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<title>Foundation of a Dam Called Śilāmaṇi-kuṇḍala (1272 Śaka)</title>
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<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<name>Marine Schoettel</name>
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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKSilamanikundala</idno>
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<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send
a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths.</p>
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<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
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<div type="edition" xml:lang="kaw-Latn" rendition="class:38769 maturity:83213">
<p><lb n="1"/><g type="ddandaOrnate"/> svast<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied> śaka-va<supplied reason="lost">r</supplied>ṣăt<supplied reason="lost">ĭ</supplied>ta,
<num value="1272">1272</num>, mă<supplied reason="lost">r</supplied>gaś<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>ra-māsa, tithi pañcadaś<unclear>i</unclear>, śukla-pakṣ<unclear>ā</unclear>,
<lb n="2"/><abbr>ma</abbr>, <abbr>va</abbr>, <abbr>Ă<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></abbr>, vāra, pahaṁ,</p>
<p>Irikā divaśanika sampu<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied><unclear>ṇna</unclear>nikana<unclear>ṁ</unclear> ravuhan· śilăma<unclear>ṇ</unclear>i<lb
n="3" break="no"/>-<unclear>ku</unclear>ṇḍala de rakryan· dəmuṁ,
saṁ matiṁbun· raṅgaḥ
<choice><sic>supva</sic><corr>sapu</corr></choice>, makamaṅgal<unclear>ā</unclear> ra kakiṅ amūrvva<lb
n="4" break="no"/>bumi, maparivāra raṅgah avar-avar·, <unclear>muva</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> saṅ apañji pupon·
</p>
<p>ma<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><unclear>ka</unclear>na saṅ<unclear>ā</unclear>jñā
<lb n="5"/>păduka ba<unclear>ṭāre</unclear> matahun· śrĭ baṭāra vijayarājasănantavikramottuṅga<lb
n="6" break="no"/>deva, <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">jagadḍitahetu</foreign>, magavaya sukani para sāmya sakahavat· luraḥ
<lb n="7"/>vetan i daha,
ma<surplus>ma</surplus>ṅka<unclear>n</unclear>ābilāsa pāduka baṭāre
matahun a<unclear>ma</unclear><lb
n="8" break="no"/>ṅun kĭ<unclear>r</unclear>ttyanurāgātmaka kas<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>kaniṁ rāt·, raṅga sapu karo viku pakṣa sampŭrṇna<lb
n="9" break="no"/>ni ravuhan· <g type="ddanda"/> <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">sidḍir astu <g type="ddanda"/></foreign></p>
<p><unclear>A</unclear>mānuṣa kadarśanĭyanikanaṁ yaśa ra<lb
n="10" break="no"/>vuhan atǐtadurgga mahaL̥p·, tlas maparipŭrṇna de rasika raṅ<supplied reason="omitted">g</supplied>a sapu tu<lb
n="11" break="no"/>hu vidagḍa tiṅkahiṅ ula<unclear>ḥ</unclear>, ndatan· sah aṅaran· pupon rasika pa<lb
n="12" break="no"/>ñji pinuji-puji să<choice><sic>v</sic><corr>dh</corr></choice>u śakti guṇavăn· vnaṁ gumavaya, I saṁ prabu tama<lb
n="13" break="no"/>n· paL̥-paL̥h inutusnira narapati <g type="ddanda"/></p>
<p>yaśātiśaya śobitāhaL̥<lb
n="14" break="no"/>p a<choice><sic>susaṁ</sic><corr>suṁ pa</corr></choice>ramasukanikaṁ janāsiṅ umulat·,
<seg rend="check">si<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied> ra<unclear>kv</unclear>a tika<unclear>ṁ</unclear><!-- no cecak visible on orthophoto--> rakṣa</seg> ni<lb
n="15" break="no"/>tya pamul<unclear>i</unclear>ḥ<!-- really no trace visible of ulu-->
kali maravuhan <seg rend="check">ardḍaparṇna</seg> mapagəḥ <g type="ddanda"/></p>
<p><seg rend="check">mavāṣ rakṣa<lb
n="16" break="no"/>ti</seg> śevadharmma ri <add place="below" rend="mark">nară</add>ḍipa <seg rend="check">haṅu-haṁṅun <unclear>d</unclear>e</seg> panon· saṅ <choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>hulun·
<lb n="17"/>ndatan <unclear>p</unclear>avkasan·, huvus makaṅaran· <seg rend="check">kəta</seg><!-- actually I see rata or rəta here --> śilămaṇi-kuṇḍala pra<lb
n="18" break="no"/>kăśita</p>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<listApp>
<!--<app loc="1">
<lem>pañcadaś<unclear>i</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">paṇcadaśi</rdg>
</app>-->
<!--<app loc="1">
<lem>śuklapakṣā</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">śuklapakṣa</rdg>
</app>-->
<app loc="2">
<lem><abbr>Ă</abbr></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">Ā</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2">
<lem>pahaṁ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">pahāṁ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2">
<lem>divaśanika sampu<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied><unclear>ṇna</unclear>nikana<unclear>ṁ</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">divaśa <unclear>ni</unclear> kasampurnnanikanaṅ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2">
<lem>śilăma<unclear>ṇ</unclear>i<lb n="3" break="no"/>-<unclear>ku</unclear>ṇḍala</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">śilamat i kuśmala</rdg>
<note>Here and in line 17, the correct reading is quite clearly with <foreign>ṇ</foreign> and <foreign>ṇḍ</foreign> instead of <foreign>t</foreign> and <foreign>śm</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>matiṁbun·</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">martabun·</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>raṅgaḥ <choice><sic>supva</sic><corr>sapu</corr></choice></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">raṅga sapu</rdg>
<note>The correction to <foreign>sapu</foreign> seems to be imposed by the reoccurrence of the same person in lines 8 and 10. Whether the spelling of the first element as <foreign>raṅgaḥ</foreign> or <foreign>raṅga</foreign> is preferable is to determine.</note>
</app>
<!-- <app loc="3">
<lem>makamaṅgalā</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">makamaṅgala</rdg>
</app>-->
<app loc="3">
<lem>ra kakiṅ amūrvva<lb n="4" break="no"/>bumi</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">rakaki ṅamurvva bumi</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem><unclear>muva</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01"><choice><unclear>ju</unclear><unclear>mu</unclear></choice><gap reason="undefined" quantity="1" unit="character"/></rdg>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem>saṅ<unclear>ā</unclear>jñā</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">saṅ ājña</rdg>
<note>Whatever the precise spelling, the word intended here is <bibl><ptr target="bib:Zoetmulder1982_01"/><citedRange unit="page">1677</citedRange></bibl> <foreign>sañjñā</foreign> (<foreign>saṅjñā</foreign>, <foreign>sajñā</foreign>, <foreign>saṅajñā</foreign>) (Skt. <foreign>saṁjñā</foreign>) <q>name, appellation, title</q>.</note>
</app>
<!--<app loc="5">
<lem>păduka ba<unclear>ṭāre</unclear> matahun śrĭ baṭăra vijayarājasănantavikramottuṅga<lb n="6" break="no"/>deva</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">pāduka bāṭare matahun śri bāṭara vijayarājasānantavikramottuṅgadeva</rdg>
</app>-->
<app loc="7">
<lem>ma<surplus>ma</surplus>ṅka<unclear>n</unclear>ābilāsa</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01"><choice><sic>ma</sic><corr>sa</corr></choice>maṅkana bilāsa</rdg>
</app>
<!--<app loc="7">
<lem>pāduka baṭāre mātahun</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">pādukā baṭare matahun</rdg>
</app>-->
<app loc="8">
<lem>kas<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>kaniṁ rāt·</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">kas<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>kanirāt·</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="8">
<lem>sampŭrṇna</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">sampurnna</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="9">
<lem source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01"><unclear>A</unclear>mānuṣa kadarśanĭyanikanaṁ</lem>
<note>The <foreign>A</foreign> is objectively very unclear, but there is little doubt that it must be read because of the meaning expected in the context and the existence of a literary parallel, in <title>kakavin Kr̥ṣṇāyana</title> 27.2a <foreign>amānuṣa kadarśaniyanira karaṇanikaṅ umulat paḍāṅucap</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<!-- <app loc="10">
<lem>atītadurggamahaL̥p·</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">atita durgga mahaləp·</rdg>
</app>-->
<app loc="10">
<lem>maparipŭrṇna</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">maparipurnna</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="11">
<lem>sah aṅaran</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">sah aṅāran</rdg>
<note>It is not clear why van Stein Callenfels felt the need to emend to <foreign>aṅāran</foreign> (following Poerbatjaraka), while he correctly read <hi rend="italic">sa haṅaran</hi>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="12">
<lem>să<choice><sic>v</sic><corr>dh</corr></choice>u</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">sadhu</rdg>
<note>We do not find here the <foreign>dh</foreign> shape that is clearly engraved in line 16 (<foreign>śevadharmma</foreign>).</note>
</app>
<app loc="14">
<lem source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">a<choice><sic>susaṁ</sic><corr>suṁ pa</corr></choice>ramasukanikaṁ</lem>
<!--<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">asuṅ paramasukanikaṅ</rdg>-->
<note>This passage is difficult. I accept the emendation that van Stein Callenfels also made following following a suggestion from Poerbatjaraka.<!--
The reconstruction does not convince us. Other possibilities would be
to emend <foreign>asusaṅgrāma</foreign> (see OJED 1665), <foreign>asusaṅkrama</foreign> or <foreign>asusambrahma</foreign> (OJED 1636.5).--></note>
</app>
<app loc="14">
<lem source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01"><choice><sic>si<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied> ra<unclear>kv</unclear>a</sic><corr>sira rakva</corr></choice></lem>
<note>I concur with the correction proposed by van Stein Callenfels.</note>
</app>
<app loc="15">
<lem>ardḍaparṇna</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">ardḍapaL̥</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="15">
<lem>mavāṣ rakṣa<lb n="16" break="no"/>ti<!--mav<unclear>i</unclear>prakṣa<lb n="16" break="no"/>ti--></lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">mavipraksati</rdg>
<!--<note>The word <foreign>maviprakṣati</foreign> seems to be a hapax. In the OJED corpus, we find the reading <foreign>kaviprakṣati</foreign>, which seems to be an emendation of Zoetmulder.</note>-->
</app>
<app loc="16">
<lem><add place="below" rend="mark">nară</add>ḍipa</lem>
<note>The interlinear insertion is marked by a <foreign>kākapāda</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="16">
<lem>haṅu-haṁṅun <unclear>d</unclear>e</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">haṅuhaṅune</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="16">
<lem source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">saṅ <choice><sic>uhulun</sic><corr>ahulun</corr></choice></lem>
<note>Or emend <foreign>saṅhulun</foreign>?</note>
</app>
<app loc="17">
<lem>makaṅaran</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">makaṅāran</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="17">
<lem>śilămaṇi-kuṇḍala</lem>
<rdg source="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01">śilamat i kuśmala</rdg>
</app>
</listApp>
</div>
<div type="translation" resp="part:argr">
<p n="1-2">Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 1272, month of Mārgaśira, fifteenth <foreign>tithi</foreign> of the waxing fortnight, Mavulu (of the 6-day cycle), Vagai (of the 5-day cycle), Tuesday, <supplied reason="subaudible">the <foreign>vuku</foreign> being</supplied> Pahaṅ <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., 14 December 1350 CE</supplied>.<note>The text states Mārgaśira but the HIC diagram shows Pauṣa. This is due to intercalation, as explained by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Eade+Gislen2000_01"/></bibl>.</note></p>
<p n="2-4">That was the time of the completion of the dam <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> Śilāmaṇikuṇḍala <supplied reason="explanation"><q>ear-pendant with stones for jewels</q></supplied> by the Lord of Dəmuṅ, <foreign>saṅ</foreign> Matiṅbun, Raṅgah Sapu, with the blessing of <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>makamaṅgala</foreign></supplied> the old man of Amūrvabhūmi,<note>The title Amūrvabhūmi is almost exclusively associated with Ken Angrok, based on the <title>Pararaton</title>. It never seems to be applied to any other monarch. However, it is hard to believe that Angrok's grandchildren could still be alive in 1350 CE, so it seems that <foreign>kaki</foreign> is used in the more general sense of <q>venerable, elder</q>.</note> having as attendants the Raṅgah Avar-avar and the one with the byname Pupon.<note>Or is it possible that Pupon was the byname of Raṅgah Avar-Avar, so that Raṅgah Sapu had only one attendant? The fact that the text does not mention Raṅgah Avar-Avar again which it does mention Raṅgah Sapu and Pupon again in lines 10–11 may suggest this.</note></p>
<p n="4-9">Such was the designation of His Majesty the Lord of Matahun, Śrī Bhaṭāra Vijayarājasānantavikramottuṅgadeva, the cause of welfare of the world, <supplied reason="explanation">namely</supplied> that he would bring about the happiness of the <foreign>sāmya</foreign> coming under the territory of the chiefs to the east of Daha. Such was the desire of His Majesty the Lord of Matahun, whose nature is to have affection for <supplied reason="subaudible">the Godess</supplied> Fame, who causes the happiness of the world, <q><supplied reason="subaudible">namely that</supplied> Raṅgah Sapu with the priests should be bent on the completion of the dam. May it be accomplished!</q></p>
<p n="9-13">Superhuman was the beauty of this pious work <supplied reason="subaudible">in the form of</supplied> a dam of an extremely rare fittingness. It had been perfected thanks to said Raṅgah Sapu. Truly skilful was his manner of acting. But no less <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ndatan sah</foreign></supplied> was the aforementioned one named Pupon as byname, praised as good, strong, virtuous and able to act on behalf of the king, unfailing when tasked by the king.</p>
<p n="13-15">The work was supremely splendid and fitting, yielding the highest pleasure of whichever person saw it, <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>sirakṣati karakṣa</foreign></supplied> a permanent means of restoring the dammed river Ardhaparṇa to its constancy.</p>
<p n="15-18">Clearly they observe <supplied reason="explanation">? <foreign>rakṣati</foreign></supplied> the duty of service to the ruler.
<!--Announcing his duty of paying homage to the ruler,-->
The condition of his Majesty's <supplied reason="explanation">or: my, <foreign>saṅhulun</foreign></supplied> eyes is eager without end.
It was widely known by the name Śilamamaṇi-kuṇḍala.</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>Damais (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/><citedRange unit="page">83</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">1</citedRange></bibl>), commented: <q>On notera
l'orthographe très javanisée de ce document.</q> One aspect of such javanised spelling is the absence of distinction between <foreign>ḍ</foreign> and <foreign>ḍh</foreign> in <foreign>pasangan</foreign> position, all cases here transliterated as <foreign>ḍ</foreign> (e.g., <foreign>sidḍir</foreign>). The text is, moreover, carelessly engraved with a number of evident errors that require correction and a surprising inconsistency of shapes of certain <foreign>akṣara</foreign>s, e.g., that of <foreign>ṇ</foreign> in <foreign>guṇavan</foreign> l. 12 compared to <foreign>sampurṇna</foreign> in l. 8. There is also a recurrent problem of interpretation, whether a given <foreign>akṣara</foreign> comprises a <foreign>tarung</foreign> or whether the vertical stroke in question forms part of the consonant sign itself.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>First edited by van Stein Callenfels (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01"/></bibl>), with translation into Dutch. The Indonesian translation by M. Yamin (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:MuhammadYamin1962_02"/></bibl>) was based on the Dutch scholar's edition. This new digital edition by Arlo Griffiths from an estampage and an orthophoto.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="SC"><ptr target="bib:SteinCallenfels1919_01"/></bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Knebel1910_04"/><citedRange>243</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">35</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:ROD1915_01"/><citedRange>281</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">1911</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:OV1916"/><citedRange unit="page">47</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:NBG55_1917"/><citedRange unit="page">4, 56-57</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1952_01"/><citedRange>76-77</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">A.186</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/><citedRange>82-83</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">A.186</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:MuhammadYamin1962_02"/><citedRange unit="page">73-75</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">XII</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Nakada1982_01"/><citedRange unit="page">120-121</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">I-217</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:MachiSuhadi+RichadianaKartakusuma1996_01"/><citedRange unit="page">38-39, 57</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Eade+Gislen2000_01"/><citedRange unit="page">106-107</citedRange></bibl>
</listBibl>
<!--See also the commentary by Jan Wisseman Christie (2007: 248) who connects this charter with a Śaiva water temple, juxtaposing it with more ancient decrees benefiting similar establishments in the mountains of east Java (Kawi, Welirang, Bromo)-->
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>