Rajibpur Plate of Madanapāla, year 22 EpiDoc Encoding Ryosuke Furui intellectual authorship of edition Ryosuke Furui DHARMA Tokyo DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00072

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.

Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Ryosuke Furui.

2019-2025
DHARMAbase

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml file.

dandaGap encoded properly. Sign ¦ encoded. Encoding corrections made. Translation of stanza 6 modified. Texparts division rearranged. Apparatus textpart division and head added. Textpart B rearranged. Apparatus line assignment corrected. Dandas encoded as glyphs. Text, apparatus and translation revised Apparatus, Translation and Bibliography completed. Initial encoding
Seal śrī-madanapāla
Plate ni ni ni

Om̐ namo vuddhāya. svasti.

maittrīṁ kāruṇya-ratna-pramudita-hr̥dayaḥ preyasīṁ sandadhānaḥ samyak-sāamvodhi-vidyā-sarid-amala-jala-kṣālitā.jñāna-paṅkaḥ. jitveā yaḥ kāma-kāri-prabhavam abhibhavaṁ śāśvatīṁ prāpya śānti sa śrīmān· lokanātho jayati daśavalo 'nyaś ca gopāla.-devaḥ. lakṣmī-janma-niketanaṁ sama-karo voḍhuṁ kṣamaḥ kṣmā-bharaṁ pakṣa-ccheda-bhayād upasthitavantām ekāśrayo bhū-bhr̥tāṁ*. maryādā-pari.pālanaika-nirataḥ śauryālayo 'smād abhūt· dugdhāmbhodhi-vilāsa-hāsa-vasatiḥ śrī-dharmmapālo nr̥paḥ. rāmasyeva gr̥hīta-satya-tapasas tasyānurūpo guṇaiḥ saumitrer udapādi tulya-mahimā vākpāla-nāmānujaḥ. yaḥ śrīmān· naya-vikramaika-vasatir bhrātuḥ sthitaḥ śāsane śūnyā śatru-patākinībhir akarod ekāttapatrā diśaḥ. tasmād upendra-caritair jjagatīṁ punānaḥ putro vabhūva vijayī. jayapāla-nāmā. dharmma-dviṣāṁ śamayitā yudhi devapāle yaḥ pūrvva-je bhuvana-rājya-sukhāny anaiṣīt·. śrīmad-vigrahapālas tat-sūnur ajātaśatrur iva jātaḥ. śatru-vanitā-prasādhana-vilopi-vimalāsi-jala-dhāraḥ. dik-pālaiḥ kṣiti-pālanāya dadhataṁ* dehe vibhaktān· guṇān· śrīmantaṁ janayām vabhūva tanayaṁ nārāyaṇaṁ sa prabhuṁ*. yaḥ kṣoṇī-patibhiḥ śiro-maṇi-rucāśliṣṭhāṅghri-pīṭhopalaṁ nyā.yopāttam alaṁ-cakāra caritaiḥ svair eva dharmmāsanaṁ*. toyāśayair jjaladhi-mūla-gabhīra-garvbhair ddevālayaiś ca kula-bhū-dhara-tulya-kakṣeai.. vikhyāta-kīrttir abhavat tanayaś ca tasya śrī-rājyapāla Iti madhyama-loka-pālaḥ. tasmāt pūrvva-kṣitī-dhrān nidhir iva mahasāṁ rāṣṭrakūṭānvayendor tuṅgasyottuṅga-mauler dduhitari tanayo bhāgyadevyāṁ prasūtaḥ. śrīmān· gopāla-devaś cirataram avaner eka-patnyā Ivaiko bharttā 'bhūn naikaratna-dyuti-khacita-catuḥ-sindhu-citrāṅśukāyāḥ. tasmād vabhūva savitur vva.su-koṭi-varṣī kālena candra Iva vigrahapāla-devaḥ. netra-priyeṇa vimalena kalāmayena yenoditena dalito bhuvanasya tāpaḥ. hata-sakala-vipakṣaḥ saṅgare vāhu-darppād anadhikr̥ta-viluptaṁ rājyam āsādya pitryaṁ*. nihita-caraṇa-padmo bhū-bhr̥tāṁ* mūrdhni yetasmād abhavad avani-paāla śrī-mahīpāla-devaḥ. tyajan· doṣāsaṅga śirasi kr̥ta-pādaḥ kṣitai-bhr̥tāṁ* vitanvan· sarvvāśāḥ prasabham udayādrer iva raviḥ. guṇa-grājhyaḥ snigdha-prakr̥tir anurāgaika-vasatis tato dhanyaḥ puṇyair ajani nayapālo nara-patiḥ. pītaḥ saj-jana-locanaiḥ smara-ripoḥ pūjānuraktaḥ sadā saṅgrāme dhavalo 'dhika-graha-jkr̥tāṁ* kālaḥ kule vidviṣāṁ. cāttur-vvanrṇya-samāśrayaḥ śsita-yaśaḥ-pūrair jjagal-lambhayan· tasmād vigrahapāla-devar-nr̥patiḥ puṇyeair jjanānām abhūT. tan-nandanaś candana-vāri-hāri -kīrtti-prabhānandita-viśva-gītaḥ. śrīmān· mahīpaāla Iti dvkṣitīṣo dvijeśa-mauliḥ śivavad vabhūva. tasyābhūd anujo mahendra-mahimā skandaḥ pratāpa-śrīiyām ekaḥ sāhasa-sārathibhr guṇamayaḥ śrī-śūrapālo nr̥paḥ.. yaḥ svacchanda-nisargga-vibhrama-bharā-virbhūta-sāarvvāyudha -prāgalbhyena manaḥsu vismaya-bhayaṁ sadyas ttratāna dviṣāṁ*. Etasyāpi sahodaro nara-pattir ddivya-prajā-nirbhara -sthkṣobhāhūta-vidhūta-vāsava-dhr̥tiḥ śrī-rāmapālo 'bhavat·. śāsatty aeva ci.raṁ jaganti janake yaḥ śaiśave visphurat -tejobhiḥ para-cakra-cetasi camat-kāraṁ* cakāra sthiraṁ*. tasmād ajāyata nijāyata-vāhu-vīrya -nippīta-pīvara-virodhi-yaśaḥ-payodhiḥ. medasvi-kīrttir amarendra-vadhū-kapola -karppūra-patra-makarīsu kumārapālaḥ. pratyarthi.-pramadā-kadamvaka-śiraḥ-sindūra-lopa-kramaḥ krīḍā-pāṭala-pāṇir eṣa śuśusuṣuve gopālam urvvī-bhūujaṁ*. dhātrī-pālana-jr̥mbhamāṇa-mahimā karppūra-pāṅśūtkarair ddeva kīrttim ayaṁ nijam vitanute yaḥ śaiśave krīḍitaṁ*. tad-anu madanadevī-nandanaś candra-gauraiś śucita-bhuvana-garvbhaḥ prāṅśubhiḥ kīrtti-pūraiḥ. kṣitim acaramatātas tasya saptāvdhi-dāmnīm abhr̥ta madanapālo rāmapālātma-janmā.

sa khalu bhāgī rathī-patha-pravarttamāna-nānā-vidha-nau-vāṭaka-sampādita-setu-vandha-nihita-śaila-śikhara-śreṇī-vibhramān niratiśaya-ghanāghana-kari-gha ṭā-sśyāmāyamāna-vāsara-lakṣmī-samāravdha-santata-jalada-samaya-sandehād udīcīnāneka-nara-pati-prābhr̥tī-kr̥tāprameya-haya-vāhinī -khara-khurokhotkhāta-dhūlī-dhūsarita-dig-antarālāT parameśvara-sevā-samāgatāśeṣa-jamvūudvīpa-bhū-pālānanta-pāda-bhara-namad-avaneḥ śrī-rāmā vatī-nagara-parisara-samāvāsita-śrīmaj-jaya-skandhāvārāt·. paramasaugato mahārājādhirāja-śrī-rāmapāla-deva-pādānudhyā. taḥ. parameśvaraḥ paramarbhaṭṭārako mahārājādhirājaḥ śrīmān· madanapāla-devaḥ kuśalī. śrī-puṇḍravarddhana-bhuktau au koṭīvarṣa-viṣaye halāvartta-maṇḍale devīkoṭīya-koṣṭhāgāra-prativaddha-dakṣiṇāvadhi-saṁ*. khaṇḍa-kṣetra-vāṭhuṇḍavallī-khaṁ-kusu muṇḍā-khaṁ-piśācakuleya-khaṁ-vivudhapallyāṁ pañca-triṅśad-āḍhāvāpa-bhuṁūmau vaṅgaḍī-prativaddha-vāṭṭaḍavallī-sīmāvacchinna-nadī-pānīya -bhuūmau ca. samupāgatāśeṣa-rāja-puruṣān· rāja-rājanyaka-rājaputra-rājāmātya-māahāsāndhivigrahika-mahākṣapaṭalika-mahā¦ sāmanta-mahāsenāpati-mahāpratīhāra-dauḥsādhasādhanika-mahāsādhanika-mahākumārāmātya-rājasthānīyoparika-cauro ddharaṇika-dāṇḍika-dāṇḍapāśika-śaunika-kṣetrapa-prāntapāla-koṭṭapāla-Aṅgarakṣa-tad-āyuktaka-viniyuktaka-hastyaśvoṣṭranauvala. vyāpr̥taka-kiśoravaḍavāgomahiṣyāacvikādhyakṣa-dūta-preṣaṇika-gamāgamika-Atbhitvaramāṇa-viṣayapati-grāmapati-tarika -śaulkika-gaulmika-gauḍa-mālava-coḍa-khasa-hūṇa-hūṇika-karṇṇāṭa-lāṭa-cāṭa-bhaṭṭa-sevakādīn· Anyāś cākīrttitān· rājapādo pajīvinaḥ prativāsino vrāhmaṇottarān· mahattamottama-kuṭumvi-purogama-cāṇḍāla-paryantān· yathārhaṁ* mānayati vodhayati śsa mādiśati ca.

viditam astu bhavatāṁ* yathoparilikhito 'yaṁ grāmaḥ sva-sīmā-tr̥ṇa-pūti-gocara-paryantaḥ sa-talaḥ soddeśaḥ sāmra-ma dhūkaḥ sa-kjala-sthalaḥ sa-garttośaraḥ sa-jhāṭa-viṭapaḥ sa-daśāpacāraḥ sa-cauroddharaṇikaḥ parihr̥ta-sarvva-pīḍaḥ A-cāṭa-bha ṭṭa-praveśaḥ Akiñcitar-kara-pragrājhyaḥ bhāga-bhoga-kara-hiraṇyādi-pratyāya-seametaḥ ratna-traya-kaivartta-carmmakāra-vr̥ty-ādi-rāja-sambho ga-varjito bhūmi-cchidra-nyāyena Ā-candrārka-kṣiti-sama-kālaṁ mātā-pitror ātmanaś ca puṇya-yaśobhivr̥ddhaye. vātsya-sagotrāya Aurvva-cya vana-bhārggava-jāmadagnya-Āpnuvat·-pravarāya paśupati-savrahmacāriṇe R̥gvedāntarggata-Āśvalāyana-śākhādhyāyine kāśikā -tantra-ṭīkā-vide sammārjjanī-vinirggata-vudhavaḍā-vāstavyāya mahādharmmādhikaraṇika-bhaṭṭa-mahādevarāta-prapauttrāya medhāti thirāta-pauttrāya Ācārya-muraripurāta-puttraāya paṇḍita-bhaṭṭaputtra-śrī-maheśvararātaśarmmaṇe māghe māsi sūrya-grāsa-samaye gaṅgāyāṁ hemāśva-mahādāna-yajña-samutsarggita-dakṣiṇā-samvandhena bhagavantaṁ vuddha-bhaṭṭārakam uddiśya triśatikotpattyā śāsanī-kr̥tya pradatto. 'smābhiḥ. Ato bhavadbhiḥ sarvvair evānumantavyaṁ. bhāvibhir api bhūpatibhiḥ. bhūmer ddāna-phala-gaurāavāt·. Apaharaṇe mahā-nanaraka-pāta -bhayāc ca. dānam idam anumodyānumodanīyaṁ. prativāsibhiś ca kṣetrakarair ājñā-śravaṇa-vidheyī-bhūya yathā-kālaṁ samucita-bhāga-bho ga-kara-hiraṇyādi-pratyāyopanayaḥ kārya Iti.

samvat· 22 vaisśākha-karmma-dine 16.

bhavanti cātra dharmmānusśaṁsinaḥ ślokāḥ.

va.hubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ. yasya yasya yadā pbhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ*. bhūmi yaḥ pratigr̥hnāti yaś ca bhūmim prayacchati. Utbhau tau puṇya-karmmāṇau niyataṁ svargga-gāminau. gām ekāṁ svarntam ekam vā bhūmer apy arddham aṅgulāa. haran narakam āyāti yāvad āhūti saṁplavaṁ. ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣṣa-sahasrāṇi svargge tiṣṭhati bhūmipdaḥ. Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vasete. sva-dattā para-dattāmam vā yo hareta vasundharāṁ. sa viṣṭhāyāṃ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate. Āsphoṭayanti pitaro valgayanti pitāmahā. bhūmido 'smadat-kule jāta sa nas trātā bhaviṣyati. sarvvān etān· bhāvirnaḥ pārthivendrān· bhūyo bhūyaḥ prārthayaty eṣa rāmaḥ. sāmānyo 'yaṁ dharmmasetur nnarāṇāṁ* kāle kāle pālanīyaḥ krameṇa. Iti kamala-dalāmvau-vindu-lolaāṁ śriyam anucintya manuṣya-joīvitañ ca.. sakalam idam udākhr̥taṁ ca vuddhvā na hi puruṣaiḥ para-kīrtayo vilopyaā. śrīmān adān madanapāla-nr̥paḥ sa gauḍa -cūḍā-maṇiḥ sarid-alaṅ-kr̥tam urvvarāḍhyam·. suṣṭhāsanaṁ muraripos tanayāya tarndntra -ṭīkā-vide dvija-varāya maheśvarāya. saḥ sāmanta-śiro-mauli-māṇikyaṁ gauḍa-bhū-bhujaḥ. sāndhivigrahikaḥ sa śrī-bhīmadevo 'tra dūtakaḥ. rājye madanapālasya dvāviṅśe parivatsare. tāmra-paṭṭam imaṁ śilpī tathāgatasaro 'likhat.
Plate ni ni niThe character ni, which seems to be an abbreviation for nibaddha "confirmed", is engraved on the left margin of the obverse of the plate, beside the lines 2, 5 and 8 respectively. -kīrtti--kītti- -virbhūta-The correct form is vibhūta but the metre requires this form. visphurat-vishurat- -bhūujaṁ*-bhujaṁ* -samaya--saṁmaṁya- -jamvūudvīpa--jamvudvīpa- au Two more akṣaras are found at the end of line, of which the first is erased with a trace of au still visible, and the second is clear but undecipherable. Can it be a sign indicating continuance of the inscription to the reverse? -vāṭhuṇḍa˚The shape of the second akṣara is clear but its identity is uncertain. Compare the last akṣara with muṇḍā˚ in line 34. -bhuṁūmau-bhūṁmau -bhuūmau-bhūmau ˚mahiṣyāacvikā˚˚mahiṣyajāvikā˚ -bhaṭṭa-Inscribed with narrower akṣaras. Akiñcitar-kara-Akiñcita-kara- -phala--hala- -karmma--karmmā- pbhūmisbhūmi ĀsphoṭayantiĀshoṭayanti
Seal Illustrious Madanapāla
Plate

Confirmed. Confirmed. Confirmed.

Success! Oṁ, salutation to the Buddha. Welfare!

The one with mind delighted by the jewel of compassion, who is united with beloved goddess Benevolence, whose dirt of ignorance is cleansed by pure water of the stream of knowledge of perfect enlightenment, who, after conquering the powerful cause of existence producing desire, acquired eternal tranquillity, may he, the illustrious Lord of the World the Buddha possessing ten powers be victorious, otherwise also Gopāladeva I!

From him was born illustrious king Dharmapāla, who was the birthplace of Lakṣmī the ocean with makaras was levying fair tax on the origin of wealth, able to carry the burden of the earth, a sole refuge for mountains kings approaching him in fear of cutting of their wings destruction of their troops, devoted to the protection of custom, an abode of heroism and a dwelling of smile with beauty of milk ocean.

Of him, who gained genuine asceticism like Rāma, there was the brother named Vākpāla, similar to him and born with virtues of the son of Sumitrā Lakṣmaṇa, having equal greatness. He was an illustrious sole abode of conduct and valour, adhered to the order of his brother and made quarters under one umbrella without enemy armies.

From him was born the son, the victor named Jayapāla, who cleansed the world by his deeds of Upendra Viṣṇu. He, the tranquiliser of enemies of Dharma in battle, brought comforts of world kingship to Devapāla, his elder.

Illustrious Vigrahapāla I, his son like AjātaśatruIndra, was born. He held the stream of water that was the clean sword destroying decorations of wives of his enemies.

He procreated his illustrious son Nārāyaṇapāla, the master, who held in his body virtues parted by the guardians of quarters for the protection of the earth. He decorated by his own deeds the properly acquired seat of dharma, the stone of whose footstool was attached by lustre of crest jewels by kings.

And his son, the protector of central world named illustrious Rājyapāla was born, with the fame known by the bed of water inside the deep bottom of the ocean and by the abodes of deities which equalled the rooms of kings of the lineage.

From him in Bhāgyadevī, the daughter of Tuṅga, the moon of the Rāṣṭrakūṭa lineage with raised crown, was born the son like the treasury of greatness of previous kings. He, illustrious Gopāladeva III was for a long time like the only one husband of the earth, the devoted wife who had manifold garments of four oceans studded with lustre of many gems.

From him, as if the moon raining ten million of rays was born from the sun at proper time, was born Vigrahapāladeva II. By him who is dear to eyes, spotless, having rays branches of arts and elevated, the heat of the world was dispersed.

From him was born illustrious king Mahīpāladeva I, who had all the enemies destroyed in battle because of the pride of his arms after stabilising the ancestral kingdom unruled and lost, and had his lotus-like feet laid on the heads of kings.

King Nayapāla, abandoning association with vices, putting his feet on heads of kings, forcibly filling all the spaces, to be gained by virtues, having affectionate subjects, the sole abode of affection and rich with virtues, was born from him, as if the Sun was born from the Udaya Mountain.

King Vigrahapāladeva III, who was drunk by the eyes of good people, always pleased with worship of the enemy of love Śiva, beautiful in battle, the death for enemies in the family who made excellent grabbing, the shelter of those belonging to four varṇas, bestowing the world with his swelling white fame, was born from him with virtues.

His son, the king named Mahīpāla II, the illustrious, who was sung by the all delighted by the splendour of his fame surpassing candana water, the foremost among masters of twice-born having moon on his crest, was born having auspiciousness like Śiva.

There was his younger brother king Śūrapāla II, having greatness of Mahendra, Skanda in fortune of valour, the sole bold charioteer and possessing virtues. He, by his proficiency in all the weapons arisen from the excess of restlessness due to his own will and nature, spread immediately wonder and fear in the minds of his enemies.

There was also his uterine brother, king, illustrious Rāmapāla, whose firmness of Vāsava Indra was invoked and shaken by vehement disturbance of people of heaven Divya. When his father was ruling for long time and leaving this world, in his childhood, he made lasting astonishment in the heart of enemy circle by his glittering splendour.

From him was born Kumārapāla, who had the ocean of thick fame of enemies drunk up by valour of his own long arms, having robust fame on female makaras which were marks of camphor on the cheek of wife of the king of deities.

He, whose hand was pale red due to sport of serial robbing of vermilion on the heads of group of women of his opponents, procreated king Gopāla IV. This king, whose greatness is expanding for the protection of the earth, extends his own fame by raining a heap of dust of camphor playfully in his childhood.

Afterwards there was the son of Madanadevī, who had the inside of the earth purified by strong streams of his fame white like moon. Because of his not being the last, Madanapāla, the son of Rāmapāla, supported the earth with girdle of seven oceans.

From the illustrious military camp of victory pitched in the neighbourhood of illustrious Rāmāvatīnagara, where the group of mountain peaks laid by the bridge produced by various kinds of large ships going around the path of river Bhāgīrathī are rolling, where the doubt of the time of lasting cloud occurred because of daylight darkened by the assembly of unsurpassed rutting elephants, where the intermediate space of directions is made grey by dust dug up by the hard hooves of innumerable horse troops gifted by many northern kings and where the earth bows to the weight of innumerable foot soldiers of all the kings of Jambudvīpa coming for the service to the supreme lord.

Parameśvara paramabhaṭṭāraka mahārājādhirāja illustrious Madanapāladeva, healthy, the devout worshipper of Sugata, who was accepted by his majesty mahārājādhirāja illustrious Rāmapāladeva, honours, announces and orders according to order all the approached royal officials beginning with rāja, rājanyaka, rājaputra, rājāmātya, mahāsāndhivigrahika, mahākṣapaṭalika, mahāsāmanta, mahāsenāpati, mahāpratīhāra, dauḥsādhasādhanika, mahāsādhanika, mahākumārāmātya, rājasthānīya, uparika, cauroddharaṇika, dāṇḍika, dāṇḍapāśika, śaunika, kṣetrapa, prāntapāla, koṭṭapāla, aṅgarakṣa, their āyuktakas and viniyuktakas, hastyaśvoṣṭranaubalavyāpr̥taka, kiśoravaḍavāgomahiṣyajāvikādhyakṣa, dūta, preṣaṇika, gamāgamika, abhitvaramāṇa, viṣayapati, grāmapati, tarika, śaulkika, gaulmika, Gauḍa, Mālava, Coḍa, Khasa, Hūṇa, Hūṇika, Karṇāta, Lāṭa, cāṭa, bhaṭṭa and sevaka, and the other unnamed dependants on the royal feet, and the residents accompanied by brāhmaṇas, headed by mahattamas, uttamas and kuṭumbins reaching to cāṇḍālas, at the land of thirty-five āḍhāvāpas in a plot of cultivated land named Vāṭhuṇḍavallī, a plot of cultivated land named Kusumuṇḍā, a plot of cultivated land named Piśācakuleya and a plot of cultivated land named Vivudhapallī, and also at the land attached to Vaṅgaḍī, demarcated by the border of Vāṭṭaḍavallī and watered by a river, all of which belong to the southern neighbourhood attached to the granary of Devīkoṭa, in Halāvarta maṇḍala of Koṭīvarṣa viṣaya in illustrious Puṇḍravardhana bhukti as follows:

“It should be known to you. This village as written above, as far as its own border, grass field and pasture ground, was given by us in the name of the venerable Lord Buddha, with production of three hundred, after making royal grant, with flat land, with raised ground, with mango and mahua trees, with watering place, with ditch and saline land, with forest and shrub, with fine of ten offences, with the right to catch thieves, exempted from all the burdens, without enty of cāṭas and bhaṭṭas, without any karas taken away, accompanied by contribution of bhāga, bhoga, kara, hiraṇya and so on, excluding royal estate beginning with enclosed land of three jewels Buddhist establishment, kaivartas and carmakāras, by the rule of land reclamation, as long as the moon, the sun and the earth exist, for the increase of merit and fame of parents and myself, to paṇḍita bhaṭṭaputra illustrious Maheśvararātaśarman, belonging to Vātsya gotra, Aurva, Cyavana, Bhārgava, Jāmadagnya and Āpnuvat pravara, co-disciple of Paśupati, learning Āśvalāyana śākhā belonging to the R̥gveda, knowing Kāśikātantraṭīkā, originating from Sammārjanī and residing in Vudhavaḍā, the great-grandson of mahādharmādhikaraṇika bhaṭṭa Mahādevarāta, the grandson of Medhātithirāta and the son of ācārya Muraripurāta, in relation to the reward given for the ritual of the great gift of golden horse performed on Gaṅgā at the time of solar eclipse in the month of Māgha. Hence it should be consented to by you all. This donation should also be approved by future kings after approving it out of respect for merit of donation of land and from fear of falling to the great hell in case of its violation. And the practice of appropriate contribution of bhāga, bhoga, kara, hiraṇya and so on should be made at proper time by residing cultivators after becoming subject to hearing the order of donee.”

Year 22 month Vaiśākha day of karman 16.

Here are verses instructing dharma as follows:

The earth was given by many kings beginning with Sagara. To the one to whom the land belongs, belongs then the merit.

The one who gains land and the one who gives land, both of them with meritorious deeds are surely going to heaven.

The one stealing a cow, one piece of gold and a half aṅgula of land comes to hell as long as he invokes deluge.

For sixty thousand years, a giver of land stays in heaven. The one who denies it and the one who agrees with him live in hell for the same period.

Either given by himself or given by the others, the one who stole land, he would be boiled with his ancestors after becoming an insect in excreta.

Fathers tremble and paternal grandfathers jump, he, the land giver born in our family, will be the saviour of us.

To all these future kings, this Rāma demands repeatedly. “This common bridge of dharma for men should be always protected with effort.”

After thus considering wealth and human life fragile as a drop of water on lotus petal, also after knowing all that is said, the meritorious deeds of others should not be destroyed by human beings.

Illustrious Madanapāla, the crest-jewel of Gauḍa, gave a comfortable place decorated with rivers and rich in soil to Maheśvara, the son of Muraripu, the best twice-born knowing the Tantraṭīkā.

He, the ruby on the crest of sāmantas of the Gauḍa king, that sāndhivigrahika illustrious Bhīmadeva was the messenger here.

During the reign of Madanapāla, in the twenty-second year, artisan Tathāgatasara (engraved) this copper plate.

First notified by S. C. Mukherji, then by Gouriswar Bhattacharya with correction of Mukherji's mistakes. First edited by Ryosuke Furui. Now re-edited by Ryosuke Furui.

49-56 206-208