<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?> <?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?> <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <teiHeader xml:lang="eng"> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title>Nandapur Charter of GE 169</title> <!-- argr2daba: shall we make this "Nandapur Plate of GE 169" (or "Nandapur Plate of 169 GE" — I myself would place the era aftrer the date)? --> <respStmt> <resp>Original EpiDoc Encoding for Siddham</resp> <persName ref="part:daba"> <forename>Dániel</forename> <surname>Balogh</surname> </persName> </respStmt> <respStmt> <resp>Conversion of encoding for DHARMA</resp> <!-- argr2daba: shall I add my name for this <resp>? --> <persName ref="part:daba"> <forename>Dániel</forename> <surname>Balogh</surname> </persName> </respStmt> <respStmt> <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp> <!-- argr2daba: shall I add my name for this <resp>? --> <persName ref="part:daba"> <forename>Dániel</forename> <surname>Balogh</surname> </persName> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <authority>DHARMA <note>This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).</note> </authority> <pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace> <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00054</idno> <!-- The Siddham ID will need to be retained, probably as <altIdentifier>, when a DHARMA filename is assigned. --> <!--argr2daba: I have used I have moved the <altIdentifier type="Siddham">, but in order to get a validating file, I had to move it into <msIdentifier>. We need to get approval of this representation from axja and if she approves need her to revise both schema and template --> <availability> <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> <p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit thttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p><!-- argr2daba: I was wondering if the Siddham licence needs to be reproduced here. --> <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Dániel Balogh<!-- argr2daba: preseumably we want to make this DB & AG -->.</p> </licence> </availability> <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <msDesc> <msIdentifier> <repository>DHARMAbase</repository> <idno/> <altIdentifier type="Siddham"> <!-- argr2daba: this inserted here for the reason stated above --> <idno type="filename">IN00133</idno> </altIdentifier> </msIdentifier> <msContents> <summary/> </msContents> <physDesc> <handDesc> <p>Noteworthy shapes of M, ṅha.</p> </handDesc> </physDesc> </msDesc> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <revisionDesc> <change who="part:argr" when="2020-08-08" status="draft">started manual revision of file imported by part:daba; removed editorial punctuation, inserted space elements, inserted abbr elements, inserted avagrahas, revised readings on the basis of RTI</change> <change who="part:daba" when="2020-08-04" status="draft">Initial import: harmonising file structure with DHARMA inscription template v02. Text and comments as inherited from the Siddham archive of January 2019, unless otherwise indicated (by a name and date in the comment). Comments are offered "as is" and do not represent a thoroughly considered or researched opinion.</change> </revisionDesc> </teiHeader> <text xml:space="preserve"> <body> <div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn"> <p><pb n="1r"/><lb n="1"/>svasty amvila-grāmāgrahārāt sa-viśvāsam adhikaraṇaM <space/> jaṅgoyikā-grāme brāhmaṇottarān saṁvyavahā<lb n="2" break="no"/>ry-ā<!-- argr2daba: wouldn't you say there is ryyā, so edit ryy-ā? -->di-kuṭumvinaḥ kuśalam anuvarṇṇya <choice><sic>bodhayanti</sic><corr>bodhayati</corr></choice> <choice><sic>likhanti</sic><corr>likhati</corr></choice><!-- argr2daba: I presume in DHARMA style we'd limit the emendations to twice <surplus>n</surplus>ti, but one might avoid emendation altogether and merely state in the apparatus that the disagreement of number is not a true error because adhikaraṇam implies a plurality of members. Sircar observed as much in the note to his edition. what solution do you prefer? --> ca <space/><!-- argr2daba: I see a <space/> here, and presume here and below that any such punctuation spaces must be inserted at end of its block level container. Does EGD give guidance on this issue? --></p> <p>vijnāpayati naḥ viṣaya-pati-chattramahaḥ<lb n="3"/>I<unclear>cch</unclear>āmy ahaṁ sva-puṇyābhivr̥ddhaye <space/> nanda-vaitheya-khaṭāpura<!-- argr2daba: your edition had rā but the reading is clearly ra on the RTI and this is also what NGM read -->ṇāgrahārika-cchāndoga-kāśyapa-sagottra-brāhmaṇa<!-- daba had a comment on the end of this line: "The ā mātrā at the end of l3 is far from clear. If it's ṇā, then we expect brāhmaṇāya, so the name of the donee is probably just one akṣara plus svāmin. Perhaps more probably, we have just brāhmaṇa, and then a two-syllable name." argr adds: On inspection of the RTI, and presuming that my new reading adhikaraṇaM is the correct reading in line 1, then I find that there can be no serious doubt about the reading ṇa here, even if the akṣara as a whole is not as clear as it could be. That said, I don't find daba's argument about a hypothetical reading with -ṇā incontrovertible. In the Gaya plate there is vrāhmaṇagopadevasvāmine. If the reading is -ṇā, we could very well have a brahmin whose name started with A or Ā. --> <lb n="4" break="no"/>-<gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/>-svāmine<!-- argr2daba: do you agree that the ne has a special shape, apparely meant to reinforce the fact that the akṣara marks the end of a clause, a fact also indicated by following space? --> <space/> pañca-mahā-yajña-pravarttanāya khila-kṣettra-kulya-vā<unclear>pa</unclear>-<subst><del>tu</del><add place="overstrike">ca</add></subst>tuṣṭayaṁ <choice><orig>kk</orig><reg>k</reg></choice>rītvātisraṣṭuM<!-- daba here had a note: "The halanta M at the end of l4 seems to be a special form; it isn't very clear but perhaps a regular-sized ma with the right vertical extended at the top (bending right pretty high up) and bottom (bending left a little below the baseline)." argr2daba: but isn't the form well-nigh identical to that in adhikaraṇāM in line 1? --><lb n="5"/>yuṣmad-viṣaye ca <space/> samudaya-vāhyādya-stamva-khila-kṣettrāṇāṁ <space/> śaśvad-ācandrārka-tāraka-bhojyā<supplied reason="omitted">nā</supplied><lb n="6" break="no"/>m akṣaya-nīvyā<surplus>ḥ</surplus><!-- argr2daba: or emend -nīvyāḥ to -nīvyā with choice/sic/corr? your Siddham edition follows NGM by leaving the visarga intact, but see my apparatus below --> dvi-dīnārikya-kulya-vāpa-vikkrayo 'nuvr̥ttas tad arhatha <space/> matto 'ṣṭau dīnārān upa<lb n="7" break="no"/>saṁgr̥hya jaṅgoyikā-grāme khila-kṣettra-kulya-vāpa-catuṣṭayam akṣaya-nīvyās tāmra-paṭṭena dātum iti</p> <p><lb n="8"/>yataḥ pustapāla-pradyotasiṅha-v<!-- argr2daba: you had b, but the reading is clearly v -->andhudāsayor a<add place="below" rend="mark">va</add><!-- argr: the mark takes the form of two vertical strokes above the line -->dhāraṇayāvadhr̥tam astīha viṣaye <space/> samudaya<lb n="9" break="no"/>-vāhyādya-stamva-khila-kṣettrāṇām akiñcit-pratika<space type="descender"/>rāṇāṁ dvi-dīnārikya-kulya-vāpa-vikkrayo 'nuvr̥ttaḥ<lb n="10"/>Evam-vi<unclear>dhā</unclear><surplus>t</surplus>pratikara-khila-kṣettra-vikraye ca na kaś cid rājārttha-virodhaḥ dīyamāne tu parama-bhaṭṭāraka<lb n="11" break="no"/>-pādānāṁ dharmma-ṣaḍ-bhāgāvāptis tad dīyatām ity etasmād viṣaya-pati-chattramahād aṣṭau dīnārān upa<lb n="12" break="no"/>saṁgr̥hya <space/> jaṅgoyikā-grāme <space type="descender"/> gorakṣita-tāmra-paṭṭa-dakṣiṇena <space/> gopāli-bhogāyā<!-- argr2daba: DCS emends by inserting a visarga here --> paścimena khila<lb n="13" break="no"/>-kṣettra-kulya-vāpa-catuṣṭayaṁ dattaM<!-- daba had a comment here: "The halanta M is even less clear than the one above.". argr: but it seem identical to the one in line 4. --> <space/> <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="4">4</num> <space/> <!-- argr2daba: you had here this note "Sircar says ādyastamba (l9) means "covered with original shrubs". I don't find this very convincing and I'm inclined to think astamba means not planted with grain, or perhaps without grass (for grazing), but the whole expression seems rather uncertain; in my interpretation, the ādi is a bit unexpected." The word is attested in at least one other of this group of inscriptions, and I'll write a commentary entry on it. Can we delete this from here?--></p> <p>te yūyam evaṁ viditvā kuṭumvināṁ karṣaṇāvirodhi-sthāne <lb n="14"/>darvvī-karmma-hastenāṣṭaka-navaka-nalābhyām apaviñchya <space/> cira-kāla-sthāyi-tuṣāṅgārādi-cihnaiś catur-ddi<lb n="15" break="no"/>ṅ-niyamita-s<unclear>ī</unclear>mānaṁ<!-- argr2daba: you read -saṁmānaṁ, with NGM --> kr̥tvā dāsyatha <space/> datvā cākṣaya-nīvī-dharmmeṇa śaśvat-kālam anupālayiṣyatha<!-- argr2daba: the line is not fully engraved with text —should we note this? --><pb n="1v"/><lb n="16"/>varttamāna-bhaviṣyaiś ca saṁvyavahāribhir etad dharmmāpekṣayānupālayitavyam iti <space/> Uktañ ca bhaga<lb n="17" break="no"/><unclear>vatā vyā</unclear>se<supplied reason="lost">na</supplied> <space/></p> <lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh"> <l n="a"><supplied reason="lost">sva-da</supplied>ttāṁ para-dattāṁ vā</l> <l n="b">yo hareta vasundharāṁ</l><!-- Note daba modified by argr: "There is a space of about one character after bhūmidaḥ in 2b, but there is hardly any space after vasundharāṁ here." --> <l n="c">sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā</l> <l n="d">pitr̥bhiḥ saha <lb n="18"/>pacyate <space/></l> </lg> <lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh"> <l n="a"><supplied reason="lost">ṣa</supplied>ṣṭ<unclear>i</unclear> varṣa-sahasrāṇi</l> <l n="b">svarge<!-- argr2daba: it rather looks like we have svargge, doesn't it? --> modati bhūmidaḥ <space/></l> <l n="c">Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca</l> <l n="d">tāny eva na<lb n="19" break="no"/>rake vaseT</l><!-- argr2daba: you here had the note "The halanta T again seems to be a special form, looking like ta, but with the top bending left and down to the baseline." I suggest removing, because this seems to me like the standard T in this corpus. Or shall I move to handDesc? --></lg> <p><space/><!-- argr2daba: you already had this space in your encoding. Shall we move it before the closing </lg> --> <abbr>saṁ</abbr> <space/> <num value="169">100 60 9</num> <space/> <abbr>vai</abbr> <abbr>śu</abbr> <abbr>di</abbr> <num value="7">7</num></p> </div> <div type="apparatus"><!-- argr2daba: I have decided not (yet) to encode rdg's from your Siddham edition --> <listApp> <app loc="1"> <lem>adhikaraṇaM</lem> <rdg source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01 bib:Sircar1965_02">adhikaraṇ<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>M</rdg> <note>Reading <foreign>ṇā</foreign> here would imply that the akṣara has a different shape from all other cases of <foreign>ṇā</foreign> in this inscription, which show a clockwise stroke at the bottom to make the <foreign>ā</foreign> (e.g. in line 9 <foreign>pratikarāṇāṁ</foreign>). By contrast, we can avoid the need to make any emendation by simply reading the expected <foreign>ṇa</foreign>, which does not seem problematic if we compare the forms of <foreign>ṇa</foreign> and M observed, e.g., in line 8 <foreign>avadhāraṇayā</foreign>, line 4 <foreign>atisraṣṭuM</foreign>, line 13 <foreign>dattaM</foreign>.</note> </app> <app loc="3"> <lem>-brāhmaṇa-</lem><!-- argr2daba: I have copied the final hyphen from the beginning of the next line, without copying all the clutter <lb n="4" break="no"/>- in between, a detail about the practice of "copying" from editying into lemma that was not adressed in the recent discussion, and may deserve being addressed in EGD --> <rdg source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01 bib:Sircar1965_02">-brāhmaṇā-</rdg> <note>The akṣara that was read <foreign>ṇā</foreign> by Majumdar and Sircar but is read <foreign>ṇa</foreign> here has the same as the one read thus in <foreign>adhikaraṇaM</foreign> in line 1. See the apparatus entry thereon.</note> </app> <app loc="4"> <lem><choice><orig>kk</orig><reg>k</reg></choice>rītvāti°</lem> <rdg source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01 bib:Sircar1965_02">krītvāti°</rdg> </app> <app loc="6"> <lem>-nīvyā<surplus>ḥ</surplus></lem> <rdg source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01">-nīvyāḥ</rdg> <rdg source="bib:Sircar1965_02">-nīvyā</rdg> <note>Sircar's reading is a silent emendation. Removing the visarga is justified by the fact that we find <foreign>akṣaya-nīvyā</foreign> in parallel passages in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00049.xml">Baigram plate</ref>, l. 5, and the <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00052.xml">Paharpur plate</ref>, l. 9.</note> </app> <app loc="10"> <lem>-vi<unclear>dhā</unclear><surplus>t</surplus>pratikara-</lem> <rdg source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01 bib:Sircar1965_02">-vidhotpratikara-</rdg> <note>The reading <foreign>dhā</foreign> is preferred here instead of <foreign>dho</foreign> to facilitate the emendation <foreign>-vidhāpratikara-</foreign> after the parallel passage in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00049.xml">Baigram plate</ref>, l. 12. With reference to a term <foreign>udbalika</foreign> (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/><citedRange>348</citedRange></bibl>), Sircar argues (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_02"/><citedRange unit="page">383</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">3</citedRange></bibl>) that <foreign>-vidha-utpratikara-</foreign> is acceptable because the otherwise unattested word <foreign>utpratikara</foreign> could mean the same same as <foreign>apratikara</foreign> and <foreign>akiñcitpratikara</foreign>.</note> </app> <app loc="15"> <lem>-s<unclear>ī</unclear>mānaṁ</lem> <rdg source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01">-saṁmānaṁ</rdg> <rdg source="bib:Sircar1965_02">-paṁmānaṁ</rdg> <note>Sircar's reading must be a printing error.</note> </app> <app loc="19"> <lem source="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01"><num value="7">7</num></lem> <rdg source="bib:Sircar1965_02"><num value="8">8</num></rdg> <note>Majumdar's edition as printed contains the reading <foreign>7</foreign>, which is corrected to <foreign>8</foreign> in the <title>Additions and Corrections</title> on p. vii of EI vol. 23.<!-- argr2daba: how shall I encode this bibliographic reference? and do we want/need to encode ante/post correctionem readings? If so, how? --> Obviously Sircar failed to take notice of that correction when he copied Majumdar's text for his own edition.</note> <!-- note daba: "Sircar reads the day as 8. It isn't very clear, but 7 seems more likely to me. Also, Sircar does not print a note saying Majumdar read differently, so this could be a typo in Sircar's book." --> <!-- argr2daba: shall we delete your note now? it seems you didn't notice the source of the "variant" reading 8 in Sircar's edition. --> </app> </listApp> </div> <div type="translation" xml:lang="eng" resp="part:argr"> <p n="1-2">Hail! From the <foreign>agrahāra</foreign> of the village Amvila, the <supplied reason="subaudible">members of the</supplied> council which enjoys <supplied reason="subaudible">the king’s</supplied> confidence, having offered greetings to the administrator(s) and other tenants at the village Jaṅgoyikā, brahmins being foremost among them, inform and write:</p> <p n="2-7">The district chief Chattramaha respectfully requests from us: <q>In order to increase my own merit, I wish to buy four <foreign>kulyavāpa</foreign>s of uncultivated land and give <supplied reason="subaudible">them</supplied> to the Chandoga (i.e., Sāmavedic) Brahmin …svāmin<!-- argr2daba: who'd you encode the gap in the name? --> of the Kāśyapa gotra and <supplied reason="explanation">resident</supplied> of the Khaṭāpūraṇa <foreign>agrahāra</foreign> in the Nanda territory <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vīthi</foreign></supplied>, for the purpose of the regular performance of the five great sacrifices. And in your district, it is customary to sell for two <foreign>dīnāra</foreign>s a <foreign>kulyavāpa</foreign> of uncultivated land that is without revenue charges and covered with original shrubs, as permanent endowment to be enjoyed in perpetuity as long as the moon, the sun and the stars [will last]. Therefore, be so kind as to accept from me eight dīnāras and to give four kulyavāpas of uncultivated land in the village Jaṅgoyikā with a copper-plate of permanent endowment.</q></p> <p n="8-11">Wherefore it has been ascertained through the investigation of the record-keepers Pradyotasiṁha and Bandhudāsa that it is customary in this district to sell for two <foreign>dīnāra</foreign>s a <foreign>kulyavāpa</foreign> of uncultivated land that is without revenue charges and covered with original shrubs, yielding no tax at all; and that there is no conflict whatsoever with the interest of the king in selling such uncultivated land that yields no tax; but that, when it is given, his majesty obtains a sixth of the merit; so that it ought to be given.</p> <p n="11-13">After eight <foreign>dīnāra</foreign>s had been accepted from this district chief Chattramaha, four <foreign>kulyavāpa</foreign>s of uncultivated land have been given in the village Jaṅgoyikā, to the south of Gorakṣita’s gift land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tāmrapaṭṭa</foreign></supplied>, to the west of Gopālibhogā <supplied reason="explanation">Gopālī’s property</supplied>. 4 <foreign>ku[lyavāpa]</foreign>.</p> <p n="13-16">You there <supplied reason="explanation">mentioned at the start of the grant</supplied>, having understood <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied>, shall separate them off using two reeds, eight by ninefold with the ladle-work <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>darvīkarma</foreign></supplied> cubit in a place that does not conflict with the cultivation of the landholders<!-- argr2ryfu: or "peasant householders", if we follow your preference -->; shall make a boundary delimited in the four directions with long-lasting markers such as <supplied reason="subaudible">pots filled with</supplied> chaff or charcoal; shall make the donation and shall protect it in perpetuity according to the rule of a permanent endowment. And out of deference to this rule it is to be protected by present and future administrators.</p> <p n="16-19">And it has been said by the Lord Vyāsa:</p> <p rend="stanza" n="1">The one who would steal land given by himself or another becomes a worm in shit and is cooked with his ancestors.</p> <p rend="stanza" n="2">The giver of land resides sixty thousand years in heaven; the one who challenges <supplied reason="explanation">a donation</supplied> as well as the one who approves <supplied reason="explanation">of the challenge</supplied> will reside as many <supplied reason="explanation">years</supplied> in hell.</p> <p n="19">Year 169, <supplied reason="explanation">month of</supplied> Vaiśākha, waxing day 7.</p> </div> <div type="commentary"> <p>Line 1: the expression <foreign>saviśvāsam adhikaraṇam</foreign> may be compared with <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00039.xml">Raktamālā charter, no. 1</ref>, l. 21; <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00057.xml">Raktamālā charter, no. 2</ref>, l. 20; and with <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00032.xml">Damodarpur plate of the time of Budhagupta (163 GE)</ref>, ll. 2–3.</p> <p>Line 9: the qualification <foreign>ādya-stamba</foreign> is found also in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00049.xml">Baigram plate</ref>, ll. 4–5, the only other inscription in the grouo of Gupta-period land-sale grants with the precise string of characteristics found here; the interpretation <q>covered with original shrubs</q> is that of D.C. Sircar <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_02"/><citedRange unit="page">382</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">4</citedRange></bibl>, accepted by R. Furui <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Furui2020_01"/><citedRange unit="page">42–43</citedRange></bibl>.<!--daba had noted on this word: "Sircar says ādyastamba (l9) means "covered with original shrubs". I don't find this very convincing and I'm inclined to think astamba means not planted with grain, or perhaps without grass (for grazing), but the whole expression seems rather uncertain; in my interpretation, the ādi is a bit unexpected." --></p> <p>Line 14: on <foreign>darvīkarma</foreign>, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths2018_02"/><citedRange unit="page">43, 53</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">32</citedRange></bibl>.</p> <p>Lines 14–15: the phrase <foreign>cira-kāla-sthāyi-tuṣāṅgārādi-cihnaiś catur-ddiṅ-niyamita-sīmānaṁ kr̥tvā</foreign> recalls expressions in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00049.xml">Baigram plate</ref> and the <ref target="DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00051.xml">Tāvīra grant</ref>. See <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths2018_02"/><citedRange unit="page">42–43</citedRange></bibl>.</p> </div> <div type="bibliography"> <p>First edited, with English translation and photos of estampages of the plate, by N. G. Majumdar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01"/></bibl>); basically the same text was published again, with addition of some explanatory footnotes, by D. C. Sircar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_02"/><citedRange unit="item">48A</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">382-384</citedRange></bibl>). The text is re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths based on RTIs of the plate.</p> <listBibl type="primary"> <bibl n="M"><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1935-1936_01"/></bibl> <bibl n="S"><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_02"/><citedRange unit="item">48A</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">382-384</citedRange></bibl><!-- D.C. Sircar, SI. I, No. 48A, pp. 382-384 (DCS). --> <!-- argr2daba: now is there any use in also citing the Siddham edition here, and in ep[igraphic lemma? Since you edition hardly does more than reproduced NGM's, I vote no. --> </listBibl> <listBibl type="secondary"> <bibl><ptr target="bib:Furui2020_01"/></bibl> <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths2018_02"/></bibl> </listBibl> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>