Paḷḷivāḍa grant of Viṣṇuvardhana II Encoding Dániel Balogh intellectual authorship of edition Dániel Balogh DHARMA Berlin DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00011

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.

Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Dániel Balogh.

 2019-2025 DHARMAbase

Halantas. M: l2. abhivarddhitānāM is a simplified J shape raised to headline height.l20 AmāvāsyāyāM: looks like a largish circle at headline height CHECK PHOTOS.

Original punctuation. The opening symbol is a dextrorse spiral of about 1.5 full turns, with a tail at the top left.

Other palaeographic observations. In the correction in line 10, the omitted character is added right above the spot where it must go, and a kākapada in the shape of a + sign is inserted right below that spot. In l20, sū looks like sya with a short loop: instead of adding a stroke to the well-shaped u marker, the entire bottom of the well is bent to the left.

Le and lo are written in the cursive form: instead of attaching markers to the sides of a fully rounded la, the stem is not bent to the left and down, but curved at the top sharply back in le (l11 sakalendur) and the curve extended beyond the stem in lo (l2 loka).

The anusvāra is atop the next character in l7 pijaṁrita.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml file.

 Updating toward the encoding template v03 Encoded hand description, bibliography and commentary from earlier comments Initial encoding of the file
Seal śrī-viṣamasiddhi
Plates 1 svasti

śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁstūyamāna-mānavya-sagotrāṇāṁ hāritī-putrāṇāṁ sapta-loka-mātr̥bhir mmātr̥bhir abhivarddhitānāM kārttikeyānugrahāvāpta-kalyāṇa-paramparaānāṁ bhagavan-nārāyāaṇa-prasādāsādita-varāhāa-lāñcchanātmīkr̥tāśeṣa-bhūbhr̥tāṁ bhū-bhr̥tāṁ ivācala-sthitīnāṁ Aśvamedhāvabhr̥tha-snānāpanīta-kali-malānāṁ caḷukyānāṁ kulam alaṁkarriṣṇoḥ śrī-kīrttivarmmaṇaḥ pranaptā sakalāvanīi-pati-makuṭa-taṭa-ghaṭita-maṇi-mayūkha-puṁja-piṁjarita-caraṇa-yugaḷlasya śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-mahārājasya naptā śakti-traya-sāamāsāditāśeṣa-bhū-maṇḍalādhipateḥ sva-guṇānurakta-prakr̥ti-saṁpādita-sarvva-saṁpadaḥ śrī-jayasiṁha-vallabha-vmahārājasya priya-bhrātur aneka-yuddha-labdha-vijayālaṁkr̥ta-śarīrasyendra-bhaṭṭārakasya 2priya-tanayaḥ samadhigata-pañca-mahāśabdaḥ sakalendur iva sakala-kalādhiṣṭhāno viṣaṣṇur iva śrī-nivāsaḥ śrīmān viṣṇuvarddhana-mahārājaḥ gudrahāra-viṣaye Aṟutaṅkūrāśraye paḷḷivāḍa-grāmam adhivasataḥ sarvvān evam aājñāpayati

yathā Asanapura-vaāsthtavyasya kāśyāapa-gotrasya nūvucūṭṭi-trivedasya taittirīya-sabrahmacāriṇaḥ veda-vedāṁgetihāsa-purāṇa-nyāyāneka-dharmmaśāstrāa-vidaḥ Agniṣṭomādi-pauṇḍarīka-paryyantāneka-kratu-yaṣṭuḥ dhruvaśarmmaṇaḥ pautrāya veda-vedāṁga-vidaḥ dociśarmmaṇaḥ putrāya Adhīta-veda-dvayāya dhruvaśarmmaṇe Asmin grāme Asmat-puṇyābhivr̥rddhaye AĀtmano vijaya-rājya-pañcame saṁvvvatsare phālguṇna-māse AmāvāsyāyāM sūryya-grahaṇa-nimi

Seal
Plates -nārāyāaṇa- According to Fleet's note, the superfluous ā marker was partially erased. Based on the photos of the cleaned original plate, this does not seem to be the case. Nonetheless, Fleet may be correct; for the premodern correction of śāstrā to śāstra in line 16, he notes that the correction was made by paring down the copper on both sides of the unwanted stroke, but in the estampage, only the stroke is visible. In the photo of that locus, a thinning of the superfluous stroke is clear, and the surface around it seems slightly different from the rest of the surface. None of these signs are, however, discernible here. -varāhāa- -varāha- The superfluous ā may have been corrected in the original. -piṁjarita- -piṁjaṁrita- viṣaṣṇur This line is above the hole, so regular-sized characters could have fit here. The engraver clearly started engraving ṣṇu (but got only as far as ṣa), then realised the subcript components would not fit, and therefore hammered out this character and started again to the right of the hole. kāśyāapa- kaśyāpakāśyapa The first ā is faint but clear in the photo of the original. dhruvaśarmmaṇe After this word, there are three faint dots one below the other. These may be random, but it is also possible that an initially engraved ṇaḥ was corrected to ṇe by cancelling the visarga and adding a vowel mark. -rājya- Fleet's edition omits this word, but his translation includes it. -nimi Restore -nimitte.
Seal
Plates

Greetings. The great-grandson of His Majesty Kīrtivarman, who was eager to adorn the family of the majestic Caḷukyas—who are of the Mānavya gotra, which the entire world praises, who are sons of Hāritī, who are cherished by the Mothers who are the mothers of the seven worlds, who have by the favour of Kārttikeya attained hereditary good fortune, who have turned all kings into their dependents by means of the Boar emblem acquired through the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, whose presence is as permanent as that of mountains, and who have cast off the filth of the Kali age by bathing in the purificatory ablutions avabhr̥tha of the Aśvamedha sacrifice—; grandson of His Majesty King mahārāja Viṣṇuvardhana, whose pair of lotus feet were engilded by a mass of beam clusters from gems fitted to the surfaces of the crowns of all other kings; dear son of Indra Bhaṭṭāraka, whose body was adorned by victories achieved in numerous battles and who was the beloved brother of His Majesty King mahārāja Jayasiṁha Vallabha, who reigned supreme adhipati over of the entire circle of the earth obtained by means of his three powers śakti-traya, and whose wealth has been entirely consigned to his subjects prakr̥ti who in turn are impressed anurakta by his virtues; the majestic King mahārāja Viṣṇuvardhana II, who has attained the five great soundsThe expression pañca-mahāśabda probably refers to being honoured by the sound of five musical instruments, but may also mean five titles beginning with “great”. See 296-2989 for a discussion., a vessel of all skills kalā as the full moon is comprised of all its digits, the abode of royal majesty śrī as Viṣṇu is the shelter of the goddess Śrī, commands everyone inhabiting the village Paḷḷivāḍa subordinate to āśraye the town Aṟutaṅkūr in Gudrahāra district viṣaya as follows:

To wit, in this village, in the fifth year of my victory i.e. reign, at the new moon of the month of Phālguna, on the occasion of a solar eclipse, I have donated to Dhruvaśarman who has studied the two Vedas, son of Dociśarman, who was familiar with the Vedas and Vedāṅgas, grandson of Dhruvaśarman of the Kāśyapa gotra and the Taittirīya school, a nūvucūṭṭi scholar of the three Vedas and a resident of the monasteryIt seems likely that sthāna does not simply mean a place or locality here. In a discussion of the Puloṁbūra Grant, Sankaranarayanan (74) suggests that sthāna may be equivalent to ghaṭikā-sthāna, but the ghaṭikā is mentioned as clearly separate in the Niḍupaṟu Grant. I therefore assume that sthāna means a temple complex where Brahmans reside, semantically (though perhaps not physically) distinct from the ghaṭikā as an institution of learning. of Asanapura who was familiar with the Vedas, Vedāṅgas, Itihāsas, Purāṇas, Nyāya and numerous legal treatises dharmaśāstra and who performed numerous sacrifices from the Agniṣṭoma all the way to the Pauṇḍarīka,

Seal
Plates

Prospérité ! l’arrière petit-fils de l’illustre Kīrtivarman, ornement de la lignée des Calukya, illustres, honorés dans l’univers entier, du même gotra que les descendants de Manu, fils de Hāritī, rendus prospères par les Mères, mères des sept mondes, doués d’une prospérité ininterrompue, octroyée par la faveur de Kārtikeya, qui eurent tous les rois sous leur pouvoir grâce au signe du sanglier, faveur accordée par le bienheureux Nārāyaṇa, demeures inébranlables comme les montagnes, eux dont les souillures de l’âge de Kali furent lavées par le bain purificatoire de l’aśvamedha, le petit-fils du grand roi illustre Viṣṇuvardhana, dont les deux pieds sont colorés par le rouge doré des faisceaux de rayons des pierres précieuses serties sur l’orbe des diadèmes des seigneurs de la terre entière, le cher fils d’Indra Bhaṭṭāraka, dont le corps est orné par les victoires remportées dans les nombreux combats, cher frère du grand roi illustre Jayasiṁha Vallabha, maître suprême du cercle entier de la terre, conquis grâce à ses trois pouvoirs, qui gagna toutes les richesses grâce à sa nature, qui fut attaché à la vertu, l’illustre grand roi Viṣṇuvardhana, qui a perçu les cinq grands sons,Mention la plus ancienne de cette épithète et la seule appliquée à un roi (N. D. E.). - il rassemblait tous les arts comme la pleine lune rassemble toutes ses portions,śabdaśleṣa reposant sur le mot kalā qui désigne les beaux arts, que connaît le roi, et les portions de la lune. comme Viṣṇu, refuge de Śrī,śabdaśleṣa reposant sur le mot śrī qui désigne la fortune du roi et l’épouse de Viṣṇu. - à tous ceux qui résident dans le village de Paḷḷivāḍa, mitoyen d’Aṟutaṅkūr, dans le viṣaya de Gudrahāra, ordonne ceci :

au petit-fils de Dhruvaśarman, qui habite Asanapura, du gotra de Kaśyapa, disciple dans l’école de Taittirīya de Nūvucūṭṭi, qui connaît les trois Veda, qui connaît les Veda, les Vedāṁga, les Ithihāsa, les Pūraṇa, la doctrine du Nyāya et les nombreux Dharmaśāstra, qui a accompli de nombreux sacrifices, à commercer par l’agniṣṭoma,Sur ce sacrifice, cf. insc. n°8. Mentionné aussi in insc. nos 7 et 8. jusqu’au pauṇḍarīka,Sur ce sacrifice, cf. insc. n°7. Mentionné aussi in insc. nos 8, 15, 16 et 20. au fils de Dociśarman, qui connaît les Veda et Vedāṁga, à Dhruvaśarman, dans ce village, pour l’accroissement de nos mérites, la cinquième année de notre règne victorieux, au mois de Phālguṇa, le jour de la nouvelle lune, à l’occasion de l’éclipse de soleil.

There is no image of the seal in either set of estampages consulted, and its text is reproduced here as reported by Fleet, without indication of any unclarity or loss. The first two plates of the grant are extant, the rest are lost. The writing starts on the recto of the first plate. Foliation numbers are in the left margin, roughly at the level of the binding hole, below the level of line 3 on plate 1, and at the baseline of line 3 on plate 2. The first plate begins with two short marginal lines distinct from the body text. Fleet does not read the mangala symbol (in the top left corner, aligned with l1) and prints svasti (aligned with l2) at the beginning of l1. I believe śrī belongs with the mangala symbol in the marginal field. The third text line begins directly below svasti; the first two lines are indented to make space for the opener; the second line's indent is larger, because śrī encroaches on the space where this line could have been started.

Each extant plate has five lines.

Edited from the original by J. F. FLeet (), with estampages of the plates and translation. The date is revised in 8-9. Subsequently noticed in 49A/1962-196316. The present edition by Dániel Balogh is based on a collation of Fleet's text with his published facsimiles and with photographs of the original taken by Arlo Griffiths at the British Library in 2016, as well as with inked impressions from Sir Walter Elliot's collection.Scans of these impressions were obtained by Emmanuel Francis from the Edinburgh University Library, the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the British Museum.

8-9 49A/1962-196316 5Ind. Ch. 7