{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"La Seine est entrée en crue en juin 2016. La région parisienne a été touchée dans son ensemble, plus ou moins gravement selon les endroits. Parmi les questions qui reviennent souvent dans les médias se trouve celle du caractère exceptionnel des 6 mètres de niveau relevés sur la Seine à Paris. Dans ce billet, nous allons essayer de répondre à cette question à l'aide de données mises à disposition par l'état. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Les données hydrologiques concernant la Seine sont-elles publiées ? "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Après recherche, il s'avère que de nombreuses données hydrologiques sont publiées sur le portail . Celui-ci dépend du ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie et fournit notamment des données mesurées à Paris sur le niveau de la Seine. Une plaquette introductive à ce portail est disponible ici : . \n",
"\n",
"On trouve trois ponts à Paris pour lesquels des mesures sont disponbiles : le pont national, le pont d'Austerlitz et le pont royal. Cependant les données disponibles couvrent des périodes plus ou moins longues et nous nous intéressons donc ici seulement au pont d'Austerlitz. \n",
"\n",
"Deux données sont disponibles sur le pont d'Austerlitz : le niveau et le débit. J'ai travaillé sur les fichiers extraits de la banque Hydro (inscription gratuite) pour nettoyer ces données et permettre de les afficher. Nous allons faire ceci à l'aide de Pandas :"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import pandas as pd"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Nous allons également configurer nos sorties graphiques :"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"plt.style.use('bmh')\n",
"%matplotlib notebook"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Visualisation des niveaux "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Commençons par charger les données de niveau (en cm) mesurées au pont d'Austerlitz."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"df = pd.read_csv('data/export_h_complet.csv', parse_dates=[0])\n",
"df = df.set_index(df.pop('date'))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
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}
],
"source": [
"df.head(10)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"On peut se faire une idée de ces points de données en les reportant sur un graphique."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/javascript": [
"/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
"window.mpl = {};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
" if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
" return WebSocket;\n",
" } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
" return MozWebSocket;\n",
" } else {\n",
" alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
" 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
" 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
" 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
" this.id = figure_id;\n",
"\n",
" this.ws = websocket;\n",
"\n",
" this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
"\n",
" if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
" var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
" if (warnings) {\n",
" warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
" warnings.textContent = (\n",
" \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
" \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
"\n",
" this.context = undefined;\n",
" this.message = undefined;\n",
" this.canvas = undefined;\n",
" this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
" this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
" this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
"\n",
" this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
"\n",
" this.root = $('');\n",
" this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
" this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
"\n",
" $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
"\n",
" this._init_header(this);\n",
" this._init_canvas(this);\n",
" this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
"\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" this.waiting = false;\n",
"\n",
" this.ws.onopen = function () {\n",
" fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
" fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
" fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
" if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
" // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
" // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
" // there is no ghosting.\n",
" fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
" }\n",
" fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
" this.ws.close();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
"\n",
" this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
" var titlebar = $(\n",
" '');\n",
" var titletext = $(\n",
" '');\n",
" titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
" this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
" this.header = titletext[0];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var canvas_div = $('');\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
"\n",
" function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
" canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
" this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
" this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
" this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
"\n",
" var canvas = $('');\n",
" canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
" canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
"\n",
" this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
" this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
"\n",
" var rubberband = $('');\n",
" rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
"\n",
" var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.resizable({\n",
" start: function(event, ui) {\n",
" pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
" },\n",
" resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
" fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
" },\n",
" stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
" pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
" fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
" },\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
" if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
" return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
" rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
" event = event.originalEvent;\n",
" event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
" if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
" event.step = 1;\n",
" } else {\n",
" event.step = -1;\n",
" }\n",
" mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
" canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
"\n",
" this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
" this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
" this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
" this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
"\n",
" this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
" // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
" // canvas in synch.\n",
" canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
" canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
"\n",
" canvas.attr('width', width);\n",
" canvas.attr('height', height);\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
" rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
" // upon first draw.\n",
" this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
"\n",
" // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
" $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
" return false;\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" function set_focus () {\n",
" canvas.focus();\n",
" canvas_div.focus();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var nav_element = $('')\n",
" nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
" this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
"\n",
" // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
" function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
" function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
" var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
" var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
" var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
" var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
"\n",
" if (!name) {\n",
" // put a spacer in here.\n",
" continue;\n",
" }\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
" 'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
" button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
" button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
" button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
" button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
"\n",
" var icon_img = $('');\n",
" icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
" icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
" icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
"\n",
" var tooltip_span = $('');\n",
" tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
" tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
"\n",
" button.append(icon_img);\n",
" button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
"\n",
" nav_element.append(button);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var fmt_picker_span = $('');\n",
"\n",
" var fmt_picker = $('');\n",
" fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
" fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
" nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
" this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
"\n",
" for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
" var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
" var option = $(\n",
" '', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
" fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
" $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
" function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
" function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
" );\n",
"\n",
" var status_bar = $('');\n",
" nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
" this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
" // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
" // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
" this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
" properties['type'] = type;\n",
" properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
" this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
" if (!this.waiting) {\n",
" this.waiting = true;\n",
" this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
" var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
" fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var size = msg['size'];\n",
" if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
" fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
" fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var x0 = msg['x0'];\n",
" var y0 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y0'];\n",
" var x1 = msg['x1'];\n",
" var y1 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y1'];\n",
" x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
" y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
" x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
" y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
" var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
" var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
" var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
" var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
"\n",
" fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
" 0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
"\n",
" fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" // Updates the figure title.\n",
" fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
" switch(cursor)\n",
" {\n",
" case 0:\n",
" cursor = 'pointer';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 1:\n",
" cursor = 'default';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 2:\n",
" cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 3:\n",
" cursor = 'move';\n",
" break;\n",
" }\n",
" fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
" fig.send_draw_message();\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
" // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
" this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
"// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
" return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
" if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
" /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
" * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
" * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n",
" * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
" evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
"\n",
" /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
" if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
" (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
" fig.imageObj.src);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
" evt.data);\n",
" fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
" fig.waiting = false;\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
" else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
" fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
" fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
" fig.waiting = false;\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
" var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
"\n",
" // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
" // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
" try {\n",
" var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
" } catch (e) {\n",
" console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" if (callback) {\n",
" try {\n",
" // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
" callback(fig, msg);\n",
" } catch (e) {\n",
" console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
"mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
" //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
" var targ;\n",
" if (!e)\n",
" e = window.event;\n",
" if (e.target)\n",
" targ = e.target;\n",
" else if (e.srcElement)\n",
" targ = e.srcElement;\n",
" if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
" targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
"\n",
" // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
" // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
" // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
" var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
" var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
"\n",
" return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"/*\n",
" * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
" * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
" * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
" */\n",
"function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
" return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
" if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
" obj[key] = original[key]\n",
" return obj;\n",
" }, {});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
" var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
"\n",
" if (name === 'button_press')\n",
" {\n",
" this.canvas.focus();\n",
" this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var x = canvas_pos.x;\n",
" var y = canvas_pos.y;\n",
"\n",
" this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
" step: event.step,\n",
" guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
"\n",
" /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
" * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n",
" * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
" * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
" event.preventDefault();\n",
" return false;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
" // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
"\n",
" // Prevent repeat events\n",
" if (name == 'key_press')\n",
" {\n",
" if (event.which === this._key)\n",
" return;\n",
" else\n",
" this._key = event.which;\n",
" }\n",
" if (name == 'key_release')\n",
" this._key = null;\n",
"\n",
" var value = '';\n",
" if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
" value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
" if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
" value += \"alt+\";\n",
" if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
" value += \"shift+\";\n",
"\n",
" value += 'k';\n",
" value += event.which.toString();\n",
"\n",
" this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
"\n",
" this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
" guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
" return false;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
" if (name == 'download') {\n",
" this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
" } else {\n",
" this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
" }\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
" this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
"};\n",
"mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
"\n",
"mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
"\n",
"mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
" // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
" // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
" // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
" var ws = {};\n",
"\n",
" ws.close = function() {\n",
" comm.close()\n",
" };\n",
" ws.send = function(m) {\n",
" //console.log('sending', m);\n",
" comm.send(m);\n",
" };\n",
" // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
" comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
" //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
" // Pass the mpl event to the overriden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
" ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
" });\n",
" return ws;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
" // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
" // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
"\n",
" var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
" // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
" // socket was opened in Python.\n",
" var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
" var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
"\n",
" function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
" window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
" ondownload,\n",
" element.get(0));\n",
"\n",
" // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
" // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
" ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
"\n",
" fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
" fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"\");\n",
" if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
" console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
" var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
"\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
"\n",
" // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
" fig.push_to_output();\n",
" var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
" // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
" // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
" IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
" $(fig.parent_element).html('');\n",
" fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
" fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
" // fig.ws.close()\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
" // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
" var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
" this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '';\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
" // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
" IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
" this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
" // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
" // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
" setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var nav_element = $('')\n",
" nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
" this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
"\n",
" // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
" function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
" function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
" var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
" var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
" var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
" var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
"\n",
" if (!name) { continue; };\n",
"\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
" button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
" nav_element.append(button);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Add the status bar.\n",
" var status_bar = $('');\n",
" nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
" this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
"\n",
" // Add the close button to the window.\n",
" var buttongrp = $('');\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
" button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
" buttongrp.append(button);\n",
" var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
" titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
" var fig = this\n",
" el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
"\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
" });\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
" // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
" el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
" // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
" // off when our div gets focus\n",
"\n",
" // location in version 3\n",
" if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
" IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
" }\n",
" else {\n",
" // location in version 2\n",
" IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
" var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
" if (!manager)\n",
" manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
"\n",
" // Check for shift+enter\n",
" if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
" this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
" event.shiftKey = false;\n",
" // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
" event.which = 74;\n",
" event.keyCode = 74;\n",
" manager.command_mode();\n",
" manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
" // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
" // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
" // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
" // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
" var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
" var ncells = cells.length;\n",
" for (var i=0; i= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
" data = data.data;\n",
" }\n",
" if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
" return [cell, data, j];\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
"// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
"if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
" IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
"}\n"
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
""
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))\n",
"df.plot.line(ax=ax)\n",
"plt.ylabel('niveau (cm)')\n",
"plt.tight_layout()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Comme on peut le voir sur le graphique ci-dessus, des mesures sont manquantes, en particulier sur les vingt années entre 1975 et 1995, mais aussi dans les années 2010."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Si l'on s'intéresse au maximum par année, on obtient la courbe suivante :"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 44,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/javascript": [
"/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
"window.mpl = {};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
" if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
" return WebSocket;\n",
" } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
" return MozWebSocket;\n",
" } else {\n",
" alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
" 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
" 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
" 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
" this.id = figure_id;\n",
"\n",
" this.ws = websocket;\n",
"\n",
" this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
"\n",
" if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
" var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
" if (warnings) {\n",
" warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
" warnings.textContent = (\n",
" \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
" \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
"\n",
" this.context = undefined;\n",
" this.message = undefined;\n",
" this.canvas = undefined;\n",
" this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
" this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
" this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
"\n",
" this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
"\n",
" this.root = $('');\n",
" this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
" this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
"\n",
" $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
"\n",
" this._init_header(this);\n",
" this._init_canvas(this);\n",
" this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
"\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" this.waiting = false;\n",
"\n",
" this.ws.onopen = function () {\n",
" fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
" fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
" fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
" if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
" // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
" // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
" // there is no ghosting.\n",
" fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
" }\n",
" fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
" this.ws.close();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
"\n",
" this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
" var titlebar = $(\n",
" '');\n",
" var titletext = $(\n",
" '');\n",
" titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
" this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
" this.header = titletext[0];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var canvas_div = $('');\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
"\n",
" function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
" canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
" this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
" this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
" this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
"\n",
" var canvas = $('');\n",
" canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
" canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
"\n",
" this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
" this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
"\n",
" var rubberband = $('');\n",
" rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
"\n",
" var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.resizable({\n",
" start: function(event, ui) {\n",
" pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
" },\n",
" resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
" fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
" },\n",
" stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
" pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
" fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
" },\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
" if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
" return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
" rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
" event = event.originalEvent;\n",
" event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
" if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
" event.step = 1;\n",
" } else {\n",
" event.step = -1;\n",
" }\n",
" mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
" canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
"\n",
" this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
" this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
" this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
" this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
"\n",
" this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
" // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
" // canvas in synch.\n",
" canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
" canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
"\n",
" canvas.attr('width', width);\n",
" canvas.attr('height', height);\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
" rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
" // upon first draw.\n",
" this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
"\n",
" // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
" $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
" return false;\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" function set_focus () {\n",
" canvas.focus();\n",
" canvas_div.focus();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var nav_element = $('')\n",
" nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
" this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
"\n",
" // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
" function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
" function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
" var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
" var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
" var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
" var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
"\n",
" if (!name) {\n",
" // put a spacer in here.\n",
" continue;\n",
" }\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
" 'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
" button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
" button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
" button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
" button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
"\n",
" var icon_img = $('');\n",
" icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
" icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
" icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
"\n",
" var tooltip_span = $('');\n",
" tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
" tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
"\n",
" button.append(icon_img);\n",
" button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
"\n",
" nav_element.append(button);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var fmt_picker_span = $('');\n",
"\n",
" var fmt_picker = $('');\n",
" fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
" fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
" nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
" this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
"\n",
" for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
" var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
" var option = $(\n",
" '', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
" fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
" $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
" function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
" function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
" );\n",
"\n",
" var status_bar = $('');\n",
" nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
" this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
" // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
" // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
" this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
" properties['type'] = type;\n",
" properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
" this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
" if (!this.waiting) {\n",
" this.waiting = true;\n",
" this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
" var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
" fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var size = msg['size'];\n",
" if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
" fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
" fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var x0 = msg['x0'];\n",
" var y0 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y0'];\n",
" var x1 = msg['x1'];\n",
" var y1 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y1'];\n",
" x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
" y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
" x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
" y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
" var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
" var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
" var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
" var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
"\n",
" fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
" 0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
"\n",
" fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" // Updates the figure title.\n",
" fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
" switch(cursor)\n",
" {\n",
" case 0:\n",
" cursor = 'pointer';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 1:\n",
" cursor = 'default';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 2:\n",
" cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 3:\n",
" cursor = 'move';\n",
" break;\n",
" }\n",
" fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
" fig.send_draw_message();\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
" // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
" this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
"// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
" return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
" if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
" /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
" * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
" * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n",
" * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
" evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
"\n",
" /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
" if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
" (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
" fig.imageObj.src);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
" evt.data);\n",
" fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
" fig.waiting = false;\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
" else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
" fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
" fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
" fig.waiting = false;\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
" var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
"\n",
" // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
" // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
" try {\n",
" var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
" } catch (e) {\n",
" console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" if (callback) {\n",
" try {\n",
" // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
" callback(fig, msg);\n",
" } catch (e) {\n",
" console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
"mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
" //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
" var targ;\n",
" if (!e)\n",
" e = window.event;\n",
" if (e.target)\n",
" targ = e.target;\n",
" else if (e.srcElement)\n",
" targ = e.srcElement;\n",
" if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
" targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
"\n",
" // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
" // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
" // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
" var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
" var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
"\n",
" return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"/*\n",
" * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
" * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
" * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
" */\n",
"function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
" return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
" if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
" obj[key] = original[key]\n",
" return obj;\n",
" }, {});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
" var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
"\n",
" if (name === 'button_press')\n",
" {\n",
" this.canvas.focus();\n",
" this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var x = canvas_pos.x;\n",
" var y = canvas_pos.y;\n",
"\n",
" this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
" step: event.step,\n",
" guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
"\n",
" /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
" * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n",
" * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
" * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
" event.preventDefault();\n",
" return false;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
" // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
"\n",
" // Prevent repeat events\n",
" if (name == 'key_press')\n",
" {\n",
" if (event.which === this._key)\n",
" return;\n",
" else\n",
" this._key = event.which;\n",
" }\n",
" if (name == 'key_release')\n",
" this._key = null;\n",
"\n",
" var value = '';\n",
" if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
" value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
" if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
" value += \"alt+\";\n",
" if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
" value += \"shift+\";\n",
"\n",
" value += 'k';\n",
" value += event.which.toString();\n",
"\n",
" this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
"\n",
" this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
" guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
" return false;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
" if (name == 'download') {\n",
" this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
" } else {\n",
" this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
" }\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
" this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
"};\n",
"mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
"\n",
"mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
"\n",
"mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
" // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
" // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
" // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
" var ws = {};\n",
"\n",
" ws.close = function() {\n",
" comm.close()\n",
" };\n",
" ws.send = function(m) {\n",
" //console.log('sending', m);\n",
" comm.send(m);\n",
" };\n",
" // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
" comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
" //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
" // Pass the mpl event to the overriden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
" ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
" });\n",
" return ws;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
" // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
" // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
"\n",
" var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
" // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
" // socket was opened in Python.\n",
" var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
" var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
"\n",
" function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
" window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
" ondownload,\n",
" element.get(0));\n",
"\n",
" // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
" // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
" ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
"\n",
" fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
" fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"\");\n",
" if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
" console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
" var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
"\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
"\n",
" // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
" fig.push_to_output();\n",
" var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
" // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
" // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
" IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
" $(fig.parent_element).html('');\n",
" fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
" fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
" // fig.ws.close()\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
" // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
" var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
" this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '';\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
" // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
" IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
" this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
" // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
" // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
" setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var nav_element = $('')\n",
" nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
" this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
"\n",
" // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
" function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
" function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
" var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
" var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
" var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
" var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
"\n",
" if (!name) { continue; };\n",
"\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
" button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
" nav_element.append(button);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Add the status bar.\n",
" var status_bar = $('');\n",
" nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
" this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
"\n",
" // Add the close button to the window.\n",
" var buttongrp = $('');\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
" button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
" buttongrp.append(button);\n",
" var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
" titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
" var fig = this\n",
" el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
"\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
" });\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
" // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
" el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
" // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
" // off when our div gets focus\n",
"\n",
" // location in version 3\n",
" if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
" IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
" }\n",
" else {\n",
" // location in version 2\n",
" IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
" var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
" if (!manager)\n",
" manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
"\n",
" // Check for shift+enter\n",
" if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
" this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
" event.shiftKey = false;\n",
" // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
" event.which = 74;\n",
" event.keyCode = 74;\n",
" manager.command_mode();\n",
" manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
" // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
" // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
" // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
" // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
" var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
" var ncells = cells.length;\n",
" for (var i=0; i= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
" data = data.data;\n",
" }\n",
" if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
" return [cell, data, j];\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
"// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
"if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
" IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
"}\n"
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
""
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))\n",
"df.resample('12M').max().plot(ax=ax, style='-o')\n",
"plt.ylabel('niveau (cm)')\n",
"plt.title('niveau maximum annuel')\n",
"plt.tight_layout()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"On retrouve dans cette série la \"crue du siècle\" de 1910 avec ses 8 mètres 62, mais également des crues importantes en 1924, 1945 ou 1955."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Cette série des maxima nous permet de construire un premier graphe des périodes de retour pour les différents niveaux de crue. La période de récurrence se calcule à l'aide de la formule suivante :\n",
"$$\n",
"\\text{nombre d'années de données} + 1 \\over \\text{nombre d'évènements}\n",
"$$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Par exemple, pour un niveau de 6 mètres, on peut compter le nombre d'évènements supérieurs en 131 années de données :"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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1910-09-30
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"text/plain": [
" h\n",
"date \n",
"1910-09-30 862.0\n",
"1919-09-30 611.0\n",
"1920-09-30 665.0\n",
"1924-09-30 732.0\n",
"1926-09-30 602.0\n",
"1931-09-30 608.0\n",
"1945-09-30 685.0\n",
"1955-09-30 712.0\n",
"1959-09-30 622.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h_max = df.resample('12M').max()\n",
"h_max[h_max.h > 600]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"On en déduit que des crues de plus de 6 m ont un temps de retour d'environ 15 ans :"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"14.666666666666666"
]
},
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(131 + 1) / h_max[h_max.h > 600].shape[0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"On peut systématiser ce calcul en prenant des niveaux entre 200 et 1000 cm."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import numpy as np"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"levels = np.linspace(200, 1000)\n",
"return_periods = [132 / sum(h_max.h.values > level) for level in levels]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/javascript": [
"/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
"window.mpl = {};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
" if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
" return WebSocket;\n",
" } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
" return MozWebSocket;\n",
" } else {\n",
" alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
" 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
" 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
" 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
" this.id = figure_id;\n",
"\n",
" this.ws = websocket;\n",
"\n",
" this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
"\n",
" if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
" var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
" if (warnings) {\n",
" warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
" warnings.textContent = (\n",
" \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
" \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
"\n",
" this.context = undefined;\n",
" this.message = undefined;\n",
" this.canvas = undefined;\n",
" this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
" this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
" this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
"\n",
" this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
"\n",
" this.root = $('');\n",
" this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
" this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
"\n",
" $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
"\n",
" this._init_header(this);\n",
" this._init_canvas(this);\n",
" this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
"\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" this.waiting = false;\n",
"\n",
" this.ws.onopen = function () {\n",
" fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
" fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
" fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
" if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
" // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
" // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
" // there is no ghosting.\n",
" fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
" }\n",
" fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
" this.ws.close();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
"\n",
" this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
" var titlebar = $(\n",
" '');\n",
" var titletext = $(\n",
" '');\n",
" titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
" this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
" this.header = titletext[0];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var canvas_div = $('');\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
"\n",
" function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
" canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
" this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
" this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
" this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
"\n",
" var canvas = $('');\n",
" canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
" canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
"\n",
" this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
" this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
"\n",
" var rubberband = $('');\n",
" rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
"\n",
" var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.resizable({\n",
" start: function(event, ui) {\n",
" pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
" },\n",
" resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
" fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
" },\n",
" stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
" pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
" fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
" },\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
" if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
" return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
" rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
" rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
" event = event.originalEvent;\n",
" event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
" if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
" event.step = 1;\n",
" } else {\n",
" event.step = -1;\n",
" }\n",
" mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
" canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
"\n",
" this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
" this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
" this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
" this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
"\n",
" this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
" // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
" // canvas in synch.\n",
" canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
" canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
"\n",
" canvas.attr('width', width);\n",
" canvas.attr('height', height);\n",
"\n",
" rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
" rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
" // upon first draw.\n",
" this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
"\n",
" // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
" $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
" return false;\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" function set_focus () {\n",
" canvas.focus();\n",
" canvas_div.focus();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var nav_element = $('')\n",
" nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
" this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
"\n",
" // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
" function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
" function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
" var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
" var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
" var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
" var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
"\n",
" if (!name) {\n",
" // put a spacer in here.\n",
" continue;\n",
" }\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
" 'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
" button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
" button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
" button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
" button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
"\n",
" var icon_img = $('');\n",
" icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
" icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
" icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
"\n",
" var tooltip_span = $('');\n",
" tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
" tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
"\n",
" button.append(icon_img);\n",
" button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
"\n",
" nav_element.append(button);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var fmt_picker_span = $('');\n",
"\n",
" var fmt_picker = $('');\n",
" fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
" fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
" nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
" this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
"\n",
" for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
" var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
" var option = $(\n",
" '', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
" fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
" $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
" function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
" function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
" );\n",
"\n",
" var status_bar = $('');\n",
" nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
" this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
" // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
" // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
" this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
" properties['type'] = type;\n",
" properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
" this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
" if (!this.waiting) {\n",
" this.waiting = true;\n",
" this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
" var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
" fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var size = msg['size'];\n",
" if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
" fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
" fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var x0 = msg['x0'];\n",
" var y0 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y0'];\n",
" var x1 = msg['x1'];\n",
" var y1 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y1'];\n",
" x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
" y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
" x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
" y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
" var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
" var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
" var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
" var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
"\n",
" fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
" 0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
"\n",
" fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" // Updates the figure title.\n",
" fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
" switch(cursor)\n",
" {\n",
" case 0:\n",
" cursor = 'pointer';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 1:\n",
" cursor = 'default';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 2:\n",
" cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
" break;\n",
" case 3:\n",
" cursor = 'move';\n",
" break;\n",
" }\n",
" fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
" fig.send_draw_message();\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
" // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
" this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
"// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
" return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
" if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
" /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
" * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
" * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n",
" * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
" evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
"\n",
" /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
" if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
" (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
" fig.imageObj.src);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
" evt.data);\n",
" fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
" fig.waiting = false;\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
" else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
" fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
" fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
" fig.waiting = false;\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
" var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
"\n",
" // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
" // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
" try {\n",
" var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
" } catch (e) {\n",
" console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" if (callback) {\n",
" try {\n",
" // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
" callback(fig, msg);\n",
" } catch (e) {\n",
" console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" };\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
"mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
" //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
" var targ;\n",
" if (!e)\n",
" e = window.event;\n",
" if (e.target)\n",
" targ = e.target;\n",
" else if (e.srcElement)\n",
" targ = e.srcElement;\n",
" if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
" targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
"\n",
" // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
" // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
" // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
" var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
" var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
"\n",
" return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"/*\n",
" * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
" * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
" * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
" */\n",
"function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
" return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
" if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
" obj[key] = original[key]\n",
" return obj;\n",
" }, {});\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
" var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
"\n",
" if (name === 'button_press')\n",
" {\n",
" this.canvas.focus();\n",
" this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var x = canvas_pos.x;\n",
" var y = canvas_pos.y;\n",
"\n",
" this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
" step: event.step,\n",
" guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
"\n",
" /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
" * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n",
" * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
" * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
" event.preventDefault();\n",
" return false;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
" // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
"\n",
" // Prevent repeat events\n",
" if (name == 'key_press')\n",
" {\n",
" if (event.which === this._key)\n",
" return;\n",
" else\n",
" this._key = event.which;\n",
" }\n",
" if (name == 'key_release')\n",
" this._key = null;\n",
"\n",
" var value = '';\n",
" if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
" value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
" if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
" value += \"alt+\";\n",
" if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
" value += \"shift+\";\n",
"\n",
" value += 'k';\n",
" value += event.which.toString();\n",
"\n",
" this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
"\n",
" this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
" guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
" return false;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
" if (name == 'download') {\n",
" this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
" } else {\n",
" this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
" }\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
" this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
"};\n",
"mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
"\n",
"mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
"\n",
"mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
" // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
" // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
" // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
" var ws = {};\n",
"\n",
" ws.close = function() {\n",
" comm.close()\n",
" };\n",
" ws.send = function(m) {\n",
" //console.log('sending', m);\n",
" comm.send(m);\n",
" };\n",
" // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
" comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
" //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
" // Pass the mpl event to the overriden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
" ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
" });\n",
" return ws;\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
" // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
" // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
"\n",
" var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
" // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
" // socket was opened in Python.\n",
" var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
" var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
"\n",
" function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
" window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
" ondownload,\n",
" element.get(0));\n",
"\n",
" // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
" // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
" ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
"\n",
" fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
" fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"\");\n",
" if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
" console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
" return;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
" var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
"\n",
"};\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
"\n",
" // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
" fig.push_to_output();\n",
" var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
" // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
" // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
" IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
" $(fig.parent_element).html('');\n",
" fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
" fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
" // fig.ws.close()\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
" // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
" var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
" this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '';\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
" // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
" IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
" this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
" // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
" // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
" setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
" var fig = this;\n",
"\n",
" var nav_element = $('')\n",
" nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
" this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
"\n",
" // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
" function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
" function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
" return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
" var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
" var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
" var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
" var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
"\n",
" if (!name) { continue; };\n",
"\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
" button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
" nav_element.append(button);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" // Add the status bar.\n",
" var status_bar = $('');\n",
" nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
" this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
"\n",
" // Add the close button to the window.\n",
" var buttongrp = $('');\n",
" var button = $('');\n",
" button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
" button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
" buttongrp.append(button);\n",
" var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
" titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
" var fig = this\n",
" el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
"\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
" });\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
" // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
" el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
" // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
" // off when our div gets focus\n",
"\n",
" // location in version 3\n",
" if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
" IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
" }\n",
" else {\n",
" // location in version 2\n",
" IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
" var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
" if (!manager)\n",
" manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
"\n",
" // Check for shift+enter\n",
" if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
" this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
" event.shiftKey = false;\n",
" // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
" event.which = 74;\n",
" event.keyCode = 74;\n",
" manager.command_mode();\n",
" manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
" fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
" // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
" // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
" // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
" // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
" var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
" var ncells = cells.length;\n",
" for (var i=0; i= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
" data = data.data;\n",
" }\n",
" if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
" return [cell, data, j];\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
"// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
"if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
" IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
"}\n"
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
""
],
"text/plain": [
""
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"metadata": {},
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{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"(180, 900)"
]
},
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"plt.figure()\n",
"plt.semilogx(return_periods, levels, 'o')\n",
"plt.xscale('log', subsx=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])\n",
"plt.minorticks_on()\n",
"plt.grid(which='minor')\n",
"plt.xlabel('temps de retour (années)')\n",
"plt.ylabel('niveau de la Seine (cm)')\n",
"plt.tight_layout()\n",
"plt.xlim(0.1, 1000)\n",
"plt.ylim(180, 900)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Le graphique précédent nous indique que des crues de plus de 6 mètres ont une période de récurrence d'environ 10 ans. Evidemment, il faut tenir compte du fait que le graphique précédent est purement empirique. Mais cela permet déjà de formuler un début de réponse quant à la question posée au début de ce billet : une crue de 6 mètres est-elle exceptionnelle ? D'après les données publiques disponibles, il me semble raisonnable de répondre par la négative. Cela dit, il faut également signaler que les données ne montrent pas de crue de 6 mètres depuis 1960 (attention, il manque beaucoup de données). De plus, le bassin versant de la Seine a été fortement aménagé depuis la crue de 1910, ce qui peut avoir provoqué des modifications du comportement de crue de la Seine. Pour plus de détails, on pourra se reporter aux émissions récentes du Dessous des cartes, qui permettent d'aborder le sujet fascinant des crues de la Seine : \n",
"\n",
"- première partie : \n",
"- deuxième partie : "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Conclusions "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Dans ce billet nous avons investigué le sujet des crues de la Seine à l'aide de données publiques. Il s'avère qu'un niveau de crue de 6 mètres a déjà observé fréquemment dans le passé, avec une période de retour d'environ 10 ans sur les données disponibles depuis 1885 (avec un certain nombre de données manquantes). Si l'on ajoute à ces données les informations données par l'émission du Dessous des cartes, il faut conclure que de telles crues ne peuvent pas être considérées comme exceptionnelles et que l'île de France reste soumise à un fort risque d'inondation lié à la Seine et ses affluents, qui pourrait avoir des conséquences très graves (coupures d'électricité, eau potable, transports routiers, maritimes, en communs, la liste est longue...)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Ce billet est sous licence BSD. Il est disponible sous forme de Notebook Jupyter, de même que les données qui ont servies à l'analyse sur ."
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
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"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
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