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<title>The Maribong Charter of Wisnuwardhana (1170 Śaka)</title>
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<resp>EpiDoc encoding</resp>
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<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<persName ref="part:ekba">
<name>Eko Bastiawan</name>
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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<pubPlace>Malang, Jakarta</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKMaribong</idno>
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<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths.</p>
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<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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<p>Script and spelling typical of the charters of the late Majapahit period. <!--(Damais 1955: 197; Boechari 1985–86: 117. Cf. Tuhañaru, Waringin Pitu. --> Difference is made between <foreign>ḍ</foreign> (1v2 <foreign>Uttarāṣāḍa</foreign>) and <foreign>dh</foreign> (1v4 <foreign>madhu</foreign>).<!-- The script name(s) will be inserted here at a later stage from the metadata spreasheet. At this stage, you can mention here in a free-text paragraph any characteristics of the writing observed more than once in this inscription that seem unusual/uncommon or otherwise noteworthy given the general characteristics of the script in question. See EG 11.2. --></p>
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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no 809994).</p>
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<change who="part:argr" when="2025-02-17" status="draft">further revisions</change>
<change who="part:axja" when="2020-11-03" status="draft">Updating toward the encoding template v03</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-10-30" status="draft">updated the edition and the bibliography</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-04-10" status="draft">updated the line numbering</change>
<change who="part:axja" when="2020-03-27" status="draft">adding the handDesc template</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-02-07" status="draft">Revised the bibliography proposed by Arlo Griffiths</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-01-29" status="draft">applied corrections proposed by Arlo Griffiths</change>
<change who="part:argr" when="2020-01-28" status="draft">third revision</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-01-24" status="draft">applied corrections for the translation proposed by Daniel Balogh</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-01-22" status="draft">applied corrections proposed by Arlo Griffiths and Daniel Balogh, encoded the translation</change>
<change who="part:argr" when="2020-01-21" status="draft">second revision</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-01-21" status="draft">applied corrections proposed by Arlo Griffiths</change>
<change who="part:argr" when="2020-01-20" status="draft">revision of the initial encoding</change>
<change who="part:ekba" when="2020-01-20" status="draft">initial encoding of the inscription</change>
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<div type="edition" xml:lang="kaw-Latn" rendition="class:38769 maturity:83213">
<pb n="1r"/><!--Blank outer page.-->
<p><pb n="1v"/>
<lb n="1v1"/><g type="ddandaOrnate"/> Avighnam astu,<g type="ddandaOrnate"/> svasti śrī śaka-varṣātīta, <num value="1170">1170</num>, Aśuji-māsa, tithi, pañcamī śukla-pakṣa, <abbr>vā</abbr>,
<lb n="1v2"/><abbr>ka</abbr>, <abbr>vr̥</abbr>, vāra, laṅkir·, Uttarāṣāḍa-nakṣatra, viśva-devatā, māhendra-maṇḍala, gaṇḍa-yoga, vairā<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>jya-muhūrtta, baruṇa-parvveśa, valava-karaṇa, mr̥ccika-rāśī,</p>
<p part="I">Irika divasany ājñā <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">śrī sakala-<choice><sic>kha</sic><corr>la</corr></choice>lană<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>-kula-madhu-<choice><sic>mārdda</sic><corr>marda</corr></choice>na-kamalekṣaṇa</foreign>, nāmābhiṣeka śrī jaya viṣṇuvarddhana, saṁ mapañji sminiṅ rāt·,
<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">sva-pi<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>tāmahā-stavanābhinnāśrănta-loka-pālaka</foreign>, kumonakən Irikaṁ vanva I mariboṁ, vatək atagan· jipaṁ,
<lb n="1v6"/>pagavayakna saṁ hyaṅ ājñā haji praśāsti, mataṇḍa śrī-jaya-viṣṇuvarddhana-lāñcana, Umuṅgve salaḥ sikiniṁ tāmra ri</p>
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<lem><choice><sic>mārdda</sic><corr>marda</corr></choice>na-</lem>
<note>Long <foreign>a</foreign> before <foreign>r</foreign> and geminate consonant seems to be a frequent feature in the Majapahit period inscriptions, see for instance <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKWaringinPitu.xml">Waringin Pitu</ref>.</note>
</app> -->
<app loc="1v6">
<lem>ri</lem>
<note>The word broken off here was <foreign>ripta</foreign>. For the full formula, see <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKAirAsih.xml">Air Asih</ref> a3, <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKParablyan.xml">Parablyan</ref> a2, <ref target="Sukhamerta.xml">Sukhamerta</ref> 10b4, <ref target="Canggu.xml">Canggu</ref> 3v5–6.</note>
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<div type="translation" resp="part:argr">
<!--translation encoded as per EG §9.2 -->
<p>Let there be no obstacle! Hail! Fortune! In the elapsed Śaka year 1170, month of Asuji, fifth <foreign>tithi</foreign> of the waxing fortnight, Vās, Kalivon, Thursday, <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>wuku</foreign></supplied> Laṅkir; lunar mansion Uttarāṣāḍha; deity Viśva; <foreign>maṇḍala</foreign> in the East; conjunction Gaṇḍa; <foreign>muhūrta</foreign> Vairājya; regent of the astronomical node Varuṇa; <foreign>karaṇa</foreign> Valava; zodiac sign Scorpio.</p>
<p>That was when the command of the <q>illustrious <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> lotus-eyed destroyer <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mardana</foreign></supplied> of Madhu <supplied reason="explanation">Śrī Kr̥ṣṇa</supplied> for all womenfolk <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>lalanā-kula</foreign></supplied></q>, whose consecration name is Śrī Jaya Viṣṇuvardhana, the one with the byname Sminiṅ Rāt <supplied reason="explanation"><q>Seed of the World</q></supplied>, <q>untiring world protector not different from the eulogy<!-- or read sthāpana, with Wurare st. IX? pitrādi-sthāpanāya ca? but Warunggahan kastavaniṁ candrodaya, Āpan· riṁ rātrī juga Ikān pamaṅun· hr̥dāyanandana, ta(6v2)n kadi kastavān· śrī mahārāja,
--> of his own grandfather</q>,<note>The meaning of this epithet is not quite clear. If the reading <foreign>stavanā-</foreign> is correct, then there is perhaps a parallel to be found in <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKWarunggahan.xml">Warunggahan</ref> 6v1 <foreign>tan kadi kastavān· śrī mahārāja</foreign>. On the other hand, an emendation <foreign>sthāpanā-</foreign> is easily conceivable, and in that case we may have an echo of <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKWurare.xml">Wurare</ref>, st. IX <foreign>pitrādi-sthāpanāya</foreign>.</note> ordered with regard to the village Mariboṅ, belonging to the conscription <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vatək atagan</foreign></supplied> of Jipaṅ,<note>The expression <foreign>vatak atagan</foreign> occurs also in the charters Kancana, Maribong, Tuhanyaru, and Katatwan.</note> that a holy royal decree charter be made for them <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pa-gavay-akna</foreign></supplied> with the emblem of Śrī Jaya Viṣṇuvardhana, to remain on one or the other of <supplied reason="explanation">the possible materials, viz.</supplied> copper, <supplied reason="lost">palm-leaf</supplied></p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>This is the first and only preserved plate of a reissue produced during the late Majapahit period, showing several signs of adaptation to the habits of that time, and ostensibly reproducing a charter from the reign of Wisnuwardhana. One indication that the text of the original issue has been manipulated at least to some extent is the form <foreign>pagavayakna</foreign>, which does not occur elsewhere epigraphically except in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKCanggu.xml">Canggu charter</ref> (3v5–6): <foreign>muṅgv i caṅgu, pagavayakna saṅ hyaṅ ājñā haji praśāsti, rājasanagaralāñcaṇa, muṅgve salah sikiniṅ tāmra, riptopala</foreign>. Moreover, the date seems to have been manipulated too, as it is not convertible with certainty. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/></bibl> discussed the problems, the possible solutions, none of which very convincing, and opted hesitantly for 1264-08-28, which implies emending the inscribed year 1170 to 1186. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Eade+Gislen2000_01"/></bibl> showed first that their software situates 1264-08-28 in the month Bhādrapada, not in Aśvajit, and that the other <foreign>pañcāṅga</foreign> elements would also be off if Damais’ proposal were correct. The alternative they propose does not seem much more convincing, because even though they suggest it would be <q>an emendation that involves only one element</q>, in fact it involves two emendations (1171 for the year, <foreign>aṣṭamī</foreign> for the <foreign>tithi</foreign>) and requires accepting different values for <foreign>nakṣatra</foreign>, <foreign>karaṇa</foreign> and <foreign>yoga</foreign> than those stated in the text.</p>
<p>The toponyms Mariboṅ and Jipaṅ also co-occur in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKCanggu.xml">Canggu</ref> charter (5v1): <foreign>I maR̥bo, I turan, I jipaṁ</foreign>.</p>
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<p>First edited, apparently by Bosch, in <bibl><ptr target="bib:OV1918"/></bibl>; re-edited by Damais (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/></bibl>); edited again by Boechari (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Boechari1985-1986_01"/></bibl>); re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths from <ref target="http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:1915155">a photo of the rubbing kept in Leiden</ref>.</p>
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<bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1952_01"/><citedRange unit="page">72-73</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">A.171</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:NurhadiMagetsari+al1979_01"/><citedRange>161</citedRange></bibl>
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