@prefix bibo: . @prefix cc: . @prefix dc: . @prefix gsn: . @prefix gsnswrl: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix schema: . @prefix skos: . @prefix swrl: . @prefix swrla: . @prefix terms: . @prefix vann: . @prefix xsd: . cc:license a owl:AnnotationProperty . dc:contributor a owl:AnnotationProperty . dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty . dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty . dc:publisher a owl:AnnotationProperty . dc:source a owl:AnnotationProperty . dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty . terms:bibliographicCitation a owl:AnnotationProperty . terms:created a owl:AnnotationProperty . terms:issued a owl:AnnotationProperty . terms:modified a owl:AnnotationProperty . bibo:doi a owl:AnnotationProperty . bibo:status a owl:AnnotationProperty . vann:preferredNamespacePrefix a owl:AnnotationProperty . vann:preferredNamespaceUri a owl:AnnotationProperty . schema:description a owl:AnnotationProperty, owl:DatatypeProperty . schema:disclaimer a owl:AnnotationProperty . schema:includedInDataCatalog a owl:AnnotationProperty . schema:logo a owl:AnnotationProperty . schema:name a owl:AnnotationProperty . schema:url a owl:AnnotationProperty . swrla:isRuleEnabled a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:altLabel a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:definition a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:note a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:scopeNote a owl:AnnotationProperty . gsn:coreOrExtension a owl:AnnotationProperty . gsn:inferredOnly a owl:AnnotationProperty . gsn:renderedAs a owl:AnnotationProperty . a owl:Ontology ; cc:license ; dc:contributor "Barbara Gallina"@en, "Dian Balta"@en, "Ingmar Kessler"@en, "Jule Hendricks"@en ; dc:creator "Tomas Bueno Momčilović"@en ; dc:description "The complete Dialectic Extension section of OntoGSN. Generated from ontogsn.ttl by development/dev_tools/build_separated.py. Includes the SWRL rules and every annotation."@en ; dc:publisher [ schema:name "fortiss GmbH" ; schema:url ] ; dc:source "https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology" ; dc:title "OntoGSN — Dialectic Extension"@en ; terms:bibliographicCitation "Bueno Momčilović, T. (2026). OntoGSN (Version 1.3.0) [Ontology]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17808330" ; terms:created "2025-02-20"^^xsd:date ; terms:issued "2026-11-05"^^xsd:date ; terms:modified "2026-11-05"^^xsd:date ; bibo:doi "10.5281/zenodo.17808330" ; bibo:status ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "gsn" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#" ; schema:disclaimer "[Disclaimer from the GSN Community Standard v3.0]: While the authors and the publishers have used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information and guidance given in this work is correct, all parties must rely on their own skill and judgement when making use of this work and obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content of this work. Neither the authors nor the publishers make any representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to such information and guidance for any purpose, and they will not be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever (including as a result of negligence) arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this work. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their employers, the SCSC1 or other organisations."@en ; schema:includedInDataCatalog ; schema:logo ; schema:url "https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/"^^xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:priorVersion ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "1.3.0" ; skos:definition "GSN is a graphical argument notation which can be used to document explicitly the elements and structure of an argument and the argument’s relationship to evidence."@en ; skos:scopeNote "A definition prefixed [OntoGSN] is this ontology’s wording, not the GSN Community Standard’s. Every definition, tagged or not, has a record in the design record under development/design/ naming the passage it rests on, or stating that it rests on none."@en ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension"@en . gsn:AssuranceCase a owl:Class . gsn:Defeater a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Defeater"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:Goal gsn:Solution ) ] ; skos:altLabel "Dialectic Element"@en ; skos:definition "The source of challenge being applied; can be directed at any part of an argument. A defeater (goal or solution) can challenge any element in a goal structure, e.g. goal, solution, strategy, context, assumption, justification." ; skos:note "Membership of this class is only meant to be inferred, not asserted! Please do not add individuals to this class manually (i.e., assertions)."@en, "The goal and solution statements should be clearly expressed such that the crux of the challenge is unequivocally communicated. Thus, the link between the part of the argument that is being challenged (target) and the dialectic element (source) is self-evident."@en ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension"@en . gsn:Strategy a owl:Class . gsn:relationshipType a owl:DatatypeProperty . gsn:true a owl:DatatypeProperty . gsn:undeveloped a owl:DatatypeProperty . gsn:inDoubt a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "in doubt"@en ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:AssuranceCase gsn:GSNElement gsn:Relationship ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; skos:definition "The dialectic challenge within this structure asserts that if the claim presented in Goal CG1 is true then this is sufficient to establish that the claim in Goal G1 in the original structure is in doubt."@en ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension"@en . rdf:object a owl:ObjectProperty . rdf:subject a owl:ObjectProperty . gsn:Solution a owl:Class . gsn:defeated a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "defeated"@en ; schema:description "Defeated Relationship indicates that the relationship is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN relationships."@en ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:GSNElement gsn:Relationship ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; skos:definition "This decorator symbol indicates that the element is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN elements."@en ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension"@en ; gsn:renderedAs "cross (‘X’) superimposed on a GSN element or relationship" . gsn:transitivelyChallenges a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:label "transitively challenges"@en ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:GSNElement gsn:Relationship ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:GSNElement gsn:Relationship ) ] ; skos:definition "[OntoGSN] Relates an element to every element that it reaches through a chain of one or more challenges."@en ; skos:note "Inferred, never authored. It is derived by the Challenge Closure rule, and the Challenge Cycle rules read it."@en ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension"@en ; gsn:inferredOnly true . gsnswrl:D a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:G2 a swrl:Variable . gsn:GSNElement a owl:Class . gsn:supportedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . gsnswrl:G1 a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:G a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:G3 a swrl:Variable . gsn:Goal a owl:Class . gsn:Relationship a owl:Class . gsn:valid a owl:DatatypeProperty . gsn:challenges a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "challenges"@en ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:Goal gsn:Solution ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( gsn:GSNElement gsn:Relationship ) ] ; skos:definition "Allows a Challenge to any GSN entity to be documented. A goal, (core element) can be used in a dialectic context to assert a challenge to part of the argument. A solution, (core element) can be used to present a reference to an evidence item that asserts a challenge to part of the argument."@en ; skos:note "A challenge must be levied against the appropriate aspect of the goal structure."@en ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension"@en ; gsn:renderedAs "dashed line with an open arrowhead" . gsnswrl:B a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:A a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:S a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:E a swrl:Variable . gsnswrl:R a swrl:Variable . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Cycle Relationship Invalidation" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Relationship ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:subject ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:object ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:transitivelyChallenges ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Defeat" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Solution ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:defeated ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Defeater Declaration" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Defeater ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Cycle Invalidation" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:transitivelyChallenges ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Doubt" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:true ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Goal ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:inDoubt ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Closure" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:transitivelyChallenges ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Undeveloped Defeat" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:undeveloped ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Goal ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:inDoubt ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:defeated ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Defeated Invalidation" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 true ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:defeated ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:E ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Chain Invalidation" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:D ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G3 ; swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:subject ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G1 ; swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:object ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G1 ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Goal ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G3 ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Goal ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:BuiltinAtom ; swrl:arguments ( gsnswrl:S gsnswrl:G3 ) ; swrl:builtin ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G2 ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Goal ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G3 ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G1 ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:supportedBy ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G3 ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G2 ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:supportedBy ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DifferentIndividualsAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G1 ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G2 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G2 ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:supportedBy ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:G3 ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:supportedBy ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:D ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:G1 ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:supportedBy ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:D ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 false ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:valid ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:S ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Strategy ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:label "Challenge Relation Creation" ; swrla:isRuleEnabled true ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:challenges ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:BuiltinAtom ; swrl:arguments ( gsnswrl:R gsnswrl:A gsnswrl:B ) ; swrl:builtin ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:A ; swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:subject ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:classPredicate gsn:Relationship ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 gsnswrl:B ; swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:object ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:DatavaluedPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 gsnswrl:R ; swrl:argument2 "dialectic" ; swrl:propertyPredicate gsn:relationshipType ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ; gsn:coreOrExtension "Dialectic Extension" .