Kōvintapputtūr (Govindapputtūr), Gaṅgājaṭādhara temple, time of Parakesarivarman Uttama Cōḻa, year 12 author of digital edition Valérie Gillet Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Paris, CEIAS DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00523 DHARMAbase

Northern façade, on the wall section on the eastern side (= left) of the niche of Brahmā. Regnal year 12 of Kōpparakesarivarman = Uttamacōḻa (circa 983 CE).

Further conversion of digital encoding to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions) Conversion to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)

svasti śrī

kō-p-para-kēcari-pamaṉmār-āṉa śrī-Uttama-cōḻarkku yāṇṭu 10 2 Āvatu

vaṭa-karai-brahmatēyam periya vāṉavaṉ-mā devi-c-caturvveti-maṅkalattu śrī-kayilāyattu paramaśvāmikaḷukku to ṇṭai-ṉāu paḻuvūr-kōṭṭattu kāvaṉṉūr cekkiḻān Araiyaṉ caṅkara-nā rāyaṇaṉ-āṉa cōḻa-muttaraiyaṉṉ-ēṉ Iṉta periya vāṉavaṉ-mā-tēvi-peruṅ-kuṟi y-āḷḷum kaṇattāruḷ śrī-cōḻa-ḻa-māṇi-cēri sabhaiyārku Iṟai-y-ili mikai vicatt' iṭai Iṭṭa nilam vaṭa-kuṭi Ēri kiḻ Inta cēri sabhaiyār pakkal nān y-iṟai -y-ili koṇṭu Uṭaiya nilammm āvatu

y-ivv-ūr vaṭa-kuṭi Ēri kiḻ parakēycari-vāykk ālllukku vaṭakkum vaṭa-kūṭi Ēri talaikaṇi vāykkāllukku kiḻakkum vaṭa-v-āṟṟukku mē kkum śrī-cōḻa-cūḻa-maṇi-cēriyār muṉ viṟṟa nilam Iraṇṭā kaṇāṟṟu niīkki muṉṟā]]ṅ kaṇṇāṟu m laṅ= kaṇṇāṟum Añcākaṇṇāṟum Āṟuṅ kaṇṇāṟum Eḻā kaṇṇāṟummm āka nilam Iraṇṭ' araiyē muṟu mā-kk kāṇiyum

Ivv-ūr śrī-kayilllāyattu mahā-devaṟku cantrādittavaṟ nivantam ceyta paṭi Āḻvārkku tiru-Amutukku pōtu nā -nāḻi y-āka muṉṟu sandhikkum Arici kuṟuṇi nā-ṉṉāḻi kuttal-ariciyiṉāl nel mu-k-kuṟuṇi Aṟu-nāḻiyiṉāl Orr āṭṭai nāḷaikku nel nūṟṟu Oru pattu Iru-kalanē tūṇi-patakkukum ceyta nilam āvatu muṉṟum kaṇṇāṟṟu kulai Arai-mā Arai muṉtirikai

Āḻvārk ku ney Amutu nicatam Uḻakkukku nel kuṟuṇiyum kaṟi-Amutukku nel ṉā-nāḻiyum tayir-amutukku nel muṉ-ṉāḻi y-u riyum Aṭaikkāy-Amutukku nel y-iru-nāḻiyum Āka nel nicatam nel kuṟuṇi Eḻu ṉāḻināl Or āṭṭai nāḷai nellum pattu Aṟu-kalanē-y mu-k-kuṟuṇiyināl Iṭṭa nilam nālāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu mēkk' aṭaiya nāṉku mā-kāṇi Arai-k-kāṇi niīkki Iṉ kiḻakku Iṭṭa ni lam muṟu mā-k-kaṇi muntirikai

śaṃśkrāntikaḷ Ayanammm iraṇṭum viṣum Iraṇṭum vaiykāci-vicākamum Āka {3 fractions} saṃ gkn=tiyum namaṉamāṭi Aruḷa Abhiṣeka-dakṣiṇaikku paṭeruḷi tiru Amutu ceyyyavum nel Aim-patiṉ kalat tāl Iṭṭa nilam nālā kaṇṇāṟu mēkk' aṭaiya munṟu mā Arai-k-kāṇi

tiru-p-pukkaikum tiru-cantaṇattu Or āṭṭai nāḷaikku ne l Iru-patin kalattāl Iṭṭa nilam nālāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Itaṉnoṭu paṭaiya mā-kāṇi

tiru-paḷḷitāma-toṭuppārkum tirumeḻukku Iṭuvark kum Iṭṭa nilam nālāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu kaṟi-y-amutuku Iṭṭa nilattuku kiḻaku Arai-mā

Itanoṭum kiḻakk' aṭaiya tiru-viḻāvuku Aṭṭa vuku kaṟikkum viṟakukum Aṭṭuvitukum nel nicatam kalam āka nāḷ muku Eḻu kalattāl Iṭṭa nilam kāṇi muṉtirikai yum Āka pakaṇṇāṟṟu teṉ-kiḻaku nilam Arai-kāṇi

vaiykāci vicākatuku tiru-viḻāvukku Aṭa Arici patakk' ēḻu kuttal ni cata Aiṅ-kalam-āka nāḷ Eḻukku Arici mupat' aiṅ-kalattāl nel Eṇ-patiṉ kalattāl nilam Aiñcāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu kiḻal mēl teṟk' aṭaiya nilam kāl

tiru-viḻāvukku nicatam Eṇṇai mu-k-kuṟuṇi nāḷ Ēḻukku kalaṉē Iru-tūṇi kuṟuṇi-y-āka nāḻi Eṇaikku tūnellā vaṉta nel AAim-patt' aṟu kalattāl Iṭṭa nilam Itil vaṭakk' aṭaiya kiḻal mēl Iṭṭa nilam mu-m-mā-varai

putukku puṟattu nellu ṟṟu kalattāl Iṭṭa nilam Añcāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu nilam vaṭakk' aṭai ya kālum Āṟā kaṇṇāṟṟum kāṇi

tiruviḷak=ku nicatam Eṇṇai nāḻik=ku nel tuṇiyāl ṟṟu Iru=patiṉ kalattu Āṟāṅ kaṇāṟu mēkk' aṭaiya Eḻu mā-varai

Apiṣekam ceyu nampik=ku nicatam nel patakkin nāl Iṭṭa nilam kiḻakku muṉṟu mā mu-k-kāṇi

Uvaiccu Āḷ Āṟukku Iṭa nilam Eḻā kaṇṇāṟṟu mēkk' aṭaiya Eṭṭu mā -kāṇi muṉtirikai

tiru-nantavāṉam muṟukku Itaṉ Oṭu kiḻak=k' aṭaiya nilam Oru mā-v-arai

Itaṉ kiḻakku maṇṇu lam Oru mā Ita Oṭum Aṭaiya kiḻak=ku nilam Oṟu māvum yikā puk=ku paruṣaiyāk=ku nila kāṇi y-arai-k kāṇi mun=tirikai kaṇākāṇi niṟp pu Oruṉ Oraṭu Aṭai nilam Oru mākaṇākāṇik=ku I

cōḻarkku coḻaku coḻaku Iṉta Iṉta Iṉcu vicattiṭai vicattil kaṇṇāṟu m kaṇṇāṟu kaṇṇāṟu m laṅ nila nilaṅ nellum pattu nellu Aimmattu nellu Aimmattu

Fortune! Prosperity!

This is the 12th year of Kōpparakesarivarman.

To the Lord paraśvāmikaḷukku of Śrī Kayilāyam of big Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a brahmadeya on the northern bank, I, Cōḻamuttaraiyaṉ alias Cēkkiḻāṉ Araiyaṉ Caṅkara Nārāyaṇaṉ of Kāvaṉṉūr in Paḻuvūr kōṭṭam in Toṇṭaināṭu; the land which was placed for the abundant expenses mikai vicattu of the tax-free land for those of the Sabhā of Śrī Cōḻacūḻamāṇicēri including the managers kaṇattāruḷ of? the great assembly peruṅkuṟiyāḷḷum of this big Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi, I nān have taken, without taxes, from those of the Sabhā of this quarter inta cēri which is under the irrigation of the Vaṭakuṭi tank; this is the land nilam āvatu which I possess:

To the north of the canal Parakesari under the irrigation of the Vaṭakuṭi lake of this village; to the east of the canal Talaikaṇi of the Vaṭakūṭi lake; and to the west of the northern river; having removed the irrigation canal by the two lands bought before by those of the quarters cēriyār of Śrī Cōḻacūḻamāṇi; three sixteenth which are two and a half land as the seventh irrigation canal, the sixth and the fifth irrigation canal, the irrigation canal , the third irrigation canal.

To Mahādeva of Śrī Kayilāyam kayillāttu, that is, kayilāyattu of this village, as per the donation which was made as long as the sun and the moon endure, as four nāḻis for one time for food offerings for the Lord āḻvārkku, the rice for the three sandhi juncture of the day, with four nāḻis and one kuṟuṇi of pounded rice kuttal ariciyiṉāl, with six nāḻis and three kuṟuṇis of paddy, for one day in the year, this is the land which made one hundred and twelve kalams, one tūṇi and a patakku of paddy: half a muntirikai of a fourthieth on the rim of the third irrigation canal.

As one kuṟuṇi of paddy for one uḻakku every day of ghee food offering for the Lord āḻvākku, that is, āḻvārkku, four nāḻis of paddy for vegetable food offering, three nāḻis of paddy for curd food offering and two nāḻis of paddy for arecanut food offering, these are seven nāḻis and one kuṟuṇi of paddy everyday for one day in the year, the land was placed for three kuṟuṇis, six kalams of aimmattu? of paddy: a muntirikai and three sixteenth is the land nilam which was placed to the east, having removed four sixteenth of half a kāṇi on the western boundary of the fourth irrigation canal.

For the ritual fee of abhiṣeka abhiṣeka-dakṣiṇaikku for the gracious holy bath napaṉam āṭi aruḷa on five Saṅkrāntis, that are the Saṅkrāntis of the two ayanams, the two viṣus, and of the month of Vaikāci Vicākam, the land placed for fifty kalams of paddy to make holy food offering, having graciously , are three s and half a kāṇi on the western boundary of the fourth irrigation canal.

For one day in the year of sandal paste tirucantaṉattu for the holy smoke tiruppukkaikum, the land which was placed for twenty kalams of paddy is a sixteenth of the sluice with this fourth irrigation canal.

The land placed for those cleaning the floor with cow-dung tirumeḻukku iṭuvarkkum and those making the holy garlands tirupaḷḷitāmatoṭuppārkum is on the eastern boundary with this one-fourthieth to the east of the land placed for the vegetable food offering of the fourth irrigation canal.

For the supply of firewood viṟakukum and the vegetables kaṟikkum for the eight festivals tiruviḻāviku aṭṭavukku, as the daily kalams of paddy, the land which was placed for seven kalams and three kuṟuṇis per day is half a kāṇi of land to the south-east of the irrigation canal as a kāṇi and a muntirikai.

As five kalams everyday of seven patakkus of pounded rice supplied for the festival of Vaikāci Vicākam, for seven days, for seventy kalams of paddy and for thirty-five kalams of rice, the land is a quarter land on the south-western boundary to the east of the fifth irrigation canal.

For the festival tiru-viḻāvukku, three kuṟuṇis of oil everyday, as one kuṟuṇi and two tūṇis and one kalam for seven days, the land placed for fifty-six kalams of paddy accrued with pure paddy for one nāḻi of oil, is the land placed for hundred kalams of paddy of the land renovated for a sixteenth of the whole land placed on the west, to the east of the northern boundary in this, a kāṇi by the sixth irrigation canal and a quarter to the northern boundary of the land of the fifth irrigation canal.

For one nāḻi of oil every day for a lamp, hundred and twenty kalams with one tūṇi of paddy, seven sixteenth on the western boundary of the sixth irrigation canal.

For Nampi performing the abhiṣeka, the land placed for one patakku of paddy everyday is three s and three kāṇis to the east.

For six men āḷ with drums uvaiccu, the land placed is one muntirikai, one kāṇi and eight s on the western boundary of the seventh irrigation canal.

One eighth of land on the eastern boundary with this for the existence uṟukku? of a holy garden tirunantavāṉam.

One of land to the east which joins with this one of dry land to the east of this, the land for those of the assembly paruṣaiyārkku who enter pukku ?, one muntirikai and half a kāṇi and a kāṇi, one of land joining with one of the temple manager kaṇkāṇi, for the temple manager kaṇkāṇikku

The inscription is apparently left unfinished.

Reported in (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/158).

Edited in (SII 32, part 2, no. 104). Edited and translated in , based on autopsy and photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2018).

This revised edition and translation by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis. Letters legible in SII 32.2.104 are marked here unclear but not recorded in the apparatus.

218-220 104 85-87 13 TBC B/1928-1929 158