Kiringan (917-11-14) EpiDoc Encoding Tyassanti Kusumo Dewanti Arlo Griffiths intellectual authorship of edition Tyassanti Kusumo Dewanti Arlo Griffiths DHARMA Paris DHARMA_INS10Kiringan

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 Initial encoding of the inscription

// svasti śaka-varṣatĭta 839 kărtika-māsa tithi dvādaśi kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa, tu, U, śu ... pu sāhitya Anak banuA I vuga vatək· pəAr·, Umanugrahai Ikanaṁ vanuA I kiriṅan· ... maṅkai mas· mā 4 muAṁ tan· pārika muAṁ tan· knā Iṁ hopan· bvat thaji, Avur· prakāra ... eccentric ductus. lunaṇye I saṁ mavanuA lāvan· piliḥ mas·nya, muAṁ tan· katamāna tkap·niṁ maṅilala drabya haji... Āpan· Umaḥ saṁ hadyan· vahuta hyaṁ Ikanaṁ vanuA I kiriṅan·, maṅasəAkan· ... Anak· ba- nuA I taṅgalan· vatak· dalinan·, Araṅkəpi saṁ rāghu Anak banuA I joho ... vadvā rarai saṁ L̥kuk· Anak banuA I kavuṅ-kavuṁ vatək· vatu humalaṁ, juru kalula ... taṅkil·, Ataṇḍa saṁ boṇḍoṁ Anak banuA I vulakan· vatək· taṅkilan·, A...Anak banuA I bāku- l· vatək· lampyar·, maṁraṅkəpi saṁ maṅuṇḍuḥ Anak banuA I bākul· vatək· lampyar· ... eccentric_ductus n· vatək· vatu humalaṁ, citralekha saṁ taṇjuṅan· Anak banuA I lāḍahu vatək·... Anak banva I paṇḍamuAn· vatək· vadihati, InaṁsəAn· pasək·-pasək· mas· ...maṁraṅkə- pi saṁ lbur poḥ Anak banuA I siṇaguha vatək· siṇaguha, InaṁsəAn· pasək·-pasək…. toman·, vahuta kasipakə: si burayut· vinaiḥ pasək·-pasək· mas· mā 2 sovaṁ ... səṁ, vinkas· si rakata, parujar si vudəl·, samaṅkana kvaiḥ rāmanta I kiriṅan· Anuṁ ma... saṁ mavanuA lavan· piliḥ mas·nya, muAṁ tan· katamāna tkap·niṁ maṅilala drabya haji… Umaḥ saṁ hadyan· vahuta hyaṁ Ikanaṁ vanuA I kiriṅan· maṅasəAkan· ya ...... {vanuA) I taṅgalan· vatək· dalinan·, Araṅkəpi saṁ rāghu Anak banuA I joho… vadvā rarai saṁ L̥kuk· Anak banuA I kavuṁ-kavuṁ vatək· vatu humalaṁ, juru kalula…

kărtika-māsa Boe, kărtika masa BJ EW. I kiriṅan· I kiri[.....] BJ Boe EW. This restitution is taken from the toponym Kiriṅan that occurs through the text. maṅkai mas· mā 4 EW, maṅtai mas· mā 4 BJ, maṅkai mas· mā 5 Boe. tan· pārika muAṁ tan· knā BJ, tan pāri kamuAtan· knā Boe, muAṁ tan pārikamuantan knā EW. An anusvāra is clearly visible on top of muA and so we have to divide the words differently than Boechari envisioned. Note 11 EW (Edhie Wurjantoro 2018: 488): Kata tanpārikamuantan seharusnya tan pārikṣa muaṅ tan. bvat thaji bvat haji BJ, bvattaji Boe EW. Avur· Avur BJ, suvur Boe EW. Despite the indistict shape of the first akṣara, the word Avur is probably intended. Cf. Tihang 1v3: avur· dha 7. prakāra BJ EW, prakara Boe. Corr. prakāra. lunaṇye lunanaṇya BJ lunadaya Boe, lunadaṇya EW. Our tentative reading, however, still cannot yield the proper intention and meaning of this word, or even make a suitable separation. What usually comes before mavanua, as seen in Kaduluran (1r7): ikanaṅ Anak vanua mavaih pasək-pasək i rakryā mavanua mās su 1 and Rumwiga I (1r9): vyāyaniṅ maṅaṇḍəḥ ri saṁ pamgat· mavanuA mas· su 10, is something related to tax or other kind of payment. In this case, neither any term ending with-ṇya or -ṇye is found, hence our reading is only based on how the akṣara look like. The third grapheme is engraved way smaller than other graphemes in this line, which might correspond to a vowel rather than a single independent akṣara. piliḥ Boe EW, pilina BJ. I saṁ mavanuA Boe, Iṁ saṁ mavanuA BJ, EW. tkap·niṁ maṅilala drabya haji tkap·[...] BJ Boe EW. This restitution is based on the reading of 1v2. saṁ hadyan· BJ EW, saṁ handyan Boe. ...Anak· banuA I taṅgalan· [....]nuA I taṅgalan· BJ Boe EW. juru kalula juru kalu[...] BJ Boe EW. This function is attested in Tulang Er (1v3) juruniṁ kalula saṁ nāgara, Sugih Manek (B4) [juruniṁ ka]lula saṁ ra banir, and Sangguran (B4) juru kalula pu vali. A... Boe EW, Aba[...] BJ. Anak banuA I bākul· [...]l· BJ Boe EW. In view of the fact that 1r9 has Anak banuA I (b)ākul vatək lampyar, we favor that parallel to restore the missing part at the end of 1r8. Moreover, it seems fit with the l· standing at the beginning of 1r9. The previous editions do not restore anything. saṁ boṇḍoṁ Boe EW, saṁ boṇḍaṁ BJ bākul Boe EW, rokul BJ. taṇjuṅan BJ, tanjuṅan Boe, tañjuṅan EW. lāḍahu EW, eḍhahu BJ, lādahu Boe. maṁraṅkəpi saṁ lbur poḥ Having the occurrences of Araṅkəpi (1r6) and maṁraṅkəpi (1r9) followed by a name, here we suggest the reading must be one of it. pasək·-pasək…. pasək·-pa[....] BJ Boe EW. toman· Boe, tomam· BJ EW. mas· mā 2 BJ, mas· mā 4 Boe EW.

(1r1) Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 839, month of Kārttika, the twelfth tithi of the waning fortnight, Tuṅlai, Umanis, Friday….

(1r2) pu Sāhitya, native of Vuga, district of Pəar, gave a grant to the village of Kiriṅan…

(1r3) As follows: 4 māṣa of gold, and there shall be no arik, and [the village] will not be impacted by the hopan [of the] royal corvée, varieties of avur…

(1r4) …. of saṅ mavanua together with its pilih gold, and shall not be affected by...

(1r5) Because the village of Kiriṅan is the house of the honorable vahuta hyaṅ. Offered…

(1r6) the village of Taṅgalan, district of Dalinan, accompanied by saṅ Raghu, native of Joho,...

(1r7) the young troops (called) saṅ Ləkuk, native of Kavuṅ-kavuṅ, district of Vatu Humalaṅ, the overseer of Servants …

(1r8) the Taṅkil, the ataṇḍa (called) saṅ Boṇḍoṅ, native of Vulakan, district of Taṅkilan, ...

(1r9) district of Lampyar, accompanied by saṅ Maṅuṇḍuh, native of Bākul, district of Lampyar…

(1r10) district of Vatu Humalaṅ, the scribe (called) saṅ Tañjuṅan, native of Lāḍahu, district of…

(1r11) native of Paṇḍamuan, district of Vadihati, were/was presented as gifts: … of gold ...

(1r12) (accompanied by) saṅ Lbur Poh, native of Siṇaguha, district of Siṇaguha, were presented as gifts: ....

(1r13) … the vahuta of Kasipakə̄, si Burayut, were each given as gifts: 2 māṣa of gold…

(1r14) … the vinkas (called) si Rakata, the herald (called) si Vudəl. Such is the number of the headmen at Kiriṅan who…

1r2. pu Sāhitya as the protagonist of this charter might be the same figure named daṅ atu pu sāhitya, who receives a grant from King Sindok in Turyan (A3). If so, then he seems to be no longer a native of village Vuga but Kulavara in Sindok period.

1r2. Here the village Vuga apparently belongs to a different district (vatak) from the village Vuga that figures elsewhere in this corpus. Cf. Tulang Er (1v5): Anak vanuA I vuga vatik tilimpik. But, it might be the same as the village Vuga in Lintakan (2r2) which is also under the district of Pəar. Another village being attested under the district Pəar is hinpu. Cf. Mulak I (1r4), Kwak I (1r10), Kwak II (1r3). In the first inscription, the reading is himpu.

1r3. The expression tan pārika is the denasalized equivalent for mārika, i.e. ma-arik-a. See OJED under arik. Arik itself stands as a certain tax or levy, hence here the meaning can be interpreted as “shall not be levied the arik” or “shall be no arik̛”. Arik as a kind of tax is also attested in Barahasrama (1v3): pirak kā 1 Iṅ satahun-satahun, hop (A)vur skar tahun pjah lek‚ Arik-arik prakāra.

1r4 mavanua occurs several times in the Kayuwangi and Balitung corpora. Cf. Wangkud (line 7–8) saṁ [pa](mga)t· mavanuA Irika {3 akṣ.} manukū Anak vanuA I {2 akṣ.}, Mulak I (2r3–4) paṁṅuraṁ rakryan· mavanuA saṁ kasumura_n· pu maṁlīna, vḍihan· raṅga yu 1, Salingsingan (1v6) ṅunivaiḥ rakryan mavanuA tan tamā ri ataggan saṁ paṅaruhan, Kaduluran (807 S, 1r6–7) umaṅsəAkan ikanaṁ Anak vanua mavaih pasək-pasək i rakryā mavanua mās su 1, Luitan (1v8) samgat· mavanuA pu kuśala Anak banuA I kataṅgaran· vatak· kataṅgaran·, Rumwiga I (1r9) vyāyaniṁ maṅaṇḍəḥ ri saṁ pamgat· mavanuA mas· su 10 pasak·-pasak·, Mantyasih I (1r12) rakryān· mavanuA dyaḥ taL̥s· vinaiḥ mas· su 5 vḍihan· raṅga yu 1, (2r23) paṅgāṅan· riṁ pasukkan· I rakryān· mavanva pirak· kā 1. Note that all of those occurrences have rakryan or samgat before mavanua, and both combinations probably expressed the same meaning. Some scholars have made attempts to understand the combined expressions. Zoetmulder in OJED records mavanua as “head of vanva (apanage-holder?)”, while Barrett Jones (1984: 70) interprets this figure as “someone who seems to be in charge of a village and generally his title is not specified further”. In her unpublished register (2004), Wisseman Christie understands samgat mavanua occuring in Luitan (1v8) as “the samgat who had rights over the community (mavanua)”. It is tempting to follow this general line of interpretation, though at the moment we still lack strong evidence to make a final decision.

1r5. The term vahuta hyaṅ is not recognized in OJED. However, it is a fixed term designating some kind of priest. It might be the same as vahuta hyaṅ kudur (OJED under the entry kudur), that Zoetmulder glosses as “an officiant is meant who acts in establishing a sīma, thereby invoking the gods and uttering a curse on trespassers.”

1r6 Dalinan as a toponym figures in Tulang Air II (A12)Rumwiga II (2r5); Poh (1v18) village vvatan, (2r1) village ugihan; Rukam (1v15) village vuatan, (1v17) village ugihan; Dalinan (4r4); and Lintakan (3r8) village vəṅkal. Apart from being a toponym, this word also serves as a certain function.

The sigla Br and Na refer to Brandes’ and Nakada’s editions, respectively. In view of the fact that the fifth section was read by Kern and Nakada, both of them yielding rather different readings, for this part I use the siglum K, which stands for Kern.