Biyala Plate of Mahīpāla I, year 35 EpiDoc Encoding Ryosuke Furui intellectual authorship of edition Ryosuke Furui DHARMA Tokyo DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00026

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Translation encoding modified. Encoding modified. Translation modified. Encoding correction. Encoding corrections made. Translation of stanza 11 modified. Text, apparatus and translation modified sue to re-reading of this and other plates. Translation modified on the input of Dominic Goodall. Translation of stanza 6 modified. Texparts and lines rearranged. Apparatus textpart division head added. Apparatus line assignment corrected. Stanza 2 translation corrected. Dandas encoded as glyphs. Commentary added. Apparatus and Translation conpleted. Text and Apparatus conpleted. Text and markups on obverse confirmed and corrected on fresh reading. Updating toward the encoding template v03 converted to template v02 version revision creation of the file
Seal śrī-mahīpāladevasya
Plate nini

svasti

maitrīṅ kāruṇya-ratna-pramudita-hr̥dayaḥ preyasīṁ saṁdadhaānaḥ samyak-samvodhi-vidyā-sarid-amala-jala-kṣālitājñāna-paṅkaḥ. jitvā yaḥ kāma-kāri-prabhavam abhibhavaṁ śāśvatīm prāpa śāntiṁ sa śrīmāl lokanātho jayati daśa-valo 'nyaś ca gopāla-devaḥ. lakṣmī-janma-niketanaṁ samakaro voḍhuṁ kṣamaḥ kṣmā-bharam pakśa-ccheda-bhayād upasthitavatām ekāśrayo bhū-bhr̥tām·. maryādā-paripālanaika-nirataḥ śauryālayo 'smād abhūd dugdhāmbhodhi-vilāsa-hāsi-mahimā śrī-dharmmapālo nr̥paḥ. rāmasyeva gr̥hīta-satya-tapasas tasyānurūpo guṇaiḥ saumittrer udapādi tulya-mahimā vākpāla-nāmānuja. yaḥ śrīmān naya-vikramaika-vasatir bhrātuḥ sthitaḥ śāsane śūnyāḥ śatru-patākibhir akarod ekātapattrā diśaḥ. tasmād upendra-caritair jagatīṁ punānaḥ putro vabhūva vijayī jayapāla-nāmā. dharmma-dviṣāṁ śamayitā yudhi devapāle yaḥ pūrvva-je bhuvana-rājya-sukhāny anaiṣīt·. śrīmān vigrahapālas tat-sūnur ajātaśatrur iva jātaḥ. śatru-vanitā-prasādhana-vilopi-vimalāsi-jala-dhāraḥ. dik-pālaiḥ kṣiti-pālanāya dadhataṁ dehe vibhaktāṅ guṇān· śrīmataṁ janayām vabūva tanayaṁ nārāyaṇaṁ sa prabhum·. yaḥ kṣoṇī-patibhiḥ śiro-maṇi-rucā-śliṣṭāṅghri-pīṭhopalaṁ nyāyopāttam alañ-cakāra caritaiḥ svair eva dharmmāsanam·. toyāśayair jaladhi-mūla-gabhīra-garvbhair ddevālayaiś ca kula-bhū-dhara-tulya-kakṣaiḥ. vikhyāta-kīrttir abhavat tanayaś ca tasya śrī-rājyapāla Iti madhyama-loka-pālaḥ. tasmāt pūrvva-kṣiti-dhrān nidhir iva mahasāṁ rāṣṭrakūṭānvayendos tuṅgasyottuṅga-mauler dduhitari tanayo bhāgyadevyāṁ prasūtaḥ. śrīmān gopāla-devaś cirataram avaner eka-patnyā Ivaiko bharttā 'bhūn naika-ratna-dyuti-khacita-catuḥ-sindhu-citrāṁśukāyāḥ. yaṁ svāminaṁ rāja-guṇair anūnam āsevate cārutayānuraktā. Utsāha-mantra-prabhu-śakti-lakṣmīḥ pr̥thvīṁ sa-patnīm iva śīlayantī. tasmād vabhūva savitur vvasu-koṭi-varṣī kālena candra Iva vigrahapāla-devaḥ. netra-priyeṇa vimalena kalāmayena yenoditena dalito bhuvanasya tāpaḥ. hata-sakala-vipakṣaḥ saṅgare vāhu-darppād anadhikr̥ta-viluptaṁ rājyam āsādya pitryaṁ. nihita-caraṇa-padmo bhū-bhujāṁ mūrddhni tasmād abhavad avani-pālaḥ śrī-mahīpāla-devaḥ. deśe prāci pracura-payasi svaccham āpīya toyaṁ svairaṁ bhrāntvā tad-anu malayopatyakā-candaneṣu. kr̥tvā sāndrair mmaruṣu jaḍatāṁ śīkarair avbhra-tulyāḥ prāleyādreḥ kaṭakam abhajan yasya senā-gajendrāḥ.

sa khalu bhāgīrathī-patha-pravarttamāna-nānā-vidha-nau-vā ṭaka-sampādita-setu-vandha-nihita-śaila-śikhara-śreṇī-vibhramāt·. niratiśaya-ghana-ghanāghana-ghaṭā-śyāmāyamāna-vāsara-lakṣmī-samāravdha-santata-jalada-samaya-sandehāt·. Udīcīnāneka-nara-pati-prābhr̥tī-kr̥tāprameya-haya-vāhinī-khara-khurotkhāta-dhūlī-dhūsarita-digantarālāt·. parameśvara-sevā-samāyātāśeṣa-jamvudvīpa-bhū-pālānanta-pādāta-bhara-namad-avaneḥ -samāvāsita-śrīmaj-jaya-skandhāvārāt·. paramasaugato mahārājādhirāja-śrī-vigrahapāla-deva-pādānu dhyātaḥ. parameśvaraḥ paramabhaṭṭaārako mahārājaādhirājaḥ śrīmān mahīpāla-devaḥ kuśalī. śrī-purṇḍravarddhana-bhuktau. koṭīvarṣa-viṣaye. Amalakī-maṇḍalāntaḥpāti-sva-samvaddhāvicchinna-talopeta -palāśavr̥nde. sahasra-purāṇa-pramāṇe. samupagatāśeṣa-rāja-puruṣān·. rāja.janyaka.japutra. rājāmātya. mahāsāndhivigrahika. ma hākṣapaṭalika. mahāsāmanta. mahāsenāpati. mahāpra tihāra. daussādhasādhanika. mahādaṇḍanāyaka. mahāku mārātya. rājasthānīyoparika. daśāparādhika. cauroddharaṇika. dāṇḍika. dāṇḍapaāśika. śaulkika. goaulmika. kṣetrapa pa. prāntapāla. koṭṭapāla. Aṅgarakṣa. tad-āyukta. viniyuktaka. hastyaśvoṣṭranauvalavyāpr̥taka. kiśoravaḍavāgomahīiṣya jāvikādhyakṣa. ta-preṣaṇika. gamāgamika. Abhitvaramāṇa. viṣayapati. grāmapati. tarika. gauḍa. mālava. khaśa.ṇa. kulika. karṇṇāṭa. lāṭa. cāṭa. bhaṭa. sevakādīn anyām̐ś cākīrttitān·. rāja-pādopajīvinaḥ. prativāsino vrāhmaṇottarā n· mahattamottama-kuṭumvi-puroga-medāndhra-caṇḍāla-paryantān·. yathārhaṁ mānayati vodhayati. samādiśati ca.

vidita m astu bhavatām·. yathopari-likhito ’yaṁ grāmaḥ. sva-sīmā-tr̥ṇa-puūti-gocara-paryantaḥ. sa-talaḥ. soddeśaḥ.mra-madhū kāa. sa-jalasthalaḥ. sa-garttoṣaraḥ. sa-daśāpacāraḥ. sa-cauroddharaṇaḥ. paridhr̥ta-sarvva-pīḍaḥ. A-cāṭa-bhaṭa-praveśaḥ Akiñcit-pragrāhyaḥ. samasta-bhāga-bhoga-kara-hiraṇyādi-pratyāya-sametaḥ. bhūmi-cchidra-nyāyena. Ā-candrārkka-kṣiti-sama -kāla.tā-pitror ātmanaś ca puṇya-yaśo ’bhivr̥ddhaye. bhagavantaṁ vuddha-bhaṭṭārakam uddiśya. sagotrāya. Aṅgirasa -Āmahīyavaurukṣaya-pravarāya. manoratha-savrahmacāriṇe. paippalāda-śākhādhyāyine. mīmāṁsā-vyākaraṇa-tarkka-vi dyā-vide. smintā-maṇḍala-vinirggatāya. kamanāhāra-vāstavyāya. da-paubhaṭṭa-lakṣmīdhara-putrā ya. bhaṭṭaputra-śrī-grahadevaśarmmaṇe. viśuvat·-saṁkrāntau vidhivat·. gaṅgāyāṁ snātvā śāsanī-kr̥tya pradatto Asmābhiḥ. A to bhavadbhiḥ sarvvair evānumantavyam·. bhāvibhir api bhūpatibhiḥ. bhūmer ddāna-phala-gaura. Apaharaṇe ca mahā-nara ka-pāta-bhayāt· dānam idam anumodyānupālanīyam·. prativāsibhiś ca kṣetrakaraiḥ Ājñā-śravaṇa-vidheyī-bhūya yathā -kālaṁ samucita-bhāga-bhoga-kara-hiraṇyādi-pratyāyopanayaḥ. kārya Iti.

samvat· 35 Āṣāḍha-dine 1.

bhavanti cātra dharmmānuśasinaḥ ślokāḥ.

vahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhiḥ. yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phala. bhūmiṁ yaḥ pratigr̥hṇāti yaś ca bhūmiṁ prayacchati. Ubhau tau puṇya-karmmāṇau niyataṁ svargga-gāminau. gām ekāṁ svarṇṇam ekañ ca bhūmer apy arddham aṅgulam·. haran narakam aāyāti yāvad āhūta-saṁplava.. ṣaṣṭim varṣa-sahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ. Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaset·. sva-dattām para-dattām vā yo hareta vasundharā. sa viṣṭhāyāṁ krimir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate. sarvvān etān bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrān bhūyo bhūyaḥ prārthayaty eṣa rāmaḥ. nyo 'yaṁ dharmma-setur nnr̥pāṇāṁ le kāle pālanīyaḥ krameṇa. Iti kamala-dalāmvu-vindu-lolāṁ śriyam anucintya manuṣya-jīvitañ ca. sakalam idam uhr̥tañ ca vuddhvā na hi puruṣaiḥ para-kīrttayo vilopyāḥ. śrī-mahīpāladevena dvija-śreṣṭhopapādite. mantri-śrī-pthivīsiṅha śāsane dūtakaḥ kr̥taḥ. ghoṣa-grāma-niryāta-śūdradevasya sūnunā. Idaṁ śāsanam utkīrṇṇaṁ śrī-dāmāditya-śilpinā.
Plate niniThe character ni,which seems to be an abbreviation for nibaddha "confirmed", is engraved at the both ends of the line 1. śrīmālśrīmal- -vasatirvasatir jagatīṁjagatīṁ anaiṣīt·anaisīt anūnamanūnam -sevā-samā˚Written in smaller characters. ˚dhyātaḥ.˚dhyātaḥ paramabhaṭṭaārakoparamabhaṭṭārako mahārājaādhirājaḥmahārājādhirājaḥ daussādhasādhanika.daussādhasādhanika. rājasthānīyoparikarājasthānīyoparika goaulmikagaulmika ˚mahīiṣy˚˚mahiṣy˚ anyām̐śanyāṁś rāja-pādo˚raja-pādo˚ mahattamo˚mahattamo˚ sa-daśāpacāraḥsa-daśāpacārāḥ paridhr̥ta-parihr̥ta- -praveśaḥ-praveśa Akiñcit-pragrāhyaḥAkiñcit-pragrāhyaḥ -kṣiti-samathe last akṣara ma is squeezed to a small space. -kāla.tā--kālaṁ tā- ’bhivr̥ddhaye’bhivr̥ddhaye sagotrāyapu-sagotrāyaThe first two illegible characters, indicating the name of gotra, are possibly kapi, in view of pravara. -Āmahīyavaurukṣaya--Āmahīyavaurukṣaya- smintā-maṇḍaladgallyama- kamanāhāra-vāmānāhāra- da-paukhaṣadeva-pautrāya bhaṭṭa-lakṣmīdhara-bhaṭṭa-lakṣmīdhara- bhaṭṭaputra-śrī-grahadevaśarmmaṇebhaṭṭaputra-didevaśarmmaṇe viśuvat·-saṁkrāntauviśuvat-saṅkrāntau -gaura-gaurat dharmmānuśasinaḥdharmmānuśansinaḥ vvasudhāvasudhā phalaphala bhūmiṁ yaḥbhūmiṃ yaḥ pratigr̥hṇātipratigr̥hnāti -karmmāṇau-karmmaṇau svargga-svargga -saṁplava-saṁplavaṁ ṣaṣṭim varṣa-ṣaṣṭim varṣa- vasundharā.vasundharāṁ. sarvvānsarvān pārthivendrān bhūyopārthivendrān bhūyo nyosāmānyo kāle pālanīyaḥ krameṇakāle pālanīyaḥ krameṇa ˚āmvu-vindu-˚āmvu-vindu- mantri-śrī-pthivīsiṅhaya-gīdhr̥gi- ghoṣa-poṣa -śūdradevasyacandrādityasya -dāmāditya-śilpinā-dāmādityena śilpinā
Seal Of illustrious Mahīpāladeva.
Plate

Confirmed. Confirmed.

Success! Welfare!

The one with mind delighted by the jewel of compassion, who is united with beloved goddess Benevolence, whose dirt of ignorance is cleansed by pure water of the stream of knowledge of perfect enlightenment, who, after conquering the powerful cause of existence producing desire, acquired eternal tranquillity, may he, the illustrious Lord of the World the Buddha possessing ten powers be victorious, otherwise also GopāladevaI!

From him was born illustrious king Dharmapāla, who was the birth place of Lakṣmī the ocean with makaraswas levying fair tax on the origin of wealth, able to carry the burden of the earth, a sole refuge for mountains kings approaching him in fear of cutting of their wings destruction of their troops, devoted to the protection of custom, an abode of heroism and great by whiteness with beauty of milk ocean.

Of him, who gained genuine asceticism like Rāma, there was the brother named Vākpāla, similar to him and born with virtues of the son of Sumitrā Lakṣmaṇa, having equal greatness. He was an illustrious sole abode of conduct and valour, adhered to the order of his brother and made quarters under one umbrella without enemy armies.

From him was born the son, the victor named Jayapāla, who cleansed the world by his deeds of Upendra Viṣṇu. He, the tranquiliser of enemies of Dharma in battle, brought comforts of world kingship to Devapāla, his elder.

Illustrious Vigrahapāla I, his son like AjātaśatruIndra, was born. He held the stream of water that was the clean sword destroying decorations of wives of his enemies.

He procreated his illustrious son Nārāyaṇapāla, the master, who held in his body virtues parted by the guardians of quarters for the protection of the earth. He decorated by his own deeds the properly acquired seat of dharma, the stone of whose footstool was attached by lustre of crest jewels by kings.

And his son, the protector of central world named illustrious Rājyapāla was born, with the fame known by the bed of water inside the deep bottom of the ocean and by the abodes of deities which equalled the rooms of kings of the lineage.

From him in Bhāgyadevī, the daughter of Tuṅga, the moon of the Rāṣṭrakūṭa lineage with raised crown, was born the son like the treasury of greatness of previous kings. He, illustrious Gopāladeva III was for a long time like the only one husband of the earth, the devoted wife who had manifold garments of four oceans studded with lustre of many gems.

Beloved Lakṣmī, who was energy śakti of will utsāha, consultation mantra and lordship prabhu, served with loveliness this master filled with royal virtues, as if exceeding the earth, her co-wife.

From him, as if the moon raining ten million of rays was born from the sun at proper time, was born Vigrahapāladeva II. By him who is dear to eyes, spotless, having rays branches of arts and elevated, the heat of the world was dispersed.

From him was born illustrious king Mahīpāladeva I, who had all the enemies destroyed in battle because of the pride of his arms after obtaining the ancestral kingdom taken away by those unauthorised, and had his lotus-like feet laid on the heads of kings.

After drinking clean water in the eastern country abundant with water, then wandering freely in candana forests at the foot of Malaya Mountain, after making coolness in the Desert by dense mist, his cloud-like best war elephants divided the ridge of Snow Mountain.

From the illustrious military camp of victory pitched at where the group of mountain peaks laid by the bridge produced by various kinds of large ships going around the path of river Bhāgīrathī are rolling, where the doubt of the time of lasting cloud occurred because of daylight darkened by the assembly of unsurpassed massive rutting elephants, where the intermediate space of directions is made grey by dust dug up by the hard hooves of innumerable horse troops gifted by many northern kings and where the earth bows to the weight of innumerable foot soldiers of all the kings of Jambudvīpa coming for the service to the supreme lord.

Parameśvara paramabhaṭṭāraka mahārājādhirāja Illustrious Mahīpāladeva, healthy, the devout worshipper of Sugata the Buddha, who was accepted by his majesty mahārājādhirāja illustrious Vigrahapāladeva II, honours, announces and orders according to order all the approached royal officials beginning with rāja, rājanyaka, rājaputra, rājāmātya, mahāsāndhivigrahika, mahākṣapaṭalika, mahāsāmanta, mahāsenāpati, mahāpratihāra, daussādhasādhanika, mahādaṇḍanāyaka, mahākumārāmātya, rājasthānīya, uparika, daśāparādhika, cauroddharaṇika, dāṇḍika, dāṇḍapāśika, śaulkika, gaulmika, kṣetrapa, prāntapāla, koṭṭapāla, aṅgarakṣa, their āyuktas and viniyuktakas, hastyaśvoṣṭranaubalavyāpr̥taka, kiśoravaḍavāgomahiṣyajāvikādhyakṣa, dūta, preṣaṇika, gamāgamika, abhitvaramāṇa, viṣayapati, grāmapati, tarika, Gauḍa, Mālava, Khaśa, Hūṇa, Kulika, Karṇāta, Lāṭa, cāṭa, bhaṭa and sevaka, and the other unnamed dependants on the royal feet, and the residents accompanied by brāhmaṇas, led by mahattamas, uttamas and kuṭumbins reaching to medas, andhras and caṇḍālas, at Palāśavr̥ṇḍa, which is standard of one thousand purāṇas and accompanied by uninterrupted flat land connected to itself, belonging to Amalakī maṇḍala of Koṭīvarṣa viṣaya in illustrious Puṇḍravardhana bhukti as follows:

“It should be known to you. This village as written above, as far as its own border, grass field and pasture, was given by us in the name of the venerable Lord Buddha, after making a royal grant, with flat land, with raised ground, with mango and mahua trees, with watering place, with ditch and saline land, with fine of ten offences, with the right to catch thieves, exempted from all the burdens, without entry of cāṭas and bhaṭas, without anything taken away, accompanied by contribution of all bhāga, bhoga, kara, hiraṇya and so on, by the rule of land reclamation, as long as the moon, the sun and the earth exist, for the increase of merit and fame of parents and myself, to bhaṭṭaputra illustrious Grahadevaśarman, belonging to Kapi gotra, Aṅgirasa, Āmahīyava and Aurukṣaya pravara, co-disciple of Manoratha, learning Paippalāda śākhā, knowing the disciplines of hermeneutics, grammar and epistemology, originating from mintāmaṇḍala and residing in Kamanāhāra, the grandson of da and the son of bhaṭṭa Lakṣmīdhara after bathing in river Gaṅgā according to the rule on the day of the Sun’s entry to equinox. Hence it should be consented to by you all. This donation should also be protected by future kings after approving it out of respect for merit of donation of land and from fear of falling to the great hell in case of its violation. And the practice of appropriate contribution of bhāga, bhoga, kara, hiraṇya and so on should be made at proper time by residing cultivators after becoming subject to hearing the order of donee.”

Year 35 month Āṣāḍha day 1.

Here are also verses instructing dharma as follows:

The earth was given by many kings beginning with Sagara. To the one to whom the land belongs, belongs then the merit.

The one who gains land and the one who gives land, both of them with meritorious deeds are surely going to heaven.

The one stealing a cow, one piece of gold or a half aṅgula of land comes to hell as long as he invokes deluge.

For sixty thousand years, a giver of land rejoices in heaven. The one who denies it and the one who agrees with him live in hell for the same period.

Either given by himself or given by the others, the one who stole land, he would be boiled with his ancestors after becoming an insect in excreta.

To all these future kings, this Rāma demands repeatedly. “This common bridge of dharma for kings should be always protected with effort.”

After thus considering wealth and human life fragile as a drop of water on lotus petal, also after knowing all that is said, the meritorious deeds of others should not be destroyed by human beings.

In this edict given to the best of twice-born, mantrin illustrious Pr̥thivīsiṁha was made a messenger by Mahīpāladeva.

This edict was engraved by illustrious Dāmāditya, the artisan, the son of Śūdradeva originating from Ghoṣalīgrāma.

Plate

The place of issue seems to have been erased and left unfilled.

Akṣaras folloing pramāṇe. in this line and the following three lines are erased by hammering.

First published by S. B. Bhattacharya in Bengali. Re-edited by Ryosuke Furui based on the photoprints acquired from Department of Archaeology, Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka. Now re-edited from the digital photograohs taken by Furui on 11/07/2013.