Mỹ Sơn stela (C. 89) EpiDoc Encoding Salomé Pichon intellectual authorship of edition Arlo Griffiths DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INSCIC00089

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths & Salomé Pichon.

2019-2025
DHARMAbase

The palaeography of face A and B is characterised a minor difference. The name Indravarmmadeva is in face A written Inravarmmadeva where as a in face B, a subscribe d has been engraved, reading Indravarmmadeva.

There are two form of independant I in the inscription, distinguished by a little appendice located inside the akṣara, or outside, in a shape of a hook extending vertically below it. The independant Ī also has a appendice extending from the character, but it is located above it. The character tha has two forms. The first one doesn't show the more usual shape of spiral of the cam graphic system but shares some common characteristics with pa, with it's right upstroke subtly curled inward. The second one is the more familiar spiral shape, as we notice in the word thil, l. B31 and l. B32.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml file.

Initial encoding of the inscription

śrī madā yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva ciy· vāk· ya Anāk· yām̃ po ku śrī harivarmmadeva ciy· tham̃ṅ· candya nan· kā rakṣā rāja parimāna Ekamāsa mam̃n· hetu yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva nan· vāla-svabhāva vloṁ kam̃n· pyan· thuv· hitāhitavastu si marakṣā rāja tra dunan· kā Aviḥ phala karmma Upak nyāya ṅan· rakṣā rāja trā mam̃n· yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva nan· ṅan· ya doṁ senāpatī brahmaṇa hora paṇdita kalpācāryya maddan· Antaḥpurikā yām̃ po ku śrī harivarmmadeva Avista viveka Imyaṅ· siy· yam̃ṅ· jem̃ sī rakṣā rāja mam̃n· ra mvoḥ pu lyam̃ śrī yuvarāja mahāsenāpatī ciy· pam̃ṅ· cralaum̃ ya myak· prāṇa yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva ya Adiy· yām̃ po ku śrī harivarmmadeva nan· madā rājalakṣaṇa saṁpurṇṇa tūy· nyāya pu pov· tana rayā cakravartti tra dunan· thuv· hitāhitavastu dharmma tyāga satyavacana karuṇā di sarvvabhāva niy· Avista raḥ pakṣapāta gnaṅ· rakṣā rāja si jem̃ yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva ya kumvan· pu lyam̃ śrī yuvarāja mahāsenāpatī ṅan· brahmaṇa kṣatriya paṇdita hora kalpācāryya maddan· ya doṁ Antaḥpurikā Avista Ekārthapādā ya vā Aneka ya doṁ śubhavastu ṅan· sanaṅguḥ rājaśrī Avista nau po pu lyam̃ śrī yuvarāja mahāsenāpatī Abhiṣeka vriy· rāja maAnan· yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva dauk· rakṣā rāja tuy· tanatap· vidhiḥ tra ya doṁ senāpatī brahmaṇa paṇdita hora kalpācāryya Avista yogya sidhi kā vriy· yām̃ po ku śrī parama⌈bodhisatva niy· maAnan· yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva tuy· samvandha sā Artha nan· tra sāru yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva niy· mahādharmma gnaṅ· clam̃ṅ· parārtha paklāḥ ya doṁ Urām̃ ya lagaiḥ di Āpatkāla si ya doṁ pu pov· tana rayā vukam̃n· daṇda vuḥ di dadam̃n· yām̃ padām̃ hajai svam̃n· vriy· nau tūy· hīnamaddhyottama ma padai padina duñū mulam̃ tra yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva nan· ya vriy· bhogopabhoga kam̃n· senāpatī ṅan· ya doṁ Urām̃ nagara campa kā nirupadrava svasti dauk· samū pūrvvakāla mulam̃ tra yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva ciy· vāk· ya kumvan· yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva kā nau bhikṣa Aṅguy· sukhasantoṣa tūy· yathā Iṣṭa mulam̃ trā yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva daḥ hake du po ya marakṣā rāja di nagara campa Andap· niy· mam̃n· yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva payvar· dharmma ṅan· tanatap· maddan· sakalavandhuvargga yām̃ po ku śrī paramabodhisatva di du pov· sadākāla śrī madā pu pom̃ tana rayā sā driy· sidaḥ yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jaya Indravarmmadeva ya paramarājādhirāja vik· sthāna janmotpatti di lamvīṅ· campapura yam̃ṅ· Utkr̥ṣṭa Ubhayapariśuddhi santāna tra yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Indravarmmadeva nan· trā madā vdvāttriṅśalakṣaṇa sampanna maknā nau ṅan· saundaryyarūpa Abhinavayauvana sāmarthya catura suguṇa sahajajātiśūra sarvvāyudhakuśala mahāparākrama gnam̃ paslyam̃ ya doṁ ripuvargga sadākāla tra thum̃ tatvajñāna sahita maknā ṅan· paramārthavastu Upak· Ahaṅkāra tra dunan· śānticitta karuṇā di ya doṁ sarvvabhāva nim̃ tra dunan· mahātyāga dhairyya gāmbhirabuddhi tra dunan· kā vavā sanamū di trivargga sidaḥ Artha dharmma kāma Upak· vik· pakṣapāta tra dunan· vavā caturupāya sidaḥ sāma daṇda bheda Upapradāna di śatrumaṇdala mitramanḍala Udāsīnagaṇa klum̃ yathākrama tra dunan· kā paslyam̃ ṣaḍarivargga sidaḥ kāma krodha lobha moha mada mātsaryya tra dunan· thum̃ ṣāḍgunyābhiprāya tra dunan· kā tatap· tūm̃ manumārgga ya sapluḥ dalapan· prakāra tra mūlam̃ trā sidaḥ di kaliyuga nim̃ kintu yaḥ mahāpuruṣa nan· kā tmum̃ rājaparibhoga ṅan· guṇa sā prakāra mam̃n· tathāpi kaliḥ kā vā puruṣa nan· mohapramadana ṅāk· lupā yogaddhyāna samādhi da dharmmapuṇya parahitāhitayogyāyogyakaraṇa mapajem̃ yaśa kīrtti ṅan· sandyāṁ kam̃ Ātmā drim̃ di loka nim̃ ṅan· paraloka na si yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Indravarmmadeva kā madā sampūrṇṇa ṅan· guṇa nan· tra rumam̃ dunan· kā tmum̃ rājaparibhoga mam̃n· dunan· kā thum̃ daḥ śarīra ṅan· paribhoga nim̃ haR̥:m̃ḥ Anitya mam̃n· si jem̃ dunan· kevalasādhāra Utsāha di yogaddhyānasamādhi vavā dharmma sadākāla punaḥ mulam̃ trā sidaḥ nagara campa nim̃ kintu kā liṅyak· śūnyākāra nau hetu śanāpa navai tathāpi si yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Indravarmmadeva yam̃ṅ· devatāmūrtti nan· kā pajem̃ nagara rumam̃ jumvuv· patruḥ tam̃l· rilvai kā syāṁ samr̥ddhi samū pūrvvakāla mulam̃ tra ra vuḥ vihāra śrī Indralokeśvara di tranūl· vijaya ra vuḥ samasta Upabhoga devatā nan· paripūrṇṇa tra ra punaḥ ya doṁ devatā vukam̃n· Avista ra vuḥ suvarṇṇakośa ṅan· rajitakośa maddan· hemamukhamakuṭa dadam̃n· sthāna devatā dinan· tra ra vuḥ Urām̃ ṅan· lumvau kruvāv· ṅan· samasta Upakaraṇa panūjā devatā dinan· mam̃n· ya doṁ devatā dinan· kā saṁmr̥ddhi syāṁ tmum̃ panūjā cāy· dhāy· pūrvvakāla mulam̃ mam̃n· ya doṁ sarvvajana caturvvarṇṇa sidaḥ brāhmaṇa kṣatriya vaiśya śūdra Avista ka pramuditamānasa ra di yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Indravarmmadeva nan· samū svabhāva canrāditya paran· puṇdirīkavuṅā bhireṣa ṅan· kumudavuṅā supara rim̃. yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Indravarmmadeva dunan· ya I:śvaramūrtti kā thum̃ daḥ yām̃ po ku śrīśānabhadreśvara nim̃ yaḥ I:śvara sakala pratyakṣa di loka nim̃ mam̃n· ra paṅap· suvarṇṇakośa ṣanmukha maknā ṅan· nāgabhūṣaṇa maddan· ratnarañjita si kā nivandha di śikhara makuṭa dinan· kintu lac· Urddhvakośa nan· madā hema vicitra si kā pajem̃ Ādhāra Urddhvamukha dvā nan· ṅan· matā sūryyakānti sā khanda si kā Ikak· di hulum̃ makuṭa nan· mukha sumvrām̃ pūrvva madā matā māṇikya sā si Ikak· di hulum̃ mkumakuṭa nan· ṅan nāgarājabhūṣaṇa dakṣiṇottarapūrvvamukha nan· ṅan matā nīla pāk· si Ikak· di matā nāgarāja nan· di hulum̃ makuṭa sumvrām̃ dakṣiṇa nan· matā māṇikya sā si Ikak· ganan· di hulum̃ makuṭa sumvrāṅ· paścima matā puṣparāga sā si Ikak· ganan· di hulum̃ makuṭa sumvrām̃ Uttara matā Uttaratna sā si Ikak· ganan· pīṇa vana qnāk· kośa māḥ nan·. 314 thil· 8 draṁ. vana qnāk· māḥ ṣanmukha nan· ṅan· makuṭa dinan· maddan nāgarāja dvā nan· ṅan· Ādhāra Urdhvamukha nan· rim̃. 136 thil·. Avi jem̃. 450 thim̃ 8 draṁ śakarāja 1010 hu au rātuḥ jāk· hu haāai dalapan· pluḥ jāk· humā rava tijuḥ pluḥ jāk· Aviḥ jem̃ dvā rātuḥ limā pluḥ jāk· ṅan· tandom̃ languv· humā rimandur· sāpam̃ kdaḥ rā · nau gaḥ manrauṅ· paun· m̃k· yām̃ na rā sakyak· glai. yāt· bhcrauḥ huriy· raditam̃· sakyam̃ paiv· gaḥ huriy· tamā mulam̃ humā makik· sā rātuḥ jāk· humā Ataṁ sā rātuḥ limā pluḥ jāk· humā vauḥ havvai dvā rātuk· humā veguḥ hai lima pluḥ jāk· Aviḥ jem̃ limā rātuḥ jāk· ṅan· tandom̃ languv·. niy· humā ni nagara traic· humā haai Avauṅ· di kaviṅ· sā tanr̥ṅ· huriy· vaṅun· sauk· tam̃l· thvai bham̃k· ndau. humā makik· klum̃ rātuḥk· humā devaau sā rātuḥ jāk humā tam̃m· dvā rātuḥ jāk· humā siñjol· sā rātuḥ jāk·. humā di cāmpapura krauṅ· gaḥ manrauṅ· Arāṁ gaḥ varāk· humā makīk· sā rātuḥ jāk· humā malau sa rātuḥ limā pluḥ jāk· humā Atam̃k· sā rātuḥ jāk· humā siñjol· limā pluḥ jāk· di dvā sthāna humā nan· Aviḥ jem̃ sā rivuv· sā rātuḥ jāk· ṅan· tandom̃ laṅguv·.

Inra- Indra- tham̃ṅ· thāṅ· Probably read pam̃ṅ·. Cf. l. 7 below, C. 90, B l. 2 and C. 208. The akṣara th has quite a different shape in this inscription. kā rakṣā kā ra rakṣā Inra- Indra- marakṣā maraksā phala pala rakṣā raksā Inra- Indra- viveka Imyaṅ· vivekaṇa myaṅ· yam̃ṅ· yaṅ· rakṣā raksā lyam̃ lyaṅ· Inra- Indra- -lakṣaṇa -laksaṇa saṁpurṇṇa tūy saṁpūrṇṇa tuy cakravartti cakravarti avista aviṣṭa pakṣapāta paksapāta rakṣā raksā Inra- Indra- kṣatriya ksatriya ṅan· nan· Abhiṣeka Aviḥ ka rāja maAnan· rāja nan· rakṣā raksā yogyapigi kā vriy· yogya picitā vriy· maAnan· manan· samvandha sā Artha samvandhaṇa Artha Cf. Ekārtha in line A12. lagaiḥ lavaiḥ di si duñu du hū C. 13 B, l. 2 duñuv. Maybe read lapa dai aniḥ duñū? Inra- Indra- nau bhikṣa vau dhiksa marakṣā maraksā .... śrī.. . śrī. madā mada sā driy· sa driy· Compare the marker for in line B6 śānticitta. -lakṣaṇa- -laksaṇa- gnam̃ gnaṅ paslyam̃ paslyaṅ gāmbhira- gambhira- vik· vīk· pakṣa- paksa- ṣāḍ- ṣaḍ- tūm̃ lam̃ laṅ da ṅā -karaṇa mapajem̃ -karaṇama pajem̃ sandyāṁ pandyā yām̃ yāṅ rumam̃ rumaṅ haR̥:m̃ The identification of the word intended here as the one spelt haR̥ḥ twice in C. 17 is certain, but the spelling is not entirely clear. We assume that the notation Inscr. haṝḥ in haram̃ḥ/harơḥ means that the authors had seen the present occurrence and interpreted the slightly unclear marker above as standing in the function of a length mark, hence our representation of the marker as :. The presence of the anusvāra-candra is also somewhat uncertain. liṅyak· śūnyākāra liṅgyak· śūnyā kā ra saṁmr̥ddhi samr̥ddhi cāy· dhāy· mulam̃ mulaṅ kṣatriya ksatriya mulam̃ mulaṅ canrāditya candrāditya Īśvara- Iśvara- hemavicitra hemav vicitra dvā bva Ikak· di ikak·. di Finot inserts punctuation that has no basis in the original. Several further instance will occur below. sumvrām̃ pumvrān di . di nīla nila Ikak· di ikak·. di sumvrām̃ pumvrāṅ ganan· di ganan·. di sumvrāṅ· pumvrāṅ sumvrām̃ pumvrān vana Ānāk vanaāk 8 9 vana Ānāk vanaĀk dvā bva urdhva- ūrddhva- But the first character is the same as in l. 26, where Finot correctly read urddhva-. thil·. Avi jem̃. 450 thil· Aviḥ jeṅ. 450 8 draṁ śakarāja 9 draṁ. śakarāja

Hail ! There is the Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya-Indravarman prince Vak who was the son of the Y.P.K. Śrī Harivarman prince Paṅ, for this candyam̃ protected the kingdom/reigned during one month. Then, because this Śrī Jaya-Indravarmadeva had the nature of a child not yet kam̃n used to knowing the good and the bad things for the protection of the kingdom/to reign and because all the consequences of his actions were devoided of justice with the way he reigned also, then, this Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya-Indravarmadeva and all the senāpatī, brahmans, astrologists , pandits, masters of rituals, with all the women of the Y.P.K. Śrī Harivarman made the right judgment of looking for someone to become a who reigns. Then, they saw the pu lyaṅ Śrī Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati, prince Paṅ, who was the uncle prāṇa of the Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva and who was the younger brother of this Y.P.K. Śrī Harivarmadeva. He has full of the marks of a king conform with justice of the pu pov tana rayā crakravartin and this one knew the good and bad things, the dharma, the renunciation, the truthful speaking, the compassion for all beings, all....

Y.P.K. Śrī Paramabodhisatva, he gave ressources to the general senāpatī and to all the people of the realm of Campā.

Fortune! There was a unique sovereign of the great earth, namely Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva, who was the absolute overlord of kings, whose birth place was at Lamvīṅ Campapura,The association of this sovereign with a place called Lamvīṅ Campapura is repeated in C. 247. The meaning of lamvīṅ is unknown, as is its relationship to Campapura: a part of or location within Campura, or a certain entity belonging to Campapura? Given this uncertainty, we opt for minimal interpretation and retain Lamvīṅ Campapura as though it were a unitary toponym. and whose lineage, pure in both paternal and maternal lines, was superior. This Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva also had the thirty-two marks: he was endowed with physical beauty saundaryarūpa, with precocious youthfulness abhinavayauvana, ability, skilfulness, great virtues, braveness from birth, competence with all weapons, great valour, able gnaṅ to vanquish all the groups of ennemies at all times and cognizant of the Science of Ontic Realities tattvajñāna along with Absolute Truth paramārthavastu, devoid of Egotism. And he was of tranquil mind, gracious to all beings here. And he was of great generosity, patience, of profound intelligence. And he bore equanimity to the three categories — Dharma, Artha, Kāma — without a locus of partiality. And he brought to bear the four strategems, namely pacification, punishment, sowing dissent, flexibility to enemies, allies and neutral parties, all three respectively.

And he vanquishes the group of six ennemis, namely desire, anger, cupidity, confusion, pride, envy. And he knows the six virtuous opinions. And he settles and follows the ways of men, which are of eighteen types.

And previously he also is in this kaliyuga age, but he is that mahāpuruṣa who obtains the enjoyment of royalty with one type of merit only. Even if Kali drives the men to confusion and pleasure,

First edited with translation into French by L. Finot (946-95116). The inscription is re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths and Salomé Pichon based on autopsy and the EFEO estampage n. 333.

946-951 16 3 169-173 65 145-148