---
name: remotion-markup
description: Content, animation and effects best practices
version: 4.0.537
---

This is guidance for writing Remotion React Markup.
If this is not relevant, load Remotion Best Practices instead.

## Preserve user changes

Users may make edits in the code outside of the conversation.

If you detect a surprising change made in the meanwhile, don't overwrite it, assume it was intentional or ask for confirmation.

## General rules

Inside a composition or scene component, get `fps` from `useVideoConfig()` for
all seconds-to-frames calculations, including timing props such as `from`,
`trimBefore` and `durationInFrames`. Keeping the expression on
the JSX node, such as `trimBefore={4 * fps}`, lets Studio edit the timing and
keeps it correct if the composition frame rate changes.

Drive animations using `useCurrentFrame()` and `interpolate()`.  
CSS `transition` or `animation` will not render correctly, they need to refactored.  
Tailwind animation class will not render correctly, they need to be refactored.

Use `Easing.bezier()` and `Easing.spring()` to customize timing.

Before choosing the markup hierarchy, read
editable timeline structure.
Choose editing units first, then the tracks or shared timing boundaries they
need. It includes a complete example with interactive components and their
registrations. For source-editable styles, schemas, and keyframes, see
Remotion Interactivity.

```tsx
import { useCurrentFrame, useVideoConfig, Easing, interpolate, Interactive } from "remotion";

export const FadeIn = () => {
  const frame = useCurrentFrame();
  const {fps} = useVideoConfig();

  return (
    <Interactive.Div
      name="Title"
      style={{
        opacity: interpolate(frame, [0, 2 * fps], [0, 1], {
          extrapolateRight: "clamp",
          extrapolateLeft: "clamp",
          easing: Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
        }),
      }}
    >
      Hello World!
    </Interactive.Div>
  );
};
```

Keep the `interpolate()` call inline in the `style` prop.
Use `scale`, `translate`, `rotate` CSS properties over `transform`.

```tsx
// 👍 Inline editable keyframes and transform shorthands
style={{
  scale: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], [0, 1], {
    extrapolateLeft: 'clamp',
    extrapolateRight: 'clamp',
    easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}),
    output: 'perceptual-scale' // For `scale` animations, use "output: 'perceptual-scale'"
  }),
  translate: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], ["0px 0px", "100px 100px"], {
    extrapolateLeft: 'clamp',
    extrapolateRight: 'clamp',
    easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}),
  }),
  rotate: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], ["20deg", "90deg"], {
    extrapolateLeft: 'clamp',
    extrapolateRight: 'clamp',
    easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}),
  }),
}}

// 👎 Non-inline values and transform strings become harder to edit in Studio
const scale = interpolate(frame, [0, 100], [0, 1]);

style={{
  transform: `scale(${scale})`,
}}
```

## Assets

Place assets in the `public/` folder at your project root.
Use `staticFile()` to reference files from the `public/` folder.

## Media components

Add video and audio using `<Video>` and `<Audio>` from `@remotion/media`.  
Add images using the `<CanvasImage>` component.
Add animated GIFs, APNG, WebP or AVIF images using `<AnimatedImage>`, use `@remotion/gif` if not using Chrome.
Use `staticFile()` for files in `public/` or pass a remote URL directly:

```tsx
import { Audio, Video } from "@remotion/media";
import { staticFile, CanvasImage, AnimatedImage } from "remotion";

export const MyComposition = () => {
  return (
    <>
      <Video src={staticFile("video.mp4")} style={{ opacity: 0.5 }} />
      <Audio src={staticFile("audio.mp3")} />
      <CanvasImage
        src={staticFile("logo.png")}
        style={{ width: 100, height: 100 }}
      />
      <Video src="https://remotion.media/video.mp4" />
      <AnimatedImage src={staticFile('nyancat.gif')} />
    </>
  );
};
```

If the composition is primarily a timeline of video or audio clips, read
[video-editing.md](video-editing.md) before choosing its source structure.

## Delaying, trimming

Use [sequencing](sequencing.md) to choose the timing boundary and
[timing props](timing-props.md) for the supported props and order of operations.

## Maps

See [Remotion Maps](./remotion-maps/REFERENCE.md) if wanting to include maps in the video.

## Text highlights and annotations

See [text-highlights.md](text-highlights.md) for text highlights (highlight markers), circles, underlines, strike-throughs, crossed-off text, boxes.

## Multi-scene videos

See [multi-scene-video.md](multi-scene-video.md) if planning to make a video with multiple subsequent scenes.

## Connected compositions

Read [connected compositions](connected-compositions.md) when a scene or group
needs its own editable timeline, or when handling a Studio pre-compose request.
It covers extraction, registration, inherited styles, and verification in both
the parent and standalone views.

## Voiceover

See [voiceover.md](voiceover.md) for adding an AI-generated voiceover to Remotion compositions using ElevenLabs TTS.

## Embedding Videos

See [embedding-videos.md](embedding-videos.md) for advanced knowledge about embedding videos - trimming, volume, speed, looping, pitch.

## Embedding Audio

See [audio.md](audio.md) for advanced audio features like trimming, volume, speed, pitch.

## Cropping

See [cropping.md](cropping.md) if needing to crop the visible rectangle of a component.

## Transitions

See [transitions.md](transitions.md) for scene transition patterns.

## Motion blur

When adding motion blur or a movement trail, read [motion-blur.md](motion-blur.md) for the preferred HTML-in-canvas approach, preview requirements, and alternatives.

## Visual and pixel effects

When adding a visual effect, first identify the element or group it should affect.
If the target component supports `effects` and a built-in effect below matches the
request, prefer that effect over a CSS approximation. For example, apply
`vignette()` directly to a `<Video>`'s `effects` prop when the vignette should
affect that video.

These components accept `effects` directly:

| Import from        | Components                                                                                                                    |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `remotion`         | `<Img>`, `<CanvasImage>`, `<AnimatedImage>`, `<Solid>`, `<HtmlInCanvas>`                                                      |
| `@remotion/media`  | `<Video>`                                                                                                                     |
| `@remotion/gif`    | `<Gif>`                                                                                                                       |
| `@remotion/rive`   | `<RemotionRiveCanvas>`                                                                                                        |
| `@remotion/shapes` | `<Arrow>`, `<Callout>`, `<Circle>`, `<Ellipse>`, `<Heart>`, `<Pie>`, `<Polygon>`, `<Rect>`, `<Spark>`, `<Star>`, `<Triangle>` |

Ordinary HTML elements, `<Interactive.*>` DOM wrappers, `<AbsoluteFill>`, and
`<Sequence>` do not accept `effects` directly. To apply effects to their content,
wrap them in `<HtmlInCanvas>` and put the `effects` prop on the wrapper.

For other elements, prefer regular HTML and CSS where suitable. Consider wrapping
a group in [`<HtmlInCanvas>`](html-in-canvas.md) when post-processing the whole
group is appropriate and the environment supports it.

Read [effects.md](effects.md) before applying an effect for imports, parameters,
and setup. It also covers reusable custom effects with `createEffect()` when no
built-in effect matches.

### Available effects

Built-in effects from `@remotion/effects`:

- Color and tone: `brightness()`, `colorCorrection()`, `colorKey()`, `contrast()`, `duotone()`, `exposure()`, `grayscale()`, `hue()`, `invert()`, `levels()`, `linearGradient()`, `linearGradientTint()`, `lut()`, `saturation()`, `shadowsHighlights()`, `thermalVision()`, `tint()`, `vibrance()`, `whiteBalance()`.
- Blur and trails: `blur()`, `lightTrail()`, `linearProgressiveBlur()`, `radialProgressiveBlur()`, `regionBlur()`, `zoomBlur()`.
- Lighting: `dropShadow()`, `glow()`, `lightLeak()`, `shine()`, `starburst()`, `vignette()`.
- Distortion and transforms: `barrelDistortion()`, `chromaticAberration()`, `cornerPin()`, `fisheye()`, `mirror()`, `noiseDisplacement()`, `scale()`, `skew()`, `tile()`, `uvTranslate()`, `wave()`, `xyTranslate()`.
- Textures and patterns: `burlap()`, `checkerboard()`, `contourLines()`, `dotGrid()`, `emboss()`, `flannel()`, `gridlines()`, `halftone()`, `halftoneLinearGradient()`, `lines()`, `liquidContours()`, `noise()`, `paper()`, `pattern()`, `rings()`, `scanlines()`, `speckle()`, `tvSignalOff()`, `waves()`, `whiteNoise()`, `zigzag()`.
- Edges: `outline()`, `roughenEdges()`, `shrinkwrap()`, `tear()`.
- Pixelation and transitions: `evolve()`, `linearProgressivePixelate()`, `pixelate()`, `pixelDissolve()`, `radialProgressivePixelate()`, `venetianBlinds()`.

## Color correction

Read [color-correction.md](color-correction.md) for how to apply color correction, either using the `colorCorrection()` effect or `lut()` to apply a 3D `.cube` color grade.

## 3D content

See [./3d.md](./3d.md) for 3D content in Remotion using Three.js and React Three Fiber.

## Sound effects

When needing to use sound effects, load the [./sfx.md](./sfx.md) file for more information.

## Audio visualization

When needing to visualize audio (spectrum bars, waveforms, bass-reactive effects), load the [./audio-visualization.md](./audio-visualization.md) file for more information.

## Maps

For static maps, animated routes and markers, geographic explainers, Mapbox, MapLibre, MapTiler, GeoJSON, or 3D geographic flyovers, load [Remotion Maps](./remotion-maps/REFERENCE.md).

## Captions

When dealing with captions or subtitles, load the Remotion Captions skill for more information.

## Arabic and right-to-left text

For Arabic, Persian, Urdu or Hebrew text, read [arabic-text.md](arabic-text.md): set the base direction, animate by word, and split letters only in a way that keeps them joined.

## Google Fonts

Is the recommended way to load fonts in Remotion. See [google-fonts.md](google-fonts.md) for how to load Google Fonts.

## Local fonts

See [local-fonts.md](local-fonts.md) for how to load local fonts.

## GIFs

See [gifs.md](gifs.md) for how to display GIFs synchronized with Remotion's timeline.

## Advanced Images

See [images.md](images.md) for sizing and positioning images, dynamic image paths, and getting image dimensions.

## Lottie animations

See [lottie.md](lottie.md) for embedding Lottie animations in Remotion.

## Timing

See [timing.md](timing.md) for more timing techniques for `interpolate()`.

## Parameterized videos

See [parameters.md](parameters.md) for making a composition parametrizable by adding a Zod schema.

## Measuring DOM nodes

See [measuring-dom-nodes.md](measuring-dom-nodes.md) for measuring DOM element dimensions in Remotion.

## Measuring text

See [measuring-text.md](measuring-text.md) for measuring text dimensions, fitting text to containers, and checking overflow.

## Using FFmpeg

For some video operations, such as trimming videos or detecting silence, FFmpeg should be used. Load the [./ffmpeg.md](./ffmpeg.md) file for more information.

## Silence detection

When needing to detect and trim silent segments from video or audio files, load the [./silence-detection.md](./silence-detection.md) file.

## Dynamic duration, dimensions and data

See [calculate-metadata.md](calculate-metadata.md) for dynamically set composition duration, dimensions, and props.

## Compositions and stills

Before registering `<Composition>` or `<Still>` elements, read [compositions.md](compositions.md) for source-editable registrations, folders, default props and nesting. For Studio navigation into a scene's own timeline, use [connected compositions](connected-compositions.md).

## Advanced sequencing

See [sequencing.md](sequencing.md) for more sequencing patterns - delay, trim, limit duration of items.

## Install modules

Use `npx remotion add` to add new packages with the right version:

```
npx remotion add @remotion/media
```

This goes for `@remotion/*` packages, `mediabunny`, `@mediabunny/*`, `zod`, and `@huggingface/transformers`.

## Visual checks

Open the Remotion Studio to check visual changes.
When changing timeline structure, inspect the full composition as well as any
connected components; verify the visible layers, cut timing, and synchronized
content.

You can also use Rendering to inspect one or several frames as images.