi na<hi rend="grantha">ndiśva</hi>ra-<hi rend="grantha">bhaṭṭa</hi>ṉu<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice> ivaṉ <choice><orig>ṟṟ</orig><reg>ṟ</reg></choice>ampi ku<hi rend="grantha">ṇḍha-bhaṭṭa</hi>ṉu<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice> i<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>-m<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>varkkum I<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>-ēri-c cuṟṟu Arai-k-kōl nilamum i<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>m<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>var pakkalum vi<supplied reason="lost">lai</supplied>-k-kāṇaṅ kai-c cella-k koṇṭu v<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>ṟṟu-k kuṭut
<lb n="4" break="no"/>tōm <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm
</p>
<p>
Iru-k-kāl-āvatum viṟṟ<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>u-k</reg></choice> kuṭuttōm <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm
</p>
<p>
mu-k-kāl-āvatum viṟṟ<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>u-k</reg></choice> kuṭuttō<unclear>m</unclear> <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm
</p>
<p>
Itu-v-ē poru<choice><sic>ḷa</sic><corr>ḷ</corr></choice> māvaṟiti Ōlai-y-āka Oṭṭi-k kuṭuttōm <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm
</p>
<p>
Ik-kaṟikai-kuṭṭattu Ēri-karai-y-il maṇ<surplus>-k</surplus> koṇṭāraiyu
<lb n="5" break="no" style="text-align: left"/><unclear>m</unclear> I<choice><orig>-k</orig><reg>k-k</reg></choice>aṟikai-k-kuṭṭatiṉ<surplus>-c</surplus> cuṟṟum a<choice><orig>vv</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>-ērikkē <hi rend="grantha">bahi<reg>r</reg>bhūmi</hi>-y-āka koṇṭa nilam cuṭṭi mēl-colla-paṭṭa kuravaciri rāma<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>va-<hi rend="grantha">bhaṭṭa</hi>ṉaiyum Ivaṉ ṟampimāraiyum m<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>varaiy<unclear>u</unclear>m nilam <space type="descender"/> cuṭṭi<choice><unclear>ṉa</unclear><unclear>ṉ</unclear></choice> pōla paṭṭa-<hi rend="grantha">sā</hi>mantuk k<unclear>u</unclear>ṭ<unclear>u</unclear>vi<unclear>t</unclear>ttōm āṉōm <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yō
<lb n="6" break="no"/>m
</p>
<p>
Ik-karaiyil muḷ<choice><orig>kk</orig><reg>k</reg></choice>uttiṉāraiyum vaiyiramēka-taṭākattu<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>kē veṭṭi mutal-āka A<supplied reason="omitted">i</supplied>ñ-kaḻañcu poṉ m<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>lappa<choice><unclear>ṭ</unclear><unclear>ṭṭ</unclear></choice>ār<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>yarē taṇṭippār āka Oṭṭ<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>i-k</reg></choice> kuṭuttōm <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm
</p>
<p>
Ik-kaṟikai-kuṭṭattu nīr-viṭṭ<unclear>ā</unclear>r <supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">grā</hi>ma-ka</supplied>ṇṭakar āka <unclear>pa</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ṇ</supplied><unclear>i</unclear><supplied reason="lost">t</supplied>tōm <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi><unclear>yō</unclear><supplied reason="lost">m</supplied>
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<app loc="1">
<lem>°vik<choice><sic><hi rend="grantha">kri</hi></sic><corr>ki</corr></choice>rama°</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">°vik<surplus>k<hi rend="grantha">r</hi>i</surplus>rama°</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2">
<lem>y-aṭaiya</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">Aṭaiya</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2">
<lem><hi rend="grantha">bahi</hi>r<hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi>-y</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">bahi</hi>r<hi rend="grantha">būmi</hi>-y</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>kaṇattār<surplus>ar</surplus>-uḷ-k</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">kaṇattār-uḷ-k</rdg>
<note>The alternative reading <foreign>kaṇattār aruḷa-k</foreign> ("as the delegates rule/order") is possible, but does not make much sense in the context. Moreover, the phrase kaṇaṭṭār-uḷ ("among the delegates") is ubiquitous in the epigraphical corpus of the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ temple at Uttiramērūr.</note>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>vi<supplied reason="lost">lai</supplied>-k-kāṇaṅ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">vilai-k-kāṇaṅ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>v<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>ṟṟu</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">viṟṟu</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem>poru<choice><sic>ḷa</sic><corr>ḷ</corr></choice></lem><!--CHECK-->
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">poruḷ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem>m<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>lappa<choice><unclear>ṭ</unclear><unclear>ṭṭ</unclear></choice>ār<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>yarē</lem><!--CHECK-->
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">mulappaṭṭārayairē</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem><supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">grā</hi>ma-ka</supplied>ṇṭakar</lem><!--CHECK-->
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">grā</hi><unclear>ma-ka</unclear>ṇṭakar</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem><unclear>pa</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ṇ</supplied><unclear>i</unclear><supplied reason="lost">t</supplied>tōm</lem><!--CHECK-->
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">paṇittōm</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem><hi rend="grantha">sabhai<unclear>yō</unclear></hi><supplied reason="lost">m</supplied></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi><unclear>yōm</unclear></rdg>
<note>The letter <foreign>yō</foreign> is partly covered by the adjacent perpendicular base element. Only the <foreign>kompu</foreign> and left part or <foreign>ya</foreign> are visible.</note>
</app>
</listApp>
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<div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
<p n="1">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>
<p n="1">Eighth year of the victorious king Kampavikkiramaparumar.<note>Sanskrit Kampavikramavarman.</note></p>
<p n="1">Handwritten writ document for the sale of a land <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. sale-deed</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">by</supplied> We, the members of the assembly of Uttaramērucaturvedimaṅgala in Kāliyūrkkōṭṭam, in the division of the same name.</p>
<p n="1-4">We, the members of the assembly ― so that, after exclusion <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīkki</foreign></supplied> of <supplied reason="subaudible">the land measuring</supplied> one rod <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kōliṭu</foreign></supplied><!--check meaning--> surrounding <supplied reason="subaudible">the tank named</supplied> Kārikai-k-kuṭṭam in our village, there be <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ākavum</foreign></supplied> outside earth<!--check meaning--> <supplied reason="explanation"><hi rend="grantha"><foreign>bahirbhūmi</foreign></hi></supplied> for this tank <supplied reason="subaudible">on</supplied> this land, which is <foreign>mañcikkam</foreign><!--check meaning--> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mañcikkam āy</foreign></supplied> surrounding in circle, on the banks of this tank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivv-ēri-karaiyiṉ vaḷaiyil cuṟṟum</foreign></supplied>, by the width/extent <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>akalattāl</foreign></supplied> of half a rod adjacent/so as to obtain<!--check meaning--> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṭaiya</foreign><note>Literally: so as to reach.</note></supplied> this <supplied reason="subaudible">single</supplied> rod <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ik-kōliṭṭōṭum</foreign></supplied> ― have given for sale <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṟṟu-k koṭuttōm</foreign></supplied> a land necessary for building a <foreign>maṭam</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>maṭam eṭukka-vēṇṭu nilamum</foreign></supplied> and a land of a half a rod surrounding this lake <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>Ivv-ēri-c cuṟṟu arai-k-kōl nilamum</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">to</supplied> Kuravaciri Rāmadeva-bhaṭṭa, his younger brother Nandīśvara-bhaṭṭa, and his younger brother Kuṇḍha-bhaṭṭa, who are among the governing delegates <supplied reason="explanation">āluṅ kaṇattār-uḷ</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> this village to these three <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>im-mūvarkkum</foreign></supplied>, after/having received from hand to hand <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kai-c cella</foreign><note>Literally: while it went in hand.</note></supplied> the gold for the price <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vilai-k-kāṇam</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">of these lands</supplied> from these three <supplied reason="subaudible">above-mentioned individuals</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mūvarkkum</foreign></supplied>.</p>
<p n="4">We, the members of the assembly, have given for sale <supplied reason="explanation">that which is</supplied> two quarters <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iru-k-kāl-āvatum</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">among these lands</supplied>.</p>
<p n="4">We, the members of the assembly, have given for sale three quarters <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mu-k-kāl-āvatum</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">among these lands</supplied>.</p>
<p n="4">We, the members of the assembly, have solemnly given this <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>itu-v-ē</foreign></supplied> as a …<!--check translation--> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poru[ḷā>ḷ] māvaṟiti</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">written</supplied> leaf <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ōlai-y-āka</foreign></supplied>.</p>
<p n="4-6">We, the members of the assembly, have had the title-deed given <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṭṭa-sāmantu-k koṭuvitttōm āṉōm</foreign><note>Literally: we have become those who had the title-deed given.</note></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">with details</supplied> as <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōla</foreign></supplied> the above-mentioned Kuravaciri Rāmadeva-bhaṭṭa and his younger brothers, the three of them <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mūvaraiyum</foreign></supplied>, pointed out <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cuṭṭi(ṉa/ṉ)</foreign></supplied><!--update-->, after pointing out <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cuṭṭi</foreign></supplied> the land got as <foreign>bahirbhūmi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><hi rend="grantha">bahirbhūmi</hi>-y-āka koṇṭa nilam cuṭṭi</foreign></supplied> for that tank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avvērikkē</foreign></supplied> which surrounds <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cuṟṟum</foreign></supplied> … <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>maṇ koṇṭāraiyum</foreign></supplied><!--Update--> in this Kāṟikaikkuṭṭam <supplied reason="subaudible">tank</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ik-kaṟikai-k-kuṭṭatiṉ</foreign></supplied> on the tank-banks <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēri-karai-y-il</foreign></supplied> of this this Kāṟikaikkuṭṭam <supplied reason="subaudible">tank</supplied>.</p>
<p n="6">Let the members of the MP<!--Update--> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mūlappa[ṭ/ṭṭ]ārayarē</foreign></supplied><!--Update--> be those who fine those who dig <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>muḷ((k))kuttiṉāraiyum</foreign></supplied><!--Update--> in these banks <supplied reason="subaudible">with</supplied> five <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> of gold as capital <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>veṭṭi mutal-āka</foreign></supplied><!--Update: translate veṭṭi--> for the Vajramegha tank <supplied reason="explanation">vaiyiramēkata-ṭākattukkē</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">Thus</supplied> have We, the members of the assembly, solemnly given <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>oṭṭi kuṭuttōm</foreign>, but <foreign>paṇittōm</foreign> was probably meant</supplied><!--Update--></p>
<p n="6">Let those who draw/let out<!--Update--> water <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīrviṭṭār</foreign></supplied> in/from this Karikai-kuṭṭam be <supplied reason="explanation">considered</supplied> enemies of/traitors to the village <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><hi rend="grantha">grā</hi>ma-kaṇṭakar</foreign></supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">Thus</supplied> have We, the members of the assembly, declared/ordered<!--Update-->.</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary"><!--UPDATE-->
<p><foreign>bahirbhūmi</foreign></p>
<p>IP considers only on land has been sold. There are two lands sold, we infer: one for the <foreign>maṭam</foreign>, one for the lake.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1897-1898"/></bibl> (ARIE/1897-1898/B/1898/85).</p>
<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> (SII 6.370). Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 206).</p>
<p>This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy and photos (2019).</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
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<ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">170</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">370</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl n="IP">
<ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">545-546</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">206</citedRange>
</bibl>
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<bibl n="ARIE">
<ptr target="bib:ARIE1897-1898"/>
<citedRange unit="page">18</citedRange>
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<citedRange unit="item">85</citedRange>
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