{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#hide\n",
    "from tinykernel import *"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# tinykernel\n",
    "\n",
    "> A minimal Python kernel, so you can run Python in your Python."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "All the clever stuff in this library is provided by Python's builtin `ast` module and compilation/exec/eval system, along with [IPython](https://ipython.org/)'s `CachingCompiler` which does some [deep magic](https://cprohm.de/article/better-test-output-with-ast-rewriting-and-a-patched-standard-library.html/). `tinykernel` just brings them together with a little glue."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Install"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "With pip:\n",
    "\n",
    "    pip install tinykernel\n",
    "\n",
    "With conda:\n",
    "\n",
    "    conda install -c fastai tinykernel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## How to use"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This library provides a single class, `TinyKernel`, which is a tiny persistent kernel for Python code:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "k = TinyKernel()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Call it, passing Python code, to have the code executed in a separate Python environment:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "k(\"a=1\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Expressions return the value of the expression:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "All variables are persisted across calls:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k(\"a+=1\")\n",
    "k('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Multi-line inputs are supported. If the last line is an expression, it is returned:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "namespace(foo=2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k(\"\"\"import types\n",
    "b = types.SimpleNamespace(foo=a)\n",
    "b\"\"\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The original source code is stored, so `inspect.getsource` works and, tracebacks have full details."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'def f(): pass # a comment\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k(\"\"\"def f(): pass # a comment\n",
    "import inspect\n",
    "inspect.getsource(f)\"\"\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "When creating a `TinyKernel`, you can pass a dict of globals to initialize the environment:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'barbar'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k = TinyKernel(glb={'foo':'bar'})\n",
    "k('foo*2')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Pass `name` to customize the string that appears in tracebacks (\"kernel\" by default):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#hide\n",
    "import traceback"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Traceback (most recent call last):\n",
      "  File \"<ipython-input-37-8b370e64c5cb>\", line 5, in <module>\n",
      "    try: k(code)\n",
      "  File \"/home/jhoward/git/tinykernel/tinykernel/__init__.py\", line 20, in __call__\n",
      "    if expr: return self._run(Expression(expr.value), nm, 'eval')\n",
      "  File \"/home/jhoward/git/tinykernel/tinykernel/__init__.py\", line 12, in _run\n",
      "    def _run(self, p, nm, mode='exec'): return eval(compiler(p, nm, mode), self.glb)\n",
      "  File \"<myapp--1-57331cf14e08>\", line 3, in <module>\n",
      "    print(f())\n",
      "  File \"<myapp--1-57331cf14e08>\", line 2, in f\n",
      "    return 1/0\n",
      "ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k = TinyKernel(name='myapp')\n",
    "code = '''def f():\n",
    "    return 1/0\n",
    "print(f())'''\n",
    "try: k(code)\n",
    "except Exception as e: print(traceback.format_exc())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Acknowledgements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Thanks to Christopher Prohm, Matthias Bussonnier, and Aaron Meurer for their helpful insights in [this twitter thread](https://twitter.com/jeremyphoward/status/1424990665746763781)."
   ]
  }
 ],
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