The Kanjuruhan Charter (682 Śaka) EpiDoc Encoding Arlo Griffiths intellectual authorship of edition Arlo Griffiths DHARMA Jakarta DHARMA_INSIDENKKanjuruhan

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|| svasti śaka-varṣātīta 682 || Āsīn nara-patir dhīmān deva-siṁhaḥ pratāpavān· yena guptā purī bhāti pūtikeśvara-pāvitā || limvaḥ ao 'pi tanayas tasya gajayānaḥa Iti smr̥taḥ rarakṣa svar-ggate tāte pura kāñjuruhan· mahat· || limvasya duhitā jajñe prada-putrāsya bhūpateḥ Uttejanā Ieti mahiṣī jananī yasya dhīmataḥ || Ānandanaḥ kalaśa-je bhagavati Ay agastye bhaktaḥo dvijāti-hita-kr̥d gajayāna pauraiḥ sa-nāyaka-gaṇaiḥ samakārayat· tat· ramyam· maharṣi-bhavanam· valahājir īḍyaḥ || pūrvvaiḥ kr̥tām· tu sura-dāru-mayī samīkṣya kīrtti-priyaḥ kalaśa-ja-pratimāṁ manasvī Ājñāpya śilpinam· Am aram· saḥ ca ca dīrgha-darśśī kr̥ṣṇādbhutopala-mayīm· nr̥patiś cakāra || rājñāgastyaḥ śakābde nayana-vasu-rase mārggaśīrṣe ca māse Ārdrarkṣe śukra-vāre pratipada-divase pakṣa-sandhau dhruve vā r̥ttvigbhir veda-vidbhir yati-vara-sahitaiḥ sthāpakādyaiḥ sa-pauraiḥ karmma-jñaiḥ kumbha-lagne sudr̥ḍha-mati-matā sthāpitaḥ kumbhayoniḥ || kṣetram· gāvaḥ supuṣṭāḥ mahiṣa-gaṇa-yutāḥ dā dāsa-dāsī-purogāḥ dattā rājñā maharṣi-pravara-caru-havis-snāna-sammārjanādi -vyāpārārtham· dvijānām· bhavanam api vr̥hat· danturam· ca Aādbhutam· ca visrambhāya Aātithīnām· yava-yavika-śayyācchādanaiḥ suprayuktam· || ye bāndhavāḥ nā nr̥pa-sutāś ca sa-mantri-mukhyāḥ dattau nr̥pasya yadi te pratikūla-cittāḥ nāstikya-doṣa-kuṭilāḥ narake pateyuḥ na Aāmutra ca Ieha ca gatim· paramāṁ labhante || vaṁśyāāḥ nā nr̥pasya rucitāḥ yā yadi datti-vr̥ddhau Āstikya-śuddha-matayaḥ kr̥ta-vipra-pūjāḥ dānādya-puṇya-yajanāddhyayanādi-śīlāḥ rakṣantu rājyam· Am aniśam· nr̥patir yathā Eaivam·
limvaḥ Some predecessors have read this name as Liṣva, and this reading was hesitantly approved by Damais (640). But I believe that the context requires that we see in this name the Javanese word limva. See the translation below. Note that the name is recorded as Limva, not Liṣva, in 734. gajayānaḥ gajayāna The visarga is clearly visible after the curve of the stone. pura One expects puram·, but for this there seems to be too little space. The stone is damaged here. prada-putrāsya The stone is damaged here, so the presence of ā cannot be verified. jananī yasya jananīyasya gajayāna 2045: Nous nous étions demandé dans Ep. Aant., VIII : 2 5, ligne 1, si les deux syllabes non transcrites par De Casparis à la fin de la ligne 8 (elles ont disparu dans la brisure de la pierre) ne seraient pas rājā. Nous venons de vérifier le passage sur la stèle elle-même. Seule la partie gauche du premier des deux aksara manquants est encore visible avant la brisure et il nous paraît certain qu'il ne peut s'agir d'un . valahājir īḍyaḥ valahājiridhyaḥ De Casparis admitted his inability to interpret his reading. 233 proposed the alternative valahājiriḍyaḥ but says nothing about how he interprets this. Long and short i/ī are in many cases barely distinguishable in this inscription. Emend valahāśirīḍyaḥ (for expected valahāśīrīḍyaḥ) or valahājid īḍyaḥ? -mayī -mayīṁ Ārdrarkṣe Ārdrarkṣye The correct reading was proposed by Damais (233). sa-pauraiḥ Based on inspection of the stone, and comparing this word to the graphic appearance of pauraiḥ at the beginning of line 9, Damais (233) found De Casparis' reading unacceptable and proposed sahoraiḥ as alternative. -sammārjanādi Sarkar (30) argued unconvincingly for the reading samvarddhanādi of De Casparis’ predecessors. Both the traces of the akṣaras and the sense plead for De Casparis’ reading. visrambhāya viśrambhāya -śayyā° -cayyā° De Casparis’ reading is obviously a misprint (for in the transliteration system he used, ç corresponds to ś). The double yy presumably does not make position (śayā is needed for the meter). vaṁśyāḥ vaṁcyāḥ Again, De Casparis’ reading is an obvious misprint. Aniśa Atula The alternative restoration adopted here was suggested to me by Dániel Balogh.

Hail! The elapsed Śaka year 682.The first line, not comprising any Sanskrit grammatical morphology, is in Old Javanese. Many inscriptions that are entirely in this language start with dating formulae of the same structure.

There was a king, the wise and valorous Devasiṁha, protected by whom shines or: shone the city purified by Pūtikeśvara.Note of Chatterjee; article by Stutterheim (?).

His son, Limva Swing, known as Gajayāna having an elephant's gait,On the meaning of limva = limba in Old Javanese, see 1029. It seems that the Sanskrit name glosses the indigenous one. also protected the great city of Kāñjuruhan, when his father had gone to heaven.

A daughter, giver of sons,The compound pradaputrā is very unusual, for putrapradā is expected and would be metrically only slightly objectionable (yielding an iambic pattern that is avoided only in the most pure form of anuṣṭubh meter). The grammatical irregularity seems more drastic than would have been the slight metrical transgression, so meter cannot evidently be invoked to justify the form. Possibly it was intended as proper name (Pradaputrā) rather than as adjective. See also the discussion in 504-505, which does not sufficiently emphasize the irregularity of the compound. was born to this Limva, the wise king, whose chief queen and the daughter's mother was Uttejanā.The fact that they did not acknowledge the word division here (jananī yasya) explains why De Casparis and some other precedessors postulate a figure called Jananīya in translating this stanza.

Delighting because of this daughter's birth, and devoted to the pot-born lord Agastya, the king named Gajayāna, praiseworthy defeater of the Vala-Slayer Indra, benefactor of the twice-born Brahmins, had the charming abode of the great sage built by citizens along with several foremen.

And that sensible king, fond of fame, who saw had longevity in view, but who had seen the cedar-wood image of the Pot-born Agastya, made by the ancestors, carefullyOr take aram with cakāra, as does Chatterjee? instructed a sculptor, and had an image of astonishing black stone prepared.

In the Śaka year denoted by eyes-Vasus-flavors 682, in the month of Mārgaśīrṣa, on Friday, under the lunar mansion Ārdra, on the pratipad day, at the juncture of the fortnights,See note Damais who argues that this must have been the pratipad, i.e.\ first day of the waning fortnight. and in the Dhruva conjunction, with Aquarius kumbha in the ascendant lagna, the Pitcher-born Agastya was caused to be built by the king, of firm intellect, at the hands of priests, versed in the Vedas, together with the best of ascetics, and together with citizens among whom architects etc.See 222 on the interpretation of the calendrical parameters. Damais read sahoraiḥ instead of sapauraiḥ and interpreted hora as meaning astrologer, though admitting that this meaning ne semble pas exister en sanskrit « classique ».

Land, well-fed cows, together with herds of buffaloes and preceded by male and female servants, were given by the king in order for the twice-born to execute caru oblation of boiled rice, havis oblation of melted butter, ablutions, anointments etc. for the best of great sages, as well as a great lodge, storeyed ?, dantura and astonishing, for guests to rest, well furnished with beds (i.e. mattresses) made of barley straw and covers.

If in the future the relatives and sons of the king, together with their chief ministers, shall be of adverse mind in relation to this donation of the king, they shall, perverted by the sin of heterodoxy, fall into hell and neither in this world nor in the next do they attain the highest destination.

In case the descendants of the king are inclined to the augmentation of the donation, may they, with their intellect purified by orthodoxy, having worshiped the twice-born and being accustomed to meritorious deeds like donations, and to worship, study, etc., always protect the whole kingdom in the same way as does the present king.

A unique feature is the nearly consistent absence of sandhi, sometimes even against the meter, so that numerous normalizations are called for in editing this inscription. Exceptions where vowel sandhi is applied are prada-putrāsya (st. III, this reading is, however, somewhat uncertain) and rājñāgastyaḥ (st. VI).

This, the oldest dated inscription of East Java, is of great historical interest and has been edited several times. After the discovery of the main fragment, a posthumously published provisional transcription by J. L. A. Brandes (), and a more thorough study by F. D. K. Bosch (, with numerous corrections and additions in ), discovery of further fragments necessitated a revised edition by Bosch (). However, the most reliable, indeed virtually flawless, edition is that of J. G. de Casparis (). Thirty years later, H. B. Sarkar (), and also in an article published separately, just one year earlier () pretended to give a more reliable interpretation than that of his predecessors, but at least his decipherment is not more reliable at all.Sarkar’s readings normalize the spelling and are unreliable especially in the matter of final consonants (notably ṁ/m). A photo of an excellent inked estampage, showing large parts of lines 10–21, was included as plate 1 in ; both of Bosch' publications also photographic reproductions, but De Casparis (4987) has warned that they are often misleading. A useful photograph of the main fragment is available as OD 743. Moreover, the stone is accessible at the National Museum in Jakarta (stone D.113), where I was able to verify the published readings on 6 July 2011. Only variant readings from De Casparis' edition are systematically noted in my apparatus, and I have also recorded all the philological observations made by L.-Ch. Damais (). I refer for the sake of convenience only to Sarkar's 1970 publication, not to the one of 1971.

I1-21 51-55 35-40 I25-33IV 24-25 61-65 22-23A3 204 640-648 438 72-73I3