Broken statue of Śiva mounted on his Bull from Chiêm Sơn EpiDoc Encoding Salomé Pichon intellectual authorship of edition Arlo Griffths Salomé Pichon Conversion of encoding for DHARMA Salomé Pichon DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INSCIC00161

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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths and Salomé Pichon.

 2019-2025 Broken statue of Śiva mounted on his Bull from Chiêm Sơn Arlo Griffiths Amandine Lepoutre

First digital edition made by École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), realized in collaboration with the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW) at New York University as The Corpus of the Inscriptions of Campā, in 2010-2012.

École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) DHARMA_INSCIC00161

Copyright (c) 2012 by Arlo Griffiths & Amandine Lepoutre.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.

 DHARMAbase C. 161 Đà Nẵng Bảo Tàng Điêu Khắc Chăm Đà Nẵng BTC 1498 Đà Nẵng Bảo Tàng Điêu Khắc Chăm Đà Nẵng BTĐN 1205 Tourane EFEO Museum 12,5

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml file.

 Campa file transformed to follow the DHARMA encoding structure. Metadata extracted to be checked and updated according DHARMA workflow. Done through XSLT. Photograph of the front of the sculptural stela whose back bears inscription . Taken in the Đà Nẵng Museum by Arlo Griffiths on . Photograph of inscription . Taken in the Đà Nẵng Museum by Arlo Griffiths on . Photograph of one of the EFEO estampages under n. 511. Photograph of EFEO estampage n. 2132.
deśamaryyāda bhāja di na gva hetu ranakṣa bhāva jem̃ dharmma paraloka dudim̃ śivarūppa nī pyauḥ di nagara atmarā vrim̃ śivācāryya di nagara ja bhaktī jem̃ dharmma mayvā di kṣatriya ja ya dr̥m̃ rāja dudim̃ jmai paliṅyak· dharmma di śaka 1365
deśamaryyāda the reading is partly conjectural, and our proposal is based on the supposition that we have here a synonym for the expression janapadamaryyādā that is found in the (much older) inscriptions C. 72 and C. 217.... paralokain view of the sequence rijan· śivaprathimānna pyauḥ bhanakti prathidinna di loka ṅan· paraloka dudim̃ occurring in C. 42, l. 11–12, we are tempted to restore di loka ṅan· at the end of line -4.atmarāthe initial a is surprising, for one expects ātma°, perhaps to be restored as ātmarāṣṭra or ātmarāj(y)a.

… rules of the land … because he protected beings, that is why (jem̃) the religious law (dharma) … yonder world. In the future (dudim̃), let these various images of Śiva be in the land of his own … He ordered Śiva-priests in the land, who were faithful to the religious law, to pay heed to (?, mayvā di) those of noble birth (kṣatriyaja) in the future who will hold the kingdom (rāja = rājya)! Do not destroy the foundation (dharma)! [Engraved in the Śaka year] 1365.

The iconography of what remains of the sculpture seems somewhat comparable with that seen in the sculpture whose back bears the inscription C. 42 from Drang Lai, which dates to the same period, although the posture of the deity sitting on the bull is different in both cases. Another inscription that has come to light in recent years (C. 215) is engraved on the back of the upper part of a broken statue of Śiva. The god’s mount and head are here not preserved, but what is preserved of the torso is very comparable to the Śiva from Drang Lai, bearing on its back C. 42, and so the torso may be considered to have been a Śiva. Moreover, this fragment of a Śiva was found at the site of Chùa Vua (or Gò Lồi) in the valley Chiêm Sơn Tây (Chiêm Sơn West) near Trà Kiệu.

In other words, we have two contemporary fragments of inscriptions, one engraved on the upper back, the other on the lower back of a sculpture, both of these fragments found in Chiêm Sơn; the one fragment shows the torso of a possible Śiva, the other the lap of a deity sitting on a bull, i.e. almost certainly Śiva. We are very tempted to consider that these two inscriptions, C. 215 and C. 161, originally belonged together as top and bottom. The measurements of the stones would seem to allow this hypothesis, although both fragments have suffered a lot precisely in the place where the pieces would have been joined, so it is hard to get any certainty from measurement, and it is not likely that physically trying to join the two pieces would yield clear confirmation either. We have measured the size of the letters of the two inscriptions, and the result was some dissimilarity in size, so that we remain in doubt about this hypothesis.

The final words of this inscription show the same formula with which the inscription C. 42 is also terminated.