Stela of Rājendravarman of Phnom Sandak (K. 192), 878 Śaka EpiDoc Encoding Salomé Pichon intellectual authorship of edition George Cœdès Salomé Pichon DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INSCIK00192

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2019-2025
DHARMAbase

The scribe makes very scanty use of virāma, so that most words known to be consonant-final are spelt without cancellation of the inherent vowel of the final consonant. Notice the inclusion of -i in headmarks. The scribe doesn't do any distinction between the ña and the ñca : the ligatured ca is absorbed in the akṣara ña.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml file.

Addition of placeName and seg tagging few corrections Updating toward the encoding template v03 further revisions Further revisions of the translation correcting the translation few corrections adding my translation modification of the apparatus modification of the intellectual authorship further revisions resolved question of the "ryya bhagavan·" further revisions first revision Initial encoding of the file

jaya siddhi svāsti 878 śaka Aṣṭami ket· puṣya candravāra nu mān· vraḥ śāsana dhūli vraḥ pāda dhūli jeṅa· vraḥ pāda kaṁmrateṅ·a· ta mratāña· khloña· vnaṁ kaṁmrateṅa· jagata· śivapura nu mratāñ· śrīvirendravijaya thve pāñjiya· śgi qnaka· steṅa·a· Ācāryya bharyyagavana· nu yā kaṁmrateṅa·a· rājaputra Āya· vnura· vinau ta qcasa· nu kaṁmrateṅa·a· ta kanmyaṅa· ta phqvana· nu dravya ta māna· phoṅa· khñuṁ thmura· krapi taṁmrya qseḥ svoka· vaudi gadāha sruka· sre khñuṁ vraḥ vleṅa· mana· kalpa gho kansata· gho vara gho bhāja tai kandhana· tai kandica· tai khnapa· kulā kapit· tai mādhavi tai kanteṅa· tai laṅgāyā tai phEka· tai panlāsa· tai bhadra gho thgota· gho kañyuṁs· gho L̥m̐ta gho kaṁvana· kvala piṅgala tai gandha tai kavrau tai kaṅvāta· gho ranoca· kvala saṁvara gho kaṁvrau Ātmāpradāna tai kana·Asa· tai kanakanhyaṅa· tai jvika· tai kaṁprvata· tai saṁApa· tai kañjā tai Utpala kvala caṁlāka· tai saṁApa· kvana· saṁApa· phoṅa· tai kaṁpita· nu kvana· kaṁpita· phoṅa· tai kaññcāna· tai kaṁpita· nu kvan· kaṁpita· phoṅa· tai pindā tai thpala· gi jmaḥha· kvana· pindā nu tai kana·Ina· tai panheṁ gho kana·rāka· gho varmmaśiva gho kaṁvrau gho gandha gho panlasa· gho Amr̥ta gho kanso gho thleṁ gho kaṁvāsa· tai dharmma si panheṁ phaqvana· panheṁ vyara· tai kra tai Utpala sota· gho kaṁpur· tai panlāsa· kvan· panlāsa· phoṅa· tai saṁApa· tai pandāna· nu kvana· pandān· vrai tāña· tiṁ tai pandān· gho mahendra tai kañcu nu kvana· kañcu phoṅa· qme panlāsa· nu panlās· daya vāpa· gapa· nu gaṇā vāp· phoṅa· tai srāc ta vraḥ nu kvana· phoṅa· tai kaṁpita· sota· nu kvana· phoṅa· tai chke tai kaṁpura· nu kvan kaṁpura· phoṅa· sre Aṁvi jeṅa· vraḥ daṁnappa· capa· travāṅa· svāyāa· dau lvaḥ stuka· krapi lvaḥ Īśānapada nu sruka· phle gi sruka· pāsa· khmau nu sre phle gi sre Aṁve vāpa· śikhāśānti Āya· vrai patau nu chpāra· phle gi sre pāsa· khyala· sre vaka· dnyāṁ nu chpāra· phle gi sre caṁnāṁ steṅa·a· Āya· vyoma sre caṁnāṁ steṅa·a· Āya· stuka· ransi jmaḥ canhvara· vracca neḥ gi Aṁpālla gi javānatala .

śivapura One could also read śivapuri. However, the reoccurence in epigraphy of the term śivapura led me to think that the round part on the top of the ra must be an overly accentuated hook. śrivirendravijaya śrīvirendravijaya pāñjiya· pāñjiya thgota· thkot· kañyuṁs· kañyus· ranoca· noc· kanahyaṅa· kanhyaṅ· kaññcāna· kañcān· panheṁ panhyeṁ panheṁ panhyeṁ panheṁ panhyeṁ svāyā svāy·

Victoire ! Succès ! Prospérité ! En 878 śaka, le huitième tithi de la quinzaine claire de Puṣya, un lundi, il y eut un ordre royal du dhūli vraḥ pāda dhūli jeṅ vraḥ pāda kamrateṅ 'añ Rājendravarman II, au mratāñ chef de sanctuaire du kamrateṅ jagat de Śivapurī ainsi qu’au mratāñ Śrī Vīrendravijaya de faire un registre des gens du steṅ añ Ācārya Bhagavan, de la grand-mère du kamrateṅ añ Rājaputra le prince à Vnur Vinau, l'aîné, et du kamrateṅ añ le prince son cadet, ainsi que de l'ensemble des biens qu'ils possèdent : esclaves, bœufs, buffles, éléphants, chevaux, plateaux, cruches, chaudrons, villages, rizières.

Les esclaves chargés du maintien du feu sacré qui y ont été assignés sont gho Kansat, gho Vara, gho Bhāja, tai Kandhan, tai Kandic, tai Khnap, la famille de Kaṁpit, tai Mādhavi, tai Kanteṅ, tai Laṅgāyā, tai Ph'ek, tai Panlās, tai Bhadra, gho Thgot, gho Kañyuṁs, gho L̥m̐ta, gho Kaṁvan Kvala Piṅgala, tai Gandha, tai Kaṁvrau, tai Kaṅvāt, gho Ranoc Kvala Saṁvara, gho Kaṁvrau Ātmāpradāna, tai Kanas, tai Kanhyaṅ, tai Jvik, tai Kaṁprvat, tai Sam'ap, tai Kañjā, tai Utpala Kvala Caṁlāk, tai Saṁ'ap et tous ses enfants, tai Kaṁpit et tous ses enfants, tai Kañcān, tai Kaṁpit et tous ses enfants, tai Pindā, tai Thpal nommée enfant de Pindā et tai Kan'in, tai Panheṁ, gho Kanrāk, gho Varmaśiva, gho Kaṁvrau, gho Gandha, gho Panlas, gho Amr̥ta, gho Kanso, gho Thleṁ, gho Kaṁvās, tai Dharma, si Panheṁ et ses deux cadets, tai Kra, une autre tai Utpala, gho Kaṁpur, tai Panlās et tous ses enfants, tai Saṁ'ap, tai Pandān et ses enfants : Vrai, Tāñ et Tiṁ, tai Pandān, gho Mahendra, tai Kañcu et tous ses enfants, le chef des remplaçants et des remplaçants volontaires : le vāp Gap et l'ensemble du groupe de travail du vāp, tai Srāc Ta Vraḥ et tous ses enfants, une autre tai Kaṁpit et tous ses enfants, tai Chke, tai Kaṁpur et tous ses enfants ?.

La rizière, à partir du pied la sainte digue qui retient le Travāṅ Svāy le bassin des manguiers continuant jusqu’à Stuk Krapi l'étang ou le bosquet des buffles, jusqu’à Īśānapada avec le village qui en dépend. Le village de Pās Khmau la vigne noire ainsi que la rizière qui en dépend. La rizière fondée par vāp Śikhāśanti à Vrai Patau forêt de rotins ainsi que le parc qui en dépend. La rizière de Pās Khyal la vigne au sud. La rizière de Vak Dnyāṁ porter le joug ainsi que le parc qui en dépend. La rizière pourvoyant aux besoins du steṅ añ à Vyoma. La rizière pourvoyant aux besoins du steṅ añ à Stuk Ransi l’étang ou le bosquet des bambous nommée Canhvar Vrac fossé des bambous.

L’intégralité de ces rizières est javānatala.

En 878 śaka, huitième jour de la lune croissante de Puṣya, lundi, il y eut un ordre de Sa Majesté au Mratāñ chef de sanctuaire khloñ vnaṁ du K. J. de Śivapura et à Mratāñ Śrī Vīrendravijaya, de faire la liste des gens du Steṅ Añ Ācārya Bhagavan, de Yā K. A. Rājaputra à Vnur Vinau tertre des orangers du Malabar le vieux, et de K. A. le jeune son frère, ainsi que celle de tous leurs biens, esclaves, bœufs, buffles, éléphants, chevaux, plateaux, vases, bassines, villages, rizières.

Esclaves du feu sacré qui sont affectés au temple suit la liste d'une vingtaine de gho et d'une quarantaine de tai avec leurs enfants.

Rizière, à partir du pied de la sainte digue qui retient l'eau de Travāṅ Svāy bassin des manguiers jusqu'à Stuk Krapi mare à buffles, jusqu'à Īśānapada, avec le village qui en dépend ; village de Pās Khmau avec la rizière qui en dépend ; rizière au delà de Vāp Śikhāśanti à Vrai Patau forêt de rotins avec le jardin qui en dépend ; rizière de Pās Khyal ; rizière de Vak Dnyāṁ avec le jardin qui en dépend ; rizière prestataire de Steṅ Añ à Vyoma ; rizière prestataire de Steṅ Añ à Stuk Ransi mare des bambous, nommée Canhvar Vrac.

Toutes ces rizières sont javānatala.

In modern khmer, the virāma is no longer in use to differentiate akṣaras to be pronounced with and without inherent -a. Therefore, in transcribing modern Khmer, one must decide to include the -a or not based on one's understanding of the word-structure of the given text. In editing the present inscription, which use virāma much more sparingly than is the norm in Old Khmer, it would seem that George Cœdès has applied the same transcription mode. Since his transliteration system, anyhow never explicitly represent virāma, the difference between actually present virāma and editorially suppresed inherent -a is invisible in his edition. In order to avoid an edited text with an abnormally high precentage of a-final words, I have made copious use of the tag a·.

dhūli vraḥ pāda dhūli jeṅ vraḥ pāda kamrateṅ 'añ is a royal honorific title alluding to Rājendravarman II.

Concerning the encoding of "ryya bhagavan·", at the beggining of l. 4 : the scribe has most likely erased an already written "ryya" because he forgot to leave some space for "bhagavan·". Therefore, the syllables "ryya bha" were re-written in the margin, followed by "ghavan·", inscribed over the original "ryya" that we still can distinguished underneath.

There are a lot of name repetitions in this list. In thoses lines, for instance, the names Sam'ap and Kaṁpit are used to designate several individuals.

qme panlās nu panlās daya : one translation of the word qme by Jenner is "chief". He used it to translate me kñuṁ in K. 956. I decided to choose an analogue meaning for this translation. Panlās could therefore designate the substitutes slaves that this chief commands.

As Cœdès explained, javānatala is an unclear expression, only found in this inscription. If tala means "ground", javāna does not mean anything. A possible correction would be jīvanatala, meaning "lands of subsistence", but that would imply a lot of modifications.

First studied by Etienne Aymonier (1393-394). Edited later by George Cœdès with a French translation (6128-130). Re-edited here by Salomé Pichon based on EFEO estampage n. 762. Note that the editio princeps ignores the difference between consonant-final words written with virāma and words where a virāma is expected but not written.

1 393-394 6 128-130