Senavurabu grant of Viṣṇuvardhana IV Encoding Dániel Balogh intellectual authorship of edition Dániel Balogh DHARMA Berlin DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00094

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Halantas do not occur.

Original punctuation does not occur, except for the opening symbol which is a slightly misshapen concentric circle looking rather like a @ sign.

Other palaeographic observations. Anusvāra is normally above the character to which it belongs, but occasionally to the right of it at head height, and sometimes (e.g. l17 goṁbaṟṟu, but also in Sanskrit, e.g. l18 vedaṁga) it is over the next character.

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Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml file.

 Initial encoding of the file
Seal śrī-viṣamasiddhi
Plates

svasti. śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁstūyamāna-mānavya-sagotrāṇāṁ hāritiputrāṇāṁ kauśikī-vara-prasāda-labdha-rājyaānāṁ mātr̥i-gaṇa-paripālitaāṇanāṁ svāmi-mahāsena-pādānudhyātānāṁ bhagavan-nārāyaṇa-prasāda-samāsādita-vara-varāhāa-lāñchchanekṣaṇa-kṣaṇa-vaśīkr̥tārāti-maṇḍalaānāṁ Aśvamedhaāvabhr̥tha-snaāna-pavitriīkr̥tāa-vapuṣāṁ cālukyānāṁ kulam alaṁkariaṣṇoḥ nayavinaya-vikramopārjjita-cāru-bhūri-kīrtteḥ śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-mahārājasya pautraḥ Aneka-tulā-dhr̥ta-svarṇṇa-dānāṁvatāmpatteḥ śrī-vijayāditya-mahārājasya priya-tanayaḥ sva-pratāpāvāanata-samasta-saāmanta-cakraś cakravarti-lakṣanṇopaetaḥ śājgirṅgāyudha I+va lakṣmiī-vallabhaḥ nr̥ga-nahuṣa-maāndhātrār̥-pratimo ’pratihāata-śaktiḥ śaktiḥ-trayopetaḥ sva-bhuja-balākrānta-samasta-bhuvana-talaḥ parama-brahmaṇyaḥ parama-māheśvaraḥ mātā-pitr̥i-pādānudhyaātaḥ catur-udāadhi-velā-vialayita-viśada-yaśās sakala-kalā-kalāpa-jñaḥ merur iva kalyāṇa-prakr̥tiḥ dharmmaja Ivārjuna-pratāpa-varddhanaḥ ravir ivāhita-tamo-nikara-nirākariṣṇuḥ samasta-sāmanta-makuṭa-ghaṭṭita-caraṇaṁḥs sarvva-lokāśraya-śrī-viṣṇuvarddhana-mahāraājaādhirāja-parameśvara-bhaṭṭaārakaḥ paḷḷi-rāṣṭra-viṣaye senavurabu nāma grāme rāṣṭrakuūṭa-pramukhān kuṭuṁbināaḥ sarvvaān ittham āñajñāpayati

viditam astu vo ’smābhiḥ dveda-goṁbaṟṟu vaāstavyāya AĀtreya-gotrāya Āpastambhba-sūtrāya viṣṇubhaṭṭa-pautrāya veda-vedaāṁga-pāragaāya Eṟukamma-tredi-bhaṭṭa-putrāya yajanāa-yaājanaādhyāayanaādhyāpana-ṣaṭkarmma-nirataāya yajñamāṇḍa-tredi-bhaṭṭa-śarmmanāṇe sūryyāa-grahanāṇa-nimitte Udaka-puūrvvaṁ dattaṁ sarvva-kāara-parihāraṁ kr̥tvā. pūrvvataḥ ceṁgalavaḥ. dakṣiṇataḥ pañjiṇiḥ. paścimataḥ vedrukalkaḥ. Uttarataḥ bodanaṁbuḥ. Eteṣāṁ madhya-parivarttiḥ

Asya mmadhammasya guṇavāṇṇn aājñaptir vinayānvitaḥ jayāaruūpa Iti khyāto loke ’smin dharmma-vatsalaḥ bahubhir vvasudadhā dāattā bahubhiś caānupālitaā yasya yasya yatadā bhuūmis tasya tasya tadaā pālaḥphalaṁ bhūmi-dānāṁt paraṁ dānaṁ na bhuūtoaṁ na bhaviṣyati tayyosyaiva haranaṇāt paāpaṁ na bhuūtoaṁ na bbhaviṣyatiḥ sva-dattāṁ para-dadttāṁ vaā yo harestuta vasundharaāṁ ṣaṣṭai-varuṣarṣa-śsahaśsrānṇi viṣṭṭhaāyāṁ jaāyate kr̥miḥ
kulam alaṁkariaṣṇoḥ There is a dot at the bottom left corner of ma here, but no evidence of correction. Compare the similar dots further on. -viṣṇuvarddhana- Here, vi is a correction, probably written over ṣa, implying that the scribe first omitted vi and began inscribing ṣṇu, but noticed the error before completing that character. The following (post-correction) ṣṇu overlaps the right-hand edge of the pre-correction ṣa. -mahārājasya There is a dot at the bottom left corner of ma, but no evidence of correction. Compare the similar dots further on. -dānāṁvatāmpatteḥ The intent may have been -dāna-varddhitāvadāta-kīrtteḥ as in the Nemmaḷūru and Dinakādu grants of Vijayāditya I (both preceded by Aneka-tulā-dhr̥ta-suvarṇa-). The word sampatteḥ may also have been intended, but I know of no exact parallel for this; the Tāṇḍivāḍa grant of Vijayāditya II has °āneka-tulā-dhr̥ta-śrātakumbha-viśrāṇanāvadāta-śarīra-sampado. The only other charter with Aneka-tulā-dhr̥ta-suvarṇa- is the Sātalūru plates of Vijayāditya III, which continue with -dāna-dhārā-santarppaṇāni kurmmaḥ (em. kurvan?). śājgirṅgāyudha Compare śārggāyudha in the same phrase in the Peravali plates of Viṣṇuvardhana IV. ghaṭṭita The word is contextually appropriate, but as far as I know, this is the only occurrence of ghaṭṭita in variations of this vignette, while ghaṭita (said of gems in the crowns of subordinates) is common. paḷḷi-rāṣṭra- The ARIE reads pañji-rāṣṭra, but paḷḷi-rāṣṭra is certain and attested in the Koṇeki grant of Viṣṇuvardhana II. Compare ñji in line 21. senavurabu The ARIE reads senāvuramu, which seems to be a silent emendation. -vedaāṁga-pāragaāya Eṟukamma-tredi- There is a dot below the da of vedaṁga, which is probably a proofreader’s mark that the character needs correction. There is an identical dot below the second next character, pā, which may well have been corrected from pa by adding a vowel marker (which is rather compressed), and a third below the di of tredi near the end of this line, where there is no indication of correction, but the vowel marker may perhaps be a subsequent addition. -yaājanaādhyāayanaādhyāpana- compare yajanayajanādhyānadhyāpayanā (as corrected by the scribe) in the Permmañcili grant of Viṣṇuvardhana IV. Udaka-puūrvvaṁ dattaṁ sarvva- There are correction dots below U, vva, da, and the second vva. Of these, U may be a subsequent inline addition in the space after tte, and this space may have been widened by re-engraving the body of the following da in a narrower form. The other dotted characters have not been corrected. pūrvvataḥ There is a dot to the right of vva, which may be a mark that this needs correction to rvva.
Seal
Plates

Greetings. The grandson of His Majesty King mahārāja Viṣṇuvardhana III who earned his great good reputation by his political acumen naya, discipline vinaya and valour and who was eager to adorn the lineage of the majestic Cālukyas—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Hāriti, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed to kingship by Lord Mahāsena, to whom the realms of adversaries instantaneously submit at the mere sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, and whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions avabhr̥tha of the Aśvamedha sacrifice—; the dear son of His Majesty King mahārāja Vijayāditya I, whose resplendent fame was heightened byThe text is corrupt here; see the apparatus to line 7. I translate the phrase found in the in the Nemmaḷūru and Dinakādu grants of Vijayāditya I. gifts of gold weighed in many a balance against his body: namely His Majesty the the supremely pious Supreme Lord parameśvara of Emperors mahārājādhirāja and Sovereign bhaṭṭāraka Viṣṇuvardhana IV, shelter of all the world sarva-lokāśraya, the supreme devotee of Maheśvara—who was deliberately appointed as heir by his mother and father, who has the complete circle of peripheral rulers sāmanta bowed down through his own prowess, who possesses the bodily marks of a universal sovereign cakravartin, who is the beloved of Royal Fortune lakṣmī as Viṣṇu the Wielder of the Śārṅga bow is the beloved of Lakṣmī, who is a likeness of the ancient kings Nr̥ga, Naḥuṣa and Māndhātr̥, whose power is irresistible, who is equipped with the three powers śakti-traya, who has conquered the the entire universe’s samasta-bhuvana area by the strength of his own arms, whose bright fame is bounded only by the shores of the four oceans, who is versed in the whole bundle of practical arts kalā, who has a generous disposition like Mount Meru which is of auspicious nature, who thrives through bright valour as Yudhiṣṭhira the son of Dharma who prospered thanks to the valour of Arjuna, who is fit to dispel the darkness of enemies like the sun which is fit to dispel unpleasant darkness, whose feet are rubbed by the crowns of all peripheral rulers sāmanta—commands all householders kuṭumbin—including foremost the territorial overseers rāṣṭrakūṭa—who reside in the village named Senavurabu in Paḷḷi-rāṣṭra district viṣaya as follows.

Let it be known to you that on the occasion of an eclipse of the sun we have given this village,The object being granted is not specified in the text. rendered exempt from all taxes and sanctified by a libation of water, to the grandson of Viṣṇu-bhaṭṭa and son of Eṟukamma-tredi-bhaṭṭa, namely Yajñamāṇḍa-tredi-bhaṭṭa-śarman, resident of Dveda-Goṁbaṟṟu, of the Ātreya gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra, who has completely mastered the Vedas and VedāṅgasThis qualification follows the name of the donee’s father and may have been meant to describe him, but it is in the dative case, so I translate it as describing the donee. and who is engaged in the six duties of a Brahmin such as sacrificing and being commissioned to perform sacrifices, learning and teaching. To the east is Ceṁgalava. To the south is Pañjini. To the west is Vedrukalka. To the north is Bodanaṁbu. It is located in the midst of these.

The virtuous and disciplined executor ājñapti of this provision dharma is known in this world as Jayarūpa and is fond of lawfulness dharma.

Many kings have granted land, and many have preserved it as formerly granted. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit reward accrued of granting it belongs to him at that time.

There has never been and will never be a gift surpassing the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin surpassing the seizing of the same.

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.

Reported in 24A/1990-9110 with a description at 5-6. No previous editions known. The present edition was created for DHARMA by Dániel Balogh, on the basis of photographs taken by myself in February 2023 at the ASI Archaeological Museum, Amaravati.

24A/1990-9110 5-6