Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai, recapitulative set of copper-plates EpiDoc Encoding Margherita Trento intellectual authorship of edition Renato Dávalos Emmanuel Francis Margherita Trento DHARMA Aubervilliers DHARMA_INSTiruvavatuturai00001

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by John Doe.

 2019-2025 DHARMAbase A recapitulative set of copper-plates listing fifteen different grants dated from Śaka year 1360 to Śaka year 1448. The grants are however not ordered chronologically in the set.

ka and ta are very similar.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_idListMembers_v01.xml file.

 Creation of the file
Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448 śubham astu 1

śrī

sakāttam 1000 4 100 4 10 8-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa viya-saṁvat·sarat=tu tu lā-nāyaṟṟu pūrvva-pakṣat=tu sukra-vāramum peṟṟa puṇarpūcat=tu nāḷ

miḻa lai-k-kūṟṟat=tu naṭuviṟ-kūṟṟu tanṉiyūr tirupperuntuṟai Āḷuṭaiya parama-svāmiyaḷukku Aṟantāṅki Aracu Ēkapperumāḷ toṇṭai māṉār poṉṉampala-nāta-toṇṭaimāṉār Ūrkaḷ upakṣaya-dhā rā-pūrvvam-āka vilaippiṟamāṇam paṇṇik koṭut=ta Ūrkaḷ āvaṉa mi ḻalaikkūṟṟat=tu mēlkūṟṟattu peruṉāvallūraṟkum yitukku uṭpaṭṭa puravukkum perunāṉk’ ellai Āvaṉa kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tirupperuntuṟai Ellaikku mēṟkum teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai paḻantāmarai-k-kuḷat=tukkum vāyit=talaik=ku m ciṟṟaṭampūr marutaṅkuṭi Ellaikkum vaṭakkum mēṟ-pāṟkellai vīramaṅ kalat=til Ellaikkuk kiḻakkum vaṭa-pāṟk' ellai veḷḷāṟṟu teṟkum Āka y-icai
 nta peru-ṉānṉk’ ellaikku Uṭpaṭṭa peruṉāvallūrukkum vaṭa-veḷḷā 
ṟṟu-nāṭṭu-p paṉaiṅkaiya-nāṭṭu Araiyar kuḷapaṟṟu vēṅkūr Eḻuvaṉēri peru -ṉānk' ellaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum y-iṉṉāṭṭil y-inta paṟṟu śrī-kaṇṭamaṅkalam ca tu-sīmaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum Āka y-inta Ūrkaḷukku uṇṭānṉa sakala-samudāya prāptikaḷum maṟṟum nāmaṅ koḷum yiṟai yupātikaḷ maṟṟum Epēṟpa ṭ=ṭaṉavum sarvvamum sarvvamāṉyamāka Upakṣaya-dhārapūṟuvamāka vilaippiṟama āṉam paṇṇi vilai niccaitta cakkaram poṉ 3 1000 yippoṉ mūvvāyirat tukkum U yinta Ūrkaḷ cantiRĀtit=tavarai cella dhārāpūrvvamāka koṭuttatōm

Āḷuṭaiya paramasvāmikku poṉṉampalat toṇṭaimāṉāRŌm yiṉṉā ḷil miḻalaikkūṟṟattu paḻantaRĀpmmai puravu Aṟikil kuṭi nīṅkāt tēvatāṉamāka ca ntiRĀtityavarai cellak kuṭuttamaikkum cempilum kallilum veṭ=ṭikkoḷḷa- kkē kaṭavaR Ākavum

y-itu satyam·~ dānapālanayōr maddhyē dānāt· cchreyo ’nupālanam· . dānāt· svargam avāpnōti pālanād acyutam· padam· . svadattāt· dviguṇam · puṇyam · paradattānupālanam· . paradattāpahārēṇa svadattan niṣphalam · bhavēt·. svadattām · paradattāṁ vā yo haretia vasvaun dharām . ṣaṣṭir-varṣa-sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāñ jāyate kṛmiḥ . Ekaika bhaginī loke sarvveṣām eva bhūbhujāḥ. nā bhōjyā na karagrāhyā vipradattā vasundharāḥ. sāmāṉyo yan dharmma-setur nṛpāṇāṁ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavat·bhiḥ . sarvān etānn bhāvinaḥ pārtthivendraān· bhūyo bhūyo yācate rām acandraḥ .

y-inta dharmmattukku Ahitam pa ṇṇiṉavarkaḷ gaṁgaik karaiyilē kapilaiyum kaRĀm pacuvaiyum guruvaiyum brāhma ṇaṉaiyum mādtā-pidt]āvaiyum taṅkaiyālē koṉṟa pāpattilē pōka kaṭava R Ākavum

samam Ippaṭ=ṭikku cantiRĀtityavarai cella naṭatti-k koḷḷavum .

satyam
Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440

svasti śrīman· mahāmaṇḍaleśvaran· AriyaRĀyar vibhāṭan· bhāṣaikku tappuvaRāyiar ka ṇḍan· catusamudrādhipati śrīvīrapradtāpan· kṛṣṇadevamahārāyar

pṛthivīrā jyam· paṇṇi Aruḷā niṉṟāa śakābtdam· 1000 4 100 4 10-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vēvuku- dhānya-saṁvat·sarattu dakṣiṇāyanattu śaradṛtu saṁjñitamāna vṛści-nāyaṟṟu pūrvvapa kṣat=tu ṣaṣṭiyum· somavāramum peṟṟa tiruvōṇattu nāḷ

Grant no. 3

...

Grant no. 4

...

Grant no. 5

...

Grant no. 6

...

Grant no. 7

...

Grant no. 8

...

Grant no. 9

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Grant no. 10

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Grant no. 11

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Grant no. 12

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Grant no. 13

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Grant no. 14

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Grant no. 15

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Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448

Fortune!

Viya year, while the Śaka year 1448 is going on, on the month of the libraI.e. the seventh month., during the first halfI.e. the days of the waxing moon., and on a Friday, on the day of the seventh star puṇarpūcamI.e. punarvasu?

I, Toṇṭaimāṉ Poṉṉampalanātaṉ, son of Toṇṭaimāṉ Ēkapperumāḷ, king of Aṟantāṅki, to the supreme Lord who rules in Tirupperuntuṟai, an independent settlement taṉiyūr in the Naṭuviṟkūṟu in Miḻalaikkūṟṟam, give the settlements which follow, after having made a sale-deed vilaippiṟamāṇam with ... and water upakṣaya-dhārā-pūrvam-āka for the donation of such settlements; the four great boundaries of the the endowed land puravukku which lies within Peruṉāvallūr, in the above-mentioned kūṟu in the Miḻalaikkūṟṟam are as follows.

The boundary on the eastern side is on the west of the boundary of Tirupperuntuṟai; the boundary on the southern side is north of the boundary of Ciṟṟatampūr Marutaṅkuṭi, of the old lotus pond, and of the head-sluice of channel; the boundary on the western side is east of the boundary in Vīramaṅkalam; the northern boundary is south of the Vēḷḷāṟu river. This being so, to Peruṉāvallūr which is within these four aforementioned boundaries, to Eḻuvaṉēri Vēṅkūr which is adjacent to Araiyar kuḷa in the Paṉaiṅkaiya region in the region of the northern Veḷḷāṟu and is within these four boundaries, and to Śrī Kaṇtamaṅkalam in this country which is adjacent to that, and is completely within these four boundaries, all the collective revenues that belong to these towns, and the dues from the taxes which bear names, whatever name they may have, all of them, having acquired them as a tax-free endowment, along with the water streams, by making this sale dead, the price being established to 3000 golden cakkaram coins, in exchange for these three thousand golds, I give these towns along with their water streams until the sun ans the moon.

The donation that I, Poṉṉambala Toṇṭaimāṉ, make to the supreme Lord paramasvāmi who is Lord in Tirupperuntuṟai, on this day, as an endowment of lands to the temple without removing the cultivating tenants in the vicinity (aṟikil, that is, arukil) of [paḻantarāmmai] land in the Miḻalaikuṟṟu, shall be inscribed on copper and on stone, for the donation to last until the sun and the moon.

This is true.

Between giving or protecting a donation, protecting is better than giving ; from giving one obtains heaven, from protecting the place from which there is no falling down.

Protecting the donation made by others has twice the meritorious quality than making oneself a donation; and by harming the gift made by others, one’s own gift becomes fruitless.

Whoever may steal the land donated by him, or donated by another, becomes a warm in the excrements for sixty thousand years.

The land which is given to brahmins should not be enjoyed nor taken for taxes, it is in this world the only sister for all the kings.

This bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it [...]

Whoever harms this dharma, will incur in the same sin as if killing with his own hands his mother, father, guru, a brahmin, a calf or a tawny cow on the shores of the Gaṅgā.

This will last until the sun and the moon.

This is the truth.

Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440
Grant no. 3
Grant no. 4
Grant no. 5
Grant no. 6
Grant no. 7
Grant no. 8
Grant no. 10
Grant no. 11
Grant no. 12
Grant no. 13
Grant no. 14
Grant no. 15

Reported in (ARIE/1986-1987/A/1986-1987/**).

Edited in as individual grants (nos. 1-15), whereas they are in fact found in succession in a single set of plates. These editions are not taken systematically into account since the editor regularly adapts Sanskrit words to Tamil spelling.

This edition by Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis and Margherita Trento (2024), based on EFEO photographs (2015).

36-72 1-15