---
title: Carbon Based Design
page_type: course
track: Exploration
course_type: Elective
feature_img: /assets/images/2024-25/year-2/modules/circular-matter.png
img_caption: Credits | Material Stories | Steel, Embodied Energy and Design, D.Benjamin. Columbia University GSAPP
faculty:
ects: 2
hide:
    - toc
---

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## Syllabus

*Mapping Material Flows in the Built Environment*

Cities are our future. They are the drivers of the global economy, centres of creativity, diversity, and  interaction - and they are home to the majority of the global population. Cities cover only 3% of the earth’s surface, yet they consume 75% of global natural resources, making them effective places to address critical environmental and social challenges. A large part of the environmental impact of cities can be attributed to the Built Environment. Roughly 40% of all carbon emissions are related to this part of our economy. 10% can be attributed to embodied carbon, where 30% can be attributed to energy consumption.

Growing urban regions and consumption patterns combined with an extractive and wasteful economy create many adverse environmental impacts both inside and outside of our human habitats. Our linear economy is at the root of these challenges: core to this economic model is a fundamental disconnect between how we live our lives and do business, and what this means for the natural ecosystems that allow us to live happy, healthy sustainable lives.

In 2004 it was estimated that at the current rate of mining, we are left with 32 years of copper, 23 years of tin, and 21 years of lead (C.O’Donnell, D.Pranger). With the raw materials becoming scarce, in the near future, recycling and reusing will become an inevitable part of how architects, designers and engineers construct the built environment.

See full course details [here](https://blog.iaac.net/course/maa02-mact02-maebb02-mdef02-circular-matter/).