Ceṅkama, Ṛṣabheśvara temple, Śaka year 1180 author of digital edition Dorotea Operato Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INStfaSIIv07p0i0118

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.

 2019-2025 DHARMAbase Records a feud between a local chief and the three sons of his brother, who were banned from the country as traitors.

No distinction between e and ē, nor between o and ō.

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svasti śrī

śakābdam· Āyirattu Oru nūṟṟu Eṇpatiṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa siṃha-nāyaṟṟu Apara-pakṣattu tṛtiyaiyum nāyaṟṟu-k-kiḻamaiyum peṟṟa revati nāḷ

Āṭaiyūr-nāṭṭu Eliyūṟṟukku meēṟkum nam kku Uḷḷuppaṭṭa nāṭum malaiyum Aṭivāramum teṉ-karai-nāṭu muūvarai-v-eṉṟa-nallūṟku meēṟku ciṟṟiṅkaikku-k kiḻakku Uṭpaṭṭa nāṭum malaiyum Uṭpaṭṭa nāṭum Inta Iraṇṭu-karai-nāṭṭukku Uḷḷuppaṭṭa nāṭṭavarum nāṭṭu-nāyakañ ceyvārkaḷum maṉṟāṭuvārkaḷum piḷḷai-mutalikaḷum taṉiyāṭkaḷum paṭai-nāyakañ ceyvārkaḷum taṉiyāḷ mutalikaḷum mpaṉāyakaru likaḷum kūlicceēvakarum konta-vi-c-cātirarum navira-malai-t teṉ-paṟṟu nāṭṭavarum nāṭṭu-mutalikaḷum vaṭa-malai-nāṭṭavarum nāṭṭu-mutalikaḷum Uḷḷuppaṭṭa pala-caṉattoōmum Aṭivārattu malaiyāḷarum malaiyāḷa-mutalikaḷum mutuniīr-malaiyāḷarum malaiyaraṇ-mutalikaḷum ceṭṭikaḷum vāṇikarum kaṇakkarum karuma-p-peērum paṉṉāṭṭavarum paṉṉāṭṭu mutalikaḷum poṟkoṟṟa-kai-k-koḷarum Āṇṭārkaḷum civa-brāhmaṇarum maṉṟāṭikaḷum uvaccarum teṉ-karai-nāṭṭu vaṭa-talai-nāṭṭavarum teṉ-malai-nāṭṭārum Uṭpaṭṭa nāṭṭavarum tella pulavarum paṇ ṇūvārum niyāyattārum paṉṉiraṇṭu paṇi-makkaḷum Uḷḷiṭṭa peērum veēṭarum pāṇarum paṟaiyarum paṟai-mutalikaḷum cekkiliyarum Iṟruḷarum Uḷḷiṭṭa Aṉaittu-c-cātikaḷum

Antaṇaṉ-talai-y-āka Arippaṉ-kaṭai-y-āka Uḷḷuppaṭṭa Anaittu-c-cāti-māṟkku te llārum pramāṇam paṇṇiṉa paṭi y-āvatu

Eṅka-ṉāyaṉār amaṭṭaṉ karikāla-c-coōḻa Āṭaiyūr-nāṭ-āḻvār tiru-v-irācciyam paṇṇi Eḻuntu Aruḷi Irukka Ivar Evi Aruḷiṉa paṭiyeē Ivarkaḷ tiru-t-tampi yār nāyaṉār naraciṅka-paṉmar ceytu Eḻuntu Aruḷi-y-irukka nāyaṉār naraciṅka-paṉmar makaṉ periyuṭaiyāṉum Ivaṉ tampi Aracakaṇāyaṉum karuppu-k-kaṭṭi-nāyakkar-uṭaṉeē kūṭi Eṅkaḷ nāyaṉmāṟkum Eṅkalukkum pakai-teēṭi-k kiḻaṟṟu-p-poōy-Irukka Ivarkaḷ ceyta piḻaiyum poṟuttu Ivarkaḷ kūccan tirttu-t tiru-v-eḻuttu-c cāttiṉa tiru-mukamum kuṭuttu-c ceṭṭi-puṇai-paṭṭu Amaittu viṭṭa Iṭattu tiru-mukamum maṟuttu Eṅkaḷ nāyaṉ-māṟku m Eṅkaḷukkum pakai-teēṭi veṟuppāṉa-pēruṭaṉē kūṭi Eṅkaḷukku-p pakai-y-āka y-iṉālum Ivarkaḷ piriti-kaṅkar vaḻiyil Uḷḷa perākaiyālum I-p-periyuṭaiyānum Aracakaṇāyaṉum Ivarkaḷ tampi Amaṭṭāḻvaraṉum Eṅkaḷ nāyaṉ-māṟku Irāca-t-turoōkikaḷum nāṭṭu-t-turoōkikaḷum-Āy Ivarkaḷ muūvaraiyum peṇṭiḻantāṉ kuṭṭattil Oṉṟ' āka-p puṟa-k-kaṭittoōm

piriti-kaṅkar makkaḷ Eṅkaḷ nāyaṉ māṟku-p pukunta nam-pirāṭṭiyār vayiṟṟiṟ piṟanta piḷḷaikaḷai Aracukku koḷḷa-k-kaṭavat' alla v-ākavum

Allāta piḷḷaikaḷ pūrvar-muṟaiyileē Irācciyam paṇṇa-k-kaṭavarkaḷ ākavum

I-m-maṇṇum malaiyum Uḷḷat' aṉaiyum Eṅkaḷ makkaḷ makkaḷ vaḻi-vaḻi I-p-periyuṭaiyāṉaiyum Aracakaṇāyaṉaiyum Ivarka-ṭampi Amaṭṭāḻvāraiyum Ivarkaḷ makkaḷil vaḻi-vaḻi Oruttaraiyum I-m-maṇṇilam pukuta Oṭṭoōm

Ivarkaḷukku Iṭaṅ kuṭuppatuñ ceyyoōm

Iṭaṅ kuṭuppāroōṭu kūṭuvatuñ ceyyoōm

Ivarkaḷ muūvarum I-m-maṇṇukku Uriyar eṉṟu collutal colluvarkku Iṭaṅ kuṭukka ceyya-kaṭavoōmum Alloōm

Ivarkaḷukku-k kiḻolai viṭutal Ivarkaḷai-k kāttal Ivarkaḷ caruṭan peēcutal ceytār Uṇṭ' ākil Irāca-t-turoōkikaḷum-Ākki nāyilum paṉṟi-y-ilum kaṭaiyākaku-t tanū-k-kakkaṭa ākavum

Ivarkaḷ peṇṭukaḷai muūkku mulaiyum Aṟuttu viṭa k-kaṭavoōm ākavum

Ivarkaḷ pakkal peṇṭukaḷ poōṉavaḷ kuṭi-y-āka I-p-paṭi Āka-c ceyya-kaṭavoōm ākavum

Ivarkaḷ pakkal poōṉa peērai-p paṇi-cey-makkaḷai Iṭṭu-k-koṉṟu pokaṭa-k-kaṭavoōm ākavum

I-p-paṭikku nāṅkaḷ Aṉaivarum puṇai Olai-p-pāṭiyum nanti-maṅkalamum Uḷḷuppaṭṭa Inta Aṉaittuṅ I-p-paṭi nilaimai-k ḷ pramāṇam Iṭṭoōm

I-p-paṭi Aṟṟumaṟavum ceytiloōm-ākil vallavaraiyaṉ cattiyam taṅkaḷ ammaikku-t tāṉe miṇāḷaṉ Acal-vaṉṉiyar kutiraikku-p pullu-p paṟukkiṟa paṟaiyaṟku Eṅkaḷ peṇṭukaḷai-k kuṭuttoōm-ākil paṭukkata Olai-p-paṭikku-t tappiṉ' āruṇṭ' ākil ceyaṅ-koṇṭanācciyaār koōyilil cevvāy-k-kiḻamaiyil paṭṭaṭu-paṭṭatu paṭa-k-kaṭavoōm-āka ceyaṅ-koṇṭa-nācciyār tiritam iṭṭu-c ciṅka-nāyaṟṟu Iru-pattu-muṉṟā n tiyati-y-āṉa pañcamiyum aśvatiyum peṟṟa cevvāy-k-kiḻamai nāḷ

Āṭu-veṭṭi-p pūta mutaittu nilaimai paṇṇi I-p-paṭikku-t tiru-Iṭavantuṟai nāyaṉār koōyililē kallum veṭṭi-k kuṭuttoōm

I-vv-aṉaivoōm I-k-kal veṭṭiṉa-paṭikku-t tappiṉavaṉ keṅkai kumari-y-iṭai-k kurāṟ-pacu-k kuttiṉavaṉ pāvaṅ koḷvāṉ I-p-paṭikku

Iv-aṉaittu nāṭṭavarum paṇikka-k kallu veṭ yanāṭṭ-ācāriyaṉ-eēṉ

Ivai Eṉṉṉ Eḻuttu .

teṉ-karai-nāṭu Probably read teṉ-karai-nāṭṭu. llārum ... Probably read ellārum. pramāṇam ṇam

Prosperity! Fortune!

On the day of Revati which coincides peṟṟa with the third day of the dark fortnight of Āvaṇi month, in Śaka year 1180.

This is the way have done the following decision piramāṇamSanskrit pramāṇa. for all the jātis anaittu-c cāti-māṟkku, including those who are the highest of the Brahmins and those who belong to the lowest classes: we, the many village assemblies palacanottōmum which comprise the district representatives, administrators nāṭṭu-nāyakañ ceyvārkaḷum, officals maṉṟāṭuvārkaḷum, leaders of Piḷḷai caste, eremits taṉiyāṭkaḷum, military commanders, leaders of secluded people taṉiyāḷ mutalikaḷum, merchenary soldiers kūliccēvakarum, and people of other castes konta-vi-c-cātirarum belonging to these two Karai-nāṭus, that are the districts, hills and foothills to the west of Eliyūr in Āṭaiyūrnāṭu and the districts to the west of Nallur, also called Muvarai, along with the territories that include the districts and foothills to the east of Ciṟṟiṅkai in Teṉkaraināṭu; the district representatives and administrators in Teṉpaṟṟu, in Navira hills; and the district representatives and administrators of the country on the northen hills; the district representatives, who include: the Malaiyārs and their chiefs on Aṭivāram mountains, the Mutunīrmalaiyārs and their chiefs, along with the Ceṭṭis, the merchants, accountants, artisans, inhabitants and chiefs of Paṉṉāṭu, the goldsmiths, the devotees, the Śiva Brāhmaṇas, the officials, and the temple drummers; and the district representatives, who include the chiefs of Vaṭatalai, in Teṉkaraināṭu, and the chiefs of Teṉmalai; the people, who include: , poets, musicians, judges, and people doing the twelve professions paṉṉiraṇṭu paṇi-makkaḷum; all the castes aṉaittuccātikaḷum including hunters, bards, drummers, the chiefs of drummers’ caste paṟai-mutalikaḷ, shoemaker castes, and the Iṟuḷa tribes.

Whereas our lord, Amaṭṭaṉ Karikālaccōḻa Āṭaiyūrnāṭāḻvār has come having established a glorious reign, whereas the lord Naraciṅkapaṉmar,Sanskrit Narasiṃhavarman. his glorious younger brother, has come, acting according to his orders, whereas Periyuṭaiyāṉ, the son of the lord Naraciṅkapaṉmar, and Ara(caka)ṇāyaṉ, his younger brother, allied with Karuppukkaṭṭi Nāyakkar and became traitors, having opposed to our lord and to us, We expell puṟakkaṭittōm the three of them, these Periyuṭaiyān, Aracakaṇāyaṉ and their younger brother Amaṭṭāḻvaraṉ, all together with their wives and progeny peṇṭiḻantāṉkuṭṭattil as traitors to our king and traitors to our country.

We agreed oṭṭōm that our people from generation to generation shall replace these Periyuṭaiyāṉ, Aracakaṇāyaṉ, their younger brother Amaṭṭāḻvār and their progeny from generation to generation in ruling these lands, hills and all that is between. We will give them a place where to reside. We will assemble them together with those who gave them hospitality. We shall not give hospitality to those who say (colluvarku) that these three are the heirs (uriyar) to these lands

so that... so that... so that... so that... For this reason, we, this whole assembly..., have issued this document as per our position.

Whereas the nāṭṭavars ordered so, I, [...]yanāṭṭ-ācāriyaṉ ...

The one who transgress this stone inscription will incur the sin of killing a cow on the banks of the river Ganges.This are my writings.

Reported in (ARIE/1899-1900/B/1900/106). Summary in (NA/728).

Edited in (SII 7.118).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis and Dorotea Operato, based on .

49-50 118 54 B/1900 106 176-177 NA-728