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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths & Amandine Lepoutre.
In 1337 Śaka (1415 CE), after the death of king Jayasiṁhavarman, his son Vīrabhadravarman, who was until then Lord of Ṅauk Glauṅ Vijaya, came to the throne of the kingdom. After many battles, which the Vietnamese king waged against Campā, king Vīrabhadravarman attacked Đại Việt, at an uncertain date. He captured a Vietnamese princess, slaves, animals and many riches of the Vietnamese king before heading back to Vijayāpurī, his favourite seat of government.
Close political ties between the lowlands and highlands led to the integration of the ‘Great king of the Montagnards’ within a territory called Madhyamagrāma, and the vassalage of Śrī Gajarāja (‘King of the Elephants’). In this way, the protection of god Kirāṭeśvara was assured for the forested domains of the Cam king. Vīrabhadravarman, for his part, offered the highlands region some forms of infrastructure, such as a well and roads.
In 1357 Śaka (1435 CE), he founded an image of the god Kirāṭeśvara. The latter was endowed by him with servants, wealth in gold, silver, lands and men. The ‘Great king of the Montagnards’ who was reigning undertook water works and promoted rice-growing in the same region, also offering men and women who had been previously captured. And so a holy place, named Bhagit, was established.
The lettering is characteristic of the fifteenth century CE.
The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).
Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.
Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_idListMembers_v01.xml file.
viśeka dr̥m̃ nāma yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī vr̥ṣuviṣṇujātti vīrabhadra
varmmadeva pu-pom̃ ku pūra ṅauk· glaum̃ vijaya dr̥m̃ rāja di śaka
sidaḥ R̥śi-pāvaka-Agni-rūpa
dunan· sūṇu yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī
jayasīṅhavarmmadeva pu-pom̃ ku vr̥ṣuvaṅṣa paramabhūmyā
ddhi
ke śivasthāṇna Aviśekha rāja di paratmaja nan· dr̥m̃ rāja pr̥
-māṇnasa kram̃tthi vījākūra pakā yavaṇarāja vā vala
marai Aneka Āyuddha kā rijan· vyuha samīpa śrī vija
yāpurī hetu yām̃ pom̃ ku śivakāruṇna kum̃ jak· di
mahnā kireṇdra sidaḥ śrīṣnarājavāri doṁ nā
yakāyuddha ya doṁ vala dinan· ya klāḥ di maranna
nau take nagara di śaka śaśām̃ka-rahutauva-rāja-rāja-vā
n
puruśśa matr̥ī Aśva gaja Aneka dravya yavanarāja
dhai rājagottra vā rājaputtrī marai pam
ku maUdyāṇna gulāc· tam̃l· vijayāpurī sampū
rṇna pakā vrīm̃ maṇtrī karāvv· ya doṁ bhaṇḍāra mavvām̃
mahnā kirendra di
tuṅgo marai kā jak· di śrī gajarāja gvac· mahnā
kirendra lo kāla gvac· di ṅauk· vanam̃k·
-pom̃ ku di vaṇna dadam̃n· kāla sim̃ tmum̃ klāḥ di pāppa ṅan· ya
śa di loka ṅan· paraloka dudim̃ pu-pom̃ ku kamvac· tuvam̃ śāla pa
vvak· Anvak· vr
ṇ nī samū ṅan· nagara Alā rim̃ mak· bhaṇḍāra vanaḥ nī kraum̃ pralāy·
ṣ
ṇḍāra vukam̃n· rim̃ kāla sthāppa cai
-l
nī doṁ dr̥vya lumvaḥ di yām̃ kralauk· māḥ vanna qnā
[pi](ra)k· 20 thil· kalaśa pirak· 3 thil· Uk· pira
[k·] (2) thil· suvauk· pirak· 4 vauḥ 4 thil· (c)ān· dhūp pirak·
[#] (vau)ḥ 2 thil· li 8 graṁ klaum̃ pirak· sa vauḥ 1 thil· kralau
[k· pi]rak· sa vauḥ 2 thil· sralaum̃ pirak· sa vauḥ 10 thil·
[ma]dā humā si parok· s(i) vuḥ ni cai(t)ra (d)i humā bvar· (p)a
[ṇdīp·] (d)i Atam̃ vvil· 110 jāk· vijaiḥ humā bvar· paṇdīp·
[sā] (sth)āṇna ttrā di lumven· 170 vijaiḥ humā bvar· laṅī
[k· di] lumven· 250 vijaiḥ
[di ha]jai akauvv· 200 vijeḥ humā bvar· laṅīk· sā sthā-
[ṇna] tt(r)ā di tanvantarāṅśāriḥ 2(8)00 vijaiḥ
[ḥ] dauk· di ṅauk· nī ṅan· lauvv· yvan· kur· syaṁ
[ja]vā vaṅgalā Aviḥ 170 ṅan· mmahnā kireṇnra (ha)
yāvv· tmum̃ dvā pluḥ klu ku {1/2}
kvak· ṅan· rūppa ta gvac· (na)n· dr̥[m̃]
nāma br̥vaṣasrādi manr̥auṅ·
(cam·) yām̃ Inā ja (si)ddhi sula
kṣana mahnā ka(ta) sampūrna
lakṣana madā kukum̃ sa plu
ḥ salapan· vrim̃ nāma bva {1}
(ramatta)taṅga pu-pom̃ ku {1}
pajyem̃ vam̃k· kraum̃ ha[yā]
vv· manr̥au(m̃) parok· pa {1/2}
humā padam̃ṅ· rāja {2}
vuḥ yvan· (s)i mak· [lakim̃]
krumim̃ luvaiḥ klum̃ rī(v)[uv·] {1}
tu syāṁ (s)vam̃n· vījā[kūra]
nāma sakram̃tthi pu [pom̃]
ku maUdyāṇna va(la) [gulā]
c· mahnā kīreṇdr̥ {2}
rāpurī ṅan· dadam̃n· {2} [bha]
ṇḍāra ya madā ma(hn)ā [kire-]
ṇdra hetu ri ganī {2} [sa]
kr̥m̃tthi dadam̃n· va(na)[m̃]k· [… śi]
vasthāṇna raḥ kā pū {2/3}
(v)ya sthāppa caittra nī {2/3}
nāma (th)īrtatna (bha)git·
mak· hastī hastinī A
saiḥ lamauv· kruvām̃ lu
mvaḥ pa(pa)m̃mvram̃ caittra nī jem̃
dharmma
ni doṁ bhaṇḍāra naga
ra (k)vī[r]· si bharam̃ devatā ra
vrim̃ si mak· patupak·
vā marai dauk· di lābha bha
ṇḍāra vr̥im̃ dauk· pamvr̥m̃m̃ caitr̥a nī
This inscription long remains unpublished, except for the first 4/5 lines read (partly) by Louis Finot and Anne-Valérie Schweyer. It was first mentioned in BEFEO 1 (1901), p. 413 and 2 (1902), p. 227; presence at “Cheo Reo” described by Parmentier (1902: 282); proper provenance ascertained by Prosper Odend’hal in 1903 (see Finot 1904b: 535); stela described by Parmentier (1909: 562–563); briefly referred to, with citation of its first 4 lines by Finot (1915: 13–14); mentioned by Majumdar (1927: 223, no. 119); arrival at Museum reported in BEFEO 27 (1927), p. 460; Finot’s excerpt cited by Golzio (2004: 199); first five lines read and translated by Schweyer (2008a: 226). Available reproductions: EFEO estampages 267, n. 510, n. 2122–2125.