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Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Arlo Griffiths
Simple but elegant script possibly compatible with a date of engraving in the 13th, without it being possible to exclude production in the 11th century.
The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).
Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.
Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the DHARMA_idListMembers_v01.xml file.
mabaki ri tumbas·-tumbasan· buyut amabaki, Irikaṁ sīma kavajvan·, ri tija, mvaṅ i haru-haru, Atəhər· kabhukti deni kbo
kikil·, kunaṁ lavasnya kadval·, vvalu likur tahun·, kunaṁ tiṅkaḥnya de buyut amabaki
măṇa Ikaṁ sīma kavajvan· ri tija, mvaṅ i haru-haru denikaṅ avaju ri manayutī, kevala buyut amabaki juga pramāṇa ri
salbak·-vukirnya, savaḥnya, kəbvanya, sapaniskāranya kabeḥ, tka ri sukhaduḥkhanya magə
h-ulaha Ikaṁ sīma tija haru-haru denikaṅ avaju ri manayuti, Apan· huvus·
hārāja, sor pakṣanikaṅ avaju ri manayuti makamukhya Ikaṁ vasana, mvaṅ ikaṁ ḍinamvan·, balavăn· pakṣanikaṁ kbo ki
kil·, makanimitta vara-varaḥ rakryān jasun· vuṅkal· I śrī mahārāja, sira liṁnira pramāṇa Irikaṁ sīma kavajvan· ya
tan· tuhagana Ikaṅ avaju ri suruhanya, Āpan nāyaka parani sadr̥vya-hajinikaṁ sīma kavajvan· liṁ rakryān· jasu
n vuṅkal·,
tinañan· pvekaṅ avaju ri manayuti maṅaran· vasana, ḍinamvan· de śrī mahārāja ri parani dr̥vya-hajinikaṁ sīma
kavajvan· ri tija, lāvan i haru-haru, Ikaṁ pinupunikaṅ avaju ri manayuti, mājar ikaṅ avaju ri manayuti maṅaran va
sana, mvaṁ ḍinamvan·, pinakapaṅivə:nya Irikaṁ paṅuraṅ aṅasūvu
kryān· jasun· vuṅkal yan panəṅguḥ mareṁ nāyaka dr̥vya-hajinikaṁ sīma kavajvan·, ri tija, lāvan i haru-haru,
n
varuk·, tan vnaṅ adval· lpas·,
mithya gatinikā, makanimitta pobhayanikaṅ avaju ri manayuti makamukhya Ikaṁ vasana, ḍi
namvan·, Ikaṅ avaju ri mapapan·, Avaju ri paḍaṁ, Avaju ri paṅkaja, Avaju ri paliñjvan·, paḍāvaraḥ I śrī mahārāja yan· vna
ṅ anaṇḍakən·, paḍa vnaṅ adval· varuk·, paḍa vnaṅ adval· lpas· Irikaṁ sīma kavajvan·, tan· pareṁ nāyaka dr̥vya-hajinya, keva
la kapramāṇa denya sovaṁ-sovaṁ, tuhun ikaṁ paṅmas·, lāvan ikaṁ pore liṁnya mareṁ nāyaka, kalñokan· deniṁ parāva
ju ta ṅaranikā Ikaṅ avaju ri manayuti, vara-varah ikaṅ avaju kapā
nikaṅ avaju ri manayuti, kunaṁ təmən amagəhakən· pakṣanikaṁ kbo kikil·, vvaya tulis· rakryān asīma kmitanikaṁ bu
yut amabaki Amapagəhakn ikaṁ buyut amabaki yan· pramāṇa ri tumbas·-tumbasan· buyut amabaki, Irikaṁ sīma kavajvan·
ri tija, lāvan i haru-haru, kaliliranani vka vet· buyut amabaki, tan kolah-ulaha denikaṅ avaju ri manayuti tka
ri vka-vetnya, tka ri dlāhaniṁ dlāha,
Ikaṁ vvaṁ yan· huvus pinagəhan· deni tulis· rakryān asīma, pinagəhakn ikā de
śrī mahārāja, tan ucap-ucapən· tka ri dlāhaniṁ dlāha, lāvan· muvaḥ Atyanta lavasnyan· tinumbas ikaṁ sīma kavajvan i ti
ja lāvan i haru-haru, tka vvalu likur tahun·, tan· hana paṅanuvandhanikaṅ avaju ri manayuti, kveḥnira saṁ nāyaka ri haR̥p·,
garment wearers
valleys and hills
, paddy fields, orchards, and all their belongings, including their pain and relief
, great or small. Truly the garment wearers
at Manayuti. For they are already free. Now it should be considered attentively by the Great King garment wearers
at Manayuti — notably Vasana and Ḍinamvan — is weaker garment wearers
garment wearers
are not diligent in their task, for the garment wearers
. He said that he
— but then how would this connect with the garment wearers
if the garment wearers
were not diligent in their task
@@@When the garment wearers
at Manayuti called Vasana [and] Ḍinamvan were questioned by the Great King about who is benefitting from the royal revenue of the garment wearers
at Tija and Haru-Haru goes, that is collected by the garment wearers
at Manayuti, the garment wearers
at Manayuti called Vasana and Ḍinamvan informed that they give special attention to the paṅuraṅs who say they are raising orphans (*aṅasu uvuh-uvuh liṅnya) for which no tribute is paid by them (the paṅuraṅs or the garment wearers
?) to the nāyakas; [hence] that the Lord of Jasun Vuṅkal is what one calls deceitful insofar as he asserts that the royal revenue of the garment wearers
at Tija and Haru-Haru is benefitting the nāyakas, due to interference by the garment wearers
at Manayuti. Such was the assertion of the garment wearers
at Manayuti [who added that] it is not allowed to pawn the garment wearers
, not allowed to sell them as varuk [land], not allowed to sell them free.
(3r2–3v4) The [previous] position is deceitful, on the grounds of the concurrence of the garment wearers
at Manayuti, notably Vasana [and] Ḍinamvan. The garment wearer
at Mapapan, the garment wearer
at Paḍaṅ, the garment wearer
at Paṅkaja [and] the garment wearer
at Paliñjvan all reported to the Great King that it is allowed to pawn, allowed to sell as varuk [land], allowed to sell free the garment wearers
; [that] their royal revenue does not benefit the nāyakas; [that] they are exclusively controlled by each one. But even so the so-called paṅəmas and pore benefit to the nāyakas. Cheated by the other garment wearers
is what the garment wearers
at Manayuti are. [This was] the report of the four garment wearers
, taken to heart by the Great King. Such was the weakness of the case of the garment wearers
at Manayuti. But [the Great King] sincerely confirmed the case of Kbo Kikil. The Lords sīma holders had a document kept in custody by the founding fathers confirming about the founding fathers that the control over the purchases of the founding fathers in the garment wearers
in Tija and in Haru-Haru will be inherited by the descendants of the founding fathers, and shall not be interfered with by the garment wearers
in Manayuti including their descendants, into the future’s future.
(3v4–3v6) The man who had been sustained by the document of a Lord sīma holder was confirmed by the Great King. [Even] into the future’s future it should not be discussed. And further, the duration since the garment wearers
in Tija and in Haru-Haru were sold being exceedingly long — amounting to twenty-eight years — the garment wearers
in Manayuti have no continuity
First edited by W. F. Stutterheim (