Hanumantapuram hero-stone, time of Īccuvaraparumaṉ, year 17 EpiDoc encoding Emmanuel Francis intellectual authorship of edition Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris, CEIAS DHARMA_INSPallava00513

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.

 2019-2025 DHARMAbase Hero-stone erected in honour of Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who fell during a fight.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

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kō-vicaiya-Īccuvara-parumaṟkiu yāṇṭu patiṉ ēḻḻḻ-āvat'

aṉṅkaṭ kāṭṭiṟaikaḷ ceyikka-v aracar māṟṟ-uṭai ceṉṟa tāṉ aṟupaṭṭāṉ kāṭaṭi kaṟakkaṉ

°vicaiya-Īccu° °vijaya-rājacu° This reading in is tentative though, as indicated by a question mark. °parumaṟkiu yāṇṭu °parumaṟk' iyāṇṭu It is not clear however whether 's reading [ṟk=i*] is meant for characters omitted and supplied. We do not follow in considering that we have here iyāṇṭu, that is yāṇṭu with epenthesis. Although this is possible, it seems unlikely considering other attestations of the dative variant -ki for -ku. See, e.g., INSPallava00252, of the same Īccuvaravarman, where, in lines 1-3, we find kō-vicaiya-Īccuvaraparumaṟki paṉṉiraṇṭ-āvatu. aṉṅkaṭ aṉkaṭ It is not clear however whether 's reading [ṭ*] is meant for a character omitted and supplied. ceyikka-v ceyikka-v

In the seventeenth year of the reign of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kāṭṭiṟai was victorious, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ himself, who went among the enemies of the king, was cut down.

Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.Sanskrit Īśvaravarman..

When, there aṅkaṇ, the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai vanquished, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who went against the change of property, was himself cut down.

there (aṅkaṇ) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.

Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’

Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.

Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava

Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."

See tfaPallava253, same slab (left of the present inscription).

Edited in with facsimile and English translation (EI 7, no. 4.2b), based on an inked estampage; text and summary in (IP 253b); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).

23-24 I/B 627-628 253/B 49 B/1900 17