{
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   },
   "source": [
    "# Circuit\n",
    "\n",
    "> SAX Circuits"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "source": [
    "from functools import partial\n",
    "\n",
    "import sax\n",
    "from sax.circuit import (\n",
    "    _create_dag,\n",
    "    _find_leaves,\n",
    "    _find_root,\n",
    "    _flat_circuit,\n",
    "    _validate_models,\n",
    "    draw_dag,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "id": "45ad2306-1ead-4b8c-b91e-c02ce4569b3a",
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   "source": [
    "Let's start by creating a simple recursive netlist with gdsfactory.\n",
    "\n",
    ":::{note}\n",
    "We are using gdsfactory to create our netlist because it allows us to see the circuit we want to simulate and because we're striving to have a compatible netlist implementation in SAX.\n",
    "\n",
    "However... gdsfactory is not a dependency of SAX. You can also define your circuits by hand (see [SAX Quick Start](../examples/01_quick_start.ipynb) or you can use another tool to programmatically construct your netlists.\n",
    ":::"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "9fd69e3a-9854-4884-afb3-7ddcd4631c2e",
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   "source": [
    "import gdsfactory as gf\n",
    "from IPython.display import display\n",
    "from gdsfactory.components import mzi\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "@gf.cell\n",
    "def twomzi():\n",
    "    c = gf.Component()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # instances\n",
    "    mzi1 = mzi(delta_length=10)\n",
    "    mzi2 = mzi(delta_length=20)\n",
    "\n",
    "    # references\n",
    "    mzi1_ = c.add_ref(mzi1, name=\"mzi1\")\n",
    "    mzi2_ = c.add_ref(mzi2, name=\"mzi2\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    # connections\n",
    "    mzi2_.connect(\"o1\", mzi1_.ports[\"o2\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "    # ports\n",
    "    c.add_port(\"o1\", port=mzi1_.ports[\"o1\"])\n",
    "    c.add_port(\"o2\", port=mzi2_.ports[\"o2\"])\n",
    "    return c"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b0cad9f5-81b3-448a-8860-ac409c2b1415",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "comp = twomzi()\n",
    "comp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "65ef3413-4259-4d1f-ae65-891e968d2f57",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "recnet = sax.RecursiveNetlist.parse_obj(comp.get_netlist(recursive=True))\n",
    "mzi1_comp = recnet.root[\"twomzi\"].instances[\"mzi1\"].component\n",
    "flatnet = recnet.root[mzi1_comp]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2b2a38fb-c83e-4b71-b195-ecca485fb0a3",
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   },
   "source": [
    "To be able to model this device we'll need some SAX dummy models:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2035cd9e-c65e-45b6-bd83-4ad19e4630fa",
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   "source": [
    "def bend_euler(\n",
    "    angle=90.0,\n",
    "    p=0.5,\n",
    "    # cross_section=\"strip\",\n",
    "    # direction=\"ccw\",\n",
    "    # with_bbox=True,\n",
    "    # with_arc_floorplan=True,\n",
    "    # npoints=720,\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal({(\"o1\", \"o2\"): 1.0})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "192c4288-20d1-4aca-b3d0-277db6bb5118",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def mmi1x2(\n",
    "    width=0.5,\n",
    "    width_taper=1.0,\n",
    "    length_taper=10.0,\n",
    "    length_mmi=5.5,\n",
    "    width_mmi=2.5,\n",
    "    gap_mmi=0.25,\n",
    "    # cross_section= strip,\n",
    "    # taper= {function= taper},\n",
    "    # with_bbox= True,\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal(\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            (\"o1\", \"o2\"): 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1\", \"o3\"): 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "861a5b4a-d8d9-4ea0-a733-39e213a28ead",
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   "source": [
    "def mmi2x2(\n",
    "    width=0.5,\n",
    "    width_taper=1.0,\n",
    "    length_taper=10.0,\n",
    "    length_mmi=5.5,\n",
    "    width_mmi=2.5,\n",
    "    gap_mmi=0.25,\n",
    "    # cross_section= strip,\n",
    "    # taper= {function= taper},\n",
    "    # with_bbox= True,\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal(\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            (\"o1\", \"o3\"): 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1\", \"o4\"): 1j * 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o2\", \"o3\"): 1j * 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o2\", \"o4\"): 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "84046c8e-45a7-4aa0-bbdf-c82cd2d0e24e",
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   "source": [
    "def straight(\n",
    "    length=0.01,\n",
    "    # npoints=2,\n",
    "    # with_bbox=True,\n",
    "    # cross_section=...\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal({(\"o1\", \"o2\"): 1.0})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8efe90e4-dfe6-40bd-aa0a-26c74738d688",
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   },
   "source": [
    "In SAX, we usually aggregate the available models in a models dictionary:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c1ac9132-0ee2-443b-98f4-f790234551b0",
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   "source": [
    "models = {\n",
    "    \"straight\": straight,\n",
    "    \"bend_euler\": bend_euler,\n",
    "    \"mmi1x2\": mmi1x2,\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "05c6a808-1fbf-446c-badd-03a36c76e438",
   "metadata": {
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "We can also create some dummy multimode models:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b749320e-5a86-4c05-9736-89936b0d31b3",
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   "source": [
    "def bend_euler_mm(\n",
    "    angle=90.0,\n",
    "    p=0.5,\n",
    "    # cross_section=\"strip\",\n",
    "    # direction=\"ccw\",\n",
    "    # with_bbox=True,\n",
    "    # with_arc_floorplan=True,\n",
    "    # npoints=720,\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal(\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            (\"o1@TE\", \"o2@TE\"): 0.9**0.5,\n",
    "            # ('o1@TE', 'o2@TM'): 0.01**0.5,\n",
    "            # ('o1@TM', 'o2@TE'): 0.01**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TM\", \"o2@TM\"): 0.8**0.5,\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "958054fb-31f0-4d2c-9304-fdb72af8f333",
   "metadata": {
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   "source": [
    "def mmi1x2_mm(\n",
    "    width=0.5,\n",
    "    width_taper=1.0,\n",
    "    length_taper=10.0,\n",
    "    length_mmi=5.5,\n",
    "    width_mmi=2.5,\n",
    "    gap_mmi=0.25,\n",
    "    # cross_section= strip,\n",
    "    # taper= {function= taper},\n",
    "    # with_bbox= True,\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal(\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            (\"o1@TE\", \"o2@TE\"): 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TE\", \"o3@TE\"): 0.45**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TM\", \"o2@TM\"): 0.41**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TM\", \"o3@TM\"): 0.41**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TE\", \"o2@TM\"): 0.01**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TM\", \"o2@TE\"): 0.01**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TE\", \"o3@TM\"): 0.02**0.5,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TM\", \"o3@TE\"): 0.02**0.5,\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "34bad3c0-34a4-4b35-a942-7f75a204c1d0",
   "metadata": {
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   "source": [
    "def straight_mm(\n",
    "    length=0.01,\n",
    "    # npoints=2,\n",
    "    # with_bbox=True,\n",
    "    # cross_section=...\n",
    "):\n",
    "    return sax.reciprocal(\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            (\"o1@TE\", \"o2@TE\"): 1.0,\n",
    "            (\"o1@TM\", \"o2@TM\"): 1.0,\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b9476eb5-94e0-45c3-8e7e-a82fead8807b",
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   "source": [
    "models_mm = {\n",
    "    \"straight\": straight_mm,\n",
    "    \"bend_euler\": bend_euler_mm,\n",
    "    \"mmi1x2\": mmi1x2_mm,\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3df7d9b6-acbb-4406-a3c8-8a9ad09db768",
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   },
   "source": [
    "We can now represent our recursive netlist model as a Directed Acyclic Graph:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b6d6e06e-b501-4d3e-8eb6-0d7117abf8e8",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dag = _create_dag(recnet, models)\n",
    "draw_dag(dag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d081c64c-c42c-467e-885d-6e8db2cf64cc",
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Note that the DAG depends on the models we supply. We could for example stub one of the sub-netlists by a pre-defined model:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ebb11e68-ecc3-4d00-9870-b6682e06c39f",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dag_ = _create_dag(recnet, {**models, \"mzi_delta_length10\": mmi2x2})\n",
    "draw_dag(dag_, with_labels=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b68c2f1a-f062-4f8a-89a5-8608524a5c06",
   "metadata": {
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "This is useful if we for example pre-calculated a certain model."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "020381f6-872f-4aea-8822-ef1096553dc2",
   "metadata": {
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "We can easily find the root of the DAG:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "11728146-6b54-48f2-acac-c8a5fa4e3b0f",
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    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "_find_root(dag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4e8065d2-19c8-444a-b1c2-ea3c62f90e0a",
   "metadata": {
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Similarly we can find the leaves:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7fa9afff-26b5-44cb-90bf-a32ef5e95bf5",
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    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "_find_leaves(dag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "59fb221d-951d-44df-a5d9-487a8b4dc4f8",
   "metadata": {
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "To be able to simulate the circuit, we need to supply a model for each of the leaves in the dependency DAG. Let's write a validator that checks this"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a97dbe93-a53f-4525-b721-2f329692cdc9",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "models = _validate_models(models, dag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e9f30a86-aa00-4f51-8b93-3440edc0b46b",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "We can now dow a bottom-up simulation. Since at the bottom of the DAG, our circuit is always flat (i.e. not hierarchical) we can implement a minimal `_flat_circuit` definition, which only needs to work on a flat (non-hierarchical circuit):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1f415c32-70e4-4b40-a9e2-051fc187cbb9",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "flatnet = recnet.root[mzi1_comp]\n",
    "single_mzi = _flat_circuit(\n",
    "    flatnet.instances,\n",
    "    flatnet.connections,\n",
    "    flatnet.ports,\n",
    "    models,\n",
    "    \"default\",\n",
    ")\n",
    "single_mzi()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c4f3375c-baa3-433f-924a-eff50557bf9f",
   "metadata": {
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    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "The resulting circuit is just another SAX model (i.e. a python function) returing an SType:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "058740c4-439b-4b00-91e7-15e3e7b6679c",
   "metadata": {
    "papermill": {
     "duration": null,
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    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "?single_mzi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2b2bbe9f-29ac-413a-b0a4-6c51da8689cb",
   "metadata": {
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    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Let's 'execute' the circuit:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "Note that we can also supply multimode models:"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "87bc9f40-e97c-4505-8362-311ce5770077",
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   "source": [
    "flatnet = recnet.root[mzi1_comp]\n",
    "single_mzi = _flat_circuit(\n",
    "    flatnet.instances,\n",
    "    flatnet.connections,\n",
    "    flatnet.ports,\n",
    "    models_mm,\n",
    "    \"default\",\n",
    ")\n",
    "single_mzi()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c852f384-c830-47f5-aa75-ee274abbcc35",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "Now that we can handle flat circuits the extension to hierarchical circuits is not so difficult:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "10321c72-bc74-453b-a87a-d5f89295217b",
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   },
   "source": [
    "single mode simulation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "6d133b49-6f26-4e01-bcd9-7ca1b76dc55d",
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    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "double_mzi, info = sax.circuit(recnet, models, backend=\"default\")\n",
    "double_mzi()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3f332edd-909e-452b-b7bd-3a68719a5c20",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "multi mode simulation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "277ec069-4b46-4d5e-9580-1dd0c28cd9a6",
   "metadata": {
    "papermill": {
     "duration": null,
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    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "double_mzi, info = sax.circuit(\n",
    "    recnet, models_mm, backend=\"default\", return_type=\"sdict\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "double_mzi()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e621a2e3-6918-4cfb-8a55-4cc754356020",
   "metadata": {
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    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "sometimes it's useful to get the required circuit model names to be able to create the circuit:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "99bb5c8f-8094-426d-a5d6-ceb73d80f706",
   "metadata": {
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     "duration": null,
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    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "sax.get_required_circuit_models(recnet, models)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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