Timmapuram unfinished plates of Maṅgi Yuvarāja Encoding Dániel Balogh intellectual authorship of edition Dániel Balogh DHARMA Berlin DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00091

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Dániel Balogh.

 2019-2025 DHARMAbase

Halantas.

Original punctuation.

Other palaeographic observations. Written in rather ungainly characters of uneven size and distribution.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

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 Initial encoding of the file
Seal śrī-vijayasiddhi
Plates

svasti. samasta-bhuvanāśraya-śrī-saṁstūyamāna-mānavya-sagotrāṇaāṁ haāriti-putrāṇāṁ Aśvamedha-yājināṁ kauśikiī-vara-prasāda-rājyānāṁ nārāyaṇa-vara-prasādopalabdha-vara-varāha-lāṁchanāṁnāṁ mātr̥-gaṇa-paripālitānāṁ mānavya-sagotrāṇāṁ caḷukyānāṁ kula-jaladhi-samudbhūta-rājasya śrīmato jayasiṁgha-vallabha-mahārājasyendra-samāna-kīrttier indra-bhaṭṭārakasya priya-tanayaḥ sva-pitur adhika-guṇa-gaṇodddyodtita-yaśo-vitāna-rociṣṇoḥ AndaAidaṁyuśgīna-mahāviṣṇoḥ viṣṇuvarddhana-mahārājasya priya-tanayaḥ pravarddha

Palimpsest

bhuvanā nāṁ caḷukyānāṁ kulam alaṁkariṣṇoḥ śrī-sigha-vallabha-mahārāja vikramasyendra-bhaṭṭārakasya sūnor aneka-samara-saṁghaṭṭa karvve bra rgga śī bhutaṁ kakaṁsa śāgni ddhaporkandikanāga A nā brahma ḥ ceva ma vindiśarmmaṇaḥ putrāya ṣaṭ-karmma-niratāya sa-mantretihāsa bu-nāma kṣetraṁ nivarttana-mātra bhūmi sūrya-grahaṇa-nimittaṁ Udaka-pūrvvaṁ sarvva-kara-parihāreṇāgrahārīkr̥tya Ācandrārkka-tārakaṁ dattaṁ. tasya kṣetrasya Amaṣṭāprā vipi karaṇīyā. Uktañ ca bhagavatā vyāsena

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā bahubhiścānupālitā yasya yasya yadā bhūmiḥ tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ sva-dattāṁpara-dattāṁ vā] yo hareta vasundharāṁ ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kr̥miḥ
Seal
Plates samasta-bhuvanāśraya-śrī-saṁstūyamāna- The standard phrase śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁstūyamāna-. Beyond the garbled nature of the present text, it is worth noting that samasta-bhuvanāśraya, while a frequent epithet of kings bearing the name Vijayāditya, does not to my knowledge appear in any context before the time of Vijayāditya I. -mahārājasyendra- If this inscription was ever meant to be a properly issued land grant, the text intended here would have been something like -mahārājasya priyānujasyendra-. -tanayaḥ The ending I supply is syntactically inappropriate and should in fact be -tanayasya. But convention seems rather to call for sūnor at this point, and the king list may be a clumsy adoption from that used in grants of Viṣṇuvardhana II. pravarddha The text ends here. The continuation was probably not a date involving the phrase pravarddhamāna-vijaya-rājya, but a qualification similar to pravarddhamāna-pratāpopanamita-ripu-nr̥pati-makuṭa-taṭa-ghaṭita-maṇi-mayūkha-mañjarī-puñja-piñjarita-caraṇāravinda-yugalaḥ, as in the Guḍivāḍa plates (set 1) of Jayasiṁha I, which contains the only close parallel to the preceding qualification of Viṣṇuvardhana II (there applied to Viṣṇuvardhana I, in the form sva-pitur anūna-guṇa-gaṇodyotita-rociṣṇor aidaṁyugīna-mahāviṣṇoḥ).
Palimpsest śrī-sigha- I cannot make out any of the character to the left of si, but it is certainly only one character. Nevertheless, jayasiṁgha was in all probability intended. This is the line where the ARIE reports the deleted text svāsi-dhārānamita-ripu-nr̥pati-makuṭa-taṭa-ghaṭita-maṇi-kiraṇa-rāga. karvve bra The readings offered for this line and the next are rather just diagnostic in nature and are likely to be incorrect in many details.
Seal
Plates

Greetings. His Majesty King mahārāja Jayasiṁgha Vallabha was a jewel of a king arisen from the ocean that is the family of the Caḷukyas—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the goddess Fortune who is the shelter of the entire universe samasta-bhuvanāśraya,The text is garbled here; see also the apparatus to line 1. who are the sons of Hāriti, who perform the Aśvamedha sacrifice, whose kingship is by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who acquired the superior Boar emblem by the grace of Nārāyaṇa’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, and who are of the Mānavya gotra.In addition to other discrepancies in the text, the Mānavya gotra is mentioned twice. His younger brother was Indra Bhaṭṭāraka, equal in reputation to the divine Indra. His dear son was King mahārāja Viṣṇuvardhana II, a veritable Supreme Viṣṇu of this epoch, who is resplendent with a profusion of glory is illuminated by a host of virtues in excess of those of his father. His dear son, ever-increasingAs noted in the apparatus to line 7, the last inscribed word may belong to the phrase “whose pair of lotus feet are engilded by a mass of beam clusters from gems fitted to the surfaces of the crowns of enemy kings forced to bow by his ever-increasing valour”.

Palimpsest

King mahārāja Jayasiṁgha Vallabha, who was eager to adorn the family of the Caḷukyas Indra Bhaṭṭāraka, whose valour his son the clash of many a battle

the son of Mavindiśarman, devoted to the six duties of a Brahmin together with the Mantras and Itihāsas a field named nivartana extent of land has been given on the occasion of an eclipse of the sun, sanctified by a libation of water, converted into a rent-free holding agrahāra by a remission of all taxes, as long as the moon, sun and stars remain. Of that field, The Reverend Vyāsa too has said:

Many kings have granted land, and many have preserved it as formerly granted. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit reward accrued of granting it belongs to him at that time.

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.

The findspot is recorded as Timmāpuram, Sarvasiddhi Taluk, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh. I believe Sarvasiddhi Taluk should be NE of Kakinada, more or less corresponding to present-day Anakapalli district. Somasekhara Sarma (131) identifies Kumulūru as Pedda Gummulūru (or the nearby Chinna Gummulūru) in Sarvasiddhi Taluk, located near Gudivada (also said to be in Sarvasiddhi Taluk by Somasekhara Sarma) and the findspot Timmapuram. The most likely place is around 17.43342446086503, 82.75163439357617, where the India Place Finder and Open Street Maps show a Timmapuram coterminous with (or part of) a Pedda Gummuluru (Pedha Gumuluru on Google Maps). A small village called Gudivada is located about 6 km SE of this, whereas the major town Gudivada is over 200 km to the SW.

The inscription is a palimpsest on recycled plates. The earlier writing, present on all the inner faces of the set, was erased with great care, perhaps by hammering the lines with a very hard and rough-surfaced tool or stone. The effect is that blurry haloes of the original writing can now be seen, and in many places hair-thin lines corresponding to the deepest parts of the original strokes are also visible. Some of the earlier inscription is thus fairly legible, giving the appearance of a complete grant, which I edit as the third part of this inscription. According to the ARIE report, the words svāsi-dhārānamita-ripu-nr̥pati-makuṭa-taṭa-ghaṭita-maṇi-kiraṇa-rāga can just be made out in the fourth line of page 2 recto. I cannot make out anything resembling these words, here or anywhere else, and hence wonder if the ARIE scholar had an eye that much better for this (yet did not care to report the much more easily legible parts of the erased text), or if this is a mistake. The fact that the earlier writing covers the inner faces, and proceeds in the same order as the present inscription from 1v to 3r, also implies that the earlier grant may have been erased after the original plates were issued and bound with a seal, and what we have here may be a partially reinscribed premodern forgery. See also the apparatus note to line 1.

Reported in 10A/1907-081 with a description at 48-49. No previous editions known. The present edition was created for DHARMA by Dániel Balogh, on the basis of photographs taken by myself in February 2023 at the Government Museum, Chennai.