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<title>Palebuhan</title>
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<resp>EpiDoc encoding</resp>
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<name>Eko Bastiawan</name>
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<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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<forename>Willem Frederik</forename>
<surname>Stutterheim</surname>
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<persName ref="part:argr">
<forename>Arlo</forename>
<surname>Griffiths</surname>
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<authority>DHARMA</authority>
<pubPlace>Malang</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKPalebuhan</idno>
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<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Eko Bastiawan & Arlo Griffiths</p>
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<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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<p><!-- The script name(s) will be inserted here at a later stage from the metadata spreasheet. At this stage, you can mention here in a free-text paragraph any characteristics of the writing observed more than once in this inscription that seem unusual/uncommon or otherwise noteworthy given the general characteristics of the script in question. See EG 11.2. --></p>
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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no 809994).</p>
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<change who="part:argr" when="2020-09-16" status="draft">first round of revisions</change>
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<div type="edition" xml:lang="kaw-Latn" rendition="class:38769 maturity:83213">
<p><pb n="1r"/>
<lb n="1r1"/><g type="ddandaPlain"/> <g type="circleSmall"/> <g type="ddandaPlain"/> svasti śaka-varṣātīta <num value="849">849</num> beśākha-māsa tithi pratipāda śukla-pakṣa <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r2" break="no"/>vāra bhariṇi-nakṣatra yoga devatā,</p> <p>tatkāla śrī mahārāja pu văgīśvara saṁ la<unclear>ra</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!-- saṁ lumaḥ? cf. Wangwang Bangen, and Stutterheim's commentary --><lb n="1r3" break="no"/><unclear>r</unclear> tumurun anugrahanira I rakryān· mapatiḥ tinaḍaḥ <abbr>samgat·</abbr> Amrāti sam<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r4" break="no"/>Aṁ tiruAn· vadihati makudur· Umagəḥhakan· Ikaṁ śīma I paL̥buhan· tan· kna ri <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r5" break="no"/>ra tan· katamāna de pakriṁ paḍam· tuha, dagaṁ vatək· I jro, mamr̥ṣi piniṅle, kataṅgaran· <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">mapada</supplied><lb n="1r6" break="no"/>hi maṅiduṁ valyan· Uṇḍahagi paṇḍay· mās paṇḍay· vsi saprakārani drabya haji ki<supplied reason="lost">lalān</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r7"/>saṁ hyaṁ L̥buḥ Ataḥ pramāṇa Iriya, kunaṁ sakveḥniṁ dr̥bya haji kilalān· <unclear>k</unclear><supplied reason="lost">liṅ ā</supplied><lb n="1r8" break="no"/><unclear>ryya</unclear> siṅhala paṇḍikira mamvaṁ ramman· huñjamān· kutak· banyāga bantal· tan· <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r9" break="no"/>molaha I saṁ hyaṁ I paL̥buhan· maparā māvara<!-- see HBS's note on the words maparā māvara --> Ikanaṁ</p> <p>kunaṁ sukha-duḥkhanya <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r10"/>riṁ śīma vaḥ tan· pamayaṁ<!-- mayaṁ tan pavvaḥ! --> vipatti prakāra saṁ hyaṁ L̥buḥ Ataḥ pramāṇā rikā<!-- Irikā? --> kabaiḥ <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1r11"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>dval· salvirniṁ sambyavahāra Anuṁ salaha kaṁ<!-- salahaknaṁ? --> tuhān iṁ <unclear>sa</unclear><supplied reason="lost">śīma</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">kbo</supplied>
<pb n="1v"/>
<lb n="1v1"/><num value="20">20</num> sapi <num value="40">40</num> vḍus· <num value="80">80</num> Aṇḍaḥ tluṁ vantayan· guluṅan· <num value="3">3</num> maṅaraḥ <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><supplied reason="lost">pi</supplied><lb n="1v2" break="no"/>nikul· dvalya, basanādi maśayaṁ makacapuri, kapas· paḍat· L̥ṅa, bras· gula ka<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>sumba, Ityevamādi saprakārani pinikul kānam· bantal ataḍaḥ Iṁ satuhān· ta<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v4"/>paṇḍay· vsi paṇḍay· tamvaga tluṁṅ ububan iṁ saśīma macadar· pat paramva<!-- parahva? --> yan· riṁ tirvan· <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v5"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ṇya <num value="3">3</num> tan patuṇḍana masu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>hara <num value="8">8</num> yan· riy aṅin-aṅin· vadihati makudur· parahva I <unclear>prar</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>ṇḍan su<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>haranya <num value="3">3</num> patiḥ vasaḥ, kuci maL̥buḥ Iṁ srādhan· parahvanya <num value="1">1</num> masu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>hara <num value="3">3</num> tan· patuṇḍanya <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v7" break="no"/>ya tan· katamāna de saṁ maṅilala dr̥bya haji, miśra paramisra kabaiḥ ndān· pānamakmitanna<!-- split pāna[m] makmitanna? ndān is often directly followed by makmitana; pinānam is found in Pu Mamruk --> surat praṣa<supplied reason="lost">sti</supplied>
<lb n="1v8"/>yāpvan· L̥viḥ saṅkerikā pahi Iriya kinnāna sakaL̥viḥnya de saṁ maṅilala soddhā<supplied reason="lost">ra</supplied><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v9" break="no"/>rai kacambul uṇḍahagi,
<!-- cf. EB I, Paguyangan (Badung): tan kna pamli haji ri ma(4)ñumbul mvaṅ riṅ gulma, təhər tan karapana deniṅ akarapa, tan vaduṅana deniṅ uṇḍahagi -->
mañavriṁ maṅlākha, maṅapus· maṅubar· manahab· manuk·, maṁdyūn· ma<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><supplied reason="lost">I</supplied><lb n="1v10" break="no"/>tyevamādi yekā salaha Anūṁ pramāṇā riya saṅ aL̥buḥ maṅkāna Ājñā śrī mahārāja <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="1v11"/>ri garuṁ‚ kaprayātnākna saṁ prabhu makaphalā tan· punaruktā saṁ hyaṁ śīma ri dlāhaniṁ dlāha <g type="ddandaPlain"/> <g type="circleSmall"/> <g type="ddandaPlain"/> <g type="circleSmall"/> <g type="ddandaPlain"/></p>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<!--apparatus encoded as per EG §9.1, basic elements for apparatus below-->
<listApp>
<app loc="1r2">
<lem source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">saṁ la<unclear>ra</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem>
<note>Sarkar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/> <citedRange unit="volume">2</citedRange> <citedRange unit="page">219</citedRange> <citedRange unit="note">17</citedRange></bibl>) proposed to read <foreign>saṁ lumaḥ</foreign>, but his translation itself reveals that this is not persuasive. Perhaps one could supply more, to obtain both here and in 1v10–11 <foreign>saṁ lumaḥ ri garuṁ</foreign>. But note Wangwang Bahen lines 2–3 <foreign>śrī mahārāja vagisvara saṅ lumah ri kayu ramya</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="1r7">
<lem><unclear>k</unclear><supplied reason="lost">liṅ ā</supplied><lb n="1r8" break="no"/><unclear>ryya</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">ve<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown"/><lb n="1r8"/>v-bya</rdg>
<note>Stutterheim's reading, with its unexplained hyphen, does not yield a sense. Since not a single epigraphic context is known where a list of <foreign>kilalān</foreign> contains the item <foreign>paṇḍikira</foreign> without this being separated from the word <foreign>kilalān</foreign> by the precise words <foreign>kliṅ āryya siṅhala</foreign>, I feel convinced that Stutterheim's <foreign>ve</foreign> must have been a misreading for the <foreign>k</foreign> component of the akṣara <foreign>kli</foreign> whose remainder was lost with the severing of a fragment from the plate, while his <foreign>v-bya</foreign> must have been a misreading of <foreign>ryya</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="1v2">
<lem source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">bras· gula ka<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><lb n="1v3"/>sumba</lem>
<note>I suspect that the elipsis in Stutterheim's reading is a mistake, and that the original read <foreign>bras· gula kasumba</foreign> without any lacuna.</note>
</app>
<app loc="1v5">
<lem>masu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>hara</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">masuhara</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="1v6">
<lem>ṇḍan su<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>haranya</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">ṇḍan suharanya</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="1v6">
<lem>masu<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>hara</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">masuhara</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="1v7">
<lem source="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01">surat praṣa<supplied reason="lost">sti</supplied></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">praṣa<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg>
<note>Sarkar's restitution is supported by an occurrences of <foreign>surat praśasti</foreign> in the Kasugihan inscription, line 1v1.</note><!-- encode link to Kasugihan file -->
</app>
<app loc="1v10">
<lem source="bib:Stutterheim1935_02">śrī mahārāja <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><lb n="1v11"/>ri garuṁ</lem>
<note>As suggested above, in my note on 1rv, one could think of restoring <foreign>śrī mahārāja saṁ lumaḥ ri garuṁ</foreign>.</note>
</app>
</listApp>
</div>
<div type="translation" source="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"><!-- please encode this literally as Sarkar's translation, so use @source rather than @resp; follow EGD; I will make my own translation in due course -->
<!--translation encoded as per EG §9.2 -->
<!--taken from that published by H.B. Sarkar.-->
<p n="1r1">Hail ! The śaka year expired, 849, the month of Vaiśākha, first day of the bright half of the month,...</p>
<p n="1r2">day, (while) the lunar mansion Bharaṇī (stood under) the deity (Yama) (during) the conjunction (of Siddha). At that time, the illustrious great king Pu Vagīśvara who was cremated (?)</p>
<p n="1r3">communicated his favour unto the <foreign>rakryān mapatiḥ</foreign> for receipt of the samgat-s of Amrāti, .........</p>
<p n="1r4">...tiruan, vadihati, makudur, confirming that the free-hold at Paləbuhan may not be touched by...</p>
<p n="1r5">......may not be trod upon by pakriṁ, paḍam, tuha dagaṁ, vatək i jro, mamr̥ṣi, piniṅle, kataṅgaran, ...</p>
<p n="1r6">(mapaḍa)hi, maṅiduṁ, valyan, uṇḍahagi, paṇḍay mas, paṇḍay vsi, all sorts of'people who collect royal taxes</p>
<p n="1r7">the deity (of) L̥buḥ is the sole authority over this. More over, all of the ‘collectors of royal taxes’.........</p>
<p n="1r8">.........Ceylonese, Paṇḍikira-people, mambang-s, the people of R̥mən, hunjaman-s, kutak-s, (foreign ?) merchants with pikul-freights may not.........</p>
<p n="1r9"> create troubles for the deity of PaL̥buhan by handling and disturbing this (free-hold), even so its good and bad events</p>
<p n="1r10"> in the free-hold (such as) the fruit without the areca blossom, death and so forth. The deity (of) L̥buḥ is the sole authority over these all.........</p>
<p n="1r11">.........merchandise (and) all sorts of trades which may be allowed to the ‘master’ in (each free-hold).........</p>
<p n="1v1"> 20 (buffaloes), 40 cows, 80 goats, three cages of eggs, 3 transports, what is packed up.........(Even if)</p>
<p n="1v2">their commodities are pikuled, to begin with (those of the dealers of) clothes, dealers of copper-works and those who come within the city-walls to hawk with cotton, paḍat, sesame oil, unbolstered rice, sugar,</p>
<p n="1v3">safflower and so forth, (then), of all the pikuled articles, the sixth bantal comes to each ‘master’ (free of charges)........</p>
<p n="1v4"> iron-smith, copper-smith may have (only) three bellows per free hold ; macadar, 4 paramva-s. If for tirvan.........</p>
<p n="1v5"> .........3 vessels without taking (any other boat) in tow, with 8 su(ṅ)hara-s ; if for angin-angin, vadihati, makudur, then there may be 1 vessel.........</p>
<p n="1v6">(without taking any other boat) in tow, with 3 su(ṅ)hara-s ; the patiḥ-s of Vasaḥ, Kuci (and) MaL̥buḥ may have for śrāddha
(funeral) ceremonies 1 vessel with 3 su(ṅ)hara-s without taking (any other boat) in tow.........</p>
<p n="1v7">these may not be interfered with by the ‘collectors of royal taxes',
all miśra-s (and) paramiśra-s; on the other hand, people should take care of the edict.........</p>
<p n="1v8"> If there is more than this defined limit, (then) from this, each surplus may be touched by the ‘collectors of royal taxes.........'</p>
<p n="1v9">.........black paints, wood-work, purple-red paints, lac, spinning (?), red paints (?), the ensnaring of birds, the making of pots</p>
<p n="1v10">and so forth. If any body violates these (regulations), saṁ AL̥buḥ shall have (a voice of) authority over them. Such is
the command of the illustrious great king......</p>
<p n="1v11">of Garung. May kings take care (of this edict), the consequences (hereof) being that the sacred free-hold may not again
become the subject of discussion in the remotest future !</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<!--commentary encoded as per section §9.3 -->
<p n="1r2-3">Cf. the <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKGarung.xml">Garung</ref> inscription, line 2: <foreign>tatkāla rakarayān i garuṁ tumurun ājñānira</foreign>.</p>
<p n="1v11">Cf. the <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKGuntur.xml">Guntur</ref> inscription, lines 1v4–5: <foreign>sugyan ta<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">m</unclear>ān paṅujara ya muvaḥ dlāhaniṁ dlāha ya donikeṁ jayapātra</foreign>./</p>
<p/>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<!--bibliography encoded as per section §9.4 -->
<p>First edited, with translation into Dutch, by Stutterheim (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Stutterheim1935_02"/></bibl>), on the basis of a rubbing. Reproduction of Stutterheim’s edition, to which is added a translation into English, by H.B. Sarkar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/></bibl>); re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths on the sole basis of Stutterheim's edition, because the original plate and the rubbing seem to have been lost.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="WFS">
<ptr target="bib:Stutterheim1935_02"/>
<citedRange unit="page">433-435</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">1</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl n="HBS">
<ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/>
<citedRange unit="volume">2</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page">215-220</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">93</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1970_01"/><citedRange unit="page">53</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">160</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Nakada1982_01"/><citedRange unit="page">100-101</citedRange><citedRange unit="part">1</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">118</citedRange></bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
<!-- Si tu as l’énergie qu’il faut, je voudrais que tu relises les pages 422-432 de Stutterheim. Brillant comme à sa coutume (savourer surtout la phrase « Zie ik geen overwegende bezwaren … », qui commence à la p. 425!), mais également beaucoup trop réticent à reconnaître la possibilité que plusieurs centres de pouvoir peuvent avoir coexisté à Java en même temps. Je ne crois rien de son idée que ce pauvre roitelet Vāgīśvara était le jeune Sindok. Cela n’aide pas qu’il retient encore la date 849 pour Guntur, que Goris avait déjà corrigé en 829 dans OV 1928. Mais la comparaison avec KO XVIII (MNI E. 1-I, photo jointe), et son drôle de śrī mahārāja vāgīśvara saṅ lumaḥ ri kayu ramya, est fascinante. (Malgré tout ce qu’elle a de repoussoir, cette tablette mérite probablement que je m’y plonge.)
Nonobstant le refus de Stutterheim d’y croire lui même, je suis tenté par la possibilité de remplir les lacunes dans A2 et B10 de la façon suivante
A2 śrī mahārāja pu văgīśvara saṁ l[umaḥ ri garuṁ]
B10 śrī mahārāja [saṁ lumaḥ] ri garuṁ
On aura alors dans A2-3 la phrase
tatkāla śrī mahārāja pu văgīśvara saṁ l[umaḥ ri garuṁ] tumurun anugrahanira
ce qui résonne joliment avec la phrase
tatkāla rakarayān i garuṁ tumurun ājñānira
dans la même positions du texte dans la tablette de Pengging.
Je ne me prononce pas encore sur la question comment un roi défunt pourrait émettre un édit, mais la belle phrase de Stutterheim indique peut-être la voie.
Qu’est-ce que tu penses donc de Garung:
- Lien avec le roi rakai Garung?
- Identification du lieu dans les alentours de Dieng correcte?
- Possibilité que Kayu Ramya = Garung?
- Possibilité qu’il y a eu plusieurs lieux Garung?
-->