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<title>Kayu Ara Hiwang (823 Śaka)</title>
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<forename>Wayan Jarrah</forename>
<surname>Sastrawan</surname>
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<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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<forename>Wayan Jarrah</forename>
<surname>Sastrawan</surname>
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<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<pubPlace>Paris, Jakarta</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKKayuAraHiwang</idno>
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<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths & Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan</p>
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<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).</p>
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<p><lb n="1"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>// sva<choice><orig>ṣ</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>ti śaka-varṣātīta <num value="823">823</num> Asuji-māsa pañcamī kr̥<milestone unit="face" n="b" break="no"/>ṣṇa-pakṣa, vurukuṁ <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>pahiṁ soma-vāra Aṅgāra-stha m<choice><orig>r̥</orig><reg>ār</reg></choice>gaśĭra-ṇakṣatra, śiva-yo<milestone unit="face" n="d" break="no"/>ga<supplied reason="subaudible">,</supplied></p>
<p>tatkāla rake <lb n="2"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>vanuA poḥ dyaḥ mala vka saṁ ratu bajra Anak vanuA I parivuta<milestone unit="face" n="b" break="no"/>n· sumusuk· I<milestone unit="face" n="C" break="no"/>kanaṁ va<unclear>nu</unclear>A I kayu Āra hivaṁ, vatak· vatu tihaṁ paṁ<milestone unit="face" n="d" break="no"/>guhan· kaṭi<unclear>knya</unclear>
<lb n="3"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>ta<unclear>tag</unclear>anya, pala gagānya, Ityevammādi sapinasu<milestone unit="face" n="b" break="no"/>knikanaṁ vanuA I <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>kayu Ara hivaṁ sinusuk· rake vanuA poḥ, sīmani pa<milestone unit="face" n="d" break="no"/>rhyaṅan Iṁ parivu<lb break="no" n="4"/><milestone unit="face" break="no" n="A"/>tan· muAṁ gumavaya Ikanaṁ UAt· I parivutan· <milestone unit="face" n="b"/>sakahalānya pa<milestone unit="face" break="no" n="C"/>hayūn·‚ tan deyan· p<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>ə</corr></choice>gat<supplied reason="omitted">ak</supplied>na satak<unclear>a</unclear>, nāhan· bu<milestone unit="face" break="no" n="d"/><unclear>A</unclear><choice><sic>k</sic><corr>t</corr></choice><surplus>nya</surplus>hajyanika
<lb n="5" break="no"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>naṁ Anak· vanuA I <unclear>kayu Ara</unclear> hivaṁ mataṅyan· si<milestone unit="face" n="b" break="no"/>n<unclear>ī</unclear>ma de rake va<milestone unit="face" n="C" break="no"/>nuA poḥ dyaḥ mala, Anuṁ pinusukan· rake vanu<milestone unit="face" n="d" break="no"/>A poḥ rikanaṁ ba
<lb n="6" break="no"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>nuA ri kayu Ara hivaṁ, </p><p>rakryan· I vatu tihaṁ pu saṁ<milestone unit="face" n="b"/>grāmadhurandhara, A<milestone unit="face" n="C" break="no"/>nak· vanuA I gulak· vatak· mamali-deśa <milestone unit="face" n="d" break="no"/>InaṁsəAn· vḍiha<lb break="no" n="7"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>n· gañja<supplied reason="omitted">r·</supplied> haji pātra sisi yu 1 pirak· kāti 1 <milestone unit="face" n="b"/>siṁsiṁ* prasāda <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>voḥ 1 brat· su 1 rakryan· patimpuḥ pu ramya <milestone unit="face" n="d"/>Anak· banuA I
<lb n="8"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>paraṅgaṁ vatak· paraṅgaṁ InasəAn· ken· gañja<unclear>r·</unclear> <milestone unit="face" n="b"/>haji pātra sisi <milestone unit="face" n="C"/> blaḥ 1 pirak· ka 1 mā 2 siṁsiṁ* prāsāda voḥ <milestone unit="face" n="d" break="no"/> 1 brat· mā 8 sa<lb break="no" n="9"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>magat· vadihati pu ḍaṁpit· Anak· banva I paḍa<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>muAn· vatak· <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>vadihati vḍihan· raṅga yu 1 mas· su 1 mā 4 siṁsi<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="d"/>ṁ* <unclear>prāsā</unclear>da voḥ 1
<lb n="10"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>brat· ma 6 tuhān· I<unclear>ṁ</unclear> makudur· saṁ vaṅun· sugiḥ
<milestone unit="face" n="b"/>pu maṇikṣa Ana<supplied reason="omitted">k·</supplied>
<milestone unit="face" n="C"/>banva mantya<unclear>s</unclear>iḥ vatak· makudur· vḍihan· raṅga
<milestone unit="face" n="d"/>yu 1 mas· mā 1
<lb n="11"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>siṁsiṁ prāsāda voḥ 1 brat· mā 6 maṁraṅkappi tuhān·
<milestone unit="face" n="b"/>sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear> hasam pañjaṁ pu
<milestone unit="face" n="C"/>dharmmi Anak· banva I mḍaṁ vatak· makudur· vḍihan·
<milestone unit="face" n="d"/>raṅga yu 1 <supplied reason="omitted">mas·</supplied> mā 1
<lb n="12"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>siṁsiṁ prāsāda voḥ 1 brat· mā 6 sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear> makalam·bi manu<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>suk· saṁ tulumpu<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="C"/>k· pu naru Anak· banuA I pupur· vatak· vadi<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="d"/>hati vḍihan· raṅga
<lb n="13"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>yu 1 mas· mā 12 hop paṅaṅkat· panuṁsuṁ saṁ ma<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>kudur· saṁ ḍalu<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="C"/>k· pu taṅak ramani lucīra kaki muḍiṁ Anak vanva I <milestone unit="face" n="d"/>taji vatak· taji
<lb n="14"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>vḍihan· raṅga yu 1 mas· mā 12 hop· paṅaṅkat· pa<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>nuṁsuṁ tuhānni ka<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="C"/>nayakānya I vatu tihaṁ rake vaskar· tāl· pu su<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="d"/>draka Anak vanva I<unclear>ṁ</unclear> ka<lb break="no" n="15"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>sugihan· vatak· Ugihan· vḍihan· raṅga yu 1 <milestone unit="face" n="b"/>mas· mā 6 maṁra<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="C"/><surplus>maṁra</surplus><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>kappi tuhānni kanayakān· rake pa<unclear>ka</unclear>mviṅan·
<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="d"/>pu paṇḍava Anak· va<lb break="no" n="16"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>nva I lamva<unclear>n</unclear>· vatak varu ranu‚ vḍihan· raṅga yu 1 mas· mā
<milestone unit="face" n="b"/>6 tuhānni la<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied>pu<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="C"/>ran· rake vava hyaṁ lampuran· pu manu Anak vanva I
<milestone unit="face" n="d"/>paṅgumulan· vata<lb break="no" n="17"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>k· manuṅkuli vḍihan· raṅga yu 1 mas· mā 6 paruja<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>r· saṁ Alas galu<unclear>ḥ</unclear> <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>pu vĭryya Anak vanva I kalaṁkyaṁ vatak· pagar vsi
<milestone unit="face" n="d"/>vḍihan· raṅga yu 1
<lb n="18"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>mas· mā 4 mataṇḍa saṁ ḍa sagar· putuAn· Anak va<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>nva I truAyun· <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>vatak· hino vḍihan· <supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied>ṅga yu 1 mas· mā 6
<milestone unit="face" n="d"/>tuhanni ddhāraśa ra<lb break="no" n="19"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>kai simvat· hayu parvvata Anak vanva I sumu mila<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>k· vatak· vka <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>vḍihan· raṅ<unclear>g</unclear>a yu 1 mas· mā 4 tuhanni dva
<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="d"/>ḍmit· sapalara<lb break="no" n="20"/><milestone unit="face" n="A" break="no"/>san· pu deva Anak vanva I poha vatak· vka <milestone unit="face" n="b"/>vḍihan· raṅga yu <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>1 mas· mā 6 tuhanni mataṇḍākan· samga<supplied reason="omitted">t·</supplied> <milestone unit="face" n="d"/>gunuṁ tanayan·
<lb n="21"/><milestone unit="face" n="A"/>pu basu Anak vanva I koluṅan· vatak· vka vḍi<milestone break="no" unit="face" n="b"/>han· raṅga yu <milestone unit="face" n="C"/>1 mas· mā 6 <g type="ddanda">.</g><g type="circle">.</g><g type="ddanda">.</g></p>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<app loc="1">
<lem>Aṅgāra</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">A<gap reason="undefined"/></rdg>
<rdg source="bib:Damais1955_01">Aṅgăra</rdg>
<note>The inclusion of a <foreign>sapta-vāra</foreign> here in place of one of the expected <foreign>graha-cāra</foreign>s is highly unexpected</note>
</app>
<app loc="1">
<lem>m<choice><orig>r̥</orig><reg>ār</reg></choice>gaśĭra</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">mr̥gaśĭra</rdg>
<rdg source="bib:Damais1955_01">mr̥gaśīra</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2"><lem source="bib:Brandes1913_01">mala</lem><rdg source="bib:Damais1955_01">ṣala</rdg></app>
<app loc="2"><lem>paṁguhan·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">ṣaguha<gap reason="undefined"/></rdg></app>
<app loc="2"><lem>kaṭi<unclear>knya</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">kaṭika</rdg></app>
<app loc="3"><lem>ta<unclear>tag</unclear>anya</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">kataganya</rdg></app>
<app loc="3"><lem>pala</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01"><gap reason="undefined"/></rdg></app>
<app loc="4"><lem>UAt·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">nat·</rdg></app>
<app loc="5"><lem>vanuA poḥ mala</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">banuA poḥ mala</rdg></app>
<app loc="6"><lem>dhurandhara</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">śurandhara</rdg></app>
<app loc="7"><lem>banuA</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">vanuA</rdg></app>
<app loc="8"><lem>ken· gañja<unclear>r·</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">kan·gañja</rdg></app>
<app loc="8"><lem>samagat·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">pamagat·</rdg></app>
<app loc="9"><lem>ḍaṁpit</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">ḍaṅpit·</rdg></app>
<app loc="9"><lem>mā 4 siṁsiṁ*</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">mā siṁsiṁ*</rdg></app>
<app loc="10"><lem>tuhān I<unclear>ṁ</unclear> makudur·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">tuhān I makudur·</rdg></app>
<app loc="10"><lem>banva</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">banuA</rdg></app>
<app loc="11"><lem>saṁ hasam pañjaṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">sasāpampañjaṁ</rdg></app>
<app loc="11"><lem>dharmmi</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">barmmi</rdg></app>
<app loc="13"><lem>ḍāluk·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">ḍaluk·</rdg></app>
<app loc="14"><lem>sudraka</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">pudraka</rdg></app>
<app loc="15"><lem>Ugihan·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">dagihan·</rdg></app>
<app loc="15"><lem>pa<unclear>ka</unclear>mviṅan·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">pakambiṅan·</rdg></app>
<app loc="16"><lem>vava</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">vavu</rdg></app>
<app loc="17"><lem>parujar·</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">varujar·</rdg></app>
<app loc="17"><lem>galu<unclear>ḥ</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">galu</rdg></app>
<app loc="17"><lem>kalaṁkyaṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01"><gap reason="undefined"/>laṁkyaṁ</rdg></app>
<app loc="17"><lem>pagar vsi</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">paga vsi</rdg></app>
<app loc="18"><lem>ddhāraśa rakai</lem><rdg source="bib:Brandes1913_01">dvarāgara kai</rdg></app>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>Each line of text runs continuously across all four faces before breaking, from A to b to C to d.
</p><p>The word siṁsiṁ* is frequently spelled with the special <foreign>anusvāra</foreign> at the end, called <foreign>ulu ricem</foreign> in modern Balinese. This seems to be the earliest dated occurrence of the sign; the next one Rumwiga I and it is also found in Sugih Manek from Malang.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Read by Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan and Arlo Griffiths in December 2021 from photos taken by Emmanuel Francis in 2010. Re-read by Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan in March 2023 directly from the stone, assisted by photographs taken by Hedwi Prihatmoko.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="B">
<ptr target="bib:Brandes1913_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">27-28</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">XXII</citedRange>
<note>Brandes' edition was republished and translated into English by H.B.Sarkar.</note>
</bibl>
<bibl n="D">
<ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">41</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">A. 69</citedRange>
<note>Date portion only.</note></bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl>
<ptr target="bib:NBG28_1890"/>
<citedRange unit="page">24</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page">44</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bib:Damais1952_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">44–45</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">A. 69</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl>
<ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">15-20</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">62</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
<!--
<div>
<head>Artefact</head>
<p>Museum Nasional Indonesia collection D. 78. A stone stele inscribed on two large faces (front A and back C) and two small faces (b and d). The slab has a triangular top and sides that taper in slightly towards the bottom. There are lotuses depicted at the tops of faces A and C. Height 89 cm, width at top 42 cm, width at bottom 36 cm, thickness 13 cm (data collected for IDENK database). It has the same shape and similar dimensions to the Kandangan inscription artefact.</p>
</div>
<div>
<head>Provenance</head>
<p>Brought to the attention of the Bataviaasch Genootschap by the Resident of Bagelen. The stone’s origin was stated to be the village of Baratengah in the district of Purworejo (NBG 1890: 22).</p>
</div>
-->
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