Nākappaṭṭiṉam, bronze label EpiDoc Encoding Emmanuel Francis intellectual authorship of edition Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00375

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis & Vincent Tournier.

 2019-2025 DHARMAbase Label on a Buddhist bronze.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

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Āḷ-uṭaiya ṉā yakar

The Nāyakar i.e., Lord Buddha who was the Lord of people.

The Lord, Lord of men.

comments thus: In this votive offering the Buddha is appropriately praised as the Lord of men in the spiritual sense.

The terms āḷ-uṭaiyāṉ / āḷ-uṭaiyaṉ and āḷ-uṭaiya, respectively a nominal and a adjectival form, literally mean "who owns/possesses men/servants/devotees". See MTL, s.v. āḷ-uṭaiyāṉ: n. 1. One who has accepted a person as servant; 2. Lord, Supreme Being. In the present case, it is not clear, but not relevant for the meaning, if we have to read āḷ-uṭaiyaṉāyakar (āḷ-uṭaiyaṉ + nāyakar) or āḷ-uṭaiya ṉnāyakar.

Compare Tamil Nadu 320.

The Śaiva saints and poets of the Tēvāram, Appar, Cuntarar, and Campantar, are respectively known in epigraphical sources as āḷ-uṭaiya v-aracu, āḷ-uṭaiya nampi, and āḷ-uṭaiya piḷḷaiyār / āḷ-uṭaiya tēvar.

Edited in , with a facsimile.

Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on and the facsimile therein.

p. 62 XXVII, no. 75 74 VI, no. 75