Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai, recapitulative set of copper-plates author of digital edition Margherita Trento Renato Dávalos Emmanuel Francis DHARMA Aubervilliers DHARMA_INSTiruvavatuturai00001

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2019-2025
DHARMAbase A recapitulative set of copper-plates listing fifteen different grants dated from Śaka year 1360 to Śaka year 1448. The grants are however not ordered chronologically in the set.

ka and ta are very similar.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_idListMembers_v01.xml file.

Creation of the file
Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448 śubham astu 1

śrī

sakāttam 1000 4 100 4 10 8-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa viya-saṁvat·sarat=tu tu -nāyaṟṟu pūrvva-pakṣat=tu sukra-vāramum peṟṟa puṇarpūcat=tu nāḷ

miḻa lai-k-kūṟṟat=tu naṭuviṟ-kūṟṟu taniyūr tirupperuntuṟai Āḷuṭaiya parama-svāmiyaḷukku Aṟantāṅki Aracu Ēkapperumāḷ toṇṭai māṉār poṉṉampala-nāta-toṇṭaimāṉār Ūrkaḷ upakṣaya-dhā rā-pūrvvam-āka vilaippiṟamāṇam paṇṇik koṭut=ta Ūrkaḷ āvaṉa mi ḻalaikkūṟṟat=tu mēlkūṟṟattu peruṉāvallūraṟkum yitukku uṭpaṭṭa puravukkum perunāṉk’ ellai Āvaṉa kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tirupperuntuṟai Ellaikku mēṟkum teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai paḻantāmarai-k-kuḷat=tukkum vāyit=talaik=ku m ciṟṟaṭampūr marutaṅkuṭi Ellaikkum vaṭakkum mēṟ-pākellai vīramaṅ kalat=til Ellaikkuk kiḻakkum vaṭa-pāṟk' ellai veḷḷāṟṟu teṟkum Āka y-icai
 nta peru-ṉānk’ ellaikku Uṭpaṭṭa peruṉāvallūrukkum vaṭa-veḷḷā 
ṟṟu-nāṭṭu-p paṉaiṅkaiya-nāṭṭu Araiyar kuḷapaṟṟu vēṅkūr Eḻuvaṉēri peru -ṉānk' ellaikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum y-iṉṉāṭṭil y-inta paṟṟu śrī-kaṇṭamaṅkalam ca tu-maikku Uḷpaṭṭaṉavum Āka y-inta Ūrkaḷukku uṇṭāna sakala-samudāya prāptikaḷum maṟṟum nāmaṅ koḷum yiṟai yutikaḷ maṟṟum Epēṟpa ṭ=ṭaṉavum sarvvamum sarvvamāṉyamāka Upakṣaya-dhārapūṟuvamāka vilaippiṟam āṉam paṇṇi vilai niccaitta cakkaram poṉ 3 1000 yippoṉ mūvvāyirat tukkum U yinta Ūrkaḷ cantiRĀtit=tavarai cella dhārāpūrvvamāka koṭuttatōm

Āḷuṭaiya paramasvāmikku poṉṉampalat toṇṭaimāṉāRŌm yiṉṉā ḷil miḻalaikkūṟṟattu paḻantaRĀpmmai puravu Aṟikil kuṭi nīṅkāt tēvatāṉamāka ca ntiRĀtityavarai cellak kuṭuttamaikkum cempilum kallilum veṭ=ṭikkoḷḷa- kkē kaṭavaR Ākavum

y-itu satyam·~ dānapālanayōr maddhyē dānāt· cchreyo ’nupālanam· . dānāt· svargam avāpnōti pālanād acyutam· padam· . svadattāt· dviguṇam · puṇyam · paradattānupālanam· . paradattāpahārēṇa svadattan niṣphalam · bhavēt·. svadattām · paradattāṁ vā yo haretia vasvaun dharām . ṣaṣṭir-varṣa-sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāñ jāyate kṛmiḥ . Ekaika bhaginī loke sarvveṣām eva bhūbhujāḥ. nā bhojyā na karagrāhyā vipradattā vasundharā . māṉyo yan dharmma-setur nṛpāṇāṁ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavat·bhi . sarvān etānn bhāvinaḥ pārtthivendraā bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmacandraḥ .

y-inta dharmmattukku Ahitam pa ṇṇiṉavarkaḷ gaṁgaik karaiyikapilaiyum kaRĀm pacuvaiyum guruvaiyum brāhma ṇaṉaiyum dtā-pidtāvaiyum taṅkaiyālē koṉṟa pāpattilē pōka kaṭava R Ākavum

samam Ippaṭ=ṭikku cantiRĀtityavarai cella naṭatti-k koḷḷavum .

satyam
Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440

svasti śrīman· mahāmaṇḍaleśvaran· AriyaRĀyar vibhāṭan· bhāṣaikku tappuvaRāyiar ka ṇḍan· catusamudrādhipati śrīvīrapradtāpan· kṛṣṇadevamahārāyar pṛthi jyam· paṇṇi

Aruḷā niṉṟāa śakābtdam· 1000 4 100 4 10-ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vēvuku- dhānya-saṁvat·sarattu dakṣiṇāyanattu śaradṛtu saṁjñitamāna vṛści-nāyaṟṟu pūrvvapa kṣat=tu ṣaṣṭiyum· somaramum peṟṟa tiruvōṇattu nāḷ

miḻalai-k-kūṟṟattu naṭuvi -k-kūṟṟam brahmadeśam· taṉiyūr tirupperuntuṟaiyāṉa pavittiṟa-māṇikka-nalluū r caturvvetimaṅkalattu nāyaṉār Āḷuṭaiya paramacuvāmiṟku

vaṭaveḷḷāṟāṉa cun tirapāṇṭiya-vaḻaḷanāṭṭu Iḷaṅkōnāṭṭu Aṟantāṅki Aracu Accamaṟiyātā ṉ Āḷuṭaiya tampiRĀnĀR śrīpātaśekhara Ēkapperumāḷ toṇṭaimānar poṉṉampalat toṭaimāṉār

tammuṭaiya janma-nakṣatra-kālat=tilē Āḷuṭai ya tampiRĀṉāṟku pēr poṉṉampalanātan ciṟukāla-sandhi Ēṉṟu Ācandrārkka- sthāyi Āka naivēdyam naṭakkum paṭikku

sahiraṇya UdakaādhĀRapūrvvamāka kuṭu tta vaṭaveḷāṟāṉa cuntirapāṇṭiya-vaḷa-nāṭṭu paṉaiñkaya-nāṭṭu kīḻai vi jayapurattikku perunāṉkellai Āvaṉa paṉaiñkuḷat=tu puravukku mēṟku kuṟuṅkā-k kōṭṭaip puravukku vaṭakku mēlaivijayapurat=tu puravukkum paḷḷi-vayallu- kku matakum kiḻakku maṅkalaṉāṭṭup puravukku teṟkum Āka Icainta perunāṉk' ellaikku Uṭpaṭ=ṭa

nidhi-nikṣepa-jala-pāṣāṇa-Akṣiiī-Āgāmi-si- ddha-sāddhyam· Eṉkiṉa Aṣṭabhōgajasvāmyaṃkaḷum· go-bhū-hiraṇyādiyum uṭpaṭ=ṭa dānādhi vinimaya vikrayaṃkaḷukkum yogyam· Āka

Ācandrārkka sthāyai Āka sarvvamum· sarvvamānyamāka tirunāmat=tu-k-kāṇiyāka ścantdtityavaṟ-c cella Anubhavait=tu k=koḷḷa-kkaṭavaR Ākavum· ||

Grant no. 3

dhātu-varuattukku-c cellum Īśvara-varuṣam· puraṭṭāti-mātam 2=10 2

śrīmaNmūvaRĀyar kaṇṭaṉ IRĀcamīcar kaṇṭaṉ matiyāta maṉṉar maṇavāḷaṉ camara-kōlākaraṉ pū-pā la-kōpālaṉ bhuvanēka-vīraṉ paṭṭana-māṉaṅ kāttāṉ srīmatu-vīra vīra-pratāpa-mā-vali-vāṇātaiRĀyar

kuṭut=ta dharmma-śāsana-paṭṭaiyaṅ kot=ta paṭi nāmuṉṉē perumāḷ vīra-pāṇṭaiya-tēvaraiyum veḷḷāṟṟu kku vaṭakkē cōḻa-maṇṭalattailē Ōṭṭi miḻalai-k-kūṟṟat=tu naṭuviṟ kū ṟṟu brahmatēyam taṉiyūr tiru-p-perun-tuṟai-y-āṉa pavitra-māṇik=ka-c-ca turvveti-maṅkalat=tu nāyaṉṉār Āḷuṭaiya parama-svāmikaḷaiyum sevit=tu namuṭaiya pēRĀlē veṭṭu mā-vali-vāṇātaiRĀyaṉ canti Āka Oru cantivu pūcaiyumm āka-p piṟanta nāḷtōṟum viśeṣa-pūcaiyum naṭakkum paṭi ĀAmut=tutu-p-paṭi kaṟi-y-amutu cāt=tu-paṭi tiru-p-parivaṭṭam, tiru-mālai tiru-mēṟpūccu tiru -viḷakkum piṭṭu=M vēṇṭum

nitya-niman=taṅkaḷukkum tiru-nāmat=tu kāṇi-y-āka hiraṇyo Udaka-dhārā-pūrvvam-āka kuṭuttiu tiru=nāmat=tu=k kāṇi-y-āvana

Iṭaiyāṟṟu-nāṭṭu pāppāk=kuṭiyāṉa paṭaiyēṟaviṭṭāṉ nallūrum teṉ-kaḷa-vēḻvi-nā ṭṭu vēmpaṟṟūr puravu-vēṅkaṭṭi Ēmpalāṉa veḷḷāṟ=ṟil veṉṟāṉ nallū- rrum Āka Inta reṇṭu Ūrkkum peru-nāṉk’ ellai y-āvaṉa kiīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai vē mpaṟṟūr kuḷat=tukkum neṭuṅ-kuḷat=tu y-uḷ vāykkum mēṟpaṭi vayalukkum mē ṟku teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai vēmpaṟṟūr paḻakālukkum villavaRĀyaṉ Ēntalukku va ṭakkum -pāṟk’ ellai caṭaṅki Ellaikkum kaṇakkaṉkuṭi maṅkāmal-kāt=tār Ēṉtalukkum Eluppu-kuḷat=tu vayaparimpukkum tāyaṉār Ēntalukkum kiḻakku vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai ceyaṅ-koṇṭa-cōḻa-nakarat=tukku teṟkum Āka Icainta peru-nāṉ k’ ellaikku Uṭpaṭṭa pāppĀRkuṭi veṇkaṭṭikku Uṭpaṭṭa sa-prāpti kaḷum tirunāmat=tuk kāṇikku sarvvamum· sarvva-mānyam āka Āṇṭu koḷḷavu

Inta Ū rkaḷ cantrātityavara-c cella Inta Ūrkaḷ nāṉk’ ellaikkum kallilum cempilum veṭṭi-k koḷḷavum Āka

Inta tiru-nāmattu-k kāṇikku Aḻaka tiruvuḷḷam

Grant no. 4: Śaka year 1448

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Grant no. 5

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Grant no. 6

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Grant no. 7

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Grant no. 8

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Grant no. 9

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Grant no. 10

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Grant no. 11

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Grant no. 12

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Grant no. 13

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Grant no. 14

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Grant no. 15

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Grant no. 1: Śaka year 1448

Fortune!

Viya year, while the Śaka year 1448 is going on, on the month of the libraI.e. the seventh month., during the first halfI.e. the days of the waxing moon., and on a Friday, on the day of the seventh star puṇarpūcamI.e. punarvasu?

I, Toṇṭaimāṉ Poṉṉampalanātaṉ, son of Toṇṭaimāṉ Ēkapperumāḷ, king of Aṟantāṅki, to the supreme Lord who rules in Tirupperuntuṟai, an independent settlement taṉiyūr in the Naṭuviṟkūṟu in Miḻalaikkūṟṟam, give the settlements which follow, after having made a sale-deed vilaippiṟamāṇam with ... and water upakṣaya-dhārā-pūrvam-āka for the donation of such settlements; the four great boundaries of the the endowed land puravukku which lies within Peruṉāvallūr, in the above-mentioned kūṟu in the Miḻalaikkūṟṟam are as follows.

The boundary on the eastern side is on the west of the boundary of Tirupperuntuṟai; the boundary on the southern side is north of the boundary of Ciṟṟatampūr Marutaṅkuṭi, of the old lotus pond, and of the head-sluice of channel; the boundary on the western side is east of the boundary in Vīramaṅkalam; the northern boundary is south of the Vēḷḷāṟu river. This being so, to Peruṉāvallūr which is within these four aforementioned boundaries, to Eḻuvaṉēri Vēṅkūr which is adjacent to Araiyar kuḷa in the Paṉaiṅkaiya region in the region of the northern Veḷḷāṟu and is within these four boundaries, and to Śrī Kaṇtamaṅkalam in this country which is adjacent to that, and is completely within these four boundaries, all the collective revenues that belong to these towns, and the dues from the taxes which bear names, whatever name they may have, all of them, having acquired them as a tax-free endowment, along with the water streams, by making this sale dead, the price being established to 3000 golden cakkaram coins, in exchange for these three thousand golds, I give these towns along with their water streams until the sun ans the moon.

The donation that I, Poṉṉambala Toṇṭaimāṉ, make to the supreme Lord paramasvāmi who is Lord in Tirupperuntuṟai, on this day, as an endowment of lands to the temple without removing the cultivating tenants in the vicinity (aṟikil, that is, arukil) of [paḻantarāmmai] land in the Miḻalaikuṟṟu, shall be inscribed on copper and on stone, for the donation to last until the sun and the moon.

This is true.

Between giving or protecting a donation, protecting is better than giving ; from giving one obtains heaven, from protecting the place from which there is no falling down.

Protecting the donation made by others has twice the meritorious quality than making oneself a donation; and by harming the gift made by others, one’s own gift becomes fruitless.

Whoever may steal the land donated by him, or donated by another, becomes a warm in the excrements for sixty thousand years.

The land which is given to brahmins should not be enjoyed nor taken for taxes, it is in this world the only sister for all the kings.

This bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it [...]

Whoever harms this dharma, will incur in the same sin as if killing with his own hands his mother, father, guru, a brahmin, a calf or a tawny cow on the shores of the Gaṅgā.

This will last until the sun and the moon.

This is the truth.

Grant no. 2: Śaka year 1440
Grant no. 3
Grant no. 4
Grant no. 5
Grant no. 6
Grant no. 7
Grant no. 8
Grant no. 10
Grant no. 11
Grant no. 12
Grant no. 13
Grant no. 14
Grant no. 15

Reported in (ARIE/1986-1987/A/1986-1987/57,**).

Edited in as individual grants (nos. 1-15), whereas they are in fact found in succession in a single set of plates. These editions are not taken systematically into account since the editor regularly adapts Sanskrit words to Tamil spelling.

This edition by Margherita Trento (2024), based on EFEO photographs (2015).

36-72 1-15