{
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/financieras/pyCourse/blob/main/jupyter/calisto1/0440_pilas_y_colas.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5XmLJ89QA5qC"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Estructuras de datos: pilas y colas"
      ],
      "id": "5XmLJ89QA5qC"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Qv4ReQBnA5qF"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Pilas\n",
        "Método LIFO (Last in First out)  \n",
        "* PUSH: agrega un elemento a la colección\n",
        "* POP: elimina el elemento agregado más recientemente  \n",
        "\n",
        "Ejemplo:\n",
        "- Una pila de libros puestos en vertical sobre una mesa  \n",
        "\n",
        "LIFO | PILA\n",
        ":-: | :-:\n",
        "![pila](https://github.com/financieras/pyCourse/blob/main/jupyter/img/stack.png?raw=1) | ![libros](https://github.com/financieras/pyCourse/blob/main/jupyter/img/pila.jpg?raw=1)"
      ],
      "id": "Qv4ReQBnA5qF"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 1,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qIzwjLkXA5qG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Se trabaja con listas.\n",
        "libros = [\"Quijote\", \"Celestina\", \"Principito\"]\n",
        "# si fuera una pila de libros puestos en vertical, abajo estaría el Quijote y arriba el Principito"
      ],
      "id": "qIzwjLkXA5qG"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "yeV-b_ImA5qH"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Añadiendo elementos\n",
        "Se añaden por la **derecha** con *append*."
      ],
      "id": "yeV-b_ImA5qH"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 2,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rQM4cna9A5qH",
        "outputId": "fe31c9be-f302-4031-f42a-56da4fc72b25",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Quijote', 'Celestina', 'Principito', 'La Odisea']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 2
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "libros.append(\"La Odisea\")\n",
        "libros"
      ],
      "id": "rQM4cna9A5qH"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HDj4R7yPA5qI"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Eliminando elementos\n",
        "Se eliminan por la **derecha** con *pop*.\n",
        "El último en llegar es el primero en salir."
      ],
      "id": "HDj4R7yPA5qI"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 3,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hAvBhw9IA5qI",
        "outputId": "715e7a21-6abe-4de6-b6e7-f87b9c9eb0f8",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'La Odisea'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 3
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "libros.pop()                              # devuelve el último elemento de la lista y lo elimina"
      ],
      "id": "hAvBhw9IA5qI"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 4,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sKs-xoSbA5qJ",
        "outputId": "35fa5df1-5309-4ccc-c80d-fd56fa7101d2",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Quijote', 'Celestina', 'Principito']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 4
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "libros                                    # observamos que 'La Odisea' ha sido eliminada de la lista"
      ],
      "id": "sKs-xoSbA5qJ"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 5,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YpOjZLpTA5qJ",
        "outputId": "c2f5bcee-6bc9-4a1f-93c1-3fba9b3e526a",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 53
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "['Quijote', 'Celestina']\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Principito'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 5
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "eliminado = libros.pop()                  # podemos guardar en una variable el elemento eliminado\n",
        "print(libros)\n",
        "eliminado"
      ],
      "id": "YpOjZLpTA5qJ"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "terETtlxA5qK"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Colas\n",
        "Método FIFO (First in First out)  \n",
        "Ejemplo:\n",
        "- La cola de un establecimiento  \n",
        "\n",
        "FIFO | QUEUE\n",
        ":-: | :-:\n",
        "![McAuto](https://github.com/financieras/pyCourse/blob/main/jupyter/img/cola.jpg?raw=1) | ![queue)](https://github.com/financieras/pyCourse/blob/main/jupyter/img/queue.png?raw=1)"
      ],
      "id": "terETtlxA5qK"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UaaAj8lZA5qK"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Crear una cola\n",
        "Usamos *deque* de la librería *collections*."
      ],
      "id": "UaaAj8lZA5qK"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 6,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HsxCv8kIA5qK",
        "outputId": "3c5f003c-b279-4b1a-e337-09c87167a8a3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "deque([])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 6
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "from collections import deque\n",
        "cola = deque()                    # creando una cola vacía\n",
        "cola"
      ],
      "id": "HsxCv8kIA5qK"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Na7YiRukA5qL"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Añadir elementos a la cola\n",
        "Para añadir elementos a una cola podemos pasar una **lista** al objeto deque."
      ],
      "id": "Na7YiRukA5qL"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 7,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-bBK4TAZA5qL"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "cola = deque(['Ana', 'Jose', 'Eva'])  # Primero llegó Ana a la cola"
      ],
      "id": "-bBK4TAZA5qL"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 8,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_SJtiiYyA5qL",
        "outputId": "44a8fe9f-6161-4176-edbd-1185ef9da45b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "deque(['Ana', 'Jose', 'Eva', 'Luis', 'Bea'])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "cola.append('Luis')\n",
        "cola.append('Bea')                  # Bea es la última en llegar\n",
        "cola"
      ],
      "id": "_SJtiiYyA5qL"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Kl0S-3svA5qL"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Sacar elementos de la cola\n",
        "El primer usuario al que atenderemos es al primero que llegó.  \n",
        "Los elementos se sacan por la **izquierda** con *popleft*.  \n",
        "\n",
        "El método *popleft* no funciona en las listas solo en las queue."
      ],
      "id": "Kl0S-3svA5qL"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 9,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QaOkHgUzA5qM",
        "outputId": "1d0bf304-540d-455e-a658-fb154c819022",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Ana'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 9
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "cola.popleft()                    # Atendemos a Ana"
      ],
      "id": "QaOkHgUzA5qM"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 10,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ObZiXL_0A5qM",
        "outputId": "feb45aa1-4a25-462c-db6f-0a09fc54d2c3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "deque(['Jose', 'Eva', 'Luis', 'Bea'])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "cola"
      ],
      "id": "ObZiXL_0A5qM"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 11,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "SEGE3ZMZA5qM",
        "outputId": "524fc92c-e84e-4196-b237-d5478d4c7ae5",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Jose'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "atendido = cola.popleft()         # Podemos guardar en una variable los elementos eliminados\n",
        "atendido"
      ],
      "id": "SEGE3ZMZA5qM"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 12,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "p2eJcUX2A5qM",
        "outputId": "cfd476fa-a244-4bee-96e3-7aedba6c7334",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "deque(['Eva', 'Luis', 'Bea'])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "cola"
      ],
      "id": "p2eJcUX2A5qM"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "00Tp2OiJA5qN"
      },
      "source": [
        "### Ejercicio\n",
        "Nos proporcionan una lista con las fases para la creación de un proyecto tecnológico."
      ],
      "id": "00Tp2OiJA5qN"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 13,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BMIXLj4uA5qN"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fases = ['Identificación','Exploración','Diseño','Planificación','Construcción','Evaluación','Divulgación']"
      ],
      "id": "BMIXLj4uA5qN"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ErB8JZ_RA5qN"
      },
      "source": [
        "Nos piden que asociemos cada fase con su número y las incorporemos a una lista para formar una matriz 7 x 2."
      ],
      "id": "ErB8JZ_RA5qN"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 14,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QGxqMRonA5qN",
        "outputId": "956f7a38-b4d5-4050-ec1b-30fe30c0b5c9",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[[1, 'Identificación'],\n",
              " [2, 'Exploración'],\n",
              " [3, 'Diseño'],\n",
              " [4, 'Planificación'],\n",
              " [5, 'Construcción'],\n",
              " [6, 'Evaluación'],\n",
              " [7, 'Divulgación']]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 14
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "l=[[i+1,fases[i]]for i in range(len(fases))]\n",
        "l"
      ],
      "id": "QGxqMRonA5qN"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7Zy3ALyNA5qN"
      },
      "source": [
        "Desordenamos las fases."
      ],
      "id": "7Zy3ALyNA5qN"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 15,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DAz6xutiA5qN",
        "outputId": "6818dd16-5e4e-4b54-8402-25c9e1d9d2ac",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[[3, 'Diseño'],\n",
              " [1, 'Identificación'],\n",
              " [5, 'Construcción'],\n",
              " [6, 'Evaluación'],\n",
              " [7, 'Divulgación'],\n",
              " [4, 'Planificación'],\n",
              " [2, 'Exploración']]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 15
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "from random import shuffle\n",
        "shuffle(l)\n",
        "l"
      ],
      "id": "DAz6xutiA5qN"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JPOdokCXA5qO"
      },
      "source": [
        "Se pide:  \n",
        "    usando colas, mostrar el listado de las fases ordenadas y sin número."
      ],
      "id": "JPOdokCXA5qO"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 16,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2jKWEdVMA5qO",
        "outputId": "26968974-fd9b-40c1-efd5-4031c9e92459",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[[1, 'Identificación'],\n",
              " [2, 'Exploración'],\n",
              " [3, 'Diseño'],\n",
              " [4, 'Planificación'],\n",
              " [5, 'Construcción'],\n",
              " [6, 'Evaluación'],\n",
              " [7, 'Divulgación']]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 16
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "# primero ordenamos las fases\n",
        "l.sort()\n",
        "l"
      ],
      "id": "2jKWEdVMA5qO"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 17,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DDG84TA3A5qO",
        "outputId": "f7a48f83-f6b2-4ad9-c5e0-910622c67471",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "deque(['Identificación',\n",
              "       'Exploración',\n",
              "       'Diseño',\n",
              "       'Planificación',\n",
              "       'Construcción',\n",
              "       'Evaluación',\n",
              "       'Divulgación'])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 17
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "from collections import deque\n",
        "cola = deque()                    # creando una cola vacía\n",
        "for fase in fases:\n",
        "    cola.append(fase)\n",
        "cola"
      ],
      "id": "DDG84TA3A5qO"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 18,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pjzzYkeuA5qO",
        "outputId": "9eb4e10d-d133-4a0d-bb19-d4aad07e4664",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Identificación\n",
            "Exploración\n",
            "Diseño\n",
            "Planificación\n",
            "Construcción\n",
            "Evaluación\n",
            "Divulgación\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "for fase in cola:\n",
        "    print(fase)"
      ],
      "id": "pjzzYkeuA5qO"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "S-koShUtA5qO"
      },
      "source": [
        "Ver que fase sería la que toca realizar."
      ],
      "id": "S-koShUtA5qO"
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 19,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1e3eEicyA5qO",
        "outputId": "5464a011-95a9-4f9e-bd09-804645047380",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Identificación'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 19
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "cola.popleft()"
      ],
      "id": "1e3eEicyA5qO"
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "kernelspec": {
      "display_name": "Python 3",
      "language": "python",
      "name": "python3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "codemirror_mode": {
        "name": "ipython",
        "version": 3
      },
      "file_extension": ".py",
      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
      "name": "python",
      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
      "version": "3.8.5"
    },
    "colab": {
      "name": "0440_pilas_y_colas.ipynb",
      "provenance": [],
      "include_colab_link": true
    }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 5
}